vk/kqfud thouklkBh

FkksMD;kr xhrkKku
o v/;kRe

FOR PRIVATE CIRCULATION ONLY

vk/kqfud thouklkBh
FkksMD;kr xhrkKku
Ok v/;kRe
vktdky lxGst.k v/;kReiklwu nwj jkgrkr dkj.k R;kapk pqfdpk
let vkgs dh v/;kRekus kiafpd lq[k lairs] ek.kql fuf"; gksrks] gk
fo"k; vo?kM dkyck] Egkrk;k yksdakpk ok daVkGok.kk vkgs- i.k
v/;kRe gs izxr o ;'kLoh kkL= vkgs gs vktdkypsp 'kkL=K ekurkrvk/kqfud txkr T;k leL;k >kY;k vkgsr R;krwu QDr v/;kRep ekxZ
nsowu okpow 'kdsy- Lor%pk o ;k fo okP;k eqGkpk kks/k ?ksr kakrh o
R;k;ksxs lokZaxh.k mUurh vkf.k vkjksX; ns.kkjs gs Kku R;sdkus ?ks.ks xjtsps
vkgs- ;k kkL=kpk okij loZlkekU; thou txrkuk djrk ;srksokLrfod v/;kRe ygkui.kkiklwup f'kdk;yk gos- uez o ldkjkRed
fopkjkaph lo; tso<h yodj ykxsy rso<s pkaxys- ,dk osGh ,dp dke
o ,dp fopkj v';k ,dkxzrspk Qk;nk 'ksoVi;Zar gksrksloZlkekU;kauk FkksMD;kr letsy ,o<k vFkZ lksik djrkauk ewG 'kCnkaps]
'yksdkaps vFkZ FkksMsls osxGs okVrhy i.k R;kapk efrrkFkZ rksp vkgsvFkkZrp vf/kd vH;klklkBh okpdkauh brj= Kku feGfo.ks vko';d
vkgs- ;k iqLrdkrhy Kku Lor% mi;ksxkr vk.kwu nql;kauk i.k |kos
ghp bPNkladyd & kanchanvs@gmail.com
fot;k n keh] 21-10-2007
02

AA Jh x.ks'kk; ue% AA

vk/kqfud thouklkBh FkksMD;kr xhrkKku o v/;kRe

Hkxoa r Jhd`".kkus vtqZukyk dq :{ks=kr egkHkkjr ;q/n jfookj] 1
vkDVkscj 5561 bZ-l- f[kLr
z iwoZ& dkgh xf.krKkaP;k ers lq:
gks.;kvxksnj tks mins'k dsyk R;kpk vuqokn Jh- O;klequhauh vuq"Vqi Nankr
lkr'ks 'yksd fygwu dsyk- Jh vk|'kadjkpk;kZauh lkafxrys vkgs dh
Jhen~Hkxorxhrk gs loZ osn&mifu"kknkaps lkj vkgs- xhrk fdaok R;krhy
rRoKku gs vR;ar izkphu vkgs- Hkxoarkus dfiy eqfuaP;k vorkjkr
lka[k;ksx lkafxryk rj ".kkorkjkr deZ;ksx lkafxryk] r'kh dkGkph xjt
gksrh- in~eiqjk.kkrhy bZ'ojxhrk fdaok Hkkxorkrhy xhrsis{kk
egkHkkjrkrhy Jhen~Hkxorxhrk vktP;k vk/kqfud ;qxkr loksZRre
thoudyk f'kdorsIkwohZ loZ Ik`Fohoj ifj{khr egkjktkaP;k dkGki;Zar ,dp jkT; gksrs
oSfnd 'kkL=kuqlkj R;kyk byko`r o"kZ vls uko gksrs ex lezkV HkjrkP;k
osGh rs Hkkjr o"kZ vls >kys- uarj ;sFkhy yksdkauk fganw gs uko fnys rs fla/kw
unho:u- R;kosGh fganw gk /keZp uOgrk] loZ= oSfnd laLrh gksrh- uarj
R;kr lekt O;oLFkslkBh pkj vkJe o pkj o.kZ dsys gksrs- l/;kP;k
vk/kqfud ;qxkr /kkoiG] vf/kd yksdla[;k] iznq"k.k] Hkz"Vkpkj oxSjseqGs
ekuokps thou v'kkar o jksxV cuys vkgs] ;kaoj iwokZikj mik;p ykxw
iMrkr- R;kapk lokZauh vH;kl dsyk ikfgtstsOgk lkekU; ek.klkyk nq%[k] fpark] fujk'kk] vktkji.k] ej.k]
x`g] iSls oxSjsph fooapuk xzklw ykxrs rsOgk thoukcy] bZ'ojkcy
rks fopkj d: ykxrks- foosdh ek.kwl R;k xks"Vhacy Kku o mik;
'kks/kw ykxrks- xhrse/;s Li"V mik; lkafxrys vkgsr] i.k Hkkjrh;kauh rs
03

foosdiwoZd u okijY;keqGs lrr ikjra;k[kkyh xsys- vfgalk] lfg".kwrk]

deZdkaM ;kauk vokLro egRo nsu HkDrh;ksx] lU;kl;ksx djrkauk
ns'kkrhy yksd xjhc] xqyke gks ykxys o uarj vU; fopkj ekxkZr <dyys
xsys- ;koj xhrsrhy fu"dke deZ;ksx Hkkohi.ks okijyk vlrk rj
Hkkjrh;kapk iwohZek.ksp mRd"kZ >kyk vlrk- i.k fu"dke deZ;ksxkpk vFkZ
R;kauh QDr Lor%yk tx.;kiqjrs vUu feGkys rjh cl] vlk ?ksu loZ
lektkyk] ns'kkyk xfjch o nq%[kkP;k [kkbZr yksVys- v/;kRe deZdkaM R;kauk
okpow 'kdys ukgh- vkiyh drZO;s O;ofLFkri.ks ikj u ikMY;keqGs gs loZZ
>kys- fu"dke deZ;ksx djrkauk Fke vkiyh drZO;s o vf/kdkj letwu
?ksu rs pks[ki.ks ikj ikMys ikghts- n;siksVh o vfgalsiksVh R;kauk rksMrk
dkek u;s- Lor% ;ksX; Kku ?ksu nql;kauk i.k ;ksX; Kku] ekxZn'kZu fnys
ikghtsvktP;k ;qxkr ;ksX; Kku u feGkY;keqGs loZt.k LokFkZ] Hkz"Vkpkj]
HkkSfrd 'kkfjjhd lq[ks o uarj osxosxGs vktkj] euLrki] fpark] nq"k.k
oxSjsaP;k [kkbZr iMys vkgsr- Kkup ek.klkyk ;ksX;&v;ksX; xks"Vhapk fuoM
dj.;kpk foosd nsrs o Kkup 'kkarh&eks{k nsrs- osnakr Kkukr Hk;] bZ"kkZ]
nhurk] ghursyk LFkku ukgh- v/;kRe o lektlsosr Qkjdr d:u Lor%yk
nhu] ghu letwu Hkkjrkps iru >kys- vkiY;k nsgkr] n;kr] eukr yiysys
mPp] ijes'ojLo:i loZt.k foljys- rlsp nsgkf'kok; varjkRek O;Dr
gksow 'kdr ukgh- fo'oeukP;k lq{e tkf.kosph laosnuk tk.k.;kph xr cq)h
ekuo nsgkrp vkgs Eg.kqu LoLFk nsgkph mi;qDrrk vkgsoSfnd /keZ gk o`fky{k.kkdjhrk Eg.kts thoukr oj ;s.;kdjrk o
fuo`fky{k.kkdjhrk ok eks{kkdjhrk v';k nksu dkjs lkafxryk
vkgs- o`fky{k.kke/khy x`gLFkkJe] tks vktdky eq[k o yafcr >kyk
vkgs] rks i.k nksu dkjs vkpjrk ;srks- ,d QykP;k bPNsus rj nqljk
QykP;k bPNsokpwu- ifgY;k dkjkr ,sfgd Eg.kts laikh oxSjs
lq[ks feGrkr rj nwl;k dkjkr mRd"kkZcjkscj eukph] 'kfjjkph 'kkarh o
04

fpk'kq/nh feGrs- uarj iw<s fpk'kq/nhus Kkukph ;ksX;rk ;srs o R;kpk

fu"BsiwoZd vH;kl o ljko dsY;koj vkReKku] vkRelk{kkRdkj gksrks- R;k
Kkukusp thokyk eks{k feGrks- ;kykp fu"dke deZ;ksx Eg.krkr- gk
o`fkekxZ o fuo`fkekxZ ;krhy e/kyh ik;jh vkgs- fuo`fky{k.kkr
lU;kl&Kku&eks{k vlk ekxZ vkgs] i.k vktdkyP;k thoukr gk vR;ar
dBh.k vkgs- rlsp loZt.k lU;klkP;k ikBhekxs xsys rj vkiyk ns'k ijr
ijfd; 'kfDraP;k rkC;kr tkbZy o vkiys dfB.k fnol ;srhyxhrk gh ns[khy Kku;ksxkus eks{k lkax.;klkBh cuyh vkgs- eks{k Eg.kts
ije'kkarh] iquZtUe ukgh o ijczek'kh feyu- iw.; fdaok iki dsY;kus rls
pkaxys fdaok okbZV QG feGrs o pkaxY;k fdaok okbZV ;ksuhr] 'kfjjkr
iquZtUe gksrks- lalkjkrY;k] thoukrY;k nks"k fuo`fklkBh vkReKku gks.ks
t:jhps vkgs- xhrk gh vktdkyP;k vk/kqfud thoukr 'kkarh o mRd"kZ nksUgh
lk/k.;kr ;ksX; ekxZn'kZu djrs- xhrsr eks{kklkBh v{kjczekP;k miklusps
osxosxGs dkj lkafxrys vkgsr- tls vkRE;kps Kku] fu"dke deZ;ksx] loZ
desZ czekiZ.k] lU;kl ;ksx] /;ku;ksx] HkfDr;ksx oxSjs- gh loZ eks{kkph
cfgZjax lk/kus vkgsr rj vkRelk{kkRdkj gs varjax lk/ku vkgsxq:kIrh gk bZ'ojkIrh ;k vafre /;s;krhy egRokpk VIik vkgs- ;ksX;
xq: isus] ekxZn'kZukus ok R;kaP;k 'kfDrikrkus vkiyh varZ'kDrh tkx`r
gksu fpk'kq/nh djrk ;srs- vkiys nso nsork ln~xq: ;kaP;krhy pSrU; o
'kDrh mPp 'kq/n :ikr vlrs Eg.kqu R;kaps uke o ti djrkuk R;kaP;kcy
loZ 'kfDreku loZJs"B ijes'ojkphp Hkkouk Bsokoh- eh Lor% Kku] uke
?ksrks gk vgadkj ;kr ulrks- i.k lglk ;ksX;rsf'kok; xq:i.k d`ik djr
ukgh- rh ;ksX;rk vk.kk;yk i.k xhrkp enr djrs- vktdky cjspls xq:
Hkksanw vkgsr- rsOgk xhrsrhy Kku vH;klwu R;kr lkafxrysY;k osxosxG;k
miklukapk ljko dj.ks vfr'k; Js;Ldj vkgs] T;k;ksxs eukph] 'kfjjsaf;kaph
'kkarh feGsyp o brj ftohrkapk] vkiY;k ns'kkpk] txkpk mRd"kZ gksbZyHkxoar nsf[ky vkiY;k ;Rukauk dGr udGr enr djr vlrks o R;kps
vuqHko i.k ;sr vlrkr05

xhrsrhy dkgh lKkapk lksik vFkZ %&

lU;kl %& KkuklkBh] eks{kklkBh loZ dkgh lksM.ks] oklukapk R;kx]
Kkujfgrkus KkuklkBh dsysY;k dekZapk R;kxdke] dkeuk %& dks.kR;kgh xks"Vhaph&fo"k;kaph bPNk] r`".kk gsp loZ
vuFkkZaps dkj.k vkgs- dke 'keyk ukgh fdaok frca/k dsyk rj iw<s ks/k] }s"k]
nq%[k oxSjs iki gksr tkrsxq.knks"k] lalkjkps nks"k %& 'kksd] eksg] eRlj] vkGl] vKku] vga] dke]
ks/k] drqZRokfHkeku] eeRo oxSjseh o ek>s %& ,[kkn;k oLrwoj vkiyk eksg] se ok vf/kdkj] tls gs ek>s
?kj] ek;k dekbZP;k oLrw] eh dke dsya] ek>s ukrsokbZd oxSjs- gs eeRo ok
vgaHkko lksMkos exp ek.kwl ca/kukrwu eqDr gksrks- ^eh* rwu dkeuk gksrsdrqZRokfHkeku %& ,[kknh xkss"V eh dsyh ok djrks; vlk vgadkj- eh drkZ
vkgs vlk vfHkekudesZ %& vgaHkko oxSjs xq.knks"k idMqu dsysyh dkes Eg.kts desZ- rh iwoZ
LoHkkokus ok bZ'ojkP;k ek;sus dsyh tkrkrLo/keZ %& vkiY;kyk vf/kdkjkus] vkJe oxSjsP;k eqGs feGkysyh dkes- gh
drqZRokfHkeku lksMwu dsyh tkohryksdlaxzgLFk desZ %& yksdkauk lUekxkZyk yko.ks] ;ksX; fn'kk ns.ks] Kku ns.ks]
lektkP;k fodklkph dk;sZ dj.ksbZ'ojfR;FkZ desZ %& desZ bZ'ojklkBh t.kw R;kP;k uksdjkek.ks kekf.kdi.ks
dj.ks] desZ Lor%lkBh uOgs rj bZ'ojlknklkBh dj.kss=hxq.k %& lRoksxq.k] jtksxq.k] reksxq.k- ;kuh loZ txr O;kiysys vkgs vls
dfiykpk;kZauh lkafxrystjk %& Egkrkji.kHkwrs %& thohr oLrwvO;;] v{kj %& tks d/kh lair ukgh] [kpZ gksr ukghlka[; %& fo}kuh] KkuhuhR;] lr~ %& ts usgeh vlrsp] T;kpk d/kh uk'k gksr ukgh mnk- vkRek06

vlr~ %& ts u"V gksrs] FkksMs dkGp fVdrss- mnk- lq[k] nq%[k] 'kjhjiapHkqrs %& gh vksadkjkrqu cuyh- tls vksadkjkrqu vkdk'k] vkdk'kkiklqu
ok;q] ok;wiklwu rst] rstkrqu vki ik.kh] o vkikrqu i`Foh cuyhfiaM %& vkiyk LFkqynsg gk iapHkqrkapk] lq{ensg oklukapk] dkj.knsg
vKkukpk] egkdkj.knsg Kkukpk vlrksLFkqynsg %& gk iapHkqrkaiklqu gkMkekal oxSjsapk cuysyk vlrks- R;kph ikp
Kkusaf;s & dku] ukd] MksGs] ftHk] Ropk ikp deZsf;s & rksaM] gkr]
ik;] tuaf;s] xqn ;srkrlq{ensg%& var%dj.k Le`fr] okluk] eu nksyk;eku ladYi fodYi]
cq)h fu'p; dj.ks] fpRr y{k ns.ks] fparu dj.ks] vgadkj vfHkeku
dj.ks] ek;koh ^eh*leRo %& loZ Hkwrs] cze] vkRek ,dp vkgs- fe=&'k=w] iki&iq.;]
fuank&Lrqrh] ekrh&lksus] f;&vf; oxSjs leku vkgsr] lokZr ,dp
bZ ojRo vkgs] vls letwu lq[k&nq%[k] jkx&}s"k lksMwu |kok- Kkukus leRo
,dRo vkY;kus Hkk"kk] /keZ] ns'k] ek>s&rw>s oxSjs ca/kus rqVwu iMrkr-
;ksx{kse %& vkiY;kik'kh ulysys vUu] oL=] fuokjk oxSjs feGfo.ks Eg.kts
;ksx- o rs feGfoY;koj R;kph j{kk dj.ks Eg.kts {kse- bZ'ojp lokZauk mRiUu
djrks] j{k.k djrks] rkjrks o 'ksoVh ekjrks ok 'kfjj Fkdwu u"V gksrs] Eg.kwu
vkiY;k thouekph fpark vki.k u okgrk bZ'ojkykp |koh- tls
xkMhe/;s vki.k clyks vlrkuk cjkscjps vks>s MksD;koj Bso.;kr dkgh
vFkZ ukgh R;kpizek.ks loZ izkf.kek=kauk pkyuk ns.kkjh Hkxoar'kDrh vlrkuk
vki.k loZ fpark lksMwu rhykp 'kj.k tkosdrZO;s o vf/kdkjkus feGkysyh desZ %& gh R;sdkph FkksMhQkj osxosxGh
vlw 'kdrkr- gh foosdiwoZd fparukOnkjs letwu ?ks.ks Qkj egRokps
vkgs- o;ksekukek.ks] LokHkkfod ifjLFkhrhus ok vkJekek.ks gh cnyrkrtls fo|kFkhZ n'ksr fo|k ?ks.ks drZO; vkgs] vkbZus eqykaps laxksiu dj.ks]
f'k{kdkus fo|kF;kZauk pkaxys oG.k yko.ks] dkjdqukus dkekrys fg'kksc
pks[k Bso.ks] f'kik;kyk vf/kdkjkus feGkysys deZ Eg.kts
pksjkauk idM.ks oxSjs- vki.k T;k lektkr ,d= ok<rks] jgkrks R;kcy
07

lektksi;ksxh desZ dj.ks gs ns[khy vkiys drZO; vkgs- rlsp fulxkZckcr

i.k vkgs- Lor%P;k 'kfjjkps] eukps vkjksX; pkaxys dj.ks gs ns[khy ,d
drZO;p vkgs- vk/;kfRed thou gs ns[khy ,d drZO;p vkgs- R;sd
ckcrhr drZO;cq/nhus deZ dsY;kl drZqRokfHkeku tkrks o gGwgGw fpkeu
'kq/n gksr tkrs- rlsp desZ bZ'ojkyk viZ.k dsY;kl QGkph vklDrh tkrsfo"k; %& vkiY;k 'kfjjsaf;kauk vkoM.kk;k] ykx.kk;k osxosxG;k xks"Vh]
vkiY;kyk lq[k ns.kk;k xks"Vh- gh fo"k;kph vklfDr] bPNkp vkiY;kyk
lalkjkr desZ dj.;kr cka/kwu Vkdrs- rh vR;ar cG >kyh dh oklusr
cnyrs o iw<s iquZtUe i.k ?;k;yk ykowu rlk LoHkko R;k tUeh i.k fnlrksLoHkko] o`kh %& vkiyk /keZ iquZtUe ekurks- LoHkko gk iquZtUekrhy o
ckyi.kkiklwu dsysys deZ o laLdkjkeqGs ;k tUeh O;Dr gksrks- R;kpek.ks
lafpr Hkksx Hkksxkos ykxrkr- ;k tUeh xq.k o ek;sus cuysyk LoHkko iq<hy
tUeh fnlrks- ;koj mik; vkgs kq/nh o kakrh- tj vki.k ;kp tUeh
ije kkarh kIr dsyh rj rhpk mi;ksx ;k tUeh] iq<P;k tUeh ok e/kY;k
dkGkr gksrks] fdaok ljG eqDrh feGw kdrs- vktdky c;kp 'kkL=Kkauh
ekU; dsys dh nql;k tUekr iwoZ tUehP;k vkBo.kh f'kYyd jgkrkr]
;kpkp vFkZ ,dk 'kfjjkrwu nql;k 'kfjjkr dkghrjh tkrsfoosdcq/nh %& dks.krhgh xks"V pkaxyh fdaok okbZV vkgs gk Hksn tk.kwu ;ksX;
rks fu.kZ; ?ks.;kph fopkj'kfDr- cq/nhr mfpr o vuqfpr fopkj dj.;kph
;ksX;rk vkgs] rj papy eu fo"k;kaoj y{k BsoY;kus cq/nhpk foosdiw.kZ
fu.kZ; fLodkjrs rj d/kh fLodkjr ukgh- R;kps dkj.k fpkkoj]
var%dj.kkoj >kysys iwoZlaLdkj] ts iquZtUe o ygkui.kkiklwu gksr
jgkrkr- R;kph fpkkoj osxosxGh laLdkj chts :tysyh vlrkr R;keqGs
eu ikyVrs- fpkkojhy gh chts ?kkyo.ks Eg.ktsp fpk'kq/nh >kY;koj eu
,dkxz gks 'kdrs- gs loZ foosdcq/nhusp ;Ru dsY;koj 'kD; vkgsvarZeq[k gks.;kusp foosdcq/nh ;srs- ekuokyk feGkysY;k xr foosdcq/nhpk
;ksX; okij o ljko gkp bZ ojkus fnysyk] ek;siklwu lqVdk feG.;kpk
vk kspk fdj.k vkgs08

kjC/k&Hkksx %& Eg.kts iwoZtUekps QG- vkRek Lor% u ejrk ,d 'kfjj

lksMwu nqljs 'kfjj ?ksrks Eg.kts iquZtUe ?ksrks- R;kps dkj.k ifgY;k tUekr
bZ'ojkP;k ek;seqGs dsyh xsysyh osxosxGh desZ] R;kaP;kojhy vklfDr o
brj xq.knks"k- pkaxY;k dekZaeqGs iq.; feGwu dkgh dkG vkRek mPpyksdkr
lq[k Hkksxqu ijr pkaxY;k ;ksuhr] 'kfjjkr o mPp dqykr tUe ?ksrks] Hkksx
Hkksxrks o ufou desZ d:u Qy lap; djrks- okbZV dekZeqGs okbZV 'kfjj
feGrs o iq<s R;kyk vf; ?kVuk&vuqHko o rls Dys'k Hkksx Hkksxkos
ykxrkr- R;kP;k iki&iq.;kek.ks fpklaLdkjkek.ks pkaxyk fdaok okbZV
LoHkko gksrks o R;kek.ks ufou pkaxyh&okbZV desZ gksrkr] ijr deZQy
lap; gksrks o fpkkoj laLdkj lap; gksrkr rs vusd tUe fVdrkr- gh
lk[kGh rksM.;klkBh fpk'kq/nh d:u ufou deZQy lap; u gks ns.ks
egRokps vkgs- iwohZps lafpr deZHkksx Hkksxqu eqDr Ogk;ps vkgs i.k kjC/k
Hkksx Hkksxrkauk lq[k&nq%[kkps laLdkj ?;k;ps ulrkr- LoxZizkIrh gk thokpk
iq.kZ fodkl uOgs rj CkzeLo:ik'kh feyu gks.ks gk gks;- ekuoh thoukrp
gh la/kh feGrs- ek.klkps kjC/k&Hkksx] uf kc cnyw kdr ulys rjh vkRek
gk Lora=] lk{kh vlY;keqGs( ek;sP;k Hkkok[kkyh gks.kk;k dekZek.ks ijr
kfjjklkBh ufou laLdkj Qy o ufou kjC/k r;kj gksrs- i.k R;kposGh
bZ ojbPNseqGs cq)hus ;ksX; rks cny vkiY;k fopkjakr] dekZr djrk ;srksek;k %& ek;k Eg.kts Lo:ikpk folj- loZ tx] thohr gs lRo] jt] re
;k =hxq.kkus fdaok xq.kkaPks fodkj Eg.kts jkx] }s"k] eksg oxSjs ;kauh eksghr
>kys vkgs- gs txr ts fnlrs tk.kors rs lrr dkGkcjkscj cnyrs vkgsloZt.k Lor%yk lq[kh&nq%[kh letr vkgsr dkj.k rs vKkuh vkgsrnsgcq/nh] vgadkj] papy eukps fopkj] dkeuk o dkG gh ek;kpHkxoarkusp gs osxosxGs xq.k cuowu ek;ktky dsys vkgs o loZ rhapk]
thokapk rlk LoHkko cuyk vkgs- R;k xq.kkaeqGsp vki.k desZ djr jgkrks o
thoukr] lalkjkr] iquZtUekr vMdq u iMrks- gs loZ mexqu tks vkiY;k
'kfjjkP;k Kkusaf;kauk o eukyk rkC;kr Bsorks rks gh ek;k rksMqu iq<s tk
'kdrks- vFkkZrp fpk'kq/nhus o ljkokus gss 'kD; vlrs- tsOgk leRo ;srs]
lokZapk o vkiyk vkRek o ijekRek ,dp vkgs QDr :is osxosxGh vkgsr
vls mexqu vkY;koj ek;k gVrs- fopkj kqU;rk gksrs09

;ksx %& ;ksx Eg.kts fof'k"V dk;kZrhy la;ksx] fuiq.krk- ;ksx Eg.kts
v"VkaxkP;k vH;klkus fpRrkyk] 'kfjjkyk 'kq) dj.ks- ;ksxklkBh 'kj.kkxrh]
leRo o R;kxo`Rrh ikfgts- ;ksxkps rhu ms'k vkgsr] 1- 'kfjj] eu o
Kkusaf;kaoj rkck feGowu R;kauk fujksxh Bso.ks- 2- vkiY;k fpRrkph o
dk;kZph 'kq)h dj.ks- 3- gs thou] txr T;kus fnys R;kP;kcjkscj laca/k
tksM.ks- gs ms'k Bso.ks izR;sd ekuoklkBh vR;ar t:jh vkgsrosxosxG;k ;ksx Ik)rh vkgsr tls fu"dke deZ;ksx] Kku;ksx] /;ku ;ksx]
gB;ksx] HkfDr;ksx oxSjs- vki.k vk;q";kr o;kizek.ks osxosxGs ;ksx vH;klw
'kdrks tls fu"dke deZ;ksx x`gLFkkJekr] HkfDr;ksx mrkjo;kr rj Kku;ksx
vk;q";Hkj djrk ;srks fdaok dq'kyrsus] foosdcq)hus osxosxGs ;ksx ,d=Ik.ks
voyacow 'kdrksv"Vkax;ksx %& 1- ;e 2- fu;e 3- vklu 4- izk.kk;ke 5- izR;kgkj
6- /kkj.kk% 7- /;ku 8- lek/kh- v';k vkB p<R;k ik;;k vkgsr- ;k
jkt;ksxkus ekuoh thoukr 'kkarh o ijekuan feGrksdks k %& vUue;] izk.ke;] eukse;] foKkue; vkf.k vkuane; gs
vkiY;kHkksorh iapdks k vkgsr- vki.k R;kauk vH;klkus vuHkow kdrksvUue;dks k LFkwy kfjjizk.ke;] eukse;] foKkue;dks k lq{e kfjjvkuane;dks k dkj.k kfjjtkx`noLFkk iapdks kakpk vuqHko tM vkHkkl
LoIukoLFkk izk.ke;] eukse; dks kakpk vuqHko lq{e vkHkkl
lq"kqfIr voLFkk vkuane;dks kkpk vuqHko lq[kkHkkl
rq;kZ voLFkk ,dhdMs czekps Hkku rj nqlfjdMs fo'okps HkkumUeuh voLFkk ^eh* vkRek vkgs gs nsf[ky foyhu gksowu fuo`Rrh rsp
foKku- vkRek ;k ikpgh dks kakuk tk.krkslRoxq.k %& gk fueZy] fu:ioh vkgs- gk jtks o reksxq.kkus dyqf"kr
>kysyk ukgh- i.k gk vkRE;kyk eh Kkuh vkgs] lq[kh vkgs] mikluh vkgs
vlk nsgkr cka/krks- foOnRrspk mPprspk vgadkj gksrks- iq<hy tUe 'kq/n
yksd Eg.kqu ikikis{kk iq.; ijoMrs10

jtksxq.k %& jtksxq.kh ek.klkr lq[kkP;k lk/kukafo"k;h bPNk r`".kk vlrs o rks
R;kapk frhus okij djrks- jtksxq.k dekZP;k vklfDrus vkRE;kyk c/n
djrks- ;kr dke] ks/k oxSjs fodkj vkgsr- iq<hy tUe & euq";reksxq.k %& gk vKku] vkGl] fpkkpk y; ;kus vkRE;kyk cka/krks- ;kr
foosd mjr ukgh- iq<hy tUe & i'kw] i{kh] fdVd] o`{k ok uhp] fod` r
euq";Eg.kts nq"dekZus thokph v/kksxrh gksrs rj Lk~rdekZus thokpk fodkl gksrksleiZ.k %& ek.klkyk foosdcq/nh vlkoh i.k foosd okijrkauk v/kZoV
Kkukus la'k;hi.kk ulkok] R;keqGs eu] fpk fLFkj jgkr ukgh- T;kek.ks
vkiY;kis{kk mPp ok iw.kZ Kkuh xq:yk fouarh] kFkZuk dsY;kus] leiZ.k
dsY;kus R;kaph d` ik gksrs o Kku feGrs] R;kek.ks ijekRE;kph egrh
letY;koj R;kph vkjk/kuk djkoh R;kykp 'kj.k tkos] laiw.kZ leiZ.k
djkos T;k;ksxs vkiY;koj R;kph d`ik gksu varZ'kfDr tkx`r gksrs] Kku
gksrs] dekZps nks"k ykxr ukghr- vga tkrks- fpkkoj dekZps laLdkj mjr
ukghr o fpk'kq/nh gksrsfpk'kq/nh%& loZizFke fpk'kq/nh vR;ar t:jh vkgs- vkiY;k fpkkoj
var%dj.kkoj ygkui.kkiklwu] iqoZtUekiklwu osxosxG;k dekZ}kjs ?kVuka}kjs]
vKkukus ts laLdkj cht :tys vkgsr] lafpr vkgsr rs dk<.ks t:jh vkgs]
ukgh rj R;kek.ks okluk] bPNk fuekZ.k gksu r'kh desZ gksrkr r'kh o`kh
gksrs o ijr fpkkoj vf/kd eG clw ykxrks- lalkjkpk] thoukryk eq[;
xq.knks"k ^dkeuk* gh fpknks"kkusp fuekZ.k gksr vlrs- xq.knks"k] vkoM fuoM
lksMqu deZ djhr jkghY;kl gGwgGw fpk'kq/nh gksrs] R;sd xks"V =;LFk o
leRo Hkkousus dsY;kl xq.k nks"k ;sr ukghr- fu"dke dekZus fpk'kq/nh gksrs]
;ksX; Kku foosdi.ks okijY;kus fpk'kq/nh gksrs- varZ'kDrh tkx`r >kY;kus
fpk'kq/nh gksrs- thoukrY;k 'kkarhlkBh] vkuanklkBh] ,dkxzrslkBh
fpk'kq/nh t:jh vkgs- fpk'kq/nhuarjp [kjh lk/kuk] ijekFkZ lq# gksrks;K %& mke Js; lk/kusyk] ,[kknh ;ksX; xks"V lQyi.ks rMhl us.;kl
;K Eg.krkr- ;K dekZiklwu gksrs- fu"BkiwoZd Bjkfod deZ
11

Eg.kts ;K- gk tj QGkph vklDrh o drZqRokfHkeku lksMwu dsY;kl

fpk'kq/nh gksr tkrs- ;K osxosxG;k dkjs gksrkr- tls % deZB yksdkapk
nsoiwtk] gkse oxSjs nso;K ] vkReKku feGfo.ks] Kkusaf;kauk vkiY;k
rkC;kr Bso.ks ] xjtwauk nku dj.ks ] ri dj.ks ] k.kk;ke oxSjs dj.ks]
osnikjk;.k dj.ks] Bjkfod drZO; deZ dj.ks] v';k vusd dkjsiapegk;K iq<hy ek.ks vkgsr 1- cze;K Eg.kts v/;;u] v/;kiu
2- nso;K Eg.kts gkse oxSjs 3- fir`;K Eg.kts Jk/n riZ.k 4- Hkwr;K
Eg.kts cyhnku 5- euw";;K Eg.kts vfrFkhiwtu oxSjs- fulxkZus]
Hkxoarkus vkiY;kyk ts dkgh fnys vkgs R;kps _.k QsM.;klkBh o
njjkst vkiY;k gkrwu o vkiY;k ?kjkr ?kM.kk;k lq{e oxSjs thokaP;k
fgalk o brj nks"kkaiklwu eqDr gks.;klkBh ojhy ;K djkos ykxrkrnsod` isus vkiY;kyk feGkysys lq[k brjkauk] lektkyk] vU; thokauk i.k
fnys ikghts- fulxZp pkyw jkg.;klkBh vki.k nql;kyk
[kkrk [kkrk >kMs yko.ks oxSjs ;K dsys ikghts- rlsp brj Hkq[kh thokauk
vUu fnys ikghts- =Lr thokaps Dys"k nwj dsys ikghtssri %& ,dp lk/kuk lrr d:u rki.ks- ea=] uke] ti ;kapk mPpkj djrkuk
rks dksBwu fu?krks ;kdMs uhV y{k ykowu R;k eqGk kh eu y; dj.ks Eg.kts
ri- lkscr J)k] 'kj.kkxrh] ,dRo] se] vkuan] r`Irh] 'kkarh vls Hkko
vl.ks t:jh vkgs~rr~ lr %& gs czekps uko- ;K] ri] nku o deZ djrkauk QGkph]
drZ`Rokph] eksBsi.kkph] iq.;kph vk'kk u djrk bZ'ojJ/nsus ;kpk mPpkj
djkok- l`"VhiwohZ th ,dp lkk gksrh] rh vktgh vkgs] m|kgh jkghy- lR;]
Kku] vuar] vkuan ;k pkjgh xks"Vh T;kph y{k.ks vkgsr o T;kP;kr
dks.kR;kgh fufekkus ifjorZu gksr ukgh R;kyk ^rr~ fdaok ijekRek*] cze
Eg.krkr- ns'k] dky] oLrw bR;knhapk uk'k gksugh ts uk'k ikor ukgh rsp
^lr~* vkgs- rsp loZ O;kih vkgs- ek;sP;k uk'kklkBh v'kh vk.k[kh pkj
egkokD;s vkgsr- 1 ~ Kku czea
2 ~ vga czekfLe 3 ~
rRoefl 4 ~ v;ekRek cze12

o.kZ %& czke.k] {kf=;] oS';] {kq gs pkj o.kZ feGkysY;k vf/kdkjkek.ks ok
xq.k dekZaoj voyacqu vkgsr- ex rs vf/kdkj tUekus vlks ok tUekuarjps
vlksr- euwuarj R;kaP;k eqykauk R;kaP;k dekZek.ks o.kZ feGkys ;kpk vFkZ
vxksnj o.kZ vf/kdkjakoj dekZoj voyacwu gksrs- lekt O;ofLFkr pkykok gk
o.kkZikBhekxpk ms'k vkgs- xhrsr loZ= le igk.;kpk mins'k vkgsR;sdkus vkiys deZ fu"dkei.ks ikj ikMk;yk lkafxrys vkgs- fu"dke deZ
ifo= vkgs o rs dj.kkjs i.k ifo= vkgsr] le vkgsr- ;sFks o.kkZauk fo r :i
ukgh i.k uarj LokFkhZ yksdkauh Hksn fuekZ.k dsys- mPp o.khZ; tsOgk uhp deZ
djr] rsOgk rs uhp o.khZ;kr x.kys tkr rj uhp o.khZ;kauh mPp desZ dsY;kl
mPp o.kkZr x.kys tk ykxr] v'kh bfrgklkr vusd mnkgj.ks vkgsrvusd fL=;kns[khy cze fo|k tk.kr] ti&ri djr- vusd _"kh x`gLFkkJe
lkaHkkGr fo|kH;kl] fo|knku djr gksrs- vktP;k ;qxkr QDr pkj o.kZ
[kqip <kscG Bjrkr] R;kaph la[;k deh iMrs- dekZek.ks cf?krY;kl
loZt.k feJo.khZ; >kys vkgsr ok lrr o.kZ cnyr vkgsrok.kh %& ijk ok.kh gh ukHkh csach toG 'kq) 'kfDr LQqj.k :ikr
vlrs- n;krhy var%dj.kke/khy lqIr Le`rh] fpRr laLdkj gs okluk
:ikr vlrkr R;keqGs rlsp Kkusaf;k}kjs xzg.k dsysY;k Kkukps
frchac var%dj.kkoj iMwu rh vFkZkpk vkdkj ?ksrs o rh i';arh ok.kh
curs rsOgk eu ladYi fodYi d: ykxrs- ok.kh iq<s daBkr ;srs rsOgk
ukn:ikus ekr`Hkk"ksr fparu fu'p; d: ykxrs rsOgk rhyk e/;ek
Eg.krkr- iq<s rksaMkrqu rh 'kCn:ikus ckgsj iMrs rsOgk oS[kjh ok.kh
Eg.krkr- ;k ok.kh] ph k 'kq) Bso.;klkBh lrr uke ?ksrys tkrsKku&vKku %& Kku Eg.kts lR; tk.k.ks- Kku ek.klkyk le cq/nhus]
drZO; cq/nhus] thoukpk phj vkuan] 'kkarh Lor% o nql;kauk
miHkksx.;kl f'kdfors- vKku Eg.kts ek;k] nsgcq)h- tsOgk vki.k
vkiY;kyk o 'kfjjsaf;kauk lq[k ns.;klkBh eukyk dkekyk ykorks]
rsOgk nql;kaP;k lq[k&nq%[kkaph iokZ djhr ukgh- Eg.kwup
,sdesdkr osxGsi.kk ;su nq%[ks fuekZ.k gksrkr- feGkysys Kku
13

vkpj.kkr vk.k.ks egRokps vkgs- R;klkBh /kS;Z] ;Ru o rRijrk ykxrs- gs

loZ v/;kfRed J/nsus lk/krs o R;klkBh ijr Kkup t:jh vlrs- J/nk]
fo'okl Eg.kts vKku uOgs- J/nsus eukyk fLFkjrk feGrs o ,dkxzrk lk/krk
;srs- fprh] vuqHko] foosdcq/nhus rksyqu ?ksrysY;k Kkukus fdaok xq:aP;k
ekxZn'kZukus J/nk ;srs] fo'okl ;srks o iq<hy Kku ?ks.;kph r;kjh gksrsKkukusp bZ'ojkps egRo o xjt iVrsvkRek %& Eg.kts vkarfjd pSrU; ok 'kfDr- 'kfjj o baf;s vkiyh dkes
d: ykxyh dh Lor% uqlrkp lfei jkgwu igk.kkjk Eg.ktsp "Vk fdaok
lk{kh- gk lek/kh voLFksr vkgs- gk fuR; vkgs- Eg.kts d/khp ejr ukghd/khp deh fdaok [kpZ gksr ukgh- QDr 'kfjj th.kZ gksrs rsOgk gk 'kfjj
lksMrks o 'kfjj ijr iapegkHkwrkr foyhu gksrs- vkRek 'kfjjsaf;kaP;k R;sd
f;kauk ekU;rk nsrks- cq/nhpk lq[k&nq%[k] eksg oxSjsapk vuwHko ?ksrks- gk
Lora= vkgs- vdrkZ vkgs Eg.kts Lor%gwu dkgh djhr ukgh- i.k nsg o
bafa;kuk lkeF;Z nsu iks"k.k djrks- 'kfjjkrwu ;srktkrkauk 'kfjjkP;k
bafa;kaph Kkusaf;s o var%dj.k ;kauk vkiY;k cjkscj ?ksu ;srks tkrks o rs
'kfjjkr miHkksx ?ksrkauk okijrks Eg.kwu nql;k tUekr eukoj] fpkkoj
>kysys laLdkj o vkBo.kh jkgrkr o rlk LoHkko curks- T;k ek.ks
ygku fu"iki eqys HkkaMh ?ksu Hkkrqdyhpk [ksG [ksGrkr] R;kr jerkr]
HkkaMrkr] jMrkr uarj [ksG laiY;koj HkkaMh Vkdqu fu?kwu tkrkr fdaok nqljk
[ksG [ksGw ykxrkr- iqohZpk jkx vkBoyk rj ijr HkkaMrkr- R;kpek.ks
vkRek gk HkkaMh Eg.kts 'kfjj ?ksu lalkjkpk [ksG [ksGrks] miHkksxrks]
'kfjj Vkdqu ijr tkrks fdaok dkgh dkGkus nqljs 'kfjj ?ksrks- ;k pkrwu
rks eqDr i.k gksow kdrksvkReKku %& 'kksd eksgkP;k fuo`khps lk/ku vkReKku vkgs- gsp txkrhy
loZ Js"B Kku vkgs- vkReKku gs vanHkhRo] vfgalk] vekuhRo] {kek]
eukpk ljGi.kk] vkpk;kZaph o Kkukph mikluk ;k lk/kukauh feGrs- u
tUe.kkjk] u {k; gks.kkjk] u ej.kkjk vlk gk vkRek R;sd thokP;k
'kfjjkr vkgs- loZ= vkgs- rksp cze vkgs- fucZy >kysyh 'kfjjs Vkdqu
14

vkRek ufou 'kfjjs ?ksrks R;kps dkj.k v'kq/n fpk ok jkfgysY;k okluk]
dkeuk o iqohZP;k dekZps Hkksx- vkRek gk Qkj tquk vkgs] fpjdkyhu vkgs
R;kus vkkki;Zar vusd 'kfjjs cnyyh vkgsr- rks fl/n vlY;keqGs
d'kkpkgh fo"k; gksr ukgh- R;keqGs tM ukgh Eg.kwu MksG;kus fnlr ukghR;kyk Kkukusp tk.kkos ykxrs- ts fiaMh rs czekaMh ;k ukrkus Fke
Lo%re/kyk nso 'kks/kkok o vkRecq)h Eg.kts ehp rks vkRek ;kps lrr
vuqla/kku Bsokos] R;klkBh nsgcq)h Eg.kts eh rs 'kfjj gs vlR; vkgs vls
Fke tk.kkos ykxrsgs 'kfjj vlsi;Zar lq[k&nq%[k gksrs] 'kksd] eksg gksrks- i.k lq[k&nq%[k gs
vfuR; vkgsr Eg.kts dkgh dkGkiqjrsp vkgs- rs var%d.kkZps /keZ vkgsr]
vkRE;kps uOgsr- vkRek rj le vkgs] mnkflu vkgs Eg.kwu vki.k i.k
lq[k&nq%[k oxSjs leku ekuwu lgu djkos- lq[k&nq%[k] 'kksd] eksg gksrks
R;kps dkj.k iqohZP;k jkfgysY;k dkeuk Eg.kts v'kq/n fpk o iqohZP;k dekZps
pkaxys okbZV Hkksx- vkRek 'kq/n vkgs] vej vkgs R;keqGs ej.k ikoY;kcy
'kksd d: u;s- rlsp desZ nsg baf;kaph vkgsr] vkRE;kph uOgsr ex gs loZ
dks.k djors\ rj LoHkko] vKku] bZ'ojkph ek;k- R;klkBh ;ksX; Kku kIr
dj.ks o R;kuqlkj Lor%yk cny.ks- tlk bZ'oj Kku:i] vkuan:i vkgsR;kyk xq.k] vkdkj ukgh- R;kek.ks vkRek i.k vkuane;] foKkue; dks"kkr
vkgs- HkksDrk vkgs drkZ ukgh- R;kek.ks vki.k i.k vkiys eu] deZ 'kq/n
d:u ?;kos- vkReKkukP;k vuqHkokus ifjiw.kZ Ogkos ex loZ vkuanp vkgsv'kksPp %& Eg.kts T;kP;kfo"k;h 'kksd dj.ks mfpr ukgh- vkiys
ukrsokbZd fdaok toGph O;fDr xsY;koj 'kksd gksrks i.k ts iq.;oku
vlrkr R;kapk ej.kkuarj vf/kd mRd"kZ gksrks- rlsp R;kapk iq<hy
tUe ifgY;kis{kk mPp 'kfjjkr gksrks fdaok R;kauk eks{k feGrksv'kk yksdkafo"k;h 'kksd dj.ks mfpr ukgh- thoar vlysY;akcy
o ej.k ikoysY;kacy Kkuh ek.kls 'kksd djhr ukgh- dkj.k
tls dkypk fnol xsyk] rls ckyi.k xsys fdaok letk ckyi.k
ej.k ikoys] R;kpek.ks 'kfjj FkdY;keqGs ok jgk.;kl ;ksX; u
15

>kY;keqGs vkRek nql;k 'kfjjkr tkrks- nsgkrhy vkRek dky gksrk] vkt
vkgs o m|kgh vkgs- nsg xsY;koj i.k jkg.kkj vkgs dkj.k vkRek ejr ukgh]
uhR; vkgs ijczekpkp va'k vkgs- nql;kpk vkReki.k uhR; vkgs]
ijczekpk va'k vkgs- Eg.kts lxG;kaps vkRes ,dp vkgsr- ex ^xsyk*
Eg.kwu 'kksd d'kkykt';k iwohZP;k vkBo.kh vki.k foljrks R;kpek.ks xrtUekauk i.k foljrks;k txrkP;k vkBo.khr] eeRokr vMd.ks Eg.ktsp lq[k&nq%[k] 'kksd]
eksg ;k ek;sr vMd.ks- rh eks{kkP;k ijekuankyk oafpr djrs- 'kfjj gs
uk'koar vkgs] vfuR; vkgs- 'kfjjkyk gks.kkjs lq[k&nq%[k gs i.k vfuR; vkgsfuR; vkRE;kdMs c?krk vfuR; xks"Vhapk 'kksd dj.ks ;ksX; ukgh- dky
?kMysY;k xks"Vh fdaok dkyps vki.k vkrk ukgh fdaok dkypk eh ej.k
ikoyks vkgs R;kpk fo;ksx vki.k lgu djrks R;kpek.ks v'kksPp O;fDrapk
fo;ksx lgu dsyk ikghts- rlsp vkiY;kiw<s ;s.kk;k ej.kkcy ns[khy
fpark dj.ks mfpr ukgh- ej.kkph fHkrh okV.ks ;ksX; ukgh- fpark] 'kksd] eksg
dj.ks] ?kkc:u jgk.ks vkiys drZO; ukghs- vkiys kjC/k o 'kfjjkps ej.k
gks.kkjp R;kek.ks vkiY;k ej.kkuarj ikBhekxs jgk.kk;k yksdkaps kjC/k i.k
rsp jkg.kkj vkgs- R;kaps dls gks.kkj gh fpark vki.k d: 'kdr ukgh- vkiys
dke vkiys drZO; dj.ks o nql;kyk ekxZn'kZu dj.ksR;kx %& dke] ks/k] }s"k] vga oxSjs nqxqZ.kkapk] baf;kapk vfrokij v'kk
dkgh xks"Vhaapk R;kx dsY;koj vkuankpk Hkksx feGrks- R;kx vkf.k
Hkksx ijLij fo:/n vkgsr] rjh R;kx dsY;kojp R;k mPp vkuankpk
miHkksx
gksrks- foosd cq/nhus lq[kkpk R;kx u djrk R;kP;k
vklfDrpk R;kx djkok- txkP;k HkY;klkBh dsys xsysys vlR; deZ
nsf[ky lR; gksrs- tjh Hkkjrh; laL rh R;kx.ko vkgs rjh Hkkjfr;kaP;k
HkY;klkBh R;kx Eg.kts ek.kwldhph] ns'kkph] /kekZph vkgwrh dj.ks uOgsfu"dke deZ;ksx %& gk xhrsr lkaxhrysyk vktP;k ;qxklkBh lokZr ;ksX;
vlk ;ksx vkgs- fu"dke deZ;ksx Eg.kts Kku ?ksrk?ksrk drZ`RokfHkeku] vk'kk]
16

QGklfDr lksMwu desZ dj.ks- ;ksx{ksekph fpark lksMwu yksHk] jkx] }s"k oxSjs
lksMwu leRo ;ksxkus feG.kk;k ok ;s.kk;k QGkph vk'kk u djrk vkiyh
drZO;s] vf/kdkj] desZ pks[ki.ks o rRijrsus dj.ks- vxnh bZ'oj lUu Ogkok]
eks{k feGkok v'kh ns[khy bPNk u Bso.ks- vkRE;kps Kku >kY;koj vki.k
drkZ ukgh gs dGY;koj vkiY;k nsgkdMwu gks.kk;k dekZph QGs vFkkZrp
vkiY;kdMs ?ksrk ;s.kkj ukgh- ,[kkn;k ukVdkr ,d uV dke djrks vkgs
R;kek.ks vkiyh Hkqfedk fuHkko.ks] brj yksdkaek.ksp vkiyh desZ dj.ks
i.k R;kr vklDr gks u;s- ex QG feGkys dk; fdaok ukgh feGkys ;kpk
eksg o fpark jkgr ukgh- uarj gGwgGw vkiys fpk 'kq/n o 'kkar gks ykxrsbZ'ojklkBh fdaok bZ'oj bPNsus] isus fpk 'kkar] 'kq/n gksu vkiyh desZ]
Lo/keZ dj.ks] Kku kIrh dj.ks] lektlsok dj.ks- thouHkj ;ksX; KkuiwoZd
fu"dke deZ;ksx dsY;kus lq/nk eks{k feGrksps o dqaMfyuh & vkiY;k 'kfjjkr vusd mtkZps] deGs vkgsr- R;kiSdh
eqyk/kkj gs [kkyh xqn o fyaxkP;k e/ks vkgs] Lokf/k"Bku gs vksVhiksVkP;k
[kkyh] ef.kiwj gs ukHkh ok csachP;k fBdk.kh] vukgr p n;LFkkuh]
fo'kq) daBLFkkuh] vkKkp nksu MksGkkaP;k e/;s rj lgL=ny gs MksD;krhy
VkGwoj vlrs- dqaMfyuh gh rhk.k'kDrh eqyk/kkjpk fBdk.kh
ukxh.khek.ks lkMsrhu Qsjs ek:u >ksiyh vkgs- tsOgk ;ksx lk/kuka}kjs 'kq)h
gksrs rsOgk rh tkxzqr gksmu MkO;k ukdiqMhrwu okg.kkjh k.kok;w ukMh bMk
rj mtohryh fiaxGk ;kaP;k e/kyh] ikfBP;k d.;kryh lq"kqEuk ukokP;k
ukMhrqu oj oj ;sow ykxrs o osxosxGs vuqHko ukn] jax] rstksoy; oxSjs
;srkr vkf.k tsOgk rh lgL=k/kkje/;s iksgksprs rsOgk vkRelk{kkRdkj gksrksdeZ&vdeZ %& 'kkL=kuwlkj gksrs rs deZ- 'kkL=kP;k fo:/n rs fodeZ
o ts dkghgh u djrk ok vkiksvki gksrs rs vdeZ- fodeZ dj.ks pqdhps]
iki vkgs- 'kfjj o baf;kadMwu gks.kkjh dkes Eg.kts deZ- i.k vkRek
gk vf; vkgs] Eg.kwu rks 'kfjjkP;k dekZyk vdeZ vls tk.krksvki.k i.k R;kp n`"Vhus c?kkos- vdeZ R;{kkr gks 'kdr ukgh
17

dkj.k 'kfjj txfo.;klkBh gkypky djkohp ykxrs] ts yksd vkEgh

vdeZ djrks vls letrkr] R;kapk ^eh dkgh djhr ukgh* gk vfHkekup
deZ gks r ks - Eg.kts QDr fu"dke des Z ghp vdeZ
Bjrkr- dkj.k rh ca/kksRiknd ulrkr] Lor%lkBh ulrkr] vklfDr eeRo
oxSjs xq.knks"k lksMwu dsysyh vlrkrfu"dke deZ;ksxh gk vkiyh loZ desZ] fodesZ] vdesZ gh 'kfjjsaf;kaph vkgsrvkiyh Eg.kts vkRE;kph uOgsr vls letrks- fu"dke deZ;ksxh R;kyk
feGkysyh desZ drZ`RokfHkeku lksMwu drZO;iwrhZlkBh bZ'ojfR;FkZ
lektklkBh lRo cq/nhus] pks[ki.ks] rRijrsus djr vlrks- vFkkZrp R;kr
R;kyk R;kpk ykHk feGrks] R;kyk fpk'kq/nh feGrs] 'kkarh feGrs] R;kph
'kkfjjhd o vkfFkZd mUurh gksrs i.k R;kr rks vMdysyk ulrks dkj.k g;k
ykHkkP;k ms"kkus R;kus desZ dsysyh ulrkr- iw.;oku fdaok ikih g;k nks?kkauk
pkaaxys fdaok okbZV iquZtUe vkgsr- tj deZ Eg.kts iq.; o fodeZ Eg.kts iki
letY;kl QDr vdehZ fdaok fu"dke dehZp eqDr gksrksbZ'oj %& vuar dkGkiwohZ loZ tx fuekZ.k gks.;kvxksnj loZ= 'kqU; Eg.kts
dkghgh uOgrs ok iksdGh gksrh- vxnh loZ fBdk.kh m"ekdkar nsf[ky Qjd
uOgrk- lxGhdMs 'kkar gksrs- ex v'kkosGh ^T;kus* ukn] m".krk] 'kfDr]
dk'k] xzg] rkjs] xq:Rokd"kZ.k] ik.kh] tho oxSjs loZ dkgh cuoys- ^T;kus*
lokZauk ,dk y;hr cka/kys vkgs- thohrl`"Vhyk vk;q";eku fnys vkgs]
^R;kps* uko vkgs bZ'oj- ex R;kyk f'ko Eg.kk] fo".kw Eg.kk fdaok
fulxZ'kfDr Eg.kk- rksp mRiUu djrks] lkaHkkGrks] u"V djrks- R;k bZ'ojkP;k]
HkxoarkP;k gkrkr loZ lq=s vkgsr] Eg.kwup R;kyk 'kj.k tkos- loZ oLrw]
vki.k loZt.k R;k bZ'ojkP;k ekydhps vkgksr- dkGkps] fu;rhps nkl
vkgksr- R;kus fuekZ.k dsysY;k oLrw] ek;k xq.kkaiSdh pkaxys rsp ?;kos o
nql;kyk i.k nsu fulxkZP;k cjkscj jgkos- exp 'kkarh feGsy- bZ'oj
lxGhdMs vkgs i.k vkiY;k ekufld n;krwu ;s.kkjh loZisze Hkkouk
fodlhr d:u fdaok 'kj.kkxrhus ok osxosxG;k ekxkZus vkiys var%dj.k]
fpk 'kq/n d:u eu ,dkxz d:u R;k n;kr R;kyk tk.krk ;srs18

bZ'oj gk fuxZq.k] Kku:i] vkuane; vkgs- R;kyk dks.krkgh vkdkj] :i] jl]
xq.k ukgh Eg.kwu rks O;Dr gksr ukgh dh fnlr ukgh] Eg.kwu R;kyk Kkukusp
tk.kkos ykxrs- mnkgj.kkFkZ tlk R;sd inkFkZ gk v.kwapk cuysyk vkgs- R;kps
:ikarj gksrs i.k u"V gksr ukgh- R;kr Qkj eksBh 'kDrh Hkjyh;- rhps i.k
:ikarj gks 'kdrs i.k rh u"V gksr ukgh- lq{ekr lq{e v.kwpk vkdkj fdaok
eksB;kr eksBh vkdk'kxaxk fdaok R;kaP;k lewgkpk vkdkj i.k f'kofiaMs ek.ks
vkgstls lq;Z mxoY;koj R;kP;k dsoG vfLrRokeqGs Qqys meyrkr] loZ
yksd vkikiyh dkes d# ykxrkr R;kp izek.ks ijes'ojkP;k dsoG
vfLrRokeqGs loZ tx pkyrs ijes'oj Lor% R;kr c) ulrks] rlsp
vkiyk vkReki.k vkiY;k 'kfjjkus dsysY;k dekZr c) ulrksbZ'oj ijk;.k %& txrkP;k eeRokr ok ek;sr vMd.;kis{kk T;kus ek;k]
txr cufoys R;k bZ'ojkP;k eeRokr vMd.ks ;ksX;- dkj.k R;kP;keqGsp]
R;kP;kiklwup vki.k fuekZ.k >kyks Eg.kwu rksp vkiY;k lokZr toGpkdekZps fpkkoj laLdkj gks u;s Eg.kwu desZ drZO;cq/nhus fdaok laiw.kZi.ks
leiZ.k cq/nhus djkoh ykxrkr- thoar ok lxq.k ekuo vlY;keqGs ;ksX; Kku
ns.kk;k] varZ'kDrh tkx`r d: 'kd.kk;k xq:yk leiZ.k djkos fdaok loZ
tx bZ'ojp cuorks] rkjrks] ekjrks Eg.kwu bZ'ojkykp leiZ.k Ogkos- desZ
R;kykp viZ.k djkoh- bZ'ojkoj se dj.ks egRokps vkgsbZ'ojkP;k HksVhlkBh laiq.kZ fpk kq/nh] HkqrdkGkrY;k vkBo.kh]
orZekudkGkrys fopkj o Hkfo";dkGkrY;k fpark loZdkgh [kkyh d:u]
kq/n o kkar d:u tk;ps vkgs- lxq.k HkfDr] rhek mikluk] iwtk]
deZdkaM] O;Drhmikluk oxSjs xkS.k HkDrh vkgsr- i.k rh lksih vkgs- fuxqZ.k
bZ'ojkP;k Kkukuarj R;k loZO;kih] fuR;] vO;Dr] czekph HkDrh dsyh
tkrs- bZ'oj lxq.k HkDrh dj.kk;kaps dk;Z fl/nhl usrks] R;kpk m/nkj
djrks- rj fuxqZ.k HkDr lk{kkr bZ'ojkykp kIr gksrkr- bZ'ojijk;.k gks.ks
bZ ojk kh ,d:i gks.ks gkp eq[; ;ksx vkgs- Kku;ksx] HkfDr;ksx oxSjs loZ
;ksx 'ksoVh bZ'ojijk;.kkrp fojke ikorkr19

HkDrh;ksx %& ladVkr] nq%[kkr Hkxoarp vkBorks i.k fcu'krZ] R;kxiq.kZ

vgsrwd hrh Eg.ktsp HkfDr- HkDrhusp Hkxoarkyk 'kj.k tkrk ;srsR;klkBh Hkxoarkoj fo'okl] J/nk vlyh ikghts- fo'okl ;s.;klkBh
Kku] vuqHko] fdaok xq:aps ekxZn'kZu t:jh vkgs- xjt o 'kj.kkxrh
iRdjY;kusp HkxoarkdMwu fdaok xq:dMwu Kkukph kIrh gksrs- vkiY;k
Hkkouk HkxoarkP;k HkDrhlkj[;k mPp dksVhP;k dkeke/;s ykoY;koj
vkiys eu 'kq/n gks ykxrs] xq.kkaps nks"k laiw ykxrkr o vkiksvkip
baf;kapk la;e gksrks- bZ ojkcjkscj tksMys tkrks Eg.ktsp HkDr gksrksHkDrh;ksxkr vkiY;k loZ f;k HkxoarklkBhp dsY;k tkrkr- gs lrr laiw.kZ
leiZ.k vlrs- HkxoarkP;k toG jgk.;klkBh] HkxoarkP;k vkBo.khr lrr
yhu gks.;klkBh R;kpk ti dj.ks] uke ?ks.ks] ri dj.ks] Lrqrh] kFkZuk] Hktu
fdrZu dj.ks g;k eq[k xks"Vh dsY;k tkrkr- laxhr] rky] ukn] y; ;kaeqGs
kFkZuk] Hktu fdrZukr eu ,dkxz gksu jers- vknj o vkiysi.k fuekZ.k
gksu kj.kkxrh ;srs- Hkxoarkoj izse cl.ks vR;ar t:jh vkgs- nsokyk
vR;ar toGpk fe= ekuwu lrr rks vkiY;k cjkscjp vkgs vls dYiwu
R;kP;k'kh xqtxks"Vh djkO;k] R;kyk vkiY;k pqdk lkaxkO;kr- nsokyk xq:
letwu vknjkus R;kP;k dMwu ekxZn'kZu ?;kos] loZ deZQy R;kyk viZ.k
djkos- v';k osxosxG;k izdkjs nsokP;k lkf/;kr lrr jkgkos- ,d:i
Ogkos- ;klkBh Fke vkiys ck; txkojps] 'kfjjkojps se o lrr iapkps
fopkj deh Ogk;yk ikfgts- dyh;qxklkBh lrr uke o vardj.kkr izseHkko
gk HkfDrekxZ] ,dkxzrspk lksik ekxZ vkgs- [k;k dR;kZ iq.kZ 'kfDrph
bZ'ojkph 'kj.k;qDr tkf.ko o J)k ukekr ikfgtskFkZuk dj.ks Eg.kts nsokdMs 'kj.k tku dkgh ekx.ks] nql;kalkBh
ekx.ks- kFkZuk vgadkj] frjLdkj lksMwu djkoh- vgadkjkP;k iksVh n;spk
tUe rj sekP;k iksVh d:.kspk tUe gksrks- kFkZuk d:.ksus djkoh- nsokyk
izlUu dj.ks gs vkiys /;s; ulwu vkiY;krhy nsoRo
20

izdV dj.ks gs /;s; vkgs- eu ,dkxz gks.;klkBh QDr ijes'ojkps ok

vkiY;k vkoMR;k ,dkp nsokps /;ku o uke lrr ?;kos- miokl o ozr
oxSjs lk/kukauh eu n`< gksowu kfjjsanzh;kaoj rkck ;srkslxq.k HkDrh ok O;Dr :ikrhy Hkxoarkph HkDrh fdaok }SR; okn Eg.kts
bZ'oj o vki.k osxosxGs let.ks- ;kiq<ph ik;jh Eg.kts fuxqZ.k HkDrh]
fuZO;Dr HkDrh] ,sD;okn Eg.kts vki.k loZ o bZ'oj ,dp vkgksr- gs
rRoKku kphu vkgs i.k 'kadjkpk;kZauh rs ijr lq: dsys- ijes'ojkoj se
djrkauk vki.k R;kpsp va'k vkgksr gs letw ykxrs o loZ= le Hkkouk ;srsloZ nks"k laiwu QDr drZO;] R;kx o`kh o ijekuan jkgrks- fpkkojhy laLdkj
ukghls gksrkr- Lor%P;k vkRE;koj vuqla/kku Bso.ks gh i.k HkfDrp vkgsvkiys lar nsokP;k sekr jkg.;klkBh] R;kP;k HksVhlkBh] R;kP;k
HkDrhlkBh eks{k lksMwu ijr ijr tUe ?;k;yk r;kj gksrs- }SR;kr R;kuk
vkuan gksrk- bZ'ojkoj HkDrh Eg.kts fuLokFkZ izse djkos] bZ'oj loZ fBdk.kh
loZ izkf.kek=ke/;s vkgs Eg.kwu lokaZoj fuLokFkZ izse djkos gsp loZ /keZ] loZ
lar lkaxrkr- uqlrh ekulhd iqtk i.k QGrsQkj iwohZ nso fulxZ:ih gksrs tls lq;Z] vXuh oxSjs- uarj :i vkys- vorkj
vkys- dkgh Fkksj ek.klkauh fulxZ] lekt gkp vkiyk nso letwu laiw.kZ
thou R;kaP;k HkY;klkBh ?kkyoysvKkuh ek.klkauk nso] /kekZph Hkhrh nk[kowu ln~ekxkZyk ykorkr- i.k R;kr
dkgh nks"k fuekZ.k gksrkr- R;kis{kk R;kauk ;ksX; Kku ns.ks pkaxys- vKkuh
vlqugh T;kaps eu 'kqq)] seG vkgs vls Qkj iq<s tkrkr- J/nkGwph
,dkxzrk pkaxyh vlrsekSu %& /;kukP;k vxksnj ekSukpk ljko djrkr] ekSu fpk'kq/nh
dj.;kl Qkj enr djrs- ekSu Eg.kts QDr cksy.ks can dj.ks ,o<sp
uOgs] rj gGwgGw vkiY;k Kkusaf;koj rkck feGfo.;kpk
21

ljko vkgs- iq<s loZlkekU;i.ks dke djrkauk i.k ekSukpk ljko djrk ;srksR;kosGh eukr lrr nsokph vkBo.k] ~ dkj fdaok uketikus o ,dkarkus
ekSukl enr gksrslgt:i ekSu djrkauk vkiys cksy.ks can d:u 'kkari.ks nqljs vkokt Jo.k
djkos- uarj R;krhy uknkdMs eu ,dkxz djkos- gGwgGw rksgh ukn lksMwu
vkiY;k 'kfjjkr gks.kk;k vukgr ukn ~dkj ;kdMs y{k |kos- ukn
,sdrk ,sdrk loZ fopkj] Kkusaf;s o eu 'kqU; djkos] tls >ksih tkrkauk eu
'kqU; gksu >ksi ykxrs] i.k bFks gs loZ lko/ki.khp lk/kk;ps vlrs;ke/khy oSKkuhd n`"Vhdks.k vlk dh] Matter is a solidified energy
Eg.kts] ts ts vkiY;kyk fnlrs rs i.k mtkZp vkgs- rhyk wave,
vibrations fdaok ygjh vkgsr- rh papy kfDrph vkanksyus vkgsr- tls
'kCn] ukn ;kauk vkanksyus vkgsr R;kek.ks dk'kkyk vkf.k tM oLrwauk i.k
vkanksyus vkgsr- ;k loZ xks"Vh mtkZp vkgsr- R;kek.ks vkiys eu ns[khy
laLdkje; mtkZp vkgs- vkiY;k kFkZusrwu i.k mtkZp fu?krs- mtkZ usgeh :i
cnyrs- d/khp uk'k ikor ukgh- vkiyk vkRek i.k QDr :i cnyrks]
uk'k ikor ukgh- Every action has a reaction ;k fu;ekek.ks vkiY;k
fopkjakps] dekZps vkiY;kp var%dj.kkoj okluk :ikus pkaxys okV iki
iq.;kps laLdkj meVr vlrkr- R;kps kjC/k cuqu iq<s r kh o` kh gksowu R;k
uf kckps Hkksx Hkksxkos ykxrkr- Big Bang P;k LQksVkrwu fo'o fuekZ.k >kys
vls foKku Eg.krs rksp rks ~ dkjkpk ukn- fo'o fuekZ.k >kys vkgs rsgh
dkgh dkykus 'kkar gksbZy ijr gk e pkywp jkghy- vkiY;k mtsZps thou
i.k ;kp ekus pkyr vkgs- R;k mtkZ L=ksrkpk] bZ'ojkpk mtkZukn]
vkanksyus vkiY;k 'kfjjkr i.k vkgsr- lokZaP;k 'kfjjkr r'khp mtkZ vkgs- rks
ukn ekSukr ,dkxzrsus ,sdq ;s ykxrks- R;k uknkyk eqG L=ksrk'kh tksMwu]
tk.kwu eukyk 'kqU; djk;ps] eqDr djk;ps vkgs/;ku %& gs vkRelk{kkRdkjkps lk/ku vkgs- Kku feGowu R;kpk ljko
d:u] /;kukr fpkLFkS;Z djkos ykxrs- papy eukyk /;kukr fLFkj
dj.;klkBh nksu mik; vkgsr- ,d vH;kl rj nqljk oSjkX;- 'kkL=h;
Kku ;qDr /;ku dj.ks Qkj egRokps vkgs- x`gLFkkJekr /;ku dj.ks FkksMs
22

vo?kM vlrs- rj lU;k'kkauk loZ lksMY;keqGs lksis tkrs- fpk'kq/nhuarj

/;ku ;ksxkdMs oGkos- gGwgGw tkLr osG /;ku djkos- /;kukP;k vxksnj
R;kgkj Eg.kts baf;kaoj rkck rj /kkj.kk Eg.kts eu o k.k ,[kkn;k
xks"Vhoj fLFkj dj.ks ;kpk vH;kl Fke t:jh vkgs- R;kgkjklkBh r`Irh
ikfgts rj /kkj.kslkBh cGtcjhus osG ok<okoh ykxrs,dkar] 'kkar] eksdG;k LFkGh Eg.kts lglk xkokckgsj futZu LFkGh clkos[kkyh FkksMs e oL= ?kkykos- dacjsiklwu eLrdki;Zar ljG jgkos- MksGs
v/kZoV >kdkos- iq.kZ >kdY;kl >ksi ;sbZy- fnl.kkjs n`"V] ;s.kkjs vkokt]
Li'kZ] okl] Hkwd oxSjs dMs iw.kZ nqyZ{k d:u vkiyh n`"Vh lgtrsus nksUgh
Hkwo;kae/khy frl;k MksG;kdMs 'kqU;kr ykokoh- nksu MksG;kae/khy
^frl;k MksG;klkj[;k* fiuh;y xazFkhe/khy laosnu'khy iznkFkZ] lq{e
izdk'k o osxosxG;k ygjh nsf[ky xzg.k djrks- vki.k esanqrhy fiV;qVjh
xzaFkhekQZr rhph {kerk vQkV d: 'kdrks- 'oklksPNoklkyk ek.kkr
d:u vardj.kkyk 'kkar d:u] eukyk ,dkxz djkos- tls vka/kG;k
ek.klkps MksGs can >kY;keqGs R;kps Jo.ksaf; Qkj rkdroku curs- rls
ikpgh Kkusaf;kauk vkjke fnyk rj lgkos Kkusaf; eu vfr'k; rkdroku
curs- tj rs 'kq/n o ,dkxz >kys rj vkdyu 'kDrh fdrhrjh ok<rsloZ HkwrdkGkrys] vkkkps o Hkfo";krys fopkj QDr "Vk Hkkokus
Eg.kts vkoM fuoM] pkaxys okbZV oxSjs Hkkouk lksMqu eukps [ksG c?kr
clkos- gGwgGw fopkj laiwu tkrhy- eu papy vlY;keqGs rs vkRE;kr
fLFkj u gksrk fujfujkG;k fo"k;kadMs oGrs- rsOgk rs fo"k; [kksVs vkgsr]
FkksM;k dkGkiwjrs vkgsr] ek;ktky vkgs- R;kis{kk fuR; vkRE;kps fparu
dj vls eukyk letwu ijrkos- loZ nsokoj lksiowu vkiY;k vkr [kksy
[kksy] pSrU;kdMs ok vkdyu] tk.kho 'kfDrdMs y{k nsowu ,d:irk
'kks/kkoh- QDr vkRE;ke/;s ok vkiY;k vkrhy bZ'ojke/;s fLFkj Ogkosvki.k o bZ'oj ;kauk tk.kwu R;kapk ,dp laca/k izLFkkfir
djkok- loZ
Hkwrs] vkRek] cze le vkgs] loZ= vkgs gs igkoslrr vH;kl djkok ykxrks- vkiY;k varZ;keh vlysyh tk.kho kDrh
,dkxzrsus ok<okoh ykxrs rsOgk bZ ojh vuqHko ;srkr- /;kuk vxksnj
23

~ fdaok nwljk ti] uke dsY;kl] k.kk;ke dsY;kl varZ'kDrh] dqaMyhuh

'kDrh yodj tkx`r gks.;kpk laHko vlrks- /;kukr o /;kukuarj pkaxys
okV.ks t:jh vkgs rls ulY;kl /;ku R;k osGkiwjrs Fkkacokos- eu 'kkar
ulY;kl ti djkok ok /;kukiqohZ fo oklkus Lo;alqpuk ?;kO;kr- ex
FkksM;kosGkus eu 'kkar >kY;koj /;ku djkostsOgk vki.k bafnz;kauk let.kkjs ckgsjhy fopkj o vkrhy fopkjkacy
vkoM fuoM jfgr gksrks rsOgk gGwp vkiksvki /;ku ykxrs- lk{khHkkokus
Eg.kts vkiyk gk nsg lksMwu xsyk vkgs ok vfLrRokrp ukgh] vki.k osxGs
>kyks vkgksr ;k Hkkokus fopkjkaps] fpRrkps o vkiys QDr fujh{k.k djkos
ex /;ku ykxrs- /;ku eqkei.ks uOgs rj lgtrsus ykxrs/;kukus eu o 'kfjj fujksxh] 'kkar gks ykxrs- /;ku ;ksx vkiY;k
fpkkojhy lafpr laLdkj u"V djrs rj fu"dke deZ;ksx ufou laLdkj gks
nsr ukgh o iw.kZ fpk'kq/nh gksrs- ;ksX; xq:us fnysY;k 'kDrhikrkus i.k
varZ'kDrh tkx`r gksu lafpr laLdkj u"V gks.;kl] vkRelk{kkRdkjkl enr
feGrs- vktdkyP;k thoukr czeeqgwrkZoj ok ldkGh yodj mBwu
k.kk;ke] ti] /;ku dj.ks lks;hps vkgsvkRe lk{kkRdkj %& vpkud xol.kkjs Kku] fufoZdYi lek/kh- xq: isus
yodj feGrks] rj Lo;Rukus Kku ?ksrk ?ksrk fpk'kq/nh uarj /;kukr]
vkRekp fuR; vkgs o vukRek vfuR; vkgs] v'kk oLrwfoosdkuarj
vkRelk{kkRdkj gksrks- tsOgk ckgsjps feF;k txr gVrs fdaok eu cghZeq[krk
lksMwu varZeq[k gksrs rsOgk vkRelk{kkRdkj gksrks- ^eh* Eg.kts gk nsg] eu] vga
uOgs rj vkRek vkgs vlk vuqHko ;srks- bZ'oj] ek;ktky] vkRek o
ijekRE;kps ;ksX; Kku gksrs- R;kuarj dekZP;k ,soth f;k lq: gksrkrlek/kh %& eu tsOgk Ckkgsjhy txrkdMs ikB fQjowu] fuo`Rrh gksowu] varZeq[k
gksu vagHkkokP;k tk.khosiyhdMhy iw.kZ psrusdMs tkrs R;k Kkukrhr
voLFksyk lek/kh Eg.krkr- lek/khps i.k vusd dkj vkgsr24

fLFkrKRo %& gk eq[; ;ksx vkgs- fLFkrKRo Eg.kts fLFkjrk] foosdKktsOgk cq/nh foosdkus] leRokus fu"dkedeZ djr Kkukpk vk/kkj ?ksrs o
'kq/n gksu Eg.kts fo{ksijghr] fodYijghr gksu vkRE;ke/;s fLFkj
gksrs rsOgk gk eq[; ;ksx kIr gksrks- fLFkrK gk vkRen'kZukus r`Ir vlrksR;kyk frh&vklDrh] fHkrh] ks/k] bPNk] loZr`".kk] vfHkuanu&}s"k
ulrkr- jksx] fpark] nsokpk dksi] brj ek.kls&inkFkkZaiklwu gks.kkjh
nq%[ks R;kyk =kl ns 'kdr ukgh- eh o ek>s vgadkj ulrkr gk QDr
Kkuh vlrks- v'kk fu"dke fLFkrKkykp eks{k&'kkarh feGrs- mrkjo;kr
tjh gh fLFkrh vkyh rjh eqDrh feGrseks{k %& Eg.kts ije'kkarh- vkReLo:ih fLFkj gks.ks- uk ej.kkph fHkrh uk
vkiY;kikBhekxs dk; gksbZy ;kph fpark- loZ ca/kukrwu eqDrrk- eks{kkpk
mik; Kku vkgs o rs Kku uqlrs 'kCnKku uOgs rj fLFkrKrk ;ksxklg vkgsEg.ktsp eks{kkps mik; nksu Bjrkr- ,d Kku;ksx rj nqljk deZ;ksx- Kku;ksx
lk{kkr mik; vkgs rj deZ;ksx ijaijspk mik; vkgs- ifgY;k mik;kr iw.kZ
lU;klh gksu KkuekxkZus eks{kkdMs tk.ks] g;k ;qxkr FkksMs dBh.k vkgs rj]
nql;k mik;kr fu"dke deZ;ksx tUeHkj djr eks{kkdMs tk.;kis{kk loZ
;ksxkaps feJ.k d:u Kkuxr eks{k feGfo.ks lksbZLdj vkgs- Eg.kts drZO;deZ
djrk djrk fu"dke ;ksxk}kjs fpk'kq/nh djr HkDrh;ksx] /;ku;ksx oxSjs ;ksx
djr Kkuk}kjs eks{kkdMs tk.ks mfpr vkgs kfjjsaf;kaps osxosxG;k fo"k;ka'kh gks.kkjs laca/k lq[k&nq%[k ns.kkjs vkgsr o
R;keqGs vki.k tUe&e`R;w pkr vMdyks tkrks- Eg.kwu g;k laca/kkauk lgu
d:u rkC;kr Bso.kkjs eks{kkyk leFkZ gksrkr- kjC/k dekZapk Kkukus {k; gksr
ukgh] rh Hkksxkoh R;kps lq[k&nq%[k] Hkksx lkslkos- dkj.k rs Hkfo";kr ?kM.kkjs
Hkksx vxksnjp Bjysys vkgsr Eg.kwu R;k dekZaps Qy vki.k ?ks u;s- R;kaps
fpkkoj laLdkj gksow nss u;s- osxosxG;k ;ksxkaus] R;kaP;k ljkokus vkiys
lafpr Hkksx o vkkkph desZ futhZo gksrkp iwuZtUekps dkj.k mjr ukgh o
eqDrh] eks{k feGrks25

eh & vkiys 'fjj gs gkMkekalkps iapegkHkqrkaps cuysys vkgs rs dkGkek.ks

cnyrs ok u"V gksrs- gs 'fjj curkukp bZ'ojh vkRek ;k vUue; dks"kkr
os'k djrks o vkiyh pSrU;e; k.k'kDrh loZ 'kfjjkr R;sd is'khr
lkjhr djrks- ;k iaapk.k'kDrheqGs loZ 'kfjj dk;Zjr curs o tho
thokRek fuekZ.k gksrks- R;k 'kfjjkps thou lq: gksrs- thokyk tks eukse;
dks"k] var%dj.k] fp k feGrs rs iqoZ vuqHko okluk laLdkjkeqGs] iqoZ
tUekrhy iki iq.;] vr`Ir vklDr dekZeqGs 'kq) lkQ ulrs- R;kr
osxosxGs Le`frrjax vlrkr R;keqGs osxosxG;k Hkkouk o`Rrh fuekZ.k gksrkr'kfjjkP;k Kkusaf;kaP;k xjtk] dkeuk ok<w ykxrkr o ck; txrkr r`Irh
'kks/kw ykxrkr- ;k loZ osxGsi.kkeqGs thokP;k var%dj.kkr ^vga* ok [kksVk
^eh* fuekZ.k gksrks o desZ gksrkr vkf.k ijr laLdkj lap; gksrks- tho
vkiY;k eqG 'kq) pSrU;e; vkRE;kyk fol:u gs 'kfjj Eg.ktsp vki.k
v'kh vfo|k vkjaHk gksrks- ;sFks vkRek Lor% pkyuk nsowui.k osxGk lk{khp
jkghyk o tho R;kyk ek;seqGs papy eukeqGs foljyk- gk >kyk 'kfDrpk
cfgZ%eq[k] ckgsjP;k txrkdMs okl tsFks 'kkarh] r`Irh df/kp feGr ukghgs p vkrk myV fQjok;ps vkgs i.k gs vkiY;k rkdrhckgsjps dke
vkgs Eg.kwu ;k dkekps drZqRo vkiY;kdMs u ?ksrk Fke T;k bZ'ojbPNsus
vkns'kkus gs loZ lq: >kys R;kykp 'kj.k tkowu leiZ.k djkos- lrr
;Rukus var%dj.k 'kqq) djkos ykxrs- var%dj.kkr fp k] eu] cqq)h o
vgadkj ;srkr- ;krhy fp kkr iqoZ laLdkjkeqGs o`Rrh Hkkouk fuekZ.k
gksu r';k rh gksrkr- rlsp Kkusaf;kdMs fp k okgr tkr vlrstls dqBs QVkdk oktyk vlrk vkiys y{k frdMs tkrs- v';k
fp kkeqGs eukr papy fopkj ;srkr- ;klkBh loZ Kkusaf;kauk rlsp
Hkfo";krhy fpark] dYiukfoykl HkwrdkGkrhy vkBo.kh o
orZekudkGkrY;k Hkkouk] fopkjkaoj rkck feGo.ks t:jh vkgs;ksX; Kkukus cqq)hr foosdrk ;srs- tks vkiY;k foosd cqq)hus rkcMrksc
;ksX; fu.kZ; ?ksowu n`<fu'p;kus lrr vaeykr vk.krks rksp iq<s tkrksKkusaf;kaP;k fo"k;karhy ,dkp fo"k;koj Eg.kts frek]
26

vkokt ukn] varZT;ksrh] ea= oxSjsrhy ,dkoj eu ,dkxz djkosvkRE;kek.ks "V;k Hkkokus o bZ'ojkoj laiq.kZi.ks leiZ.k d:u rks ti ukn
dqBwu ;sr vkgs R;kP;k eqGkdMs y{k dsafr djkos- rlsp ^eh dks.k* ;kps
lrr fparu djkos- eukr dqBwu fopkj ;srkr R;k ^eh* P;k eqGk'kh tkostUek vxksnj eh dlk gksrks] ;sFks dk; dj.kkj] e`R;wuarj dqBs tk.kkj oxSjs- gs
loZ lgtrsus >kys vlrk eu y; ikors] ph ko`Rrh laiw ykxrkr- vkiyh
tk.kho lq{e o Hkkoh gksrs- rsOgkp eu fo'oeuk'kh ,d:i gksrs- psruk
Eg.ktsp tkf.ko] Kku- HkkSfrd ck; txrkph tkf.ko baf;kaekQZr gksrs rj
varZtxrkph tkf.ko 'kq) var%dj.kkus lq{e eukus gksrs- iM|kikfBekxpk
drkZ bZ'ojp vkgs gs letY;koj vkiyk vgadkj] drsZi.k] dkeuk R;kykp
|kok- Hkfo";dkG bZ'ojkojp lksiowu vki.k loZ ?kVuak'kh lk{khi.ks c?kkoslrr vkReLej.kkus] uke] tikus bZ'ojk'kh ,d:i >kY;koj ok
/;kuekxkZus eu y; >kY;koj brj Le`rh fp klaLdkj laiq"Vkr ;sow ykxrkr'kj.kkxrh o fu"dke drZO;;ksxkus ufou fp k laLdkj gksr ukghr o loZ
var%dj.k 'kqq) gksow ykxrs- thokyk ek;k o vkRE;krhy Qjd letwu rks
vkRE;kdMs /kko ;s ykxrks- k.k'kDrhpk okg var%eq[k gksow ykxrksosxosxG;k vuqHkwrh ;s ykxrkr- R;k okgkeqGs lekf/kr ok xq:P;k
'kfDrikrkeqGs i.k thokl Lor%psp kq) :Ik] vkRelk{kkRdkj gksrks- iq<s
dqaMfyuh 'kDrh tkx`r gksowu loZ pHksn djr oj ;sr ijekRE;kl feGrsthok f'kokps feyu gksrs- tho r`Ir] vkuane; o 'kkar gksrks- loZ= lerk
,drk ;srs- eukps mUeu curs- ^rq;kZ* P;kiq<ph voLFkk ;srs- ck;txr
varZtxr loZdkgh bZ'oje; ghp psruke; tk.kho] Kku mjrs vkf.k ^eh*
i.kp lairs- iq<s fLFkrKRok}kjs thou O;rhr gksrs] rj ck;txrkrys
drZO;deZ laiY;koj Kkus'ojkalkj[ks lek/kh ?ksrkrtsOgk ek.kql ejrks rsOgk R;kP;k 'kfjjkps fo?kV.k gksrs- laLdkjklg
vardj.kkyk ?ksu vkRek tkrks Eg.kqu R;kyk ftokRek Eg.krkr- iq<s R;kyk
iquZtUe ?;kok ykxrks- i.k ;ksX;kaps fpk vardj.k] lq{ensg ok dks"k laiq.kZ
'kq) vlY;kus] ejrkuk rs xGwu iMrkr o vkRe'kfDr eqDr gksu
ijekRE;kr foyhu gksrs- R;kaP;kdMs nsgkpk vga osxGk ^eh* ulrksp27

czeKku %& lq{e Kkukus cze tk.krk ;srs- R;klkBh ,dkxzrk] fpk'kq/nh
ykxrs- czeKku gs QDr 'kq/n ri dsY;kusp 'kD; gksrs- rikus desZaf;s
Kkusaf;kaP;k fu;a=.kkr o Kkusaf;s eukP;k] cq/nhP;k fu;a=.kkr ;srkr- rsOgk
'kDrh'kkyh >kysys eu ,dkxz d:u czeKku tk.kw 'kdrs- rikeqGs lkscr
czep;Z ok la;e vlsy rj mkep Kkusaf;kaph ckgsjph /kko Fkkacrs o rh
euke/;s ,d= ;srkr o eukph 'kDrh ok<rs o eu rIr gksu 'kq/n gksrsvUu] k.k] eu vkf.k foKku ;k mik/kh;qDr czekpk riL;sus vuqHko ;srks'kq/n fpkkus dsysY;k f;k ;k cze miklukp vkgsr- laiw.kZ fpk'kq/nhuarj
loZ= cze fnlwu ;srs,dkps vusd gks.;kP;k bPNsus Eg.kts vusdkaP;k ik'oZHkwehoj ,dRo
c?k.;kP;k bPNsus] bZ'ojkus] czekus gs loZ fo'o fuekZ.k dsys Eg.kwup g;k
loZ fo'okr vusdkr ,dp cze fnlrs- dkykarjkus ijr loZ 'kkar gksu
vusdkps :ikarj ,dkr gksrs- gk e pkywp jgkrks'kfjj cnyrs] dkG cnyrks] eu&cq/nhr Qjd iMrks] i`Fohr ok futhZo
oLrwr cny ;srks- ;k loZ= cnyR;k tUe&deZ&ej.k&ijr tUe v;k
txkr ^,d u cny.kkjs* ikBhekxs vkgs Eg.kwu loZ cny fnlr vkgsr] R;k u
cny.kk;k 'kDrhyk ijekRek] bZ'oj ok cze Eg.kk- osxosxG;k :ikrY;k
ek;sP;k] vKkukP;k ikBhekxs lR; vkgs R;kyk cze Eg.kkcze dks.kR;kgh baf;kus vkdyu gksr ukgh- tls ts MksG;kauh fnlr ukgh
i.k MksGs] eu T;kP;keqGs vkdyu d: 'kdrkr rs cze- T;k ek.ks
mtsMkrp lq;Z igkrk ;srks R;kek.ks cze] vkRek gs Kku] vuqHkokps fo"k;
vkgsr- loZ O;kih] v{k;] lq{ekr lq{e o eksB;kr eksBs] loZ oLrwrhy lkj]
tls T;ksrhrhy rst vls rs oanuh; czevkiY;k Hkkouk] o`Rrh tsFkwu fu?krkr R;k n;kr ekalkP;k n;kr uOgs
cze jgkrs- vkiY;k lokZr vkoMR;k iwT; v ;k O;fDrph izseG vkBo.k
djk rh vkiY;k kfjjkr dqBs vkgs rs n;- vkiY;k eukl ,dkxz d:u R;k
n;kr vrZaeq[k d:u ^eh* Eg.kts vkRek dks.k vkgs rs c?kk- vkiY;k
pSR;U;kph tk.kho kks/k.;klkBh vkiyh Kku xzg.k dj.;kph rkdr [kqi
[kksy [kksy lq{e djr tkos rsOgk ^vga* pk uk k gksmu czekph tk.kho gksy
28

R;sd oLrwr] vkiY;kr&loZ thokar R;kp ,dk czekps vfLrRo ok

vkRerRo vlk vuqHko ;srks rsOgk leRokus laiw.kZ fpk'kq/nh gksrs- loZ
lq[k&nq%[kkapk folj iMrks o czee; ijekuan feGrks- T;kek.ks T;kph
T;k Hkkousus mikluk dsyh tkrs] rsOgk rhp voLFkk kIr gksrs Eg.kwu cze
gsp ,d loZJs"B] 'kkar] loZO;kih vkgs] ;k Hkkousus mikluk] ,dkxzrk]
HkDrh dsyh vlrk rhp czee; voLFkk vkiY;kyk feGrs o vki.kp
czee; vlY;kph vkuane; fprh ;srst'kh cq/nh] fopkj rls vkpkj] deZ o 'kfjj curs o rlsp QG feGrslxq.k nsokaP;k mikldkauk rlsp xq.k] lkeF;Z] QG feGrs- rj fu"dke
deZ] nku] ;K] ri lk/kdkyk lkfRod czep cufors- ijczekph
mikluk gh fuxqZ.k] vO;Dr mikluk vkgs ijarw rhpk ekxZ ln~xq.kkrwu
tkrks] Eg.kwu ~ dkjkyk lxq.k cze Eg.krkr- O;Dr miklusus ve`r
feGrs rj vO;Dr miklusus eqDrh] eks{k feGrks kakrh %& Kkusafnz;s] fopkj ;kaps vfLrRo eukoj vkgs- R;krp eu vfLFkj o
papy vlY;keqGs ^eh* gk vgadkj o R;krwu iq<s dkeuk] kfjj] loZ txr]
ek;k fnlw ykxrs- v ;k kfDr:i eukP;k] fpRrkP;k ,dkxzrsyk loZ
izdkjP;k lk/kukae/;s vlk/kkj.k egRo vkgs- eukph ,dkxzrk ; kLoh
gks.;klkBh fpRr kq/nh t:jh vkgs o R;klkBh fuxzgkus dkeuk& kfjjsah;kaoj
rkck oxSjs xks"Vh t:jh vkgsr- eukr lrr fopkj ;srkr- ,dkp mPp
xks"Vhoj eu LFkhj dsys vlrk nqljk fopkj ;s.;kl tks foyac ykxrks rsFks eu
kqU; ok y; ikors- eu ljkokus vkRek ijekRE;koj ,dkxz d:u] vrZaeq[k
d:u R;kP;k eqGk kh fLFkj >kys vlrk ^vga*pk] loZ fopkjkapk] dkeukapk
o txrkpk&ek;spk y; gksrks vkf.k ex lk{kkRdkj gksrks dh] vki.k ts
letr gksrks rs ^vga* ok ^eh* Eg.kts vkiys kfjj] eu] Kkusaf;s] k.k ok ;k
lokZaph tk.kho ulrs rh xk< lq"kqfIrgh uOgs rj ^eh* Eg.ktsp ijes ojkpk
va k&vej vkRek o rsOgkp laiq.kZ kakrh o leRo feGrs- ex iq<s gs kfjj
vlY;keqGs vkiY;k drZO;f;k djr eks{ke; kakre; thou O;rhr gksrs29

xhrk Kku
&xhrk laiw.kZ Kkukoj vk/kkjhr vkgs- R;kr lkafxrY;kek.ks Hkxoarkus fo'o
fuekZ.k djrkauk nksu dkjP;k rh fuekZ.k dsY;k- ifgyh ^vijk* Eg.kts
iapegkHkwrs oxSjsauh tM 'kfjjsaf;s] tx cuys- rj R;koj ^eh* vlk vfHkeku
Bsowu ^tho* cuysyh nqljh ^ijk* rh- frusp eu] cq/nh] R;kauk gks.kkjh
lq[k&nq%[k] eksg oxSjs xq.k cuowu ek;k fuekZ.k dsyh vkgs- vijk rh
iklwu cuysY;k 'kfjjkyk ^{ks=* Eg.krkr- rj ijk rh iklwu cuysY;kyk
^{ks=K* Eg.krkr] tks 'kfjj:ih {ks=kr jkgwu R;kyk tk.krks- {ks=kyk {ks=Kkaus
^gk eh* vls eku.ks [kksVs- vijk rh iklwu Eg.ktsp HkxoarkP;k
^ek;sdMwu* osxosxG;k xq.kkaekQZr loZ desZ dsyh tkrkr- R;k R;k dkjP;k
dekZuwlkj feGkysys cjs&okbZV Hkksx g;k tUeh Hkksxwu rlsp mjys rj rs
iq<P;k tUeh feGrkr o kjC/k Bjrs- 'kfjj Eg.kts {ks= {kh.k >kY;koj {ks=K
Eg.kts vkRek] ijes'ojkpkp va'k] euklg Kkusaf;kauk ?ksu tkrks o dkgh
dkykus] dsysY;k dekZuqlkj] oklusuqlkj nqljs 'kfjj xzg.k djrks fdaok djkos
ykxrs- lRo] jt] reks xq.kh yksdkauk osxosxGs dkjps iwuZtUe feGrkrlq[k gk nsf[ky lalkjkpk nks"k vkgs- dkj.k rks xoZ] miHkksxkpk eksg o vkGl
nsrks- vkiY;kyk ;s.kk;k o nql;kP;k nq%[kkph o bZ'ojkph tk.kho nsr
ukgh- dkeuk Eg.ktsp bPNk] vklDrh gk xq.k loZ nkss"kkps dkj.k vkgsR;kiklwup iq<ps xq.k nkss"k] desZ] lalkj gksrks- dkeuk okluk] vga gs }SR;keqGs
fuekZ.k gksrs] tls ^eh gk o gh miHksxkph oLrw* i.k tsOgk loZ fBdk.kh
vkRe#i cze#i ,dRo ;srs rsOgk ^dks.k eh] dks.k rw o dks.kR;k vkiY;k
oLrw* loZ le gksrs- ex dlys lq[k vkf.k dlys nq%[k- QDr r`Irhek.klkyk Lor%P;k nsgeukiklqqu] brjkaiklqu o uSlfxZd xkss"Vhaiklqu =kl
gksrks- vrZ;keh lrr nksyk;eku [kspk[ksp] vlqjf{kri.kk vlrks] vkjke
ulrks- df/kgh r`Ir u gks.kkjs vki.k] viq.kZ baf;kaiklqu viq.kZ txkr iq.kZ
'kk'or lq[k dls feGo.kkj\ ;koj mik; vlk dh] iq.kZrsph Eg.kts
bZ'ojkph kIrh] Lo:ikuqHko- bZ'ojkiklqu osxGs jkgwu iq.kZ r`Irh ukgh
feG.kkj] R;kP;k'kh lejl HkDr Ogkosp ykxrs30

T;kps eu 'kfjj r`Ir vlrs ok dkeusyk] ^eh* yk rkC;kr Bso.kkjk]

'kfjjsaf;akuk rkC;kr Bso.kkjk] 'kakr] 'kq/nfpk] le] osxosxG;k ;ksxkapk
vH;kl dj.kkjk] vlk Kkuh eks{kkyk kIr gksrks- rks vkiY;k vkrY;k
vkRE;kyk vksG[kwu] T;k inkFkkZiklwu gh lalkj o`kh fuekZ.k >kyh vkgs]
tks loZ l`"Vhpk mRikh] lkaHkkG] uk'k djrks R;k ijes'ojkyk] R;kP;k
bPNsyk vksG[kwu] 'kj.k xsysyk vlrks- gs loZ ;RuiwoZd Kkukusp tk.kkos
ykxrsvki.k eukyk bZ'oj ijk;.k dj.ks] bZ'ojkyk 'kj.k tk.ks] bZ'ojk'khp ,d
+gks.ks] deZQy drZwRokfHkeku R;kx.ks ok bZ'ojkyk viZ.k dj.ks gkp loZ
deZifjR;kx vkgs] laU;kl vkgs- ijes'oj fuxqZ.k] :ijfgr vkgs] loZ= vkgs]
,d vkgs Eg.kts osxosxG;k nsokaph] 'kDrhaph HkDrh i.k ,d vkgs- QDr
rh ;ksX; KkuiwoZd dsysyh vlkoh- loZ tho] tx bZ'ojkr fLFkr vkgs i.k
bZ'oj R;kaP;kr fLFkr ukgh- lokZaps cht] mxe ,dp bZ'oj vkgs- rks loZ
xks"Vhrhy viwoZ lkj vkgs- tls T;ksrhrhy rst fdaok 'kfjjkrhy n; fdaok
n;kryk vkRek] lkj vkgs- R;kpek.ks bZ'oj R;sd pjkpjkr Hkjysyk
vkgs] d.kkd.kkr vkgs] R;sd 'kfjjkr vkgs] i.k R;kpk vuwHko 'kfjjkrhy
n;kr Fke gksrks- deZ] foosd o fo}Rrsojhy xoZ o bZ'ojkojhy la'k;
lksMY;koj var%izsj.kk o fnO;kuqHko ;s ykxrkrT;kek.ks dekZis{kk laU;kl Js"B vkgs R;kek.ks lxq.kksiklusis{kk
fuxqZ.kksikluk Js"B vkgs- ijarw fuxqZ.kksikluk dBh.k vkgs- vKkuh lektkyk
oG.k yko.;klkBh xhrsr lxq.kksikluk] freksikluk] O;Drksikluk
lkafxryh vkgs- lxq.knsokps #i xq.k oxSjs ;kaoj y{k ,dkxz dj.ks lksis
tkrs- R;kuarj fuxqZ.kksiklusdMs lwyHkrsus tkrk ;srs- freksikluk]
iwtk] deZdkaM djrkauk 'kq/nrk] ifo=rk jgkrs i.k uarjP;k dkGkr
R;kr 'kqHk&v'kqHk] va/kfo okl] tkrhHksn oxSjs nks"k fuekZ.k
>kys- fuxqZ.kksikluk rj le vlrs] Hksn ulrkr- fuxqZ.kksikluk dj.kkjs
vkRe:i] Kkuuh"B] Lor%gwu bZ'ojkyk kIr gksrkr rj
31

lxq.kksikluk] HkDrh] ti] bZ'kfparu dj.kk;kapk bZ'oj m/nkj djrks- tls

fparu] T;kps tls fparu rls QG feGrs- Eg.kwu o;kP;k 'ksoVh tsOgk
vktkji.k] ej.k] lokZauk lksMwu tk.ks ;kaph fHkrh okVrs rsOgk rj loZ ik'k]
dkeuk lksMwu bZ'kfparu djkos- rlsp T;k yksdkauh Kku ?ksu] Lor%yk
thou dk feGkys gs letwu ?ksu vkiys thou fu"dke deZ;ksxkr ?kkyoys
R;kauk gh fHkrh okVr ukghloZ nso nsork ijes'ojkpsp va'k] :i vkgsr- Eg.kwu FksV ijes'ojkphp
HkDrh dj.kk;kauk Js"B QG feGrs- HkDrkus sekus] ijrQsMhpk yksHk] ekx.ks
u Bsork viZ.k dsysyk {kq inkFkZ] iwtk] ,[kkns ikuns[khy Hkxoar
fLodkjrks- vki.k vkiys deZ] nku] iwtk oxSjs loZ ijes'ojkykp viZ.k
djkos o bZ'ojkyk vkiY;k lr~dekZus iwtkos Eg.kts QGklDrh]
drZqRokfHkeku jkgkr ukgh- deZca/ku i.k mjr ukgh- HkDr tjh iS'kkus]
tkrhus] dekZus ghu letr vlyk rjh KkukIrhus ;ksX; ekxZ] drZO;
?ksrY;keqGs rks bZ'ojkyk brjka,o<kp lef; gksrksvkiY;k kiafpd bPNk lQy OgkO;kr Eg.kqu yksd nsokyk HktrkrnsokdMs ekx.ks ?kky.kk;kauh] uol cksy.kk;k xjtw O;Drhauh vki.k Lor%
brj xjtwauk dkgh fnys dk ;kph vkBo.k djkoh- nsorj loZlaiUu vkgs
R;kyk nku ns.;kis{kk xjtw thokyk] lektkyk ns.ks ;ksX;- Kkuh xq:auk enr
dj.ks ;ksX;- Ckgqrsd t.k Lor%P;k lq[kklkBh] vgadkjklkBh brjkauk =kl
nsrkr] Qlorkr- R;kpk myV Hkko iMw u;s Eg.kwu nso/keZ djrkr- vki.k
dsysY;k pqdk] okbZV deZs] LokFkZ ;koj QDr nsoiwtk] gkse] nku dsys Eg.kts
>kys vls uOgs rj i'pkrki gksu vkiY;k pqdk lq/kkj.ks] desZ lq/kkj.ks gk
mik; vkgs- QDr pqdhpk eukr U;quxaM Bsow u;s-
/;ku] iwtk] ti] ;ksxkH;kl g;k vkarjhd lk/kuk vkgsr- R;k fpkkojps
iwoZ laLdkj 'kq/n djrkr rj fu"dke deZ;kssx eukoj ufou laLdkj
gks nsr ukghr- lkscr Kku ?ksrY;kus iw.kZ fpk'kq/nh gksrs o iw<s
ekxZ feGr tkrkr- lrr vH;klw o ljkokph o`Rrh Bsokoh ex uarj
Kku feGfork feGfork vkiY;kyk thoukpk vFkZ letsy- vkiyh drZO;s
32

dks.krh rs letrhy- lrr fu"dke deZ;kssx ?;kok- xq.knks"k Eg.kts dke]

ks/k] eksg] eRlj] vga] 'kksd] drZqRokfHkeku oxSjs ;Rukauh lksMwu leRo
cq/nh ?;koh- 'kfjj o baf;kaps fu;eu djkos- vkiyh drZO;s rRijrsus o
pks[ki.ks djkoh- ex vkiyh bZ'ojkP;k ek;siklwu lqVdk gksu gGwgGw
fpk'kq/nh gksbZy- uarj HkDrh;ksx] /;ku ;ksx djrk djrk bZ'ojijk;.k;ksx
djkok- tksMhyk k.kk;ke o lrr ukeLej.k ok ti vlkok- nsgcq/nh o
vgadkj lksMkosp ykxrkr- txrkP;k] 'kfjjkP;k eeRokis{kk loZ thokaoj]
bZ'ojkoj eeRo djkos] rsOgk vkRelk{kkRdkj gksbZy o iq<s fLFkrKRo ;sowu
Kku ekxsZ eks{k feGsy- lalkj o`{kkyk R;kx'kL=kus rksMwu ijes'ojkyk 'kj.k
tku eks{k feGokok fdaok dehrdeh vk;q";Hkj fu"dke deZ;kssx ?;kokEg.kts fpkkoj tqus&uos laLdkj gks.kkj ukghr o fpk'kq/nh gksbZyijes'ojkoj laiq.kZ leZi.kkpk ljko ghp v/;kRekph fdYyh vkgsgs loZ brds lksis ukgh- lrr ;Ru djkok ykxrks- ;kr vkiY;k
Kkukoj] ;Rukaoj la'k; ?ksu pkyr ukgh- vkiyh k.k'kDrh 'oklkus
fu;a=hr gksrs Eg.kqu usgeh fn?kZ 'oklks'oklkcjkscj J)k o 'kj.k;qDr vFkZiq.kZ
uke tls xk;=h ea= cksyrkuk ea=kpk vFkZ i.k lrr vkBokok] Lo;alqpuk
o usgeh 'kqHk o ldkjkRed fopkj] rh Bsokoh dkj.k tls fopkj rls
QG- lrr ljkokus tlt'kh 'kkarh o ;'k feGr tkrs rlk vkRE;kfo"k;h
fu'p; gksrks- vH;kl o ljko djrkauk euke/;s :ph fuekZ.k gksu vkGl
tkrks o rRijrk ;srs- eksg o QG lksMY;kus fpark tkrs- gGwgGw eu o 'kfjj
fujksxh gks ykxrs- vkiY;k dkekr] drZO;s dj.;kr etk ;s ykxrs/;kukus vkRE;kpk pSrU;i.kk tk.kow ykxrks- thoukryh] eukryh fujk'kk]
daVkGk] nq%[k] 'kksd gGwgGw deh gksr tkrs- eukoj 'kfjjsaf;koj rkck
feGkY;kus vkiY;kyk vf/kd mtkZ feGrs] mRlkg ok<rks] >ksi iqjs'kh o 'kkar
ykxrs- brj thokaps dY;k.k dsY;kus eu r`Ir gksrs- thou 'kkar o vkuane;
gksu eks{kkph fprh ;s ykxrs- vkkkiklwu lqjokr djk- vkGl >Vdwu
/kS;kZus fpdkVhus gk lksik ekxZ voyackok33

dkgh 'kadk o R;kaph mkjs

deZ lU;klkis{kk fu"dke deZ;ksx dk ?;kok\

& Qkj fpu dkGh lR; ;qxkr txkr loZt.k ,dkp ntkZps gksrs- laU;k'kh
o`kh gksrh- loZ oLrw lokZaP;k vlr- R;keqGs loZt.k vkuanh gksrs- i.k g;k
;qxkr gDd vkgsr] Hksn vkgs- ;kdkGh txkr loZt.k lU;klh gks.ks toG
toG v'kD; vkgs- ;k ;qxkr loZt.k desZ djrkr i.k rh fu"dke
vlkoh- x`gLFkkJekr jkgwu deZ djhr vlrkauk laU;k'kkps Js"B /keZ vkpjrk
;srkr i.k laU;k'kkyk x`gLFkkJekps dkgh /keZ vkpjrk ;sr ukghdekZpk laU;kl o dekZps fu"dkei.ks vuq"Bku gs nksUgh fpk'kq/nh }kjk
eks{kkph lk/kus vkgsr- tjh laU;kl Js"B vkgs i.k laU;kl dfB.k vlY;kus
v/kZoV laU;kl ?ks.;kis{kk deZ;ksx pkaxyk- Hkxoh oL=s u ?kkyrk dsl Bsowu
tjh KkukeqGs leRokus] drZqRokfHkeku o QyklDrh lksMwu desZ&drZO;s
dj.kkjk laU;k'khp vlrks- g;k ;qxkr x`gLFkkJe thoukP;k 'ksoVi;Zar
pkyrks- r'kh ifjfLFkrhp ;srs- uhR; desZ djkohp ykxrkr- vtk.krsi.kh
gks.kk;k fgalk] iki u"V dj.;klkBh ;K] nku] ri djkosp ykxrsvkRelk{kkRdkj >kY;koj vkRekp Eg.kts eh letY;koj deZ;ksx laHkor
ukgh i.k desZ Lor%lkBh uOgs rj brjkalkBh gks 'kdrkr- bZ'ojnsf[ky Kkuh
r R; vlrkauk tUe ?ksu desZ djrksp- brj rhu vkJe x`gLFkkJekoj
vkiyh mithohdk djrkr- QDr vkiY;k ns'kkrhy loZ yksdkauh laU;kl
?ksryk rj ijfd; vkiY;koj vU;k; djrhy ;k loZ cktwadMs foosdkus
cf?krY;kl deZlaU;k'kkis{kk fu"dke deZ;ksx pkaxyk- o`/nidkGkr QDr
laU;kl ?ks.;ktksxh ifjfLFkrh ;srs-

vkt gs loZ xhrkKku O;ogk;Z o laHkouh; vkgs dk;\

& fuf'prp gks; o r'kh xjt vkgs-

34

 desZ djrkauk QGkph bPNk dk lksMkoh \

& tj dekZP;k QGkaph bPNk Bsoyh rj dekZP;k QGkapk gsrw ok dkj.k
vki.k curks- o rh vfHkyk"kk vkiY;kyk iki&iw.;] lalkj] iwuZtUe ;kr
cka/krs- desZ ok QGs ;kafo"k;hph vklDrh lksMY;kokpwu fpk'kq/nh gksr
ukgh- R;klkBh nks?kkarhy ,d lksMkosp ykxrs- rlsp QGkph bPNk lksMyh
rjh QG gs feGrp vlrs ex R;kph fpark dj.;kr vFkZ ukgh- deZQGkis{kk
vkReKkukps] fpk'kq/nhps QG eksBs vkgs-

deZQGkph bPNk ukgh djko;kph rj deZ ;'kLoh dls gks.kkj\

vkf.k d"Vdjh desZ dk djkoh\
& bZ'ojkus vkiY;kyk T;k 'kfjjkr ikBoys vkgs R;kps thou txrkauk
R;kph drZO;s dj.ks Hkkxp vkgs- vkiY;kyk vf/kdkjkus feGkysyh desZ]
drZO;s Lo/keZ gh QGkph vklDrh lksMwu djkoh- ;ksX; dekZps QG
vkiksvki feGrsp o vkiys eu o vkjksX; 'kkar] 'kq/n jkgrs o lokZaxh.k
mRd"kZ gksrks- ;Kkps] dekZps mf"V Bsokos i.k QGklkBh ykylk] eksg Bs
u;s ukghrj vki.k ;k ek;sr vMdwu tkrks- ,[kk|kyk vf/kd d"Vkps
drZO; feGrs rks izkjC/kkpk Hkkx vkgs- i.k ;ksX; Kkumik;kus R;kps Dys k
u"V gksu QDr vkuanp jkgrks-

fu"dke desZ QyklDrh lksMwu djrkauk tx.;krhy etk ukgh dk

tk.kkj\ thoukr xrh d'kh gks.kkj\
& ;sFks ^etk* Eg.kts lq[k- i.k rks nsf[ky nks"k vkgs- lq[k fVdr ulY;keqGs
usgeh dehp iMrs o gko ok<r tkrs- lq[k feGkys ukgh rj iw<s jkx eRlj
;srks o ijr nq%[kp gksrs- vkiys vKku o v'kq/n fpk vkiY;kyk dk;e
lq[kh Bsor ukgh- tx.;krY;k ;k rkRiqjR;k etsis{kk fuR; vkuan] 'kkarh]
vkjksX;] mRd"kZ] fodkl gk fu"dke desZ QyklDrh o drqZRokfHkeku lksMwu
n{ki.ks] rRijrsus dsY;koj feGrkr- R;keqGs thoukr xrh gh gksrsp oj
'kkfjjhd] ekufld vkjksX; i.k pkaxys jkgrs- rhp [kjh etk35

 vkiY;k gkrwu gks.kkjh desZ bZ'ojkiZ.k dk djkoh\ gh va/kJ/nkp

gksrs uk\
& desZ vkRek djhr ukgh] loZ xks"Vh kjC/kkus o bZ'ojbPNsus gksr vkgsr ksoVh vkiY;kyk loZ lksMwu bZ'ojkdMsp tk;ps vkgs ex rh desZ o R;kaps
Qy bZ'ojkykp viZ.k djkos- R;kus drZqRokfHkeku o vga tkrks o fpk'kq/nh
gksrs- desZ bZ'ojfR;FkZ dj.ks Eg.kts QDr nso&nso ok iwtk djr cl.ks uOgs
rj vki.k vkiyh drZO;desZ rRijrsus dj.ks- fulxkZlkBh] lektklkBh]
xjtoarkalkBh desZ dj.ks- vKkukauk Kku ns.ks o desZ djrk djrk bZ'ojkps
/;ku] euu oxSjs dj.ks- nku] iwtk o desZ QDr rksaMkus ^bZ'ojkiZ.k djrks*
vls cksywu pkyr ukgh rj R;kojpk gDd] drZqRo o feG.kk;k QGkph
vis{kk [kjks[kjp eukiklwu lksMkoh ykxrs- ;ksX; vH;kl o ljko ;kauh
fprh ;su vkRek o bZ'ojkfo"k;h va/kJ/nk tkrs-

vkiY;k dekZpk vki.k drkZ dlk ukgh\

& ;ksX; Kku ?ksrY;koj] vkiyk vkRek] vkiys 'kfjj] bZ'oj] kjC/k ;kaph
desZ gks.;kryh Hkwfedk letrs- desZ tjh 'kfjjkus gksr vlyh rjh rh
leRokus] drZqRokfHkeku o QyklDrh lksMwu dsY;kus vki.k R;kr c/n gksr
ukgh- tls lSfud leksjP;kyk Bkj ekjrks rsOgk rks rs drZO; djr vlrks
R;kr R;kpk gsrw Lor%pk LokFkZ ulrks- rh ldke desZ ulrkr Eg.kwu R;k
okbZV dekZpk rks drkZ gksr ukgh- v'kkp dkjs nqljh i.k drZO;s desZ gks
'kdrkr- R;kauk desZ u cksyrk f;k i.k Eg.kw 'kdrks- dkj.k rh
bZ'ojbPNsus] vkiY;kyk feGkysY;k drZO;kewGs] vf/kdkjkus >kysyh
vlrkr o vki.k R;kpk drkZ gksr ukgh o R;akps fpkkoj laLdkj mjr ukgh;ksX; Kkukus bZ ojijk;.k >kY;koj vkiY;krhy vga xsY;koj drsZi.k
lairs fu"dke deZ;ksxh] ^drZqRokfHkeku* lksMY;kus dedqor curks dk\
& fu"dke deZ;ksx gk lk/kkj.k x`gLFkkJekr laHkorks- o x`gLFkkJekr
36

fof'k"B ifjfLFkrhr FkksMk xq.k nks"k pkyw 'kdrks tls eqykauk oG.k
yko.;klkBh rkRiwjrs dBksj cukos ykxrs] f'kikbZ pksjkyk f'k{kk nsrks]
brjkaP;k mRd"kkZlkBh iSls deokos ykxrkr oxSjs- gs loZ drZO; cq/nhus gksrsfu"dke deZ;ksX;kpk gsrw 'kq/n vlY;kus myV 'kkS;Z ok<rs] /kS;Z ok<rs] fHkrh
fpark lairs o R;kpk lokZaxh.k mRd"kZ gksrks- vkReKkukus o loZ ca/kukrwu
eqDrh feGkY;kus ej.kkps nsf[ky Hk; jkgr ukgh-

lq[k rs vkoM.kkjp] nq%[k rs vkoM.kkj ukghp- yksHk o jkx

;s.kkjp- rhP;k xq.kkaps mYya?ku djrk ;s.ks dls 'kD; vkgs\
&
vki.k HkkSfrd txkr vkY;keqGs] 'kfjj feGkY;keqGs rgku] Hkqd]
dke] bZ'ojkph eksgek;k ok xq.k dke d: ykxrkrp- 'kfjjkyk vUuik.kh
|kos ykxrs] rhps vkjksX; Bsokosp ykxrs] nql;k thokyk tUe ?kkykok
ykxrks gs rj 'kfjj/kekZP;k drZO;kiSdhp vkgs- Hkwd ykxyh Eg.kwu
nql;kph Hkkdjh [kspqu [kk.ks] vfr [kk.ks vlaLri.kk vkgs- dks.krsgh
deZ] Kku >kY;kf'kok; dls gks.kkj\ i.k Kkukpk foosdiw.kZ okij
d:u drZO;sdesZ dks.krh o xq.knks"k dks.krs gs Bjokos ykxrkr- tls
Kkukph bPNk] mrkjo;krhy O;oLFkk- bZ'ojkoj yksHk] gk >kyk
mPp dksVhpk LokFkZ] vafre LokFkZ ok ijekFkZ] rks pkyrks- frP;k
xq.kkais{kk 'kkarh egRokph vkgs- 'kkfjjhd] ekufld 'kkarhlkBh
frP;k xq.kkaoj 'kfjjsaf;kaoj rkck feGfo.ks vR;ar t:jh vkgsKku] ljko] fu"dke deZ;ksx gs ;koj lqanj mik; vkgsr- rlsp vkiY;k
Hkkouk] vkpkj] fopkj g;kae/;s y{kiwoZd lq/kkj.kk vk.kkoh
ykxrs- tsOgk tsOgk pqdhps iky iMrs o Hkkouk {kqC/k gksrkr rsOgk
R;kauk ijrkos t:jh vlrs- v kkosGh fo"k;karj dj.ks] osG tk
ns.ks] ekSuozr fdaok ukeLej.k i.k enr djrs- ?kM.kk;k loZ xks"Vh
nsokP;kp isus gksr vkgsr R;kcy vkiY;k Hkkouk {kqC/k dk gks |kO;kr
gk fopkj djkok- foosdi.ks daVkGk u djrk vkiY;kyk lq/kkjkos ykxrsfpk fopyhr u gks.;klkBh /;kukpk vH;kl djkok ykxrks- vkReKku
tk.kY;keqGs] bZ'ojkph ek;k tk.kY;kus frP;k xq.kkapk Qksyi.kk y{kkr
37

;srks o kjC/k Hkksx lgu djrk ;s ykxrkr- njjkstP;k ;Rukus lo;p

ykxwu lq/kkj.kk gks ykxrs- vkuannk;d ifj.kke fnlw ykxY;kus /kS;Z ;su
la'k; feVrks- vkiY;k ;Rukauk bZ'oj'kDrh i.k enr djr vlrs- Kku o
ijekuan izkIrhus laiq.kZ r`Irh gksrs-

loZ letqu i.k eu /;kukr fLFkj jkgr ukgh- papyrk d'kh

deh d#\
& vkiY;k nsgk kh o loZ lkalkfjd cktqa kh oSjkX; vfyIrrk ?ksrY;kus
eu fLFkj gksow ykxrs- ,dne mMh u ekjrk v"Vkax;ksxkrhy ik;;kauqlkj
fpRr 'kq/n djr tkos- baf;s la;eu] vkgkj fu;a=.k] ;e] fu;e] fu"dke
deZ;ksx] uke] 'kj.kkxrh] izk.kk;ke ;kauh 'kfjj o eu fujksxh] 'kkar curs
rj ti] R;kgkj] /;ku] eqfrZ/;ku ;kauh eu ,dkxz curs- lrr vH;kl]
J)k o oSjkX; Bsokos ykxrs- papy eu ,dkdh jkgkr ukgh R;kyk lrr
,dp uke ok nsokps /;ku nsu ,dkxz] leFkZ djkos ykxrs- fpark Hkfo"; loZ
dkgh nsokojp lksioqu gyds Ogkos- loZ lkalkjhd cktqa'kh oSjkX; ok
vfyIrrk ?ksrY;kus eu kakr gksrs- QDr Kkup eukyk r`Ir d: 'kdrsHkDrh;ksxkr dkght.k ,dkxzrslkBh Lor%P;k dYiuk kDrhpk mi;ksx
djrkr tls vkiY;k vkoMR;k nsokyk vkiyk fe=] xq: oxSjs ekuqu rks
nSuafnu thoukr vkiY;k cjkscjp vkgs vls dYiwu R;kP;k kh cksyrkr]
jerkr- xq:auh fnysY;k ukekps Lej.k djr ,d:i gksrkrfopkj gs eukps Lo:Ik vkgs] papy fopkj ek;k fuekZ.k djrkr o n;krwu
;s.kjk ifgyk fopkj vkgs ^eh* vkf.k rksp vgadkj vkgs- uarj osxosxGs
vla[; fopkj ;srkr i.k /;kukr gs fopkj dq.kkyk ;sr vkgsr\ eh dks.k\
v'kh lrr fopkj.kk] vH;kl d:u eukyk R;kP;k mxeLFkkukdMs ijrkoscgeq[kh eukyk ek;sdMwu ijrowu n;kdMs varZeq[k djkos- 'ksoVh ^eh* gsp
^vga* ukghls gksu loZ= vkReLo:Ik jkgrs- rksp bZ'oj] rksp
vkRelk{kkRdkj dh] ^vga czekLkh*] ^lks&gae*- vki.k R;k ijes'ojkps
va'kp vkgksr- R;k fuxqZ.k :ikps lxq.k :Ik vki.kp38

 lokZauh leRo voyacY;kus] eh o ek>s lksMY;kus dE;qfu"V

jk"Vkaek.ks vkiys jk"V rqVsy dk;\ lkezkT;oknh vesjhdk rj vkt
mPp LFkkukoj vkgs\
& xhrsr lkaxhrY;kek.ks leRo voyac.ks vkf.k eh o ek>s] eeRo lksM.ks
Eg.kts QDr ekufld ca/kus rksM.ks vkgs- drZqRokpk vfHkeku lksM.ks vkgs]
drZqRo fdaok drZO;deZ lksM.ks ukgh- ;kP;k voyacukeqGs vkiyk o
vkiY;k ns'kkpk lokZafx.k fodkl gksbZy- tMoknh dE;qfu"V iw<k;kauh leRo
pqdhP;k i/nrhus okijY;keqGs R;kaph egRokdka{kk >kdqu xsyh o R;keqGs
v/kZoV fodkl gksu jk"V rqVys- lksU;kP;k 'kks/kklkBh ykylsus xsysY;k
yksdkauh vesjhdk iq<s vk.kyh- iS'kkP;k eksgkeqGs fodkl gksu HkkSfrd lq[ks
feGr vkgsr ex R;kapk vks?k oSfnd laL rh o vkiys v/;kRe ;kdMs dk
ok<rks vkgs\

dkeuk xjtk deh dsY;kl ek.kwl vkG'kh Ckusy- fodkl dlk

gks.kkj\
& bFks ek.klkus Lor%pk LokFkZ vkojk;yk lkafxryk vkgs o vkiyh
drZO;desZ pks[ki.ks ikj ikMk;yk lkafxrys vkgs- dqVawcklkBh] xfjc
vMysY;k lektklkBh] fulZxklkBh yk[kks dkes iMysyh vkgsr- rh
dsY;koj lokZaphp izxrh gks.kkj- ex vki.k vkG'kh dls jkg.kkj-

thouke/;s R;sd xks"Vhps Vsa'ku gksrs- R;k cy dk; djkos\

& gkp rj ek;spk o vgapk rki vkgs- Vsa'ku fdaok euLrki] rk.k gk vusd
'kkfjjhd o ekufld O;k/khauk vkea=.k nsrks- t'kh desZ] fopkj rlsp
QG feGrs- dkeuk;qDr o LokFkZ;qDr desZ] nql;kadMwu vis{kk] Hk;]
vgadkj] eh o ek>s v'kk vkpkj&fopkjkaps QG vkgs rs- ;koj xhrsrp
lqanj mik; vkgs- gs vk/kqfud thou txrkauk uksdjh] /kank] iSlk] eqys] iRuh]
ukrsokbZd&fe= ;kaP;k lanHkkZr fdaok dks.krsgh dke djrkauk rs drZO;
letwu dsys] fu"dke deZ;ksxkus dsys rj Vsa'ku ;sr ukgh- ,[kknh xks"V
39

vkiY;k eukek.ks gksr ulsy rj vgadkjkus R;kpk jkx ;srk dkek u;sR;kosGh t'kh nsokph bPNk fdaok iwoZ deZHkksx Eg.kwu lkeksjs tkos- vkiY;k
ijhus vki.k dke djrp jgkos- ;s.kk;k ifj.kkekph uqlrhp fpark d:
u;s- laiq.kZi.ks kj.kxrh iRd:u loZ nsokojp lksioY;kus Vsa ku ;sr ukghR;sd ?kVuk lgtrsus ?;koh- leRokus lq[k o nq%[k nksUghr vkuan ekukokvgadkj xsyk vkiyh lektkryh osxGh frek best xsyh dh Vsa ku xsyaeukoj dks.krsgh laLdkj] jkx] }s"k] lq[k&nq%[k ukjkth Bs u;s- vfLFkj
eukyk uketi] ekSu] /;ku oxSjs xks"Vhauh fLFkj djrk ;srs- ;klkBh rRijrk]
J/nk] /kS;Z o ljko ikghts- vkiY;k thoukis{kk brj yksdkaps xfjckaps thou
fdrh d"Ve; o nq%[ke; vkgs ;kpk fopkj dsyk vlrk vkiY;kyk nsokus
fdrhrjh pkaxY;k xks"Vh fnY;k vkgsr ;kph tk.kho d#u R;kapk mi;ksx
dsyk ikghts-

d/kh u cf?krysY;k bZojkoj se dls gks.kkj\

& tj lq[k 'kkarh vkuan t:jh vkgs rj bZ'ojkph xjt o egRo vkiY;kyk
okVysp ikfgts- dkgh t.kkauk thoar xq: bZ ojkps ek/;e okVrkr dkj.k
rs R;kaP;k kh laokn d: kdrkr] rj dkgh t.k lxq.k nsokaps xq.k o ijke
c?kqu R;kaP;kdMs enr ekxrkr ok kj.k tkrkr- i.k loZ l`"Vh o
vkiY;kyk T;k bZ ojkus cuoys vkgs R;kus vkiY;kyk osxosxGh Kkusafnz;s
nsmu R;k l`"Vhrhy vkuan yqV.;kl fnyk vkgs- vkiY;k kfjjk iklqu rs
loZ txki;Zar ,d lqfu;ksthr fuehZrh dsyh vkgs- R;kpsp loZ midkj
vkiY;koj vkgsr- R;kP;k lrr vuqla/kkukus vkiysi.kk o se fuekZ.k
gksrks- vlk gk bZ ojp vkiyk vk/kkj vkgs ek;cki vkgs ex R;kP;koj
J)sus se dsys rjp vkiY;kyk vkuan feGsy- ;k bZ ojkf kok; ckfdps
loZ tx] vkiys kfjj u"V gksrs rss loZ vlR; vkgs ex QDr lR; bZ oj o
R;kpk va k vkiY;krhy vkRek ;kapsp lokZr toGps ukrs vkgs- rksp
,dVk vkiyk vkgs] ex R;kaP;krp QDr se gksow kdrs-

,o<s Qk;ns vkgsr rj loZt.k ;k ekxkZdMs dk ukgh oGr\

40

& lokZauk n`"; Qk;ns] HkkSfrd oLrw o 'kfjj ;kaCkyp vkoM vlrs R;kyk
dkj.k vkiY;kyk feGkysys papy] vr`Ir eu vkf.k ek;k- tsOgk ek.klkyk
ifjiDork] foosdi.kk ;srks fdaok thoukr ,[kknk /kDdk Cklrks rsOgk rks
fpj'kkarh lek/kku 'kks/kw ykxrks- dkght.kkauk gk ekxZ vgadkjkeqGs rqPN]
daVkGok.kk okVrks- dkght.kkauk rkCkMrksCk QG ikghts vlrs] J)k /khj
ulrks Eg.kwu rs e/ksp lksMrkr- rj dkght.k v/kZoV vkpj.k djrkr tls rs
nsonso dj.;kr ok v;ksX; xq:aP;k ikfBekxs /kko.;kr osG nMorkr i.k
fpRr'kq)h gk ik;k vkgs gs foljrkr- fuLokFkZ izse] lerk d/kh O;ogkjkr
;sr ukgh- iqLrda uqlrh okprkr i.k vkpj.k Cknyr ukgh- ijekFkZ djrkuk
lkekU; thou txrk ;srs gs yksdkauk letrp ukgh] myV gs thou 'kakr]
fujksxh o mRd"kZe; vlrs-

eks{k gs vafre y{k vkgs dk\

& 'kkari.ks] rVLFk cq/nhus fopkj djk dh] thoukr dk; dsY;koj
vkiY;kyk lq[k] lQyrk] vkjksX; feGsy rsOgk Fke MksG;kleksj ;srks
iSlk- i.k iSlk Bjkohd lq[k nsrks- rs i.k dk;eps uOgs- eu d/khp lek/kkuh
gksr ukgh- vkiY;k bPNk] xjtk ok<rp vlrkr- vis{kk&dkeuk iw.kZ u
>kY;koj ukjkth ;srs] jkx ;srks- udGr }s"k d: ykxrks- R;krwu vukjksX;
;srs- thoukr dkgh nq%[knk;d ?kVuk gksrkr rsOgk iSlk dke djr ukghthoukoj vkiys fu;a=.k ulwu R;k ikBhekxs osxGhp 'kDrh vkgs- ksoVh
vk<Grs dh eukph 'kkarh gsp [kjs lq[k vkgs- frP;k kIrhlkBh]
xq.knks"kklkj[;k dkgh xks"Vh R;kxwu] dkgh xks"Vhaoj fu;a=.k Bsu] ,dkxzrk
lk/kqu] 'kj.kkxrh iRd:u] cq/nhpk foosdiw.kZ okij d:u] lQy thoudeZ
o fpk'kq/nhps larqyu lk/krk ;srs- Lor%P;k mRd"kkZlkBh brj lektkpk]
fulxkZpk fodkl i.k t:jh vkgs- vkiY;krhy >kdkGysyk bZ oj kIr
dj.ks o vkiY;k k thoukrhy drZO;desZ dj.ks t:jh vkgs- ;kp tUekr
thou lQy gks.ks t:jh vkgs R;klkBh rkcMrksc ;ksX; ;Ru lq: djk;yk
gosr- ;k lq[kh thoukyk] lQyrsyk] r`Irhyk] 'kkarhyk] vkReKkukyk]
ijekuankyk] bZ ojkIrhyk eqDrh&eks{k gsp uko vkgs uk !
41

xhrk mins'k vkKk

1- lrr foosdkus Kkukph kIrh dj.ks2- vkpk;kZaph lqJw"kk dj.ks o R;kaP;kdMwu KkukIrh d:u ?ks.ks3- tUe] Egkrkji.k] jksx] ej.k] nq%[k ;krhy nks"kkapk fopkj dj.ks4- vkgkj] fogkj] fuk] tkxj.k] deZ ;kapk vfrjsd u gks ns.ks5- 'kfjj o 'kfjjsaf;kapk fuxzg dj.ks Eg.kts thHk] Ropk oxSjs baf;kaps
t:jhis{kk tkLr pkspys iqjor u cl.ks- fdaok 'kfjjkP;k xjtk iqjorkauk
R;kpk vfrjsd u gks ns.ks] lek/kkuh jgk.ks6- fnl.kk;k o u fnl.kk;k oLrwwaph] fo"k;kaph bPNk] fpark lksM.ks] Eg.kts
dks.krhgh xks"V >kyh fdaok feGkyh rjh Bhd ukgh rjh Bhd] lokZar vkuan
eku.ks7- lRoxq.kkauk toG ?ksu jtks o reks xq.k lksM.ks8- ;ksx{kseph fpark okgr u cl.ks9- dke] ks/k] eksg] eRlj] 'kksd] vga] eeRo] fHkrh eqGhp u ckGx.ks10- loZ= le let.ks- Eg.kts loZ thohrkapk o vkiyk vkRek ,dp vkgsdksBsgh mPpuhp oxSjs HksnHkko u dj.ks11- f; oLrwpk] O;fDrpk fo;ksx >kyk ok nqjkoyh vlrk 'kksd u dj.ks12- b"V oLrqaph kIrh >kyh vlrk vfr[kw"k u gks.ks o vfu"V oLrw kIr
>kyh vlrk ok vfu"V ?kVuk ?kMyh vlrk okbZV u okV.ks- Eg.kts vkiY;k
Hkkoukaoj rkck feGfo.ks ok vkiY;k LoHkkokP;k LokHkkfod o`khpk vfrjsd
u djrk fu;eu dj.ks- vkiY;k vlek/kkuh papy eukoj rkck feGfo.ks13- 'kfjj o R;kP;k baf;kaP;k fo"k;kauk] bPNkauk lDrhus uOgs r
vkd"kZ.k u"V d:u vkiY;k Lok/khu Bso.ks- cGtcjh dsY;kl iq<s ek.kql
fpMphMk] gh cuw 'kdrks- tjh fo"k;kaps Kku >kys ok leksj vkys
rjh R;kps laLdkj] okluk eukr u Bso.ks rlsp R;k fo"k;kaps
42

fparu u dj.ks] R;kaph r`".kk u dj.ks- mnk- pepehr vUu] e vklu]

L=h&iq:"k oxSjs fo"k;kaeqGs ogkr u tk.ks14- drZqRokfHkeku Eg.kts gs dke eh dsys vlk xoZ o QGkaph vklDrh
Eg.kts feG.kk;k ekscnY;kdMs c?kwu deZ dj.ks] vls u Bsork desZ dj.ks15- vkiyh drZO;s o vf/kdkjkus feGkysyh desZ tk.kwu n{ki.ks o rRijrsus
ikj ikM.ks16- loZ desZ bZ'ojkiZ.k dj.ks17- lq[k o nq%[k ns.kk;k loZ xks"Vh ,dlkj[;k let.ks18- nq%[kh thoakoj n;k dj.ks- lektkrhy izfres[kkrj uOgs19- dks.kkpkgh }s"k u dj.ks20- lokZa'kh fe=Rokus] lersus jkg.ks- R;sdkr bZ ojp vkgs vls letqu
se] lsok dj.ks21- fui{kikrhi.ks okx.ks o fu.kZ; ?ks.ks- 'k=w o fe= nks?kkalkBh ,dp O;ogkj
dj.ks- Hkz"Vkpkj u dj.ks22- eku&vieku] f;&vf;] 'kqHk&v'kqHk] ekrh&lksus ;kauk le
let.ks23- dks.khgh vkiyk vijk/k dsyk] fpMoys] nq%[k fnys rjh eukr q/n u
gksrk R;kyk vKkuh letwu {kek dj.ks- R;kyk nq%[k ns.;kis{kk R;kyk
i'pkrki gksu] ;ksX; Kku feGwu rks lq/kkjkok gh bPNk] kFkZuk djkoh24- ok.khps fu;eu dj.ks- nql;kph xqIrrk frl;kyk lkaxq u;s]
pgkM;k&HkkaM.ks ykow u;s- nql;kyk okbZV cksyw u;s] [kksVs ok ekghr
ulysys cksyw u;s- ts vki.k nql;kl nsrks rs oLrqr% vki.k vkiY;klp nsr
vlrks25- usgeh 'kkar] larq"V lek/kkuh] vkuanh o lUu jkg.ks26- varZckg; 'kfjjkph] eukph 'kq/nrk LoPNrk o ifo=rk Bso.ks27- HkkaM[kksj] 'kkL=&laLdkj 'kqU; yksdkae/;s u jgk.ks] Kkuh yksdka'kh
laokn dj.ks-

43

28- dksBsgh eh eksBk /kkfeZd] Kkuh vlk vko u vk.k.ks- /ku] dqy] fo|k
;kapk xoZ u dj.ks29- 'kq/nHkkokus dks.krsgh dke] nql;k'kh O;ogkj dj.ks] R;kr diV
Qlo.kwd] [kksVsi.kk ulkok- nso c?kr vlrks30- nql;kyk nk[kfo.;klkBh] Hkko ikM.;klkBh ok ykylsus nku]
enr] ;K] iwtk oxSjs u dj.ks31- dks.kkgh thforkyk fouk ;ksX; dkj.k ihMk u ns.ks- loZ thohrkar] tks
dks.k laiZdkr ;srks R;kr ijes'ojkpkp va'k vkgs gs letwu dks.kkykgh
nq%[k u ns.ks- myV lsok] lUeku] se ns.ks32- xjtoarkyk enr o HkwdsysY;kyk vUu ns.ks33- vki.k lkfRod o ikghts rso<sp vUu [kk.ks34- lUu o ifo= Bhdk.kh okLrO; dj.ks35- vkiys 'kfjj o vkRek] ijekRek ok bZ'oj ;kauk tk.k.ks36- ijekFkkZfo"k;h] eks{kekxkZr cq/nh fLFkj Bso.ks] la'k; u ?ks.ks37- ri] ;K] osnkH;kl] 'kkL=kH;kl dj.ks38- ;ksxkH;kl] k.kk;ke] ~dkj pk lrr ti ok vU; uke ?ks.ks39- /;ku dj.ks] vkiys eu] cq/nh vkRE;kP;k&bZ'ojkP;k fBdk.kh ,dkxz
dj.ks40- ,dkp fBdk.kh okLrO; u dj.ks41- xjtw yksdkalkBh] lektklkBh dkes dj.ks] R;kauk Kku ns.ks42- thoukr 'ksoVh iapkrhy d'kkphgh bPNk u dj.ks] ,sfgd o
ikjykSfdd fo"k;kaojhy R;kx] oSjkX; ?ks.ks43- dksBsgh eeRo ok HkkoukRed ca/ku u Bso.ks- tls /ku] x`g] iq=] iRuh]
vkiyh o nql;kph fpark] ek>s o eh R;kapk] vkiY;kuarjph fooapuk
ca/ku oxSjs loZ lksM.ks44- ,dkUrkr jkg.ks o bZ'ojkpsp /;ku dj.ks45- vkReLo:ikr jkg.ks-

44

Lo;alqpuk& ladYi] frKk] kFkZuk

Lo;alqpuk k lqjokrhyk ok /;kukP;k ifgY;k VII;kr] vkRefo'oklkus o
J)sus ?;kO;k ykxrkr- njjkst dehrdeh rhu ;ksX;osGh ok ldkGh mBrkuk
vkf.k >ksirkuk ,dkxzrsus ?;kO;k fdaok ikB gksbZi;Zar okpkO;k- tso<;k
lqpuk deh rso<k Hkko tkLr- ;kuh la'k; o m.ksi.kk tkrks- oS;fDrd
xjts ek.ks lqpukae/;s cny djkok- udkjkRed lqpuk ulkO;krlq[kklu ok 'koklu ?ksu MksG;kleksj 'kqHk fpUg ok fp= Bsokos ok eukleksj
vk.kkos fdaok ,dkxzrsus ti djkok] fn?kZ'okl Bsokok- FkksM;kosGkus ok MksGs
tM gksrhy rsOgk 'okl ean djkok] ti can djkok- ik;kP;k cksVkaiklqu
MksD;ki;Zar R;sd vo;okrhy rk.k u"V gksr vkgs] loZ 'kfjj dkilkek.ks
gyds gksr vkgs v'kh dYiuk ok lqpuk djkoh o iq<hy mnk- lqpuk ?;kO;kr
1- fo'oO;kih loZ 'kfDreku bZ'ojkps HkqRo o vkiY;k thoukojhy rkCkk
eh ekU; d:u R;kyk 'kj.k tkr vkgs2- eh bZ'ojkpkp va'k vkgs gs letY;keqGs ek>h varZ'kDrh tkx`r gksr vkgs
o eu 'kkar vkuane; o r`Ir gksr vkgs3- ek>s HkforO;] lq[knq%[k] fpark loZdkgh bZ'ojkoj lksioY;keqGs eh eqDr
o lqj{khr >kyks vkgs o ek>s eu] 'kfjj vkjksX;nk;h gksow ykxys vkgs4- fo'okl vkf.k /kS;Z feGkY;kus ek>s 'kfjjsh;kaoj o eukoj laiq.kZ fu;a=.k
vkys vkgs vkf.k ek>h loZ v'kq)h u"V gksr vkgs5- loZ ckcrhr ldkjkRed n`f"Vdks.k vkY;keqGs ts dkgh gksr vkgs rs
pkaxY;klkBhp gs eyk letys vkgs6- eu le vkf.k r`Ir >kY;keqGs eyk jkx&}s"k ;sr ukgh dh fHkrh ukgh]
dks.kR;kgh O;lukph xjt ukgh dh vgadkj ukgh7- eyk gs 'fjj o vf/kdkj feGkY;keqGs eh vkiyh drZO;s fu"dkecqq/nhus
rRijrsus o lgtrsus djr vkgs8- eh lrr fn?kZ'oklkcjkscj nsokps vFkZiq.kZ uke u foljrk ?ksr vkgs9- fnolsafnol ek>h foosdcqq/nh] Lej.k'kDrh o ,dkxzrk ok<r vkgs10- bZ'ojkP;k isus lrr ;Ru d:u eyk ;'k feGr vkgs11- njjkst eh R;sd ckcrhr lq/kkjr pkyyks vkgs45

txkrhy loZJs"B Kku Eg.kts ts vkiY;k thoukps lokZaxh.k /;s; dk; rs

lkaxrs] rs vkgs vkReKku- mRkarh gk fulxkZpk fu;ep vkgs- va/kkjkrqu
mtsMkdMs] vKkukrqu KkukdMs] ca/kukrqu eqfDrdMs ok papyrsdMqu
fLFkjrsdMs tk.ks mfprp vkgs- ijes'ojizkIrh ;k lk/;klkBh vkiys thou
gs lk/ku Eg.kqu vkiY;kyk feGkys vkgs- fo'okpk kjaHkz gks.;kP;k vxksnj
vlysY;k 'kqU; ok fcanwP;k ifydMsi.k bZ'oj vlrks Eg.kwup ;k loZ
txrkph fufeZrh >kyh- R;klkBh eukP;k fu"iki 'kqU; o`Rrhjfgr
voLFksifydMhy bZ'ojkph ,d:irk egRokph vkgs o R;klkBh fuo`Rrh
gksowu ok ti /;kukr R;k ,dV;k lR; bZ'ojkojp fpRr dsafr] lq{e djkos
ykxrs- bZ'ojkP;k vuqHkqrhlkBh vkdyu kDrh vkr vkr U;koh ykxrseuq";kyk okluk] laLdkjkP;k ca/kukeqGs iquZtUe feGrks v kkarh feGrsR;kP;k vklDr fopkjkapk] dekZpk gsrw ck/kd Bjrks] R;kps deZ uOgs- Eg.kts
,drj gs txr] nsg oxSjs loZ ek;k] vukRek letqu vMdw u;s o fu"dke
deZ djkos fdaok fopkj] dkeuk] okluk] o`Rrh] se] deZ oxSjs loZdkgh
R;k lR; bZ'ojkdMs oGowu lrr 'kj.kkxr jgkos'kfjj feGkY;keqGs nsgcq/nh] vga] deZ oxSjs gks.kkjp- thoukr gks.kk;k
?kVuk fo/khfy[khr vkgsr o 'kfjjkyk kjC/kkps Hkksx gks.kkjp gs loZ rj
bZ'ojbPNkp- R;kpk ifj.kke eukoj lq[k nq[kk%}kjs gksr vlrks- kjC/k
fueqVi.ks Hkksxqup laiokos ykxrs- iqoZlaLdkjkuqlkj var%dj.kkr Hkko r;kj
gksrkr i.k R;k Hkkokr bZ'ojsjhr foosdcq/nhuqlkj cny djrk ;srksijes'ojizkIrh gk vkarfjd ok ekufld ;ksx vlY;keqGs kjC/kkpk Hkkx deh
o foosdcq/nhus iz;Ru dj.;kpk Hkkx vf/kd vkgs- vkiyh cq/nh o ;Ru
bZ'ojbPNs[kkyh pkyowu o`Rrhoj] fopkjkaoj] ufou dekZoj rkck gksow
'kdrksKku gs vkRE;kps LokHkkfod :i vkgs rj cq/nh gh vkRe'kfDrph Kkuh;k
vkgs- R;keqGs cq/nh papy vkgs- ek;sP;k Hkkok[kkyh rh v;ksX; pkyrs rj
bZ'oj] ln~xq: o KkukP;k Hkkokus ;ksX; ln~cq/nhr :ikarjhr gksrs- tjh
o`Rrh] LoHkko gk fpRrxq.klaLdkjkek.ks gksrks i.k ln~foosdcq/nh}kjs
vkiY;k eukyk fopkjkauk oGowu var%dj.kkoj gks.kkjs okluk] laLdkjkaps
46

vk?kkr VkGrk ;srkr- lrr bZ'ojbPNsr] ukekr jkgwu r`fIrph] 'kkafrph o

fu"dke lgtrsph Hkkouk fuekZ.k d:u vkiys usgehpsp thou deZ o
laLdkj 'kq/n Bsork ;srkr T;k;ksxs kjC/kkr Hkj iMr ukgh kfjjkrhy vkRE;kps pSrU;] Kku o tkf.ko gh 'kq/n vlrs i.k R;kr
iqoZlaLdkjkizek.ks o nsgcq/nh] vgaeqGs osxosxG;k o`Rrh r;kj gksrkr o eukr
R;kdkjps papy fopkj] dkeuk ;sow ykxrkr o fpRr y{k rsFks HkjdVw
ykxrs- iq<s gsp froz gksowu rlk LoHkko curks] deZ gksrs o ijr oklukaps
laLdkj var%dj.kkoj teq ykxrkr- gsp okluk laLdkjkaps vkd"kZ.k ca/ku
iquZtUekps dkj.k curs- rsOgk gs laLdkj 'kq/n dj.ks] lrr 'kq/n Bso.ks o
o`Rrh fLFkj dj.ks Fke y{k Bjrs- lnkpkj] lerk] lek/kku] lR; bZ'ojkoj
J/nk] leZi.k] lgtrk] vfyIrrk] fu"dke deZ;ksx o ;akpk lrr ljko
oxSjsauh gs y{k xkBw 'kdrks- iq<s dkgh dkGkus fpRr'kq/nh gksowu bZ'ojkoj
fpRr fLFkj dsys vlrk fdaok vkRefparukr] vkarjeu ok frHkk tkxzqr
gksowu lq{ekr vkr tkr vkRepSR;ukyk tk.kw ykxrs- ln~cq/nhus fodlhr]
'kq/n o lq{e dsysyh tk.kho ok vkdyu'kDrh gh vkRE;kph tk.kho ok
Kku d:u nsrs i.k ghp vkdyu'kDrh LFkqykr usgeh vkiY;kyk nsg] txr
o vgaph tk.kho d:u nsr vlrs Eg.kts rhp o`Rrh] afopkj] eu vkgs rhp
ek;k vkgs vkf.k ghp ek;k ln~cq/nhus ;ksX; fn'ksyk oGork ;srs- ;ksX;
lk/kusus fuo`Rrh gksowu thokojps] pSR;U;kojps ek;sps vkoj.k gVrkp R;kps
Lor%ps vkRE;kps Kku ckgsj ;srs- vkf.k R;k cq/nhyk vkdyu'kDrhyk tho
f'ko ,dp gs letrs- i.k gs loZ dks.k djors rj bZ'oj:ih ek;kpEg.ktsp ;ksX; :ikrys Kku rksp vkRek rj v;ksX; :ikrys Kku rhp
ek;k- ;kpk vFkZ ek;k] loZ tx] vki.k] vkRek] ijekRek ,dp vkgsrrsOgk R;kaph ,d:irk] r`Irh] 'kj.kkxrh] fu"dke drZO;] lsok] R;kx]
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terks] i.k loZlkekU;kuk usgehps vk/kqfud thou txrkuk fu"dke
deZ;ksx] fpRr'kq/nh o bZ'ojkps lrr 'kj.kkxr vuqla/kku uke ;k}kjs
'kkarh bZ'ojkIrh 'kD; gksrs47

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Hkj.;kr ok LokFkhZi.ks tx.;kr u ?kkyork Kkukus foosdcq)h fodlhr d:u
vkiY;k eukoj] baf;akoj rkck Bsu] var%dj.k 'kq/n d:u] gs ter
ulY;kl fuOoG 'kj.kkxrh iRd:u ;k Hkwrykoj ca/kwHkkokus] lersus jkgr
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lokZaP;k mRd"kkZlkBh- vkiY;koj ;s.kk;k vkikh] jksx] Egkrkji.k o e`R;w
;kauk lkeksjs tkrkauk vkiys eu o fpk 'kkar o fLFkj jgkos ;klkBh vkf.k
'kq/n gksowu bZ ojh rRokr dk;eps kakri.ks foyhu gks.;klkBhvki.k vkiyh eukso`kh o dke dj.;kph lo;p cnyyh ikfgtsvkiY;k lac/kkr ;s.kk;k izR;sd thokae/kyk pkaxysi.kk ?ksu vkiY;k
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usu Bsoys ikfgts- lrr lo; ykx.;klkBh fdrZu] laxhr oxSjs ,[kknk Nan
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mRreeks{k] iquZtUe feGks u feGks] dqaMfyuh kDrh tkx`r gksoks u gksoks] bZ oj
feGks u feGks i.k kkare;] vkuane;] mRd"kZe; o vkjksX;nk;h thou
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