Unit 8.

Accessing the DB2 Database Using RPG IV

Copyright IBM Corp. 1996, 2000

8-1

Unit Objectives - Accessing the DB2 Database

After completing this unit, you should be able to:
Describe the properties of a physical and logical file List and describe the RPG IV operation codes used for file handling Code RPG IV programs that read and update database files
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DB File Descriptions
Define record formats for physical and logical files

Single record format for physical files One or more record formats for logical files Coded on DDS at levels below (shown highest to lowest): Physical file File Record Field Key Logical file File Record Join Field Key Selection
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DDS Field Reference File

A***************************************************************** A** Field Reference PF: DICTIONARY A***************************************************************** A R REFFMT TEXT( Field Reference File ) : A** Fields Used in Purchase Order Line Item File, POLINE_PF A POLQTYOO 5 0 TEXT( PO Item Quantity On Order ) A COLHDG( Qty Ord ) A POLITMCOST 5 2 TEXT( Item Unit Cost ) A COLHDG( Item Unit Cost ) A POLDATREC 8 0 TEXT( Date Received ) A COLHDG( Date Rec YYYYMMDD ) A POLQTYREC 5 0 TEXT( Item Quantity Received ) A COLHDG( Qty Rec ) A POLSTATUS 1 TEXT( Blank=On Order, C=Complete A D=Delete I=Incomplete ) A COLHDG( PO Ln Sts ) A VALUES( C D I )
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Copyright IBM Corp. 1996, 2000 8-9

DDS - PF/LF
A* A A A A A A A A A A A A
Copyright IBM Corp. 1996, 2000 8-10

PO line item PF:

POLINE_PF REF(DICTIONARY) UNIQUE TEXT( PO Line Item Record )

R POLINE_FMT PONBR R ITMNBR R POLQTYOO R POLITMCOSTR POLDATREC R POLQTYREC R POLSTATUS R K PONBR K ITMNBR

A* A A A A A

PO Open Line Item LF: R POLINE_FMT K PONBR K ITMNBR O POLSTATUS

POOPNLI_LF

TEXT( PO Line Item Record ) PFILE(POLINE_PF) VALUES( D C )

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File Operations
Input Files

Sequential READ SETLL / SETGT READE / READP / READPE Random CHAIN Output Files EXCEPT WRITE Update Files All Operations Above DELETE UPDATE Key Declaration KLIST / KFLD
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Copyright IBM Corp. 1996, 2000 8-13

File Related BIFs and Extenders

BIFs

%Found(FileName) Record Found? %Open(FileName) File open? %Eof(FileName) EOF (or BOF) Reached?

%Equal(FileName) Key match to search argument? %Error E Previous I/O failed?

Operation Extenders

Required with %Error

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Explicit Open and Close

FFileX IF E ** Explicit open of filex C Open (E) ** C If C Read C If C : C : C : C EndIf ** Explicit close of filex C Close (E) ** C Else C Eval C C EndIf ** C EVAL C Return Disk FileX not %Error FileX not %eof UsrOpn

FileX Msg = Problem opening FileX - + Contact Support *inlr = *on

Copyright IBM Corp. 1996, 2000 8-16

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Initial Open at Program Start

FFileX ** C C ** C C C C C ** C C C C ** C C IF E Disk Implicit open of filex : : Explicit close of filex Close (E) FileX If not %error : EndIf : Explicit open of filex Open (E) FileX If not %error : EndIf Implicit close of filex Eval *inlr = *on Return
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Data Can Be Accessed

Externally Described File

by File Name by Record Format Name

Program Described File

by File Name only

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Sequential Processing - READ Example

FFileX ** ** C C C C C ** C C C C C IF E K Disk

Read with file name Read FileX If not %Eof : : EndIf Read with record format name Read Format2 If not %Eof : : EndIf

Copyright IBM Corp. 1996, 2000 8-21

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Random Processing - Writing Records by Key

** Add records to FFileX U F A ** C C C an existing file E K Disk Write (E) FileXFmt If %Error :

** ** Output to a new file ** FFileY O E DISK ** C Write (E) FileYFmt C If %Error C :

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Copyright IBM Corp. 1996, 2000 8-22

Random Processing - WRITE by RRN

FFileY DRrn C C C C C
Copyright IBM Corp. 1996, 2000 8-23

E S

Disk 2

RecNo(Rrn) 0 Inz(0)

: Eval Rrn = Rrn + 1 Write (E) FileYFmt If %error :

<=== Set RRN <=== Write at RRN

FFileY C C C C

Disk : Write (E) FileyFmt If %error :

<=== Write at EOF

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Positioning File Cursor - SETLL Example

FFileX C C C C KEY IF E K Disk

SetLL FileX If %equal Read FileX If not %eof ** Process the record C EndIf C EndIf ** The LOVAL/HIVAL figurative constants can be used to ** position the file cursor for Keyed access C *LOVAL SetLL FileX C If %equal C :
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Random Processing - CHAIN by Key Example

FFileX IF E K Disk ** Chain with file name ** C Key Chain FileX C If %Found(FileX) C :

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Random Processing - Composite Key

** PF: FILEX A A A R FILEXFMT A FLDA A FLDB A DESCRIPT A ACTIVE A FLDC A K FLDA A K FLDB A K FLDC REF(DICTIONARY) UNIQUE TEXT( FILEX Demo File ) R R R R R

** Search key C KeyArg C C C C KeyArg C C KeyArg C ** Process record C C

is composed of (FLDA/FLDB/FLDC) KList KFld FldX KFld FldY KFld FldZ SetLL FileX If %equal Read FileXFmt If %Found(FileX) EndIf EndIf
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Random Processing - CHAIN by RRN Example

FFileY IF E Disk ** ** Chain with file name ** C Rrn Chain FileY C If %Found(FileY) C :

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Sequential Processing - READE Example

FFileX ** C Key C C C C C C C C C C IF E Chain DoW : If Eval Else Eval EndIf : ReadE EndDo K Disk Filex %Found(FileX) CustCode = A ActCust = ActCust + 1 InActCust = InActCust + 1

Key

FileX

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READP / SETGT
FFileX IF E K Disk ** ** Set greater than pointer with file name ** C Key SetGT FileX ** Beginning of File? C DoW not %eof C ReadP FileX ** ** Process the record ** C EndDo

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SETGT/READPE
FFileX IF E K Disk D Key S 5A D Msg S 15A ** C *Entry Plist C Parm Key C Key SetGt FileX ** No record key greater than Key argument. Last group encountered? C If not %Found(FileX) C Key Setll FileX ** C If %Found(FileX) ** Must be at last group - reposition to end of group again C Key SetGt Filex C Endif ** C Endif ** Read records backwards if group exists C If %Found(FileX) C Key ReadPE FileX ** Read group until beginning of group encountered (EOF). C Dow Not %Eof ** Process record C Eval Msg = Field1 + / + Field2 C Msg Dsply *REQUESTER C Key ReadPE FileX C Enddo ** C Endif C Eval *InLR = *ON
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Copyright IBM Corp. 1996, 2000

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UPDATE
FFileX UF ** DTotalSales ** ** C Key C C C C **
Copyright IBM Corp. 1996, 2000 8-38

E S

K Disk 5 0 INZ(0)

Chain If Eval Update EndIf

FileX %Found(FileX) TotalSales = TotalSales + Sales Format1

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DataBase Record Locks

Program can lock only one record per file Locked: Read record for update Released: Update / write record Close file Read another record in same file for update
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Read Update File Without Locking Record

FVendor_PF UF ** C C ** C C ** C C ** C C ** C C E Read (N) If K Disk Vendor_PF Not %Eof

ReadE (N) Vendor_PF If Not %Eof ReadP (N) Vendor_PF If Not %Eof ReadPE(N) Vendor_PF If Not %Eof Chain (N) Vendor_PF If %Found(Vendor_PF)

Copyright IBM Corp. 1996, 2000 8-42

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Releasing a Locked Record

FVendor_PF UF ** C KEY ** C C C ** C
Copyright IBM Corp. 1996, 2000 8-43

E Chain If : Unlock EndIF

K Disk Vendor_PF %Found(Vendor_PF) Vendor_PF

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Considerations When Releasing Locked Record

has record changed since read?

if so, how to detect record change?

use timestamps, flags, record image comparison?

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Copyright IBM Corp. 1996, 2000 8-44

DELETE
FFileX UF E K Disk ** DTotalSales S 5 0 ** ** ** Delete current record based on CHAIN C Key Chain FileX ** C If %Found(FileX) C Delete FileX C EndIF
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** Delete record using file key C Key Delete FileX C If Not %Found(FileX)

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CRTPF/CHGPF Parameters
DLTPCT (*NONE) (deleted-records-threshold-%) ALWDLT* (*YES) (*NO ) (#recs incr. #incr)

REUSEDLT (*NO) (*YES) LVLCHK (*YES) (*NO)

SIZE

WAITFILE (*IMMED) (*CLS) (number-of-seconds) WAITRCD (*IMMED) (*NOMAX) (number-of-seconds) (*YES) (*NO )

EXPDATE* (*NONE) (expiration-date)

Copyright IBM Corp. 1996, 2000 8-48

ALWUPD*

(*YES) (*NO )

SHARE

* CRTPF only
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Unit Summary
Having completed this unit, you should be able to:
Describe the properties of a physical and logical file List and describe the RPG IV operation codes used for file handling Code RPG IV programs that read and update database files
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Copyright IBM Corp. 1996, 2000 8-50