Job Safety Analysis

Definition
A method to review job procedures or practices to identify hazards and subsequently determine appropriate equipment and controls for implementation during performance of the job or task.

Why JSA?
By reviewing job methods and uncovering hazards that:
May have been overlooked in the layout of the lab and in the design of the machinery, equipment, apparatus, workstations and processes; Result of changes in work procedures or personnel; May have developed after work has started

Elements of JSA
1) selecting jobs for analysis; 2) breaking the job into steps; 3) identifying hazards, unsafe conditions and unsafe work practices associated with the steps; and 4) identifying the correct and safe way to perform the steps.

JSA Team
Leader leadership, ensure participation and monitor progress Secretary recording duties Each team member has different insights and experience; this helps in the identification of hazards Collectively, the team has considerable knowledge of the job beings studied. When problems are found, this collective knowledge is used to develop practical and effective solutions Special expertise form FSO, OED, OSHE, etc

JSA Approaches
Observation method
JSA team observes the staff performing the job Not an inspection/audit

Discussion method
Several staff who perform the job provide input on job steps and hazards

Recall and check method

Staff does his own JSA using recollection of the job

Comparison
Observation Discussion method method
Stimulates ideas & creativity Helps the group to learn Encourages of ideas Pools experience & Ideas Improves acceptance

Recall & check method

Flexibility Only used when other tow methods is feasible

Selecting the Job

Jobs with the worst accident history have priority and should be analyzed first
Frequency of Accidents, a job has repeatedly caused accidents is a candidate for JSA. Rate of Disabling Injuries. Every job that has disabling injuries should be given a JSA Severity Potential. Some jobs may not have a history of accidents but may have the potential for a severe injury.

Breaking the Job Down

Select the right worker to observe.
Experienced, capable and cooperative staff who is willing to share ideas Observe other staff to compare differences Explain the purpose and benefits of the JSA to the staff

Observe the employee perform the job

Recording/Videotaping To determine the basic steps ask the following: what step starts the job? what is the next basic step?

Breaking the Job Down

Number the job steps consecutively in the first column of the JSA Each step should tell what is done, not how it is done. Action verbs like insert, open, pick up, turn on To include every step from beginning to end

Identify Hazards
Identify all hazards involved with each step Inherent hazards Machine/Apparatus/tools hazards Chemical, biological and radioactive hazards Handling of tools/apparatus hazards

Examples of Hazards
Impact with a falling or flying object. Penetration of sharp objects. Caught in or between a stationary/moving object. Falls from an elevated work platform, ladders or stairs. Excessive lifting, twisting, pushing, pulling, reaching, or bending. Exposure to vibrating power tools, excessive noise, cold or heat, or harmful levels of gases, vapors, liquids, fumes, or dusts. Repetitive motion. Electrical hazard. Light (optical) radiation (i.e., welding operations, laser surveying, etc.). Water (potential for drowning or fungal infections caused by wetness).

Sequence Equipment Handling Chemical, Environm & tools hazards biological ental of Basic hazards & Job Steps hazards radioactive hazards

Develop Solutions
Find a new way to do the job Change the physical conditions that create the hazards (PPE) Change the work procedure Reduce the frequency of job or task (job rotation)

JSA Template
JSA examples

Benefits of JSA
Giving individuals training in safe and efficient work procedures Making employee safety contacts Preparing for planned safety observations Intrusting new worker on the job Giving pre-job instruction of irregular jobs Reviewing job procedures after accident occurs Studying jobs for possible improvements in job methods Identifying what safeguards need to be in place Supervisors learn about job they supervise Employee participation in workplace safety Reduced absenteeism Lowered workers compensation costs Increased productivity Positive attitudes about safety

Two common errors

The job-step breakdown too detailedunnecessarily large number of job steps The job-step breakdown too generalimportant steps go unrecognized

Conclusion