EFFECTS OF BULLYING IN THE SCHOOL PREFORMANCE OF BENIGNO AQUINO HIGH SCHOOLS STUDENTS: BASIS FOR COUNSELING INTERVENTION

An Undergraduate Thesis Proposal Presented to the Faculty of Psychology University of Makati

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Psychology

By: Castaeda, Aillien B. Cope, Erold Z. Gumangan, Rochel Mae L. Lumbang, Gennica Jilyn S. Pancho, Ma. Jesusa S.

III-C Psychology

Second Semester: AY 2012-2013

CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction Under the House Bill No. 2630, introduced by Hon. Christopher S. Co., Rodel M. Batacabe and Alfredo A. Garbin Jr. its an act mandating schools, colleges and universities to create an anti-Bullying policy n their institutions. It is enacted by the senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in congress assembled. This is also known as the Anti-Bullying School of 2010 Many children of this days go home with some bruises, abrasions and other kind of physical abuse from a bully at school, others would always find a reason why not to go to school or wanted to transfer to somewhere else. This can be alarming for the number of bullied kids these days are raising. Even though that some bullied kids used that experience as an inspiration, it can still stay on them permanently and not all of them are able to rise up and defend themselves and that would lead them to feel inferior and the feel of uselessness. Not only is the bullied kid the focus of our research, it also include those bullies. We are concern to them because we know that they also have some problems that cause them to bully a person. Those kids also need attention and someone to listen in all the things they have to say. They might be suffering from a family problem and the only way to release that too much aggression is to make other people miserable. They want to make them feel what they felt and maybe get noticed.

The rates of bullying during the high school days are lesser than in elementary but the way of the bully in bullying someone is worst in high school. The reason of it is that the high school years is when the identity of a person was being build up, once the self-esteem of a person was ruined by someone, it can leave a mark that can hunt that person in the rest of his life. It is better to give a helping hand to those bullies and bullied as early as possible by means of intervention and counseling because when they reach college, a whole new world awaits them and certain adjustment must be done so its better to be confident when facing different chapters in their lives. As a psychology student, we aim to know how hard it is to be bullied. We want to know everything about bullying so that we are able to cope up with their situation. The problem about bullying is a serious issue that should be solved and be laid focus on for those children is in need of a person that can understand them and ready to offer a helping hand. We would like to share our studies to them and to some teachers so that the problem of bullying can be lessen and those bullied kids would enjoy their school days and will never find a way on not to like to go to school and socialize.

Background of the Study Long before, bullying is not a major concern to the society because the people those days are not aware of the possible effects of bullying to a child. Then until a Swedish researcher named Dan Olweus, a psychology professor at

the university of Bergen in Norway, completed the first large-scale, scientific study of bully/victim problems among school children and youth that the public was alerted to the magnitude of the problem. He had his study published with the title Aggression in the Schools: Bullies and Whipping Boys. This study of his opened the eye of the people about bullying and now, helped to have a slow but steady development regards to bullying. When regards to our selected school. BNAHS was our Alma matter so we are already aware that bullying do happen at that school based on our 4 yeas of stay there. The school was not able to come up with the exact number of the reports at bullying because the problem with bullying was not able to reach the higher office for the cause of they prefer to solve it inside the classroom. We dont say that it only happen there minimally, its such that the guidance councilor said to us we only happen to have a record of those being bullied physically, other concerns are mostly solve by the adviser of the class. That is why our challenge is to make them be heard. We are ready to listen to them and give help and advice to make them see that our aim for their own good also. Theoretical Framework Harry Stack Sullivan, Albert Bandura and Alfred Adler are the persons who proposed the theories that would guide us on our study. Sullivan has

formulated the Interpersonal Theory at the year 1929, Banduras Social Learning Theory was proposed on the year 1952 and Adlers Individual Psyc hology at 1911. Harry StackSullivan wrote in his theory that we see ourselves in three basic ways: the bad-me, the-good me and the not-me. The bad-me represents those aspects of the self that are considered negative and are therefore hidden from others and possibly even by the self. It develops when interactions are disappointing, upsetting, or anxiety-provoking. The good-me is everything we like about ourselves, in interactions that are rewarding and fulfilling. It represents the part that we share with others and that we often choose to focus on because it produces no anxiety. The not-me represents all those things that are so anxietyprovoking that we cannot even consider them as part of us. Doing so would definitely create anxiety which we spend our lives trying to avoid. Albert Bandura state about the effect of modeling, it is illustrated in aggression, moral adjustment and delay of gratification. Aggression is when the children is exposed to aggressive models, they tend to respond to frustration with considerable aggression. Meanwhile, equally frustrated children who have observed models displaying inhibited behavior are relatively less aggressive and tend to match the behavior of this other model. Direct training through reward, aversive stimulation, and other disciplinary procedures play a vital role in shaping and maintaining patterns of social behavior. The moral adjustment reinforces patterns that play a vital role in the development of self control. Positive reinforcement increases the frequency of aggressive response. The delay of

gratification is determined by the expected outcome as seen in direct personal experiences of models such as parents, peers, and self-reactions.

Conceptual Framework Input Students profile Family background Academic standing Types of friends Peer Relationship School performance Process Self-made test Observation process Output Gain self confidence Positive outlook in themselves Lessen shyness lessen the absentees Gain positive attitude Counseling Intervention

Feedback loop The input contains the leading variables regarding about the respondents informations at school. It includes the profile of the respondents, academic standings and informations from his/her classmates and teachers. The second frame contains the methods and procedures to be used to analyze those variables by making a psychological test, conducting interview, and the use of our counseling skills.

The third frame is the output. It contains the possible attitudes and personality the respondents might gain throughout the research. Those might help them in seeing the positive outlook of life.

Statement of the Problem 1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of: 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. Gender Socio-economic status Age Sectioning

2. What is the profile of the respondent in terms of school performance: 2.1. Academic grade 2.2. Attendance 2.3. Extracurricular activities 3. What forms of bullying being experience by the respondents: 3.1. 3.2. 3.3. Physical Verbal Social Alienation

Hypothesis Question: Is there any significant difference in the school performance of a bullied student from those who are not being bullied?

Scope and Delimitation In studying about bullying, the researchers needed the help of the third year school students of Benigno Ninoy S. Aquino High School or better know by the students there as BNAHS. Those selected sections are enough to cover the studies and their knowledge about bullying is matured enough but still on the confused state. The researchers conduct a personality test for those students who show a disturbance in the proposed test. The test was conducted by us is a personality test to recognize the students who will be their main subject. The researchers had experience delimitation on the number of respondents available and the period of time to gather the needed data. Because of a long process in accepting the request for us to conduct the study at their school, we ran out of time on when we should be available at the time. We also had a problem on selecting how many respondents. Significance of the Study Our study about bullying can contribute a lot on the field of psychology and education. Its such that the issue about bullying is timeless as long as there is a student studying on the school, there will always be a bully to pick on a weaker man.

The possible solution that we can see in this problem is to understand those bullies and try to see why they are doing such harsh stuff to their fellow students. Those bullied kids would also need the help of others; they need to stand up for themselves because no one can help them most but themselves. A lot of people will benefit onour research. The number one on our list is the victims of bullies. They can gain some inspirational thoughts and they can also relate to the study itself. The other one would be the teachers. They are always surrounded with students who might have a problem with a bully, as a student they will run to a teacher for a possible solution to their problem so those teachers must be knowledgeable on the situation of his/her student. The contribution of our research to the field of knowledge is on how to handle a bully. Not every bullied kid is able to stand up for themselves so we will help them along the way. They will know the proper way to confront their problem in a non violent way.

DEFINITION OF TERMS For better understanding and interpretation of this study, the following terms are operationally defined. Alienation - diversion to another purpose. It is one of the negative feelings that a bullied kid feels. They are being alienated from the other people for they dont want to get involve in their situation.

Anxiety - condition of mental uneasiness arising from fear of solicitude. Most bullied kids feel anxious because of the awful things that the bullies do to them. Bully the one who domineers by insolence or threats. These people are those who engage on bullying. They are the one who want to feel dominated towards other people. Bullying - an act when someone keeps doing or saying things to have power over another person. It is when a certain person is making a person miserable or doing some certain things to irritate or hurt that person they want to feel dominated. Covert - not openly practiced, avowed, engaged in, accumulated, or shown. Most of the bullied kids are coverted to the other people and they are usually not open when it comes with conversation. Depression - the act of being depress. Its an act of being down because of negative emotions drawn from a bad experience. Gender- is a range of characteristics of femininity and masculinity.

Depending on the context, the term may refer to such concepts as sex (as in the general state of being male or female),social roles (as in gender roles) or gender identity.
Harassment - the act of harassing. Those bullies like harassing their victims for the more they harass them, they often feel satisfied.

Intimidation - the use of threats or violence to influence the actions of another. A way of what a bully wants his victim to feel. Physical bullying in terms of being physical abuse by their classmates or some other people. Social alienation is when people avoid him/her in getting involved to some group discussion. Socio-economic status- (SES) is an economic and sociological

combined total measure of a person's work experience and of an individual's or familys economic and social position in relation to others, based on income, education, and occupation.
Teacher bullying is when the teacher itself are the one who is intimidating his/her students

Verbal bullying by being teased by other people, calling them names or keeping them down when they try to achieve something

Abbreviations BNAHS-Benigno Ninoy Aquino High School DSWD-Department of Social Welfare and Development