AP European History Practice Exam

EUROPEAN HISTORY
SECTION I Time55 minutes 80 Questions Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then place the letter of your choice in the corresponding box on the student answer sheet. 1. Which of the following best characterizes Renaissance humanists? (A) They rejected Christian perspectives. (B) They concentrated on the study of humans from a biological perspective. (C) They rejected writers from the pre-Christian period. (D) They emphasized rhetoric based on classical models. (E) They maintained the principles of medieval Scholasticism. 2. Which of the following roles was most socially acceptable for an educated woman in Renaissance Europe? (A) Accountant (B) Sculptor (C) Biblical scholar (D) Political adviser (E) Patron of the arts 3. Calvinist opposition to Spanish rule in the Netherlands during the sixteenth century took all of the following forms EXCEPT (A) the destruction of religious images in Roman Catholic churches (B) increased efforts to convert people to Protestantism (C) attempts to assassinate Philip II (D) demonstrations against the execution of heretics (E) civil war between Roman Catholics and Protestants 4. In his Institutes of the Christian Religion, John Calvin sought to (A) answer the Roman Catholic Churchs doctrinal reforms formulated at the Council of Trent (B) systematize Protestant doctrine as the basis for a reformed Christianity (C) challenge the growing political authority of kings through the articulation of a theory of political resistance (D) promote a dialogue with the Roman Catholic Church (E) raise the cultural level of Europeans by

supporting universal schooling 5. Roman Catholics, Lutherans, and Calvinists condemned Anabaptists for their (A) belief in church-state separation (B) support for infant baptism (C) secular outlook on the world (D) support for papal supremacy (E) use of magic to achieve religious reform 6. The goals of Protestant princes in Germany before 1555 included the (A) abolition of the Holy Roman Empire (B) achievement of religious toleration for all German people (C) recognition of Lutheranism as a legitimate form of religion (D) extension of Protestantism to all of Europe (E) economic and commercial unity of the German states 7. Copernicus primary contribution to the Scientific Revolution was his theory of (A) elliptical planetary orbits (B) the universal law of gravitation (C) the principle of inertia (D) a geocentric universe (E) a heliocentric universe 8. How did subsequent French monarchs view the Edict of Nantes, issued by Henry IV of France in 1598? (A) As sinful, because it undermined the Protestant faith (B) As dangerous, because it established a state within the state (C) As useful, because it separated church and state (D) Unfavorably, because it gave the papacy control over the French church hierarchy (E) Favorably, because it unified state and church 9. Which of the following was a major factor in the spread of humanist culture in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries? (A) The creation of new religious orders by

the papacy (B) Annual meetings of humanist scholars in Italy (C) A major increase in government funding for elementary education (D) The development of the printing press (E) The sale of basic textbooks written in the vernacular 10. The enclosure movement beginning in the sixteenth century had as its aim the: (A) replacement of communal with commercial agriculture. (B) segregation of Jewish communities within walled ghettoes. (C) creation of state prisons for those opposed to absolutism. (D) consolidation of manufacturing processes under one roof. (E) combination of various denominations into a unified reformed Church. 11. A major reason for the enslavement of millions of Africans by Europeans in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was: (A) the need to remedy a labor shortage in Europe. (B) as mercenary soldiers in continental warfare. (C) to work in the new textile mills in Great Britain. (D) as a by- product of European conquests in Africa. (E) as laborers on plantations in the Americas. 12. Which of the following is an important defense of the principle of absolute monarchy? (A) John Locke, Two Treatises on Government (B) Ren Descartes, Discourse on Method (C) Sir Thomas More, Utopia (D) William Shakespeare, King Lear (E) Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan 13. Which of the following viewed the universe as a vast machine controlled by the laws of gravity and inertia? (A) Copernicus (B) Newton (C) Kepler (D) Galileo

(E) Spinoza 14. The two European powers that defied the pattern of absolute, centralized government by the end of the seventeenth century were (A) Sicily and Portugal (B) England and the Dutch Republic (C) France and Austria (D) Poland and Sweden (E) Spain and Prussia 15. Which of the following statements represents the major accurate characterization of the Enlightenment philosophes views regarding the natural world? (A) Nature is an awe- inspiring spectacle that brings us closer to our spirit and to the Divine Creator (B) The human capacity to understand natures is limited by irrational impulses in the human psyche (C) Humans can use reason to understand the laws of nature and thus control their environment (D) We must respect the complexity of nature by protecting its resources and the diversity of animal life (E) Humans can never understand nature in itself but only the way it presents itself to our senses 16. Which of the following was a result of the Thirty Years War? (A) England and Spain became the dominant powers in Europe. (B) Calvinism was made the state religion of the Hapsburg Empire. (C) The Hapsburg dynasty solidified its control over the Holy Roman Empire. (D) The Holy Roman Empire enjoyed widespread economic and demographic growth. (E) The political fragmentation of the Holy Roman Empire was maintained. 17. An important factor in establishing French absolutism was the (A) creation of a central, state bank centered in Paris (B) separation of the Roman Catholic Church and the French state (C) increased power of the nobles in their

localities (D) royal ban on sales of bureaucratic offices and the prevention of personal loans (E) royal appointment of intendants to supervise affairs in the provinces 18. Which of the following were major causes of the inflation in prices that occurred in Europe in the sixteenth century? (A) Deficit spending and high taxes imposed by national governments (B) Declining food production and increasing luxury-good production (C) Declining imports from Asia and increased spending on colonies in the New World (D) Increasing population and an influx of precious metals from the New World (E) Declining value of land and increased wages paid to laborers 19. Which of the following contributed most strongly to the decline of Sweden as a major European power in the early eighteenth century? (A) Over commitment to colonial ventures in the Americas (B) Significant population decline due to famine and disease (C) Internal religious conflict between Lutherans and Calvinists (D) Rejection of Enlightenment ideas by the Swedish monarchy (E) Rivalry with the larger and more resourcerich Russia 20. Oliver Cromwell led an English invasion of Ireland primarily in order to (A) gain manpower and resources for a war against France (B) support the Roman Catholic nobility (C) establish a base for harassing Spains Atlantic trade (D) create a safe haven for Protestants outside England (E) defeat a royalist uprising against the Parliamentary government

21. Mercantilism is a system of economic principles emphasizing (A) noninterference by the government as the best way to attain efficient production and prosperity (B) the important role trade guilds play in regulating production to the advantage of local interests (C) government ownership of the means of production (D) government intervention to secure a favorable balance of trade and the growth of national reserves of gold and silver (E) government manipulation of interest rates in order to stabilize currency exchange rates 22. Seventeenth-century rulers supported the development of scientific academies primarily because rulers (A) wanted to control dangerous technologies (B) felt the academies would lead to an educated electorate and political reform (C) needed a way to reward intellectuals in royal service (D) believed that academies offered valuable technical benefits and enhanced royal prestige (E) believed that scientists were political subversives who should be watched closely 23. Dutch paintings of the Golden Age of the seventeenth century are noteworthy for their emphasis on which of the following themes? (A) Stories from the Greek and Roman classics (B) Battles against France (C) Christian saints (D) Ordinary Dutch households (E) Kings and nobles 24. Baroque architecture differed from Neoclassical architecture of the same time period in its (A) strict geometric designs (B) avoidance of any religious references (C) rich use of symbolism and decoration (D) subtle undermining of the authority of sovereign powers

(E) reliance on Celtic rather than Greek or Roman models 25. Which of the following accurately describes a major change in status experienced by Russian serfs in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries? (A) They gained new rights and freedoms as a result of the governments Westernization policies. (B) They gained exemption from military service because their labor was essential to the estates of the landed gentry. (C) They lost rights, including the right to own property and the right to petition the czar against their masters. (D) They moved to urban areas in large numbers as industrialization created new employment opportunities. (E) They gained their freedom as the nobles and monarchs realized that a free peasantry would be more productive. 26. Capitalists used the putting-out or domestic system primarily in order to (A) operate outside the restrictive guild system (B) find ways to put women to work (C) take advantage of high unemployment rates in overcrowded cities (D) take advantage of the enclosure movement (E) avoid building large factories 27. Which of the following contributed most to population growth in western Europe during the second half of the eighteenth century? (A) Governmental relief measures (B) Fewer wars (C) The introduction of new food staples (D) Improved industrial working conditions (E) Emigration from eastern Europe 28. The two nations that pioneered the Agricultural Revolution of the eighteenth century were: (A) France and Great Britain (B) Great Britain and the Netherlands (C) France and Prussia (D) Poland and Russia

(E) Austria and Spain 29. During the eighteenth century, young peasant women in western Europe increasingly (A) worked as farm laborers on large farms (B) left home to work as domestic servants (C) married into the middle class (D) joined guilds and became skilled workers (E) gained property rights 30. In The Wealth of Nations (1776), Adam Smith strongly advocated a policy of (A) high tariffs and government-sponsored industry (B) free trade and minimal government interference in the economy (C) taxes for support of social institutions such as schools and hospitals (D) encouraging a favorable balance of trade by limiting imports (E) national workshops to provide employment for the poor 31. Many European intellectuals viewed Frederick the Great of Prussia (reigned 17401786) as an enlightened despot because of his (A) role in the War of Austrian Succession (B) policies of religious toleration (C) expansion of the Prussian army (D) support of the Junker aristocracy (E) acceptance of a written constitution 32. The chief foreign-policy aim of Great Britain in the wars of the eighteenth century was to (A) revive the Holy Roman Empire as an effective political entity (B) curb the spread of Roman Catholicism into Protestant lands (C) prevent France from becoming the preeminent European and colonial power (D) gain free access to European markets for its manufactured goods (E) secure a stable supply of imported food for its growing population 33. In general, the standard of living of the average

worker in England improved in the eighteenth century primarily because (A) the cost of luxury items such as coffee, tea, sugar, and chocolate decreased (B) wages went up as the population decreased (C) the spread of railways led to better access to manufactured goods (D) government regulation led to improved working conditions (E) housing improved with new technology 34. Which of the following best describes the French social structure on the eve of the French Revolution (1789) (A) increasing equality among classes as a result of government policies (B) a growing rift between the clergy and nobility over tax exemptions (C) establishment of a political alliance between peasants and bourgeoisie (D) resentment by the Third Estate of noble and clerical privileges (E) refusal of Louis XVI to consider any changes in the unequal tax system 35. Which of the following was the most important cause of discontent among the French peasantry in the decades leading up to the French Revolution? (A) The failure of the government to encourage significant emigration to Canada (B) The efforts by many landowners to revive various kinds of taxes and feudal dues (C) The spread of Enlightenment critiques of organized religion (D) The drafting of large numbers of peasants to serve in the French army (E) The creation of large numbers of robe nobles by the French monarchy 36. Which of the following dynasties achieved continental domination through a series of strategic marriages in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries? (A) Valois (B) Tudor (C) Habsburg

(D) Romanov (E) Jageillon 37. The Columbian Exchange, which followed exploration and colonization in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, resulted in: (A) successful efforts to integrate European and Native American production methods. (B) an improved European diet by the addition of crops such as tomatoes and potatoes. (C) a revival of Native American religion under the guidance of the Jesuit order. (D) the domination of English culture in much of North and South America. (E) successful independence movements among the natives of South America. 38. During the Dutch revolt against Spain, the Union of Utrecht (1579) functioned as: (A) an alliance of Catholic towns supporting Spanish policies. (B) bands of foreign soldiers aimed at weakening Dutch resistance. (C) an economic union of merchants in all 17 Dutch provinces. (D)a confederation of the northern provinces seeking independence. (E) Phillip II of Spains organization of spies in the Dutch provinces. 39. With which of the following is Baroque art of the seventeenth century most closely associated? (A) mercantilism (B) Scientific Revolution (C) Enlightenment (D) Absolutism (E) Protestant Reformation 40. Italian Renaissance artists of the fifteenth century focused primarily on: (A) portraying the awe- inspiring spectacle of natural phenomena. (B) employing perspective geometry to portray depth naturally. (C) purely secular subject matter, such as portraits and still lifes.

(D) complex compositions involving symbolism and detail. (E) small canvases that could be brought and sold easily. 41. Which of the following is the best explanation for how Germanys religious dispute evolved into the Thirty Years War (1618- 1648), which involved much of the European continent? (A) The search for resources spread the fighting outside Germanys borders. (B) International forces were forced to intervene to stop atrocities against civilians. (C) It provided an opportunity for neighboring states to meet territorial ambitions. (D) Europes complex alliance system dragged the other powers into the conflict. (E) The papacy called for a crusade of Catholic nations to defeat Protestantism. 42. There is no liberty if the power of judging be not separated from the legislative and executive powers. Were it joined with the legislative, the life and liberty of the subject would be exposed to arbitrary control, for the judge would then be the legislator. Were it joined to the executive power, the judge might behave with all the violence of an oppressor. This passage was most likely drawn from which of the following Enlightenment works? (A) Voltaires Candide (B) Cesare Beccarias On Crimes and Punishments (C) Montesquieus Spirit of the Laws (D) Rousseaus Emile (E) Diderots Encyclopedia 43. Which of the following expresses a major social impact of the Protestant Reformation in the sixteenth century? (A) Education expanded to meet the need for biblical literacy. (B) Women gained equal access to clerical positions. (C) Peasants successfully used religious ideals to gain increased status. (D) The population increased because of the attack on celibacy. (E) Ideals of religious pacifism led to a century of peace.

(E) patronage of mysticism and lay piety movements. 44. Henry IV (1589- 1610) laid the foundations of royal absolutism in France by: (A) radically reducing the number of nobles, who might oppose him. (B) developing an equitable tax structure that tapped the nations wealth. (C) conquering areas of the Low Countries to add to his nations resources. (D) ending the French civil war with his extension of religious toleration. (E) marrying his children into the powerful Habsburg line. 49. In The Prince (1513), Machiavelli promoted a secular conception of politics for the ultimate purpose of: (A) attacking the moral authority of the Catholic Church. (B) presenting human nature as corrupt and selfinterested. (C) liberating the Italian peninsula from foreign rule. (D) undermining the power of the Medici family in Florence. (E) establishing himself as dictatorial ruler of Milan. 50. It is right and lawful to slay at the first opportunity a rebellious person. These rebels cloak their frightful sins with the gospel, calling themselves Christian brethren, swear allegiance, and compel people to join them in such abominations. Thereby they become the greatest blasphemers of Gods holy name, and serve and honor the devil under the semblance of the gospel, so that they have ten times deserved death of body and soul. The passage above by Martin Luther was written to condemn: (A) the papacys rejection of Luthers reform message. (B) German peasants use of new religious ideas to support revolt. (C) John Calvins creation of a rival denomination in Geneva. (D) Charles Vs edict declaring Luther an outlaw in the empire. (E) priestly influence within the Catholic sacramental system. 51. Frederick William, the Great Elector (1640- 1688) helped raise Brandenburg- Prussia to great- power status primarily by: (A) developing Europes strongest industrial sector (B) creating Prussias first standing army. (C) signing a mutual defense treaty with Russia. (D) patronizing famous scientists at his court. (E) conquering the strategic province of Bavaria. 52. Which of the following important dynastic families led the ultra- Catholic faction and accepted Spanish aid during the French religious wars (1562-

45. Which of the following rulers exemplified the theory of enlightened despotism? (A) Louis XIV of France (B) Peter I of Russia (C) Frederick II of Prussia (D) Henry VIII of England (E) Charles V of Spain 46. All of the following factors explain the Dutch Republics commercial dominance in the first half of the seventeenth century EXCEPT: (A) a powerful standing army. (B) geographic location. (C) strong financial institutions. (D) elites interested in commerce. (E) tolerance of religious diversity. 47. As Lord Protector of England (1653- 1658), Oliver Cromwells primary goal was to: (A) reestablish Catholicism in Ireland. (B) create a new royal dynasty in England. (C) firmly establish reformed Christianity. (D) conquer areas of France claimed by England. (E) turn power back to Parliament. 48. The Renaissance papacy (1417- 1540s) was most noted for its: (A) success in unifying the Italian peninsula. (B) extension of toleration to religious minorities. (C) subordination to the French monarchy. (D) corruption, which led to the Reformation.

1598)? (A) Guise (B) Valois (C) Bourbon (D) Montmorency (E) Burgundy 53. Peter the Greats (1689- 1725) primary goal with his reforms was to: (A) liberate the serfs from oppressive regulations. (B) allow women to contribute to Russian society. (C) make Russia modern military and naval power. (D) demonstrate his commitment to the Enlightenment (E) secure his control of the palace guard and boyards. 54. A major function of guilds in early modern European cities (1500- 1700) was to: (A) provide welfare benefits for unemployed tradesmen and their families. (B) promote equality and status among its members, including women. (C) regulate the supply of workers and quality of goods in a given craft. (D) encourage economic specialization and mass production of goods. (E) monitor the political activities of suspected rebels against the state. 55.Which of the following resulted from the War of Spanish Succession (1702- 1713)? (A) The Bourbon dynasties ruled Spain and France, but were not allowed to combine. (B) Sweden emerged as the dominant power in Northern Europe. (C) Prussia and Austria merged to create a dominant German state. (D) Louis XIV realized his goal of expanding to Frances natural frontier. (E) The commercial dominance of the Netherlands was confirmed. 56. All of the following ideas are associated with the work of John Locke (1632- 1704) EXCEPT: (A) socialism. (B) education reform. (C) state of nature.

(D) right of revolution. (E) empiricism. 57. Which of the following helped bring about the end of Renaissance culture in the sixteenth century in Italy? (A) the takeover of Florence by the Dominican monk Savonarola. (B) the sack of Rome by Spanish troops under Charles V. (C) the spread of reformed Christianity hostile to humanism. (D) noble factionalism that led to continuous internal struggles. (E) an economic recession caused by Ottoman piracy. 58. Which of the following expresses a major reason for the decline of Dutch commerce in the seventeenth century? (A) crop failures that produced continuous famine (B) doctrinal conflicts within the Calvinist religion (C) the bankruptcy of the Dutch East India Company (D) warfare with the more powerful France and Britain (E) a disastrous alliance with the Holy Roman Emperor 59. The eighteenth- century Agricultural Revolution resulted in: (A) greater rural equality. (B) the end of feudal regulations. (C) the economic rise of Russia. (D) emigration to the countryside. (E) an increased European population. 60. A major impact of the development of the printing press in Europe in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries was: (A) the spread of ideals of religious reform. (B) the decline of the Greek and Latin languages. (C) a decline in artistic prestige due to copying of images. (D) widespread unemployment in monastic scriptoria. (E) the rise of an antihumanist movement. 61. The economic system employed by the Spanish to settle and exploit native labor in the sixteenth century in the Americas was known as which of the

following? (A) requiremento (B) audiencia (C) vice royalty (D) encomienda (E) Bishopric 62. Christian humanism of the sixteenth century can be characterized as which of the following? (A) a sustained attack on the power of the Catholic Church (B) an attack on the secularism of the Italian Renaissance (C) a movement toward an economy based on Christian socialism (D) an effort to promote personal spirituality through education (E) a last stand by the papacy to stop the Protestant Reformation 63. The fundamental purpose of the Spanish Inquisition under Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain was to: (A) reduce the number of Jews and Muslims in Spain. (B) ensure a strict adherence to Catholic religious orthodoxy. (C) battle the spread of a growing atheist movement. (D) complete the reconquista of southern Iberia. (E) win papal support by upholding papal infallibility. 64. Kings are not only Gods lieutenants upon earth and sit upon Gods throne, but even by God himself they are called gods. The head of a natural body has the power of directing all members of the body to that use which the judgment in the head thinks most convenient. The author of this quotation is mostly likely to have been which of the following? (A) James I of England (B) John Locke (C) Frederick II of Prussia (D) Niccolo Machiavelli (E) Henry IV of France

65. Both Rene Descartes and Francis Bacon articulated theories of the scientific method in the seventeenth century. A major difference between the theories involves: (A) Bacons challenging the Scholastic intellectual tradition. (B) Descartes's continuing belief in supernatural explanations. (C) Bacons rejection of systematic observation of nature. (D) Bacons adherence to the geocentric theory in astronomy. (E) Descartess emphasis on the importance of mathematics. 66. The revolt of the German peasants in 1525 was caused by all of the following EXCEPT (A) economic distress of the German peasants (B) increasing restrictions on the independence of the German peasantry (C) Martin Luthers call for a priesthood of all believers (D) encouragement by the Catholic Church for the peasants to rebel against Protestant nobles (E) the loss of hunting and fishing rights that had been taken by nobles. 67. Before the Europeans invaded these territories, the Americas (A) contained powerful empires in both Mexico and Peru (B) remained divided into tiny tribal units (C) were on the verge of ocean discoveries of their own (D) remained completely unable to wage war (E) were covered by migratory people who left no traces of urban life 68. The Peace of Westphalia of 1648 (A) brought about an end of the title of emperor within the Holy Roman Empire (B) brought official recognition to Calvinism in the Holy Roman Empire (C) officially recognized French absorption of large tracts of German territory

(D) was brokered by the papacy (E) was a temporary measure that within a generation would result in a new conflict in the empire 69. The sixteenth- century revolt in the Netherlands was largely inspired by (A) an economy that was mired in recession (B) English support for the Dutch rebels (C) strict language laws imposed by the Spanish that blocked the use of Dutch for official correspondence (D) the failure of the Netherlands and Spain to agree on how best to use the wealth created from the vast Spanish overseas empire (E) economic, political, and religious tensions in the relations between the Netherlands and Spain 70. Which of the following cities became the center of High Renaissance (1490- 1520) culture? (A) Rome (B) Venice (C) Florence (D) Naples (E) Milan 71. Which of the following statements is most accurate for those rulers in the eighteenth century who are labeled Enlightened Absolutists? (A) They undercut the basis of monarchical authority. (B) They didnt understand many of the nuances of Enlightenment thought. (C) They implemented serious reforms that had longterm consequences for their countries. (D) They toyed with the ideas of reform but refused to put limits on their royal prerogatives. (E) They made their nations into more rational constitutional monarchies. 72. The Restoration of Charles II to the throne in 1660 indicates that many Englishmen (A) hoped that Calvinism would remain a viable part of English religious life (B) were unsympathetic to the ideas of John Locke (C) had never chosen sides in the struggle between king and parliament (D) had a deep affection for the Stuart dynasty (E) were tired of what they perceived to be the

anarchism of the English Republic

73. Louis XIV built his great palace of Versailles for all of the following reasons EXCEPT (A) to allow for better communications with his people (B) to control the aristocracy (C) to show on a grand scale the wealth and power of the French monarchy (D) to rule outside the confines of Paris (E) to make it a center of French culture 74. The loss of significant colonial possessions in the Seven Years War played a role in Frances decision to
(A) impose a mercantilist system on its remaining colonies (B) aid the American colonies in their struggle with the British (C) focus its attention on continental affairs (D) ally itself with the Austrians to counter the British (E) join with Prussia and Russia in an anti- British alliance.

75. At the Council of Trent, the Catholic Church (A) agreed to work with Protestant theologians to come to an acceptable compromise (B) accepted Protestant positions on most issues, though still refused to allow for clerical marriage (C) decided to wait to formulate a positions on most of the issues addressed by the Protestants (D) rejected Protestant positions on the sacraments, on the giving of wine to the laity during communion, and on clerical marriage (E) focused on producing a new catechism that could effectively counteract Protestant ideas 76. In Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes became an advocate for which of the following types of government? (A) Absolute monarchy (B) Parliamentary government (C) Divine-right monarchy (D) Constitutional monarchy (E) Democracy 77. Women played their most prominent role during the Enlightenment by (A) serving as a major topic for the philosophes

(B) writing books and political tracts (C) declining to participate in any social events (D) sponsoring salons (E) rejecting enlightened ideals 78. Deists such as Voltaire believe that (A) God reveals himself through miracles (B) there is no God (C) God created the universe but then played no additional role in shaping the course of events (D) a state church is necessary (E) limited religious toleration should be encouraged 79. Which of the following individuals said Paris is worth a Mass? (A) Cardinal Richelieu (B) Henry IV (C) Louis XIII (D) Catherine de Medici (E) Louis XIV 80. Following the death of her half- sister Mary, Queen Elizabeth of England pursued which of the following religious policies? (A) She followed her fathers example and refused to embrace either Protestantism or Catholicism. (B) She followed Marys policy by keeping England within the Catholic Church. (C) She began a massive persecution of Catholics on the charge of heresy. (D) She broke with Rome and established a moderate Protestant church. (E) She waited to make a decision on religious matters until many years into her reign.

EUROPEAN HISTORY
SECTION II Part A (Suggested writing time45 minutes) Directions: The following question is based on the accompanying Documents. The documents have been edited for the purpose of this exercise. Construct a valid essay that directly addresses the central issue of the following question. Use facts from the documents provided and from the chapter to prove the position you take in your thesis statement. This question is designed to test your ability to work with and understand historical documents. Write an essay that: Provides an appropriate, explicitly stated thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question and does NOT simply restate the question. Discusses a majority of the documents individually and specifically. Demonstrates understanding of the basic meaning of a majority of the documents. Supports the thesis with appropriate interpretations of a majority of the documents. Analyzes the documents by explicitly grouping them in at least three appropriate ways. Takes into account both the sources of the documents and the authors points of view.

In Louis XIVs view, what were the qualities of an effective monarch? In his opinion, what were the main obstacles to absolute rule?

Document A: Source: Cardinal Richelieu, offering advice to Louis XIVs predecessor, Louis XIII, On the Nobility It is a very common fault on the part of those born into the nobility to use violence against the common people to whom God seems to have given arms for earning a living rather than for defending themselves. It is very important to stop such disorders by a constant sternness which will make the weakest of yours, although disarmed, as secure in the shelter of your laws as those who are armed. The nobility had demonstrated, in the recent war, that it inherited the virtue of its ancestors, it is now necessary to discipline the nobles so that they may preserve their former reputation and usefully serve the state. Men who are injurious to the public are not useful to the state; it is certain that nobility which does not serve in war is not only useless, but a burden to the state, and can be compared to a body which supports a paralyzed arm As gentry they merit being well treated when they do well, but it is necessary to be severe with them when they fail to do the things their birth binds them to do

Document B: Perspective view of Versailles

Document C: Source: Louis XIV Revokes the Edict of Nantes, Church and State Through the Centuries. Art.1. We desire that all the temples of the people of the aforesaid so-called Reformed religion be demolished forthwith. Art. 2. We forbid our subjects of the so- called Reformed religion to assemble any more for public worship of the above- mentioned religion Art. 3. We likewise forbid all lords, of whatever rank they may be, to carry out heretical services in houses and fiefs Art. 4. We order all ministers of aforesaid so- called Reformed religion to depart from our kingdom Art. 10. The members of the so- called Reformed religion, while awaiting Gods pleasure to enlighten them

can live in the towns and districts of our kingdom on condition that they do not make public profession of [their religion].

Document D: Source: Louis XIV, Memoires for the Instruction of the Dauphin But kings must learn not to permit their servants to become too powerful I am not saying that we should not for our own interest and grandeur wish that our greatness is shared by those in our good graces, but we must carefully guard against their excess. My advice to guarantee this consists of three principle observations. The first is that you must know your affairs completely because a king who does not know them is always dependent on those who serve him The second, that you divide your confidence among many, so that each of those you have entrusted will check the elevation of his rival, ensuring that the jealousy of one will bridle the ambition of the other. And the third, that even though you admit a small number of persons into your secret affairs or into your casual conversations, never permit anyone to imagine that they have the power to speak as they please

EUROPEAN HISTORY
SECTION II Part B (Suggested planning and writing time35 minutes) Directions: You are to answer ONE question from the two questions below. Make your selection carefully, choosing the question that you are best prepared to answer thoroughly in the time permitted. You should spend

5 minutes organizing or outlining your answer. Write an essay that: Has a relevant thesis. Addresses all parts of the question. Supports thesis with specific evidence. Is well organized.
1. In what ways and to what extent did the Renaissance set the stage for the Protestant Reformation? OR

2. Analyze two causes and consequences of the Thirty Years War (1618- 48).

EUROPEAN HISTORY
SECTION II Part B (Suggested planning and writing time35 minutes) Directions: You are to answer ONE question from the two questions below. Make your selection carefully, choosing the question that you are best prepared to answer thoroughly in the time permitted. You should spend 5 minutes organizing or outlining your answer. Write an essay that: Has a relevant thesis. Addresses all parts of the question. Supports thesis with specific evidence. Is well organized.
3. Account for the rise of literacy in Europe in the period 1450- 1800 and evaluate the impact of this rise for European society. OR 4. Discuss three factors that explain the success of Portugal and Spain in establishing commercial empires in the sixteenth century.

Name: ____________________________________

AP European History Student Answer Sheet for Multiple-Choice Section

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64.

65. 66. 67. 68.

69. 70. 71. 72.

73. 74. 75. 76.

77. 78. 79. 80.