62

Chapter 5
Motion Near the Earth's Surface
Section 5.1
Practice
1.

a)

(page 155)

Fg = mg

Fe -

980 N = (100 kg)(0.30 m/s 2 )

Fe -

980 N = 30 N

= (50 kg}(9.8 N/kg)

= 4.9
b)

Fg

lO 2 N

= mg

Fe = 1 010 N

= (0.100 kg)(9.8 N/kg)

Fe

= 0.98 N
2.

g = 1.6 N/kg
a)

= 1 010 N [up]

c)

Fg = mg

= (50 kg}(1.6 N /kg)

b)

Fg

= 80 N
= mg
= (0.100 kg}(1.6 N/kg)
= 0.16 N

Practice (page 158)

1.

a}

-?

at rest, a = 0

and

-?

Fnel = 0

Fg = mg

= (100 kg)(9.8 N/kg)

Fe- 980 N = -15 N

= 980 N
-?

-?

-?

Fe = 965 N

Fnet = Fe + Fg

0 = Fe -

980 N

-?

Fe = 965 N [up]

Fe= +980 N
-?

Fe = 980 N [up]

d)

b)

If v is uniform,

Fe

-?

a = 0, Fnet = 0,
o o o

Fe = 980 N [up] as in (a).

63
e)

If falling freely, there is no force of

2.

c)

the elevator on the passenger, as seen

below.
-'>

ma
F -

980 N
Fe

= -(100
=0N

kg)(9.8 m/s 2 )

2.
T

aO
-'>

~et

-'>

=T +

-+

Fg

T - 19 600 N

= 2.0

= ma
=0

10 4 N

d)
Fg

mg

(2000 kg)(9.8 N/kg)

19 600 N
a)

-'>

-'>

-'>

T -

19 600 N

-'>

18

Fnet

ma

=0

T = 19 600 N
T = 2.0

10 4 N
~

Fnet

b)

Fg

= ma

= ma
T- 19 600 N =(2000 kg)(l.O m/s

T- mg
T

aO

T- 19 600 N

=2000 N

= 21600
= 2.2

e)

-'>

ma
T- 19 600 N = 0
T = 19 600 N

= 2.0

10 4 N

10 4 N

2 )

64
2.

e)

(cont.)

_,
_,
_,
Fnet = T + Fg
T- rng = rna
T -

19 600 N

T -

19 600 N

_,
rna

aI

Fnet

Fnet

__
I

rn I

a)

Fg

(2000 kg)(- 1.0 m/s 2

=-

2000 N

17 600 N

1.8

g_

rn 2
T

5.0 kg

10 4 N

5.0 kg

rng

!_g_

rn=

g
4

-~

98 N
9.8 N/kg
_,
4

3.0 T

10 kg

~ + Fg =rna

Fnet

29.4 N-T
3.0 kg
147 N- 5.0 T

= 18 N
~

----r0gl

(10 kg)a

= -0.50

a2

40kg

93 N - 98 N = rna

29.4 N-T
3.0 kg

2.

Vertical components:

-5.0 N

rn 2
F- T

rn I

3.

__
2

a2

N/kg

= -0.50 m/s 2
b)

Acceleration is down, since value of a

is negative.

Practice (page 161)

1.

5.0kg

----~

Fg

rnz g
(15 kg)(9.8 N/kg)
147 N

aI

Fnet
rn I

Fnet

__
I

a2

40 kg

aI
T

40 kg

Fg

M2 g

a2
147 N-T
15 kg

15 T = 5880 N- 40 T

(3.0 kg)(9 .8 N /kg)

T = 107 N

29.4 N

rn 2
147 N-T
15 kg

T
a2

__
2

65

Section 5.4

mI
Practice (page 165)

107 N
40 kg

= 2.67

m/s 2

1.

:.1__

k - FN

= 2.7 m/s 2
3.

= ---=-5.::...0-=.N_c___ _
(20 kg)(9.8 N/kg)

==

3 U KQ

5.0 kg

2.

0.26

Ff = f.ik FN

= ~"k mg
=

0.30(15 kg)(9.8 N/kg)

= 44 N
3.

Fgl =m 18
= (3.0 kg)(9.8 N/kg)

29.4 N

Fg2 =m 2 g
= (5.0 kg)(9.8 N/kg)

=
aI

=
=

49 N

Fnet

mI
T- 29.4 N

Ff

Fnet

a2

pkFN

= 0.12(2.0 kg)(9.8 N/kg)

m2

49 N-T
5.0 kg

3.0 kg

2.35 N

Fnet = ma

a I = a2

= ma
= (2.0 kg)a
= 0.83 m/s

F- Ff
4.0 N - 2.35 N

T- 29.4 N
49 N-T
=
3.0 kg
5.0 kg
5.0 T- 147 N = 147 N- 3.0 T

a
4.

8 T = 294 N
T = 37 N

aI

T - 29.4 N

3.0 kg

37 _
NN
= .::c__
_29.4
...c_:_-'----'--'
3.0 kg

= 2.5 m/s 2
-

----"

66
Fx

b)

F cos8

(1 00 N)( cos 55 )

Fx

57 N

FY

F sin 55.

82 N
Since v is constant,
Fncl

ma

0 and

FN

Fg cos8

Ff = FX = 57 N

(98 N)(cos10)

But

J1 k

96.5 N

!1_

Jl.k FN

FN

(0.10)(96.5 N)

57 N

9.65 N

82 N
0.70

Taking down the slope as positive

5.
F = 17 N -

9.65 N

= 7.35 N
a -

F
m

_ 7.35 N
- 10 kg

= 0.735 m/s
bod=

bo(

- 0
20ma)

Fg = mg

b.t

= (10 kg)(9.8 N/kg)

98 N
F

Fg sin8

= (98 N)(sin 10 )
= 17 N
F
m

a=-

17 N
10 kg

= 1.7m/s 2

6.

+~

a(b.t) 2

1
2(0.735
m/s 2 )(b.t) 2

= 7.38 s

or 7.4 s

67
FN

= Fy = mgcos20

mg

Fg
I

(40 kg)(9.8 N/kg)

Fx = mg sin 20 o
a)

392 N

Ff = f-lk FN

but

= O.lO(mg cos 20 )

FN =Fg,

Fnel = Fx

Fnet,x

= 392 N

FN

= 0.093 mg N
-)

mg sin 20 o

Pk FN

Ff

Ff

(0.35)(392 N)

0.093 mg

137N

= 0.34 mg- 0.093 mg

[1]

= (0.,34- 0.093)(9.8 N/kg)m N

T - 137 N

F
nel,,

rna

= 2.4 m N

(40 kg)a

Fnel,2

(2]
2.4 m

F
g2

b)

T = m 2 a2
T

147 N -

m
2.4 m/s

= (15 kg)a

Combining [1] and (2] and given that

= v I + a D.l

= 0 + (2.4 m/s
= 19.4 m/s
= 19 m/s

= a2 = a

a,

)(8.0 s)

(one rope)

T- 137 N = 40a
T = 15a

147 N -

lON

Note that the acceleration and the

final speed of the skier do not
depend on the mass of the skier.

= 55a
=

0.18 m/s

Section 5.6

7.
40kg

Practice (page 169)

----~

1.

a)

Fg

mg

(60 kg)(9.5 N /kg)

5.7
b)

10< N

ag = g = 9.5 m/s 2
v2

vI
0

+ a!J.t

(9.5 m/s 2 )(10 s)

= 95 m/s

2.

Fs

g =m
1830 N
70.0 kg
26.1 N/kg