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Effects of Porosity and Slag Former Amount on Rate of Heating-up Reduction of Self-fluxed Pellet
Author(s)
Citation
Issue Date
1993-01-29
Doc URL
http://hdl.handle.net/2115/42331
Right
Type
bulletin (article)
Additional Information
1624
BulletinoftheFactiltyofEngineering
IlokkaidoUniversityNo621992
EffectsofPorosityaRdSlagFormerAmountonRateof
HeatingupReductionofSelffluxedPellet JalilVAHDATIlgIAKIYoshiakiKAsHlwAyA
andKuniyoshHSHII
ReceivedSeptember81992
Abstract
Sixkindsofselffluxedpelletswereusedinheatingunupreductionexperimentsltwas
fodthatthereducibilityofpelletincreasedwlththeincreaseofporosityincreaseofCaO
SiO2anddecreaseofslagformeramountStartingtemperatureofslagflowingout
decreasedwithincreaseofslagformeramountandsinteringtemperatureandincreasedwith
theincreaseofporosityIftheoriginalcharacteristicsofpelletsporositysinteringtemper
atureandslagfonnerainountareknownthenstartingtemperatureofsiagflowingunotttcan
becalculatedundercertainexperimentalconditionsltwasalsofoundthattheshrinkage
wascontrolledbythereductionrateathightemperatureover00eOC
irodLucio
Inregardwithblastfurnaceoperationthereducibilityofironoreisanimportant
parameterwhichinfluencesitsefficiencyandoperatingprocessesOntheotherhandthe
reductionofironoreisaffectedbyalotoffactorsrelatedtoitschemicalcomposition physicalpropertiesandmicrostructuralaspects
Manyinvestigationshaverecentlybeenmadetorevealthefactorsinfluencingthe
reductionofironoreSomeofthesefactorsrelatedtochemicalcompositioRofironore
whichincludedSiO2contentirm5CaOcontent36lVlgOcontent3ffA1203content278and
potassiumcontent392Effectsofsulphurcontentinthereducinggasi3m4andparticlesize ofironorei5havealsobeenstudied
Inthisstudyheatingupreductionunderloadexperimentswerecarriedouttisingsix
kindsofselffluxedpelletsandCON2mixtureasreducinggasTheeffectsofporosity sinteringtemperatureslagformeramountsumofweightpercentofCaOSiO2A1203and
MgOandbasicityCaOSiO2onreducibilityofpelletanditsbehaviourinhightemperature
regionwerestudied
2Methodanaeitias
AscheineofexperimentalapparatususedinthisstudyisshowninFig1Thefurnace usedwasaverticaloneequippedwithsixSiCheatingeeinentsandanaluminareactiontube
274
alilVAHIATIKHAKIYoshiaklKASIHWAYAandKuniyoshiISHI
lnfraredGaslySr
ialGauge
Pressure Traser
TC
seR
CoPuter
t13ssFiesCentrellei
Fig1Aschemeofexperimentalapparatus
42mm1Dand100emmLandcontrolledbyaSCRpowerregulatorTakingXmray picturesandalsorecordingofvideotapeofsamplesweremadeinthecourseofreduction
experimentusingXraysystemThereducinggaswaspreparedbymixingeachcomponent
gaswhoseflowratewaspreciselycontrolledbythethermalmassflowcontrollerv3FC
COandCO2contentsoftheoutletgaswereanalysedusingtherespectiveinfraredgas
analysersThetotalflowrateofoutletgaswasmeasuredbyawetgasvolumeterA
constantloadof1kgfcm2whichadjustedbysteelballswasappliedonthesamplesinall
experimentsTheexpansionandshrinkageofthesampleswasdetectedbyanelectricaldial
gaugeasthedisplacementofasilicarodsettingtothetopofsamplebedThepressuredrop
betweentheinletandoutletgaswasalsocontinuouslymeasuredusingapressuretransducer
Alldatafromthermocouplesdialgaugetediiatomter
T
pressuretransducerwetgasvolumeter
itulllziHl
andinfraredgasanalysersweresampled
byamicrocomputer
Fig2showsaschemeofgraphitecru
St
lunslorfoiiid
sgdCoke
cibleinwhichsixpelletsofalmostsame
size11215mmindiameterwereplaced
ge
S3mpie
Sideplate AAe
r
11
Coke Crucible
Graphite
OD36mm
D23
HGmm
oider
ofpelletcolumnforuniformloading
Thusthepelletsweresurroundedbycar
Themocouple
bonaceousmaterialsTheuniformflow
ofreducinggaswasalsomadepossible
Fig2Graphitecrucibleassembly
EffectsofPorosityandSlagFormerAmountonRateof
HeatingupReductionofSelffluxedPellet
275
through72holesofe8mmindiameteratthebottomofthegraphitecrucible
Inallheatingmtipreductionexperimentsunderloadthesampleswereheatedina
nitrogenatmosphereupto20eeCfromwhichthenitrogenwaschangedtoreducinggasofa givenflowrateandcompositioRHeatingupwasstartedwiththerateof10eCminand
continueduptomeltingmdownofthepelletsTotalflowrateofreactiongaswas200ecrr3
miRSTPandthecompositionwas30volOeCOand70volOoN2table1
Table1Experimentalconditions
Cascomposition
Gasflowrate
30volOCO70voloN2
2eOONccmin
loeCmin
11gfcm2
Heatingrate
Load
Temperaturerange
200OCmeltingrrdown
TherateofreductionRDRwascalculatedfromthemassbalanceofoxygenoftheinlet
andoutletgasaccordingtoEq1
RDRminiCO2COCO2CO2i160e22414O1
WhereOistheamountofreducibleoxygenginsixpelletsCOandCO2represent
themassflowrateofrespectivegaswhichwereanalysedbyinfraredgasanalysersThe
reductiondegreeTRDateachtimewasalsocalculatedbysummationofRDRfromthe
beginningofreductionexpressedasEq2
TRD2RDRAt2
TheoresusedinthisstudyweresixkindsofselffluxedpelletsThechemicalcomposi
tionandphysicalpropertiesofpelletsaregivenintable2lnordertohavespecified
porositieseachtypeofpelletswassinteredatadifferenttemperatureThesamplesBa
BbandBrmchadthesamechemicalcompositionsandslagfomaeramountsanddifferent
porositiesThepelletsABbandDwereatthealmostsameporositiesandbasicitiesbut
differentslagformeramountsTheporosityandtheslagformeramounteftypesCandD
werealmostequalandbasicitywasdifferent
Table2Chemicalcompositionandphysicalpropertiesofselfrmfluxedpellets
Sample
TFe
Chemicalcompositionw
Sagfomer
CaOSio
@
Sintering
?
Porosity
@
FeO
033
Sio2
238
A1203
086
CaO
336
MgO
106
iwt
A
a
6399
766
141
1220 1300
B C
b
C
5960
217
421
176
585
213
395
L39
127 139
1265
1250
5586
240 054
626 625
244 234
797 866
323 267
990
1265
1294
2496 2528
5489
1992
XNSIagformeramountSiO2A1203YCaOHMgO
276
JaliVAHDATIKHAKYoshiakiKAsHIWAYAandKuniyoshiIsHII
3esutsdiscscssOR
ReductionrateRDRofpelletwascalculatedinthecourseofheatingupreductionby oxygenbalancebasedonflowratesofCOandCO2ofinletandoutletThereductiondegree
TRDwasalsocalculatedateachtimebysummationofRDRfronnthebeginningof
reductionThecurvesofreductiondegreeTRDofallsixkindsofpelletsareplotted agaiiisttemperatureandshowninFig3Generallywholereductionprocessmayroughly
beclassifiedintotworegionsof agasrmsolidreactionperiodinlowtemperaturesand
bgasmsolidrmliquidreactionperiodinhightemperature
10e
A
8e
@Bb
D
@Ba
0
8 9
60
eeee b
@Bc
340
ar20
e 20e
s
ze
4eg6gosoolooo12ge14ee16so
Teraperaturec
Fig3Reductioncurvesofsixkindsofpellets
TheregionaislessthanleeOOCandtheslopeofcurveortherateofreductionincreases
continuouslyThentheregionbisapartabove100eCandtheslopeofTRDcurve
graduallydecreaseswhichiscausedfromtheclosingofporebyformationofliquidslag
insidethepellet
Inthefirstregionathereducibilityofpelletscanbecomparedamongdifferentkinds ofpelletslncomparisonwithBrmaBrmbandBcwhichareofthesamechemicalcomposi
tionanddifferentporositythereducibilityofpelletincreaseswithincreasingofporosity
SampleBaofthelowestporosityhasthelowestreducibilityinallstudiedpelletsCompar ingpelletsABrmbandDwhicharealmostofthesameporosityandbasicityanddifferent
slagformeramountsampleAofthelowestslagformeramountandthehighesthematite
contenthasthehighestreducibilityamongtheallsixkindsofpelletsPelletsCandDhave
thesameslagformeramouRtandporosityanddifferentbasicityCaOSiO2FromTRD
curvesofthesetwokindsofsamplesbasicityalsoshowsapositiveeffectonreducibilityof
pelletwhenthebasicityincreasesfrorn127inpelletCto139inpelletD
IRhightemperatureregionbthereisareductionretardatienperiodinallcasesatthe
beginningoftheregionwhichisrelatedtosinteringofmetallicshellatthesurfaceand
EffectsofPorosityandSlagFormerAmountonRateof
HeatingupReductionofSelffluxedPellet
277
formationofmeltinsidethepelletThereductionretardationperiodisfollowedbyconsid
10
sTFnT7
10 2G 30
ww @Bc
an40
ite
b
@D
M
Q
c5
5C
L 60
tK
79 80 ge lOO 800
900
1oooee12001300
TemperatureC
1400
1500
Fig4Variationsofshrinkageofpelletsduringheatingup
Fig4showsthediagramsofshrinkageofthebedofpelletsinthecourseofheatingup
reductionataheatingrateof10CRiinforallsixkindsofpelletsAninitialsHght
expansionofsampleswasobservedwhichturnedtotheshrinkageastheheatingupancl
reductionproceededTherewasanabruptshrinkagebefore1200eCduetoformationof
moltenslagwithinthepelletslntheother
10
TTrrrTun
@Ba
U1
wordsshrinkagewasfastduringreduction
retardationperiodFlowingoutofmolten
primaryslagfromabout1300Cattheendof
10
AX
w
m
L
l
ll
l ll
2e
ab
recluceionretardationperiodwasac
companiedbyslowshrinkingofthesamples
Finallyanotherabruptshrinkagewasobser vedover1400OCbecauseofmeltingdownof
30
@Bc
40 so
@D
t N
l
ll N
metallicironComparingtheshrinkagedia
gramsofsamplesBaBbandBmcthe
60
70 80 90 1ee
temperatureatwhichcoRtractionofthebed
startsdecreasesbyincreaseofporositylt
isnoticeablethathigherporosityofpelletled
9
Figro
tohigherreductiondegreeltisalsofound
20406esoloo ReductiondegreeZ
Shrinlagevsreductiondegreeofpellets
fromFig3thathigherporosityresultsin
278
JalilVAHDATIKHAKIYoshiakiKAsHlwAYAandKuniyoshiISHII
lowershrinkagestartingtemperatureFromthesefactsitisconsideredthatthereduction degreeisoneoftheshrinkagecontrollingfactorsathightemperatureregionThatismore
clearinFig5inwhichshrinlageofsamplesisplottedagainstTRDlnthefirstabrupt
shrinkageregiontheslopeofthecurvesisalmostthesamethatistheratioofshrinkage
ratetoreductionrateisalmostsameSointhattemperatureregionover100eeCitis
consideredthattheshrinkageiscontrolledbyreductionprocess
Abovementionedhightemperatureover1000Cpropertiesofpelletcanbeclassified intofourcharacteristictemperaturesasfollows
1temperatureatwhichshrinlagestartsexpansionchangestoshrinkage 2temperatureatwhichformationofmeltstarts
3startiltgtemperatureofflowingoutofmoltenslag
4startingtemperatureofmeltingdownofmetalliciron
Siagforeroun
111519
i400FAFoOoaLoOo
1350
6070eDSOIDO
1300 o o o o o
o
1250
oo
o
co
t200
3545556575
OooO
oS
o
o e
1150
PrimarvsEag
meltingtemp
oo
loc
354e455g55
o
o
oo
o o
o
tooo
o 900 sgo
Shriiikagestarttemp
20222426
Porosity
e o 20242g3236f290t23e1260f290t320
TRDXSinteringtempC
Fig6EffectsofslagformeramountsinteringtemperatureporosityandTRDonhigh
temperatureproperties
Fig6showstheeffectsofporosityslagformeramountsinteringtemperatureand
reductiondegreeTR9onthesehightemperaturepropertiesofpelletBasedonFicr3and
Fig6themeltingtemperatureofprimaryslagisaffectedbyreductiondegreewhichis relatedtoporosityandslagformeramountSamplesAandBrmaofthehighestandlowest
reducibilityhadthelowestandthehighestmeltingtemperatureofprimaryslagrespectively
Thetotalreductiondegreesatthistemperaturewerethehighest5220oandthelowest350o
amongallsix1indsofpelletsforAandBarespectiveiyThistemperaturealsoincreases
byincreaseofthetemperatureatwhichthesamplewassinteredduringpreparationprocess Thetemperatureatwhichflowingmoutofslagoccursdependsonporosityslagformer
EffectsofPorosityandSlagFormerAmountonRateof
HeatingupReductionofSelfrmfluxedPeHet
279
amountsinteringtemperatureandreducibilityofpelletThistemperatureincreaseswith theiRcreaseofporosityanddecreasesbyincreasingofslagformeramountaRdsintering
temperatureBecausethepelletofhigherporosityhasmorecapacityforholdiRgofmolten
slagandlargerporeskeepsthemoltenslagfromflowingoutatlowertemperature
Moreoverthethickermetallicshellatthesurfaceofpelletinthecaseofhigherreducibility
duetohigherporosityresistsagainstflowingoutofmoltenslagandcausestoanincrease
ofthistemperatureThereforeataconstantheatingrateandcompositionofreducinggas startingtemperatureofslagflowingoutmaybeconsideredasafunctionofporosityslag
formeramountandsinteringtemperatureTheamountofsmeltingreductiondecreases
withincreaseofstartingtemperatureofslagflowingoutTfandincreaseofreducibilityof
pelletFig3whichisdesirableinblastfurnaceoperationlnpelletAofthehighest
reducibilityandthehighestTfonly380oofreducibleoxygenwasremovedthroughsmelting reductionWhileinpelletBaofthelowestreducibilityandthelowestTf660oof
reducibleoxygenwasreducedinsmeltingreductionprocess
FromtheseresultsitwasfoundthatthestartingtemperatureofslagflowingoutTfis
afunctionofslagformeramouRtSFAsinteringtemperatureTsandporosityEUsinga
multiperegressionanalysismethodEq3wasfoundforcalculationofTfstartingtempera
tureofslagflowingrmout
TfSFATsE
Ti313SFA362Ts2872E6996
3
Where
Variabes
TrstartingtemperatureofslagflowoutOC SFAslagformeramountinpellet
SFAOoSiO2CaOOoA1203OovlgO100
TssinteringtemperatureofpelletC
Einitialporosityofpellet
Conditions
ReducinggasN230volOoCO
CaOSiO2ofpellet4
Heatingrate10OCmin
TfisrecalculatedformEq3andcomparedwithexperimentaldatainFig7forallsix
kindsofpelletThereisagoodagreementbetxrvreencalculationandexperimentlnorder tochecktheaccuracyofthismodelexperimentalresultsofpreviousstudiesperformedby
otherresearcherswerecomparedwithcalculationfrompresentmodelintable3lnthose
studiestheexperimentalconditionsandCaOSiO2ofpelletwerethesameaspresentwork
28e
JalilVAIIDATI11IAKIYoshiakiKASHIWAYAandKuniyoshilsm
1350
oExperimentdata
1330
ACalculation
p p
o
E
t31e
12SO
o
an
Q
1270
125G
12gO1230126012SO1320
SineingemC
Fig7Comparisonbetweenexperimentdataandmodelcaicuiation
Table3Comparisonbetweenpreviousstudiesandmodel
caiculationofTr
PrevOUswork
Expernelltaidata
CalCulatlOdaa
13142C 13024C
KOndoea
Takahashi
308DC 1312C
SKondoKlshiiandYKashiwaya
lxiTTakahashiprivatecommunication
4COCUS0
Reducibilityofironoreanditshightemperaturebehaviourareaffectedbyitsoriginal
characteristicsandhaveaRiinportantinfluenceonblastfurnaceoperationUsingsixkinds ofselffluxedpelletsheatingupreductionexperimentswereperformedTherelationships
betweenreducibilityandhightemperaturepropertiesofpelletwerestudiedResults
obtainedareasfollows
1Thereducibilityofpelletwasaffectedbyitsoriginalcharacteristicsandincreasedwith
theincreaseofporosityandthedecreaseofslagformeramouRtAlsointhecaseof constantporosityandslagformeramountreducibilityincreasedasthebasicityincreased
from127to139
2StartingtemperatureofslagflowingoutTfwhichwasrelatedtocapacityofpellet
forholdingthemeltdecreasedwiththeincreaseofslagformeramountandincreasedwith
theincreaseofporosityThistemperaturealsodecreasedwithincreasingofsintering
temperatureofpellet 3Meltingdowntemperatureofpelletincreasedwiththeincreaseofporosity
4Athightemperaturesover0eOeCshrinkagewascontrolledbyreductionreaction
Effectsof1orosityandSlagFormerAmountonRateof
IleatingupReductionofSeffluxedPellet
281
5StartkigtemperatureofslagflowingrmoutTfcould1econsideredasafunctionof
perosityslagformeramotmtandsinteringteinperatureAtcertainexperiinentalcondi
tionsthistemperaturefordifferent1indsofpelletsceuldbecalculatedfromEq3
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