Measurements of the different parameters are as fellow

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CALIBRATION OF LINE LENGTH STANDARD 1. Scope

This procedure describes the calibration of Line Length Standard.

2. Principle Of The Method

Line Length Standard can be calibrated by Direct Comparison Method with Master Length Standard. Generally the length is transferred from the known master length standard by systematic inter comparison procedure.

3. Sample Requirements
The Line length standard is visually and mechanically inspected for damage, wear and tear. Ensure that the type, the measuring range and specifications are appropriate for calibration.

4. Materials
i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. Line Length Standard DIN 866/A, (0 to 1 000 mm.) Magnifying Glass Level, Fixing Tape Lint free cloth Cotton Leveled Surface

5. Equipment And Calibration

Line Length Standard should be within valid calibration period having traceability to International/National Standard of Length Measurement.

6. Setting Up And Checking

Line Length Standard should be visually inspected for any obvious defect that could affect its accuracy. If any discrepancies are noted (out of tolerance conditions) discontinue calibration and refer to Technical Manager.

7. Environmental Condition

Maintain the environmental conditions according to the specifications given below: Temperature: Humidity: 23C 5C 50 % rh 20 % rh

8. Interferences
Thermal Expansion Effects the measurement therefore, Temperature is controlled to avoid expansion.

9. Procedure
i. ii. Take the Master Line Length Standard and the line length standard under calibration. Compare the Length Standard to the Master Standard using Magnifying Glass at different intervals to ensure that points at 1 % , 5 % , 10 % , 25 %, 50 % , 75 % , and 100 % of the full length of the Standard are covered . Compare the Line Length Standard under calibration and the Standard to assure that these points satisfy the acceptance criteria. Record the data, if the Line Length Standard satisfies the criteria. If not, mark the Line Length as unacceptable and inform Incharge Calibration and initiate actions to determine the reason for discrepancies.

iii. iv.

Note :

The above procedure is repeated by three different operators for the verification / validation of method and uncertainty of measurement.

10. Recording Results

The results from the measurements are reported in the calibration certificate. The calibration data is maintained in the notebook and the relevant operator is responsible for that data. The technical content comprises the following: i. ii. iii. iv. v. measurement A clear identification of the items subjected to The measurement range covered by the calibration; Relevant environmental conditions; Standard or other specification relevant to the procedure Evaluation of the uncertainty in measurement associated

used. with the results.

11. Calculations

Nominal Value True Value = Error

12. Quality Assessment
Annual certification records from International / National Physical and Standard Laboratory are maintained for quality control purposes. The certification information is documented on the Reference Standard List (RFStd 03)

13. Performance Characteristics (Uncertainty)

13.1. Uncertainty Type A
No. of observations = n Observed Value / Nominal Value = x Mean ( x ) = x n Standard Deviation = S.D. = Uncertainty Type A = UA =

(xx)2 n-1 S.D. n

13.2. Uncertainty Type B

13.2.1. Combined Uncertainty of Standard (U B1) The source of this component is the calibration certificate of the standard. The expanded uncertainty given in the certificate of the standard is divided by the coverage factor (k) to obtain the uncertainty contribution (Combined Uncertainty of Standard) for this component. Normally k = 2, as confidence level is 95% in most of the cases. 13.2.2. Uncertainty due to Resolution of UUC (U B2) Uncertainty due to resolution of UUC is obtained by apply rectangular distribution to of the resolution of UUC 13.2.3. Uncertainty due to Accuracy of Standard (U B3) This Uncertainty component is based on the error of the standard as mentioned in its calibration certificate. The error E of the standard for any particular reading R is divided by the reading R itself. This gives the magnitude of this uncertainty component and we apply rectangular distribution to this magnitude to obtain the uncertainty contribution due to accuracy of the standard. 13.2.4. Drift of Standard (U B4) Uncertainty contribution due to drift of the standard is obtained by determining the difference of Combined Uncertainties from the previous and present calibration certificates. In this case the distribution is normal (k=1). On the other hand the expanded uncertainty can also act as the magnitude for this component and the uncertainty contribution can be obtained by applying rectangular distribution. 13.2.5. Uncertainty due to Offset or Lead Error of UUC (U B5) The lead error or offset is obtained by short circuiting the test leads with each other. The value displayed by the UUC as offset or lead error will act as the magnitude of this component while the uncertainty contribution can be obtained by applying rectangular distribution.

13.2.6. Uncertainty Analysis (Uncertainty Budget- Example)

Source of Uncertainty Combined uncertainty of standard (U B1 ) Uncertainty due to resolution of UUC (U B2 ) Uncertainty due to accuracy of standard (U B3 ) Drift of Standard (U B4) Uncertainty due to offset or lead error of UUC (U B5 ) Uncertainty Type A (U A) Combined uncertainty (U C ) Expanded uncertainty (U E) (k Magnitude -- units -- units -- units -- units -- units -- units Method of Evaluation Type B Type B Type B Type B Type B Type A Distribution Normal (k = 1) Rectangular Rectangular Rectangular Rectangular -Sensitivity Coefficient 1 1 1 1 1 -Uncertainty Contribution -- units -- units -- units -- units -- units -- units -- units -- units

= 2, representing approximately a 95 % level of confidence)

Where Combined Uncertainty = UC = UA2 + UB2 Expanded Uncertainty = U = 2 x UC (The Reported Expanded Uncertainty multiplied by a coverage factor k= 2, providing a level of confidence of approximately 95 %)

14. Reports
The calibration data is presented in the form of calibration certificates. The original certificates are handed over to the clients and the other copies are maintained as record in locked file cabinets. Only authorized personnel have the access to the files.

15. Safety
i. Clean the Master Line Length Standard after use with lint free paper or cloth. ii. Always ensure that both the Length Standard and work piece have stabilized to ambient temperature before measurements are taken. iii. Thermal Expansion effects the measurement therefore; Temperature is controlled to avoid expansion.

16. Site Use

For performing On-site calibration on the request of the client, to ensure the safety precaution, the apparatus is calibrated before and after leaving the laboratory, so that no wear and tear is occurred.

17. References
i. Calibration of Gauge Block Comparators, EAL-G 21, Aug. 1996. ii. Dimensional Measurements, NIST Calibration Services, June 1999. iii. United Kingdom Accreditation Service (UKAS), M 3003, The Expression of Uncertainty and Confidence in Measurement iv. Expression of Uncertainty of Measurement in Calibration, EA-4/02, Dec. 1999.
Evaluation of Uncertainty for Basic Lab. Measuring Equipments, Allen Rowley Associates U.K., 2001