SPECIFIC PROPERTIES OF TWISTED YARNS

Twist Level and Fibre Configuration

An adequate twist level and the required number of strands are determined by both the singles-yarn properties and the final application of the folded or twisted yarn. Twist structure is characterized by the twist multiplier or twist factor or metric alpha value. This is defined as Where t the twist expressed in turns/m. and Ti the effective linear density of the composite yarn expressed in tex. The same notation is used for spin twist and folding twist. Comprehensive investigations have clarified the fibre configurations of ply-twisted strands single-end worsted yarns mostly have M values of around 90: the twist in the folded yarns approaches the spin twist, to yield plied M values ranging from 120 to 130. Yarns spun on the cotton system usually have M values of from 110 to 130. Amount of twist to be given in folded yarns is dependent upon the end use of the yarn. Normally it is kept according to the requirement of user. A balanced twist yarn is one which does not snarl. For making a balanced twist yarn the ratio of Folding yarn twist to single yarn twist (F/S Ratio) is kept 0.50. This balance of twist is achieved by inserting the doubling twist in a direction opposite to the single yarn twist. There are 4 possible combinations of twist in doubling 1234S on Z ( single yarn with Z twist and double yarn with S twist) Z on S ( single yarn with S twist and double yarn with Z twist) Z on Z ( single yarn with Z twist and double yarn with Z twist) S on S ( single yarn with S twist and double yarn with S twist)

Z on Z and S on S plied yarns are not stable w.r.t. twist and show snarling tendency. To reduce snarling these yarns must be twist set by vacuum steaming. Tensile Properties Folding a yarn first of all means doubling. i.e. equalizing and compensating single strand defects, such as weak spots and thin or thick places. Ply-twisting staple-fibre yarns will therefore, in almost all cases, result in increased tenacity and. The stress-strain curve will become more linear. The composite yarn will display better recovery after applied loads have been removed and a correspondingly higher work of rupture. The highest strength is

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achieved where the ply twist and spin twist are approximately equal because a fibre arrangement that is almost parallel to the yarn axis makes maximum use of the inherent fibre strength. Plied-yarn tenacity may surpass single-end tenacity by as much as 30%. Tenacity decreases and extensibility increases for yarns ply twisted in the same direction as they are spin-twisted, because the fibres are highly inclined with respect to the yarn axis. Owing to doubling, the coefficients of variation of both yarn tenacity and extensibility of the resultant folded yarns are always lower than those of the component single yarns. The strength of single-end continuous-filament yarns will increase only slightly as a result of twisting. Maximum strength may be achieved at quite low M values where the point of optimum load-sharing of all filaments of a strand occurs. Thereafter, yarn tenacity will decrease with increasing twist as the filaments no longer fully support the axial yarn load

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