INTRODUCTION

The Indian financial system based on four basic components like Financial Market, Financial Institutions, Financial Service, Financial Instruments. All are play important role for smooth activities for the transfer of the funds and allocation of the funds. The main aim of the Indian financial system is that providing the efficiently services to the capital market. The following is a brief introduction of the mutual funds and fixed deposits under consideration in the project.

1.1 SBI Mutual Fund

In November 1987, SBI Mutual Fund from the State Bank of India became the first non UTI mutual fund in India. SBI Mutual Funds (SBI MF) is a partnership between Indias largest bank State Bank of India and Frances Societe Generale Asset Management. State bank of India owns 63% in SBI MF and the rest 37% is owned by Frances Societe Generale Asset Management. As on April 30 2009, the company had assets of Rs 37213.06 Crs. It is currently operating a total of 46 schemes which includes Equity schemes, Debt schemes, Short term debt schemes, Equity and debt, Gilt fund. A total of over 6 million people have invested in the funds of SBI. The fund reaches out to investors through a network of over 150 points of acceptance, 28 investor service centres, 46 investor service desks and 56 district organisers. On the 17th of May, 2010 the company launched a PSU fund with the aim of investing in public sector companies which offer significant growth prospects for the investors and also take advantage of the unlocking of value of some of these companies due to disinvestment by the government.

Products currently being offered by the company are as follows:

Equity / Growth based productsThe equity based funds offered by SBI Mutual Fund, are as follows: Magnum COMMA Fund Magnum Equity Fund Magnum Global Fund Magnum Index Fund Magnum MidCap Fund and many more. Debt / Income based productsThe debt based funds that are in operation now, are as follows: Magnum Children's Benefit Plan Magnum Gilt Fund Magnum Gilt Fund (Long Term) Magnum Gilt Fund (Short Term) Magnum Income Fund many more.

Balanced funds
The balanced funds that are in operation now, are as follows: Magnum Balanced Fund. Magnum NRI Investment Fund - FlexiAsset Plan.

Key Personnel:
Mr. Achal Gupta Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Didier Turpin Dy. Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Navneet Munoot Chief Investment Officer. Mr. R. S. Srinivas Jain Chief Marketing Officer. Mr. Vinaya Datar - Company secretary and Compliance officer.

Distribution NetworkSBI Mutual Fund has a very wide and robust distribution network. It operates in 15 regions and has 29 investor service centres, 55 investor service desks, 45 district organizers and 1 overseas office in Dubai. This coupled with the reach of the State Bank of India which has close to 15600 branches in India.

Figure-1

1.2 RELIANCE MUTUAL FUND:Reliance Mutual Fund (RMF) was established as trust under Indian Trusts Act, 1882. The sponsor of RMF is Reliance Capital Limited and Reliance Capital Trustee Co. Limited is the Trustee. It was registered on June 30, 1995 as Reliance Capital Mutual Fund which was changed on March 11, 2004. Reliance Mutual Fund was formed for launching of various schemes under which units are issued to the Public with a view to contribute to the capital market and to provide investors the opportunities to make investments in diversified securities.RMF is one of Indias leading Mutual Funds, with Average Assets Under Management (AAUM) of Rs. 88,388 crores (AAUM for 30th Apr 09) and an investor base of over 71.53 Lakhs. Reliance Mutual Fund, a part of the Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group, is one of the fastest growing mutual funds in the country

Sponsor:- Reliance Capital Limited. Trustee:- Reliance Capital Trustee Co. Limited. Investment Manager:- Reliance Capital Asset Management Limited. The Sponsor, the
Trustee and the Investment Manager are incorporated under the Companies Act 1956.

Vision Statement:- To be a globally respected wealth creator with an emphasis on

customer care and a culture of good corporate governance.

Mission Statement:-To create and nurture a world-class, high performance environment

aimed at delighting our customers. SCHEMES A). EQUITY/GROWTH SCHEMES: Reliance Infrastructure Fund (Open-Ended Equity) Reliance Natural Resources Fund (Open-Ended Equity) Reliance Equity Linked Saving Fund (A 10 Year Close-Ended Equity) B). DEBT/INCOME SCHEMES Reliance Monthly Income Plan Reliance Income Fund etc. C). SECTOR SPECIFIC SCHEMES Reliance Banking Fund Reliance Pharma Fund D). RELIANCE GOLD EXCHANGE TRADED FUND

1.3 UNIT TRUST OF INDIA MUTUAL FUND:'Unit Trust of India was created by the UTI Act passed by the Parliament in 1963. For more than two decades it remained the sole vehicle for investment in the capital market by the Indian citizens. In mid- 1980s public sector banks were allowed to open mutual funds. The real vibrancy and competition in the MF industry came with the setting up of the Regulator SEBI and its laying down the MF Regulations in 1993.UTI maintained its preeminent place till 2001, when a massive decline in the market indices and negative investor sentiments after Ketan Parekh scam created doubts about the capacity of UTI to meet its obligations to the investors. This was further compounded by two factors; namely, its flagship and largest scheme US 64 was sold and re-purchased not at intrinsic NAV but at artificial price and its Assured Return Schemes had promised returns as high as 18% over a period going up to two decades.

Vision:-To be the most Preferred Mutual Fund.

Mission: The most trusted brand, admired by all stakeholders. The largest and most efficient money manager with global presence The best in class customer service provider The most preferred employer The most innovative and best wealth creator

Sponsor: State Bank of India Punjab National Bank Life Insurance Corporation of India

Trustee: - UTI Trustee Co. Limited Reliability:UTIMF has consistently reset and upgraded transparency standards. All the branches, UFCs and registrar offices are connected on a robust IT network to ensure cost-effective quick and efficient service. All these have evolved UTIMF to position as a dynamic, responsive, restructured, efficient and transparent entity, fully compliant with SEBI

regulations.
SCHEMES: UTI Energy Fund (Open Ended Fund)

 UTI Equity Tax Savings Plan (Open Ended Fund) UTI Master Index Fund UTI Short Term Income Fund -Retail Plan etc.

Bank Fixed Deposits

Bank Fixed Deposits are also known as Term Deposits. In a Fixed Deposit Account, a certain sum of money is deposited in the bank for a specified time period with a fixed rate of interest. The rate of interest for Bank Fixed Deposits depends on the maturity period. It is higher in case of longer maturity period. There is great flexibility in maturity period and it ranges from 7days to 10 years. The interest is compounded annually and is added to the principal amount. Minimum deposit amount is Rs 1000/- and there is no upper limit. Loan / overdraft facility is available against bank fixed deposits. Premature withdrawal is permissible but some penalty is levied. Tax Deductible at Source, if the interest paid/ payable on deposit exceeds Rs.5000/- per customer, per year, per branch.

1.4 State Bank of India Fixed Deposits

State Bank of India fixed deposit is a good option to earn higher income on surplus funds. Bank offers flexibility in period from 15 days to 10 years and can be opened with a nominal amount of Rs. 1000/- only. Against your fixed deposit you can take loan/overdraft during your urgent financial requirement. There is premature withdrawal facility, transfer of term deposit within bank network with out any charge, interest is accumulated in your account timely and gets compounded quarterly, automatic renewal of your deposits on maturity. You can convert your special term deposit and vice versa.

1.5 Federal Bank Fixed Deposits

Federal Bank fixed deposit gives you option to give instructions while placing deposits with regard to closure or renewal of deposit. There is nomination facility. You can withdraw your money at premature or can get premature renewal of the deposit. You can take advance also against deposit. Federal Fixed Deposit Benefits Minimum amount Rs.1000. Quarterly /Monthly interest payments. Advance upto 90% of deposit.

1.6 ICICI Bank Fixed Deposit

ICICI Bank was originally promoted in 1994 by ICICI Limited, an Indian financial institution, and was its wholly-owned subsidiary. In October 2001, the Boards of Directors of ICICI and ICICI Bank approved the merger of ICICI and two of its wholly-owned retail finance subsidiaries, ICICI Personal Financial Services Limited and ICICI Capital Services Limited, with ICICI Bank. ICICI bank has a set of choice of investment plans attached to fixed deposit. You get a wide range of tenures along with auto renewal facility on maturity of deposits. You can open term deposit with nominal amount of Rs 1000/- only. Bank has a loan facility against deposit. The re-investment plans on fixed deposits are lucrative as re-investment fixed deposit rates do not change in fact works like a recurring debit account transaction.

Fixed Deposit Account Flexibility of tenure - 7 days to 10 years Liquidity Premature / Partial withdrawal permitted (subject to applicable charges) Loan / Overdraft upto 90% of FD amount Option of monthly / quarterly payout available Competitive interest rate - Know interest rates for various tenures Convenient ways to open a FD Internet Banking Phone banking ICICI Bank Branch

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

The Research Objectives are formulated using KSA model as follows.

2.1 KSA model

Definition of KSA KSA model is a competency model of individual. KSA is the same KSAO. KSA include Knowledge, Skills and Abilities (also called KSAs model) that an applicant must have to perform successfully in the position. KSA are listed in the Qualifications and Evaluation section of the job announcement.

Components of KSA: 1. Knowledge A body of information needed to perform a task. For example, Human Resources Knowledge includes knowledge of personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labour relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems. 2. Skills Skills are the proficiency to perform a certain task. For example, skill in operating computer peripherals such as printers. 3. Abilities Abilities are an underlying, enduring trait useful for performing tasks. For example, oral comprehension the ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.

Classification of KSAs KSAs include technical elements and behavioural elements. Technical KSAs measure acquired knowledge and hard technical skills. Behavioural KSAs measure soft skills, include the attitudes and approaches applicants take to their work, such as the ability to collaborate on team projects.

Figure - 2

2.2 Objective
1. To briefly study the Mutual Fund industry in India in the last five years. 2. To give a brief idea about the benefits available from Mutual Fund investment. 3. To give an idea of the types of schemes available. 4. To discuss about the market trends of Mutual Fund investment 5. Explore the recent developments in the Mutual Funds industry in India. 6. To give an idea about the regulations of Mutual Funds. 7. To study 3 major income schemes from the mutual fund industry.( SBI Mutual Fund, Reliance Mutual Fund, ICICI Mutual Fund. 8. Observe the fund management process of mutual funds 9. To study the Fixed Deposit scheme of 3 banks of India in last 5 years (SBI, ICICI & Federal Bank ) 10. .To compares the Fixed Deposit schemes with Mutual Fund schemes.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research as a care full investigation or enquiry especially through search for a new facts in any branch of knowledge Research is an academic activity and such as the term should be used in technical sense. The manipulation of things , concepts or symbols for the purpose of generalizing to extend ,correct or verify knowledge ,whether that knowledge through objective. 3.1 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION Secondary data: Secondary data means already available through books, journals, magazines, newspaper. ANALYSIS: For the proper analysis of data statistical (mean, standard deviation and co-variance) and financial (Beta and CAPM) method was used.

3.2 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Data analysis and interpretation is the process of assigning meaning to the collected information and determining the conclusions, significance, and implications of the findings. The steps involved in data analysis are a function of the type of information collected, however, returning to the purpose of the assessment and the assessment questions will provide a structure for the organization of the data and a focus for the analysis. Quantitative Data is presented in a numerical format collected in a standardized manner e.g. surveys, closed-ended interviews, tests analyzed using statistical techniques The analysis of NUMERICAL (QUANTITATIVE) DATA is represented in mathematical terms. The most common statistical terms include:

Mean The mean score represents a numerical average for a set of responses. Standard deviation The standard deviation represents the distribution of the responses around the mean. It indicates the degree of consistency among the responses. The standard deviation, in conjunction with the mean, provides a better understanding of the data. For example, if the mean is 3.3 with a standard deviation (StD) of 0.4, then two-thirds of the responses lie between 2.9 (3.3 0.4) and 3.7 (3.3 + 0.4). Variance-A measure of the dispersion of a set of data points around their mean value. Variance is a mathematical expectation of the average squared deviations from the mean. Variance measures the variability (volatility) from an average. Volatility is a

measure of risk, so this statistic can help determine the risk an investor might take on when purchasing a specific security.

Co-variance-A measure of the degree to which returns on two risky assets move in tandem. A positive covariance means that asset returns move together. A negative covariance means returns move inversely. One method of calculating covariance is by looking at return surprises (deviations from expected return) in each scenario. Another method is to multiply the correlation between the two variables by the standard deviation of each variable. Possessing financial assets that provide returns and have a high covariance with each other will not provide very much diversification. For example, if stock A's return is high whenever stock B's return is high and the same can be said for low returns, then these stocks are said to have a positive covariance. If an investor wants a portfolio whose assets have diversified earnings, he or she should pick financial assets that have low covariance to each other. In the project work, NAV and Nifty values are considered from 1st January 2005 to 31st December 2012. This values were then considered quarterly to calculate mean, standard deviation, co variance. This was followed by calculation of CAPM. During the project 3 mutual funds i.e SBI mutual fund, Reliance Mutual fund and UTI mutual funds was considered. On the other hand 3 fixed deposits were also considered i.e SBI Fixed Deposit, ICICI Fixed Deposit and Federal Bank Fixed Deposit. The rate of return associated with the level of risk and the performance of mutual funds is compared and analysed with respect to the performance of fixed deposits in India. The entire aim of the project work is to analyse the fact that Fixed Deposits are better investing option than Mutual Funds.

LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT

4.1 The limitations of the project are as follows: The time constraint was one of the major problems. The study is limited to the different schemes available under the mutual funds and fixed deposits selected. The study is limited to selected mutual fund and fixed deposit schemes. The lack of information sources for the analysis part.

Chapter -1 LITERATURE REVIEW

Review of the literature plays an important role in any research, it is considering the importance of mutual funds and several academicians have tried to study the performance of various mutual funds. Literature on mutual fund performance evaluation is enormous. Standard deviation, average variance and average coefficient of variation (COV) are techniques used for measuring the performance of Mutual Funds and Fixed Deposits.

1. Nidhi WaliaFaculty PURCITM, Thapar University, Patiala 2. Dr. (Mrs.) Ravi Kiran, Assosiate Professor,SOMSS, Thapar University

Abstract
Financial innovations have become the central driving force taking any financial system towards economic efficiency. Indian Capital market has shown a spurt growth with financial innovations becoming a regular feature leading to change in investor's preferences for newly fangled financial innovations. Mutual fund has become an obvious choice for most of the investors because of its performance in terms of providing higher returns at high risk. At the same time there are bank that offers Fixed Deposit schemes that look attractive enough. And even some of the top Mutual Funds that offer income schemes often find it challenge to compute with this FD schemes.

1. Prof. Kalpesh P Prajapati, Assistant Professor, S.V Institute of Management, Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabd, Gujarat, India 2. Prof. Mahesh K Patel, Assistant Professor, N.P College of Computer Studies & Management

Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India.

Abstract

In this paper the performance evaluation of Indian mutual funds and fixed deposits is carried out through risk-return analysis. The data used is daily closing NAVs. "Security Market Line" (SML) uses the systematic risk termed beta. Beta is defined as the covariance between a security (or portfolio of securities) and the market as a whole, divided by the variance of the market. The market as a whole is considered the point of tangency between the SML and the efficient frontier This is the foundation for the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). The CAPM is, = RF+(RM-RF)(Beta)

1.1 Mutual fund

A mutual fund is a scheme in which several people invest their money for a common financial cause. The collected money invests in the capital market and the money, which they earned, is divided based on the number of units, which they hold. The mutual fund industry started in India in a small way with the UTI Act creating what was effectively a small savings division within the RBI. Over a period of 25 years this grew fairly successfully and gave investors a good return, and therefore in 1989, as the next logical step, public sector banks and financial institutions were allowed to float mutual funds and their success emboldened the government to allow the private sector to foray into this area. The advantages of mutual fund are 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Professional management Diversification Economies of scale Simplicity and Liquidity.

The disadvantages of mutual fund are

1. High costs 2. Over-diversification 3. Possible tax consequences and 4. The inability of management to guarantee a superior return. The biggest problems with mutual funds are their costs and fees it include Purchase fee, Redemption fee, Exchange fee, Management fee, Account fee & Transaction Costs. . Mutual funds are easy to buy and sell. You can either buy them directly from the fund company or through a third party. Before investing in any funds one should consider some factor like objective, risk, Fund Managers and scheme track record, Cost factor etc. There are many types of mutual funds. We can classify funds based on-: 1. Structure Open-ended Close-ended

2. Nature Equity Debt Balanced 3. Investment objective Growth Income Money market etc.

1.2 Working of Mutual Funds: The following figure explains the working of Mutual funds

Figure-3

The important terms of the figure are explained as follows Fund Sponsor A sponsor is any person who, acting alone or in combination with another body corporate, establishes a MF.

Trustees: The MF or trust can either be managed by the Board of Trustees, which is a body of individuals, or by a Trust Company, which is a corporate body. Most of the funds in India are managed by Board of Trustees. Asset Management Company (AMC): The AMC, which is appointed by the sponsor or the trustees and approved by SEBI, acts like the investment manager of the trust. The AMC functions under the supervision of its own Board of Directors, and also under the direction of the trustees and SEBI

Others: Apart from these, the MF has some other fund constituents, such as custodians and depositories, banks, transfer agents and distributors. The custodian is appointed for safe keeping of securities and participating in the clearing system through approved depository. The bankers handle the financial dealings of the fund. Transfer agents are responsible for issue and redemption of units of MF. 1.3 Risk Return Matrix: The risk return trade-off indicates that if investor is willing to take higher risk then correspondingly he can expect higher returns and vice versa if he pertains to lower risk instruments, which would be satisfied by lower returns. For example, if an investor opts for bank FD, which provide moderate return with minimal risk. But as he moves ahead to invest in capital protected funds and the profit-bonds that give out more return which is slightly higher as compared to the bank deposits but the risk involved also increases.

Thus investors choose mutual funds as their primary means of investing, as Mutual funds provide professional management, diversification, convenience and liquidity. That doesnt mean mutual fund investments are risk free. This is because the money that is pooled in are not invested only in debts funds which are less riskier but are also invested in the stock markets which involves a higher risk but can expect higher returns.

Figure- 4 Risk Return Matrix

1.4 Common Terms Used

Net Asset Value (NAV): Net Asset Value is the market value of the assets of the scheme minus its liabilities. Per unit NAV is the net asset value of the scheme divided by the number of units outstanding on the Valuation Date Beta: A measure of the volatility, or systematic risk, of a security or a portfolio in comparison to the market as a whole. Beta is calculated using regression analysis, and indicates the tendency of a security's returns to respond to swings in the market. A beta of 1 indicates that the security's price will move with the market. A beta indicates that the security's price will be more volatile than the market .

R-Squared: A statistical measure that represents the percentage of a fund or security's movements that can be explained by movements in a benchmark index. R-squared values range from 0 to 100. An R-squared of 100 means that all movements of a security are completely explained by movements in the index. A high R-squared (between 85 and 100) indicates the fund's performance patterns have been in line with the index. A fund with a low R-squared (70 or less) doesn't act much like the index.

1.5 History of Mutual Funds The mutual fund industry in India started in 1963 with the formation of Unit Trust of India, at the initiative of the Government of India and Reserve Bank of India. The history of mutual funds in India can be broadly divided into four distinct phases. First Phase 1964-87 Unit Trust of India (UTI) was established on 1963 by an Act of Parliament. It was set up by the Reserve Bank of India and functioned under the Regulatory and administrative control of the Reserve Bank of India. In 1978 UTI was de-linked from the RBI and the Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI) took over the regulatory and administrative control in place of RBI. The first scheme launched by UTI was Unit Scheme 1964. At the end of 1988 UTI had Rs.6,700 crores of assets under management. Second Phase 1987-1993 (Entry of Public Sector Funds) 1987 marked the entry of non- UTI, public sector mutual funds set up by public sector banks and Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) and General Insurance Corporation of India (GIC). SBI Mutual Fund was the first non- UTI Mutual Fund established in June 1987 followed by Canbank Mutual Fund (Dec 87), Punjab National

Bank Mutual Fund (Aug 89), Indian Bank Mutual Fund (Nov 89), Bank of India (Jun 90), Bank of Baroda Mutual Fund (Oct 92). At the end of 1993, the mutual fund industry had assets under management of Rs.47, 004 crores. Third Phase 1993-2003 (Entry of Private Sector Funds) With the entry of private sector funds in 1993, a new era started in the Indian mutual fund industry, giving the Indian investors a wider choice of fund families. Also, 1993 was the year in which the first Mutual Fund Regulations came into being, under which all mutual funds, except UTI were to be registered and governed. The erstwhile Kothari Pioneer (now merged with Franklin Templeton) was the first private sector mutual fund registered in July 1993. The 1993 SEBI (Mutual Fund) Regulations were substituted by a more comprehensive and revised Mutual Fund Regulations in 1996. The industry now functions under the SEBI (Mutual Fund) Regulations 1996. The number of mutual fund houses went on increasing, with many foreign mutual funds setting up funds in India and also the industry has witnessed several mergers and acquisitions. As at the end of January 2003, there were 33 mutual funds with total assets of Rs. 1,21,805 crores. The Unit Trust of India with Rs.44,541 crores of assets under management was way ahead of other mutual funds.

Fourth Phase since February 2003 In February 2003, following the repeal of the Unit Trust of India Act 1963 UTI was bifurcated into two separate entities. One is the Specified Undertaking of the Unit Trust of India with assets under management of Rs.29,835 crores as at the end of January 2003, representing broadly, the assets of US 64 scheme, assured return and certain other schemes. The Specified Undertaking of Unit Trust of India, functioning under an administrator and under the rules framed by Government of India and does not come under the purview of the Mutual Fund Regulations. The second is the UTI Mutual Fund, sponsored by SBI, PNB, BOB and LIC. It is registered with SEBI and functions under the Mutual Fund Regulations. With the bifurcation of the erstwhile UTI which had in March 2000 more than Rs.76,000 crores of assets under management and with the setting up of a UTI Mutual Fund, conforming to the SEBI Mutual Fund Regulations, and with recent mergers taking place among different private sector funds, the mutual fund industry has entered its current phase of consolidation and growth.

1.6 Types of Mutual Funds Schemes in India

Figure- 5

1.6 (A) Overview of existing schemes in mutual fund category: By Structure

Open - Ended Schemes: An open-end fund is one that is available for subscription all through the year. These do not have a fixed maturity. Investors can conveniently buy and sell units at Net Asset Value ("NAV") related prices. The key feature of open-end schemes is liquidity. Close - Ended Schemes: These schemes have a pre-specified maturity period. One can invest directly in the scheme at the time of the initial issue. Depending on the structure of the scheme there are two exit options available to an investor after the initial offer period closes. Investors can transact (buy or sell) the units of the scheme on the stock exchanges where they are listed. The market price at the stock exchanges could vary from the net asset value (NAV) of the scheme on account of demand and supply situation, expectations of unit holder and other market factors. Alternatively some close-ended schemes provide an additional option of selling the units directly to

the Mutual Fund through periodic repurchase at the schemes NAV; however one cannot buy units and can only sell units during the liquidity window. SEBI Regulations ensure that at least one of the two exit routes is provided to the investor. Interval Schemes: Interval Schemes are that scheme, which combines the features of open-ended and close-ended schemes. The units may be traded on the stock exchange or may be open for sale or redemption during pre-determined intervals at NAV related prices.

1.6(B) Overview of existing schemes in mutual fund category: By Nature 1. Equity fund: These funds invest a maximum part of their corpus into equities
holdings. The structure of the fund may vary different for different schemes and the fund managers outlook on different stocks. The Equity Funds are sub-classified depending upon their investment objective, as follows: Diversified Equity Funds Mid-Cap Funds Sector Specific Funds Tax Savings Funds (ELSS)

Equity investments are meant for a longer time horizon, thus Equity funds rank high on the risk-return matrix. 2. Debt funds: The objective of these Funds is to invest in debt papers. Government authorities, private companies, banks and financial institutions are some of the major issuers of debt papers. By investing in debt instruments, these funds ensure low risk and provide stable income to the investors. Debt funds are further classified as: Gilt Funds: Invest their corpus in securities issued by Government, popularly known as Government of India debt papers. These Funds carry zero Default risk but are associated with Interest Rate risk. These schemes are safer as they invest in papers backed by Government. Income Funds: Invest a major portion into various debt instruments such as bonds, corporate debentures and Government securities. MIPs: Invests maximum of their total corpus in debt instruments while they take minimum exposure in equities. It gets benefit of both equity and debt market. These scheme ranks slightly high on the risk-return matrix when compared with other debt schemes. 3. Short Term Plans (STPs): Meant for investment horizon for three to six months. These funds primarily invest in short term papers like Certificate of Deposits (CDs) and Commercial Papers (CPs). Some portion of the corpus is also invested in corporate debentures.

4. Liquid Funds: Also known as Money Market Schemes, These funds provides easy liquidity and preservation of capital. These schemes invest in short-term instruments like Treasury Bills, inter-bank call money market, CPs and CDs. These funds are meant for short-term cash management of corporate houses and are meant for an investment horizon of 1day to 3 months. These schemes rank low on risk-return matrix and are considered to be the safest amongst all categories of mutual funds.

5. Balanced funds: These are a mix of both equity and debt funds. They invest in both equities and fixed income securities, which are in line with pre-defined investment objective of the scheme. These schemes aim to provide investors with the best of both the worlds. Equity part provides growth and the debt part provides stability in returns.

1.6( C) Overview of existing schemes in mutual fund category: By Investment Objective

1. Growth Schemes: Growth Schemes are also known as equity schemes. The aim of these schemes is to provide capital appreciation over medium to long term. These schemes normally invest a major part of their fund in equities and are willing to bear short-term decline in value for possible future appreciation. 2. Income Schemes: Income Schemes are also known as debt schemes. The aim of these schemes is to provide regular and steady income to investors. These schemes generally invest in fixed income securities such as bonds and corporate debentures. Capital appreciation in such schemes may be limited.

3. Balanced Schemes: Balanced Schemes aim to provide both growth and income by periodically distributing a part of the income and capital gains they earn. These schemes invest in both shares and fixed income securities, in the proportion indicated in their offer documents (normally 50:50). 4. Money Market Schemes: Money Market Schemes aim to provide easy liquidity, preservation of capital and moderate income. These schemes generally invest in safer, short-term instruments, such as treasury bills, certificates of deposit, commercial paper and inter-bank call money

1.6(D) Other schemes:

1. Tax Saving Schemes: Tax-saving schemes offer tax rebates to the investors under tax laws prescribed from time to time. Under Sec.88 of the Income Tax Act, contributions made to any Equity Linked Savings Scheme (ELSS) are eligible for rebate. 2. Index Schemes: Index schemes attempt to replicate the performance of a particular index such as the BSE Sensex or the NSE 50. The portfolio of these schemes will

consist of only those stocks that constitute the index. The percentage of each stock to the total holding will be identical to the stocks index weightage. And hence, the returns from such schemes would be more or less equivalent to those of the Index.

3. Sector Specific Schemes: These are the funds/schemes which invest in the securities of only those sectors or industries as specified in the offer documents. e.g. Pharmaceuticals, Software, Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG), Petroleum stocks, etc. The returns in these funds are dependent on the performance of the respective sectors/industries. While these funds may give higher returns, they are more risky compared to diversified funds. Investors need to keep a watch on the performance of those sectors/industries and must exit at an appropriate time.

1.7 Types of returns

There are three ways, where the total returns provided by mutual funds can be enjoyed by investors: 1. Income is earned from dividends on stocks and interest on bonds. A fund pays out nearly all income it receives over the year to fund owners in the form of a distribution. 2. If the fund sells securities that have increased in price, the fund has a capital gain. Most funds also pass on these gains to investors in a distribution.

3. If fund holdings increase in price but are not sold by the fund manager, the fund's shares increase in price. You can then sell your mutual fund shares for a profit. Funds will also usually give you a choice either to receive a check for distributions or to reinvest the earnings and get more shares.

1.8 Pros of Investing Mutual Funds

1. Professional Management - The basic advantage of funds is that, they are professional managed, by well qualified professional. Investors purchase funds because they do not have the time or the expertise to manage their own portfolio. A mutual fund is considered to be relatively less expensive way to make and monitor their investments. 2. Diversification - Purchasing units in a mutual fund instead of buying individual stocks or bonds, the investors risk is spread out and minimized up to certain extent. The idea behind diversification is to invest in a large number of assets so that a loss in any particular investment is minimized by gains in others.

3. Economies of Scale - Mutual fund buy and sell large amounts of securities at a time, thus help to reducing transaction costs, and help to bring down the average cost of the unit for their investors. 4. Liquidity - Just like an individual stock, mutual fund also allows investors to liquidate their holdings as and when they want. 5. Simplicity - Investments in mutual fund is considered to be easy, compare to other available instruments in the market, and the minimum investment is small. Most AMC also have automatic purchase plans whereby as little as Rs. 2000, where SIP start with just Rs.50 per month basis.

1.9 Cons of Investing Mutual Funds:

1. Professional Management- Some funds dont perform in the market, as their management is not dynamic enough to explore the available opportunity in the market, thus many investors debate over whether or not the so-called professionals are any better than the investor himself, for picking up stocks. 2. Costs The biggest source of AMC income is generally from the entry & exit load which they charge from an investors, at the time of purchase. The mutual fund industries are thus charging extra cost under layers of jargon. 3. Dilution - Because funds have small holdings across different companies, high returns from a few investments often don't make much difference on the overall return. Dilution is also the result of a successful fund getting too big. When money pours into funds that have had strong success, the manager often has trouble finding a good investment for all the new money. 4. Taxes - when making decisions about your money, fund managers don't consider your personal tax situation. For example, when a fund manager sells a security, a capital-gain tax is triggered, which affects how profitable the individual is from the sale. It might have been more advantageous for the individual to defer the capital gains liability.

COMPANY PROFILE

A) Introduction to SBI Mutual Fund In November 1987, SBI Mutual Fund from the State Bank of India became the first non UTI mutual fund in India. SBI Mutual Funds (SBI MF) is a partnership between Indias largest bank State Bank of India and Frances Societe Generale Asset Management. State bank of India owns 63% in SBI MF and the rest 37% is owned by Frances Societe Generale Asset Management. As on April 30 2009, the company had assets of Rs 37213.06 Crs. It is currently operating a total of 46 schemes which includes Equity schemes, Debt schemes, Short term debt schemes, Equity and debt, Gilt fund.

The Distribution Channels

Figure- 6

Structure of SBI Mutual Funds SBI mutual fund has a very wide and robust distribution network. It operates in 15 regions and has 29 investor service centres, 55 investor service desks, 45 district organizers and 1 overseas office in Dubai. This coupled with the reach of the State Bank of India which has close to 15600 branches in India and more than 147 million customers provides the asset management company (AMC) an opportunity to reach investors even in the remote parts of the country. The decision making structure of SBI mutual fund is designed to take advantage of this opportunity. Here, I will be explaining in detail the distribution network of SBI mutual funds in India.

Figure- 7

B) RELIANCE MUTUAL FUND Reliance Mutual Fund (RMF) was established as trust under Indian Trusts Act, 1882. The sponsor of RMF is Reliance Capital Limited and Reliance Capital Trustee Co. Limited is the Trustee. It was registered on June 30, 1995 as Reliance Capital Mutual Fund which was changed on March 11, 2004. Reliance Mutual Fund was formed for launching of various schemes under which units are issued to the Public with a view to contribute to the capital market and to provide investors the opportunities to make investments in diversified securities.RMF is one of Indias leading Mutual Funds, with Average Assets Under Management (AAUM) of Rs. 88,388 crores (AAUM for 30th Apr 09) and an investor base of over 71.53 Lakhs. Reliance Mutual Fund, a part of the Reliance - Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group, is one of the fastest growing mutual funds in the country.

Reliance Income Fund-(An Open-ended Income Scheme) The primary objective of the scheme is to generate optimal returns consistent with moderate levels of risk. This income may be complemented by capital appreciation of the portfolio. Accordingly, investments shall predominantly be made in Debt & Money market Instruments.

C) UNIT TRUST OF INDIA MUTUAL FUND 'Unit Trust of India was created by the UTI Act passed by the Parliament in 1963. For more than two decades it remained the sole vehicle for investment in the capital market by the Indian citizens. In mid- 1980s public sector banks were allowed to open mutual funds. The real vibrancy and competition in the MF industry came with the setting up of the Regulator SEBI and its laying down the MF Regulations in 1993.UTI maintained its preeminent place till 2001, when a massive decline in the market indices and negative investor sentiments after Ketan Parekh scam created doubts about the capacity of UTI to meet its obligations to the investors. This was further compounded by two factors; namely, its flagship and largest scheme US 64 was sold and re-purchased not at intrinsic NAV but at artificial price and its Assured Return Schemes had promised returns as high as 18% over a period going up to two decades. UTI Short Term Income Fund (Open Ended Fund): The Scheme seeks to generate steady & reasonable income with low risk & high level of liquidity from a portfolio of money market securities & high quality debt.

Bank Fixed Deposits are also known as Term Deposits. In a Fixed Deposit Account, a certain sum of money is deposited in the bank for a specified time period with a fixed rate of interest. The rate of interest for Bank Fixed Deposits depends on the maturity period. It is higher in case of longer maturity period. There is great flexibility in maturity period and it ranges from 7days to 10 years. The interest is compounded annually and is added to the principal amount. Minimum deposit amount is Rs 1000/- and there is no upper limit. Loan / overdraft facility is available against bank fixed deposits. Premature withdrawal is permissible but some penalty is levied. Tax Deductible at Source, if the interest paid/ payable on deposit exceeds Rs.5000/- per customer, per year, per branch. In deposit terminology, the term fixed deposit refers to a savings account or certificate of deposit that pays a fixed rate of interest until a given maturity date. Funds placed in a fixed deposit usually cannot be withdrawn prior to maturity or they can perhaps only be withdrawn with advance notice and/or by having a penalty assessed.

Fixed Deposit Example:For example, a fixed deposit will often be used by individuals, business and financial institutions all around the world as a means of storing their liquid funds for a fixed period of time for future use .In the retail market FDs are relatively safe investments when provided by insured financial institutions like banks, savings and loan corporations and credit unions that are duly regulated within the country in which they operate.

Features of fixed deposits: Tenure ranges between six months to 10 years Guaranteed Returns Interest income monthly, quarterly or annually. Reinvest interest income and gain the influence of compounding Partial or full withdrawal facility is available with penalty interest rates Loan against deposits Senior citizens get higher coupon rates in the range of 0.25 -100 %.

Most indefinite facts about bank Fixed Deposits:Bank Fixed Deposit is the safest financial products because deposits up to Rs 1 lack are covered under insurance. In case banks default you get principal amount up to Rs 1 lack depending on your deposit amount under insurance cover.

If you have multiple accounts in different banks, then each deposit is insured up to Rs 1 lack You can also get loan against your deposits. The interest rate of loan is higher than 2% of FD rate. You are eligible up to 75-90% of your Fixed Deposits as loans (vary from bank to bank). Banks also offer tax-saving Fixed Deposits which have minimum five year lock-in period. One cant get loans against these Fixed Deposits. Investment in these Fixed Deposits is eligible for tax exemption under 80C of IT Act.

Factors you should know before selecting a Bank FD:(1) Compare rate of interests. (2) Type of interest (Fixed rate or floating rate) (3) Frequency of compounding (4) Mode of interest payout (5) Withdrawal facility (6) Sweep facility (7) Know other attached benefits.

Benefits
1. Safety The fixed deposits of reputed banks and financial institutions regulated by RBI (Reserve Bank of India) the banking regulator in India are very secure and considered as one of the safest investment methods.

2. Regular Income Fixed deposits earn fixed interest rates for their entire tenure, which is usually compounded quarterly. So, those who want an income on a regular basis can invest into fixed deposits and use the interest rate as their income. This makes a fixed deposit very popular way of investing money for retirees.

3. Saves tax With the directives of the income tax department stating that investment in fixed deposits up to a maximum of Rs.100,000 for 5 years are eligible for tax deductions under section 80 C of income tax act, fixed deposits have again become popular. Fixed deposits save tax and give high returns on invested money.

Drawbacks
1. Lower rate of returns While the money invested in stock markets may give you a return of 20% the fixed deposits will yield only about 10%. So, the money grows slowly in the case of fixed deposits. 2. Taxes The interest earned on fixed deposits is fully taxable and is added to the annual income of the individual. Gains from stocks are considered capital gains while dividends are tax free. 3. Rising inflation can wipe out the interest benefits The actual benefits or income from fixed deposit can be annulled by a rising inflation. Suppose the inflation which is currently at 3 % rises to about 6%, your fixed deposit at 10% annual return will effectively yield only(10%-6%) = 4% of return. This return would have been (10% -3%) = 7% if the rate of inflation had not changed. This can drastically eat into your fixed deposit income.

Calculation of Nifty Return (mean) and Risk(S.D)-:

DATE 31-12-2012 28-09-2012 29-06-2012 30-03-2012 30-12-2011 30-09-2011 30-06-2011 31-03-2011 31-12-2010 30-09-2010 30-06-2010 31-03-2010 31-12-2009 30-09-2009 30-06-2009 31-03-2009 31-12-2008 30-09-2008 30-06-2008 31-03-2008 31-12-2007 28-09-2007 29-06-2007 30-03-2007 29-12-2006 29-09-2006 29-06-2006 31-03-2006 30-12-2005 30-09-2005 30-06-2005 31-03-2005

Nifty 5905.1 5619.7 5229 5248.51 5199.25 5326.6 5482 5749.5 5505.9 6017.7 5367.6 5278 4882.05 4711.7 4636.45 3473.95 2874.8 2885.6 4332.95 5165.9 5137.45 5900.65 4318.3 4087.9 4082.7 3744.1 3143.2 3508.35 3001.1 2370.95 2312.3 2035.65

Return (%) 5.08 7.47 -0.37 0.95 -2.39 -2.83 -4.65 4.42 -8.50 12.11 1.70 8.11 3.62 1.62 33.46 20.84 -0.37 -33.40 -16.12 0.55 -12.93 36.64 5.64 0.13 9.04 19.12 -10.41 16.90 26.58 2.54 13.59 0.00 Sum= 138.11 Table 1

D 0.76 3.16 -4.69 -3.37 -6.71 -7.15 -8.97 0.11 -12.82 7.80 -2.62 3.79 -0.70 -2.69 29.15 16.53 -4.69 -37.72 -20.44 -3.76 -17.25 32.33 1.32 -4.19 4.73 14.80 -14.72 12.59 22.26 -1.78 9.27 -4.32

D^2 0.58 9.96 21.98 11.35 44.98 51.13 80.44 0.01 164.38 60.77 6.86 14.40 0.49 7.25 849.56 273.09 22.00 1422.75 417.80 14.15 297.57 1045.02 1.74 17.55 22.35 219.08 216.80 158.41 495.59 3.17 86.01 18.63 Sum=6055.85

Where, D= Deviation

Formula used:-

Calculation of return:Return= (P1- P0) / P0 Where, P1= Current Month P0= Base Month Calculation of mean:Mean= Total Return / N Where, N = Number of Month. Calculation of Variance:Variance = (D)^2 Where, D= Deviation Calculation of Standard Deviation:SD= Variance. Calculation of BETA:Beta= Co Variance / Variance of Nifty. Where, Co Variance= Deviation of Investment * Deviation of Nifty. Calculation of CAPM:CAPM= Rf+(Rm-Rf)* Where, Rf= Risk Free Rate Rm= Return from Market = Beta.

Note:-

Table - A

The following table represents the set of formulas widely used and applied to the entire project for the purpose of computation and analysis of data.

Calculation of Mean And Standard Deviation ofNifty-: Property Mean Variance Standard Deviation Calculation 138.11 / 32 6055.85 / 32 Table- 1.1 From the above table, we have found the following: Mean Standard Deviation Note: The above calculated data of Nifty will help us to calculate co-variance with respect to particular mutual funds and fixed deposits. Value (%) 4.31 189.24 13.76

Calculation of Risk Free Rate (R.F):DATE 31-12-2012 28-09-2012 29-06-2012 30-03-2012 30-12-2011 30-09-2011 30-06-2011 31-03-2011 31-12-2010 30-09-2010 30-06-2010 31-03-2010 31-12-2009 30-09-2009 30-06-2009 31-03-2009 31-12-2008 30-09-2008 30-06-2008 31-03-2008 31-12-2007 RF 8 Quarterly RF 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.88 1.88 1.88 1.88 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.7

7.8

7.5

7.2

7.4

6.8

28-09-2007 29-06-2007 30-03-2007 29-12-2006 29-09-2006 29-06-2006 31-03-2006 30-12-2005 30-09-2005 30-06-2005 31-03-2005

5.5

5.3

1.7 1.7 1.7 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 Sum= 55.50

Table- 2

Calculation of mean risk free rate.

Property Mean Calculation 55.50/32 Table- 2.1 Value (%) 1.73

Quarterly Risk Free Rate is calculated to be 1.73(%). Note:The above Risk Free Rate would help us to calculate Beta for mutual funds as well as for fixed deposits.

The above interest rates has been collected from Government Deposits(Treasury bills) yearly. Later the interest rate has been converted to quarterly data.

SBI MAGNUM INCOME FUND

Calculation of Return, Standard Deviation, Co-variance, Beta and CAPM from the given NAV (Net Asset Value):DATE SBI MAGNUM INCOME FUND ( NAV) 28.12 27.46 26.53 25.74 25.1 24.41 23.94 23.45 23.11 22.9 22.75 22.41 22.04 21.84 21.69 21.04 22.58 20.43 20.47 20.74 20.94 20.46 19.88 19.73 19.72 19.47 19.08 18.84 18.92 18.84 18.62 18.32 RETURN (%) DEVIATION (D)^2 D*D D (From Table 1) 0.76 0.78 3.16 6.71 -4.69 -7.93 -3.37 -3.95 -6.71 -9.72 -7.15 -4.18 -8.97 -6.38 0.11 0.01 -12.82 5.91 7.80 -5.60 -2.62 -0.36 3.79 1.14 -0.70 0.32 -2.69 1.85 29.15 49.88 16.53 -135.48 -4.69 -42.90 -37.72 59.35 -20.44 54.78 -3.76 8.78 -17.25 -16.70 32.33 49.77 1.32 -0.82 -4.19 5.56 4.73 -0.44 14.80 9.86 -14.72 1.53 12.59 -22.67 22.26 -21.22 -1.78 0.35 9.27 2.41 -4.32 5.95 -13.41

31-12-2012 28-09-2012 29-06-2012 30-03-2012 30-12-2011 30-09-2011 30-06-2011 31-03-2011 31-12-2010 30-09-2010 30-06-2010 31-03-2010 31-12-2009 30-09-2009 30-06-2009 31-03-2009 31-12-2008 30-09-2008 30-06-2008 31-03-2008 31-12-2007 28-09-2007 29-06-2007 30-03-2007 29-12-2006 29-09-2006 29-06-2006 31-03-2006 30-12-2005 30-09-2005 30-06-2005 31-03-2005

2.40 3.51 3.07 2.55 2.83 1.96 2.09 1.47 0.92 0.66 1.52 1.68 0.92 0.69 3.09 -6.82 10.52 -0.20 -1.30 -0.96 2.35 2.92 0.76 0.05 1.28 2.04 1.27 -0.42 0.42 1.18 1.64 0.00 44.10 Table - 3

1.03 2.13 1.69 1.17 1.45 0.59 0.71 0.09 -0.46 -0.72 0.14 0.30 -0.46 -0.69 1.71 -8.20 9.15 -1.57 -2.68 -2.33 0.97 1.54 -0.62 -1.33 -0.09 0.67 -0.10 -1.80 -0.95 -0.20 0.26 -1.38

1.05 4.53 2.86 1.37 2.10 0.34 0.51 0.01 0.21 0.52 0.02 0.09 0.21 0.47 2.93 67.21 83.64 2.48 7.18 5.44 0.94 2.37 0.38 1.76 0.01 0.44 0.01 3.24 0.91 0.04 0.07 1.90 195.25

Calculation. Property Mean Variance Standard Deviation Covariance Nifty Variance Beta Risk Free (RF) CAPM 44.10/32 195.25/32 Root of Variance D*D -13.41/32 From Table 1.1 Cov/ Var of Nifty From Table 2.1 1.73+(4.32-1.73)(-22%) Table 3.1 Calculation Value (%) 1.38 6.10 2.47 -0.42 189.24 -0.22% 1.73 1.729

From the following table the following has been calculated: Mean Standard Deviation Covariance Beta CAPM

RELIANCE INCOME FUND

Calculation of Return, Standard Deviation, Co-variance, Beta and CAPM from the given NAV (Net Asset Value):DATE RELIANCE RETURN DEVIATION (D)^2 D*D INCOME (%) D FUND(G) (From NAV Table 1) 37.7 2.45 0.55 0.30 0.76 0.42 36.8 8.97 7.07 50.01 3.16 22.32 33.77 -2.96 -4.86 23.62 -4.69 22.78 34.8 2.56 0.66 0.44 -3.37 -2.24 33.93 2.29 0.39 0.15 -6.71 -2.62 33.17 1.69 -0.21 0.05 -7.15 1.53 32.62 1.05 -0.85 0.72 -8.97 7.60 32.28 1.32 -0.58 0.34 0.11 -0.06 31.86 1.05 -0.85 0.73 -12.82 10.95 31.53 0.61 -1.29 1.67 7.80 -10.09 31.34 1.59 -0.31 0.10 -2.62 0.82 30.85 0.92 -0.98 0.97 3.79 -3.74 30.57 1.33 -0.57 0.33 -0.70 0.40 30.17 0.40 -1.50 2.25 -2.69 4.04 30.05 3.44 1.54 2.38 29.15 44.95 29.05 -5.59 -7.49 56.10 16.53 -123.78 30.77 19.45 17.55 307.95 -4.69 -82.31 25.76 1.50 -0.40 0.16 -37.72 15.20 25.38 -0.51 -2.41 5.81 -20.44 49.26 25.51 0.71 -1.19 1.42 -3.76 4.48 25.33 4.63 2.73 7.43 -17.25 -47.02 24.21 2.98 1.08 1.16 32.33 34.82 23.51 1.56 -0.35 0.12 1.32 -0.46 23.15 -0.13 -2.03 4.12 -4.19 8.50 23.18 1.89 -0.01 0.00 4.73 -0.05 22.75 2.52 0.62 0.39 14.80 9.23 22.19 0.77 -1.13 1.27 -14.72 16.61 22.02 0.64 -1.26 1.59 12.59 -15.86 21.88 0.83 -1.07 1.15 22.26 -23.84 21.7 1.02 -0.88 0.77 -1.78 1.56 21.48 1.85 -0.05 0.00 9.27 -0.47 21.09 0.00 -1.90 3.61 -4.32 8.20 =60.81 477.10 -48.87 Table- 4.1

31-12-2012 28-09-2012 29-06-2012 30-03-2012 30-12-2011 30-09-2011 30-06-2011 31-03-2011 31-12-2010 30-09-2010 30-06-2010 31-03-2010 31-12-2009 30-09-2009 30-06-2009 31-03-2009 31-12-2008 30-09-2008 30-06-2008 31-03-2008 31-12-2007 28-09-2007 29-06-2007 30-03-2007 29-12-2006 29-09-2006 29-06-2006 31-03-2006 30-12-2005 30-09-2005 30-06-2005 31-03-2005

Calculation Property Mean Variance Standard Deviation Covariance Nifty Variance Beta Risk Free (RF) CAPM Calculation 60.81/32 477.10/32 Root of Variance D*D -48.87/32 From Table 1.1 Cov/ Var of Nifty From Table 2.1 1.73+(4.32-1.73)(-0.8%) Value (%) 1.90 14.90 3.86 -1.53 189.24 -0.8% 1.73 1.71

From the following table the following has been calculated-: Mean Standard Deviation Covariance Beta Capm.

UTI-SHORT TERM INCOME FUND-RETAIL PLAIN

Calculation of Return, Standard Deviation, Co-variance, Beta and CAPM from the given NAV (Net Asset Value):DATE UTI-SHORT RETURN DEVIATION (D)^2 D*D TERM (%) (D) D INCOME (From FUND- NAV Table 1) 19.87 2.42 0.52 0.27 0.76 0.40 19.4 2.92 1.01 1.03 3.16 3.20 18.85 2.61 0.71 0.50 -4.69 -3.33 18.37 2.11 0.21 0.04 -3.37 -0.70 17.99 2.39 0.49 0.24 -6.71 -3.27 17.57 2.57 0.67 0.44 -7.15 -4.76 17.13 3.07 1.17 1.36 -8.97 -10.45 16.62 1.53 -0.38 0.14 0.11 -0.04 16.37 1.30 -0.60 0.36 -12.82 7.74 16.16 1.38 -0.52 0.27 7.80 -4.08 15.94 1.40 -0.50 0.25 -2.62 1.32 15.72 1.09 -0.81 0.66 3.79 -3.07 15.55 2.24 0.33 0.11 -0.70 -0.23 15.21 1.47 -0.44 0.19 -2.69 1.17 14.99 4.61 2.70 7.30 29.15 78.77 14.33 0.92 -0.99 0.98 16.53 -16.32 14.2 2.38 0.48 0.23 -4.69 -2.23 13.87 2.29 0.38 0.15 -37.72 -14.44 13.56 2.19 0.28 0.08 -20.44 -5.77 13.27 1.38 -0.53 0.28 -3.76 1.99 13.09 2.67 0.76 0.58 -17.25 -13.17 12.75 2.16 0.26 0.07 32.33 8.41 12.48 2.30 0.39 0.15 1.32 0.52 12.2 0.99 -0.91 0.83 -4.19 3.81 12.08 1.26 -0.65 0.42 4.73 -3.05 11.93 1.79 -0.11 0.01 14.80 -1.65 11.72 1.65 -0.26 0.07 -14.72 3.76 11.53 1.50 -0.41 0.17 12.59 -5.12 11.36 1.43 -0.47 0.23 22.26 -10.57 11.2 1.36 -0.55 0.30 -1.78 0.97 11.05 1.56 -0.34 0.12 9.27 -3.16 10.88 0.00 -1.90 3.62 -4.32 8.21 60.90 21.44 14.86 Table- 4

31-12-2012 28-09-2012 29-06-2012 30-03-2012 30-12-2011 30-09-2011 30-06-2011 31-03-2011 31-12-2010 30-09-2010 30-06-2010 31-03-2010 31-12-2009 30-09-2009 30-06-2009 31-03-2009 31-12-2008 30-09-2008 30-06-2008 31-03-2008 31-12-2007 28-09-2007 29-06-2007 30-03-2007 29-12-2006 29-09-2006 29-06-2006 31-03-2006 30-12-2005 30-09-2005 30-06-2005 31-03-2005

Calculation:Property Mean Variance Standard Deviation Covariance Nifty Variance Beta Risk Free (RF) CAPM 60.90/32 21.44/32 Root of Variance D*D 14.86/32 From Table 1.1 Cov/ Var of Nifty From Table 2.1 1.73+(4.32-1.73)(0.24%) Calculation 1.90 0.67 0.82 0.46 189.24 0.24% 1.73 1.74 Value (%)

From the following table the following has been calculated-: Mean Standard Deviation Covariance Beta CAPM

STATE BANK OF INDIA FIXED DEPOSIT:Calculation of Return, Standard Deviation, Co-variance, Beta and CAPM from the given NAV (Net Asset Value):DATE 31-12-2012 28-09-2012 29-06-2012 30-03-2012 30-12-2011 30-09-2011 30-06-2011 31-03-2011 31-12-2010 30-09-2010 30-06-2010 31-03-2010 31-12-2009 30-09-2009 30-06-2009 31-03-2009 31-12-2008 30-09-2008 30-06-2008 31-03-2008 31-12-2007 28-09-2007 29-06-2007 30-03-2007 29-12-2006 29-09-2006 29-06-2006 31-03-2006 30-12-2005 30-09-2005 30-06-2005 31-03-2005 Annual Quarterly DEVIATION (D)^2 D(From D*D RT RT (D) Table 1) 8.5 2.13 0.09 0.01 0.76 0.07 8.5 2.13 0.09 0.01 3.16 0.27 9.75 2.44 0.40 0.16 -4.69 -1.87 9.75 2.44 0.40 0.16 -3.37 -1.34 9.25 2.31 0.27 0.07 -6.71 -1.83 9.25 2.31 0.27 0.07 -7.15 -1.96 9 2.25 0.21 0.04 -8.97 -1.89 9 2.25 0.21 0.04 0.11 0.02 9 2.25 0.21 0.04 -12.82 -2.70 8.5 2.13 0.09 0.01 7.80 0.67 8.5 2.13 0.09 0.01 -2.62 -0.23 8.5 2.13 0.09 0.01 3.79 0.33 7.75 1.94 -0.10 0.01 -0.70 0.07 7.75 1.94 -0.10 0.01 -2.69 0.27 7.75 1.94 -0.10 0.01 29.15 -2.96 8 2.00 -0.04 0.00 16.53 -0.65 8 2.00 -0.04 0.00 -4.69 0.18 8 2.00 -0.04 0.00 -37.72 1.47 8 2.00 -0.04 0.00 -20.44 0.80 7.25 1.81 -0.23 0.05 -3.76 0.85 7.25 1.81 -0.23 0.05 -17.25 3.91 7.25 1.81 -0.23 0.05 32.33 -7.32 7.5 1.88 -0.16 0.03 1.32 -0.22 7.5 1.88 -0.16 0.03 -4.19 0.69 7.5 1.88 -0.16 0.03 4.73 -0.78 8 2.00 -0.04 0.00 14.80 -0.58 8 2.00 -0.04 0.00 -14.72 0.58 8 2.00 -0.04 0.00 12.59 -0.49 7.5 1.88 -0.16 0.03 22.26 -3.65 7.5 1.88 -0.16 0.03 -1.78 0.29 7.5 1.88 -0.16 0.03 9.27 -1.52 7.5 1.88 -0.16 0.03 -4.32 0.71 65.25 1.02 -18.81 Table - 5

Calculation Property Mean Variance Standard Deviation Covariance Nifty Variance Beta Risk Free (RF) CAPM 65.25/32 1.02/32 Root of Variance D*D -18.81/32 From Table 1.1 Cov/ Var of Nifty From Table 2.1 1.73+(4.32-1.73)(-0.31%) Table- 5.1 Calculation Value (%) 2.04 0.032 0.18 -0.58 189.24 -0.31% 1.73 1.72

From the following table the following has been calculated-: Mean Standard Deviation Covariance Beta CAPM

ICICI FIXED DEPOSIT

Calculation of Return, Standard Deviation, Co-variance, Beta and CAPM from the given NAV (Net Asset Value):DATE 31-12-2012 28-09-2012 29-06-2012 30-03-2012 30-12-2011 30-09-2011 30-06-2011 31-03-2011 31-12-2010 30-09-2010 30-06-2010 31-03-2010 31-12-2009 30-09-2009 30-06-2009 31-03-2009 31-12-2008 30-09-2008 30-06-2008 31-03-2008 31-12-2007 28-09-2007 29-06-2007 30-03-2007 29-12-2006 29-09-2006 29-06-2006 31-03-2006 30-12-2005 30-09-2005 30-06-2005 31-03-2005 Annual Quarterly DEVIATION (D)^2 D(From D*D RT RT (D) Table 1) 8.5 2.13 0.19 0.037 0.76 0.15 8.5 2.13 0.19 0.037 3.16 0.61 9.25 2.31 0.38 0.145 -4.69 -1.79 9 2.25 0.32 0.101 -3.37 -1.07 9 2.25 0.32 0.101 -6.71 -2.14 8.5 2.13 0.19 0.037 -7.15 -1.38 8.5 2.13 0.19 0.037 -8.97 -1.73 8.5 2.13 0.19 0.037 0.11 0.02 8.25 2.06 0.13 0.017 -12.82 -1.68 8.25 2.06 0.13 0.017 7.80 1.02 8 2.00 0.07 0.005 -2.62 -0.18 8 2.00 0.07 0.005 3.79 0.26 7.5 1.88 -0.06 0.003 -0.70 0.04 7.5 1.88 -0.06 0.003 -2.69 0.15 7.5 1.88 -0.06 0.003 29.15 -1.65 7.5 1.88 -0.06 0.003 16.53 -0.94 7.5 1.88 -0.06 0.003 -4.69 0.27 7.5 1.88 -0.06 0.003 -37.72 2.14 7 1.75 -0.18 0.033 -20.44 3.71 7 1.75 -0.18 0.033 -3.76 0.68 7 1.75 -0.18 0.033 -17.25 3.13 7 1.75 -0.18 0.033 32.33 -5.87 7 1.75 -0.18 0.033 1.32 -0.24 7.25 1.81 -0.12 0.014 -4.19 0.50 7.25 1.81 -0.12 0.014 4.73 -0.56 7.5 1.88 -0.06 0.003 14.80 -0.84 7.5 1.88 -0.06 0.003 -14.72 0.83 7.5 1.88 -0.06 0.003 12.59 -0.71 7 1.75 -0.18 0.033 22.26 -4.04 7 1.75 -0.18 0.033 -1.78 0.32 7 1.75 -0.18 0.033 9.27 -1.68 7 1.75 -0.18 0.033 -4.32 0.78 61.81 0.932 -11.89 Table- 6

Calculation:Property Mean Variance Standard Deviation Covariance Nifty Variance Beta Risk Free (RF) CAPM 61.81/32 0.932/32 Root of Variance D*D -11.89/32 From table 1.1 Cov/ Var of Nifty From Table 2.1 1.73+(4.32-1.73)(-0.20%) Calculation Value (%) 1.93 0.029 0.17 -0.37 189.24 -0.20 1.73 1.72

From the following table the following has been calculated-: Mean Standard Deviation Covariance Beta CAPM

FEDERAL BANK FIXED DEPOSIT

Calculation of Return, Standard Deviation, Co-variance, Beta and CAPM from the given NAV (Net Asset Value):-

DATE 31-12-2012 28-09-2012 29-06-2012 30-03-2012 30-12-2011 30-09-2011 30-06-2011 31-03-2011 31-12-2010 30-09-2010 30-06-2010 31-03-2010 31-12-2009 30-09-2009 30-06-2009 31-03-2009 31-12-2008 30-09-2008 30-06-2008 31-03-2008 31-12-2007 28-09-2007 29-06-2007 30-03-2007 29-12-2006 29-09-2006 29-06-2006 31-03-2006 30-12-2005 30-09-2005 30-06-2005 31-03-2005

Annual Quarterly DEVIATION (D)^2 D(From D*D RT RT (D) Table 1) 8.25 2.06 0.12 0.0133 0.76 0.09 8.25 2.06 0.12 0.0133 3.16 0.36 8.75 2.19 0.24 0.0577 -4.69 -1.13 8.75 2.19 0.24 0.0577 -3.37 -0.81 8.5 2.13 0.18 0.0316 -6.71 -1.19 8.5 2.13 0.18 0.0316 -7.15 -1.27 8.25 2.06 0.12 0.0133 -8.97 -1.03 8.25 2.06 0.12 0.0133 0.11 0.01 8.25 2.06 0.12 0.0133 -12.82 -1.48 8 2.00 0.05 0.0028 7.80 0.41 8 2.00 0.05 0.0028 -2.62 -0.14 8 2.00 0.05 0.0028 3.79 0.20 7.5 1.88 -0.07 0.0052 -0.70 0.05 7.5 1.88 -0.07 0.0052 -2.69 0.19 7.5 1.88 -0.07 0.0052 29.15 -2.11 8 2.00 0.05 0.0028 16.53 0.87 8 2.00 0.05 0.0028 -4.69 -0.25 8 2.00 0.05 0.0028 -37.72 -1.99 7.5 1.88 -0.07 0.0052 -20.44 1.48 7 1.75 -0.20 0.0389 -3.76 0.74 7 1.75 -0.20 0.0389 -17.25 3.40 7 1.75 -0.20 0.0389 32.33 -6.38 7 1.75 -0.20 0.0389 1.32 -0.26 7.25 1.81 -0.13 0.0182 -4.19 0.56 7.25 1.81 -0.13 0.0182 4.73 -0.64 7.5 1.88 -0.07 0.0052 14.80 -1.07 7.5 1.88 -0.07 0.0052 -14.72 1.06 8 2.00 0.05 0.0028 12.59 0.66 7.5 1.88 -0.07 0.0052 22.26 -1.61 7.5 1.88 -0.07 0.0052 -1.78 0.13 7.5 1.88 -0.07 0.0052 9.27 -0.67 7.5 1.88 -0.07 0.0052 -4.32 0.31 62.31 0.5087 -11.47 Table-7

Calculation Property Mean Variance Standard Deviation Covariance Nifty Variance Beta Risk Free (RF) CAPM Calculation 62.31/32 0.5087/32 Root of Variance D*D -11.47/32 From Table 1.1 Cov/ Var of Nifty From Table 2.1 1.73+(4.32-1.73)(-0.18%) Table:- 7.1 Value (%) 1.95 0.0159 0.13 -0.35 189.24 -0.18% 1.73 1.73

From the following table the following has been calculated-: Mean Standard Deviation Covariance Beta CAPM

Table For MEAN

Fund Mean

SBI MF Reliance MF UTI MF SBI FD ICICI FD Federal Bank

Table- 8

1.38 1.9 1.9 2.04 1.93 1.95

From the above table, the return from the investments (Fixed Deposits as well as Mutual Funds), fixed deposits are performing well as compared to mutual funds. SBI Fixed Deposits is giving a return of 2.04 which is best among Fixed Deposits as well Mutual Funds. The minimum return obtained from Fixed Deposits i.e ICICI Fixed Deposit is giving a return of 1.93, Federal Bank is 1.95 which is better than maximum return of Mutual Funds from the year 2005 to 2012.

2.50 2.04 2.00 1.38 1.9 1.9 1.93 1.95

1.50

1.00

0.50

0.00 Sbi MF Reliance MF UTI MF Sbi FD Mean ICICI FD Federal Bank

Figure- 1 The above graph represents the returns from Mutual Funds and Fixed Deposits.

Table For Standard Deviation

Fund SD

Sbi MF Reliance MF UTI MF Sbi FD ICICI FD Federal Bank

Table-9

2.47 3.86 0.82 0.18 0.17 0.126

The above table shows the risk involved in the investment. Reliance Mutual Fund has the highest risk i.e 3.86 among the Mutual Funds and Fixed Deposits and from the table it is clear that Mutual Funds are highly riskier as compared to Fixed Deposits.

3.86 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Sbi MF Reliance MF UTI MF Sbi FD ICICI FD Federal Bank 0.18 0.17 0.12 0.82 2.47

Sd

Figure-2

The above figure represents the risks associated with Mutual Funds and Fixed Deposits.

Comparing Risk And Return

Fund SD Mean

SBI MF Reliance MF UTI MF SBI FD ICICI FD Federal Bank

Table-10

2.47 3.86 0.82 0.18 0.17 0.126

1.38 1.9 1.9 2.04 1.93 1.95

The above table represents the relationship between risk and return of the Mutual Funds as well as Fixed Deposits. From the table we can interpret that Mutual Funds are more risky than Fixed Deposits. And return of Fixed Deposits is more as compared to Mutual Funds.

Chart Title
4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 0.00 Sbi MF Reliance MF UTI MF Mean Sd

Sbi FD

ICICI FD

Federal Bank

Figure-3

The above chart clearly represents the risk and the return relationship. From the investor point of view, standard deviation that is risk should be low and mean that is return should be high.

Table for Beta

Fund Beta

SBI MF Reliance MF UTI MF SBI FD ICICI FD Federal Bank

Table-11

-0.21% -0.78% 0.24% -0.30% -0.19% -0.18%

The above table represents that all the investments have a negative beta except for one that is UTI Mutual Fund is0.24%. It is also clear the above investments have a negligible beta so that it can be taken as zero. Thus movement of funds is uncorrelated with the movement of index. Beta () and its significance

Value of Beta

Interpretation

<0

Asset generally moves in the opposite direction as compared to the index

=0

Movement of the asset is uncorrelated with the movement of the index

0<<1

Movement of the asset is generally in the same direction as, but less than the movement of the index

=1

Movement of the asset is generally in the same direction as, and about the same amount as the movement of the index

>1

Movement of the asset is generally in the same direction as, but more than the movement of the index
Table-B

Beta
0.40% 0.20% 0.00% Axis Title -0.20% -0.40% -0.60% -0.80% Beta

Sbi MF -0.21%

Reliance MF -0.78%

UTI MF 0.24%

Sbi FD -0.30%

ICICI FD -0.19%

Federal Bank -0.18%

Figure-4

The above figure represents beta( a number describing the correlated volatility of an asset in relation to the volatility of the index that said asset is being compared to) of various investments.

Table for CAPM

Fund Capm

SBI MF Reliance MF UTI MF SBI FD ICICI FD Federal Bank

Table-12

1.72 1.71 1.74 1.72 1.72 1.73

The CAPM says that the expected return of a security or a portfolio equals the rate on a riskfree security plus a risk premium. If this expected return does not meet or beat the required return, then the investment should not be undertaken. The above table represents the CAPM values which is equal to or more than Risk Free Rate except for Reliance Mutual Fund. Reliance Mutual Fund has a CAPM of 1.71 which is less than Risk Free Rate that is 1.72 and thus the investment should not be undertaken.

CAPM
1.74 1.73 1.72 1.71 1.7 1.69 Sbi MF Reliance MF UTI MF Sbi FD ICICI FD Federal Bank

Figure-5

The above figure represents different sets of CAPM values for different investment. UTI has highest value. Thus, premium is given by this investment at a higher rate as compared to others.

Comparison Table Mean SBI MF Reliance MF UTI MF SBI FD ICICI FD Federal Bank Nifty 1.38 1.9 1.9 2.04 1.93 1.95 4.32 SD 2.47 3.86 0.82 0.18 0.17 0.126 13.75 Beta -0.21% -0.78% 0.24% -0.30% -0.19% -0.18% CAPM 1.72 1.71 1.74 1.72 1.72 1.73 RF 1.73

Table-13

The maximum return is from SBI Fixed Deposits, but if we compare with market return that is Nifty (4.32) it is less than it. SBIMutual Fund has higher risk but its return is not equal to its risk.

4. Conc

l us io ns an d s ug g e s t ions

conclusions

BANKS Returns Administrative exp. Risk Investment option Network Liquidity Quality of Assets Interest calculation Low High Low Less High penetration At a cost Not Transparent Quarterly i.e. 3rd 6th 9th & 12th. Guarantor Account Guarantor is needed. Needed Better Low

MUTUAL FUNDS

Moderate More Low but improving Better Transparent Every Month

Guarantor is not needed. Not Needed.

Suggestions Thus it is clear from the above conclusion that Mutual Funds provide a low rate of return and are riskier to invest as compared to Fixed Deposits that are comparatively secure and yield high returns. Thus , it is better to invest in Fixed Deposits due to the following reasons-:
Safety The fixed deposits of reputed banks and financial institutions regulated by RBI (Reserve Bank of India) the banking regulator in India are very secure and considered as one of the safest investment methods. Regular Income Fixed deposits earn fixed interest rates for their entire tenure, which is usually compounded quarterly. So, those who want an income on a regular basis can invest into fixed deposits and use the interest rate as their income. This makes a fixed deposit very popular way of investing money for retirees. Saves tax With the directives of the income tax department stating that investment in fixed deposits up to a maximum of Rs.100,000 for 5 years are eligible for tax deductions under section 80 C of income tax act, fixed deposits have again become popular. Fixed deposits save tax and give high returns on invested money.

Guaranteed return. The only reason why our parents and many in our generation also have this single concept of investment is because of its safety features. Easy to raise a loan against your FD. One can borrow up to 90 per cent of the FDs amount. Flexible maturity date, it is for this feature that you can invest for a time frame that is as less as 6 months to as long as 10 years or even more.

Bibliography REFERENCE BOOK: FINANCIAL MARKET AND SERVICES- Gordon and Natarajan.

 INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT - V.K.BHALLA Research Methodology Kothari. WEBSITE: www.mutualfundindia.com www.indiamarkets.com www.utimf.com www.reliancemutual.com www.sebi.gov.in www.moneycontrol.com