Shwe Oo Daung - Maung San Shar Short Stories Vol 2

a&TOa'gif;
]] þ pHkaxmufarmifpH&Sm; 0w¦Kwdkrsm; tm;vHk;onf pma&;q&mwifaqGrdk;ESifh ,aeY rEåav;pmtkyfwdkuf

t,f'DwmtzJGY wdkYrS pkaqmif;&SmazGxm;aom 0w¦Krsm;jzpfonf/ wpfBudrfwpfcgrQ wpfpkwpfa0;wnf; pmtkyftjzpf
yHkESdyfaz:jyzl;jcif; r&Sdao;yg/ ,ckpmtkyfonf yxrtkyf jzpfonf/ ]]
"""
rsufESmzHk;o½kyfazmf
wifa rmif rsif h
"""
pmtkyfcsKyf
udkjrifh
"""
pmtkyfwefzdk;
2000 usyf
"""
twGif;zvif
udkOD; (Quality)
""" pmrlcGifhjyKcsuftrSwf 71/ 2001(1)? rsufESmzHk;cGifhjyKcsuftrSwf 50/ 2002(1)? yxrtBudrf?

tkyfa& 500? 2002 ckESpf? azazmf0g&DvwGif jzefYa0onf/ xkwfa0ol - OD;ausmfqef; (&Jatmif pmaywdkuf) (0932)?
trSwf (2)? cRef; (1)vrf;? r*FvmawmifnGefYNrdKUe,f? &efukefNrdKU/ rsufESmzHk;ESifh twGif; yH kESdyf ol - a':a&T? okc
yHkESdyfwdkuf (12079)? 128? 46vrf;? &efukefNrdKU/ uG ef ysLwmpmpD - ]jr} uGefysLwm/
Commercial use of this book will be at your own risk
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif 2
pHka xmufa rmifpH&Sm;
pHkaxmufarmifpH&Sm;
aygif;csKyf
('w
k d,tky)f
a&TOa'gif;
]]]] pdf rSwfwrf; ]]]]

uGefjyLwm pmpDpm½dkuf
zeta
tacsmowf pdf wnf;jzwfol
Harry Lwin
]] MMCP pdf Creator Group rSwifqifonf ]]

]] jrefrm EBook tjzpf ]]
yxrtBudrf
rwfv 2009
Commercial use of this book will be at your own risk
a&TOa'gif;
rmwdum
1/ wpfuRef;jyefwpfa,muftrIü armifpH&Sm; pHkaxmufyHk ................................................................................... 6

2/ armifpH&Sm;onf tb,faMumifh vlysdKBuD;vkyfí aeygoenf;....................................................................... 43
3/ ESpfxyfausmh ............................................................................................................................................ 87
4/ tqdyfaomufaoonfqdkaomtrI ............................................................................................................ 98
5/ xl;qef;aom vlowfrIBuD; .....................................................................................................................109
6/ olaX;uawmfwpfOD;trI .......................................................................................................................... 118
7/ udk,fhudk,fudk owfjcif;avm olwpfyg;owfjcif;avm .............................................................................. 130
8/ ajrydkif&Sif vifr,m;trI ......................................................................................................................... 142
9/ xl;qef;aom ajrbkwfbDvl; trIü armifpH&Sm;pHkaxmufyHk ......................................................................... 153
10/ OD;atmif'Gef;udk b,folowfovJ .......................................................................................................165
11/ w½kwfujym;rav; rusifNrdKiftrI.......................................................................................................178
12/ rif;wkdifyiftrwfwpfOD;\ trIü armifpH&Sm; pHkaxmufyHk ....................................................................... 192
13/ ,pfrsdK;pHkaxmuf wpfa,muf aoqHk;rI ................................................................................................ 205
14/ pdefvk,ufrIü pHkaxmufyHk ................................................................................................................... 215
15/ udk,hfudk,fudk owfaoonfqkdonfh trIü pHkaxmufjcif; ......................................................................226
16/ xl;qef;aom tarGrIBuD;ü armifpH&Sm; pHkaxmufyHk................................................................................. 236
17/ bk&ifcHuawmf ykvJykwD;aysmufrIü pHkaxmufyHk ..................................................................................... 249
18/ wl0&D;ESpfa,muf\ xl;qef;aom trIü pHkaxmufjcif; ......................................................................... 260
19/ tdEd´,jynf? rkdufpkd;e,f? r[m&mZmapmfbGm;\eef;wGif;ywåjrm;aysmufqHk;rIü armifpH&Sm;pHkaxmufyHk ......... 269
20/ rkd;ukwftarGtrIü armifpH&Sm; pHkaxmufyHk ............................................................................................ 279
21/ touftmrcH ukrÜPD trI ................................................................................................................. 289
22/ armifpH&Sm;ESifh xl;qef;aom tdk;jcrf;yJY txdrf;trSwftrI ...................................................................... 299
23/ tpkd;& pmcsKyfrsm; aysmufqHk;rIü OD;pH&Sm; pHkaxmufyHk .............................................................................309
24/ a&eHacsmif;wGif;pm;½kd;wpfa,muf\ trII ..............................................................................................322
25/ eef;pOfywåjrm;trIü armifpH&Sm;pHkaxmufyHk ........................................................................................... 332
26/ aumfydka&;&Sif; OuúXaysmufrI pHkaxmufyHk .............................................................................................358
27/ ukvm;"m;jytoif;BuD;ESifh pHkaxmufarmifpH&Sm;....................................................................................370
28/ £wd¬,okduform; wpfa,muftrI ..................................................................................................... 383
29/ ya&mfzufqm q&mBuD; OD;xGef;azESifh &ifqkdif&jcif; ..............................................................................395

30/ ya&mfzufqm q&mBuD; OD;xGef;azESifh armifpH&Sm; .................................................................................408
31/ pHkaxmufarmifpH&Sm;onf vlqkd;wkdU vufwGif;okdU oufqif;&yHk ............................................................ 417
32/ pHkaxmufarmifpH&Sm;tm; vkyfBuHMuyHk ................................................................................................... 426
33/ usm;avm vlavm.............................................................................................................................. 433
a&TOa'gif;
1/ wpfuRef;jyefwpfa,muftrIü armifpH&Sm; pHkaxmufyHk

wpfaeUaom we*FaEGaeUü armifpH&Sm;onf tdrfa&SU {nfhcef;wGif xdkifvsuf zefbl; zefcGuf zefjyGefrS pí ud&d,m
wefqmrsm;ESifh "mwfowåKrsm;udk rdrd 0goemtavsmuf cGJjcrf;pdwfjzm prf;oyfvsuf &Sdae&mrS ud&d,mrsm;udk
½kwfw&uf csxm;NyD;vQif ukvm;xdkifwGif rSDum tysif;ajy vdrfNyD;aemuf
]NyD;ayNyDAsm? eufjzefrSyJ usefwJhtwGuf qufNyD; vkyfawmhr,f? 'gxuf udkodef;armifa&U? tckwavm w,fNyD;
usKyfESifh qdkifwJh trIrsm;u eJyguvm;As? bmr[kwfwJh trIEk uav;awGcsnf;yJ awGUae&w,f? usKyfu cifAsm;
odwJh twdkif; trIr&jyefrSjzifh ysif;jyefa&mAs? pdwfudk tvum; rxm;wwfbJ[mudk; udkodef;armif&JU? ysif;vSw,fAsm?
vrf;avQmufMuOD;pdkUvm;} [k ajymvsuf xdkif&mrS xrnf jyKonfwGif avScg;rS ajcoHMum;vdkuf&m armifpH&Sm;vnf;
½kwfw&uf jyefí xdkifNyD;vQif
}aumfNyDAsdKU? aumfjyefNyD/ trIonfESifh wlw,f? ajcoHu w,frjyif;vSbl;? rdef;rajcoHESifh wlw,f} [kajymí rqHk;rD
wHcg;udk tjyifrS acgufoHMum;&av\/
xdktcg armifpH&Sm;vnf; ]0ifcJhav} [k ajymvdkufonfwGif oli,fr wpfa,mufvnf; tcef;wGif;odkU r&Jw&J
0ifvmí
]udkpH&Sm; [kwfyg&JUvm;&Sif} [k ar;ojzifh armifpH&Sm;onf [kwfygaMumif;ESifh ajymqdkNyD;vQif ½dkaoorI jyKonfh
trlt&mESifh aumif;rGefpGm ae&mxdkifcif;ay;av\/
¤if;oli,frrSm touf ESpfq,ft&G,fcefUrQ &Sdvsuf Muufoa&&SdvSaom £aÈódu©mESifhvnf;aumif;? vGefrif;pGm
aumif;rGef awmufyjcif; r&SdbJvsuf oifhwifh½HkrQ &Sdaom t0wfwefqmrsm;udk uspfvpfodyfonf;pGm
0wfqifvsufvnf;aumif;? tvGefw&m csdKat;Munfvif Ek,OfvSpGmaom rsufESmxm;jzifhvnf;aumif;
jynfhpHkvSayonf jzpf&um; uRefawmfrSm þrQavmuf cspfcifzG,faumif;vSaom oli,fruav;udk þtouf
þt&G,fwdkifa&mufatmif wpfBudrfwpfcgrQ rawGUjrifbl;ayNyDwum;[k pdwfü rSwfxifrdygaMumif;/
tcsdKUaom oli,fruav;wdkUonfrSm rsufESmxm;tm;jzifh vSywifhw,f ½IcsifpzG,f &SdMuay\/ tcsdKUrSmvnf;
udk,fvHk;udk,fayguftm;jzifh tqif;twuf ajyjypfnDñGwfjcif;ESifh jynfhpHkMuay\? odkU&mwGif cspfcifzG,faumif;jcif;?
a,mufsm;wdkU\ pdwfESvHk;udk El;ñGwfatmif jzpfapjcif; tp&Sdonfh t&mXmeürl ¤if;rdef;uav;xuf xl;uJaom
rdef;uav;wdkUrSm &Smí awGUEdkifrnf r[kwfawmhacs/
rdef;uav;onf tenf;i,f wkefvIyfaom trlt&mESifh armifpH&Sm;u cif;í ay;aom ukvm;xkdifwGif xdkifNyD;aemuf
]vGefcJhwJh oHk;ESpfavmufu uRefrrdwfaqGwpfa,muf a': oif;Munfqdkwmudk onfu tudkBuD;u
ulnDapmifrzl;wJhtwGuf uRefrudk vrf;nTefvdkufavawmh uRefrudkvnf; xkdenf;twl ulnDvdrfhr,fvdkU ajr§mfvifhNyD;
vmcJh&ygw,f tudkBuD;&Sifh} [k armifpH&Sm;tm; tvGefw&m tm;xm;vSaom rsufESmxm;jzifh ajymavvQif
armifpH&Sm;vnf; pOf;pm;onfh rsufESmjzifh
]a':oif;Munf? a':oif;Munf? aMomf owd&NyDAsdKU? [kwfw,f [kwfw,f usKyfenf;enf; ulnDzl;w,f?
odkUaomfvnf; olUtrIu w,fBuD; reufvSygbl;? cyf½dk;½dk; cyf&Sif;&Sif;ygyJ}
]tudkBuD;rSmom &Sif;ygw,f &Sif? cjrmrSmjzifh [dkwHk;u ½Iyf&SmvGef;vdkU rBuHwwfatmif jzpfNyD;aevdkUrdkU tudkBuD;
ulnDwmrsm; ajymvdkUawmif rqHk;Edkif&Smygbl;&Sif? odkUaomfvnf; olUtrI[muawmh b,fvdkyif &Sif;onfjzpfí ,ck
uRefrvma&mufcJh&wJh trI[mujzifh tifrwefvnf; xl;qef; tifrwefvnf; ½IyfaxG;wJh trI ygyJ tudkBuD;&Sifh} [k
ajymvQif armifpH&Sm;vnf; tvGefw&m ESpfouf tm;&&Sdaom rsufESmxm;ESifh oli,frtm; MunfhNyD;vQif ]udkif;
rdef;uav; trI ajymjyprf;Asm} [k ajymvsuf em;pdkufum &Sdaeav\/
xdktcg uRefawmfvnf; uRefawmf\ a&SUü rdef;uav;onf pum;pHkvifpGm ajym&rnfudk aMumuf&GHUrnfpdk;ojzifh

xdkif&mrS xrnfjyKavvQif oli,fru
]udpör&Sdygbl;&Sif? xdkifomxkdifyg? wpfqdwfuav; tudkBuD;u awmif;yefay;yg&Sif? tudkBuD;rdwfaqG jzpfcJhvdkU&SdvQif
uRefrtrIudk ESpfa,mufvHk;Mum;Mu&if omNyD; aumif;ygvdrfhr,f&Sif} [k ajymojzifh uRefawmfvnf; jyefí
xdkif&av\/ ¤if;aemuf rdef;uav;u
]udkif; uRefr twdkcsKyfNyD; ajymyg&ap&Sif? uRefr tazu yxruawmh ausmif;q&m vkyfNyD;aecJh? vGefcJhwJh
ppfBuD;twGif;rSm ausmif;q&mtvkyfudk pGefUNyD; toufyifBuD;aomfvnf; toufudk avsmhayghajymNyD;
ppfrIxrf;&GufzdkU ppfxJudk vdkufoGm;&yga&mh&Sif? uRefr rdcifuawmh uRefr i,fi,fuav;uyJ? aoqHk;NyD; oGm;&Sm?
uRefrrSm a':a':wpfa,mufESifh twlwuG aexdkifNyD; t*Fvdyfpmrsm;udk oifMum;cJh? 7wef;ESifh q&mjzpf y½dkifrm&D
pmar;yGJudk atmifjrifNyD; ausmif;q&mtvkyfESifh udk,f0rf;udk,fcg;udk xdef;ausmif;cJh&ygw,f&Sif/}
]onfhaemuf ppfBuD;NyD;ajrmufavawmh uRefrwdkU taz jyefvmr,fvdkU pmrsm;&wmESifh uRefrrSm apmifhqdkif;NyD; aecJh?
wpfaeUoüawmh jyefvmaMumif; owif;Mum;wJhjyif rdwfaqGwpfa,muftdrfrSm wnf;cdkaexdkifaMumif; owif;
Mum;&yga&m&Sif? onfawmh uRefrrSm uRefrtaz[m jyefvm&ufESifh uRefrudkrS EIwfrqufao;bJ olwpfyg;tdrfrSm
wnf;cdk&ufavjcif;vdkU pdwfxJrSm rcHcsifaomfvnf; taz&Sd&m oGm;NyD; wpfreufcif;rSm ar;yga&m&Sif? ar;awmh
olUwnf;tdrfu vlawGu uRefrtaz[m nuwnf;u xGufoGm;vdkufwm ,ckwdkif jyefrvmao;aMumif;
Mum;&yga&m&Sif? 'gESifh uRefrvnf; wpf&ufwpf&ufESifh apmifhvdkufwm ig;&ufavmufMumawmh bmrsm;
jzpfavovJvdkU pdwfrcswmESifh ykvdyfudk wdkifcsufay;yga&m&Sif? onfawmh uRefrvnf; ykvdyft&m&Sdrsm;u
tBuHay;csuft& owif;pmxJrSm xnfhNyD;aMumfjim? ykvdyfpHkaxmufrsm;udkvnf; pHkaxmufzdkUajym? trsdK;rsdK; uRefr
BudK;pm;aomfvnf; b,fenf;ESifh vkyfvdkUrS owif;r&bl;&Sif? onfawmh}
&S m;/ /]aeygtHk;rdef;uav;&,f? &ufpGJ ajymprf;yg? b,f&ufu jyefvmovJ}
rd ef ;uav;/ /]1919 ck? azaz:0g&Dv 12 &ufaeUu jyefa&mufygw,f&Sif}
&S m;/ /]b,fESpf&ufaeUu aysmufoGm;ovJ}
rd ef ;uav;/ /]aemufwpf&ufyJ aysmufoGm;w,f&Sifh? 13 &ufaeU}
&S m;/ /]wpfESpfausmfoGm;ygNyDaumAsm? 'gxuf olUypönf;rsm;aum rusef&pfbl;vm;}
rd ef ;uav;/ /]rsm;rsm;rusef&pfygbl;&Sif? t0wftpm;uav; eJeJESifh pmtkyfuav; oHk;av;tkyfESifh onfhjyif
wdkvDrdkvDypönf;uav; eJeJyg;yg;ygyJ&Sif}
&S m ;/ / ]&efukefNrdKUxJrSm olwnf;wJh tdrfrSwpfyg; onfhjyif rdwfaqGrsm; &Sdao;ovm;}
rd ef ;uav;/ /]onfhjyif rdwfaqGwpfa,mufom &Sdw,fvdkU uRefr Mum;zl;ygw,f&Sif? onfrdwfaqGu
uRefrwdkUtazESifh twlwl ppfxJrSm trIxrf;NyD; rrmvdkU jyefvmwm? olu ajcmufvavmuf t&ifa&mufESifh
ygw,f&Sif? olUtdrfudkvnf; uRefr oGm;NyD; ar;ygw,f? ar;awmh olu uRefrwdkU tazjyefa&mufvmw,f
qdkwmawmif ol rod&ygbl;wJh}
&S m;/ /]olUemrnfu b,folwJhvJ}
rd ef ;uav;/ /]OD;xGef;ausmfwJh&Sif}
&S m;/ /]bm&mxl;vJAs? ppfxJrSm}
rd ef ;uav;/ /]*sr'gygwJh&Sif}
a&TOa'gif;
&S m;/ /]oli,fr tazuaum twlwlyJvm;}

rd ef ;uav;/ /][kwfygw,f&Sif? *sr'gygyJ? trnfuawmh OD;om[efygwJh}
&S m;/ /]udkif; onfhjyif ajymprf;ygOD;Asm}
rd ef ;uav;/ /] 'gESifh uRefrvnf; owif;rMum;avawmh pdwfnpfnpfeJU vufavQmh&rvdkjzpfaewkef;
ajcmufvavmuftMumrSm wpfaeUoüawmh owif;pm wpfapmifxJrSm *sr'gOD;om[ef orD;wpfa,muf[m
b,ft&yf b,fa'orSm aexdkifaMumif; ¤if;owif;pmxJrSm jyefMum;ajzqdkvQifjzifh aus;Zl;&Sdygvdrfhr,fwJh
ygvmwmudk;&Sifh? onfawmh uRefru uRefra':a':udk wdkifyifNyD; rMumrDtwGif;yJae&yfESifhwuG vdyfudk
ajzMum;vdkufyga&m&Sifh? onfvdkvJ owif;pmxJuaeNyD; ajzvdkufyga&m aemufwpfaeUrSm uRefrtrnfESifh
txkyfuav;wpfxkyf a&mufvmyga&m&Sifh? 'gESifh uRefr jznfMunfhawmh tifrwef ta&mifaumif;wJh ykvJBuD;wpfvHk;
awGUyga&m &Sif? onfhjyifawmh pmvnf; ryg? bmvJ ryg? b,fu ydkUvdkufvdkU b,fvdk tBuHtpnfESifhrSef;vnf;
uRefr rod&ygbl;&Sif? 'gESifh onfykvJudk pdefwdkufu bmblrsm;udk oGm;jyawmh tbdk; oHk;&m xdkufwefw,fvdkU
tzdk;jzwf vdkufygw,f&Sif? jzwfvdkufayr,fh b,fvdk tBuHtpnfESifh ydkUvdkufrSef; rodavawmh uRefrvnf;
ra&mif;bl;&Sifh? &wJh vcuav;ESifhyJ uspfuspfuav; pm;aomufaecJhygw,f? 'gESifh tJ'DaeUu pNyD; vqef;
wpf&ufaeUwkdif; wpf&ufaeUwdkif; onfykvJrsdK; wpfvHk;wpfvHk; a&muf a&mufvmygw,f&Sif? ,ck 12 v&SdvdkUrdkU ykvJ
12 vHk; uRefrqD a&mufygNyD&Sif? t&G,fuvnf; nD ta&mifuvnf; nDygbdoESifh Munfhygawmh&Sif} [k ajymvsuf
oli,frvnf; uEkurmjzifh jyKvkyfxm;aom aowåmi,ftwGif;rS ykvJ 12 vHk;udk uRefawmfwdkUtm; xkwfí
jyav\/
armifpH&Sm;vnf; ykvJudk aocsmpGmMunfh½INyD;aemuf
]aumif;ygw,f? aumif;wJh ykvJBuD;awG? wpfvHk; 400 xufreJ wefyg&JUAsm/ udkif; udkif; onfhjyif ajymygOD;Asm}
rd ef ;uav;/ /]'gESifh onfvdk vpOf ykvJ wpfvHk; wpfvHk; &NyD;vmcJh? onfuaeUawmh tcgwdkif;vdk ykvJ
ra&mufvmbJESifh a[m'Dpmwpfapmif a&mufvmygw,f&Sif} [k ajymí pmwpfapmifudk xkwfí jy&m armifpH&Sm;u
]pmtdwfygay;Asm} [k ajymí pmtdwfyg ,lí MunfhNyD;aemuf
]tif; pmwdkufwHqdyfu MunfhjrifwdkifwHqdyf? &ufpGJu pufwifbmv 1 &ufaeU? pmtdyfaxmifhu vufr&mBuD;[mu
pmydkUukvm;&JU vufr&myJESifh wlw,f? pmtdyfuvnf; pmtdyfaumif;? pma&;puúLuvnf; puúLaumif;? tenf;qHk;
wpf&mudk oHk;usyfavmuf ay;&r,f/ pmxJrSm vufrSwfvnf; rxdk;bl;? ae&yfvnf; rygbl;? &ufpGJvnf; rygbl;?
udkif; udkif; pmxJrSm bmygovJ Munfh&atmif} [k ajymvsuf armifpH&Sm;vnf; atmufygtwdkif; zwfav\/
],aeUn 8em&D tcsdefwGif ypfcsm;yJavpfh t&dyfj yyGJ½Hka&SUodkU tazmfESpfa,mufESifh vmcJhygav/

rd ef;uav;rSm rsm;pGm tepfemcH ae&ygojzifh uREfkyf wwftm;orQ ulnDvdkygonf/ odkU&mwGif
ykvdyf rsm;udkjzifh rac:cJhygES ifh/ ykvdyfrsm; ygcJhvQif uREkfyfESifh awGUawmhrnf r[kwfyg}
rdwfaqGwpfa,muf
¤if;pmudk zwfNyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;u }tif; awmfawmf aumif;yHkay:wJh trIuav;yJ? udkif; udkif; rdef;uav;emrnfu
rESif;ñGefU [kwfvm;}
ñGefU/ /][kwfygw,f&Sif}
&S m;/ /]udkif; onftrIrSm rESif;ñGefU b,fhES,fvkyfzdkU BuHpnfovJ}
ñGefU/ /]uRefrjzifh b,fhES,fvkyf&r,f rodwwfvdkU tudkBuD;qD vm&jcif; jzpfygw,f&Sif}

&S m;/ /]udkif; usKyftBuHtwdkif; vkdufrSmjzifh olrSmwJhtwdkif; usKyfwkdU oGm;Mur,f? tazmfESpfa,muf ac:cJhqdkw,f
r[kwfvm;? ae&musNyD; onfu udkodef;armifESifh usKyfESifh vdkufMur,f b,fhES,fvJ}
ñGefU/ /(uRefawmfhbufodkU vSnfhvsuf) ]vdkufcJhygOD; tudkBuD;&Sif? uRefr aus;Zl;rarhygbl;&Sif}
uRefawmf/ /]uRefawmfvdkufvdkU rdef;uav;rSm aus;Zl;&Sdr,fqdk&if onfvrf;ruygbl;? b,fvrf;rqdk uRefawmf
vdkufygw,fAsm}
ñGefU/ /]aus;Zl;BuD;vSygw,f tudkBuD;wkdU&Sif? uRefru ukyfukyfuav; aewwfavawmh todrdwfaqGqdkvdkUvJ
w,fBuD; r&SdvSbl;&Sifh? tdrfrSmvJ rdef;rom;awGcsnf;yJ? onfawmh tudkBuD;wdkU ESpfa,muf vdkuf&ifjzifh tifrwef
aus;Zl;BuD;ygyJ&Sif? uRefr 'gjzifh 7 em&DcGJ a&mufatmifvm&if awmfNyDrSwfw,f}
&S m;/ /]7 em&DcGJwdwd a&mufatmifvmayawmh? aemufrusapESifhaemf? 'gxuf usKyfwpfck ar;yg&apOD;?
onfpma&;wJh vufa&;ESifh ykvJrsm;udk ydkUpOftcg vdyfwyfNyD;ay;wJh vufa&;twlwlyJvm;}
ñGefU/ /]atmf [kwfayom;? uRefrrSm ygcJhw,f&Sif? txkyfrSm vdyfwyfNyD;ay;wJh vufa&;awG ygcJhygw,f&Sif} [k
ajymvsuf rdef;uav;vnf; pm&Gufi,frsm;udk xkwfí armifpH&Sm;tm; jyav\/
&S m;/ /(pm&Gufrsm;udk vSrf;,lvsuf) ]w,fawmfwJh oli,fryJ? w,fNyD; aphpyfygayw,fAsm? onfvdkvlrsdK;
trIvdkuf&rS usLyfu BudKufwmuvm;? udkif; udkif; MunfhMu&atmif} [k ajymvsuf vufa&;rsm;udk
EdIif;,SOfMunf½INyD;aemuf
]txkyfrSm vdyfwyfwJh vufa&;awGuawmh zsufNyD;a&;wJh vufa&;awGyJ? pm&Gufu vufa&;uawmhjzifh
trSeftwdkif;a&;wJh vufa&;yJ? odkUaomf vlwpfa,mufxJ a&;aMumif; xif&Sm;w,f? Munfhprf;AsdKU udkodef;armif?
cifAsm;vl b,fvdkyJ zsufNyD;a&;ayr,fh towfawG owfyHk wpfacsmif;iifqGJyHkuawmh rwlbl;vm;Asm? udkif; udkif;
wpfckxJ ar;yg&apOD;awmh rESif;ñGefU? rESif;ñGefUtaz vufa&;ESifh onfvufa&;awGESifh wlw,frsm; xifovm;Asm}
ñGefU/ /]rwlygbl;&Sif? eJeJuav;rS rwlygbl;}
&S m;/ /]usKyfvnf; onfvdkyJ xifwmyJ? udkif; udkif; 7em&DcGJxuf aemufrusapESifhaemf? ,ck oHk;em&D ausmfoGm;NyD?
tcsdefawmfawmf &Sdygao;&JU? onfpm&GufawG xm;ypfcJhygAsm? usLyf eJeJxyfNyD; Munfhcsifygao;w,f?
aemufrusapeJUaemf rESif;ñGefU}
ñGefU/ /]pdwfcsyg&Sif? rusap&ygbl;? udkif;? uRefrjyefacsygOD;r,f&Sif} [kajymvsuf csdKomvSpGmaom rsufESmjzifh
uRefawmfwdkU ESpfa,muftm; EIwfqufNyD;vQif tdrfay:rS qif;oGm;av\/ rdef;uav; qif;oGm;avvQif
uRefawmfvnf; tdrfa&SU jywif;aygufrS &yfvsuf oGm;&mvrf;udk rsufaphwpfqHk; arQmfMunfhum &SdaerdygaMumif;/
¤if;aemuf rdef;uav;onf vrf;auGUrS csdK;í oGm;ojzifh rjrif&onfhtcgrS uRefawmfonf jywif;aygufrSjyefvmí
]w,fcspfp&maumif;wJh oli,frav;Asm}
&S m;/ /(aq;wHaomufvsuf pOf;pm;ae&mrS) ][kwfuJhvm;? usKyfjzifh owdrxm;rdygblAsm}
uRefawmf/ /]cifAsm;rsufpdrsm;u b,fa&mufaeygvdrfhrvJAsm? rsufpdygvdkUrSvnf; jrifwwfwJhvl r[kwfbl;?
onfavmuf cspfcifzdkUaumif;wJh rdef;uav; b,frSm &SmvdkU awGUOD;rvJAsm
&S m;/ /(tenf;i,f jyKH;&,fvQuf) ]w,fqdkwJh pmygvm;Asm? usKyfwdkUrSmawmh udk,fhtrIonf acsmw,f vSw,f
t½kyfqkd;w,fqdkwm rMunfhtm;bl;As? trIudkom Munfh&w,f? trIonfudk MunfhrdrSjzifh trIudk qifjcif&mrSm
vrf;rSm;wwfw,fAs? [dkwavmu udk,fhuav; udk,fowfNyD; touftmrcHaiG xkwf,lvdkU trIjzpfwJh
a&TOa'gif;
rdef;r[mvnf; tifrwefacsmvSwJh rdef;rwpfa,mufayghAs? [dkwpfaeUu vltdk½HktwGuf aiGig;axmif xnfhvdkufwJh

rdef;rBuD;[mvnf; tifrwef t½kyfqdk;&SmwmuyJ? onfawmh}
uRefawmf/ /]odkUaomfvnf; onfrdef;uav;[muawmh olU½kyf olU&nfESifhvdkufatmif tusifhpm&dwåvnf;}
&S m;/ /]rajymwwfao;bl;? NyD;rS odr,f? 'gxuf udkodef;armif vlUvufa&;udk MunfhNyD; tusifhpm&dwåudk
cefUrSef;wJhenf; cifAsm; wwf&JUvm;? udkif; onfvlUvufa&;MunfhNyD; cifAsm; odoavmuf usKyfudk ajymjyprf;Asm}
uRefawmf/ /(vufa&;rsm;udk aocsmpGm Munfh½INyD;aemuf) ]vufa&;ujzifh NyDow,f? nDñGwfw,f? aoaooyfoyf
aewwfxdkifwwfwJhvlESifh wlw,f}
&S m;/ /(OD;acgif;udk ,rf;vsuf) ]a&;csyHkawG? wpfacsmif;iifyHkawG MunfhAs? yrsm;awmif armufcs rcscsifbl;? 0dkif;cs
cscsifw,f? awmfawmfysif;wJhvlyJ? wpfacsmif;iifawGvnf; Munfhvdkufprf;? ajcaxmufawmif rygbl;?
0vHk;qGJyHkawGuvnf; pdwfoabmw,fNyD; ckdifrmwJh vu©Pm r&Sdbl;? ,&pfqGJyHkawG towf owfyHkawGuawmh
udk,fhudk,fudk txiftjrif awmfawmfBuD;yHk&wJh vlESifh vu©Pm wlw,f? udkif; udkif; usKyfoGm;p&muav;
&Sdao;w,fAsdKU? cP oGm;vdkuftHk;r,f? a[m'D pmtkyf zwfprf;Asm? tifrwefaumif;w,f} [kajymvsuf pmwpftkyfudk
ay;NyD;vQif armifpH&Sm;vnf; xGufoGm;&m uRefawmfrSm jywif;aygufteD;wGif xkdifvsuf pmtkyfudk zwfygaomfvnf;
uRefawmf\ rsufESmESifh pmtkyf\ tMum;wGif oli,fr\ rsufESmonf uGufceJ uGufceJ ay:vmonf
jzpfaomaMumifh aemufqHk;ü pmtkyfudk ypfcsNyD;vQif oli,fr\ cspfcifzG,faumif;vSaom rsufESmuav;\
taMumif;udkomvQif pOf;pm;pdwful;um &Sdaerdav\/
nae ig;em&DausmftcsdefcefUwGif armifpH&Sm;vnf; 0rf;omtm;& &Sdaom rsufESmxm;ESifh jyefvmNyD;vQif
]onftrIu w,fBuD; r½IyfvSbl;AsdKU? onftrIrSm awG;zkdU&m enf;wpfenf;xJyJ &Sdw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]'gjzifh cifAsm; awG;rdNyDayghav}
&S m;/ /]taotcsmBuD;vnf; r[kwfvSao;bl;Asm? odkUaomfvnf; oJvGefp uav;awmh enf;enf;&NyD? &ayr,fh
vdkufzkdU awmfawmfvdkao;w,f? ta&;BuD;wJh tcsufwpfck odcJh&wmu oli,fr&JU taz OD;om[ef&JUrdwfaqG *sr'g
OD;xGef;ausmf[m 1919 ck Mo*kwfvrSm ao&SmNyDwJhAs}
uRefawmf/ /]onf[m bmta&;BuD;ovJAsm}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm; rawG;rdbl;? rjrifbl; [kwfuJhvm;? tHhMow,fAsm? udkif; 'gjzifh usKyf ajymovdk Munfhprf;? oli,fr&JU
taz OD;om[efrSm &efukefNrdKUü tjcm;rdwfaqG r&Sd/ *sr'gOD;xGef;ausmf wpfa,mufyJ &Sdw,f? oloGm;NyD; [dkwkef;u
rdef;uav;u ar;awmhvnf; OD;om[efa&mufvmaMumif; olrod&ao;ygbl;vdkU ajymw,f? ajymNyD; ajcmufvavmuf
tMumrSm OD;xGef;ausmf aow,f? aoNyD;vdkU av;ig;&uf twGif;rSmyJ rESif;ñGefUxH ykvJxkyf a&mufvmw,f?
a&mufwmrSvnf; wpfBudrfru vpOf vpOf wpfxkyfwpfxkyf a&mufvmw,f? a&mufvmNyD;wJhaemuf
,ckaemufqHk;pmrSmvnf; rdef;uav;rSm tepfemcHae&wJh taMumif;vnf; ygw,f? onfawmhcg rdef;uav;rSm
tepfemcH&wJh tcsufqdkwm b,ftcsufjzpfr,fvdkU awG;p&m&SdovJAs? cjrmrSm tazwpfa,muf qHk;&&SmwJh tcsufyJ
jzpfr,f r[kwfvm;? NyD;awmhvnf; ykvJawG[m OD;xGef;ausmf aoNyD;wJh aemuf av;ig;&uftwGif;rSmyJ
a&mufvmw,f? onf[m bmjzpfvdkU a&mufvmovJwJh? OD;xGef;ausmf&JU tarGcH tarGpm;rsm;u rdef;uav;rSm
tepfemcH&aMumif;odvdkU avsmfaMu;tjzpfESifh ydkUvdkufwJh ykvJawG jzpf&r,f r[kwfbl;vm;As? udkif;Asm onfvdk
rawG;&if b,fvdkrsm; cifAsm; awG;zdkU &Sdao;ovJ}
uRefawmf/ /]'gawmh [kwfygapawmhAsm? odkUayr,fh avsmfaMu;ay;yHku xl;qef;vSacsuvm;As? NyD;awmhvnf;
pma&;wmu [kdwkef;u ra&;bJ wpfESpfausmfvmwJhtcgrSm a&;&ovm;Asm? onfhjyifvnf; 'Drdef;uav;rSm
tazqHk;jcif;tm;jzifh epfemjcif; cH&&Smw,fqdk&if onfuJhodkU epfemjcif;rS vGwfuif;atmif ulnD&atmif[m ,ckwdkif

olUtaz touf&Sifvsuf &SdEdkifygOD;rvm;Asm}
&S m;/ /]udkif;av [kwfygw,f? odkUaomfvnf; onftcsufawGawmh onfuaeUn &Sif;vif;vdrfhrayghAs? udkif; udkif;
rdef;uav; ra&mufvmcif usKyfwdkU xrif;uav; wpfvkwfESpfvkwf pm;vdkufMuOD;pdkUAsm}
uRefawmfwdkUonf npmxrif;pm;aomufMuNyD;aemuf pum;tenf;i,f ajymqdkvsuf &SdMuojzifh 7 em&DausmfausmfrQ
&SdavvQif jrif;&xm;wpfpD;vnf; tdrfa&SUü &yfNyD;aemuf wpfcPrQMumvQif rESif;ñGefUvnf; tdrfay: odkU
wufvmav\/
&S m;/ /]udkif; tcsdefvnf; eD;NyD/ oGm;rS awmfr,f xifw,f? uJ udkodef;armif vkyfAsm? t0wfrsm; vJyg? wkwfcyfrmrm
,lcJhAsdKU? rodEdkifbl;? udk,fhudk,fudk uG,fumxm;&if aumif;w,f? aMomf 'gxuf rESif;ñGefUudk usKyf ar;p&muav;
enf;enf;&Sdao;w,f} [k ajymvsuf ar;cGef; tenf;i,far;jref;&m rESif;ñGefUu
][kwfygw,f&Sif? uRefrwdkU tazESifh OD;xGef;ausmfESifhu tifrwef uRrf;0ifMuwJh vu©Pm &Sdygw,f? ppfajrjyifu
a&;NyD; taza&;ay;wJh pmxJrSm OD;xGef;ausmf taMumif;rsm;vnf; cPcP ygw,f&Sifh? aMomf 'gxuf uRefrwdkU
taz om;a& aowåmtdwfykef;xJu pm&Gufwpf&Guf uRefr awGUcJhjyefNyD&Sifh? [dkwkef;uawmh onftdwfudk rjrifrdbl;?
onfuaeUrS aoaocsmcsm arTaESmufNyD; &Smaeavawmh onftdwfykef;udk awGUrdw,f? tdwfykef;xJ EIdufNyD; Munfhawmh
a[monf pm&GufBuD; wpf&Guf acgufNyD; xnfhxm;wm uRefr awGU&ygw,f? uRefrvnf; bmawGa&;xm;rSef;
em;rvnfygbl;/ tudkBuD;jzifh odrvm;vdkU uRefr ,lcJhygw,f} [k ajymvsuf rESif;ñGefUvnf; pm&GufacgufBuD;
wpfckudk armifpH&Sm;tm; ay;&m armifpH&Sm;vnf; pm&Gufudk jzefUí rSefbDvl;jzifh aocsmpGm Munfh½INyD;aemuf
]t[rf; puúLujzifh cyfMurf;Murf;yJ? ukvm;jynfu jzpfwJh puúLESifh wlw,f? usKyfwdkUqDu jzpfwJh rdkif;udkifpuúLESifh
cyfqifqif rwlbl;vm;AsdKU? udkodef;armif onfpuúL[m wpfcgwkef;u puúLcsyfjym;rSm uyfNyD; wG,ftyfESifh
wG,fxm;zl;vdkU wG,ftyf&mawGawmif axmifhav;axmifhrSm &Sdaeao;w,f? tif; bmawGvJAsdKU? a&;xm;wm? tvdk
tdrfyHkpHESifh wlyguvm;? tifrwefBuD;wJh tdrfBuD;AsdKU? tcef;BuD;awG tcef;uav;awG avScg;awG?
aqmiful;cef;rBuD;awG jynfhaewmygyJuvm;? onftem;u bmvJAsdKU? rifeDMuufajccwfuav; jyxm;yguvm;?
atmufem;uawmh cJwHESifh a&;xm;wmu bmvJ? ]vuf0Jbufudk av;vSrf;oGm;} wJh? onf[mu bmqdkvdkovJ?
a[matmufem;u Muufajccwfuav; vlemrnfawGAsdKU? armifrdk;oD;? rmrufqif? 0g[pfcef;? exyfqifwJh?
av;a,mufom; emrnfawGyguvm;? uJ uJ &SdapOD;? &SdapOD;? tckawmhjzifh b,fyHk oufqkdifw,fqdkwm usKyf
rajymEdkifao;bl;? odkUaomfvnf; onfajryHk[m ta&;BuD;wJh ajryHkESifhwlw,f? onf[m usKyf ,lxm;vdkufr,faemf/
rESif;ñGefU onftrIu usKyf xifoavmufrubl; xifw,fAsdKU? awmfawmf ½IyfvdrfhOD;r,f xifw,f? udkif; udkif; 7
em&Dvnf; cGJoGm;NyD? oGm;MurS awmfr,f}
uRefawmfwdkUvnf; armfawmfum;wpfpD;udk ac:í rESif;ñGefUudk tvnfrSxm;NyD;vQif xGufvmMu&m rESif;ñGefUrSm
cspfvSpGmaom zcif\ trItwGuf jzpfonfvnf; wpfaMumif;? tcsdefrJh ntcg jzpfonfvnf; wpfaMumif;/
rnfuJhokdUaom yk*¾KdvfrsdK;u rnfuJhodkUaom tBuHtpnfESifh ac:iifonfudk rod&Smao;onfvnf;
wpfaMumif;aMumifh wkefvIyfvsuf&Sdonfh trlt&mESifh vdkufygvmcJh&Smav\/
&Spfem&D xdk;csdefeD;ojzifh ]ypfcsm;yJavhpf} t&dyfjyyGJ½HkteD;odkU a&mufavvQif armifpH&Sm;vnf; armfawmfum;udk
&yfapNyD;aemuf
]udkif; ajcusifavQmufMurS awmfr,f xifw,fAsdKU? a[h oli,f onf ae&mu apmifhae&pfaemf? igwdkU
jyefrvm&ifvnf; eufjzef ightdrf rif;vmcJh? apmifhaewJh twGufyg ig ay;r,f} [k armfawmfum;armif;ol oli,ftm;
rSmxm;cJhNyD;aemuf uRefawmfwdkUonf rESif;ñGefUudk tvnfrSm xm;í t&dyfjy½Hk &Sd&modkU avQmufvmcJhav\/
a&TOa'gif;
½Hka&SUodkU a&mufavvQif arSmif&dyfrS vlwpfa,mufonf ½kwfw&uf xGufay:vmNyD;vQif uRefawmfwdkU &Sd&modkU

csOf;uyfvmNyD;aemuf oli,frtm;
]rESif;ñGefUqdkwm rSwfw,f? [kwfygovm; cifAsm}
ñGefU/ /][kwfygw,f&Sif}
xdkol/ /]onfu aemifawmfrsm;u rESif;ñGefU rdwfaqGrsm;vm;}
ñGefU/ /][kwfygw,f&Sif} [k ajymvQif xdkolvnf; uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wdkUtm; twefMumatmif pdkufí
MunfhNyD;aemuf
]onf;cHyg rESif;ñGefU cifAsm? uRefawmf wqdwfar;yg&ap? onfu rdwfaqGrsm;[mu ykvdyft&m&Sdrsm;
r[kwfbl;aemf}
ñGefU/ /]r[kwfygbl;&Sif? pdwfcsyg}
xdktcg xdkolvnf; yg;pyfudk vufjzifh uyfNyD;aemuf oHk;BudrfrQ avcRefvdkufonfwGif trdk;tumwdkUjzifh vHkNcHKpGm
tkyfrdk;um&Hvsuf &Sdaom armfawmfum; wpfpD;onf ½kwfw&uf qdkufa&mufvmNyD;vQif uRefawmfwdkU\ teD;ü
&yfav\/ ¤if;aemuf xdkolvnf; armfawmfum; armif;olESifhtwl a&SUrS xdkifvsuf uRefawmfwdkUtm; wuf&ef
vufjyonfwGif uRefawmfwdkU oHk;OD;vnf; armfawmfum; twGif;odkU 0ifa&mufMu&av\/ ¤if;aemuf
armfawmfum;vnf; vsifjrefpGm armif;ESifí oGm;&m uRefawmfwdkUrSm rnfonfh udpöESifh rnfonfh t&yfodkU
oGm;a&muf&onf rodbJ rsufpdrSdwfvsuf vdkufyg oGm;Mu&av\/
armfawmfum;vnf; xGufvmonfESifh wjyKdifeuf ajrmuft&yfodkU rsufESmrlvsuf xGufvmcJh&m Munfhjrifwkdifudk
ausmfvGefí BuHawmoif;csdKif;odkU vGefNyD;aemuf ukwfudkif;uefodkU a&SU½Iwl½l rsufESmrlvsuf vmcJhav\/ ,if;uJhodkU
tif;pdefodkU oGm;aom vrf;rBuD;twdkif; armif;ESifvmcJhí c&D;twefi,f aygufa&mufcJhavvQif armfawmfum;onf
½kwfw&uf t&SdefowfNyD;aemuf 0if;jcHBuDwpfck twGif;odkU 0ifí tvGefw&m aumif;rGefBuD;rm;aom bdktdrfBuD;
wpfaqmif\ a&SUü &yfwefUav\/ armfawmfum; &yfonfESifh wpfjyKdifeuf ukvm;vlrsdK; tapcH wpfa,mufvnf;
tdrfjyifodkU xGufvmí ocifu apmifhqdkif;vsuf &SdaMumif; ajymqdkNyD;vQif uRefawmfwdkUtm; ac:iifoGm;&m
uRefawmfwdkUvnf; ukvm;tapcHESifh tdrfwGif;odkU 0ifoGm;MuNyD;aemuf wpfckaom tcef;wGif;odkU qdkufa&muf
Muav\/
¤if;tcef;wGif;üum; tvGefw&m aumif;rGefvSaom bD½dkBuD;? aumfaZmBuD; cef;qD;BuD; tp&SdonfwdkUonf
awmufypGm xGef;vif;vsuf &Sdaom "mwfrD;a&mifwGif tvGefw&m om;em;pGm &Sdaeonfjzpf&m wpfckaom
yufvufukvm;xdkifü xkdifvsuf&Sdaom vlwpfa,mufvnf; uRefawmfwdkUtm; ]MuGMuyg cifAsm;? xdkifMuygcifAsm;}
ponfjzifh ae&mxdkifcif; ay;um {nfhcHav\/ xdkolrSm toufyif rBuD;vSao;aomfjim;vnf; OD;acgif;tvnfü
qHyifwdkUonf wpfyifrQ raygufbJ awmufygajymifvufpGm &Sdvsuf pum;ajymaomtcgüvnf; rsufESmudk ½IHrJhum
ajymqdkwwfavonf/ xdkolrSm EIwfcrf;wGJwGJ oGm;acgacgESifh &Sdaeonfjzpf&m &,farmonfhtcgü rdrd\ oGm;rsm;udk
vljrifrnfpdk;onfh vu©Pmjzifh vufwpfzufjzifh yg;pyfudk zHk;uG,fum &,farmavh &Sd\/
uRefawmfwdkUonf ukvm;xkdifwpfckpDwGif xdkifMuNyD;aemuf xdkolu
]rESif;ñGefUqdkwm rSwfw,f? Mum;zl;yg&JU cifAsm? vludkom ,ckrS jrifzl;&ygw,f? uRefawmfhemrnfuawmh
armifbdk;uJygwJh cifAsm? *sr'gOD;xGef;ausmf&JU om;ygyJ? om;csif; orD;csif; rawGU rjrifbl;Muaomfvnf;
tzcsif;uawmhjzifh tifrwefrS tuRrf;w0if&SdcJhMuzl;ygw,f rESif;ñGefUAsm? rESif;ñGefUvnf; odNyD;yJxifyg&JU}
ñGefU/ /]odygw,f&Sif}
uJ/ /}'gxuf onfu ESpfa,mufu rESif;ñGefU&JU rdwfaqGrsm;yJ rSwfw,f}
ñGefU/ /]rSefygw,f&Sif? onfu OD;pH&Sm;wJh? onf[mu OD;odef;armifwJh}

uJ/ /]uRefawmfay;vdkufwJh pmudk &&JUaemf}
ñGefU/ /]&vdkU rSmwJh twdkif; vma&mufjcif; jzpfygw,f&Sif}
uJ/ /]wjcm;udpö r[kwfbl;As? rESif;ñGefU taz OD;om[ef udpö¶aygh? OD;om[efawmhjzifh r&Sd&Smbl;? odkUaomfvnf;
rdef;uav; &oifh&cGifh &Sdoavmufudkawmh usKyftpfudk udkbdk;&GJu b,fvdkyif uefUuGufaomfvnf; usKyfu r&
&atmif vkyfay;ygr,fAsm? pdwfomcsyg? rdwfaqGrsm; ygvmMuwmvJ cyfaumif;aumif;ygyJAsm? uRefawmfajymorQudk
oufaotjzpfESifh em;axmifrSwfom;awmfrlMuyg? odkUaomfvnf; cifAsm;wdkU ykvdyfjzifh r[kwfMubl;aemf?
ykvdyfyg&ifjzifh bdk;&GJu ajymvdkU r&aybl;As? olu vlodrSm tifrwef pdk;w,f}
&S m;/ /]pdwfcsyg rdwfaqG? usKyfwdkUtwGufawmhudk? tifrwefpum;vHkwJh vlawGygAsm}
uJ/ /]aumif;ygavAsm? aumif;ygav&JU? onfvdk cifAs? a&S;OD;pGm rESif;ñGefUxH uRefawmf pma&;NyD; ydkUcJhpOftcgu
uRefawmfae&yfudk wpfcgwnf; xnfhNyD; a&ay;vdkufr,fvdkU BuHpnfrdyg&JU? odkUaomf ½Iyf½Iyf&Suf&SufvlrsdK;awG
ac:NyD;vmrSm uRefawmfu pdk;&drfvdkU ae&yfudk wpfcgwnf; rajymao;bJ auseyfatmif uRefawmfhvlu
MunhfNyD;wJhtcgrS ac:cJhzdkU pDrHwmudk;cifAs? wjcm;aMumifh r[kwfygbl;cifAsm? uRefawmfu qlqlnHnH ½Iyf½Iyf&Suf&Suf
BudKufwJhvl r[kwfbl; cifAs? ykvdyfawG ac:vmcJhrSjzifh tvum; qlqlnHnH jzpfukefMurSm uRefawmfu
pdk;&drfvdkUygcifAsm}
ñGefU/ /]aumif;vSygNyD&Sif? odkUaomf tcsdefu enf;enf; vifhvdkUrdkU udpöudk jrefjref wqdwfavmuf ajymjyyg&Sif?
awmif;yefyg&ap}
uJ/ /]pdwfcsyg ajymyghr,f? odkUaomf enf;enf;awmh tcsdefMumvdrfhr,fAs? onf;cHawmh? rESif;ñGefUrSmvnf;
tazmfawG ygom;uyJ? onfu udpöNyD;vQif tudkBuD; bdk;&GJqD oGm;Mu&OD;r,fAs? uRefawmfhtudku tifrwef
avmbBuD;wJh vlwpfa,mufyJ? reJppfwdkufMu&OD;r,f? pdwfxGufNyDqdkrSjzifh usKyftpfudku tifrwef
aMumufp&maumif;wJh vlcifAs? b,fvdkrsm; tajymtqdkMuyfwJh vlwpfa,mufrSef; rodbl;}
uRefawmf/ /]cifAsm; tpfudku b,ft&yfrSmvJ}
uJ/ /]NrdKUywfvrf;rSm cifAs}
uRefawmf/ /]udkif; 'gjzifh oGm;&rJh twlwl wpfcgwnf; oGm;MupdkU? vmAsm}
uJ/ /]onfvdkvnf; rjzpfbl;cifAs? cifAsm;wdkUudk jzKef;ueJ uRefawmfu ac: oGm;NyD;&if olu bmajymOD;r,f
uRefawmfvnf; rodwwfbl;? onfhjyifwpfcsufuvnf; onftjzpftysufawGudk uRefawmfvnf; tukeftpif
rodao;bl;? odavmufom uRefawmfodw,f? onfawmh uRefawmf odoavmufudk uRefawmfu ajymjyNyD;
b,fyHkb,fenf; pDrHMur,fqdkwm rdwfaqGwdkUu qHk;jzwfMuapcsifygw,f cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]udkif;Asm? ajymp&m&Sdwm jrefjref ajymprf;yg}
uJ/ /]ajymygr,f cifAsm? uRefawmfwdkU tazu vGefcJhwJh ppfBuD;twGif;rSm ppfrIxrf;&GufcJhygw,f cifAsm?
ppfjzpfonfhtcgu tazrSm toufyif BuD;aomfvnf; a&S;jrefrmrif;vufxufuwnf;u ppfrsdK;ppfEG,fjzpfavawmh
tpdk;&rif;rsm;u toufyifBuD;aomfvnf; trIxrf;cGifhjyKcJhygw,f cifAsm? 'gESifh uRefawmfwdkU taz vdkufNyD;oGm;/
ppfajrjyifrSm rusef;rrm&SdwmESifh ppfBuD;rNyD;cif ajcmufvavmufrSmyJ jyefvmcJh&ygw,f cifAsm? ppfxJrSm
trIxrf;&GufpOftcgu vcrsm; b,favmuf &w,f rajymwwfygbl;? jyefvmawmhjzifh aiGawmfawmfrsm;rsm;BuD;
ygvmwJh vu©Pm &Sdw,fcifAs/ jyefvdkU cPavmufMum&ifyJ NrdKUywfvrf;rSm tdrfBuD; wpfaqmif0,f? onfu
NcHudkvnf; 0,f? 0,fNyD; tifrwef crf;crf;em;em; aexdkifcJhygw,fcifAsm? uRefawmfwdkUvnf;
ppfrIxrf;&Gufw,fqdkwm wpf0rf;wpfcg;vSvS pm;EdkifaomufEkdif½Hkavmuf xifygw,f? tazrSmawmh aMu;aiGawG
a&TOa'gif;
ygvSacsuvm;vdkU tHhMordyg&JU? tHhMoaomfvnf; b,fenf;ESifh &&av? aumif;aumif;rGefrGef ae&xdkif&vdkU vSvSyy

oHk;pGJ&&if NyD;a&mvdkU bmrS ar;jcif; jref;jcif; rvkyfcJhbl; cifAs? uRefawmfwdkUrSm nDtpfudk ESpfa,muf&Sdygw,f cifAsm?
bkd;&GJwJh bdk;uJ wJh? t>rm arG;cifAs? 'gESifh uRefawmfwdkUtazh rdwfaqGOD;om[efwpfa,muf aysmufqHk;oGm;w,fvdkU
owif;pmawGxJrSm awGUawmh b,fenf;ESifh aysmufjcif;rvSaysmuf&avovJvdkU tazha&SUrSm uRefawmfwdkU
nDtpfudkESpfa,muf wdkifyifESD;aESmMuawmh tazuvnf; bmrS 0ifNyD; rajymbl; cifAs? ajymawmh ajymyg&JUav?
olvJyJ rodwJh [efESifh wpfcGef; ESpfcGef; 0ifNyD; ajymyg&JU? odkUaomfvnf; OD;om[ef aysmufqHk;wJh taMumif;[m
bmaMumifh aysmufqHk;rSef; uRefawmfwdkU taz od&SdaMumif;udk uRefawmfwdkUjzifh enf;enf;rS r&dyfrdbl;cifAs?
odkUaomfvnf; uRefawmfwdkU wpfckawmh &dyfrdw,f cifAs? bmvJqdkawmh uRefawmfwdkU taz[m ppfxJu
jyefvmNyD;wJhaemuf wpfpHkwpfckaom ab;Oyg'ftEå&m,fudk tpOfrjywf aMumuf&GHUaewJh vu©Pm &Sdw,f?
bm&,fvdkUawmh rqdkEkdifbl;? wpfpHkwpfckudkawmh ol trSefaMumufaewJh vu©PmyJ? bmaMumifh uRefawmfwdkU
odovJqdkawmh uRefawmfwdkUtaz[m t&ifwkef;u tifrwef owådaumif;aomfvnf; ppfxJu jyefvmNyD;wJhaemuf
wpfa,mufxJawmifrS vrf;ravQmuf0Hhbl; cifAs? NyD;awmhvJ qdk;ayhqdkwJh acG;BuD;rsm;udkvnf; 0,fNyD;arG;xm;w,f?
aoewfvdkifpifudkvJ r&&atmif avQmufawmif;NyD; cg;ydkufxJu b,ftcgrS rcsbl;? onf[mawG jrifawmh
uRefawmfwdkU nDtpfudk ESpfa,muf tusdK;taMumif;udk ar;? ar;ayrJh rajymbl; cifAs? NyD;awmhvJyJ uRefawmfwdkU
tazu opfom;ajcaxmufESifh vlrsm; jrif&if tifrwef vefUwwfw,f cifAs/ [dkwavmu vlwpfa,muf
rD;&xm;eif;rd&SmvdkU ajcaxmufrSm opfom;BuD;wyfNyD; awmif;pm;ae&&Smwm? taz jrifwmESifh bmrsm;
atmufarhw,f rajymwwfygbl;cifAsm? ajcmufvHk;jyL;ESifh oGm;ypfvdkufwm uHaumif;vdkU rrSefayvdkU? 'gawmif
uRefawmfwdkUrSm ykvdyfawG bmawG aiGawG xdk;vdkuf&wm awmfawmf ydkufqHukefoGm;ao;w,f? [dkwkef;uawmh
onfopfom;ajcaxmufudk bmaMumifh taz onfavmuf rkef;ygvdrfhrwkef;vdkU atmif;arhrdw,f? aemufusawmhrS
onft"dyÜg,f &dyfrdwmudk;cifAs? 'gESifh ajym&OD;r,f? onfu rESif;ñGefU&JU taz OD;om[ef aysmufqHk;aMumif;
uRefawmfwdkU od&NyD;wJhaemuf oHk;vavmuf tMumrSm wpfaeUoü xrif;pm;NyD; aeMuwkef; tazhemrnfESifh
pmwpfapmif &w,f cifAs? pm&vdkU zGifhNyD;vnf; zwfua&m tazvnf; rsufESmrsm; rnf;NyD; wkefwkef,if,ifESifh
tajcysuf oGm;vdkufwm uRefawmfwdkUu bmtaMumif;vJvdkU ar;vdkUvnf; r&bl; cifAs? onfuaeUupNyD;
uRefawmfwdkUtaz rusef;rrmjzpfvdkufwm toufodkUom wdkifyga&m cifAsm? onfpmvJ uRefawmfwdkU rjrif&ygbl;?
onfvdkESifh wjznf;jznf; wydefydef wañ§mfñ§mfESifhjzpfNyD; ESpfvavmuf tMumrSm tdyf&mxJ vkH;vHk;vJyga&m cifAsm?
'gESifh wpfaeUoüawmh uRefawmfwdkUtazrS tarmBuD;qdkufNyD; aor,fvdkUqJqJ jzpfaeavawmh uRefawmfwdkU
nDtpfudk ESpfa,mufvnf; tem;u rcGmbJ jyKpkaecJhMu? n &Spfem&DausmftcsdefavmufrSm wHcg;awG tydwf cdkif;NyD;
uRefawmfwdkU ESpfa,mufudk tem;ac:NyD; ajymyga&m cifAsm? uRefawmfwdkU nDtpfudkESpfa,mufvnf; ckwif wpfbuf
wpfcsufu 'l;axmufNyD; em;axmifaeMuw,f cifAs}
&S m;/ /]bmrsm; ajymovJAsm? ajymprf;yg}
uJ/ /]onfvdkcifAs? ighom;rsm;&,fwJh? tazhrSm ,ckpdwfrat;wJh tcsufwpfck &Sdw,fwJh? onftcsufu
bmvJqdkawmh OD;om[ef&JU orD; rESif;ñGefUuav;udk tazu rw&m;ojzifh epfematmif jyKusifhcJhrdw,fwJh? tazhrSm
ypönf;b@mawGrsm;pGm &SdwJhteufu rESif;ñGefUuav;u wpf0ufrQ &xdkufaomfvnf; tazu avmbxGufNyD;
wpfjym;wpfcsyfrS cGJa0NyD; rap;bJ aecJhrdw,fwJh? avmb? avmb w,fcufyguvm;wJh? ukd,fvnf; ukefatmif
roHk;Edkif/ olrsm;vnf; cGJa0NyD; ray;&uf? w,fcufyguvm;wJh ajymNyD; acgif;tHk;atmufu
uEkurmaowåmuav;wpfvHk; xkwf,ljyNyd; onftxJrSm ykvJaumif; ykvJjrwf 30 rQudk rESif;ñGefUxJ ay;ydkUzdkU
tazBuHcJhaomfvnf; ay;cgeD;us&if vufwkefwkefNyD; ray;&ufEkdifbl;wJh? onfawmh igr&SdwJh aemufudk rif;wdkUu
ay;ydkU&pfMuyguG,fwJh? NyD;awmhrSwpfcg tazu rESif;ñGefUESifh igwdkUESifh qufoG,fyHk taMumif;ajymjyOD;r,fwJh?
rESif;ñGefUtaz OD;om[efu ESvHk;a&m*gpGJaew,fwJh? pGJuyfayrJh onftaMumif; b,folrS rodbl;?
igwpfa,mufom odw,f? olvnf; cyfayghayghESifh aecJhwmayghav? 'gESifh ppfajrjyifrSm twlwuG
xrf;&GufaeMuwkef; igwdkU ESpfa,mufypönf; b@mrsm;pGmwdkUudk twlwuG &&SdMuw,f? b,fyHk b,fenf;ESifh

&w,fqdkwmudkawmh tazajymjyzdkU tcsdef r&Sdbl;? 'gESifh tazu t&ifjyefESifhvdkU ypönf;awG ,lNyD; vmESifhcJh? aemuf
ola&mufvmawmh olUtwGuf tpk olvmNyD; awmif;wmayghav? awmif;vmawmh igwdkUESpfa,muf
ta0rnDMubl;aygh? ta0rnDavawmh wpfa,mufwpfa,muf rdk;vm;uJvm;ESifh pum;rsm;NyD; aeMuwkef; jzKef;ceJqdk
oli,fcsif; armifom[efu a'gowBuD;ESifh xdkif&mu xvdkufyga&muG,f? xvdkufonfESifh wpfjyKdifeuf olU&ifbwf
olESdyfNyD; a&SUxdk;toGm;? igvnf; qD;NyD; qGJvdkufr,fvkyfwkef; rqGJrdbl;a[h? rsufESmESifh usoGm;&SmNyD; oHaowåmESifh
acgif;ESifh aqmifhoGm;NyD; Murf;ay:rSm yufvufBuD; pif;aeyga&ma[h? onfawmh tazu xlr,fvdkUvnf; vkyfyga&m
toufvnf; r&Sd&Smygbl;? ckeifu ajymwJh ESvHk;a&m*gESifhyJ ao&Smavovm;? aowåmESifh aqmifhrdvdkU
ao&Smavovm;? tazjzifh rajymwwfbl;uG,f? odkUaomf tazhvufcsufaMumifh ao&Smwmjzifh r[kwfygbl;uG,f?
tazvnf; aocgeD; ighom;rsm;udk vdrfNyD; rajymygbl;? 'gESifh tazvnf; b,fhES,f vkyf&r,frod? 'gESifh
thHtm;oifhNyD;aewkef; tdrfrSm cdkif;wJh tapcH ijym;u tcef;xJ 0ifNyD; vmwmudk;uGJ? vmvmjcif; olu wHcg;udk
ydwfwJhNyD q&ma&U bmrS rpdk;&drfESifh? uRefawmfwpfa,mufvHk; &Sdao;w,fwJh? q&m owfaMumif; b,folrS
rodap&bl;? uRefawmf EIwfvHkygw,f q&m&JUwJh? onfawmh onftavmif;udk tomuav; jr§KyfypfvdkufvQif
NyD;a&m r[kwfvm; q&m&,fwJh? ajymwmudk;uGJY/ onfawmh igu ig rowfaMumif; ajymawmh olu uRefawmf
odygw,f q&mwJh/ q&mwdkU vufOD; pum;rsm;a&m? rsm;NyD; q&mu ½dkufvdkufwJhtoH uRefawmfMum;ygw,f?
ruG,fygESifh q&m? uRefawmfhudk ,HkMunfhyg? EIwfvHkygw,f? udpör&Sdygbl;? wpftdrfvHk;vnf; tdyfukefMuygNyD?
tavmif;udk tomuav; vlrodatmif jr§KyfypfvdkufvQif NyD;a&m r[kwfbl;vm;wJh? ajymwmudk;uGJU? onfawmh
udk,fhtapcHuawmif udk,fowfw,f xifaeNyD; Opöm? ½Hk;usvQifvnf; ighpum;ukd ,HkMur,f r[kwfacsbl;?
r,HkrSjzifh ig cufacs&JUvdkU atmif;arhNyD; ijym; tBuHtwdkif; vdkufemNyD; tavmif;udk q&mwynfhESpfa,muf
nwGif;csif; 0if;xJrSm wl;NyD; jr§KyfvdkufMuwmudk;uGJU} [k armifbdk;uJvnf; zcif\ taMumif;rsm;udk
Mum;od&onfESifh rsuf&nfrqnfEdkifatmif &Sdae&Smav\/
¤if;aemuf armifbkd;uJvnf; qufvufí ]udkif; onfawmh onftrIrSm uRefawmfwdkU tjypf r[kwfaMumif;
xif&Sm;NyD r[kwfvm;cifAsm? 'gESifh tazu ajymwm qufNyD; uRefawmf ajymyg&apOD;?
]igwdkUvJ tavmif;udk wl;NyD; jr§Kyf? jr§KyfNyD;awmh avb xGufvmjyefwmudk;uGJU? onftavmif;udk zHk;zdEkdifvQif
ypönf;udkvnf; igrzHk;zdEdkifbl;vm;wJh? onfawmh onfypönf;awG qdkif&m tarGcH tarGpm;rsm;udk cGJa0NyD; ray;bJ
igcsnf; wpfa,mufwnf; ,l&vQif b,folu odEdkifOD;rSmvJwJh? aAGazmufvmjyefwmudk;uGJU? udkif; udkif; ajymae
pum;&Snfaea&mhr,f? ig touf&SifpOftcg avmbEdkifiHvdkufNyD; ay;oifhonfh ypönf;rsm;udk olUorD;uav;tm;
ray;bJ &SdcJhaomfvnf; igaoNyD;wJhaemuf rif;wdkUu repfem&atmif jyKpkapmifha&Smuf&pfMuyguG,f? ighom;rsm;
ypönf;rsm;teufu wpf0ufudk olUorD;xH ay;ydkUvdkufMuygbduG,f? uJ uJ ypönf;xm;wJhae&m taz ajymjyOD;r,f
em;axmif? rif;wdkUem; tazyg;pyfem; uyfMuprf;uG,f? ypönf;xm;wJh ae&muav;vdkU ajymum &Sdao;w,f?
jzKef;ueJqdk rsufvHk;BuD;awG jyL;NyD;vmwmudk; cifAs? vmNyD; vSJae&mu vufaxmufNyD; xrvdkUvkyf&m
jywif;aygufqDudk vufñdI;xdk;NyD; [dktaumif r0ifygapESifh? vkyfMuyguG,f½dkU? [dktaumif r0ifygapESifhvdkU
aMumuftm;vefUtm;ESifh [pfNyD; atmfwmudkcifAs? onfawmh uRefawmfwdkUvnf; jywif;ayguf&Sd&m jzKef;ceJ
Munfhvdkufawmh vm; vm; cifAsm? jywif;ayguf tjyifbufu vlwpfa,muf rSefjywif;ESifh rsufESmESifh uyfNyD;
uRefawmfwdkU&Sd&m Munfhaewm awGU&wmudk; cifAs? onfvlUrsufESmu EIwfcrf;arG; aumif;aumif;cifAs/
aumif;qdkcifAsm? *smrefbk&ifudkifZm EIwfcrf;arG;rsdK;ygyJcifAs? rsufvHk;uvnf; jyL;wJhtay:rSm tifrwef rkef;xm;wJh
pdwfESifh uRefawmfwdkUudk pdkufNyd; Munfhaewmudk; cifAs? onfvljrifawmh uRefawmfwkdU nDtpfudkESpfa,mufvnf;
jzKef;ceJqdk xNyD; ol&Sd&m jywif;aygufudk ajy;oGm;Mu? tem;vnf; a&mufua&m olvnf; r&Sdbl; cifAs? 'gESifh
uRefawmfwdkUvnf; tazckwifem; jyefvmMu? a&mufvn;f a&mufua&m tazvnf; touf r&Sdygbl; cifAsm? 'gESifh
onfnu tazh tavmif;jyifNyD; tdyfMuawmh reufusawmh uRefawmfwdkU tazhaowåmawG pm;yGJ tHqGJawG?
a&TOa'gif;
om;a&tdwfawG tukefvHk; arTxm;vdkufwm yGaewmyJ cifAs/ NyD;awmhvnf; tazhtavmif;rSm wG,ftyfESifh

pm&Gufuav; wpfckudk xdk;vdkU? pm&Gufudk Munfhawmh ]av;OD;om; vufcsuf} vdkU a&;xm;wmudk awGUw,f cifAs?
onfawmh uRefawmfwdkUvJ onf[mawG[m {uEå nu jrifvdkuf&wJh vl vufcsufyJ qdkwmawmh awG;rdyg&JU? olU
b,fqD&Sm &r,fvJ rawG;wwfbl; cifAs}
&S m;/ / ]bmypönf;rsm; aysmufao;ovJ}
uJ/ / ]uRefawmfwdkU odoavmufjzifh bmypönf;rS raysmufbl; cifAs? uRefawmfwdkU wpfckjzifh awG;rd&JU? nu
tazESifh uRefawmfwdkU jrifvdkufwJhvl[m taz wpfoufvHk; aMumufNyD; aewJhvlyJudk; qdkwmawmh awG;rd&JU cifAs?
odkUaomf bmaMumifh aMumufrSef;awmh uRefawmfwdkU rawG;rdbl;cifAs} [k ajymí armifbdk;uJvnf; aq;vdyfudk ñSdí
aomufNyD;aemuf uRefawmfwdkU\ tHhMoaom rsufESmrsm;udk Munfh½Ium oabmusonfh trlt&ESifh &SdaeNyD;aemuf
qufvufí ajymjyefonfrSm
]udkif; onfawmh tazvnf; aooGm;NyD? ypönf;awGvnf; b,ft&yf b,fae&mrSm 0Sufxm;cJhw,fqdkwm ajymvnf;
roGm;bl;? onfawmh onfypönf;[m{uEå0if;jcHtwGif; wpfae&m&mrSm jr§KyfNyD; xm;rSmyJvdkU oabm&wmESifh
tazhpsmye udpöNyD;NyD;jcif; wpf0if;vHk; wpfNcHvkH; wl;vdkuf qGvdkufMuwmqdkwm bmajymaumif;rvJ cifAs?
wpf0if;vHk; jywltHkusoGm;wmyJ? onfvdkESifh &SmvdkufMuwm oHk;av;vom &SdoGm;yga&m cifAsm? ypönf;qdkí
bmtpterS rawGU&bl; cifAsm? onfawmh uRefawmfwdkUrSm ajymcgeD;qJqJuav;rSmrS taz toufxGuf
oGm;&avjcif;vdkU tifrwef ,lusHK;r& jzpfNyD; rcsdrqefU jzpfaewmudk;cifAs? onf ypönf;awG[m b,favmuf
tzdk;wefr,f rwefr,fqdkwmawmh oljycJhwJh aowåmuav;wpfck Munfh½HkESifh odEdkifavmufwmudk; cifAs?
onfykvJawGtwGufvnf; uRefawmf tpfudkESifh uRefawmfESifh pum;rsm;Mu&ao;w,f cifAs? tpfudku tazvdkyJ
tifrwefavmbxGufwJh vlwpfa,mufyJ cifAs? aemufrS uRefawmf twefwef ajymEdkifvGef;vdkU rdef;uav;rSm
riwfrGwf rqif;&J&atmif ykvJawGudk wpfvHk;pD vDNyD; ydkUzdkU ol oabmwlwmudk; cifAs? &&JU r[kwfvm;Asm
rESif;ñGefU}
ñGefU/ /]&ygw,f&Sif? ykvJ q,fhESpfvHk; uRefr &ygw,f? onftwGufvJ aus;Zl;wifygw,f&Sif}
uJ/ /]aus;Zl;wifp&m r&Sdygbl; rESif;ñGefU? uRefawmfwdkUu Opömxdef;yg? rESif;ñGefUu Opöm&Sifyg?
uRefawmfwdkUrSmawmh onfypönf;rsm;teuf b,favmufxkwfNyD; taz oHk;pGJcJhrSef; rod? NcHajrtdrfajrvnf;
awmfawmfyJ usef&pf&Smygw,f cifAsm? onfu rESif;ñGefUrSmawmh wpfjym;wpfcsyfrS oHk;pGJ&&Smao;w,f r&Sd?
onf[mavmufuav; uRefawmfwdkU wifydkUvdkufwmrsm; aus;Zl;wifzdkU r&Sdygbl; cifAs? odkUayr,fh tpfudkBuD;uawmh
uRefawmfvdk oabmrxm;bl;As? w,fNyD; olrsm; OpömESifh olrsm; ay;&wmawmif ESajrmwJh vlyJ? 'gESifh
uRefawmfvnf; onftdrf ajymif;vmcJhyga&m cifAs? onfvdkESifh wpfa,mufwpftdrf aexdkifvdkufMuwm raeUuawmh
owif;xl; wpfck Mum;&yga&m cifAs? Mum;avawmh rESif;ñGefUxH uRefawmf taMumif;Mum;? tpfudkBuD;vnf;
tnDtrQ cGJa0,lMuzdkU ajymcJhNyD;yJ? odkUaomf vlpdwfu cPcP ajymif;vJwwfavawmh bmrsm; ajymjyefOD;r,f
rodao;bl; cifAs? uRefawmfwdkU onfuaeUn vmMur,fvdkUvnf; uRefawmf ajymcJhw,f? arQmfawmh arQmfaerSmyJ?
ta0nDMur,f rnDMur,fawmh uRefawmf rajymwwfbl;? ukdif; 'gygyJ cifAsm} [k ajymNyD;aemuf armifbdk;uJvnf;
uRefawmfwdkUtm; rsufESmuJcwfvsuf &SdavvQif uRefawmfwkdUrSmvnf; txufyg xl;qef;vSaom tjcif;t&mrsm;udk
Mum;&ojzifh awG;awmum &SdaeMu&mrS armifpH&Sm;vnf; xkdif&mrS xí
]awmfygayw,fAsm udkbdk;uJ? cifAsm; oabm ½dk;ajzmifhyHk csD;rGrf;rdygayw,f? udkif; udkif; cifAsm;vnf; cifAsm;
odoavmuf ajymNyD;ayNyD? cifAsm;? r&Sif;vif;wJh tcsufuav;rsm; usKyfwdkU ulNyD; &Sif;Edkifrvm; rodao;bl;? uJ
vmMuAsm? nOfhvnf; awmfawmf eufoGm;NyD? udpöNyD;atmif[m udkbdk;&GJtdrfudk oGm;vdkufMuOD;pdkU}
xdkaemuf armifbdk;uJvnf; t0wfrsm; vJvS,fí uRefawmfwdkU av;OD;om;onf ,cifu armfawmfum;ESifh

xGufvmcJhMujyefav&m vrf;c&D;wGif armifbdk;uJvnf; yg;pyfudk acwårQ ydwfí raebJ r&yfrpJ pum;ajymvsuf
&Sdav\/
]uRefawmfhtpfudku onfypönf;ukdk &SmwJhae&mrSm tifrwef ZGJaumif;wJh vlwpfa,mufyJcifAs? 0if;NcHxJrSm ESHUaeatmif
vdkufNyD;wl;vdkU rawGUawmh b,fES,fvkyfovJ odovm;? tdrfxJrSm [dkeH&Hacguf onfeH&Hazmuf [dkMurf;acguf
onfMurf;azmufESifh aemufqHk;usawmh tdrfay:rSm ypönf;ta[mif;awG bmawGxm;wJh tcef;tay:u
rsufESmMuufxJrSm oGm;NyD;awGUw,fqdkuyJ cifAs? rsufESmMuufrSm taygufuav; vlwpfa,muf 0ifom½Hk azmufNyD;
tHusatmif ydwfxm;wmqdkudk; cifAs? ypönf;awG[m uRefawmfhtpfudk rSef;csuft&awmhjzifh
ig;odef;avmufwefvdrfhr,fvdkU ajymw,f} [k ajymavvQif uRefawmfwdkUrSm tHhtm;oifhvsuf &SdaeMu&av\/
,if;uJhodkU ajymajymqdkqdkESifh vma&mufcJhMu&m wpfcPrQMumvQif armfawmfum;vnf; NrdKUywfvrf;&Sd
tdrfBuD;wpfaqmif twGif;odkU 0ifí qif0ifatmufü &yfwefUav\/ xdktcsdefüum; nOfh q,fem&DausmfcefU &SdNyD;
jzpfav&m uRefawmfwdkU qdkufa&mufNyD;aemuf armifbdk;uJu
]udkausmfvS? AsdKU udkausmfvS} [k ac:vdkufonfwGif touf av;q,fausmf t&G,fcefU vlwpfa,mufvnf;
vufqGJrSeftdrfudk qGJudkifvsuf xGufvmí armifbdk;uJudk jrifavvQif
]tvdk q&mvm; cifAsm? 0rf;omvdkufwm cifAsm? tcefUoifhvdkufwm? uRefawmfjzifh tMuyfusaevdkU
b,fhES,fvkyf&rnf rodjzpfaewkef; q&ma&mufvm tcefUoifhvdkufwm cifAsm} [k ajymNyD;vQif uRefawmfwdkUtm;
tdrfwGif;odkU ac:í tdrfatmuf{nfhcHcef;wGif ae&m xdkifcif;ay;av\/ ¤if;aemuf tapcHudkausmfvSvnf;
armifbdk;uJudk ac:í acwårQ pum;wD;wdk;ajymqdkNyD;vQif udkausmfvSvnf; armifbdk;uJudk tdrfay: odkU ac:
oGm;av\/
wpfcPrQ MumavvQif armifbdk;uJvnf; rsufvHk;jyL;jyL; rsufqHjyL;jyL; ESifh avScg;rS ajy;í qif;vmNyD;vQif
]vmMuygOD; cifAs/ MunfhvSnfhMuygOD; cifAsm? tpfudkBuD; bmjzpfrSef; rodygbl; cifAsm} [k ajymvsuf &SdpOf tapcH
udkausmfvSonf aemufrS vdkufvmí ]udkif; wqdwfuav; tdrfay:wufNyD; MunfhMuygOD; cifAsm} [k ajymojzifh
uRefawmfwdkU tm;vHk;onf tdrfay: odkUwufoGm;Muav\/ avScg;twufwGif udkausmfvSu
]uRefawmf q&mudkbdk;&GJu onfuaeU wpfaeUvHk; olUtdyfcef;xJu rxGufbl; cifAs/ uRefawmfvn;f rac:0hHwmESifh
rac:bl;? xrif;pm;csdefu uRefawmfoGm;NyD; tcef;wHcg;udk acgufaomfvnf; rxl;bl;cifAs? uRefawmfjzifh
pdwfav;vdkufwm cifAsm? b,fhES,f rsufESmxm;BuD;ESifh vkyfNyD; aerSef;rodygbl; cifAsm} [k ajym&if; qdk&if;
uRefawmfwdkUonf armifbdk;&GJ tdyfcef;0odkU qdkufa&mufMuav\/ xdkcPü armifbdk;uJvnf; aMumufwwfaom
olwpfa,muf jzpfonfESifh oGm;rsm; ckdufckdufwkefvsuf &Sdae&m armifpH&Sm;vnf;
]onftcef;yJ r[kwfvm;} [k ajymvsuf wHcg;ywåmMum;rS acsmif;í tcef;wGif;odkU wpfcPrQ MunfhNyD;aemuf
½kwfw&uf aemufodkU jyefqkwfí
]tvdkav; bk&m; bk&m;? b,fhES,f[mvJa[h} ajymvsuf pufqkyfaom rsufESmxm;ESifh &SdaeonfwGif uRefawmfvnf;
xdkenf;twl ywåmMum;rS iHkUíMunfhvdkufonfwGif tonf;ESvHk;wkefvIyfzG,ftjcif;t&mrsm;udk awGUjrif&av\/
¤if;tcef;ü wpfckaom jywif;aygufonf yGifhvsuf &Sdonfjzpfí va&mifonf tcef;wGif;odkU xdk;0ifvsuf&Sd&m
¤if;va&mifwGif vlwpfa,muf\ rsufESmonf uRefawmf&Sd&mbufodkU wnfhwnfh vSnfhvsuf atmufydkif;rSmrl
va&mifrxdk;ojzifh arSmifrnf;vsuf &Sdae&um; rsufESmonfomvQif wGJ&&GJqGJvsuf &Sdonfudk awGUjrif&av\/
¤if;rsufESmrSmvnf; xdyfajymifajymif &Sdojzifh armifbdk;uJ\ rsufESmESifh tvGefwlonfjzpf&m uRefawmfrSm
armifbdk;uJyif jzpfavoavm[k uRefawmf teD;ü &yfaeol armifbdk;uJudkyif prf;oyfí Munfhrdav\/ ¤if;\
rsufESmrSm tvGefw&m &TifjyvSonfht[efjzifh uRefawmfwdkU &Sd&mbufodkU vSnfhí jyKH;&,faebdouJhodkU &Sdonfudk
a&TOa'gif;
va&mifwGif jrif&onfhtcg ½IHUrJhí aeonfxufyifvQif aMumufrufzG,f aumif;vSay\/ xdkaMumufrufzG,f

tjcif;t&mudk awGUjrif&avvQif uRefawmfvnf; aMumuf&GHUwkefvIyfvSonfESifh
]aMumufp&m aumif;vSacsuvm; udkpH&Sm;Asm? b,fhES,f[mBuD;vJ? b,fhES,fvkyfNyD; tcef;xJ 0ifrvJAs? wHcg;vJ
twGif;bufu ydwfxm;w,f}
&S m;/ /]wHcg;udk ydwfxm;vQif twif; zGifh&rSmayghAs} [k ajymvsuf armifpH&Sm;vnf; udk,fESifh ypfvSJí
twif;wGef;ygaomfvnf; wHcg;rSm vIyf½HkrQom &Sdav\/ xdktcg uRefawmf armifbdk;uJESifhwuG tapcH
armifausmfvSwdkUvnf; 0ifa&muf ulnDMuNyD;vQif ]1-2-3} [k tcsufay;vsuf av;a,mufom;wdkUonf
wpfnDwpfnmwnf; ajy;0ifwdkufcdkufMuonfwGif wHcg;vnf; vuf&Suf jyKwfí twGif;bufodkU uscg
yGifhoGm;av\/
,if;uJhodkU wHcg;yGifhoGm;ojzifh uRefawmfwdkUvnf; tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifMuavvQif rESif;ñGefUuav;rSm aMumuf&Sm
vSonfjzpfaomaMumifh cdkufcdkufwkefvsuf &Sdae&m uRefawmfrSm ¤if;\ vufudk qkwfudkifvsuf tm;ay;pum;
ajymMum;&av\/ xdkodkU&SdpOf uRefawmfwdkUonf armifausmfvS udkifpGJvsuf &Sdaom vufqGJrD;tdrf\ tvif;a&mifjzifh
tcef;\ tajctaeudk Munfh½IMu&m wpfckaom axmifhüum; uwå&map; xnfhí xm;aom oHpnfwpfck
arSmufvsuf &Sdonfjzpfí uwå&map;wkdUonf Murf;ay:ü zdwfvsuf &Sdojzifh ¤if;\ teHUonf wpfcef;vHk;wGif
tESHUtjym; ysUHvGifhvsuf &Sdav\/ ¤if;tcef;wGif tjcm;aom axmifhwpfckü rsufESmMuufwGif vlwpfa,muf
0ifom½HkrQ&Sdaom taygufi,fwpfckvnf; &Sdav&m ¤if;taygufrS tkef;qHBudK;wpfBudK;onfvnf; wGJ&&JGusvsuf
&Sdav\/ ¤if;BudK;us&m teD;pm;yGJwpfckwGif uyfvsuf ukvm;xdkifwpfckvnf; &Sdav&m ¤if;ukvm;xdkifay:üum;
armifbdk;uJ\ tpfudk armifbdk;&GJonf ausmjzifh cyf,drf;,drf; rSDvsuf OD;acgif;onf wpfbufodkU iJhNyD;vQif
rsufESmrSm jyKH;&,fbdouJhodkU &Sdí xdkifvsuf aoaeaom tavmif;udkvnf; awGU&av\/ armifbdk;&GJ\ tavmif;rSm
xdktcgü awmifhvsuf &SdNyDjzpfí aoonfrSm twefMumNyD[lí cefUrSef;zG,f&Sdav&m pm;yGJay:üvnf;
pm&Gufi,fwpfckwGif ]av;OD;om;wdkU vufcsuf} [lí cJwHjzifh a&;xm;onfudk awGUojzifh armifpH&Sm;vnf;
]Munfhprf;AsdKU udkodef;armif? olwdkU vufcsufyJ}
uRefawmf/ /]b,folwdkUvJAs}
&S m;/ /]armifbdk;uJ ajymwkef;u cifAsm; em;raxmifbl;vm;}
uRefawmf/ /]aMomf [kwfNyDAsdKU? 'gxuf bmjyKvdkU aoovJAsm}
&S m;/ /]vlowfvdkU aowmayghAs/ aMomf Munfhprf;AsdKU udkodef;armif? usKyf xifwJh twdkif;yJ? onfrSm onfrSm?
em;aemufrSm Munfhprf;yg} [k ajymí jyojzifh uRefawmfvnf; jy&modkU Munfhvdkuf&m usm;&Smql;ESifh oP²mefwlaom
ql;i,fwpfacsmif;onf pdkufvsuf &Sdonfudk awGUjrif&av\/
uRefawmf/ /]ql;uav; r[kwfvm;Asm}
&S m;/ /][kwfygw,fAs? onfql;aMumifh aowmyJ? udkif; EIwfvdkufprf;? udkodef;armif owdxm;aemf? vufrpl;apESifh
tqdyfvl;xm;w,f}
uRefawmfvnf; ¤if;ql;i,fudk owdESifh EIwfvdkuf&m ql;rSm rsm;pGm tm;rpdkuf&bJvsuf ygvmNyD;vQif tom;wGif
aoG;pdkU½kHrQ t&mxifvsuf &Sd&pfav\/
xdktcg uRefawmfvnf; tHhMovSonfESifh
]b,fES,fhvJ udkpH&Sm;&,f? xl;qef;vSacsuvm;As? onftrIu Mumav½Iyfavukd;As? b,fhES,fvJ}
&S m;/ /]b,fu Mumav ½Iyfav&rSmvJAs? Mumav &Sif;avayghAs} [k ajymvsuf &SdpOf armifbdk;uJu ½kwfw&uf
]NyD;ygNyDAsm? ypönf;awG ygoGm;ukefNyD q&mwdkUa&? ypönf;awG ygoGm;NyD cifAs? rsufESmMuuf taygufjrif&JUvm;?

onftaygufu olwdkUcsNyD; ,loGm;wmyJ? [kwfygNyD [kwfygNyD? raeUnu uRefawmfESifh olESifh MunfhMuao;w,f}
&S m;/ /]b,ftcsdefavmufvJ}
uJ/ /]q,fem&Davmuf &SdygNyD cifAsm? NyD;ygNyD cifAsm? uRefawmfawmh rTwfygNyD cifAsm/ uRefawmfvnf; jyefaoGm;a&m
olvnf; taygufydwfNyD; twGif;rSm ae&pfw,fcifAs? uRefawmfrsm; ykvdyfawGu txifvGJukefawmhr,fxifyg&JU
cifAsm? wqdwfuav; cifAsm/ cifAsm;wdkU b,fhES,f xifMuovJ? wu,fvdkU uRefawmf owf&ifjzifh cifAsm;wdkUudk
uRefawmfac:NyD; vmyghrvm; pOf;pm;MunfhMuygOD; cifAsm} [k wkefwkef,if,if &Sdaom toHjzifh ajymavvQif
armifpH&Sm;vnf; armifbdk;uJ\ ykcHk;udk ukdifvsuf
]rpdk;&drfygESifh armifbdk;uJ? usKyfwdkU wwfEdkiforQ ulnDyghr,f? udkif; ukdif; 'gxuf usKyfwdkU 0wå&m;&SdwJh twdkif;
jyK&vdrfhr,f armifbdk;uJ? wqdwfavmuf armfawmfum;ESifh csufjcif;oGm;NyD; teD;qHk; XmerSm wdkifcsufay;ayawmh?
usKyfwdkU 'Duapmifhaer,f} [k ajymí apvTwfvdkufavvQif armifbdk;uJvnf; ysm,D;ysm&mESifh tdrfay:u
qif;oGm;av\/
armifbdk;uJ qif;oGm;avvQif uRefawmfwdkUonf q&mr rESif;ñGefUtm; ukvm;xkdifwpfckwGif xdkifapNyD;aemuf
armifpH&Sm;vnf; tcef;wGif;ü pBuøavsmufvsuf ajymonfrSm
]udkif; udkodef;armif? ykvdyfawG ra&mufcif usKyfwdkU em&D0ufavmufawmh tcsdef&Sdao;w,f? onftcsdefuav;udk
tcsnf;tESD; rjzKef;wD;MuESifhOD;? 'gxuf trIu tckMunfh&yHkawmh cyf&Sif;&Sif;yJAs? odkUaomf}
uRefawmf/ /(tHhMopGmESifh) ]cyf&Sif;&Sif;vm;Asm? bmrsm; &Sif;vdkUvJAsm}
&S m;/ /]&Sif;yHk usKyf ajymOD;r,f? xkdifyg xkdifyg cifAsm; rxprf;ygESifh? ajc&mawG ½Iyfukefygvdrfhr,f? udkif; onfvdkAs?
yxra&S;OD;pGm pOf;pm;zdkUu onfvlpk[m b,fvrf;u b,fvdk 0ifvmNyD; onftcef;wGif;u b,fyHk
xGufoGm;Muw,fqdkwm pOf;pm;zdkU &Sdw,f? wHcg;uawmhjzifh raeUnxJu ydwfxm;ao;w,fqdkwm od&NyD
r[kwfvm;? onfawmh jywif;aygufudk zGifhMunfhprf;? tem;rSm a&>yefvnf;r&Sdbl;/ trdk;uaeNyD; qif;vdkUvJ
rrDEdkifbl;? odkUaomfvnf; wpfpHkwpfa,muf[m onfjywif;aygufuae wufNyD; onftcef;xJ 0ifaMumif;awmh
xif&Sm;w,f? raeUnu rdk;uav; zGJzGJusw,f? NyD;awmh jywif;aygufaygifrSm Munfhprf;? vlajc&mwpfck awGUw,f?
a[m'DrSmawmh 0dkif;0kdif; t&mBuD;wpfck? a[m'DrSmvJ 0dkif;0dkif; t&mBuD;wpfck awGUjyefNyD? udkif; cifAsm; b,fhES,f
xifovJ? onf 0kdif;0kdif; t&mBuD;awG Munfhprf;}
uRefawmfonf ¤if;t0kdif;BuD;rsm;udk MunfhNyD;aemuf
]uRefawmfjzifh ajc&m&,fvdkU rxifygbl;Asm}
&S m;/ /]ajc&mxuf tzdk;wefawmh rayghAsm? onf[mBuD;awG[m opfom; ajcaxmuf&mAs? wpfzufajc&muawmh
ajc&mykyk Asufus,fus,f? wpfzufuawmh opfom;ajcaxmuf&myJ}
uRefawmf/ /]'gjzifh onfvl[m wpfzufu opfom;ajcaxmuf wyfNyD; xm;wJh vlayghav}
&S m;/ /]'gayghAs? odkUaomfvnf; olUtazmf &Sdao;w,f? tazmf[mu awmfawmfBuD;udk xl;wJh tazmfyJAs? udkif;
udkodef;armif atmufiHkU MunfhvSJUprf;? onfeH&Hudk wG,fNyD; onfjywif;ayguf a&mufatmif cifAsm; wufEdkifyghrvm;}
[k ar;ojzifh uRefawmfvnf; ¤if;eH&Hudk va&mifwGif Munfh&m tjrifhrSm 18 ayrQ &Sdonfhjyif wpfpHkwpfckaom
ae&mürQ ajcukwf&ef Munfhí rjrifEdkifaomaMumifh rwufEdkifaMumif;ESifh jyefajymavvQif
&S m;/ /]ulrJhvl r&SdvQif rwufEdkifbl; rSefw,f? odkUaomfvnf; onfuaeNyD; wpfa,mufu a[m[dk tkef;qHBudK;udk
csNyD;ay;r,fqdkvQif cifAsm; wG,fNyD; rwufEdkifaybl;vm;Asm}
a&TOa'gif;
uRefawmf/ /]wufEdkifp&m &Sdygw,fAsm}

&S m;/ /]tJ [kwfNyD? wpfa,mufu onftaygufu BudK;ESifh wG,fNyD; wuf? wufNyD;vdkU olwdkU udpöNyD;awmh onfuyJ
jyefNyD;qif;? usefwJh wpfa,mufu BudK;udk jyefNyD; wif? wifNyD; jywif;aygufudk twGif;uaeNyD; ydwf? ydwfNyD;
oluawmh a&S;OD;pGm vmwJh vrf;u ol jyefa&mAs? 'gxuf opfom;ajcaxmufESifhvlu onfBudK;ESifh jyefNyD;
tqif;rSm vufacsmfoGm;vdkU vufrSm ta&awG yJhNyD; BudK;rSm aoG;enf;enf; pGef;ae&pfwm usKyf awGU&w,f}
uRefawmf/ /]'guawmh [kwfygNyDwJhAsm? odkUaomf a&S;OD;pGm wufwJh wpfa,muf vluawmh b,fvrf;u wufvdkU
onftcef;xJ b,fES,fha&mufovJAs}
&S m;/ /][m 'g [kwfw,f? onfwpfa,muf[mu awmfawmf xl;qef;wJh yk*¾dKvfAs? ol xl;qef;wJhtwGuf tJonf
trI[m awmfawmfuav; xl;qef;aywmyJ? onfjynfrSm onfvlrsdK; usKyfwpfcgrS rawGUzl;bl;? odkUaomf
tdE´d,jynfrsm;rSmawmh onfvlrsdK; taMumif; usKyf zwf&zl;w,f}
uRefawmf/ /] zwfzl;wm rzwfbl;wm tyxm;NyD; b,fyHk b,fenf;ESifh onfvl onftcef;a&mufatmif
wufw,fqdkwm ajymjyprf;ygOD;Asm? wHcg;vnf; ydwfxm;w,f? jywif;aygufuvnf; wufvdkU ra&mufEdkifbl;?
'gjzifh b,fyHk wufvmovJAsm}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm;u usKyf cPcP ajymaewJh enf;udk toHk;jyKNyD; rMunfhbJudk;As? taMumif;wpfckudk qifjcifwJhtcgrSm
tu,fpifppf rjzpfEdkifwJh tcsufawGudk z,fxkwfvdkufvQif usefwJhtcsuf[m b,fvdkyif jzpfyHkray:aomfvnf;
jzpf&r,fvdkU wGuf,l&r,fAs? udkif; onfawmh onfvl[m jywif;aygufuvnf; rwufEdkifbl;? wHcg;uvnf;
ydwfxm;vdkU r0ifEdkifbl;? wHcg;rydwfcif tcef;xJrSm ykef;atmif;NyD;ae&rSmuvJ tcef;u usOf;usOf;? ykef;p&muvJ
r&SdvdkU rjzpfEdkifbl;? onfawmh ol b,fhES,f 0ifrvJAs? tcef;xJ a&mufatmif}
uRefawmf/ /]rsufESmMuufu taygufu ol 0ifr,f xifw,f}
&S m;/ /]xifraeESifhAs? tppfyJ? udkif; udkif; onftaygufu usKyfwufNyD; Munfhprf;r,f? wqdwfavmuf rD;jyprf;Asm/
udkodef;armif} [k ajymojzifh uRefawmfvnf; rD;tdrfudk ajr§mufí jyonfwGif armifpH&Sm;onf pm;yGJay:wGif
ukvm;xdkifwpfckudk wifNyD;aemuf ukvm;xkdifay: odkU wufí jzwfvwf ayghyg;aom olwpfa,mufjzpfonftwdkif;
ckefí qGJiifNyD;vQif bm;ay: odkU wufonfh tvm;uJhodkU taygufi,frS aumhvdrfí wufoGm;av\/ ¤if;aemuf
&S m;/ /]udkif; udkodef;armif? rD;tdrfay;vdkufAsm? cifAsm; wufEkdif&JU r[kwfvm;? prf;Munfhprf;? wufom wufygAsm?
usKyf qGJwifygr,f? aMomf 'gxuf rESif;ñGefU ae&pf0Hh&JUvm;? udkausmfvSvJ &Sdom;yJ}
ñGefU/ /(owåd&Sdaom oli,fr wpfa,mufjzpfonftwdkif;) ]ae&pf0Hh ygw,f&Sif} [k ajymojzifh uRefawmfvnf;
armifpH&Sm;\ enf;wl taygufi,frS wufí tay: odkU a&mufavvQif tcef;i,fozG,f&Sdaom
taqmuftOD;wGif;odkU a&mufav&m tvsm; 10 ay? teH 6 ay tjrifhrSm 5 aycefUrQ &Sdojzifh uRefawmfwdkUrSm
iHkUvsufomvQif aeEdkifMuav\/
armifpH&Sm;vnf; trdk;udk wD;acgufí MunfhonfESifh wHcg;i,fwpfckudk awGUí zGifhMunfhvdkuf&m ¤if;rSm trdk;ay: odkU
a&mufaom taygufjzpfaMumif; awGU&Sd&ojzifh
]jrifvm; udkodef;armif? wpfa,muf[mu onfvrf;u vmNyD; onfvrf;u jyefwJh olyJAs? udkif; udkif;
olUajc&mvuf&mrsm; bmrsm;usef&pfovJ MunfhMu&atmif Asm} [k ajymí armifpH&Sm;vnf; Murf;wGif rD;tdrfESifh
Munfh½I&m Murf;jyifrSmrl ESpfv rsm;pGmu pkyHkí aeaom jrLrIHwdkUjzifh zHk;tkyfvsuf &Sd&um; tuav;\ ajc&m
yrmPrQ &Sdaom ajc&mrsm;udk jrif&ojzifh uRefawmfrSm rsm;pGm tHhMopGmESifh ]b,fES,fhvJAsm udkpH&Sm;?
tuav;ajc&mawGyg uvm;As xl;qef;vSacsuvm;Asm}
&S m;/ /][kwfw,fAsdKU? usKyfawmifrS ½kwfw&ufawmh tHhMooGm;rdw,f? odkUaomfvnf; tckawmh usKyf &dyfrdygNyD?
a[m[dk[mu aowåmvm; bmvm; xm;wJh t&myJ? aowåmawmh ,loGm;NyD? t&mavmuf &Sd&pfawmhw,f? udkif;
udkif; qif;MupdkUAsm? 'gygyJ? onfhjyif Munfhp&m r&Sdygbl;}
tavmif;&Sd&m tcef;wGif;odkU a&mufjyefvQif uRefawmfu
]tuav; ajc&mawG awGUyHku cifAsm; b,fhES,f xifovJAsm? uRefawmfjzifh ajc&mMunfhNyD; rSef;&rSm
ajcmufESpfom;t&G,favmufyJ &Sdao;w,f xifw,f}
&S m;/ /]udkodef;armifuvJAsm cifAsm; usKyfenf;awG od&ufESifh onfenf;awGrsm; toHk;jyKNyD; pOf;pm;rSayghAs}
uRefawmf/ /]uRefawmfujzifh rpOf;pm;wwfatmif jzpfaeygNyDcifAsm}
&S m;/ /]udkif; udkif; rpOf;pm;wwfao;&if xyfNyD; MunfhMuOD;pdkU? onftcef;xJrSmawmh bmrsm; awGUOD;rvJ?
aoaocsmcsm Munfh&OD;r,f} [k ajymNyD;vQif armifpH&Sm;onf rSefbDvl;wpfckudk tdwfrS xkwfí rdrd
jyKjrJjzpfonfhtwdkif; Murf;ay:ü 0yfxGm;um t&m0wåKwdkUudk aocsmpGm Munfh½Ivsuf vnf;aumif;? wdkif;xGmvsuf
vnf;aumif; twefMumatmif &SdaeNyD;aemuf
]usKyfwdkU w,fNyD; uHaumif;w,fAsdKU? onfrrIrSm 'ku©rsm;rsm; pdkufzdkU r&Sdbl;? yxr wufwJhvl[m a[m'DrSm
zdwfaewJh uwå&map;xJrSm olUajcaxmuf csoGm;w,fAs}
uRefawmf/ /]csoGm;awmh bmjzpfovJAs}
&S m;/ /]csoGm;awmh olUudk usKyfwdkU rdwmayghAs? onfvdk uwå&map;eHUrsdK;rsm;&wJhaemuf r[myx0DajrBuD;
tqHk;wdkifatmif ajy;aomfvnf; rvGwfEdkifatmif teHUcHNyD; vdkufEdkifwJh acG;wpfaumif usKyf odw,fAs? a[m 'gxuf
ykvdyft&m&SdawG ajcoH rSwfw,f? udkif; udkif; olwdkU rvmcif onftavmif; cifAsm; prf;Munfhprf;} [k ajymojzifh
uRefawmfonf prf;oyfí Munfh&m
&S m;/ /]b,fhES,faeovJ}
uRefawmf/ /]awmifhaewmayghAs}
&S m;/ /]onfhjyif vlaorsm; cifAsm; udkifzl;vm;}
uRefawmf/ /]udkifzl;ygw,f}
&S m;/ /]awmifhyHkcsif; b,fhES,faeovJ}
uRefawmf/ /(aocsmpGm prf;oyfNyD;aemuf) ]onfhvdkyif vlaorsm;uawmh awmihf½HkyJawmihfw,f? onf[muawmh
taMumawGudk rmNyD; wif;aew,f}
&S m;/ /]tppfyJAs? udkif; onfu taMumawG wif;wHk;&,f? rsufESmxm;u aocgeD; NzD;jyyHk&,f aygif;NyD;
Munfhvdkufawmh b,fyHk awG;csuf&ovJ}
uRefawmf/ /]jyif;xefwJh qdyfvl;jrm;rsm;ESifh xdrSefNyD;aowJh vlrsm;vnf; onfvdkyJ aew,fvdkU Mum;zl;w,fAsm?
awGUawmh rawGUbl;aybl;}
&S m;/ /]tppfyJAs onfwdkif;yJ? 'gaMumifh tcef;xJ 0ifvmvmjcif; b,fenf;ESifh onftqdyfudk
oGif;vdkufygvdrfhrvJvdkU 'Pf&mudk vdkufNyD;&Smw,f r[kwfvm; &Smawmh bmawGUovJ/ em;aemufrSm
ql;av;awGUw,f? ql;rSefwJh 'Pf&muvJ onfvl xdkifaeyHkESifh Munfhvdkufawmh rsufESmMuufrS azmufxm;wJh
taygufqDuaeNyD; ypfvdkufwJh 'Pf&mESifhyJ wlw,f? udkif; udkif; ql;udk Munfhprf;AsdKU}
uRefawmf/ /(ql;udk aocsmpGm MunfhNyD;aemuf) ]awmfawmf qef;wJh ql;yJAsdKU}
a&TOa'gif;
&S m;/ /]onfql;rsdK; cifAsm; jrifzl;&JUvm;}

uRefawmf/ /]rjrifzl;bl;}
&S m;/ /]b,fjrifbl;rvJAs? usKyfwdkUqDrSm onfql;rsdK; &SdrS r&SdbJ? a[m ykvdyft&m&Sdrsm; a&mufvmMuNyD}
xdkcPü tpdk;&ykvdyf tifpydwfawmf wpfa,mufESifh ykvdyfom;wdkUonf tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifvmMu&m
¤if;tifpydwfawmfrSm &efukefodkU ajymif;a&TUvmonfrSm rMumao;onfvnf; wpfaMumif;? ¤if;a&mufvmonftwGif;
armifpH&Sm;rSm trIwpfckrQ pHkaxmuf&ao;onf r&Sdonfvnf; wpfaMumif;aMumifh xdkolonf armifpH&Sm;\ tpGrf;udk
Mum;zl;½HkrQ &Sdaomfvnf; rsm;pGm ,HkMunftm;xm;onfh vu©Pm r&Sdacs/
tifpydwfawmfvnf; tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifvmí awmifajrmuf av;yg;wdkUudk Munfh½INyD;aemuf [efBuD;yefBuD;&Sdonfh
trlt&mESifh uRefawmfwdkUtm; Munfh½Ií
]tif; tif; w,faumif; w,fvS? vufonf ray:bl;[kwfp? 'gxuf onf[mawGu b,folawGvJAs? ajc&mawG
bmawGESifh b,fhES,faMumifh 0ifNyD; ½IyfESifhMuwmwkef;}
&S m;/ /]tifpydwfawmfrif;? uRefawmfhukd rjrifbl;ao;rSwfw,f? uRefawmf armifpH&Sm;ygyJAsm}
tifpyd wfawmf/ /]aMomf [kwfyg&JUvm;? 0rf;omygw,f cifAsm oduRrf;&wm? Mum;awmh Mum;zl;yg&JU? vlcsif;awmh
onfwpfcgrS awGU&w,f? uRefawmfemrnf armiftkef;ckdifygwJhAsm? tif; tif; w,faumif;? w,fvSwJh trIuav;
ygyJ? vufonf ray:bl;ayghav? [kwfp? 'gxuf bmaMumifh aow,f cifAsm; xifovJAsm? cifAsm;taMumif;
Mum;zl;yg&JU? onfwpfcg odMua&myav}
&S m;/ /]uRefawmf ajymzdkU vdkygzl;Asm? cifAsm;vnf; odEdkifygw,f MunfhygOD;awmh}
ck dif/ /]aMomf onftrIawmh cifAsm; ÓPfrrSDEdkifbl; rSwfw,f? cifAsm; pHkaxmufyHkawG uRefawmfvnf; Mum;awmh
Mum;zl;yg&JU? odkUaomf cifAsm; pOf;pm;yHkawGu ÓPfaumif;vdkU onfavmuf r[kwfbl; uHaumif;vdkU ay:wmawG
xifw,fAs? usKyfwdkU pum;yHk &Sdw,f r[kwfvm;/ Muufuef;qeftdk;awGUqdkwmrsdK; vdkayghAs} [k ajymvQif
armifpH&Sm;vn; uRefawmftm; Munfhum rodrom jyKH;&,fvsuf rnfodkUrQ rajymbJ &Sdaeav\/
tifpydwfawmf OD;tkef;cdkifvnf; wkyfcdkifcefUjim;ojzifh ykvdyfom;yDyD &Sdaom udk,fBuD;jzifh &ifaumhum acwårQ
pBuøavQmufNyD;aemuf ]tbdk;aiG ig;odef;avmufwefwJh ausmufoHywåjrm;rsm;vnf; aysmufqHk;w,f? wHcg;vnf;
twGif;bufu ydwfxm;w,f? jywif;aygufuaumAsm}
&S m;/ /]jywif;aygufvnf; twGif;u ydwfxm;w,f? odkUayr,fh jywif;aygufabmifay:rSm ajc&mawG awGUw,fAs}
ck dif/ /]jywif;aygufudk twGif;u ydwfxm;wmawGU&ifjzifh abmifay:rSm ajc&mawGUayr,fh bmqdkifovJAs?
onfvlaowmu avemNyD; aocsif aor,f? wufNyD; aocsif aor,f? odkUaomf ausmufoHywåjrm;awG
aysmufaew,fqdk wmu cufaew,f? aMomf usKyf tBuH&NyDAsdKU? udkif; ukdif; bdk;rSDwdkU tcef;jyif xGufMuprf;? udkif;
udkpH&Sm; usKyfu onfvdk xifw,fAs? olUnDarmifbdk;uJu olajymcsuft& raeUnu onftcef;xJrSm olUtpfudkESifh
ESpfa,mufwnf; &SdMuw,fqdk r[kwfvm;? onfawmh tpfudkarmifbdk;&GJu avema&m*gESifh aow,f? aoawmh
armifbdk;uJu ypönf;awG ,lNyD; xGufoGm;w,f? udkif; usKyfawG;yHk b,fES,fvJAsm? w,fr½dkif;bl; r[kwfvm;}
&S m;/ /][kwfyHkay:yg&JU? onfawmh armifbdk;uJvnf; xGufoGm;a&m? vlaouvnf; xkdif&mu xNyD; tcef;wHcg;udk
twGif;u aeNyD; uefUvefUcsvdkufua&m onfvdkvm;Asm}
cd kif/ /][m [kwfayw,f? onftcsufu &Sdayao;w,f? ukdif; 'gjzifh onfvdkaumAsm/ bdk;uJ[m bdk;&GJ nDtpfudk
awmfw,f? olwdkUESpfa,muf[m rMumrDu pum;rsm;Muzl;w,f? onf[m usKyfwdkU od&w,f r[kwfvm;?
onfhjyifvJ tpfudk bdk;&GJ[m ao&Smw,f? ypönf;awGvnf; aysmufoGm;w,f? 'gvnf; usKyfwdkU od&w,f? raeUnu
bdk;uJjyefoGm;NyD;wJhaemuf bdk;&GJ[m b,folESifhrSvJ rawGU&bl;? olUtdyf&mrSmvnf; tdyfwJh vu©Pm r&Sdbl;? bdk;&GJ

aoyHk rsufESmxm; Munfh&wmuvJ tif; w,fNyD; r[efvSbl;? Munfhaemf usKyf bdk;uJtay: owåKusatmif
vkyfvdkufr,f em;axmifMuAs}
&S m;/ /]aeygOD; rdwfaqG? 'gxuf cifAsm;u tusdK;taMumif; pHkvifatmif rodao;bl;As? a[m'D ql;uav;[m
vlao em;&Gufaemufu awGUw,fAs? tqdyfvl;xm;wJh vu©Pmvnf; &Sdw,f? tavmif;rSm a[m'D pm&Gufvnf;
awGUw,f? udkif; onfawmh cifAsm; awG;yHkESifh udkufygrvm;Asm}
ck dif/ /]udkufygaomfaum rdwfaqG? bmjyKvdkU rudkuf&rSmvJ? onfu tqdyfvl;xm;wJh ql;[m bdk;uJ&JU ql;r[kwf&if
b,folUql; jzpfEkdifOD;rSmvJAs? onfpm&Gufu bmvJ? av;OD;om;vufcsufwJh? onf[mu tvum; bdk;uJu
xifa,mifxifrSm; jzpfatmif ÓPfqifwJh tvHk;awGygAsm? ykvdyfvkyfaeNyD; onfavmufrS ryg;&if cufaea&maygh?
odkUaomfvnf; bdk;uJ[m olUtpfudkudk olowfNyD; b,fvrf;u xGufoGm;ovJwJh? onf[m wpfckyJ ta&;BuD;w,f?
aMomf rsufESmMuufrSm taygufBuD;yguvm;AsdKU}
¤if;aemuf tifpydwfawmf OD;tkef;ckdifvnf; ol\ udk,fum,ESifh rvdkufatmif jzwfvwfayghyg;jcif; &Sdaom
trlt&mESifh pm;yGJay:rS wufí rsufESmMuuftaygufrS wufoGm;NyD;vQif tay:rS aeí
]atmifr,f onfuaeNyD; trdk;ay:wufwJh tayguf &Sdyguvm;AsdKU? cifAsm;wdkU awGUMu&JUvm;? [kwfNyD? [kwfNyD?
usKyfxifwJh twdkif;ygyJ} [k ajymí atmufodkU wpfzef qif;vmNyD;aemuf
]a[h bdk;rSDwdkU}
]tcef;jyifrSm bk&m;}
ck dif/ /]udkif; armifbdk;uJudk ac:cJhMua[h? udkif; armifbdk;uJ armifrif;udk uREfkyf armifbdk;&GJ owfrIESifh ,ck
zrf;qD;&vdrfhr,f}
uJ/ /]udkif; uRefawmf rajymbl;vm; cifAsm? 'gaMumifh uRefawmf rajymbl;vm; cifAsm? uRefawmfhudk
xifygvdrfhr,fvdkU uRefawmf txifom;uyJ cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]udpör&Sdygbl; armifbdk;uJ? raMumufygESifh? onftrIudk usKyf wwftm;orQ ulnDNyD; &Sif;vif;atmif
vkyfay;ygr,f? pdwfomcsaeyg? rpdk;&drfygESifh}
cd kif/ /]w,fNyD;vnf; tmrcH r&JESifhAsaemf? awmfawmfMumawmh udk,hfpum;ESifh ukd,hfywfqdkwmvdk jzpfaer,f?
r&JbJESifh uRJrpD;ESifhAs? udkpH&Sm;}
&S m;/ /]pdwfcsyg udktkef;cdkif? ukdif; cifAsm; odcsif&if onftcef;wGif;udk raeUuvmwJh vlESpfa,mufteuf
wpfa,muftaMumif;udk trnfemrESifh wuG usKyfajymjyvdkufr,f? olUemrnfuawmh armifrdk;oD;ygwJhAsm?
onfvl[m pmaumif;aumif;rwwfbl;? jzwfjzwfvwfvwf? vufsmbuf ajcaxmufu opfom;ajcaxmuf
wyfxm;w,fAs? toufuawmhjzifh vlvwfxJuyJ? tom; cyfñdkñdk? axmifrsm;vnf; uszl;w,f?
onftcsufawG&,f? olUvufz0g;rSm tom;enf;enf; pkwfNyD;aew,fqdkwJh tcsuf&,f? pkaygif;NyD; xnfhvQif
onfvludk cifAsm; &SmzdkU rcufvSbl; rSwfw,f? onfhjyif wpfa,muf[muawmh...}
cd kif/ /(ajymifavSmifvdkaom rsufESmxm;ESifh) ]udkif; qdkygOD;wJhAsm? onfhjyif wpfa,mufvnf; ygao;owJhudk;?
qdkygOD;Asm}
armifpH&Sm;vnf; udktkef;ckdif\ Mum;jzwfí ajymaom pum;udk trIrxm;aom rsufESmxm;ESifh qufvufí
a&TOa'gif;
]onfhjyifwpfa,mufvl[muawmh awmfawmfxl;qef;wJhvlwpfa,mufyJ? odkUaomf rMumrDtwGif; olwdkU ESpfa,muf

vHk;ESifhawGU&atmif usKyf pDrHEdkifp&m&Sdyg&JUav? udkif; 'gxuf udkodef;armif/ cifAsm;ESifh pum;uav; wpfcGef;
ajymyg&apAsm} [k uRefawmftm;ajymojzifh uRefawmfvnf; armifpH&Sm;ESihf twltcef;jyifodkU vdkufoGm; avvQif
&S m;/ /]udkif; udkodef;armif? cifAsm;vnf; onfudpörSm wpfae&mu aqmif&Guf &vdrfhr,fAsdKU}
uRefawmf/ /]rESif;ñGefU\ trIjzpfojzifh wpfae&m ruygbl;Asm? q,fae&mu aqmif&Gufqdk&if aqmif&Gufygr,f}
&S m;/ /]udkif; 'gjzifh onfvdkvkyfayawmh? onftrIudk usKyfwdkU ylylaEG;aEG; udpNö yD;atmif aqmif&GufMurS awmfr,f?
&ufa&TUae&if ae&mrusbl;? rESif;ñGefUudk ac:NyD; olUtdrfa&mufatmifvdkufydkU? ydkUNyD; Munfhjrifwdkif abmf*gwef;
OD;BuD;qdkwJh tbdk;BuD;tdrfudk oGm;? oGm;NyD; acG;wpfaumif,lcJh? ol ay;vdkufvdrfhr,f? usKyfvnf; pma&;ay;vdkufr,f?
usKyfwdkUu usKyfwdkUbmom udk,fhenf;ESifh udk,fvkyf? onfu udktkef;cdkifwdkUuvnf; olwdkUenf;ESifh olwdkU
vkyfMuvdrfhr,f? aMomf aeOD;? onfu udkbdk;uJ armfawmfum; ,loGm;ayawmh? rMumapESifhaemf? tckem&Djyef
wpfcsufawmifausmfoGm;NyD/ rvif;cif pNyD; vdkuf&&if aumif;w,f}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfvnf; armifpH&Sm;ay;aom pmudk ,lí rESif;ñGefUESifhtwl ¤if;\tdrfodkU armfawmfum;ESifh vdkufí
ydkUNyD;vQif MunfhjrifwdkifodkU oGm;a&mufí rSmxm;onfhtwdkif; acG;udk ,lcJhNyD;vQif em&Djyef ESpfcsufausmfausmfcefUwGif
armifpH&Sm;xH jyefa&mufav\/
0if;wGif;odkU jyefa&mufvQif armifpH&Sm;vnf; avScg;ay:rS qif;vmí
]acG;ygovm;AsdKU? aMomf ae&musNyDAsdKU? 'gxuf udktkef;ckdifjzifh jyefoGm;NyDAsdKU? armifbdk;uJwif rubl;? onftdrfu
tdrfapudk udkausmfvSa&m? xrif;csufwJh rdef;rBuD;a&m tukef zrf;oGm;av&JUAsdKU? wpftdrfvHk;udk &Sif;oGmNyD?
olxm;cJhwJh ykvdyf wpfa,mufyJ &Sd&pfayawmhw,f? udkif; vmygOD;As? tdrfay:udk}
uRefawmfwdkUvnf; acG;udk tdrfatmufwGif csnfaESmifxm;cJhí ,cifu tcef;wGif;odkU a&mufMuavvQif
tavmif;rSmrl t0wfwpfckjzifh zHk;tkyfvsuf&Sd&m ykvdyfwpfa,mufvnf; tcef;0ü pBuøavQmufum &Sdaeav\/
armifpH&Sm;vnf; ykvdyfom;xHrS usm;rsufvHk;rD;tdrfudk iSm;,lNyD;aemuf
]udkif; udkodef;armif onfum;csyfudk vnfyif; wqdwf qGJay;prf;ygAs? tJ [kwfNyD? udkif; usKyf zdeyfESifh ajctdwfvJ
cRwf&OD;r,f? cifAsm; vufudkifyk0g ygovm;? tJ a[m[dku uwå&map;rSm ESpfprf;Asm? [kwfNyD? udkif;
rsufESmMuufay: cifAsm;? cPavmuf vdkufcJhygOD;Asm}
uRefawmfvnf; armifpH&Sm;ESifhtwl rsufESmMuufay: odkU wufoGm;MuNyD;aemuf jrLrIHrsm;wGif xifvsuf&Sdaom
ajc&mrsm;udk Munfh½INyD;vQif
&S m;/ /]onfajc&muav;awGudk aoaocsmcsm cifAsm; xyfNyD; Munfhprf;ygOD;Asm? bmrsm; xl;jcm;wm awGUovJ}
uRefawmf/ /]uRefawmfjzifh xl;jcm;wm rawGUvSygbl;Asm? uav; ajc&mvm;? odkUr[kwf tifrwef ajcao;wJh
rdef;rajc&mvm; rSwfwmygyJAsm}
&S m;/ /]aMomf cifAsm;u i,fvdkU ajymwmudk/ udkif;Asm? ao;i,fwJhtjyif bmrsm; xl;jcm;ao;ovJAsm}
uRefawmf/ /]uRefawmfjzifh t&G,fi,fwJh tjyifawmh xl;jcm;yHk rawGUygbl;Asm}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm;u rMunfhwwfyJwmudk;As? onfrSm Munfhprf;As? onf[mu vufsmbuf ajc&m r[kwfvm;?
a[mMunfh usKyfu onfbufu ajc&m wpfck csvdkufr,f? udkif; usKyfajc&mESifh olUajc&mESifh EdIif;,SOfMunfhprf;?
bmrsm; xl;jcm;ovJ}
uRefawmf/ /]cifAsm; ajc&muawmh ajcacsmif;uav;awG[m pkNyD; aew,f? olUajc&muawmh ajcacsmif;wpfckESifh
wpfck tifrwef a0;NyD; uGJuGJjym;jym; &Sdw,f}
&S m;/ /]tJ [kwfw,fAs? onftcsufyJ ta&;BuD;wm? onftcsuf cifAsm; rSwfxm;aemf? rarhapESifh? udkif; a[m[dku
trdk;ay:wufwJh taygufu abmifpGef;udk erf;Munfhprf;? ay; ay; cifAsm; vufudkify0g usKyfudk ay;xm;cJh}
uRefawmfvnf; armifpH&Sm;apckdif;onfh twdkif;erf;Munfh&m uwå&map;teHU jyif;pGm xGufvsuf &Sdonfudk
awGU&Sd&av\/
&S m;/ /]tJ'g [dkwpfa,muf ajcaxmufcsoGm;wJh ae&myJAs? udkif;onf ajc&mudk cifAsm;awmif teHU&&if [dkacG;qdk&if
bmajymp&m&SdrvJAs? uJuJ cifAsm; tdrfatmuf qif;oGm;NyD; acG;jzKwfxm;NyD; 0if;xJu usKyfudk apmifhaeESifhAsdKU}
uRefawmfvnf; tdrfatmufodkU qif;oGm;í acG;udk jzKwfNyD;aemuf 0if;wGif;rS apmifhqkdif;vsuf &Sd&m armifpH&Sm;rSm
tdrfrdk;ay: odkU a&mufNyD;aemuf trdk;wpfavQmuf w&G&G wGm;vsuf&Sdonfudk awGUjrif&av\/ tdrfpGef;wpufrdwfodkU
a&mufvQif
&S m;/ /]udkodef;armifvm; AsdKU}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfw,f}
&S m;/ /]onftem;wdk;cJhAsm? usKyf atmufwnfhwnfhu rnf;rnf;[m bmvJAsdKU}
uRefawmf/ /]pnfBuD; axmifaewmAsdKU}
&S m;/ /]jrJ&JUvm;}
uRefawmf/ /(vIyfí MunfhNyD;aemuf) ]NrJygw,f}
&S m;/ /]avScg;rsm; rjrifbl;vm;}
uRefawmf/ /]rjrifbl;AsdKU}
&S m;/ /]tif; awmfawmf pGefUwJh vlyJAsdKU? udkif; ol qif;Edkif&if usKyf bmjyKvkdU rqif;Edkif&rvJ? udkif; vmavAsdKU}
armifpH&Sm;vnf; ayghyg;aom vlwpfa,muf jzpfonfhtwdkif; tdrfrdk;pGef;rS pnfay: odkU jzwfvwfpGm ckefcsí
pnfay:rS wpfzef ajray: odkU oufqif;NyD;aemuf uRefawmf\ vufrS ajctdwfESifh zdeyfudk vSrf;,lí pGyfNyD;vQif
]tdrfrdk;ay:rSm usKyfwdkU vlu a[m'D[muav; csypfcJhw,fAsdKU? usKyfawGUvdkU aumuf,lvmcJhao;w,f} [k
ajymNyD;vQif jrufjzifh ,ufxm;aom tdwfi,fwpfckudk uRefawmftm; jyav\/ uRefawmfonf jruftdwfi,fudk
vSrf;,lí zGifhMunfh&m tdwftwGif;üum; tqdyfvl;vsuf &Sdonfh ,cifu ql;i,faygif; q,fckrQudk awGU&Sd&av\/
&S m;/ /]owdESifh udkifAsdKUaemf udkodef;armif? vufpl;oGm;&if bdk;&GJvdk cifAsm; jzpfNyD;om;yJ?
onftdwfuav;awGUwmvnf; usKyfwdkU uHaumif;aumif;yJ? onftaumifrSm onfvufeuf[m tukefyJ rSwfw,f?
onfhjyif &SdyHkray:bl;? onfvufeuf olwdkUrSm &Sdae&if olwdkU zrf;zdkU cyfusyfusyfyJ? udkif; udkodef;armif
c&D;awmfawmfa0;a0; vrf;avQmufEdkifygOD;rvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]avQmufEdkifygao;w,fAsm}
&S m;/ /]udkif; vm 'gjzifh ay;ay;? usKyfudk acG;ay;} [k ajymojzifh uRefawmfvnf; acG;vnfywfwGif csnfxm;aom
oHBudK;udk ay;vdkuf&m armifpH&Sm;vnf; ,cifu uwå&map;vl;í xm;aom vufudkifyk0gudk acG;\ ESmacgif;odkU
uyfNyD;aemuf
]udkif; abmfbD? erf;prf;a[h? erf;prf;? teHU&&JUvm;} [k acG;tm; em;vnfbdouJhodkU ajymavvQif acG;vnf;
em;vnfbdouJhodkU jznf;ñSif;pGm toHjrnfvsuf &Sdav\/
a&TOa'gif;
¤if;acG;rSm uRefawmfwkdU jrefrmjynfü aygufzGm;aom acG;rsdK; r[kwf t*Fvef jynfayguf acG;rsdK; jzpfav&m
EIwfoD;cRefcRef em;&Gufzm;zm;ESifh aysmufMum;aom udk,f&Sdvsuf tvGefw&m odwwfaom wd&dpmäefrsdK; jzpfavonf/
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;vnf; vufudkify0gudk ta0;odkU ypfvdkufNyD;aemuf acG;udk pnf&Sd&modkU ,loGm;í pnfay: odkU
teHUcHapNyD; ¤if;pnf\ xdyf0ü xdkolajccsí oGm;aom ae&mjzpfojzifh uwå&map;eHU jyif;pGm xGufvsuf &Sdonf
jzpfaomaMumifh abmfbDonf em;vnfonfh vu©PmESifh w[D[D jrnfNyD;vQif xdkoloGm;aom ajc&mudk cHí
vdkufoGm;&m uRefawmfwdkUrSm oHBudK;udk udkifvsuf acG;aemufrS vdkufygoGm;Mu&av\/
xdktcsdefüum; t½kPfwufNyD jzpfí ta&SUt&yfrS &J&JeDvsuf vif;a&mif tenf;i,f vmvsuf &Sd&m acG;vnf;
tdrf0if;aygufrS xGufNyD;aemuf taemufpl;pl; teHUcHvsuf vdkufoGm;ojzifh uRefawmfwdkUonf aemufrS
vdkufygvmcJhMu&av\/
,if;uJhodkU acG;aemufrS oHBudK;udk qGJumvdkufygojzifh acG;vnf; taemufodkU csdK;csnfwpfcg awmifodkU
auGUcsnfwpfvSnfhESifh a&SUrS vsifjrefpGm ajy;oGm;vsuf&Sd&m bufywpfaumvdyfausmif;teD; "mwf&xm;vrf;odkU
a&mufavvQif acG;onf awmifbufodkU vdkufrnfvdkvdk ajrmufbufodkU vdkufrnfvdkvdk ra0cGJEkdifatmif &Sdaeonfh
vu©PmESifh uRefawmfwdkU\ rsufESmudk armhum armhum &Sdaeav\/ ¤if;aemuf ajrodkU acwårQ teHUcHjyefNyD;vQif
acG;vnf; teHUcHrdonfh vu©PmESifh ajrmufpl;pl;odkU pGwfí tNrD;ESHUum vdkufoGm;jyefav\/
,if;uJhodkU "mwf&xm;vrf;wpfavQmuf vdkufvmMupOf uRefawmfu
]aeygOD; udkpH&Sm;&,f? onftrIrSm uwå&map;uvnf; tcef;xJrSm zdwfaejyef? onfvluvnf; trSwfwrJh
uwå&map;rSm ajcaxmufcsrdjyef? 'gaMumifhom usKyfwdkU ajc&mcHEdkifawmhwmyav/ onfvdk r[kwfvQifjzifh
tcufom;uyJ}
&S m;/ /]bmcufvdrfhrvJAs? onfenf;u tvG,fqHk;rdkUvdkU? usKyfwdkU vdkufwmudk;As? onfvdk uwå&map;eHUESifh
ajc&mcHNyD; vdkufzdkU r&Sdbl;qdk&ifvJyJ onfjyifenf;ESifh usLyf vdkufOD;rSmayghAs}
uRefawmf/ /]'gxuf opfom;ajcaxmufESifh vlqdkwJhtaMumif; cifAsm; b,fhES,faMumifh aoaocsmcsm odovJAsm?
uRefawmfjzifh aumif;aumif;em;rvnfao;ygbl;Asm}
&S m;/ /]bmcufovJAsm? t&Sif;BuD;uyJ? jrefrmppfrIxrf;ESpfa,muf[m ppfajrjyifrSm ppfrIxrf;vsuf &SdpOf
ppfom;rsm;teufrS jypfrI usL;vGefwJh vlrsm;udk apmifhMuyfzdkU wm0efusw,f? onftwGif;rSm ypönf;rsm; jr§KyfESHxm;wJh
taMumif;udk olwdkU wpfenf;enf;ESifh odw,f? odawmhum olwdkUtwGuf armifrdk;oD; qdkwJh vlu jr§Kyfxm;wJh
ae&mudk ajryHkrsm; qGJNyD;jyw,f? onfawmhum onfu armifrdk;oD;qdkwJh olu olukd,fwkdif bmjyKvdkU wl;r,lbJ
olrsm;udk ajryHkqGJNyD; jyygovJwJh? jyrSmayghAsm? oludk,fwdkifuawmh tusOf;csKyfcHae&avawmh wl;EdkifwJh
t&m&Sdrsm;udk ae&mESifh wuG a&;NyD; jywmudk;As? jyawmh *sr'gOD;xGef;ausmfESifh OD;om[ef ESpfa,mufvHk;yJvm;
odkUr[kwf wpfa,mufwnf;yJvm; oGm;NyD; ypönf;rsm;udk wl;,lw,f? ,lNyD; wpfpHkwpfck olu
uwdxm;cJhonfhtwdkif; raqmif&GufbJ xdkvlawG ypfxm;cJhNyD; olzmom jrefrmjynfudk jyefajy;vmcJhwmudk;As}
uRefawmf/ /]cifAsm; Opömu awG;vHk;yJ &Sdwmudk;As? [kwfw,f r[kwfbl;qdkwm wyftyf ajymEdkifwmrS r[kwfyJ}
&S m;/ /]wyftyfrS wu,fh wyftyfBuD;ayghAsm? onfenf;r[kwf&if onfhjyifenf;rsm; jzpfEdkifOD;rvJAs? 'gESifh bdk;uJwdkU
bdk;&GJwdkU taz *sr'g OD;xGef;ausmfu ypö¶nf;awG ,lvmcJhNyD; csrf;csrf;omomESifh aexkdifwkef;rSm pmwpfapmif
&wmudk;As? onfpmu bmpmwJhvJ? oljypfrSm;cJhwJh vlawG[m axmifu vGefukefMuNyD qdkwJh taMumif; pm&wmudk;As?
'gaMumifhvnf; onfvl onfavmuf wkefvIyfwmayghAs}
uRefawmf/ /]qdkygOD;Asm}
&S m;/ /]onfpm &NyD;wJhaemuf opfom;ajcaxmufESifh vlrsm; jrif&if tifrwef aMumufwwfw,fvdkU armifbdk;uJu
ajymw,f r[kwfvm;? usKyfwkdUjynfrSm opfom;ajcaxmufwyf&wJh vlvnf; t&Sm;BuD;ygAsm? usKyfjzifh wpfa,mufyJ
jrifzl;ygw,f? rD;&xm; eif;rdvdkU 'l;qpfu jzwfNyD; opfom;ajcaxmuf wyf&&Smw,fqdk xifyg&JU? tJ'Dvludk olu
olUvlrSwfvdkU aoewfESihf oGm;typfrSm 'PfaiGawmif awmfawmf avQmfvdkuf&ao;w,fqdk r[kwfvm;? usKyf
ajymwJhvl[m jrefrmAsaemf? rSwfxm;}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfuJhAsm}
&S m;/ /]udkif; ckeifu ajryHkrSm vufrSwfxkd;wJh vlav;a,mufteuf wpfa,mufxJom jrefrm ygw,fAs? onfhjyif
[mawGu [dE´LawG? rlqvifrefawG csnf;yJ [kwfp}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfygw,fAsm}
&S m;/ /]onfawmhum opfom;ajcaxmufESifh jrefrm[m armifrdk;oD; r[kwf&if b,fol [kwfEdkifrvJAs}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfygayw,fAsm}
&S m;/ /]udkif; udkif; usKyfwdkU udk,fudk armifrdk;oD; ae&mrSm xm;NyD; Munfhvdkuf MuOD;pdkU? armifrdk;oD;[m axmifu
vGwfvmNyD;wJhaemuf ol&xkdufaom ypönf;rsm;udk jyef&&efwpfaMumif;? olUtay:ü rw&m;ojzifh jyKusifhoGm;wJh
vlrsm;udk vufpm;acs&efwpfaMumif; vmcJhw,f? vmNyD; *sr'g OD;xGef;ausmf aexdkifwJh t&yfudk olar;jref;pHkprf;vdkU
awGUa&m? awGUawmhum twGif;vl wpfa,mufESifh ol yl;aygif;a&m? yl;aygif;NyD; twGif;pum;rsm;&atmif
wD;acgufMunfh? Munfhayr,fh ypönf;jr§Kyfxm;wJhae&m ol rodbl;As? 'gESifh onfvdkaewkef; OD;xGef;ausmf
renf;jzpfaew,fvdkU ol owif;&a&m? &awmh OD;xGef;ausmfrsm; aooGm;&if ypönf;awG olr&&pfrSm
pdk;&drftm;BuD;vGef;wmESifh t&JpGefUNyD; 0if;xJ0if? 0ifNyD; jywif;aygufu acsmif;em;axmifaewkef;rSm aocgeD;qJqJ
OD;xGef;ausmf jrifoGm;w,f r[kwfvm;As? OD;xGef;ausmf aoNyD;wJhaemuf onfnrSmyJ tdrfxJudk olazmufNyD;0if? 0ifNyD;
ypönf;awG arTaESmuf&Sm? &Smayr,fh rawGUavawmh tavmif;rSmawmif pmuyfNyD; xm;cJhao;w,f r[kwfvm;As?
rSwfrdw,f r[kwfvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]rSwfrdygw,f}
&S m;/ /]udkif; OD;xGef;ausmf aoa&m? aoawmh onfu armifrdk;oD;u bmvkyfovJ? olu wjcm;uaeNyD;
ypönf;rsm;udk [dkolawG &Smwm? awGUw,f rawGUbl;qdkwm owif;em;axmifaewmudk;As? aemufawmh ypönf;awG
rsufESmMuufay:rSm awGUw,fqkdwm ol owif;&a&m? &awmh oluawmh opfom;ajcaxmufBuD;
rpGrf;roefjzpfavawmh tazmfwpfa,muf ac:NyD; tBuHtpnf jyK? jyKwJhtBuHtwdkif;vnf; atmifjrifygay&JU?
odkUaomf tazmfvkyfwJh vl[mu uwå&map;xJrSm ajccsrdvdkU cuf&SmMuwmudk;As}
uRefawmf/ /]bdk;&GJudk owfwmu armifrdk;oD;u owfwmvm;? tazmfvkyfwJh vl[mu owfwmvm;As}
&S m;/ /]armifrdk;oD;u owfr,f r[kwfbl;? tazmf[mu owfw,f xifw,f? rdk;oD;u &efNidK;BuD;wmu bdk;&GJwdkU
taztay:rSmom &efNidK;BuD;wmudk;As? tcef;xJrSm olUajc&mawG eif;xm;yHkMunfh&wmawmh olUtazmfu bdk;&GJudk
owfxm;ESifhvdkU rdk;oD;u pdwfaygufNyD; Murf;ay:rSm aqmifhBuD;atmifhBuD;ESifh eif;xm;wJh vu©PmyJ? odkUayr,fh
vGefNyD;wJh trIrdkU olrwwfEkdifavawmh tavmif;udk tomxm;cJhNyD; ypö¶nf;awG,lNyD; xGufoGm;Muwmudk;As? ukdif;
onfhjyif cifAsm; bmrsm; odcsifao;ovJ}
uRefawmf/ /]olUtazmftaMumif; ajymygOD;Asm? olUtazmf[mu vlxl; wpfa,mufyJ xifw,f}
&S m;/ /]xm;ygaomfaumAsm? tifrwef xl;wJh vlaygh? odkUaomf olUtaMumif;cifAsm; aemufawmh odygvdrfhr,f} [k
ajym&if;qdk&if;ESifh avQmufvmMuojzifh MunfhjrifwdkifodkU a&mufvmMu&m ¤if;t&yfüum;vrf;topf
jyifqifcif;usif;vsuf&Sdojzifh acG;vnf; eHab;rS avQmufí ajy;oGm;av\/ wpfcPrQ MumavvQif acG;vnf;
a&TOa'gif;
vrf;eHab;wGif &yfvsuf &Sdaom vSnf;i,fuav;odkU ajy;oGm;í vufajcwdkUjzifh ukwfjcpfum jrnfatmfvsuf

&Sdav\/ ¤if;vSnf;i,frSm tjcm;r[kwf &efukefNrdKUay:ü vrf;rsm; jyifonfhtcg uwå&map;rsm;udk xnfhí
t&nfusdKaom vSnf;i,fuav;yif jzpfavaMumif;/
uRefawmfwdkUvnf; þrQavmuf tyifyef;cHí vdkufvmNyD;aemufrS þuwå&map; vSnf;i,fwGif vrf;qHk;vsuf
&Sdonfudk awGU&ojzifh armifpH&Sm;rSm tvGefw&m pdwf½Iyfaom rsufESmxm;ESifh &SdonfwGif uRefawmfvnf;
þwpfcgrS avSmifajymif&ef tcGifhay: ojzifh avSmifajymifum &,farmvsuf &SdpOf armifpH&Sm;vnf; uRefawmftm;
ta&;r,lbJ acwå OD;acgif;udk azsmufcg pOf;pm;awGa0pGm &SdaeNyD;aemuf
]aMomf odNyDAsdKU? vm vm ckeifu bufywpfaumvdyfausmif;em;u vrf;qHkrSm abmfbD tpOf;pm;& usyfaewJhae&m
odw,fr[kwfvm; tJ'Du pNyD; olrSm;vmwmyJ} [k ajymNyD;vQif uRefawmfwdkUvnf; acG;udk ac:í ,cifu ae&modkU
jyefoGm;Mu&av\/
xdkae&modkU a&mufvQif armifpH&Sm;vnf; acG;udk teHUcHapjyef&m abmfbDvnf; vrf;qHk&Sd ajrBuD;rsm;udk erf;½Iyfum
teHUcHNyD;aemuf ,cifuuJhodkU ajrmuf&yfodkU roGm;bJ awmifpl;pl;odkU ajy;vTm; vdkufoGm;jyefav\/ ,if;uJhodkU
awmifpl;pl;odkU "mwf&xm;vrf;twdkif; vdkufvmMujyefojzifh armfwifvrf; odkUa&mufvQif abmfbDvnf; wpfckaom
wdkufa&SUü ywfcsmvSnfhí ajrü teHUcHNyD;aemuf taemufodkU vSnfhí a&qdyfodkU qif;ajy;av\/ a&qdyfodkU
a&mufvQif abmfbDvnf; a&pyfodkU a&mufatmif ESmacgif;ESifh ajrBuD;ESifh uyfum ajy;oGm;NyD;aemuf a&pyfodkU
a&mufonfESifh wpfjyKdifeuf ajc&maysmufoGm;onfh vu©PmESifh uRefawmfwdkU\ rsufESmudk armfMunfhum
rBuHwwfatmif &Sdaeav\/
xdktcg armifpH&Sm;u ]vmAsdKU? udkodef;armif? usKyf &dyfrdNyD} ajymí ,cifu acG;&yfí ywfcsmvSnfhum &SdcJhaom
wdkufodkU oGm;&m ¤if;wdkufüum; ]armfawmfbkwfiSm;&ef &Sdonf} [laom qdkif;bkwfwpfckudk awGUav\/
xdktcg armifpH&Sm;vnf; ¤if;wdkufwGif;&Sd ukvm;r,m;ESifh oP²mefwlaom rdef;rBuD; wpfa,muftm;
ar;jref;Munfh½Iojzifh od&Sd&onfrSm ¤if;\ cifyGef;tyÜ'lvmrSm raeUreuf rvif;ciftcsdefuyif vlwpfa,mufu
iSm;&rf;oGm;ojzifh armfawmfbkwfESifh vkdufygoGm;aMumif;? armfawmfbkwfiSm;vmolrSm opfom;ajcaxmufwpfbuf
wyfvsuf &SdaMumif;/ raeUuwnf;u xGufoGm;onfrSm ,ckwdkif jyefrvmao;ojzihf pdwfrat; &SdaeaMumif;?
¤if;opfom;ajcaxmufESifh olrSm roGm;rD wpf&ufuyif vma&mufí armfawmfbkwf tvdk&SdaMumif;udk ajymNyD;vQif
p&HaiGay;íxm;ESifhaMumif; ¤if;ESifhtazmf wpfa,mufygonfudk rdrd rjrifaMumif;? armfawmfbkwfrSm t0ga&mif
aq;okwfí xm;onfjzpfaomaMumifh tjcm;armfawmfbkwfrsm;ESifhrwl? tvG,fwulESifh odjrifEdkifaMumif;rsm;ESifh
rdef;rBuD;u ajymqdkavvQif armifpH&Sm;vnf; ¤if;\ uav;tm; rkefUzdk; ESpfusyfrQay;NyD;aemuf xGufvmcJhav\/
vrf;c&D;wGif uRefawmfu ]udkif; b,fES,f vkyfrvJAsm}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm;jzifh b,fES,fh vkyfrvJ}
uRefawmf/ /]uRefawmfjzifh onfhjyifarmfawmfbkwfwpfpif;iSm;NyD; vdkufrSmaygh}
&S m;/ /]onfenf; raumif;ao;bl;As? onfhxufaumif;wJh enf;&Sdao;w,f}
uRefawmf/ /]'gjzifh tifpydwfawmf OD;tkef;cdkifukd ajymNyD; a&aMumif;bufykvdyf armfawmfbkwfESifh vdkufr,fAsm}
&S m;/ /]onfvdkvnf; usKyf rBudKufbl;? usKyfu usKyfenf;ESifh usKyf vdkufNyD; aemufqHk; aocsmaygufa&mufrS
ykvdyfudk ac:csifw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]'gjzifh b,fhES,fvkyfrvJAsm}
&S m;/ /][dkt&ifu &Srf;jynfe,fu reef;pdefwdkU trIwkef;u usKyfvufaxmufav;awG rSwfrdao;w,f r[kwfvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]a*:&if*sDukvm;uav;awG[mvm;}
&S m;/ /]tppfyJAs? olwdkUuawmh usKyfwdkU ra&mufEdkifwJhae&m olwdkU a&mufEdkifw,f? usKyfwdkU r0ifEdkifwJh ae&mrSm
olwdkUu tifrwef toHk;usw,fAs? udkif; udkif; nu wpfnvHk;vnf; rtdyf&bl;? onfuaeU we*FaEGaeUaemf?
awmfygao;&JU? cifAsm; tvkyfoGm;zdkU r&Sdbl;? uJ vmAsm tdrfjyefNyD; tarmtyef;ajzMuOD;pdkU&JU}
tdrfodkUa&mufvQif armifpH&Sm;vnf; tapcHwpfa,mufukd apvTwfvdkufNyD;aemuf uRefawmfwdkUvnf;
qmavmifrGwfodyfvSonfhtavsmuf eHeufpm pm;aomufNyD;MuonfwGif avScg;rS qlnHpGm toHMum;NyD;aemuf?
ESpfq,fcefUrQaom a*:&if*sDukvm;uav;wdkUonf tdrfay: odkU ajy;wufvmMuav\/
xdktcg armifpH&Sm;u acgifvlBuD; a*:&if*sDukvm;uav;tm;
]a[h tmyem; vmcJhOD;? aemufudk ig ac:&if rif;wpfa,mufom tdrfay:wufcJh? onfhjyifvlawG wdkufatmufu
apmifhaeyap? Mum;vm;? udkif; udkif; onfwpfcgawmh tm;vHk;wufvmwm cyfaumif;aumif;ygyJav? udkif; rif;wdkU
tm;vHk; em;axmifMu} [k ajymojzifh ukvm;uav;wdkUvnf; pDwef;um &yfwefUvsuf &SdMuavvQif
&S m;/ /]armfwifvrf; odovm;}
ukvm;uav;rsm;/ /(wjyKdifeuf oGufvufpGm) ]odw,f tpfudk}
&S m;/ /]at; armfwifvrf;u pNyD; jrpfaMumif;rSm txufbufukd vl q,fa,muf? atmufbufudk vlq,fa,muf
cGJNyD; armfawmfbkwf wpfpif;udk awGUatmif vdkuf&Sm&r,f? armfawmfbkwfu aq;t0ga&mif okwfxm;w,f?
armif;wJhukvm;emrnfu tyÜ'lvmwJh? Mum;&JUvm;}
ukvm;uav;rsm;/ /(wNyKdifeuf) ]Mum;w,f tpfudk}
&S m;/ /]rif;wdkU awGUatmif &Sma&mh? awGU&if [dkrSm wpfa,muf tapmifh xm;NyD; ighqDvm csufjcif; vmajym?
Mum;vm;}
ukvm;uav;rsm;/ /]Mum;w,f tpfudk}
&S m;/ /]udkif; oGm;Muawmh} [k ajymvdkufvQif ukvm;uav;wdkUvnf; aysmf&TifpGm qif;ajy;Muav\/
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfrSm wpfnOfhvHk; rtdyf&onfjzpfí yufvufukvm;xdkifay:ü tdyfaysmfrd&m armifpH&Sm;rSmrl
tenf;i,frQ tdyfcsifpdwf r&SdbJ owif;pmjzwfydkif; ta[mif;rsm;udk vnf;aumif;? A[kokw pmtkyfBuD;rsm;udk
vnf;aumif; vSefavSmum &SmazGvsuf &Sdav\/
nae oHk;em&DcefU &Sdojzifh uRefawmfvnf; tdyf&mrS Edk;avvQif armifpH&Sm;rSm yufvufukvm;xdkifay:ü
aq;wHaomufumpOf;pm;pdwful;vsuf &Sdonfudk awGU&Sd&onf jzpf&m uRefawmf Ekd;onfudk jrifonfESifh
&S m;/ /]udkodef;armif tdyfa&;0NyDvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]0ygNyDAsm}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm; tdyfwkef;u usKyf tcsnf;ESD; rjzpfbl;AsdKU}
uRefawmf/ /]bmrsm; awGUovJAsm}
&S m;/ /(t*Fvdyfowif;pmzdkifa[mif;wpfckudk uRefawmftm; vSrf;í ay;NyD;aemuf) ]a[m'D rsufESmrSm zwfMunfhprf;}
[k ajymojzifh uRefawmfvnf; zwfMunfh&m jrefrm t"dyÜm,frSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpfygaMumif;/
a&TOa'gif;
ppfajrjyifü vlowfrI jzpfyGm;jcif;taMumif;

vGefcJhonfh {NyDv 11 &ufa eUwGif rufqdkydkawrD,m; ppfajrjyifü jrefrmppfom;wpfa,mufESifh tdEd´,
wdkif;om; ukvm;ppfom; oHk;a,mufwdkUonf &efolvlrsdK;jzpfaom wl&uDolaX;wpfOD;udk wdwfwqdwf
vuf&zrf;qD; NyD;vQiftxuft&m&SdwdkUxH ydkUojcif; rjyKbJ ¤if;olaX;BuD;udk wdwfwqdwf owfjzwfí ¤if ;\
ypönf; Opömrsm;udk vk,uf,liifMuaMumif;? tqdkyg w&m;cHav;a,mufudk qdkif&mu ppfaq;ar;jref;&m
jypfrIxif&Sm;onf jzpfí ¤if;av;OD;udk wpfuRef;odkU10ESpf pDrQ uscHap&ef pD &ifcsuf csrSwfvdkufaMumif; /
ypönf; rsm;rSm tzdk;rsm;pGmxdkufwefaMumif; od &Sd&aomfvnf; w&m;cHwdkUu odk0Sufí xm;NyD;NyD jzpfaom
aMumifh ppfaq;aomfvnf; ray:aygufaMumif;/
uRefawmf/ /]onfowif;pm 1917 ckESpfu owif;pmyguvm;As}

&S m;/ /][kwfw,f/ trIqdk&ifjzifh vufonfay: ray: usKyfu owif;pm jzwfydkif; xkwfNyD; zdkifwGJxm;wm cifAsm;
odw,f r[kwfvm;As? onfzdkifwGJxJrSm ,ckwdkif vufonfray:wJh trI 50 ausmfavmuf &Sdw,fAs? tckvdk
wpfcgwpfcgawmh usKyf zdkifwGJ[m tifrwef toHk;usw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]aumif;ygayAsm? 'gxuf onftrIrSm trIonf ESpfa,mufteuf [dkwpfa,muftaMumif;
ajymprf;ygOD;Asm? ajryHkrSmygwJh ukvm; oHk;a,mufteuf wpfa,muf[mvm;Asm}
&S m;/ /]bmvJAs? [dE´Lukvm;xJu rSwfvdkUvm;? [dE´Lukvm;jzifh onfavmuf ajcaxmufao;yghrvm;As? udkif; udkif;
usKyf zGifhajymr,f/ cifAsm; awG;Munfhprf;? onfvl[m ajcaxmuf tifrwef ao;w,f? zdeyfvnf; b,fawmhrS
pD;zl;wJh vu©Pm r&Sdbl;? tifrwefvnf; oefpGrf;w,f? tqdyfvl;jrm;vnf; toHk;jyKw,f? udkif;
b,fvdkvlxJuvJAsm}
uRefawmf/ /]aumif;aumif; rawG;wwfygbl;Asm}
&S m;/ /]udkif; udkif; cifAsm; awG;ae&if Mumaea&mhr,f? MuGufavQmufay:u [dkpmtkyfBuD; vSrf;prf;ygOD;Asm} [k
ajymojzifh uRefawmfvnf; ]*ZufwD,m}ac: A[kokwtrsdK;pHk yg&Sdaom pmtkyfBuD; vSrf;,lay;urf;vdkuf&m
armifpH&Sm;vnf; pmtkyfudk vSefavSm&SmazG&if;
]usKyfwdkU armifrdk;oD;u wpfuRef;jyefAsaemf? [kwfp? ukdif; wpfuRef;u vl½dkif;rsdK;rsm; jzpfrvm; Munfhprf;&atmif?
a[m awGUNyDAsdKU? udkif; em;axmif} [k ajymí armifpH&Sm;vnf; pmtkyfrS zwfí jy&m jrefrmt"dyÜm,frSm
atmufygtwdkif; jzpfygaMumif;/
]tef 'ref ac: wpf uRef;om;vl½dkif ;rsm;taMumif; }

tif'refuRef;om; vl½kdif;rsm;wdkUonf t&yf 3 ayrS 4 ayrQtwGif;omvQif &Sdonfjzpfí urÇm ay:ü
tao;i,fqHk;aom vlrsdK;[lí ac:qdkxdkufayonf/ ¤if; vl½dkif;rsm;rSmrl tvGefw&m cufxef Murf;MuKwf
vSonfjzpf &m t*Fvd yf tpdk;&wdkUonf ¤if;wdkUtm; ,Ofaus;aom trlt&mrsm;udk oifMum;jyoygaomfvnf;
rwwfEdkifonf jzpfí aemufqHk;ü vufavQmhMu&av\/ odkU&mwGif xdkvl½dkif;wdkUrSm aus;Zl;wifwwfaom
vlrsdK;jzpfojzifh rdrdwdkUtm;aus;Zl;jyKzl ;aomolwdkUtm;rl tvGef pGJNrJpGm cspfcif wwfMuavonf/ xdkolwdkUonf
tqdyfvl;aom jrm;ql;rsm;udk ajymif;wHjzifhrIwfí &efolrsm;udk vnf;aumif;? awmowå0grsm;udk
vnf;aumif; owfjzwf zsufqD;wwfMuavonf/ xdkvlrsdK;wdkUrSm ao;i,fojzifh tcsdK;tpm;rusaom
OD;acgif;rsm;vnf;aumif;? &ufpuf Murf;MuKwf[ ef &Sdaomrsufpdrsm;vnf;aumif;? ao;i,faom vufajcrsm;
vnf;aumif; &SdMuavonf/
&S m;/ /]udkif; b,fhES,fvJ udkodef;armif}

uRefawmf/ /][kwfNyDAsdKU? onf armifrdk;oD;uvnf; wpfuRef;jyefqdkawmh [dkuRef;u vl½dkif;wpfa,mufrsm; olESifh
twl ygcsifygvmr,f}
&S m;/ /]tif; wnfhwnfhajym&if cifAsm; &dyfrdw,fayghav}
uRefawmf/ /]&dyfrdwm r&dyfrdwm tyxm;ygOD;Asm/ 'gxuf tyem;wdkUqDu bmowif;rsm; Mum;ao;ovJ}
&S m;/ /]rMum;ao;bl;As? odkUaomfvnf; Mum;ygvdrfhr,f raeygbl;}
uRefawmf/ /]'gxuf usKyfwdkU udk,fwdkifvdkuf&&if raumif;bl;vm;}
&S m;/ /]rvdkygbl;Asm? aeygap}
uRefawmf/ /]udkif; 'gjzifh cifAsm; ae&pfOD;Asm? usKyfawmh vrf;avQmufacsOD;r,f}
&S m;/ /]b,fvJAs? rESif;ñGefUwdkUqDudkvm;}
uRefawmf/ /(tBuHudk odoGm;ojzifh rsufESmylylESifh) ]a&mufaumif; a&mufygvdrfhOD;r,f rSwfw,f? bmrsm;
rSmvdkufOD;rvJ}
&S m;/ /]rSmp&m r&Sdygbl;Asm? 'gxuf rdef;rawGudk pum;ukefrajymESifhAsaemf? abmfbDvnf; ac: oGm;ygAsm?
jyefydkUvdkufyg/ rvdkygbl;}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfvnf; acG;udk ac:cJhí MunfhjrifwdkifodkU jyefydkUNyD;vQif rESif;ñGefUtay:ü ,cifu
xkwfazmfa&;om;cJhNyD;onftwdkif; arwåmpdwfpl;pdkufvsuf &Sdonf jzpfaomaMumifh ,dk;r,fzGJUum taMumif;&Smí
tdrfodkU 0ifNyD;aemuf trItaMumif;rsm;udk jzef;oef;um &,farmajymqdkaerdcJhygaMumif;/
tdrfodkU jyefa&mufonfhtcg 7 em&DausmfcefUrQ &SdNyDjzpf&m armifpH&Sm;\ aq;wHwdkESifh pmtkyfrSmrl ukvm;xdkifay:wGif
&Sdaeaomfvnf; armifpH&Sm;udk rjrifonfjzpfí &SmazG&m armifpH&Sm;rSm eufeJaom trIwdkUü qifjcif pOf;pm;NrJ
jzpfonfhtwdkif; acgif;tHk;rsm;udk ukvm;xdkifay:wGif pkyHkum aeomatmif cif;usif;NyD;rS ¤if;wdkUtay:rS aq;wH
t½dk;&SnfBuD;udk aomuf½Ivsuf wpfnywfvHk; rtdyfrae pOf;pm;pdwful;vsuf &Sdav\/
eHeufvif;ojzifh vufzuf&nf aomuf&if; uRefawmfu ]b,fES,fvJ udkpH&Sm;? cifAsm; wpfnvHk; rtdyfygyJuvm;}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm; odwJhtwdkif;yAsm? usKyfu tNyD;rowfrjcif; tNidrfaewwfwJhvl r[kwfbl;? ½dkif;vdkufavw,f Asm/
bmr[kwfwmuav;ESifh vmNyD; xpfaew,f? vludkvnf; odNyD? olwdkUpD;oGm;wJh armfawmfbkwfudkvnf; odNyD/
'gESifhawmif udpöacsmNyD; rjzpfwm? usKyf cHjyif;vSw,fAs? odkUaomfvnf; onfenf;ESifh r&vQif onfhjyifenf;ESifh
vkduf&rSmayghav? wwfEdkifygbl;}
¤if;aeU nae uRefawmfvnf; tvkyfwdkufrS jyefvmvQif armifpH&Sm;vnf; tdrfü r&SdESifhonfjzpfí pm;yGJü &SmazG
Munfh½I&m uRefawmftwGuf atmufyg twdkif; pmwpfapmifa&;om;xm;onfudk awGU&ygaMumif;/
rd wfaqGBuD; udkodef;armif
þtrIü pd wfrcsonfjzpf í usKyf ud k ,f wdk if vdkufa csNyD/ usKyf rjyefvmrD taMumif;xl;onfjzpfap?
tyem;jyefv mí taMumif;Mum;onf jzpfa p cifAsm; ÓPf&Sdoavmuf pDrHES if hygav/
armif pH &S m ;
a&TOa'gif;
¤if;nOfhü uRefawmfonf þtrI\ taMumif;udkaomf vnf;aumif;? vufOD; trI&Sifjzpfol q&mr rESif;ñGefU\

taMumif;rsm;udk vnf;aumif;? rdwfaqG armifpH&Sm;\ taMumif;rsm;udk vnf;aumif; pOf;pm;pdwful;vsuf
tdyfaysmfNyD;aemuf tdyfrufxJü uRefawmfvnf; rESif;ñGefU\ vufudk udkifqGJum olckd;rsm;\ aemufodkU twif;
ajy;vTm;vdkufygoGm;ojzifh armyef;onftcgrS vefUí Edk;vmygaMumif;/
eHeufvif;vQif uRefawmfonf wpfnOfhywfvHk; armifpH&Sm; rjyefvmonfjzpfí ylyifaom pdwfjzifh wdkufa&SUü
&xm;armif;oGm;onfhtcgwdkif; armifpH&Sm;trSwfESihf arQmfvifhvsuf&Sd&m 8 em&DtcsdefcefUwGif jrif;&xm; wpfpD;onf
wdkufa&SUü &yfNyD;aemuf tifpydwfawmf OD;tkef;cdkifonf ,refaeUuuJhodkU rdrdudk,fukd txiftjrifBuD;vsuf
[efBuD;yefBuD; r&SdbJ twefi,f ñdI;i,faom rsufESmxm;ESifh uRefawmftm;
]armifpH&Sm;wpfa,muf rvmao;bl; rSwfw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]r&Sdbl;Asm? apmifhygOD;av? vmvkygNyD rSwfw,f? xdkifygOD;Asm}
ck dif/ /]xkdifao;wmayghav? 'gxuf usKyfraeUu onftrIrSm xifjrifcsufudk cifAsm; Mum;rdw,f r[kwfvm;?
tckawmh r[kwfjyefbl;AsdKU? bdk;uJwdkUvnf; vTwfvdkuf&NyD? usKyfawG;yHk rudkufao;bl;? 'gxuf cifAsm; rdwfaqG
udkpH&Sm; wpfa,mufu awmfawmh awmfwJh oli,fwpfa,mufygyJ? wpfcgwpfavawmh enf;enf;uav; t,ltq
t&ifvdkw,f rSwfw,f? odkUaomf olU[mu rSefwmu rsm;aew,fAs? ck reufyJ olUqDu w,fvDzkef; &w,f? tdrfu
apmifhaeygwJh? olvmcJhr,fwJh? wpfckckawmh ajc&mcHrdNyD rSwfw,fAs} [k ajymqdkvsuf &SdpOf avScg;rS
ajcvSrf;av;av;jzifh wpfvSrf;jcif; wufívmonfh vlwpfa,muf\ ajcoHukd Mum;NyD;aemuf wHcg;udk
acgufoHMum;ojzifh ]0ifcJhav} [k uRefawmfu ac:vdkuf&m touf ig;q,fausmft&G,fcefUrQ&Sd t0wfrsm;ü
pufqDrsm; pGef;ayvsuf &Sdonfjzpfí pufarmif;orm;ESifh wlaom ukvm;tbdk;BuD; wpfa,mufonf
armBuD;yef;BuD;&Sdonfh trlt&mESifh tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifvmí ]armifpH&Sm; qif[dkif;} (armifpH&Sm; &Sdyg&JUvm; ) [k
[dE´KpwefeDbmomjzifh ar;jref;avvQif uRefawmfvnf; r&SdaMumif;ESihf ajymqdkí udpöukd ar;jref;&m ukvm;BuD;vnf;
rdrdrSm tjcm;r[kwf? pufq&m tyÜ'lvmjzpfaMumif; armifpH&Sm;u awGUvdkonf qdkí vma&muf&aMumif;ESifh rajymvdk
ajymvdkESifh ajymqdkav\/ xdktcg uRefawmfu trIESifh oufqdkifaMumif;ESifh ajymqdkojzifh tifpydwfawmf
OD;tkef;ckdifvnf; ukvm;BuD;tm; odvdktm;BuD;ESihf ar;jref;&m ukvm;BuD;u
]qAÁvkyf tjcm;edrf;? armifpH&Sm; qAÁudk [rf'pfpae; ref;uwm;? armifpH&Sm;qyfudk uREkfyf ajymr,f? cifAsm;wdkUudk
uREkfyf rajymbl;}
ck dif/ /] 'gjzifh apmifhOD; bdkif}
ukvm;BuD;/ /]uREfkyf rapmifhEdkifbl;? uREkfyf ,ck jyefr,f? olodcsif&if olUbmom ol vmayap? uREkfyf jyefr,f} [k
ajymí wHcg;&Sd&modkU oGm;rnfjyKavvQif tifpydwfawmf OD;tkef;ckdifvnf; trIESifh ywfoufaMumif; odonfjzpfí
tusdK;taMumif; odvdkvSonfESifh pdwftm;BuD;pGm xdkif&mrS xí ukvm;BuD;\vufarmif;udk qGJudkifum
]aeOD; bmblBuD;? trItaMumif; uREkfyfukd ajym&r,f/ rajymbJ roGm;&bl;? ajymNyD;rS oGm;&r,f? jyefcsif&if
jrefjrefajym} [k ajymavvQif ukvm;BuD;vnf; tenf;i,f z,f½kef;NyD;aemuf r&aMumif; odonfESihf
]aumif;NyD? cifAsm;wdkU uREkfyfudk twif;qGJxm;w,faemf? usKyf rcHbl;? w&m;pGJr,f? aumif;NyD} [k ajymí
ukvm;xdkifwpfckay:wGif armifpH&Sm;tm; apmifhOD;rnft[efESifh NidrfoufpGm xdkifvsuf &Sd&m uRefawmfESihf
OD;tkef;ckdifwdkUvnf; aq;vdyfrsm;udk aomuf½Ium axG&mav;yg; pum;wdkUukd ajymqdkvsuf &SdMuav\/
xkdcPü ]aq;vdyfwpfvdyf ay;Muprf;Asm} [k ajymoHudk Mum;vdkufojzihf uRefawmfwdkU tHhMopGmESifh armfí
MunfhvdkufMu&m ,cifu ukvm;BuD;rSm ukvm;r[kwf? armifpH&Sm; jzpfaMumif;udk tHhMopGm awGUjrifMu&av\/
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;vnf; [uf[ufyufyuf &,farmvsuf
]usKyfudk,fusKyf ½kyfzsufenf; awmfawmfwwfw,fvdkUawmh xifrdyg&JU? odkUaomf onfavmufawmif aumif;rSef;awmh

r&dyfrdaybl;Asm}
ck dif/ /]awmfygayw,fAsm/ usKyfwkdU ykvdyfrsufpdawmif vdrfEdkifygayw,f? cifAsm; toHxm;yHku wuJhudk
ae&musw,fAsdKU? toHu tufvdkU uGJvdkU? wu,fh tbdk;BuD;oHyJ? odkUaomf cifAsm; rsufpdMunfhyHkawmh
usKyf&dyfrdovdkvdk enf;enf;awmh &Sdvdkufyg&JU? awmfygayw,fAsm}
&S m;/ /]w,fvDzkef;uae ajymwm cifAsm;vm;}
ck dif/ /][kwfygw,f}
&S m;/ /]b,fhES,fvJ cifAsm;trI}
ck dif/ /]ae&m rusygbl;? [dkESpfa,muf zrf;xm;wmvnf; vTwfvdkuf&ygNyD}
&S m;/ /]ESpfa,muf vTwfvdkuf&vQif onfu ESpfa,muftpm; &vdrfhrayghAsm? rylygESifh? 'gxuf a&aMumif;
ykvdyfbufu armfawmfbkwf jrefjref wpfpD; onfuaeUn vdkcsifw,fAsdKU}
cd kif/ /]uRefawmfhwm0efxm;ygAsm? &ygaphr,f}
&S m;/ /]NyD;awmh ykvdyfESpfa,muf cyfawmifhawmifhxJu a&G;ac:cJhAsddKU}
cd kif/ /]pdwfcsygAsm? ygygaphr,f? onfhjyifaumAsm}
&S m;/ /]onfhjyifawmh armifrdk;oD;udk usKyfzrf;vdkU &SdvQif olESifh usKyfESifh r&Sif;vif;wJh tcsufuav;rsm; ar;zdkU
usKyftdrfrSm em&D0ufavmuf cGifhjyK&vdrfh,f}
cd kif/ /]pdwfomcsygAsm? vlom rdygap? em&D0uf ruygbl;? wpfem&D ajymcsifwm ajymaeyg}
&S m;/ /]udkif; 'gjzifh onfuaeUn 7 em&DcGJavmuf armfawmfbkwfESifh xGufMu&atmif? 6 em&DcGJavmufudk cifAsm;
onftdrf a&mufatmifvmcJhAsm? udkif; 'gygyJ}
¤if;aeU nae uRefawmfonf tvkyfrS jyefvmNyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;ESihf twlwuG xrif;pm;aomufNyD;Muí
ajcmufem&DausmfcefU &SdavvQif tifpydwfawmf OD;tkef;cddkifvnf; a&mufvm&m
&S m;/ /]b,fhES,fvJ jyifqifxm;cJhNyDvm;AsdKU}
cd kif/ /]NyD;cJhygNyDAs? armfawmfbkwfu yef;qdk;wef;qdyfrSm}
&S m;/ /]OD;tkef;cdkif? ajcmufvHk;jyL;rsm;yg&JUvm;AsdKU}
cd kif/ /]ygygw,fAsm}
&S m;/ /],rf;awmifhrsm; aoaocsmcsm MunfhNyD; xnfhxm;AsdKUaemf}
cd kif/ /]pdwfcsygAsm}
&S m;/ /]udkif;? usKyfwdkU vufzuf&nf wpfcGufpD aomufzdkU tcsdef&Sdygao;w,f 0rf;aEG;atmif aomufvdkufMuOD;pdkUAsm}
7 em&DausmfcefUwGif uRefawmfwdkUvnf; yef;qdk;wef;qdyfurf;odkU qdkufa&mufMuavvQif armifpH&Sm;vnf;
armfawmfbkwfudk aocsmpGm MunfhNyD;aemuf
]eHab;u rD;pdrf;BuD;[m ykvdyfavSrSef; odomvSw,f? xkwfypfvdkufAsm} [k ajymí ajymonftwdkif; vdkufem
NyD;aemuf uRefawmfwdkU oHk;a,mufESifh ykvdyfESpfa,mufwdkUvnf; armfawmfbkwfay: odkU wufMuav\/
¤if;aemuf armfawmfbkwf armif;orm;tm; armifpH&Sm;u
a&TOa'gif;
]udkif; 'vbufudk armif;a[h} [k ajymojzifh armfawmfbkwfvnf; xGufvmcJhav\/ ¤if;aemuf {&m0wDukrÜPD

oabFmusif;odkU a&mufavvQif armifpH&Sm;vnf; armfawmfbkwfudk tHhBuD;buf acsmif;0wGif &yfapö rD;rsm;udk
Nidrf;apNyD;vQif Nidrf0yfpGm apmifhqdkif;vsuf &SdMuav\/
xdkaeUonfum; vjynfhausmf 10 &ufjzpfojzihf vrxGufao;onfESifh wpfjrpfvHk; arSmifrnf;vsuf &Sd&m wHkuif;rsm;
qGJaom oabFmi,fwdkUvnf; rD;wxdefxdefESifh jrpfaMumif;wpfavQmuf ul;oef;oGm;vmvsuf &SdMuav\/ xdktcg
uReffawmfvnf; ysif;ysif;&SdonfESifh armifpH&Sm;tm;
]udkif;? udkpH&Sm;? cifAsm; ajc&mcHyHkuav; wpfqdwf ajymjyprf;ygOD;Asm}
&S m;/ /]aMomf? [kwfayw,f? onfvdkAs? usKyfu usKyfukvm;uav;awG t&Smcdkif;awmh onfarmfawmfbkwf[m
aq;a&mifuvnf; xl;xl;jcm;jcm;rdkUvdkU teD;tem;rSm &SdvQifjzifh {uEå olwdkU awGU&r,fvdkU usKyf ,HkMunfw,f?
usKyf taumifuav;awGuvnf; usKyf oifNyD;xm;vdkU tifrwef rsufpdpl;w,fAs? NyD;awmhvnf; armfawmfbkwf
ukvm;&JU rdef;r ajymcsuft& vif;cgeD;rS olwdkUxGufoGm;w,f ajymavawmh usKyfwdkU vl[m rvif;cif c&D;oGm;NyD;
rdk;vif;wJhtcgrSm ykef;ckdNyD; aer,fqdkvQif {uEå c&D;a0;a0;BuD; ra&mufEkdifbl;? c&D;a0;a0; ra&mufao;vQifvnf;
rkcs usKyfvlpk awGU&r,f? ,ck bmaMumifh rawGUygvdrfhrvJvdkU pOf;pm;Munfhawmh tBuHwpfck &wJhtwdkif; ukvm;vdk
0wfí oabFmusif;xJ oGm;NyD; axmufvSrf;pHkprf;Munfhawmh rif;bk&m;rsm;u armfawmfbkwf aq;t0ga&mifudk
tñdka&mif jzpfatmifajymif;NyD; okwfxm;ESifhwmudk;As? onfawmh armfawmfbkwfawmh usKyf 'vacsmif;xJrSm awGUa&m?
awGUpOftcgu armfawmfbkwfay:rSm vlwpfa,mufrQ r&Sdbl;? r&Sdavawmh tyÜ'lvm &Sdwwf&mudk puf½Hku
ukvm;awG ar;jref;NyD;vdkuf? vdkufNyD; t&ufuav; bmuav;wdkuf? wdkufNyD; ar;Munfhawmh onfuaeUn
c&D;oGm;r,fqdkwJhtaMumif; od&wmudk;As? [dkvlpk taMumif;awmh usKyfar;vdkU r&bl;? b,frSm &Sdw,fqdkwmvJ
olvnf; odyHk ray:bl;}
cd kif/ /]'gjzifhvJAsm? usKyfvdkawmh olwdkU armfawmfbkwfay:wuf&rJh ae&mu apmifhNyD; zrf;a&maygh}
&S m;/ /]bm&rvJAsm/ armifrdk;oD;u omrnvl r[kwfbl;? vlyg;As? onfvdkrsm; armfawmfbkwfem;u
apmifhr,fqdkvQif b,fawmhrS vmawmhrSm r[kwfbl;}
cd kif/ /]'gjzihfAsm tyÜ'lvmudk ZGwfwG,fNyD; olwdkU &Sd&m vdkuftydkUcdkif;r,fAsm}
&S m;/ /]onfenf;vJ r&bl;As? ukvm;u ydkufqHrsm;rsm;&wmESifh at;NyD; aew,f? olUvlawG b,frSm aew,fqdkwm
olUta&;vJ r[kwfbl;? wu,fvJ rodbl;? olUuyfvdkU tvum; &SdrSmayghAsm}
ck dif/ /][kwfyg&JUav? cifAsm;enf; taumif;qHk;ygyJ? aemufqHk;usrd&ifvJ NyD;wmygyJav? rdomrdygap
qkawmif;&wmyJ? b,fhES,fvJAsm/ 9 em&Dausmf oGm;NyDaum? ray:vmao;yguvm;} [k ajymqdkvsuf &SdMupOf
armfawmfbkwfwpfpD;vnf; 'vacsmif;0rS vsifjrefpGm xGufvmí &efukefbufodkU ul;rnfjyKav&m armifpH&Sm;vnf;
rD;jzifh ½kwfw&uf xdk;í MunfhvdkufonfwGif tñdka&mif&Sdonfudk jrifojzihf uRefawmfwkdU\
armfawmfbkwfarmif;orm;tm; ¤if;\ aemufodkU rDatmif vkduf&ef trdefUay;av\/
,if;uJhodkU rD;a&mifjzifh xdk;í MunfhvdkufonfwGif ¤if;armfawmfbkwfvnf; uRefawmfwkdU\ tBuHtpnfudk &dyfrdonfh
vu©PmESifh &efukefbufodkU rul;bJ jrpfnmodkU qefwufav\/ ,if;uJhodkU uRefawmfwdkU\ tBuHtpnfudk
&dyfrdaMumif; od&SdavvQif armifpH&Sm;vnf; ykvdyf"mwfrD;udk ¤if;armfawmfbkwfodkU wnfhwnfh xdk;apvsuf
rsufajcrjywfatmif aemufrS ajc&mcHí vdkufap&m ¤if;armfawmfbkwfrSm pufukef ckwfvsuf &Sdojzifh
tvGefvsifjrefpGm a&ay:ysHí oGm;bdouJhodkU &Sdojzihf uRefawmfwdkUrSm rDygrnfavm[k pdk;&drfruif; &SdaeMu&av\/
xdktcg armifpH&Sm;vnf; uRefawmfwdkU\ armfawmfbkwfudk pufukef ckwfaponfjzpf&m avSi,fvnf; a&xJü
xdk;oGm;ojzifh a&yef;wkdUonf avSOD;rS yef;xGufvsuf a&wGif epfjrKyfrnfuJhodkU aMumufrufzG,f ckwfESifí
vdkufav\/
,if;uJhodkU ESpfpif;vHk; tpGrf;ukef ckwfESifí oGm;Muojzifh yxrü tawmif ESpf&mcefUa0;&mrS tawmif wpf&mrQom
usef&SdawmhonfjzpfaomaMumifh uRefawmfwdkU\ avSonf ¤if;wdkU\ avSxuf vsifjrefaMumif; xif&Sm;vsuf
wa&GUa&GU wjznf;jznf; eD;í eD;í vmcJh&m tawmif ig;q,fcefUrQ usefawmhonfhtcgwGif oabFmwpfpD;onf
wHkuif; ESpfpD;udk BudK;jzifhqGJvsuf uRefawmfwdkU armfawmfbkwf ESpfpD;tMum;rS jzwfí 0ifoGm;av\/
xdktcg uRefawmfwdkU\ avSrSm oabFmi,fudk 0ifí wdkufrnfqJ qJ&SdonfwGif rwdkufrdap&ef vsifjrefpGm
auGUvdkuf&m armfawmfbkwfuav;rSm a&wGif epfjr§Kyfí wpfcgwnf; tpwHk;acsawmhrnf[líyif
xifrSwfavmufatmif apmifhiJhí oGm;av\/
,if;odkU jzpfavvQif tifpydwfawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdUvnf; tvGefw&m pdwfaygufvsuf wHkuif;rsm;udk ausmfuGif;í
wzef a&SUarmfawmfbkwfaemufokdU vdkufMujyef&m xdktcgürl tawmif ESpf&mausmfcefUrQ uGmjcm;í oGm;jyefonfudk
awGU&av\/
odkU&mwGif uRefawmfwdkUvnf; pdwfrysufbJ rdvQifrdap rrdvQif a&epfí aoap[k atmufarhMuvsuf pufukef
ESifjyefNyD;vQif vdkufjyef&m armfawmfbkwf ESpfpD;vnf; eD;í eD;í vmjyefojzifh aemufqHk;tawmif ESpfq,fcefUrQ
omvQif uGmjcm;avawmh\/ xdktcg tifpydwfawmf OD;tkef;cdkifvnf; rD;a&mifudk wnfhwnfh xdk;apvsuf
armfawmfbkwfOD;rS aeí ¤if;armfawmfbkwfukd &yfwefU&ef taMumif;ESifh [pfatmfum trdefUay;vsuf &Sd&m
vlwpfa,mufvnf; ¤if;armfawmfbkwfay:rS aemufodkU vSnfhí uRefawmfwdkUtm; vufoD;udk qkyfum jyav\/
xdkcPü arsmuftdkESifh wlaom vlykuav;wpfa,mufvnf; xdkol\ teD;ü xdkifae&mrS uRefawmfwdkUbufodkU
vSnfhí Munfhvsuf&Sd&m
&S m;/ /][dktaumifykuav;jrifMu&JUvm;? 'Dtaumif vufrsm;vIyfvdkU &Sd&if cifAsm; ajcmufvHk;jyL;ESifhom
ypfvdkufAsdKUaemf? OD;tkef;cdkif}
¤if;aemuf pufukefESifí vdkufjyefojzihf avSwpfpD;pmrQom uGma0;MuavvQif ,cifu vlykuav;vnf;
½kwfw&uf xdkif&mrS xNyD;vQif uRefawmfwdkUbufodkU vSnfhí a`yGESifh o@mefwlaom t&mwpfckudk yg;pyfwGif
awhNyD;vQif rIwfvdkufonfwGif OD;tkef;ckdif\ ajcmufvHkjyL;vnf; 'dkif;ceJ jrnfNyD;aemuf vlykuav;vnf; vufudk
ajr§mufNyD;vQif vnfí oGm;NyD;rS jrpfxJodkU usoGm;av\/
xdkcPü ¤if;wdkU\ armfawmfbkwfvnf; ½kwfw&uf urf;bufodkU OD;vSnfhí ckwfoGm;&m uRefawmfwdkU\ avSOD;ESifh
¤if;wdkU\ avSyJhrSm wpfaycefUrQomvQif vGwfoGm;í tonf;at;cref; oDoDrQvGJí oGm;av\/
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwdkUvnf; ¤if;wdkUaemufodkU vdkufMujyef&m ¤if;wdkU\ armfawmfbkwfonf urf;odkU OD;jzifh
wnhfwnfh xdk;0ifav&um; xdktcgü 'Da&usvsuf&Sdonf jzpfaomaMumifh EGHrsm;wGif OD;pdkufvsuf wifaeav\/
xdktcg uRefawmfwdkU\ armfawmfbkwfvnf; ¤if;wdkU\ avSESifh eHab;csif; ,SOfvsuf EGHwGif OD;pdkufum ½kwfw&uf
&yfwefUav\/
xdkcPü ¤if;armfawmfbkwfay:rS vlvnf; avSay:rS ckefcsí urf;ay: odkU ajcusifwufajy;rnf jyK&m xdkol\
opfom;ajcaxmufonf EGHwGif uRHí aeojzifh rEIwfEdkifbJ &SdonfjzpfaomaMumifh uRefawmfwdkUvnf; vG,fulpGm
zrf;qD;Mu&av\/
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwdkUonf armfawmfbkwf ESpfpif;udk wGJvsuf &efukefqdyfurf;odkU jyefvmMu&m
¤if;armfawmfbkwfOD;rSmum; oHaowåmwpfvHk;onf oHBudK;rsm;ESifh csnfaESmifvsuf &Sdonfudk awGUojzifh
¤if;onfum; ckd;&myg ypönf;rsm; yg&Sdaom oHaowåmwnf;[k awG;rdMu&av\/
¤if;aowåmay:üum; opfom;ajcaxmufESifhvlonf vufxdyfcwfum ykvdyfESpfa,muf\ tvnfwGif rdIifum
xdkifvsuf &Hzef&Hcg ykvdyfom;wdkUtm; rdrd\ vufxdyfjzifh ½dkufESufum &Sdaeojzihf armifpH&Sm;u
a&TOa'gif;
]a,mufsm;uyJ udkrdk;oD;&,f? onfavmuf tm;i,fvdkU jzpfEkdif½dk;vm;? a&mhAsm aq;vdyfrsm; aomufygOD;} [k ajymí

aq;vdyfrsm; wnfNyD;vQif
]onfavmufawmif ukwfukwfuwfuwf BuHpnfNyD;vmcJh&/ aemufqHk;usrS rdoGm;/ w,f0rf;enf;p&m
aumif;aywmyav}
armif rd k ; oD ;/ /(armifpH&Sm;ay;aom aq;vdyfudk rD;ñdSí aomufvsuf) ]0rf;enf;qdk bmajymzdkU &SdovJAsm? 'gayr,fh
armifbdk;&GJudk owfwm uRefawmf r[kwf&ygbl;Asm? jrpfxJusoGm;wJh t½dkif;aumifuav;owfwmyg? uRefawmfu
vGefNyD;rS odygw,fAsm? onftwGuf aumifuav;udkawmif vufoD;ESifh wpfcsuf ESpfcsuf ydwfNyD; xdk;rdygao;w,f}
&S m;/ /]'gawmh tjypfvnf; rwifESifhav? cifAsm;u BudK;ESihf wG,fNyD;vmaewkef; olUcrsmu armifbdk;&GJukd
onfenf;ESifh rudkifvQif b,fenf;ESihf udkifEdkifrvJ}
oD;/ /]cifAsm;u wu,frsufpdESifhjrifovdkyJ? w,fodyguvm;? onfvdkAs? uRefawmfwdkU wufwJhtcsdefu
onftcef;xJrSm armifbdk;&GJ r&SdwJh tcsdefrSef;NyD; wufwmyJAs? tcgwdkif;awmh onftcsdefrSm ol vufzuf&nfaomuf
qif;wJh tcsdefyJ? [dknurS olaocsifvdkU rqif;wmbJ? odkUaomf uRefawmf raMumufygbl;? rSefrSefajymygw,f?
wu,fvdkU bdk;&GJwdkU tazudkxGef;ausmfom jzpf&if uRefawmf udk,fwdkif owfNyD;om;yJ? csrf;om ray;ygbl;?
BudK;ay;½HkruvdkU q,fcg jyefay;ap? raMumufygbl;? odkUaomf olUom;rsm;tay:rSmawmh &efNidK; r&Sdygbl;Asm?
rawmfwq [dktaumifuav; aemufvdkU jzpfoGm;&wmyJ}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm; tcef;xJ a&mufawmh bdk;&GJ aoESifhNyDayghav}
oD;/ /]aoESihfygNyD cifAsm? qdyfvl;jrm;wJhcifAs? jyif;xefvdkufwm? uRefawmf tcef;xJ BudK;ESihfwufvmawmh
vlaoaumifBuD;u oGm;BuD;NzD;NyD; uRefawmfhMunfhNyD; &,fovdk xdkifaevdkufwm awmfawmfawmif
vefUoGm;ao;wmudk; cifAs? raumif;ygbl;cifAsm? onfypönf;awG[mudk usdefpmoihfwJh ypönf;awG xifyg&JU/
ola&muf&m vlUvufrSm vdkufNyD; 'ku©ay;wJh ypönf;awG cifAs? olaX; ,mukwfvnf; toufao&Sma&m
OD;xGef;ausmfvnf; ykdifom ydkif&w,f? wpfoufvHk; pdwfrcsrf;om&bl;? tck uRefawmfvnf; vufxJ a&mufcg&Sdao;?
wpfuRef;vm;? b,fvm; jyefa&muf&acsOD;awmhr,f}
xdkcPü uRefawmfwdkU\ armfawmfbkwfvnf; yef;qdk;wef;wHwm;odkU qdkufa&mufvkeD;avvQif armifpH&Sm;u
]udkif; udkrdk;oD; a&mufvnf; a&mufawmhr,f? usKyfwdkU tdrfvdkufNyD; tusdK;taMumif; ajymprf;ygOD;Asm?
onfypönf;awG b,fyHk&vdkU OD;xGef;ausmfESifh cifAsm;ESihf b,fyHk t½Iyft&Sif; &SdMuw,fqdkwm Mum;prf;yg&apAsm/
usKyfu ykvdyf r[kwfygbl;As}
oD;/ /]ajymcsifvSacs&JUAsm? uRefawmfuvnf; tifrwef ajymcsifygw,f? odkUaomf uRefawmf vdkufcGifh&yghrvm;}
&S m;/ /]&ygw,fAsm? udpör&Sdygbl;? usKyf ajymNyD;twdkif;Asaemf? udktkef;ckdif} [k ajymí tifpydwfawmftm;
MunfhvdkufavvQif tifpydwfawmfonf cGifhray;vdkaomfvnf; ajymrdonfh pum;jzpfojzifh
]aumif;ygNyDAsm? odkUaomf w,fBuD; rMumapESihfAsaemf} [k ajymav\/
xdktcg armifrdk;oD;u armifpH&Sm;tm;
]cifAsm; ykvdyfvnf; r[kwfbl; ajymw,f? usKyfemrnfvnf; cifAsm; odw,f? ykvdyfawGay:rSmvnf; MoZm&Sdw,f?
cifAsm; b,folvJAs} [kar;ojzifh armifpH&Sm;u ]usKyf armifpH&Sm;ygAs} [k ajymvQif xdkolvnf;
]aMomf usKyf Mum;zl;w,fAsdKU} ajymvsuf armifpH&Sm;udk csD;rGrf;aom rsufESmxm;ESifh Munfhum &Sdaeav\/
n 11 em&DtcsdefcefUwGif uRefawmfwdkU tdrfodkU qdkufa&mufMuavvQif ykvdyfESpfa,mufESihf tifpydwfawmfwdkUvnf;

twlwuG vdkufygvmMuonf jzpf&m armifpH&Sm;vnf; aumfzDESifh rHkUaowåmrsm;udk tm;vHk;tm; auR;arG;NyD;aemuf
pm;aomufNyD;MuvQif
&S m;/ /]udkif; udktkef;cdkif? aowåmBuD;zGifhprf;Asm? bmrsm;ygovJ Munfhprf;Mu&atmif}
yk vd yf om;/ /]aomhaum q&m}
ck dif/ /]armifrdk;oD; aomhay;vdkufuG,f}
oD;/ /]a&xJ csypfcJhNyD? ikwfacsayawmh}
ck dif/ /]w,fnpfwJh taumifudk;? uJ bdk;rSDwdkU twif; zGifhMua[h}
xdktcg ykvdyfESpfa,mufESifh uRefawmfwdkUonf oHaowåmudk acR;rsm;usatmif zGifhMu&m twefMumrS aowåmonf
½kwfw&uf yGifhoGm;í aowåmwGif;odkU iHkUum MunfhMuonfwGif ausmufoHywåjrm;[lí wpfckrQ r&Sdonftjzpfudk
awGU&Sd &av\/
xdktcg uRefawmfwdkUtm;vHk;wdkUvnf; armifrdk;oD;\ rsufESmudk wjyKdufeuf MunfhvdkufMu&m armifrdk;oD;rSm
&,farmvsuf &Sdonfudk awGUojzifh tifpydwfawmfu ]rif; b,fhES,fvkyfwmvJ a[htaumif}
oD;/ /]tHhMow,fAsm? ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm tyifyef;cHNyD; usKyfu onf ypönf;awGudk vufxJra&muf a&mufatmif
axmifraMumuf wef;vJ raMumuf BudK;vJ raMumufbJ vdkufNyD;vmcJh? vufxJa&mufumrS cifAsm;wdkUu 0ifNyD;
aESmuf,Sufwmrsm; usKyfu tvG,fwulESifh tyfvdrfhr,f xifMuovm;As/ cifAsm;wdkU armfawmfbkwfu usKyfwdkUukd
vdkufvdkU rvGwfrSef;vJ oda&m usKyfvnf; aowåmzGifhNyD; ausmufawG pdefawG wpfqkyfpD wpfqkyfpD jrpfxJ BuJypfcJh&?
toJawmif emvdkufygao;&JUAsm? &Smcsifvsif &SmMuayawmh wpfjrpfvHk;ESHUaewmyJ}
ck dif/ /(r,HkMunfvnf; r,HkMunf? pdwfvnf;ysufvSaom rsufESmxm;ESifh) ]rnmygESifhuG,f? rif;ypfcsifvQif
aowåmyg csypfcJha&maygh? rnmygESifhuG,f}
oD;/ /]aowåmyg cscJhvQif onfavmuf tbdk;xdkufwJh ypönf;awGudk cifAsm;wdkU ikyfNyD; prf;,lrSmayghAs? &½dk;vm;Asm/
cifAsm;wdkUavmuf yg;vdkU}
ck dif/ /(qkaiG r&rnfudk pdk;&drfojzifh trsufxGufaom rsufESmxm;ESifh) ]a[htaumif rif;vkyfyHk rw&m;bl;uG,f?
wu,fqdkawmh}
oD;/ /(xkdif&mrS xí rD;xGufrwwf &Sdaom rsufvHk;rsm;ESifh Munfhí) ]bmrw&m;ovJAs? bmrsm; rw&m;ovJAs?
usKyftouf usKyfpGefUNyD; &Smxm;wJh ypönf;udk olrsm; rpm;aomufapcsifvdkU usKyfvTifhypfwm usKyf bmrw&m;ovJ
As? onfypönf;rsm; olrsm;pm;&pf&r,fqdkvQif usKyftouf q,fjyeftaocHr,fAs? pm;jcif;pm;vQif usKyfom pm;r,f?
usKyfrpm;&vQif a&pm;ayapAs? vlpm;wm usKyfrMunfhEdkifbl;? em;vnfvm;} [k ajymvsuf trsufBuD;vSaom
rsufESmxm;ESihf &SdaeavvQif armifpH&Sm;vnf; xdkif&mrS xí xdkol\ ausmudk oyfvsuf
]udkif; udkif; [kwfygNyDav? odkUaomf cifAsm; tjzpftysufvJ usKyfwdkU Mum;&atmif jyefajymOD;rSayghAs/
Mum;yg&apOD;Asm? usKyfwdkUvJ}
oD;/ /]cifAsm;wpfa,mufjzifh awmfawmf&Sdw,f? cifAsm; Mum;csifvQifjzifh usKyf ajym&wmaygh} [k ajymí
armifrdk;oD;onf trsufajyvsuf aq;wpfvdyfudk rD;ñdSum aomufNyD;vQif atmufygtwdkif; jyefajymav\/
]onfvdkygAsm? usKyfu txufcsif;wGif; [kr®vif;NrdKUom;As? i,fuwnf;u trdrsm; tzrsm;udk awmfawmf 'ku©ay;
cJhwJh taumifuav;ayghAsm? tvkyfvJrvkyfcsifbl;? tdrfrSmvJ ulazmfavmifzuf r&bl;? Muufwkduf? zJ½dkuf? xef;&nf
aomuf EGm;cdk;? wu,fhvlqdk; vkyfaecJhwmayghav? [kde,frSmawmh rdk;oD;wdkU rdk;aygufwkdU qdkvQif vlwdkif; aMumufMu
a&TOa'gif;
&wmudk;As? onfvdkESihf qdk;qdk;ayay avavvGifhvGifhESifhaecJh? vGefcJhwJh ppfBuD;twGif;rSm ppfrIxrf;zdkU tpdk;&u vltpk

rSm &GmuvJwGef;? olBuD;uvJ wGef;? NrdKUtkyfuvJ wGef;? 0kdif;NyD; wGef;Muavawmh usKyfvJyJ e,frSm MumMum aevQif
cufacs&JUvdkU ppfxJvdkufrdcJhwmudk;As? vdkufNyD; ppfajrjyifrSmtrIxrf;NyD;aewkef; jzpfcsifawmh wpfnrSm usKyfESifh
ukvm; oHk;a,mufESifh wGJNyD; uif;apmifhMuwmudk;As}
&S m;/ /]ukvm;oHk;a,muf trnfu rmrufqif? 0g[pfcef? ewifqifwJh r[kwfvm;}
oD;/ /]tppfyJ? cifAsm; b,fhES,fodovJ? aMomf [kwfayw,f? cifAsm;u udkpH&Sm;ayudk;As? 'gESifh onfnu
onfvdkAs? uif;apmifhawmhm onftem;u av;a,mufwpfpk? NyD;awmh udkufoHk;&m cGmNyD; [dktem;u
av;a,mufwpfpk? wJuav;awGESifh wpfpk wpfpk apmifhMuwmudk;As? av;a,mufteuf ESpfa,mufu em;NyD;aevQif
ESpfa,mufu aoewfxrf;NyD; wJa&SUu acgufwHkUacgufjyef vrf;avQmufMuwmudk;As? wl&uD ppfwyfuvJ usKyfwdkU
ESifh ra0;vSbl;As? ac:vdkufvQif Mum;&rwwfbJ? 'gESifh nq,fem&DausmfausmfavmufrSm uRefawmfESifh ukvm;
wpfa,mufESihf acgufwHkUacgufjyef avQmufMuvdkU wJa&SUrSm qHkMuNyD; vGeftoGm;rSm uRefawmfh ycHk;udk jzKef;ceJqdk
aemufuae qGJwJhNyD; oJay:rSm vSJvdkufyga&mAs? vSJvdkufvdkU uRefawmfvnf; yufvufuav; vSefNyD;aewkef;
uRefawmfhtazmf ukvm;oHk;a,mufu uRefawmfh tem;rSm wpfa,mufu yg;pyfudk vufESifhydwf? wpfa,mufu
vufESpfzufcsKyfxm;? wpfa,mufu aoewfatmfvefcRefESifh uRefawmfh&if awhwJhNyD; ]rma';*g;} wJh ajymwmudk;cifAs/
va&mifuvJ tifrwef aumif;avawmh atmfvefukvm; rsufESmudk jrifvdkuf&? olUrsufESmxm; Munfh&wm
wu,fhudk uRefawmfh ]rma';*g;} r,fh vu©PmyJ cifAs? onfawmh uRefawmfvnf; ukvm;pum; enf;enf;yg;yg;
wwfwmESifh atmfvQifjzifh owfacs&JUvdkU NidrfNidrfuav; aevdkufygawmh? ckeifu atmfvefcRefESifh ukvm;u olwdkU
tBuHudk uRefawmfvkdufvQif uRefawmfrSm aiGrsm;rsm;BuD; &r,fwJh? rvdkufvQifjzifh ckcsufjcif; owfNyD; oJxJrSm
jr§Kyfypfvdkufr,fwJh ajymwmudk;cifAs? onfawmh uRefawmfvnf; aiG&rSmudk onfavmuf rufarmvdkU r[kwfygbl;?
toufuav;wpfacsmif; ESajrmwmESifh? r&,fygESifhAsmwdkU? vltbdk;rwefayr,fh udk,hf toufawmh
ukd,fESajrmao;wmudk;As}
&S m;/ /] 'gaMumifh &,fwm r[kwfygbl;Asm? ajymomajymyg}
oD;/ /]onfawmhrS uRefawmfu tusdK;taMumif;ar;awmh olwdkUu awmfawmfMumvQif wl&uDppfwyfbufu
ukvm;olaX;wpfa,muf vmvdrfhr,fwJh? vmwJhtcgrSm olwdkU b,fhES,fyJvkyfvkyf? uRefawmfu tomuav;
Munfhae&r,fwJh? NyD;awmhum &p&m&SdwJh aiGudk uRefawmfwdkU av;a,muf tnDtrQ cGJa0NyD; ,lMur,fwJh ajymwmudk;
cifAs? onfawmh uRefawmfu e*dkuvJ cyfrdkufrdkuf[mrdkU aiG&rJh vrf;qdkawmh olwdkUtBuHudk vdkufzdkU
oabmwlrdwmudk; cifAs? 'gESifh oabmwlNyD;awmh uRefawmfwdkUvnf; tajcrysuf aoewfxrf;NyD;
vrf;avQmufaecJhMu? 11 em&Dxdk;vdkUvJ ray:vm? 12 em&Dxdk;vdkUvJ b,folrS ray:vm? em&Djyefwpfcsuf? ESpfcsuf?
oHk;csuf xdk;oGm;awmh uRefawmfh ukvm;awGu vmrS vmygrvm;vdkU aerxd? xdkifrxd jzpfukefMuwmudk;cifAs? 'gESihf
uRefawmfwdkUvnf; vl;vmcyfNyD; aeMuwkef; jzKef;ceJqdk oHk;em&DcGJausmfausmfavmufrSm avcRefoH wpfcsuf cyfwdk;wdk;
Mum;vdkuf&wmudk; cifAs? onfawmh ukvm;awGu ]tmwm;? tmwm;}ESifh yg;pyfu &GwfNyD; NidrfaeMu?
awmfawmfuav;Mumawmh ukvm; vlykuav;wpfa,muf a[m[dku oHaowåmudkifwJhNyD; wJxJ ajy;0ifvmwmudk;
cifAs? ukvm;rsufESm Munfh&wmu aMumufyHk&vdkufwm cifAsm? wpfoufrSm onfavmufaMumufwJhvl uRefawmfjzifh
wpfcgrS rawGUbl;ygbl; cifAsm? 'gESifh ukvm;awGu 'Dukvm;udk wJxJac: oGm;? wJxJa&mufawmh olwdkU ukvm;udk
pD&ifMur,fvdkU BuHMuwmudk;cifAs? uRefawmfawmh 0wå&m;rysuf wJjyifu pef'vD apmifhaewmudk; cifAs? 'gESihf
wJxJrSm 15 rdepfavmuf wdk;wdk;ESifh ajymNyD; awmfawmfMumawmh ckeifu ukvm;vlykuav;u tvefUwMum;ESihf
wJjyif xGufajy;vmyga&m cifAs? ukvm;vlykav;u ykyk00uav;ESihf ajy;vmvdkufwm cifAsm? ajcwHu wkdayrJh
ajcEIwfu oGufavawmh jreffvdkufwm cifAsm? aemufu ajcwH&SnfBuD;ESihf ukvm;u "m;udkifNyD; vdkufvmwm
rrDEdkifbl; cifAs? vuvJ omavawmh va&mifrSm ukvm;ykuav;[m toufab; aMumuf&SmvGef;vdkU
zkwfvdIufzkwfvdIufESifh uRefawmfhqD ajy;vm&Smwm? uRefawmfjzifh tckawmif rsufpdxJ jrifrdygao;&JU cifAsm? 'gESifh
uRefawmfhtem;vJ a&mufua&m uRefawmfu ukvm;uav;udk oem;aomfvnf; olUypönf; vdkcsifwmwpfaMumif;

wu,fvdkU olvGwfNyD;ajy;ae&ifvJ uRefawmfyg 'ku©a&muf&rSm jrifwmuwpfaMumif;aMumifh olUtoufudk riJhñSm
EdkifbJ uRefawmfxrf;NyD; avQmufaewJh aoewfESifh olUajcaxmufwdkuav; ESpfacsmif;Mum; uefUvefUNyD; vSJvdkufwm
ukvm;uav;vnf; tGwfceJqdk ajrBuD;ay: vdrfhoGm;&Smyga&m cifAs? 'Dvdk vdrfhoGm;onfESifh wjyKdifeuf olUaemufu
"m;ukdifNyD;vdkufvmwJh ukvm;u oJay:rSm'l;axmufwJhNyD; ukvm;yk&if0udk "m;ESifh pdkufvdkufwm wpfcsufrS ratmfEdkif
&Smbl;? ukvm;ykuav; toufxGuf&Smyga&m cifAsm? onfawmh uRefawmfwdkU av;OD;om; wJxJrSm wGif;wl;NyD;
ukvm;ykuav; tavmif;udk jr§Kyf? jr§KyfNyD; wJxJu olUoHaowåmudk zGifhMunfhMuwmudk;cifAs? zGifhvdkufawmh cifAsm
va&mifrSm vSvdkufwJh ausmufoHywåjrm;awG tifrweft&nfaumif;wmudk;cifAs? uRefawmfjzifh onfausmufrsdK;awG
jrifvnf; rjrifzl;bl;? Mum;vnf; rMum;zl;bl; cifAsm? ig;&wDavmufpD&SdwJh pdefBuD;awGu 37 vHk; cifAs? ausmufeDu
21 vHk;cifAs? jru 39 vHk;cifAs? ykvJu 97 vHk;cifAs? onfhjyif ausmufawG uRefawmfrjrifbl;wJh ausmufqef;awG
qdkwmawmh rGaewmyJ cifAs? 'gESihf uRefawmfwdkU ausmufawG wpfvHk;pD wpfvHk;pD oa&rsm;usatmif udkifMunfhMuNyD;?
b,f[mu b,fESpfvHk;qdkwm pm&if;rSwf? rSwfNyD; aowåmxJ jyefxnfhMuwmudk; cifAs? 'gESifh reufrdk;vif;yga&m
cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]aeygOD;As? onfukvm;ykuav;u bmudpö vmwmwJhwHk;}
oD;/ /]onfukvm;ykuav;u ausmufukefonfwJh cifAs/ oJuEåm&xJ c&D;oGm;&mrSm "m;jyawGwdkufvdkU vlpkuGJNyD;
xGufrdxGuf&m xGufajy;vdkU wl&uDppfwyfxJ a&mufoGm;owJh cifAs? a&mufawmh wl&uDppfAdkvfu olUrSm ypönf;awG
ygwm &dyfrdavawmh BuHpnfr,f vkyfavawmh olu rouFmwmESifh t*Fvdyfppfwyfbuf ul;vmcJh&SmwmyJ cifAs?
uRefawmfhukvm;wpfa,mufESifhaeUcif;uawGUvdkU olwdkUpDrHNyD;xifyg&JUcifAsm? onfawmh uRefawmfhukvm;u ]t*Fvdyf
ppfAdkvfrsm;[m tifrwef w&m;ojzifh &SdaMumif;? &efoljynfom;jzpfaomfvnf; ppfom; r[kwfbl;qdkvQif b,fvdkrS
rvkyfwwfaMumif;? ypönf;rsm;ygvQifvnf; pdk;&drfzdkUr&SdaMumif; bmaMumif;ESifh ajymNyD; aeUcif;uwnf;u
ESL;xm;NyD;om; qdkudk;cifAs}
uRefawmf/ /]usm;aMumufvdkU &SifBuD;udk; &SifBuD; usm;xufqdk;qdkwmrsdK; usaewmudk; cifAs}
oD;/ /][kwfyg&JUAsm? 'gESifh reufrdk;vif;awmh uRefawmfwdkUvnf; pcef;ajymif;&yga&m cifAsm? ajymif;&awmh ckeifu
oHaowåmudk uRefawmfwdkU ypönf;uav;awGxJ 0SufNyD; ,loGm;Muwmudk;cifAs? onfawmhum olwdkU ukvm;wyfESifh
uRefawmfwdkU jrefrmwyfESifh uGJoGm;yga&m cifAsm? uGJayr,fh wyfom uGJw,f? olwdkU wyfa&m uRefawmfwdkU wyfa&m
udkif½dkNrdKU a&mufMuudk; cifAs? onftwGif;rSm ukvm;awGu ypönf;awGudk uRefawmf vufxJrSm xm;w,f? aomhawmh
olwdkU ,lxm;w,f cifAs? 'gESifh udkif½dkNrdKUvJ a&mufyga&m? uRefawmfvnf; ypönf;awG xdef;odrf;&wm 0efav;wmESifh
av;a,mufom; oabmwl? yvDysufBuD; wpfckxJ oGm;NyD; jr§KyfMuwmudk; cifAs? jr§KyfNyD; jr§KyfwJhae&mESifh bmESifh
aoaocsmcsm yHkpHawG bmawG qGJNyD; wpfa,muf wpfckpD ,lxm;Muwmudk; cifAs? ,lxm;NyD; uRefawmfwdkU
av;OD;om;? wpfOD;udk wpfOD; rjypfrSm;ygbl;? wpfa,mufwnf; aumif;pm;zdkU b,ftcgrS rBuHpnfygbl;&,fvdkU
opöma& trsdK;rsdK; aomufMu&wmudk; cifAs? onfvdkvJ 0SufNyD;a&m bmrS rajymESifh aemufwpfaeUrSmyJ uRefawmfwdkU
zrf;yga&m cifAsm? zrf;yHku onfvdkwJh cifAsm? wl&uDppfAdkvfBuD;u olUppfwyfu {nfhonfolaX;wpfOD;
aysmufoGm;aMumif; aysmufoGm;NyD;wJhaemuf b,ftcsdef b,fESpfem&DrSm t*FvdyfppfwyfxJu b,fwJudk 0ifNyD;
oGm;aMumif; jrifvdkufwJh oufaoESifhwuG pma&;NyD; wkdifwef;wmudk; cifAs? wdkifwef;awmh uRefawmfwdkU pcef;cswJh
ae&mrSm wl;azmfNyD; &Smawmh ukvm;ykuav; tavmif;udk awGUwmudk; cifAs? onfawmh uRefawmfwdkU av;OD;om;udk
zrf;NyD;ppf? ppfawmh uRefawmfwdkUu uG,f? uG,fayr,fh tavmif;BuD;u xif&Sm;aeavawmh jypfrI xif&Sm;vdkU
wpfuRef;udk q,fESpfpD uscHap&ef pD&ifcsuf csvdkufwmudk;cifAs? csvdkufNyD;wJhaemuf *sr'gESpfa,mufESifh
ppfom;av;a,muf apmifhMuyfNyD; uRefawmfwdkU av;OD;udk oabFmESifh wifNyD; wpfuRef;ydkUvdkufwmudk; cifAs} [k
ajymNyD;vQif armifrdk;oD;vnf; aq;vdyfudk awmif;í rD;ñdSNyD;aemuf qufvufí ajymjyefonfrSm
a&TOa'gif;
]'gESifh oabFmay:vdkufoGm;Muawmh...}
ck dif/ /]aeygOD;? ypönf;awGawmh razmfbl;vm;}
oD;/ /]b,fu azmfrvJAsm? azmfayr,fh vGwfrSmrS r[kwfbJ? 10 ESpf axmifuscHNyD; vGwfwJhaeUusrS azmf,lNyD;
aysmfaysmfBuD;aeMur,fvdkU tm;cJxm;ESihfMuwmudk; cifAs}
&S m;/ /]tif; [kwfygNyD? qdkygOD;}
oD;/ /]'gESifh oabFmay:a&mufawmh uRefawmfwdkU apmihfMuyfwJh *sr'g ESpfa,mufu onfhjyif oabFmpD;rsm;ESihf
zJ½dkufMuwmudk;cifAs? uRefawmfwdkUawmhjzifh rjrif&ygbl;? aemufrS od&ygw,f? odyHkuawmh onfvdkcifAs?
wpfn[mawmh uRefawmfu tdkuftdkuf&SdwmESifh oabFmukef;ywfay:rSm wufNyD; avñSif;cH&if;}
ck dif/ /]rif;wdkU xGufzdkU tcGifh&ovm;}
oD;/ /]oHajcusOf; ESpfqifh cyfvsufyg cifAsm? onfhtay: a&v,facgifBuD;rSm bmwwfEdkifrSmwkef;? 'gESifh uRefawmf
wpfa,mufxJ wpfaxmifhrSm ukyfNyD; vuav; Munfh&if; udk,fhwdkif;jynf udk,fvGrf;qGwfNyD; aewkef;
vlESpfa,mufvmwm OD;xGef;ausmfESifh OD;om[efwdkUukd; cifAsm? uRefawmfhudk olwdkU rjrifbl;? rjrifawmh
olwdkUESpfa,muf ukef;ywfay:rSm pBuøavQmuf&if pum;ajymaeMuwmudk;cifAs/ onfawmh OD;xGef;ausmfu
]usKyfawmh cufNyDAsm? ygorQaiGvnf; ukefNyD? ukefwJhtjyif aMuG; 500d avmufawmif [dktaumifhqD wifaeNyDAs?
cifAsm; odw,f r[kwfvm;? onfaiGudk oabFm rqdkufcif qyfvQifqyf? rqyfvQif qdkif&mudk wdkifwef;r,fwJhAs?
usKyfrSm qyfp&mvnf; r&Sdbl;? usKyfawmh &Sufw,f? aoawmhr,f? b,fawmhrS rrdkufcJhbl;ESifh}
OD;om[ef/ /]r[kwfwmAsm? onfavmufESifh bmudpö &Sd&rSmwkef;? usKyfqDu vSnfhwmaygh? eufjzefusvsif
aumfcsifaumfrSmyg}
OD;xGef;ausmf / /]udkif; eufjzefwpfaeU aumfvQifaumf? raumfvQifawmh usKyf vlUjynfrSm raeawmhbl;? usKyfom;awG
usKyf&SufvSw,fAsm} vdkU ajymNyD; olwdkU ESpfa,muf xGufoGm;wmudk; cifAs? onfawmh uRefawmfhrSm olwdkU
ESpfa,muf ajymwJh pum;Mum;NyD; tBuHay:NyD; usef&pfcJhwmudk; cifAs? 'gESifh eufjzefusawmh raeUu tcsdefrSm
raeUu ae&mem; uRefawmfoGm;NyD; apmifhaejyefwmudk;cifAs? aejyefawmh awmfawmfMumawmh OD;xGef;ausmf
wpfa,mufxJ aygufvmwJhNyD; ukef;ywfay: pBuøavQmuf&if; tifrwef pdwf½IyfwJh trlt&mESifh aq;vdyfBuD;
w0if;0if;ESifh zGmaewmudk;cifAs? onfawmh uRefawmfu tem;uyfwJhNyD;
]OD;xGef;ausmf cifAsm? uRefawmf pum;uav; wpfcGef;ESpfcGef; wdkifyifyg&ap cifAsm} vdkU ajymawmh olu
]b,folvJa[h armifrdk;oD;vm;? bmudpövJ} wJh? onfawmh uRefawmfu uRefawmfhrSm ypönf;Opömrsm;pGm
jr§KyfESHxm;&SdaMumif;? onfypönf;rsm; qdkif&mudk tyfESH&vQif wpfuRef;uszdkU ESpfrsm;avsmhayghrnf xifaMumif;ESifh
prf;NyD; uRefawmfu ajymMunfhwmudk; cifAs? onfawmh olu ]rif;ypönf;awGu tzdk;b,favmuf wefovJuGJU} wJh?
onfawmh uRefawmfu ]tenf;qHk; ig;odef;zdk;avmuf &Sdvdrfhr,fcifAsm} vdkUajymawmh olu ]aMomf ig odNyD?
onftrIu &wJh ypönf;awGvm;} wJh? onfawmh uRefawmfu ][kwfw,fq&m} vdkUajymawmh olu ]aeygOD;uG,f
b,ft&mrsdK;rqdk pOf;pOf;pm;pm;vkyfyg? tpdk;&udk jyeftyfvdkUvJ rif;rSm tusdK;&SdcsifrS &SdrSmuGJU? ra&&mbl;? onfawmh
[kwfvm;? r[kwfvm; igod&atmif rif;wdkU tjzpftysufawG jyefajymprf;ygOD;uG,f} vdkU ajymwmudk; cifAs/
]ajymawmh uRefawmfu tjzpftysufudk tukeftpif jyefajym? ajymayr,fh ypönf;jr§Kyfxm;wJhae&mawmh uRefawmf
rajymbl;aygh cifAsm? 'gESifh uRefawmf ajymwmawG olem;axmifNyD; twefMumatmif pOf;pm;? pOf;pm;NyD;awmh olu
]aeOD; rif;Opöm igwpfa,mufxJawmh rBuHwwfbl;? OD;om[ef ac:acsOD;r,f} qdkNyD; awmfawmfMumawmh OD;om[ef
qdkol ac:vmwmudk; cifAs? ac:vmawmh uRefawmfu ckeifutwdkif; wpfcg jyefNyD; tusdK;taMumif;udk tajymckdif;
vdkU ajym&jyefyga&m cifAs? ajymNyD;wJhaemuf OD;xGef;ausmfu ]udkif; rif;Opöm tpdk;&ESifh qdkifwJh udpör[kwfbl;?
tpdk;&udk rtyfavESifh? igwdkU wwfEdkifoavmuf ulnDr,f? b,fvdkrsm; rif;u ulnDapcsifovJ? ulnDNyD; igwdkUudk
rif; b,favmufay;rvJ} vdkU ar;wmudk; cifAs? onfawmh uRefawmfu uRefawmfESifhwuG uRefawmf rdwfaqG
oHk;a,mufudk vGwfajrmufatmif ulnDyg? ulnDNyD;wJhaemuf ypönf;awGudk tnDtrQ cGJa0NyD; ,lygr,fvdkU
ajymwmudk;cifAs/
]onfawmh olu ]vGwfajrmufzkdU ulnDwmawmh [kwfygNyDuG,f? odkUaomf ckcsufjcif; rif;wdkUudk vGwfatmifawmh
igwdkUvJ rwwfEdkifbl;uGJU} wJh? onfawmh uRefawmfu ]ckcsufjcif; bm[kwfrvJ cifAsm? uRefawmf enf;enf;
ajymygr,f? wpfuRef;a&mufawmh tusOf;orm;rsm;[m onfhjyifaxmifrsm;rSmvdk tifrwef usOf;usOf;usyfusyfBuD;
r&Sd? acsmifacsmifcsdcsd tcsdefESifh oGm;cGifh vmcGifh &w,fqdk? [kwfuJh r[kwfvm;} vdkU ar;awmh OD;xGef;ausmfu
]igwdkUvJ onfvdkyJ Mum;zl;w,f} wJh cifAs? onfawmh uRefawmfu ]aumif;NyD? onfawmhum cifAsm;wkdUu
b*Fvm;qD? rm'&yfqDu &GufavSuav;wpfck0,f? 0,fNyD; pm;eyf&du©mawG uRefawmfwdkU av;a,muftwGuf
jynfhpHkatmif wifcJh? wifcJhNyD;aemuf wpfuRef;u qdyfurf;wpfckrSm vmNyD; uyf? onfawmh uRefawmfwdkU av;a,muf
ntcg qif;vmNyD; xGufajy;Mur,f? ukdif; b,fhES,fvJAsm} vdkU ar;awmh OD;xGef;ausmfu ][kwfawmh [kwfygNyDuG,f?
rjzpfEkdifp&mvJ r&Sdygbl;? odkUaomf rif;ajymwJhtwdkif; rSef rrSefudkig a&S;OD;pGm pHkprf;Munfh&vdrfhr,f? pHkprf;MunfhvdkU
rif;ajymwJh twdkif; ypönf;awG awGUvdkU &SdvQif rif;tBuHtwdkif; igwdkUvdkufemr,f} vdkUajymwmudk;cifAs/
]onfawmh uRefawmfu uRefawmfhtusOf;orm; ukvm;tazmf oHk;a,mufudk wdkifyifyg&apOD; qdkNyD; wdkifyif?
wdkifyifawmh aemufqHk;usawmh olwdkUuvJ oabmwl&SmMuwmygyJ cifAs? onfawmh uRefawmfwdkU b,fhES,f
vkyfovJ? ypönf;0Sufxm;&m t&yf\ ajryHkudk ul;? ul;NyD; olwdkUudkay;? ay;NyD; OD;xGef;ausmfu wpfuRef;a&mufawmh
cGifhcHNyD; oGm;Munfh? MunfhvdkU wu,f&SdvdkUvQif uRefawmf ajymwJhtwdkif; avSuav;wpfck iSm;NyD; pm;a&&du©mESifh
tjynfhtpHkvmzkdUudk; cifAs? 'gESifh onftBuHtwdkif; ajcmufOD;om; oabmwl opöma&aomufMujyefyga&m cifAsm? uJ
wdkwdk ajymawmhr,f? wpfuRef;a&mufyga&m cifAsm? a&mufawmh OD;xGef;ausmfu cGifhcHNyD; OpömMunfh&,fvdkU oGm;yga&m
cifAsm? oGm;vdkufwm ray:vmbl;cifAs? ray:vmawmh aemufawmh OD;om[efqD pm&owJh? oljzifh rusef;rmvdkU
cGifhcHNyD; jrefrmjynfjyefoGm;NyDwJh? uRefawmfhudkawmif pmjyao;w,f? aemufawmhOD;om[efvJjyefoGm;a&m? uRefawmf
wdkUrSm wpfuRef;tzwfwifNyD; ypönf;vJqHk;? vlvJ rvGwfESifh rGwfNyD;usef&pfcJhwmudk;cifAs? onfawmh uRefawmfh
pdwfxJ b,fES,fjzpfovJ? {uEå OD;xGef;ausmfqdkwJh taumif uRefawmfwdkUudk ESyfwmyJ? onfawmh wpfoufrSm
olUtay: vufpm;racs&vQif raebl;qdkNyD; vGwfaMumif;csnf;yJ BuHpnfcJhwmudk; cifAs? onftcgusawmh uRefawmf
rSm ypönf;vdkcsifvdkU onfavmufr[kwfygbl;cifAs? vludk vufpm;acscsifwJh pdwfavmufyJ &Sdygawmhw,f? onfvdkESihf
vGwf&mvGwfaMumif; BuHpnfNyD;aecJh? wpfvxufwpfv wpfESpfxufwpfESpf ul;NyD;omvmcJh? tBuHudkyJ txrajrmuf
cJhygbl; cifAsm? onfvdk&Sdaewkef; wpfaeUoüawmh wpfuRef;u vl½dkif;uav; wpfa,muf awmpyfrSm zsm;NyD;vJae?
uRefawmfvnf; aq;uav;0g;uav; 0goemygwmESifh ukoay;cJh? aysmufoGm;&Smwmudk;cifAs? onfawmh onf
t½dkif;uav;u uRefawmfhudk tifrwef aus;Zl;wifNyD; b,ftcgrS rcGmbl;? aemufu waumufaumuf vdkufae
wmudk;cifAs? aMomf 'gxuf ajym&OD;r,f? uRefawmfh ajcaxmuf[m tpu taumif;ygcifAsm? wpfuRef;
a&mufwJhaeUrSmrS opfvHk;zdrdvdkU aq;½HkwufNyD; ajcjzwfypf&vdkU opfom;ajcaxmuf wyfxm;&ygw,f? 'gESifh ckeifu
vl½dkif;uav;u uRefawmfhudk tifrwef cspfcifNyD; aeUa&mnOfhyg twlwuG aeavawmh uRefawmfvJ olwdkU bmom
pum;rsm; wwfNyD; wpfaeUoüawmh uRefawmfu xGufajy;csifwJhtaMumif;rsm; wdkifyifMunfhwmudk;cifAs/ onfawmh
olu olUrSm avSwpfpD;&Sdw,fwJh? onfavSay:rSm tkef;oD;awG? bmawG pm;p&mawG rsm;rsm;0SufxnfhNyD; qdyfurf;u
csHKwpfckrSm 0SufNyD;xm;r,fwJh? tcGifhomwJh tcgrSm xGufNyD;ajy;vQif olvnf;vdkufygr,fwJh ajymwmudk;cifAs/
]onfawmh uRefawmfvJ olUtBuHtwdkif;vdkufNyD; wpfnrSm wpfuRef;u q&mwynfhESpfa,muf xGufajy;vmcJhwmudk;
cifAs? vrf;c&D;rSm a&mufvdkufwJh'ku©qdkwmawmh rajymygeJUawmhcifAs? ao&oavmufrS raumif;ygbl;? onfvdkESifh
wpfvavmuf 'ku©cHNyD; uHtm;avQmfpGm puFmyla&muf? tJ'DrSm ydkufqHav; bmuav; ulvDvkyf&SmNyD;rS &efukefudk
oabFmESifh jyefcJhwmudk;cifAs? &efukefa&mufawmh OD;xGef;ausmfaewJh t&yfudk&Sm/ &SmvdkU awGUa&m? awGUawmh olu
a&TOa'gif;
tifrwefowdESifhaeavawmh olUtoufjzKwfzdkU BuHvdkUudkr&bl;cifAs? onfvdkESifhaewkef; wpfaeUoü ol tonf;

toef jzpfaew,fvdkUMum;a&m? Mum;vdkU olUtdrf0if;xJ reJBuHNyD; 0ifoGm;ygw,f? uRefawmfvJ a&mufua&m olvJ
toufaysmufyga&mcifAsm? onfnu uRefawmf0ifNyD; tdrfaxmifrIypönf;awGbmawG arTaESmufNyD; &Smao;w,f?
&SmaywJh rawGUbl;As? rawGUvdkU tavmif;rSm pmawmif uyfxm;ao;w,f? aemufawmh uRefawmf olUom;rsm;
awGUavovm;vdkU owif;em;cHNyD;ae? olwdkUvJ rawGUbl;wJh cifAs? awGUr,fhawGUawmh rsufESmMuufay:rSm oGm;NyD;
awGUowJh? awGUaMumif;vJ uRefawmfMum;a&m? uRefawmfh wynfhESifh uRefawmfESihf ESpfa,muf oGm;wJhNyD; olUcg;rSm
BudK;csnfvTwfvdkufw,f? wufoGm;vdkufwJhtaumif cifAsm? wu,fharsmufusaewmyJ? 'gESifh trdk;ay:u taygufu
olqif;? qif;awmh bdk;&GJu uHqdk;csifawmh tcef;xJrSm &Sdae&Smwmudk; cifAs? 'gESifh olUqdyfvl;jrm;ql;ESifh
rIwfvdkufwm yGJjcif;NyD;&Smyga&m cifAsm? aemufNyD;awmhrS uRefawmfu jywif;aygufu olcsay;wJh BudK;ESifh wG,fNyD;
wuf? wufvmawmh bdk;&GJ aoESifh&SmNyD? onfawmh rwwfEdkifygbl;vdkU aumifuav; em;o,f wpfcsufESpfcsuf
ykwfNyD; oHaowåmudkcs? aomhudk bdk;&GJtavmif;u ,l? ,lNyD; oHaowåmudk BudK;ESifh jywif;aygufu avQmcsNyD;
uRefawmfqif;? qif;NyD; wynfhausmfudk ajc&mvuf&m rusef&pfatmifvdkU jywif;wHcg; tydwfckdif;NyD; vmwJhvrf;u
jyefqif;apcJhwmudk;? 'gygyJ cifAsm? r&Sif;wm &Sd&if ar;ygawmh}
&S m;/ /]onfuaeUn bmvkyfr,fvdkU armfawmfbkwfESifh ul;ovJ}
oD;/ /]aMomf onfvdk cifAs? onfavmufrsm;wJh ywåjrm;awGudk onfjynfrSm a&mif;vQif uRefawmfhyHkyef;ESifh
b,folurS ,HkMunfrSm r[kwfavawmh eufjzefxGufr,fh oabFmESifh b*Fvm;vdkufr,fvdkU cifAs}
&S m;/ /]aMomf [kwfvm;? NyD;awmh usKyf qdyfvl;jrm;tdwfuav; wpfck awGUw,f? jrm;awGvJ awGUw,f? onf[m
awGUawmh cifAsm; wynfhausmfrSm ypfp&m jrm; r&Sdbl; rSwfw,f/ onfuaeUnawmh armfawmfbkwfay:uaeNyD;
usKyfwdkUudk ypfao;oudk;As? b,fu &ovJ}
oD;/ /]jrm;awG tukef usae&pfw,f? ajymif;wHrSm xnfhxm;wJh jrm;ql;wH wpfacsmif;yJ usefw,f}
&S m;/ /]aMomf [kwfuJhvm;? onf[m usKyf rwGufrdbl;AsdKU} [k ajymvQif tifpydwfawmf OD;tkef;cdkifvnf; xdkif&mrS
xí
]udkif; OD;pH&Sm;? awmfawmfvJ tcsdefvifhoGm;NyD? ar;p&m ukefavmufNyD rSwfw,f? usKyfwdkU jyefyg&apAsm? cGifhjyKyg/
armifrdk;oD; rdwmawmh cifAsm; aus;Zl;ayyJ? odkUaomf qkaiGawmhjzihf w,fBuD; &zdkU rjrifbl;AsdKU? ywåjrm;awGvJ
qHk;&Smayaygh? udkif; ar;p&m&Sdao;ovm;}
&S m;/ /]r&Sdygbl;Asm? nOfhvJeufygNyD? jyefMuygawmh}
¤if;aemuf tifpydwfawmfESifh ykvdyfESpfa,mufwdkUvnf; w&m;cHudk ac:í wdkufay:rS qif;oGm;Mu&m uRefawmfrSmrl
¤if;trIwGif a&S;OD;pGm trI&Sif jzpfaom q&mr rESif;ñGefUuav;\ qHk;yg;aom ypönf;b@mrsm;taMumif;udk
pOf;pm;pdwful;vsuf ypönf;yif r&Sdaomfvnf; ¤if;\ tay:ü jzpfay:rdaom arwåmpdwfonf wdk;í wdk;í omvQif
vmcJhonf jzpfaomaMumifh ¤if;\rsufESmuav;udk wa&;a&; xifjrifvsuf &SdpOf armifpH&Sm;u ]ypönf;qHk;ayrJh
oli,fruav;u w,fNyD; rdef;r yD&SmaywmuyJAsm} [k cyfjyKH;jyKH; ajymvdkufojzifh uRefawmfrSm tBuHudk
odoGm;ojzifh rsufESmylylESifh tdyfcef;odkU 0if&av\/
NyD;ygNyD
______
2/ armifpH&Sm;onf tb,faMumifh vlysdKBuD;vkyfí aeygoenf;

aEG&moDtul;jzpfojzifh yljyif;aom aEGtcgü naecif;tcsdefwGif uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wdkUonf oHk;xyfwdkuf
trdk;ay: odkU wufMuNyD;vQif yufvufukvm;xdkif wpfckpDESifh avñSif;cHvsuf &SdMupOf Owk&moDtaMumif;rSpí
a&mufwwf&m&m axG&mav;yg;pum;wdkUudk ajymqdkvsuf &SdMu&m aemufqHk;ü rdef;rtaMumif;ESifh ywfoufí
tdrfaxmif&ufom; jyK&jcif;\ tusdK;tjypfwdkUudk wpfa,mufwpfcGef; xifjrifcsufay;vsuf &SdMuav\/
uRefawmf/ /]'ku©rsm;wmawmh [kwfw,f udkpH&Sm;&JU? EdkUayr,fh cifAsm;vnf; touf av;q,fausmfvdkU ig;q,f
csOf;vmawmh tdkrif;rpGrf; &SdwJhtcgrSm ausmaxmuf aemufcH qdkwmvdkU om;orD; wpfa,mufwpfav &Sdatmifawmh
tdrfaxmif&ufom; jyKOD;rS awmfr,f xifw,fAs}
&S m;/ /]om;orD; q,fa,muf &SdvdkU rdbrSm ausmaxmufaemufcH &wJh om;orD; b,fESpfa,muf ygr,f xifovJ?
om;orD; &SdwJh rdbawG wpf&m&SdwJh teufu ighrSm tm;udk;&wJh om;wpfa,muf &SdNyD? orD; wpfa,muf &SdNyDvdkU
&J&JBuD; pdwfcs&wJh rdb b,fESpfa,muf &Sdr,f xifovJ}
uRefawmf/ /]'gawmh t[kwfom;y? EdkUayr,fh oufBuD;&G,f&ifhjzpfwJh tcgusawmh udk,fhaoG; udk,hfom;xJu
wpfa,mufwpfav &Sdw,f qdkwm aumif;wmayghAs}
&S m;/ /]wefyg rdwfaqG? om;orD; vdkcsifvdkU rdef;r,lwJh vl&,fvdkU b,frSm Mum;zl;vdkUvJ? rdef;rudk cspfrd BudKufrdvdkU
,lMu&wm r[kwfbl;vm;As}
uRefawmf/ /]cifAsm;rSmawmh olwpfyg;vdk rdef;rwpfa,mufudk pwifNyD; cspfr,fh BudKufr,fh vlwpfa,muf r[kwfvdkU
wjcm;taMumif;jyNyD; wdkufwGef; &wmyAs}
&S m;/ /]rcspfbl;? rBudKufbl;&atmif cifAsm;u usKyfudk tmoa0g uif;aew,f rSwfvdkUvm;As}
uRefawmf/ /]EdkU cifAsm; cspfzl; BudKufzl;vdkUvm;As}
xdktcg armifpH&Sm;onf yufvuf ukvm;xdkifay:wGif yufvufvSefum xkdif&if; tvGefa0;uGmonfh t&yfodkU arQmfí
Munfhaeaom rsufESmxm;rsdK;ESifh twefMum pum;rajymbJ MunfhaeNyD;aemuf oufjyif;csvsuf
&S m;/ /]cifAsm;ESihf oduRrf;Muwm av;ig;ajcmufESpf&SdoGm;NyD? cifAsm;udk onftaMumif; usKyfwpfcgrS
rajymzl;ao;bl;? odkUaomf aeOD; usKyf jyOD;r,f} [k ajymNyD;vQif armifpH&Sm;onf wdkufrdk;ay:rS atmufodkU
qif;oGm;av\/ wpfcPrQMumaomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf "mwfyHk wpfckudk ukdifvsuf wufvmí
&S m;/ /]a&mh udkodef;armif? aoaocsmcsm Munfhprf;? onfrdef;rrsdK;udk cspfBudKufzl;wJh ol[m aemufxyfNyD; cspfEdkif
BudKufEdkifygOD;awmhrvm;Asm} [k ajymí "mwfyHkudk uRefawmhftm; ay;ojzifh uRefawmfonf "mwfyHkudk aocsmpGm
Munfh½I&m ½kwfw&uf pum;rajymEdkifbJ rsufvHk;rsm; jyL;vsuf &Sdaerdav\/ pifppfaomfum; rsm;pGmaom
rdef;rwdkUonf acsmMuyg\? vSMuyg\/ odkU&mwGif xdk"mwfyHkwGif yg&Sdaom rdef;rrSm omrntm;jzifh
acsmarmvSyjcif;xuf rdzk&m;ozG,f cHhx,fodkufíNrdKufpGm &Sdaom udk,f[ef taetxm;ESihf csdKat;Munfvif
tvGefvQif cspfcifzG,faumif;aom rsufESmxm;wdkUonf wpfOD;aomolü a&maESmvsuf &Sd&mum; wpfckaom
*kPfxl;onf wpfckaom *kPfxl;\ Muufoa&udk wdk;wufapvsuf ½IjrifolwdkU\ pdwfü zdkvdIuf tHhMozG,f&m
wpfckyif rSwfxif&ay\/ xdkxuf tHhMozG,f&mwpfckrSm xdkrdef;r\ rsufvHk;rsm; jzpfav&m ¤if;\ rsufvHk;wdkUrSm
txl;ojzifh ÓPfynm eufeJxufjrufaMumif; xif&Sm;aponf jzpfaomaMumifh ½kyfyHkyifjzpfaomfvnf; ¤if;½kyfyHkudk
Munfhrdaom olwdkUrSm xkdrdef;ronf ig\ tonf;ESvHk;acsmiftwGif;ü ckduyf ykef;atmif;vsuf &Sdaom pdwful;
tBuHtpnfudkyif od&SdavNyDwum;[k xifrSwfavmufatmif &Sday\/
a&TOa'gif;
uRefawmfonf "mwfyHkudk MunfhNyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;vufodkU jyeftyfí xdkrdef;r\ t*Fg½kyfudk csD;rGrf;ajymqdkav&m

armifpH&Sm;onf uRefawmf ajymqdkonfh pum;rsm;udk em;axmifonfh vu©Pm r&SdbJ "mwfyHkudk pdkufai;um
MunfhNyD;aemuf oufyifh½Ií "mwfyHkudk &SyftusÐtdwfü xnfhxm;vdkufav\/
uRefawmf/ /]"mwfyHk&SiftaMumif;udk wqdwfavmuf rMum;&bl;vm;Asm}
&S m;/ /(ta0;odkU arQmfMunfhaeonfh rsufESmxm;rsdK;ESifh awGa0um &SdaeNyD;aemuf) ]b,folUrS usKyf rajymzl;ygbl;Asm?
odkUaomfvnf; pum;pyfrdvdkU ajymjy &OD;rSmyJAsm}
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf tHhMozG,f&maumif;vSaom atmufyg tjzpftysufrsm;udk ajymí jyav&m uRefawmfonf
¤if;\ pum;twdkif; r[kwfbJ 0w¦KoGm; tpDtpOfuJhodkU wnfxGifNyD;vQif qdkif&m qdkif&m tcef;cef;cGJí
a&;om;azmfjyvdkufayownf;/
______
tcef ; (1)
vGefcJhonfh ESpfaygif; ESpfq,fausmfcefUtcsdefu wpfnoü touf q,fh&SpfESpf t&G,fcefU rdef;rysdKwpfa,mufESifh
touf ESpfq,fhig;ESpfcefU vkvifysdK wpfa,mufonf rEåav;NrdKU taemufjyif *kPfwef&yfuGuf&Sd wpfckaom
tdrfBuD; vomcef;wGif orD;&nf;pm;bm0 Muifem,k,aom trlt&mESifh pum;ajymqdkvsuf &SdMuav\/
xdktdrfBuD;onfum; NrdKU0efOD;vluav;\ tdrfBuD; jzpfav&m rdef;rysdKuav;rSm OD;vluav;\
wpfa,mufwnf;aom orD;jzpfí trnfrSm rdrdBuD;[lí wGifav\/ rdrdBuD;\ zcifonf armfausmfjr\ zcifESifh
oli,fcsif; jzpfMuonfhtavsmuf armifausmfjronf xdktdrfodkU i,fpOftcgrSpí oGm;vm0ifxGufavh&SdcJhonf jzpf&m
NrdKU0efOD;vluav;onfvnf; armifausmfjronf oli,fcsif;\ om;jzpfonfhjyif pOf;pm;qifjcifwwfonfh
ÓPfynmESifhvnf; txl;ojzifh jynfhpHkcJhonf jzpfaomaMumifh rdrd\orD; BuD;jyif;onfhtcgü ¤if;olESifhyif
vufxyfxdrf;jrm;aptHh[k tBuH&SdcJhav\/
armifausmfjr\ zcifuvnf; xdkenf;twl tBuHtpnf&SdcJh[ef wlav&m aocgeD;qJqJü ol\om;tm;
¤if;tBuHtpnfudk zGifh[ajymqdkNyD;vQif tz\ pum;udk em;axmif&pfap&ef twefwef rSmxm;cJhav\/
rdrdBuD;rSmvnf; t½kyft&nftm;jzifh vnf;aumif; qdkzG,f&mr&Sd jzpf&avum; armifausmfjrrSm zcif\ pum;udk
vdkufem&ef rsm;pGm rcJ,Of;bJ xdktdrfodkU a&S;uenf;wl 0ifxGufoGm;vm&if;ESifhyif wpfaeUoü vli,fwdkU bm0
cspfBudKufaMumif;udk zGifh[ajymqdkNyD; jzpfMuav\/
armifausmfjrrSm xdktcgü ukd;wef;pmar;yGJukd atmifjrifNyD; jzpfaomfvnf; pma&;pmcsD tp&Sdaom tpdk;& trIxrf;
tvkyftudkifrsdK;ü vkyfudkif&ef rvdkvm;onfjzpfí zcif\ tvkyfjzpfaom yGJpm;vkyfief;udk qufvufvkyfudkifcJh&m
armifausmfjronf ¤if;vkyfief;udkvnf; rESpfoufonf jzpfaomaMumihf rnfodkUaom tvkyfrsdK;onf rdrd\
txHk0goemESifh avsmfnDonfudk a&G;cs,f&if 0wfaMu0wfukefrQomvQif qufvuf vkyfudkifvsuf &SdcJhav\/
,cka&;om;azmfjyvsuf&Sdaom nOfhtcgüum; OD;vluav; vifr,m;wdkUonf rdwfaqGwpfa,muf\ tvªr@myfodkU
oGm;a&mufvnfywfcdkuf jzpfojzihf orD;&nf;pm;ESpfa,mufwdkUonf ta&;BuD;aom taMumif;t&mrsm;udk
wdkifyifvsuf &Sdaeonfh vu©PmESifh tdrfa&SUvomcef;wGif &SdaeMu&m
rd rd BuD;/ /]udkudkjruvJ? udkudkjr&,f zGifhajym&ifvJ ajymjyprf;yg&Sif? uRefrudk r,HkMunfEdkifvdkU pum;ukef
rajymovm; udkudkjr&JU}
jr/ /(&nf;pm;onf\ vufuav;udk ,k,Muifemaom trlt&mESifh udkifvsuf) ]ajymvdkU rawmfwJh pum;rdkU
rajymbJ &Sdygw,f ESr&,f? udkudkUudk ,HkMunfvdkU&SdvQif ajymorQ pum;avmufESifh ,ck wif;wdrfNyD; aemufusawmh
tjzpftysuf tvHk;pHkukd &Sif;vif;NyD;jyygr,f ESr&,f}
BuD;/ /(EIwfcrf;plvsuf) ][ifhtif; oabmrusEdkifbl;? ajym&r,f? tck tukefajymjy&r,f}
jr/ /]cufygNyD ESr&,f? tck zGifhNyD; ajymvdkU&SdvQif udkudkUrSm tEå&m,fBuD; jzpfvdrfhr,f ESr&JU? ukdif; onfavmuf
ajym&if ESru auseyfygawmhuG,f}
BuD;/ /]uRefrwpfa,mufwnf; ajym½HkESifh udkudkUrSm toufqHk;½IH;zdkU &Sdw,fvm;}
jr/ /]toufqHk;½HI; wwfygw,f ESr&,f}
BuD;/ /]b,fvdk udpö¶rsm;ygvdrfh odcsifvdkufwm udkdukd&,f}
jr/ /]odcsdefwefawmh odygvdrfhr,f ESr&,f? onf;cHvdkufygOD;? udkif; onfawmh ESru udkudkajymwJhtwdkif; ,ck
wpfv ESpfv twGif;rSm udkudkrvmayr,fh pdwfrqdk;ESifh? udkudkUtaMumif;udk b,folub,fvdkyif raumif;ajym
aomfvnf; ESr r,HkMunf&pfESifhaemf}
BuD;/ /]uRefrwdkU tdrfudk ukdudk rvm&atmif b,foGm;rvdkUvJ udkudk&JU}
a&TOa'gif;
jr/ /]b,foGm;r,fvdkUvJ rajymEkdifbl; ESr}

BuD;/ /]EdkU olrsm;u raumif;ajym&atmif udkudku bmrsm; vkyfcJhvdkUvJ udkudk&,f}
jr/ /]'gvnf; udkudk rajymEkdifbl; ESr&,f? udkdukdUudk ,HkMunfvdkU&SdvQif tppt&m&mrSm rsufpdrdSwfNyD; vHk;vHk;BuD;
,HkMunf&pfygawmh ESr&,f? a[m a':a':wdkU? OD;wdkU jyefvmMuNyD? oGm;NyD ESra&}
¤if;aemuf armifausmfjronf tdrfaemufavScg;rS vsifjrefpGm qif;í oGm;av&m rdrdBuD;rSm wm;qD;jcif;iSm
rwwfEdkifbJ rsuf&nf0dkif;vsuf armifausmfjr oGm;&modkU arQmfMunfhum usef&pfav\/
______
tcef ; (2)
armifausmfjronf rdrdBuD;wdkU\ tdrfrS qif;vmcJhí ausmufaoG;wef;vrf; wpfavQmuf vsifjrefpGm avQmufvmcJh&m
jrif;&xm;wpfpD;udk awGUonfESifh wufpD;NyD;vQif jrif;&xm;orm;tm; "m;wef;&yfuGufodkU armif;ESifapav\/
aps;csdKawmf ajrmufbuf&Sd "m;wef;&yfuGufodkU a&mufaomtcg armifausmfjronf jrif;&xm;ukd &yfapö
&xm;cay;NyD;vQif tenf;i,f ajcusifavQmufNyD;aemuf wpfckaom wdkuftdkBuD;odkU a&mufí rdrdtm; olwpfyg;wdkU
jrifavoavm[k awmifajrmuf av;yg;wdkUudk Munfh½INyD;vQif rdrd\ tdwfü ygaom aomhESifh wdkufwHcg;udk zGifhí
wdkufwGif;odkU 0ifoGm;av\/
twGif;odkU a&mufaomtcg armifausmfjronf wdkufwHcg;udk wzef ydwfNyD;aemuf rdrd\ tdwfxJü aqmif,lcJhaom
vufESdyf"mwfrD;udk xkwfí xkd;Munhf&m avScg;ü aumif;rGef oyf,yfpGm 0wfqifvsuf ½kyf&nfoem;urm; &Sdaom
oli,fr wpfa,muf\ tavmif;onf acGvsuf &Sdaeonfudk awGUjrif&av\/ xkdtcg armifausmfjronf xdwfvefU
tHhMoonfh trlt&m tenf;rQ r&SdbJ EIwfcrf;udk udkufum olli,fr\ tavmif;udk Munfh½INyD;aemuf
tavmif;ay:rSausmfí wdkufay: odkU avScg;rS wufoGm;av\/ ¤if;wdkuftdkBuD;üum; pm;yGJukvm;xdkif bD½dkrS pö
tawmftwef crf;em;oyf,yfaom tdrfaxmif ypönf;wdkUjzifh jynfhESufvsuf &Sdaomfvnf; xkdtcsdeftcgü
vlwpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ r&SdbJ wdwfqdwfpGm &Sdaeav\/
wdkufay: odkU a&mufaomtcg armifausmfjronf wpfckaom pma&;pm;yGJodkU oGm;NyD;vQif tHqGJrsm;udk wpfckNyD;vQif
wpfck qGJEkwfí twGif;ü &Sdaom t&m0wåKrsm;udk arTaESmufum &SmazGav\/ twGif;üum; aMomf'DrefpmcsKyf?
wHqdyfawmfacgif;? "mwfyHk oHk;av;ck? pma&;puúLrsm; tp&Sdonfh ypönf;wdkUudk awGUav&m armifausmfjronf wpfckpD
wD;acgufum Munfhav\/ wpfckaom tHqGJüum; vdkPfoH ygonfudk Mum;av&m armifausmfjronf ¤if;udk
aocsmpGm pHkprf; Munfh½IonfwGif tzHk;wpfck yg&Sdonfudk awGU&Sd&av\/ xkdtcg armifausmfjronf rdrdü
toifhaqmif,lcJhaom vufeufrsm;ESifh ¤if;tzHk;udk prf;oyfí zGifhav&m aemufqHk;ü tzHk;onf yGifhoGm;í
twGif;üum; acgufvsuf&Sdaom puúLwpf&Gufudk awGU&Sdav\/ xdkpm&Gufudk jzefUí rD;a&mifwGif MunfhNyD;aomtcg
armifausmfjronf pdwfauseyfonfh vu©PmESifh rdrd\ tusÐtdwftwGif;odkU acgufxnfhí wdkuf\ tay:rS
qif;rnf jyKav\/
xdkaemufrS wpfzef tBuH&onfh vu©PmESihf armifausmfjronf pm;yGJ&Sd&modkU wHkUjyefí vmNyD;vQif rdrd\ tdwfrS
vufudkify0gudk xkwfNyD;aemuf rdrd udkifwG,fcJhorQaom t&m0wåKwdkUü rdrd\ vuf&m rxif&pfapjcif;iSg
vufudkify0gESifh aphiSatmif txyfxyf yGwfwdkufav\/ ¤if;aemuf armifausmfjronf vufESdyf"mwfrD;udk xdk;vsuf
avScg;rS qif;vmcJh&m oli,fr\ tavmif;teD;odkU a&mufaomtcg MuufoD;xrdav\/ odkU&mwGif pdwfudk
wif;NyD;aemuf tavmif;\rsufESmudk rD;a&mifESifh wnfhwnfh xdk;vsuf twefMum MunfhNyDvQif OD;acgif;udk&rf;vsuf
oufjyif;csrdav\/ xkdaemuf armifausmfjronf wdkufay:rS aqmif,lvmcJhaom pm&Gufudk tusÐtdwfrS
xkwfNyD;aemuf oli,fr\ vufü xnfhNyD;vQif wdkufatmufü aphiSatmif vufESdyf"mwfrD;ESifh xdk;í MunfhNyD;rS
wdkufjyifodkUxGufí wHcg;udk ydwfxm;cJhav\/ xdktcgüum; armifausmfjrrSm rdrd\ tBuHtpnf
txajrmufavNyD[laom rsufESmxm;rsdK;ESifh xGufvmcJh&m wdkufatmufü vufESdyf"mwfrD;ESifh xdk;í MunfhpOftcgu
wpfckaom AD½dktwGif;rS rdrdtm; acsmif;ajrmif; Munhf½Ivsuf &Sdaom vlwpfa,mufudk awGUjrif&rl xdkodkUaom
rsufESmxm;rsdK; &SdEdkifrnf r[kwfacs/
______
a&TOa'gif;
tcef ; (3)
txufyg tjcif;t&mwdkU jzpfysufNyD;onfhaemuf oHk;&ufajrmufaom aeUü armifausmfjronf ausmufaoG;wef;&yf&Sd
rdrd\ aetdrfü t*Fvdyfowif;pm wpfapmifudk zwf½Ivsuf&Sd&m atmufygtwdkif; awGU&Sd&av\/
"m;wef; &yfü xl;qef;aom vlowfrI jzpfyGm;jcif;taMumif;

]&efuk efNrdKUrS pyg;yGJpm;BuD; OD;MumñGefUonf rEåav;NrdKUodkU tvnftywfqif;vmcJh&m "m;wef; &yfwGif
wdkufwpfvHk;udk acwåiSm ;&rf;aexdk ifcJhonf jzpfaMumif;? ¤if;yGJpm;BuD;onf a&TbdkNrdKUü udpöav;wpfck
ay:aygufonfESifh wdkufudk ydwfxm;cJhNyD;vQif acwåoGm;a&mufcJhonf jzpfaMumif;? udpöNyD;í ,refaeU
naeu a&T bdkrS jyefvmaomtcg rdrd\ wdkufcef;twGif; avScg;&if;ü opfvGifaom t0wftpm;rsm;udk
0wfqifvsuf touf 20 ausmft&G,fcefU &Sdí t½kyft&nfESifh jynfhpHkaom oli,frwpfa,muf\
tavmif;udk awGU&Sd&onf jzpfaMumif;? xdktaMumif;udk ykvdyfXmeodkU taMumif;Mum;NyD;aemuf ykvd yft&m&Sd
rsm;ESifh twl rnfonfh ypönf;rsm; aysmufqHk;ao;onfudk wdkufwGif;ü Munfh½IMu&m pm;yGJtHqGJrsm;udk
arTaESmuf&SmazGxm;onfh txdrf;trSwfwdkUudk awGU&Sd&onf jzpfaMumif; xkdUjyif pm;yGJtHqGJü tHzHk;twGif; &Sd
vQdKU0Sufí xm;cJhaom puúLwpf&GufrSmvnf; aysmufqHk;vsuf&Sd&m ¤if;puúLrSm OD;MumñGefUomvQif
toHk;0ifí tjcm;olwdkUü toHk;rusonf jzpfaomaMumifh rnfodkUaom olcdk;onf rnfonfh tBuHtpnfESif h
¤if;puúLudk ckd;,lonfrsm;udk rawG;awmEdkifatmif &SdaMumif;}
þrQ zwfNyD;vQif
jr/ /(wpfa,mufwnf; pdwful;rdonfrSm) ]b,fhES,fvJ? puúLudk oli,frvufrSm igñSyfNyD; xm;cJhygw,f?
b,folu 0ifNyD; ,loGm;jyefygvdrhf? w,fusyfyguvm;}
¤if;aemuf qufvufí zwfjyefonfrSm
]OD; MumñG efUa&mufvmaomtcgü wdkufwHcg;onf aumif;rGefpGmydwfqdkUvsuf&Sdonf[k awGUjrif &onf

jzpfaom aMumifh oli,f ronf wdkufwGif;odkU rnfonf henf;ESifh 0ifa&mufí ¤if;tm; owfoGm;aomolonf
rnfonfhenf;ESifh xGufcGmonfudk rawG;awmwwfEdkifatmif &Sd&aMumif;/ oli,fr\ tavmif;udk ,cktcg
aq;½HkBuD;odkU ydkUNyD;NyD jzpf &m q&m0ef rsm;u ¤if;oli,f ronf 'Pf&m r&Sdojzifh rnfonfhenf;ESifh touf
qHk;½HI;&onfudk trSef rajymEdkifao;aomfvnf; aoG;½dk;om;½dk;jzifh aoqHk;jcif; r[kwf? olwpfyg; owfí
aoqHk;onfrsm;rSm ,HkrSm;zG,f&m r&SdaMumif;? ykvdyft&m&SdwdkUonf xdkoli,frrSm rnfolrnf0g jzpfonfudk
axmufvSrf;pHkprf;vsufyif &SdaeMuaMumif;}
owif;pmudk zwf½INyD;aemuf
jr/ /(wpfa,mufwnf; jyKH;&,fvsuf) ]axmufvSrf;Muav axmufvSrf;Mu? b,fol b,f0g&,fvdkU rif;wdkU
ay:atmif axmufvSrf;Ekdif&if axmufaywmaygh? udkif; wpfcgjzifh ig tBuHatmifaumif;yg&JUuG,f}
______
tcef ; (4)
armifausmfjronf rdrdBuD;ESifh xkdaeUnwGif awGUqHkNyD;onfhaemuf rdrdBuD;wdkU\tdrf oGm;a&muf0ifxGufjcif;r&Sd
jzpfcJhav&m wpfaeUoü rdrdBuD;xHrS ta&;BuD;aom pmwpfapmifudk &&Sdav\/ ¤if;pmrSm ...
wdkifyif ar;jref;&ef &Sdí uRefrwdkUtdrfodkU ,aeUn qufqufvmcJ hyg udkudkjr/

] rd rd BuD; }
armifausmfjronf xkdpmudk&&Sdaomtcg oGm;&rnf roGm;&rnfudk twefMumatmif pOf;pm;NyD;aemuf aemufqHk;ü

rnfonfhudpöta&;BuD;aeonfudk od&SdvdkonfESifh t0wfrsm;vJvS,fí rdrdBuD;tdrfodkU xGufvmcJhav\/ rdrdBuD;onf
olwpfyg; rMum;apvdkaom pum;udk ajymvdkonfjzpfaomaMumifh rdbrsm; r&Sdonfh tcsdeftcgwGif rSmxm;vdkufjcif;
jzpf&um; xkdnü armifausmfjr oGm;a&mufaomtcg ESpfa,mufwnf; pum;ajymcGifh &cJhav\/ a&mufvQif
a&mufjcif; rdrdBuD;onf armifausmfjrudk udpö tBuD;tus,f wpfpHkwpf&m ray:aygufbJvsuf rdrdwdkU aetdrfodkU
vrf;jzwfí xm;onfudk jypfwifpum; ajymMum;aomtcg armifausmfjru rdrd ,cifuyif wifBudKajymxm;aom
pum;twdkif; tjypfwif rapm&ef awmif;yefonfwGif rdrdBuD;u ½kwfw&uf
BuD;/ /]uRefr wpfck ar;csifw,f? udkudk rSefrSef ajymrvm;}

jr/ /]ar;ygAsm? ajymwmaygh}
BuD;/ /]"m;wef;u OD;MumñGefU wnf;wJhwdkufrSm rdef;uav; wpfa,muf tavmif; awGUw,fqdkwm udkudkjr
Mum;&ovm;}
jr/ /]owif;pmrSm zwfrdygw,f}
BuD;/ /]aool rdef;uav;[m b,folvJvdkU udkudkjr rodbl;vm;}
jr/ /(tvGeftHhMoaomfvnf; rsufESmrysufapatmif [efaqmifvsuf) ]awmufwD; awmufwJh ESr&,f? bmqdkifvdkU
udkudk od&rSmvJ}
BuD;/ /(rsufESmudk aphaphMunfhvsuf) ]wu,fhudk rodbl;vm;}
jr/ /]BuHBuHpnfpnfAsm? b,fhES,faMumifh rqDrqdkif ar;ygvdrfh ESr&,f}
BuD;/ /]rqdkif qdkifqdkif? od rodudkom ajzprf;yg udkudkjr&,f}
jr/ /(&,farmvsuf) ]aeUcif; aeUvnf tdyfaysmfoGm;vdkU tdyfrufrufNyD; ua,mifuwrf; ar;rdar;&m
avQmufar;aeNyDrSwfw,f? "m;wef;u OD;MumñGefUwdkufrSm rdef;uav;wpfa,muf aowmESifh
ausmufaoG;wef;rSmaewJh udkudkjrESifh bmqdkifvdkUvJ ESr&,f}
BuD;/ /(vufravQmhbJ) ]rodbl;ayghav}
jr/ /ajzzdkU vdkao;ovm; ESr&,f}
BuD;/ /twnfhtvif; ajzprf;yg udkudkjr&JU}
jr/ /(pdwfemaom trlt&mESifh) ]aeygOD; ESr&,f? b,folursm; udkudkUtaMumif; raumif;owif; b,fvdkrsm;
ajymxm;vdkU udkudkUudk ar;cGef;awG bmawG xkwfae&wmvJ ESr&,f}
a&TOa'gif;
BuD;/ /]uRefr ar;wmudk ajzygOD; udkudkjr&JU}

jr/ /]wu,f ar;aewmvm;}
BuD;/ /]tdk wu,faygh udkudkjr&JU}
jr/ /(0rf;enf;aom trlt&mESifh) ]tHhMoyg&JU ESr&,f? udkudkUrSm tjcm; tvkyfawG rsm;vGef;vdkU tcsdefr&Ekdif&wJh
txJrSm ESru vmwJhNyD; ppfvm; aq;vm; ar;vm; jref;vm;ESifh vkyf&atmif udkudkowfw,f xifvdkU ar;aewmvm;
ESr&,f} [k ajymavvQif rdrdBuD;rSm rdrdMum;aom owif;onf rrSefaom owif; jzpfacsrnfwum;/ igonf
cspfvSaom &nf;pm;tay:ü taMumif;rJh oufouf ouFmruif; jzpfrdacswum;[k 0rf;enf;aom trlt&mESifh
rdrd\pum;udk EIwfodrf;NyD;vQif jyuf&,fjyKvdkaomoabmESifhar;jref;aMumif; ajymqdk&m tjcm;pum;wdkUudk qufvuf
ajymqdkMuNyD;vQif ESpfOD; cGJcGmoGm;Muaom [lowwf/
______
tcef ; (5)
tdrfodkU a&mufonfESifh wNydKifeuf armifausmfjronf pm;yGJü pm&Gufi,fwpfckudk awGU&Sdav&m ¤if;rSm
]ta&;BuD;aom udpöwpfckESifh wd kifyif&ef vma&mufcJh&m rdwfaqGESifh rawGU&í 0rf;enf;aMumif;?

tm;vyf cJ hygvQif euf jzef eH euf jzpfa p? nae jzpf ap uRef awmf \aetdrfod kU tvnftywf vma&muf apvd k
ygaMumif;/
armifxGef;jrifh}
¤if;pmudk zwf½I&aomtcg armifausmfjronf rsufESmysufí oGm;av\/ armifxGef;jrifh qdkolrSm a&SUaevkyfief;ESifh

toufarG;olwpfa,muf jzpfcJh&m &efukefNrdKUü pHkaxmufarmifpH&Sm; [lí ray:aygufrDuyif rEÅav;NrdKUü
cufcJeufeJaom trIrsm; ay:aygufonfhtcg ykvdyfwdkUtm; tBuHÚmPfay;jcif;? &Hzef&Hcg udk,fwdkifpHkaxmufay;jcif;
ponfwdkUudk jyKvkyfvsuf &Sdojzifh tpdk;& trIxrf;yif r[kwfaomfvnf; pHkaxmufjcif;vkyfief;ü tawmftwef
emrnf&olwpfa,muf jzpfavonf/
armifausmfjronf armifxGef;jrifhxHrS txufygpmudk &&Sdaomtcg tvGefw&m xdwfvefYwkefvIyfjcif; jzpfav&um;
tdrfOD;cef;ü yufvufukvm;xdkif wpfckay:wGif xdkifum twefMumatmif pOf;pm;NyD;aemuf om;a&aowÅåmü
t0wftpm;rsm; xnfhNyD; qGJí qif;vmav\/ tdrfa&SUü jrif;&xm;wpfpD;udk awGUojzifh armifausmfjronf
jrif;&xm;aydkU wufNyD;vQif &xm;armif;orm;tm; rD;&xm; blwm½HkodkU armif;ESifapcJhav\/
blwm½HkodkU armifausmfjr qdkufa&mufaomtcg &efukefodkU oGm;aom pmydkU&xm;BuD;onf taiGU wacsmif;acsmif;
vTwfvsuf blwm½Hka&SUü &yfwefUum &Sdae&m c&D;onfwdkUonf vufrSwf½Hka&SUü wdk;a0SUum vufrSwfrsm;
0,f,lvsuf &SdMuav\/ armifausmfjronf jrif;&xm;ay:rS qif;oufcJhNyD;vQif 'kwd,wef; vufrSwfaygufodkU
oGm;a&muf&m vufrSwfpma&; r&Sdcdkuf jzpfojzifh om;a&aowåmudk ysOfjym;ay:ü wifNyD;aemuf &yfwefUum
apmifhqdkif;vsuf &Sdav\/ xdkcPü vlwpfa,mufonf armifausmfjr\teD;ü &yfum owif;pmwpfapmifudk
zwf½Ivsuf&Sd&m armifausmfjronf xdkol\ykcHk;ay:rS ausmfí owif;pmudk MunfhvdkufonfwGif pmvHk;BuD;rsm;ESifh
atmufygtwdkif; acgif;wyfxm;onfh owif;wpfckudk awGUjrifzwf½I&av\/
"m;wef;&yf vlowfrIESifh pyfvsOf;í txl;tqef; awGU&jcif;
xdkacgif;pOfudk awGUjrifonfESifh wNydKifeuf armifausmfjronf ¤if;owif;pmudk blwm½kH&Sd pmtkyfqdkifrS

0,f,lzwf½I&m atmufygtwdkif; awGUjrifav\/
]"m;wef;&yf vlowfrI ESifh pyfvsOf; í pHkaxmufbufqdkif&m tifpydwfawmf armifbwifESifh |metkyf

armifoef;azwdkUonf pHkaxmufjcif; vkyfief; ü tvGefw&m txHk0goem yg&Sdí uRrf;usif em;vnfaom
a&SUaeBuD; armifxGef; jrifh\ulnDaxmufyHhjcif;jzifh OD; MumñG efU\wdkufcef; udk aocsmpG m pHkprf; &SmazGvsuf
&SdMu&m armifxGef; jrifh\xifjrifcsuf rSm jypf rIusL;vGefaomolonf 0g&ifholwpfa,muf jzpfaomaMumifh
ajc&m vuf &mrQ rusef&pfapatmif vHkNcHKpGmzHk;zdEdkifonfudkawGU&Sd&aMumif;? tavmif;udk Munfh½IpHkprf;aom
q&m0efBuD;\ xifjrifcsufrSm xdkrdef;uav;onf udk,fwGif;odkU xdk;oGif;aom tqdyfwpf rsdK;jzifh touf
a&TOa'gif;
qHk;½IH;&onf[k rSwfxifaMumif;? ¤if;tqdyf onf pm;&aom tqdyfr[kwf? aoG;ES ifha&maESmatmif

jyGwfi,fESifh xdk;oGif;&aom tqdyfrsdK; jzpfonf[k qdkzG,f&m&Sdaomfvnf; rnfonfhae&mü jyGwfi,fESifh
xkd;oGif;onfh 'Pf&mudkvnf; rawGU&Sd&onf jzpfaomaMumifh rsm;pGm usyf wnf;cJ,Of; jcif; &SdaeaMumif; }
pojzifh awGUjrifzwf½I&av\/
¤if;owif;udk zwf½INyD;onfESifh wNydKifeuf armifausmfjronf pdwfoabm ajymif;vGJoGm;onfh vu©PmESifh
om;a&aowåmudk wzef aumuf,lNyD;vQif blwm½HkrS xGufvmcJh&m jrif;&xm;wpfpD;ESifh tdrfodkU jyefvmcJhav\/
tdrfodkU a&mufaomtcg a&TrsufrSefwyfvsuf &Sdaom vlwpfa,mufonf tdrfOD;cef;ü xkdifum pmtkyfwpftkyfudk
zwf½Ivsuf &SdonfESifh awGUav&um; armifausmfjronf yxrü rsufESmysufí oGm;NyD;aemuf [efvkyfum teD;odkU
csOf;uyfNyD;vQif
jr/ /]udkxGef;jrifh a&mufaeNyDvm;? awmfawmfMumoGm;NyD rSwfw,f}
jrifh / /(armifausmfjr\trlt&mudk aphaphMunfhvsuf) ][kwfuJh? reufrS awGUzdkUvdkU atmufarhwm? ,ckawmh udpöu
ta&;BuD;vmavawmh nwGif;csif;yJ wpfacgufjyefNyD; vmcJh&w,fAs? uRefawmfh pmuav; awGUw,f r[kwfvm;}
jr/ /]awGUygw,f? awGUvdkU eufjzefeHeufrS vmr,fvdkU pdwful;aewmygyJ}
jrifh / /(om;a&tdwfudk Munfhvsuf) ]om;a&aowåmawG bmawGESifh b,foGm;rvdkUvJAs}
jr/ /]om;a&aowåm aomhysufaewmESifh aomhjyifwJhqdkifrSm tyfxm;wm vrf;BuHKwmESifh 0ifNyD; a½G;,lvmcJh
ygw,fAsm}
jrifh / /]'gxuf udpöwpfck ta&;BuD;aew,fAs? cifAsm; ulnDEdkif ulnDprf;yg}
jr/ /]bmudpövJ udkxGef;jrifh}
jrifh / /]"m;wef;&yfu vlowfrItaMumif; cifAsm; Mum;NyD;NyDvm;}
jr/ /]OD;MumñGefU tdrfu vlowfrItaMumif;vm;? owif;pmrSm awGUrdygw,f? bmjzpfvdkUvJ}
jrifh / /]ykvdyfu olwdkU pHkaxmufvdkU r&EdkifvdkU uRefawmfhudk vmNyD; tyluyf aejyefNyDAs}
jr/ /]awmfawmfvnf; eufeJwJh trIuav;ESifh wlw,f}
jrifh / /]eufeJwmuawmh bmajymp&m &SdrvJAsm? ajc&mcHvdkUudk ,ckxufxd wpfpGef;wpfprS ray:Ekdifao;bl;? 'gxuf
udkausmfjr aowJh rdef;uav;udk cifAsm; rodbl;vm;}
jr/ /(tvGefw&m tHhMoaom rsufESmxm;ESifh) ]BuHBuHpnfpnf udkxGef;jrifh&,f? cifAsm;wdkU trIpHkaxmufwJh vlrsm;[m
vljriforQudk &mZ0wfaumifcsnhf rSwfaeNyD xifw,f}
jrifh / /(armifausmfjr\rsufESmudk aphaphMunfhvsuf) ]rajymwwfygbl; cifAsm? cifAsm; todxJursm; jzpfaervm;vdkU
ar;rdwmygyJ}
jr/ /]b,folb,f0g&,fvdkU ykvdyft&m&SdawGawmif pHkprf;vdkU ray:Edkifatmif &SdwJh rdef;uav;wpfa,mufudk
uRefawmfu tdrfuaeNyD; odEdkifyghrvm;Asm? rouFm&ifvnf; wnfhwnfhom zGifhNyD; ar;vdkufyg? 'Drdef;uav;udk
cifAsm;u uRefawmf owfw,fvdkU xifovm;}
jrifh / /]pdwfr&SdygESifhAsm? odrvm;vdkU ar;rdjcif; jzpfygw,f? rod&ifvnf; NyD;a&maygh}
jr/ /]aeprf;ygOD;Asm? b,fhES,faMumifh cifAsm;u uRefawmf odw,fvdkU xifEdkif&ovJ}
jrifh / /]usDpm;NyD; ar;wmygAsm? pHkaxmuf tifpydwfawmf udkbwifu onftaMumif;udk cifAsm; odvdrfhr,fvdkU

xifaewJhtwGuf uRefawmfu odvdkodjim; vmNyD; pHkprf;jcif; jzpfygw,f? rodvdkU&Sd&ifvnf; aemufxyfNyD; ar;zdkU
r&Sdygbl;Asm} [k NyHK;&,fum ajymNyD;aemuf armifxGef;jrifhonf armifausmfjrudk EIwfqufí tdrfay:rS qif;oGm;av&m
armifausmfjrrSm pdwfrauseyfaom rsufESmxm;ESifh armifxGef;jrifhtm; rsufarSmifMuKwfum Munfhí usef&pfav\/
______
a&TOa'gif;
tcef ; (6)
aemufwpfaeUü pHkaxmuf tifpydwfawmf armifbwifonf pmwdkufrS atmufyg pmwpfapmifudk &&Sdav\/
]pma&; tpD &ifcH ygonf tif pydwf awmf rif ; cif Asm? uRefa wmf\wd ku fcef ;twGif; awGU&Sd aom
oli,f r\taMumif;udk xyfavmif ; pH kprf ;&ef rvdk awmh yg? ol i,frudk owfolonf tjcm;r[kwf?
uRefawmfyif jzpf ygonf/ xkdoli,fronf rnfoljzpfí uRef awmfonf rnfonfhtaMumif ;aMumifh
¤if;\toufudk qHk;½IH;atmif pD&if&onfudkrl xkwfazmfa&;om;&ef uRefawmftvdkr&Sdyg/
yk vd yf t &m&Sd wd kY\ 0wå &m;rSm tavmif ;wpf ck udk awG U&SdcJhvQif ¤if;udk rnfol owfonf[k od&S dcJhvQif
vHkavmufonf[k uRefawmf rS wfxifygaomaMumif h taMumif; udk pHkv if pG m azmfjyjcif; rjyKbJ uRefa wmf
owf aMumif; udk om 0ef cHvd ku fygonf / 0efcH NyD;aemuf uRefawmfh udk &SmazG &ef vnf; rvdk awmh yg/
uRefawmfonf tpdk;& tjypf 'Pfudk rcHvdkonf jzpfí rdrd udk ,fu dk rd rd pD &if vd kuf ygonf/
OD ;MumñGefU}
pmudkzwf½INyD;aemuf pHkaxmuf tifpydwfawmf armifbwifonf |memtkyf armifoef;azESifh wdkifyifMu&m

twefi,fMumaomtcg tifpydwfawmf armifbwifonf armifxGef;jrifh tdrfodkU a&mufí ¤if;pmudk
armifxGef;jrifhtm; jyav\/ armifxGef;jrifhonf tHhMoaom trlt&mESifh pmudk zwf½INyD;aemuf wD;wdk;pum;
wdkifyifMuNyD;vQif armifbwif jyefoGm;onfESifh wNydKifeuf armifausmfjr\aetdrfodkU oGm;a&mufjyefav\/
armifxGef;jrifh tdrfay:udk wufvmonfudk jrifonfESifh wNydKifeuf
jr/ /]bmudpö vm&jyefovJAs? vlowfrI udpöyJvm;}
jrifh / /]tppfyJ udkausmfjr? owfwJhvlu pmESifh a&;NyD; ajzmifhcsufay;aeNyDAs}
jr/ /]tvdk [kwfuJhvm;Asm? b,folUqDudk ajzmifhcsufay;ovJ}
jrifh / /]tifpydwfawmf udkbwifqDudk pmESifh a&;NyD; ajzmifhcsufay;w,f? pmukdawmif uRefawmf ,lvmcJhao;w,f?
a&mh 'DrSm cifAsm; Munfhcsif Munfhygvm;} [k armifausmfjrtm; jy&m armifausmfjronf pmudk zwfvsuf&SdpOf
armifxGef;jrifhonf armifausmfjr\rsufESmxm;udk pdkufai;um tuJcwfvsuf &Sdav\/ pmudk tprS tqHk;wdkif
zwfNyD;aemuf armifausmfjronf rsm;pGm ta&;rBuD;onfh trlt&mESifh pmudk armifxGef;jrifh\vufodkU jyeftyfvsuf
jr/ /]'D[m cifAsm; b,fhES,f oabm&ovJ}
jrifh / /]uRefawmfawmh wu,fa&;wJh pmyJ xifwmyJ}
jr/ /]b,fhES,faMumifh cifAsm; xifEdkifovJ}
jrifh / /]OD;MumñGefU udk,fwdkifu 'Dpmra&;&if 'Dhjyif b,folu0ifNyD; b,fvdk tBuHtpnfESifh a&;OD;rSmvJAs}
jr/ /]aeygOD;As? OD;MumñGefU[m olUudk,fol owfvdkufNyDvdkU cifAsm;wdkU ,HkMunfw,fvm;}
jrifh / /]'DvdkyJ xif&wmyJ}
jr/ /]tavmif;udk cifAsm;wdkU awGUovm;}
jrifh / /]aMomf [kwfw,fAsdKU? tavmif;udkawmh rawGUao;bl;}
jr/ /]tavmif;udk awGUrS pdwfcs&awmhrayghAs}
jrifh / /]'DudpörSm cifAsm;oabm b,fvdk&ovJ}

jr/ /]uRefawmh oabmuawmh owfaMumif;udk 0efcHNyD;? owfwJhvl[m udk,fUudk,fudk tqHk;pD&ifvdkufNyDvdkU
taMumif;Mum;vdkU&Sd&if ykvdyfu qufvufNyD; vufonfay:atmif rpHkprf;apzdkU ÚmPfqifNyD; a&;vdkufwJh pmvm;vdkU
awG;rdw,fAsm}
jrifh / /]cifAsm; ajymovdkvJ awG;p&m &Sdaeygw,f}
¤if;aemuf armifxGef;jrifhESifh armifausmfjrwdkUonf trItaMumif;udk tprS tqHk;wdkif jyefvSefajymqdk&if; toD;oD;
xifjrifcsuf ay;vsuf&SdMu&m armifxGef;jrifhonfvnf; armifausmfjr rsufESm ysufonf rysufonfudk aocsmpGm
tuJcwfvsuf &Sdav\/ xdkUaemufrS
jrifh / /]waeYavmufawmh tifpydwfawmf udkbwifudk cifAsm;ESifh awGUatmif usKyf ac:cJhOD;rAsm}
jr/ /(½kwfw&uf rsufESm ysufoGm;í) ]awmif;yefyg&apAsm? rac:cJhygESifh}
jrifh / /]bmjyKvdkUvJ}
jr/ /]uRefawmfu cifAsm;odwJhtwdkif; cyfat;at; aecsifwJhvlAs? ykvdyft&m&SdawG bmawGESifh a&maESmpyf,Suf
aecsifwJhvl r[kwfygbl;}
jrifh / /]EdkUayr,fh udkbwifu cifAsm;ESifh awGUcsifw,fvdkU ajymw,f}
jr/ /]awGUcsifvdkU&Sd&ifvJ ac:vmcJhwmayghav? odkUaomf b,fawmhavmuf vmMurSmvJ}
jrifh / /]wpf&uf ESpf&uf twGif;ayghAsm} [kajymqdkNyD;aemuf armifxGef;jrifhonf armifausmfjrtm; EIwfqufí
tdrfay:rS qif;oGm;av\/ armifausmfjronf pD;u&ufwpfvdyfudk rD;ñSdí aomuf½SL&if; twefMumatmif pOf;pm;
pdwful;aeNyD;rS
]pHkaxmuf aygufp a,mifa,mif bma,mifa,mifESifh rif;ESifhig 'Dwpfcg awGUMua&mayghuG,f xGef;jrifh&,f}
______
a&TOa'gif;
tcef ; (7)
wpfaeUaom naecif;tcsdefü jrif;&xm;wpfpD;onf ausmufaoG;wef;vrf;&Sd armifausmfjr aetdrfa&SUü
qdkufa&mufNyD;aemuf rdrdBuD;onf armifausmfjr\tdrfay: odkU wufoGm;í tapcH OD;jrwfomtm; armifausmfjr
r&Sdygoavm[k ar;jref;av\/ xkdtcg tapcH OD;jrwfomu armifausmfjrrSm ,ref eHeufuyif udpöwpfckESifh
a&Tbdke,fodkU oGm;aeaMumif; ajymjyonfwGif rdrdBuD;onf OD;jrwfomtm; ar;vdkaom pum;tenf;i,f
&SdonfjzpfaomaMumifh {nfhcef;ü 0ifí xdkifav\/ ¤if;aemuf rdrdBuD;onf NyHK;csdKaom rsufESmxm;ESifh
BuD;/ /]b,fhES,fvJ OD;jrwfom? tckwavm &SifwdkU q&mBuD;u tvnftywf tm;BuD; rsm;aew,f xifw,f}
om/ /]rvnfygbl; rrav;&,f}
BuD;/ /]uG,fraeygESifh OD;jrwfom&,f? uRefru tukefodNyD;om;yg}
om/ /]umvom;qdkwm vnfwJhtcgvJ vnfwmaygh rrav;}
BuD;/ /]a&Tbdk oGm;umeD; bmrsm; rSmxm;cJhao;vJ}
om/ /]rrav;twGufawmh bmrS rrSmcJhbl; rrav;&JU}
BuD;/ /]uRefr twGuf rrSm&if b,folUtwGuf rSmcJhao;ovJ}
om/ /]rcifMunfqdkwJh rdef;uav;wpfa,muf vmar;vdkU&Sd&if aps;csdKpmwdkufBuD;rSm olUeHrnfESifh pmrsm;
a&mufraebl;vm;vdkU oGm;NyD;ar;zdkU rSmxm;cJhw,f}
BuD;/ /]b,fu rcifMunfvJ OD;jrwfom&JU}
om/ /]uRefawmfvJ rjrifzl;bl; rrav;&JU}
BuD;/ /]EdkU olwpfcgrS vmrar;ao;bl;vm;}
om/ /]rvmao;bl; rrav;&JU}
BuD;/ /]'gjzifh udkudkjr rSmcJhwJh pum;vJ rajym&ao;bl;aygh}
om/ /]rajym&ao;bl; rrav;&JU}
BuD;/ /]'gjzifh uRefr ajymr,f OD;jrwfom? tvdk tdrfa&SUu jrif;&xm; qdkufaeyguvm;? b,folygvdrfh? wefawmh
rcifMunfqdkwm olyJ rSwfw,f? aeOD; OD;jrwfom? udkudkjr rSmcJhwJh pum;udk olUudk rajymESifhOD;? uRefrqDudkom
t&ifvTwfvdkuf? Mum;&JUvm;}
om/ /]aumif;ygNyD rrav;}
xdkcPü 0wfpm;wefqm aumif;rGefpGm 0wfqifvsuf tvGefw&m tcsdK;tpm;useaom oli,frwpfa,mufonf
jrif;&xm;ay:rS qif;vmí 0if;twGif;odkU 0ifvm&m avScg;OD;wGif OD;jrwfomESifh awGUí oli,fronf tdrfay: odkU
wufvmav\/
{nfhonfoli,fronf {nfhcef;ü rdrdBuD;udk awGUjrifaomtcg tHhtm;oifhonfh trlt&mESifh qkwfqdkif;&yfwefUvsuf
&Sdav&m rdrdBuD;u avmu0wfysLiSm rsufESmxm; csdKompGmESifh ae&mxdkifcif; ay;onfwGif wpfckaom ukvm;xdkifü
0ifíxdkifav\/
oli,frESpfa,mufwdkUonf rdrdwdkU "r®wmxHk;pHtwdkif; wpfa,muf\½kyftqif;ESifh 0wfyHkpm;yHk taetxm;wdkUudk
wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf Munfh½I tuJcwfMuNyD;aemuf
BuD;/ /]rcifMunfqdkwm rSwfw,f}
Munf/ /]rSefygw,f? udkausmfjr wpfa,muf &Sdygovm;&Sif}

BuD;/ /]udkausmfjr onfuaeU reufuyJ a&TbdkoGm;vdkU rcifMunfqdkwm vmar;vdkU&Sd&if ESpf&uf oHk;&uftwGif;
jyefvmvdrfhr,fvdkU ajym&pfygvdkU rSmoGm;ygw,f}
Munf/ /]jzpfrSjzpf&av&Sif? udpöu ta&;BuD;vdkU vmcgrS olESifh vGJaeygNyD? &SifESifh qdk&ifaum b,fvdk
awmfygovJ&Sif}
BuD;/ /]i,foli,fcsif;rdkU armif&if;ESrvdk tifrwef cifMuwmygyJ&Sif? uRefr eHrnfu rdrdBuD;ygwJh? tck
b,ft&yfu vmwmygvJ&Sif}
Munf/ /]tr&yl&NrdKUu vmcJhygw,f? oda[mif; uRrf;a[mif;ygyJ}
BuD;/ /]rSmxm;p&m pum;rsm;&Sd&ifvJ OD;jrwfomudk rSmxm;cJhEdkifygw,f&Sif}
Munf/ /]tdk aeygap? oljyefvmrSyJ uRefr aemufxyfNyD; wpfacgufvmygOD;r,f? 'DtwGif; oljyefvmvdkU&Sd&if uRefr
vmNyD; ar;wJhtaMumif; ajymvdkufygawmh&Sif}
xdkcPü OD;jrwfomonf {nfhonfrsm;twGuf umzDESifh rkefUyGJrsm; jyifqifum ,lvmNyD;aemuf

wnfcif;auR;arG;av&m oli,frESpfa,mufwdkUonf umzDaomuf&if; oifhavsmfaom pum;wdkUudk tvdkuftxdkuf
ajymqdkMuvsuf wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf tuJcwfum &SdaeMuav\/
rdrdBuD;\pdwfü xdkoli,fronf tr&yl&u vmonf qdkaomfvnf; 0wfyHkpm;yHkrSm tvGefw&m tcsdK;usí
zD;yHkvdrf;yHkrSmvnf; &efukefolESifh wlonf[k rSwfxifrdav&m? rcifMunf\pdwfüvnf; xkdoli,fronf
rEåÅav;olyDyD EGJUEGJUaysmif;aysmif; tvGefyif Munfhíaumif;aomaMumifh armifausmfjrESifh orD;&nf;pm;yif
jzpfavoavm[k awG;xifrdav\/
q,frdepfcefUrQ xdkifaeMuNyD;aemuf rcifMunfonf rdrdBuD;udk EIwfqufum tdrfay:rS qif;NyD;vQif jrif;&xm;ESifh
jyefoGm;av&m rdrdBuD;onfvnf; ig;rdepfcefUrQ qdkif;iHhNyD;vQif jrif;&xm;wpfpD;udk ac:apí aps;csdKbufodkY
armif;ESifapav\/
aps;csdKajrmufbuf pmwdkufBuD;odkY a&mufaomtcg jrif;&xm;udk &yfwefUapNyD;aemuf rdrdBuD;onf pmwdkdufAdkvftm;
rcifMunftrnfESifh pmwpfapmif qdkufa&mufvsuf &Sdygoavm[k ar;jref;&m pmwdkufAdkvfonf
pmtdwftajrmuftjrm; pkyHkxm;onfhteufrS pmtdwfwpftdwfudk a&G;cs,fNyD;vQif rdrdBuD;tm; ay;av\/
]aps;csdK pmwdkufAdkvfrS aus;Zll;jyKí

rcif Munf awmif ;cHv maomtcg ay;&ef }
[k a&;om;yg&Sdonfudk awGU&Sd&av\/ ¤if;aemuf rdrdBuD;onf pmwdkufAdkvftm; aus;Zl;wifpum; ajymMum;í

jrif;&xm;ay: odkU wpfzefwufNyD;vQif pmtdwfudk vrf;c&D;ü zGifhí zwfav&m pmukd zwfNyD;onf\tqHk;ü
tvGefw&m tHhMovSonfh vu©PmESifh rdrdBuD;rSm taMumifom;ai;vsuf &Sdav\/
______
a&TOa'gif;
armifausmfjronf rdrdtBuHtpnfudk a&SUaearmifxGef;jrifh &dyfrdod&Sdrnf pdk;&drfojzifh rEÅav;NrdKUrS a&SmifcGmí

ae&onfhtaMumif;udk ,cifwpfywfu a&;om;azmfjycJhNyD;avNyD/
a&Tbdk 'dpBudwf 0ufvufNrdKUtydkif ocGwfawm&GmteD; wpfckaom a&uefBuD; eHab;ü wpfaeUaom
naecif;tcsdefwGif armifausmfjronf vlwpfa,mufESifh wD;wdk; wdkifyifvsuf &SdMu&m
jr/ /]b,fhES,fvJAsdKU udka'ge? cifAsm; 'Dudkvmwm b,folrsm; &dyfrdao;ovJ}
e/ /]b,fol &dyfrdrvJAsm? [dktrI jzpfNyD;uwnf;u rEÅav;NrdKUu xGufcGmNyD; a&mufwwf&m&m
avQmufoGm;aevdkufwm ,ckrS cifAsm; ac:vdkU vmcJhwmyJ? tpdk;& pHkaxmuf udkbwifuawmh 'DtrIudk
vufavQmhvdkufNyDqdk [kwfuJhvm;}
jr/ /]ol vufavQmhwmu udpö r&Sdbl;As? rSefwJhtwdkif; &dyfrdoGm;rSmom pdk;&drfae&wJh vlESpfa,muf &Sdw,f}
e/ /]b,folrsm;vJAsm}
jr/ /]yxr wpfa,mufu usKyfwdkU rdwfaqG udkxGef;jrifhyAsm}
e/ /][m 'Dvlu tvum;vl ygAsm? a&SUaerdkUvdkU Oya'uav; enf;enf;em;vnfwmESifh wwfa,mifum; vkyfNyD;
avQmufMuGm;aewJh vlygAs? 'gxuf ajzmifhcsuf a&;ay;vdkufwJh pmaum b,fhES,faeovJAsdKU}
jr/ /]tifpydwfawmf udkbwifu ,HkMunfwJh vu©Pm&Sdw,f? udkdxGef;jrifhawmh ,Hk[ef rwlbl;As? awmfawmf yg;wJh
vlyJ}
e/ /]'gxuf aool rtkef;pdef&JU rdwfaqG rcifMunf wpfa,mufaum b,frSm aeovJAs}
jr/ /]tr&yl& a&mufaew,fvdkU Mum;w,f}
e/ /]rawmfwq rcifMunfu rEÅav;rsm;oGm;NyD; olU oli,fcsif; rtkef;pdef b,faeovJvdkU pHkprf;cJhvdkU &Sd&if
usKyfwdkU tBuHtpnfawmh *Gusrukefaybl;vm;Asm}
jr/ /]rpdk;&drfygESifhAsm? rawmfwq rEÅav; oGm;jyefvdkU &Sd&if usKyfwdkU tBuH ysufrukefatmif usKyfu pmESifh
a&;NyD;ygNyD}
e/ /]aeygOD;Asm? rcifMunfu rtkef;pdef aowJhtaMumif;udk wpfenf;enf;ESifh odroGm;aybl;vm;Asm}
jr/ /]b,fenf;ESifh odEdkifrSmvJ? tavmif;udkvnf; ol rjrif? tavmif; tu,fvdkU oljrifapumrl aoNyD;wJhaemuf
½dkufwJh "mwfyHk qdkwm ½kyfzrf;zdkU awmfawmf cufygw,fAs}
e/ /]'gjzifh usKyfwdkU pdk;&drfzdkU &Sdwm ESpfa,muf &Sdw,fvdkU cifAsm; ajymw,f? 'kwd,vlu b,folvJAsm}
jr/ /]orm"dNrdKU0ef OD;vluav;&JU orD; rdrdBuD; ayghAs}
e/ /]rdrdBuD;vm;As? olu bmqdkifvdkU usKyfwdkU tBuH odEdkifrSmvJ}
jr/ /]bmaMumifh odw,fvdkUawmh usKyf rajymwwfbl;? odkUaomf trSef rkcs enf;enf; rouFmwJh vu©Pm &Sdw,f?
usKyfuvJ r&ru twif;vJ rar;0Hh ygbl;As? ar;vdkuf&if omNyD; rouFm jzpfoGm;rSm pdk;&ao;w,f}
e/ /]pdk;&drfzdkUyAsm? trsm;BuD; pdk;&drfzdkUy? aeOD; cifAsm;wdkU ESpfa,muf &efrsm; jzpfMuzl;ovm;}
jr/ /]rjzpf&ygbl;Asm? olYbmomol rouFm wmygyJ}
e/ /]cifAsm; udku enf;enf; vdkoGm;ygw,f? rlvuwnf;u rouFm rjzpfap&atmif cifAsm;u vkyfzdkU
aumif;w,f}
jr/ /]usKyftjypf r[kwfbl; rdwfaqG? olu b,fu b,fvdk owif;&NyD; usKyfudk rouFmwm rqdkEkdifbl;?
'DtaMumif;ESifh ywfoufNyD; usKyfudk zGifhar;zl;w,f}
e/ /]cifAsm;u 'Dawmh ouFmruif; jzpfwJhpdwf vHk;vHk;aysmufatmif ajymrjyvdkufbl;vm;}
jr/ /]ajymawmh vG,fw,f rdwfaqG? tvkyfqdkwm vkyfMunfhrS cufrSef; odwm}
e/ /]'gjzifh awmfawmf tusyfom;yJAsdKU? rdrdBuD; oabmudkvnf; usKyf odw,f? awmfawmf pdwfBuD;wJh rdef;uav;
wpfa,mufyJ? udk,fU&nf;pm; jzpfNyDaumvdkU csrf;omay;rJh rdef;uav; wpfa,muf r[kwfbl;? r[kwfrcH csifwwfwJh
oabm jywfawmufwJh pdwfoabmvnf; &Sdavawmh trIESifh awGUvm&if udk,fU&nf;pm;&,fvdkU ñSmwmvdrfUr,f
r[kwfbl;? enf;vrf; &Sdoavmufawmh jyKvdrfUr,f xifw,f}
jr/ /]cifAsm; awG;wmvJ w,fr½dkif;bl;}
e/ /]aeygOD;Asm? udkxGef;jrifh qdkwJh vlESifh rdrdBuD; ESifhu oduRrf;zl;ovm;As}
jr/ /]odyHk r&ygbl;Asm? wpfcgrS ajymoH rMum;zl;ygbl;}
e/ /]'gjzifh awmfao;&JUAsdKU? rouFmwJh vlESpfa,muf awGUqHk ESD;aESmMur,f qkd&if usKyfwdkU tBuHawG ay:ukefrSm
omNyD; pdk;&drf&w,f}
jr/ /]'gvJ rSefw,f}
e/ /]udkausmfjrudk usKyf wpfckawmh csD;rGrf; csifw,fAsm? [dkaeUu cifAsm; OD;MumñGefU a,mifaqmifNyD; ykvdyfqDrSm
wdkifcsufawG bmawG &J&J0Hh0Hh ay;0Hhwm usKyf tHhMooAsm? 'Dvdk ½kyfajymif;wJh twwfawG cifAsm; b,fwkef;u
oifxm;ovJ}
jr/ /]'DvdkayghAsm? 'Dbufu usKyfu 0goem xHkwmESifh &,fp&m armp&m jzpfatmif vkyfzdkU avhusifhNyD; xm;zl;w,f?
udkif; odkUaomf usKyfukd csD;rGrf;aevdkU udpörNyD;ao;bl;As?
usKyfwdkU tBuHudk &dyfrdwJh vlESpfa,muf &Sdwm trSefyJ? 'DESpfa,mufudk usKyfwdkUu Ekdifeif;zdkU a&SUudk b,fvdk
aqmif&Gufr,f qdkwm tBuHxkwfMuzdkUu ta&;BuD;w,f} [k ajymNyD;aemuf xdkolESpfa,mufwdkUonf aq;jyif;vdyf
udk,fpDñSdvsuf wJeHab;ü xdkifum rdrdwdkU\tBuHtpnfrsm;udk ESD;aESmwdkifyifvsuf &SdaeMuav\/
______
a&TOa'gif;
tcef ; (8)
rdrdBuD;onf armifausmfjru rcifMunfxH a&;om;ay;ydkYvdkufaom pmudk pmwdkufrS jzwfí ,lcJhNyD;aemuf pmudk
azmufí zwfrdaomtcg tvGefw&m tHhMovSaom pdwfjzpfay:cJhNyD;vQif rcifMunf taMumif;udk awG;rdwdkif;
orD;&nf;pm;wdkU bm0 jzpfay:wwfonfh remvdk 0efwdkaom pdwfonfvnf; rcHEdkifatmif zdpD;vsuf &Sdav\/
xkdtcsdefrSpí rdrdBuD;onf xdktrI udpöudk tjrpf&if;odkU wdkifatmif pHkprf;od&SdaptHh[k aeUa&m nOfUyg rdrdü &SdorQ
ÓPfudk xkdtrIü toHk;jyKvsuf &SdcJhav\/ aemufwpfaeUü rdrdBuD;onf rcifMunfqdkaom rdef;uav;rSmvnf;
¤if;trIESifh pyfvsOf;í armifausmfjrESifh BuHazmfpnfzuf jzpfrnf[k xkdpmudk axmufjcif;tm;jzifh awG;awmrdonf
jzpfí rcifMunfxHrS pum;&orQ atmuftpf npfxkwfrnfh tBuHtpnfESifh armifausmfjr\aetdrfodkU
oGm;a&mufav\/ tdrfodkU a&mufaomtcg tapcH OD;jrwfomESifh awGUí rcifMunf vma&mufcJhvQif rdrdxH ac:cJh&ef
rSmxm;NyD;vQif {nfhcef;rS apmifhqdkif;vsuf &Sdae&m wpfem&DcefUrQ Mumaomtcg rcifMunfonfvnf; a&S;enf;twl
jrif;&xm;wpfpD;ESifh qdkufa&mufvmav\/ rdef;uav; ESpfa,mufwdkUonf {nfhcef;ü xdkifum pum;ajymqdkvsuf
&SdMupOf rdrdBuD;onf rcifMunfxHrS pum;&EkdiforQ tpfatmifvSnfhywfum ar;jref;ygaomfvnf; rcifMunfrSm
vlowfrI taMumif;ESifh pyfvsOf;í tu,fpifppf rodaomaMumifh aomfvnf;aumif;? odkUwnf;r[kwf
rdrdBuD;uJhodkUyif yg;eyfaom rdef;uav; wpfa,muf jzpfaomaMumifh toGm;tvmudk &dyfrdí bl;uG,faomaMumifh
vnf;aumif; &Sdae&um; rdrdBuD;onf rnfonfh xl;jcm;aom owif;udkrQ xyfí rod&SdEdkifbJ &SdaecJhav\/
xdktcg rdrdBuD;onf pum;ppfxkd;aom tvkyfudk vufavQmhNyD;vQif tBuHwpfrsdK;ESifh? rcifMunfu rdrdtm;
EIwfqufí &xm;ESifh jyefoGm;aomtcgwGif rdrdBuD;onf tjcm;&xm; wpfpD;ay:odkUwufí wHcg;udk
tvHkydwfNyD;aemuf jrif;&xm; armif;orm;tm; a&SUrS armif;oGm;aom jrif;&xm;udk rvSrf;rurf;rS rDatmif vdkuf&ef
ajymjyav\/ jrif;&xm; ESpfpD;wdkUonf ajrmufbufodkU armif;ESifMuí aps;csdKawmfBuD;buf 'efaygufxrif;qdkif
wpfqdkifodkU a&mufaomtcg rcifMunf ygoGm;aom &xm;onf qdkifa&SUwGif &yfwefUí rcifMunfonf qdkifwGif;odkU
0ifoGm;av\/ xkdtjcif;t&mudk rdrdBuD; awGUjrif&aomtcg jrif;orm;tm; ¤if;qdkifudk ausmfvGef armif;apí
reD;ra0;odkU a&mufaomtcg &yfwefUapNyD;vQif qdkifa&SUrS wpfzef armif;ESifjyefav\/
,if;uJhodkU acgufwHkUacgufjyef qdkifa&SUrS jrif;&xm;udk armif;ESifapí rdrdBuD;onf jrif;&xm; twGif;rS qdkifudk
acsmif;ajrmif; Munfh½I rdaomtcgwGif rcifMunfonf wpfckaom pm;yGJwGif xdkifvsuf a[mif;EGrf;aom
t0wftpm;rsm; 0wfqifxm;ojzifh bdef;pm; uwfaus;udkufESifh oP²mefwlaom vlwpfa,mufESifh pdwftm;BuD;pGm
pum;ajymqdk wdkifyifvsuf &SdaeMuonfudk awGUjrif&av\/ rcifMunfrSmrl rnfonfh tpm;tpmudkrQ
rpm;raomufbJ ar;jref;&ef &SdorQudk pdwftm;xufoefpGm ar;jref; pHkprf;vsuf &Sdav&m xdkolrSmrl tpm
rawGU&onfrSm MumvSonfh vu©PmESifh yvkyfyavmif; pm;aomuf&if; acgif;ndwfum vnfndwfumjzifh &Hzef
jyefMum; ajzqdkvsuf &Sdav\/ em&D wpf0ufcefUrQ wkdifyifMuNyD;aemuf xdkol ESpfa,mufwdkUonf tjyifodkU
xGufvm&m rcifMunfonf jrif;&xm; wpfpD;ay: odkU wufawmhrnfqJqJ &SdonfwGif xdkvlonf qdkif&Sif
ukvm;xHrS cJwHESifh pmwpf&Gufudk awmif;NyD;vQif wpfpHkwpfckudk a&;om;í pm&Gufudk rcifMunf\vufodkU
ay;tyfNyD;aemuf jrif;&xm;vnf; armif;ESif oGm;av\/
xdkolrSm ESpfouf tm;&&Sdaom vu©PmESifh rcifMunf\jrif;&xm; armif;ESif oGm;&mudk arQmfMunfhum
usefae&pfonfudk rddrdBuD; awGUjrif&av\/ ¤if;aemuf rdrdBuD;onf a&S;enf;twl rcifMunf\jrif;&xm;aemufodkU
vdkufjyefap&m blwm½kHBuD;odkU ausmfvGefí a[mfukef;&yfuGufodkU a&muf&Sdaomtcg rcifMunf\jrif;&xm;onf
,dk,Gif; ysufpD;p jyKaeaom tdrftdkBuD; wpfaqmif\a&SUü &yfwefUí rcifMunfonf tdrfay: odkU wufoGm;av\/
rdrdBuD;onfvnf; rdrd\jrif;&xm;udk reD;ra0;rS &yfwefUapNyD;vQif t&dyftuJudk Munfh½Ivsuf&Sd&m q,frdepfcefU
Mumaomtcg rcifMunfonf tdrfjyifodkU xGufvmí &xm;ay: odkU wufNyD;vQif blwm½HkbufodkU armif;ESif
oGm;jyefav\/ xdktcgürlum; rdrdBuD;onf rcifMunf\aemufodkU rvdkufawmhbJ q,frdepfcefUrQ
qufvuf&yfwefU apmifhqdkif;NyD;vQif ¤if;tdrfBuD; a&SUodkU armif;ESif apav\/ tdrfa&SUü jrif;&xm;udk &yfNyD;vQif

rdrdBuD;onf tdrfay: odkU wufoGm;&m toufav;q,fausmf t&G,fcefUrQ &Sdaom tdrf&Sif rdef;rBuD;ESifh awGUí
rdef;uav; wpfa,muf rvma&mufygoavm[k ar;jref;&m ,ckyif jyefoGm;aMumif;ESifh jyefajymonfwGif
BuD;/ /]jzpf&av&Sif? enf;enf;uav; vGJoGm;wmaygh}
tdrf &S if / /]ckuav;wifyJ qif;oGm;ygw,f}
BuD;/ /]a':a':ESifh oda[mif; uRrf;a[mif; yJvm; a':a':}
tdrf &S if / /]rawGUzl; rjrifzl;ygbl; rdef;uav;&,f? rtkef;pdefESifh oli,fcsif;qdk xifyg&JU? awGUcsif&SmvdkUwJh?
rtkef;pdefuvnf; ta0; oGm;aecdkuf jzpfaew,f}
BuD;/ /]rtkef;pdefqdkwm a':a':ESifh b,fES,fawmfovJ}
tdrf &S if / /]b,fvdkrSawmh rawmfygbl; wlr&,f? orD;uav;vdk wlruav;vdk cspfcifNyD; oluvJ rdrJh zrJh?
ta':uvJ rkqdk;r jzpfavawmh twlwl aygif;pyfNyD; aeMuwmygyJ}
BuD;/ /]rtkef;pdef a':a':ESifh twlwlaewm b,favmuf MumyvJ}
tdrf &S if / /]wpfESpfausmf ESpfESpfeD;yg; &SdkygNyD}
BuD;/ /]tckawmh rtkef;pdef b,foGm;ygovJ}
tdrf &S if / /]ysOf;rem;rSm olU aqGrsdK;rsm; &SdvdkU tvnfoGm;ygw,f wlr&,f}
BuD;/ /]rtkef;pdef 'DrSm aecJhwJh tcgrSm a,mufsm; {nfhonfrsm; tvnftywf vmzl;ovm; a':a':}
tdrf &S if / /]vlwpfa,mufawmhjzifh rMumrMum vmwm jrifrdygw,f}
xdktcg rdrdBuD;onf rdrd\ tusÐtdwfü xnfhxm;aom &ifxdk; "mwfyHkudk xkwfí jyNyD;vQif
BuD;/ /]'D"mwfyHk wqdwfavmuf aoaocsmcsm Munfhyg a':a': 'Dvludk jrifzl;ovm;}
tdrf &S if / /("mwfyHkudk aocsmpGm MunfhNyD;aemuf) ][m 'Dvlaygh? rtkef;pdefqD rMumrMum vmvnfwJh armifMumñGefU
qdkwm}
BuD;/ /]emrnfrsm; rSm;yr,f a':a': pOf;pm;ygOD;? udkMumñGefU [kwfuJhvm;? udkausmfjrqdk r[kwfvm; a':a':&JU}
tdrf &S if / /]armifausmfjrvdkU rMum;zl;ygbl; wlr&,f? armifMumñGefU ygyJ}
BuD;/ /]vlawmh 'DvlyJaemf a':a':}
tdrf &S if / /]'DvlrS 'Dvltppfygawmf? ESmwH pif;pif; rsufcHk; cyfwkwfwkwfESifh a':a': aumif;aumif;BuD;
rSwfrdygw,f}
BuD;/ /]olaeawmh b,ft&yfrSm aeowJhvJ}
tdrf &S if / /]ae&yfawmh aoaocsmcsm rodbl;awmh? pdwfoabmawmh tifrwef aumif;[ef wlw,f}
BuD;/ /]'Dhjyifaum a':a': olU taMumif;udk bmrsm; odao;ovJ}
tdrf &S if / /]oluvJ pum;u cyfenf;enf;? ta':uvJ olrsm;vdk ar;vm; jref;vm; rvkyfavawmh bmrS onfhjyif
rod&ygbl; wlr&,f}
BuD;/ /]'gxuf rtkef;pdef taMumif; awmfawmf aumif;aumif; odovm;? rdbrsm;ESifh a':a':ESifhu oda[mif;
uRrf;a[mif; yJvm;}
a&TOa'gif;
tdrf &S if / /]r[kwfygbl; wlr&,f? uRrf;Muwm ESpfESpfavmufyJ &Sdygao;w,f? b,fvdk taMumif;aMumifh ar;ygovJ
wlr&,f}
BuD;/ /]tifrwef ta&;BuD;wJh udpötwGuf ar;jref;&ygw,f a':a': 'gxuf ckeifu vmar;wJh rcifMunfqdkwm
'Dudk a&mufzl;ygovm;}
tdrf &S if / /]rvmzl;ygbl; wlr&,f}
BuD;/ /]uRefrESifh 'DvlESifh[m orD;&nf;pm; b0 cspfBudKufaeMuNyD; awmif;&rff;r,fhqJqJ &SdaevdkU ar;ygw,f
a':a':&,f}
tdrf &S if / /]aeOD; wlr&,f? olwdkUawmh wpfa,mufESifh wpfa,muf cifcifrifrifawmh &SdwmyJ? ajymyHk qdkyHk trlt&m
axmufMunfhawmhjzifh orD;&nf;pm; vu©Pmawmhjzifh r&Sdbl;? odkUaomf ESpfa,mufwnf; wdk;wdk; wdk;wdk;ESifh
ajymaeMuwmawmhjzifh a':a': Mum;w,f}
BuD;/ /]orD;&nf;pm;yif r[kwfaomfvnf; wdkifyifp&m taMumif;xl; wpfpHkwpfckawmh &Sdw,fvdkU qdkcsifoaygh
a':a':}
tdrf &S if / /][kwfvdrfhr,f wlra&? vlrodatmif wdkifyifp&m taMumif; wpfckawmh &Sdw,fvdkUawmh xifw,f}
xdktcg rdrdBuD;rSm armifausmfjronf rtkef;pdefxH rMumcP vma&mufjcif;udk vnf;aumif;? rcifMunfonf

armifausmfjrxH vma&mufí armifausmfjruvnf; rcifMunfxH pmwdkufrSwqifh pmay;pm,l jyKjcif;udk
vnf;aumif;? rcifMunfESifh rtkef;pdefwdkUonf todtuRrf; jzpfMuonfudk vnf;aumif; axmufcsifh&aomf trSef
rkcs ¤if;wdkU oHk;OD; oHk;zvS,f wpfBudwfwnf; wpfÓPfwnff; jzpfí vQdKU0Sufaom udpö wpfckü twlwuG
aqmif&Gufvsuf &SdMuaMumif;udk awG;rdonfwGif pdwfESvHk;romr,m jzpfcJhav\/ tdrf&Sif ta':BuD;vnf; rdrdBuD;\
romr,m rsufESmudk jrifavvQif a,mufsm;wdkU rnfonfrSm rdef;rom; tay:ü vdrfvnf vSnfhjzm; oabmxm;
rwnfrMunf &Sdwwfjcif;rSm rdrdü udk,fawGUyif jzpfaomfvnf; xdkolrSm rdrd tuJ cwfrdoavmuf ajzmifhrwf
wnfMunfyHk&onf jzpfaomaMumifh txifvGJí pdwfESvHk; roufrom rjzpf&ef taMumif;ESifh ajymMum;ygao;
aomfvnf; rdrdBuD;url emrnf&if; twdkif; r[kwfbJ trnfvTJí todzGJUjcif;u ajzmifhrSefaom tBuHtpnf
r[kwfEdkif[k ,lqrdav\ /
¤if;aemuf rdrdBuD;onf rcifMunfESifh aemufwpfBudrf xyfrH awGUqHkcJhonf jzpfu taMumif;rsm;udk ray:vQif
ay:atmif xyfavmif;í ar;jref;OD;rnf[k tBuHjzpfonfESifh tdrf&Sif ta':BuD;tm; aus;Zl;wifpum;
ajymMum;NyD;vQif rdrd\ aetdrfodkU jyefvmcJhav\/
______
tcef ; (9)
a&Tbdk awmifvuf ocGyfawm&Gmonf teD;tyg;ü tjcm;aom &Gmrsm;uJhodkU wpfaygif; wpfpnf;wnf; pk½Hk; zGJUpnf;í
pnf;½dk;rsm; um&Hxm;jcif; r&SdbJ ig;tdrfvQif wpfpk q,ftdrfvQif wpfpk tp&Sdonfjzifh tuGJuGJ tjym;jym; wjcm;pD
&Sdaeaom &GmjyefUus,fBuD; jzpfavonf/
&Gm\ tpGef0,f ao;i,faom tdrfwpfaqmif twGif;ü armifausmfjronf a[mif;EGrf;aya&aom txnfwdkUudk
0wfqifvsuf armifa'ge qdkolESifh wD;wdk; wdkifyifvsuf &SdMu&m
e/ /]rcifMunfESifh awGYatmif oGm;r,fqdkwJh tBuH[m awmfr,f rxifygbl; udkausmfjr&,f}
jr/ /]bmaMumifhvJAs}
e/ /]ckae tcgrSm rEÅav;udk cifAsm; oGm;zdkU oifhawmfr,f vdkUudk usKyf rxifbl;}
jr/ /]b,fhES,f vkyfrvJ udka'ge? rcifMunfu rdrdBuD;ESifh awGUcJhw,fvdkU pma&;vdkufavawmh rdrdBuD;u 'DtrIrSm
b,favmuftxd odw,fqdkwm usKyf aoaocsmcsm odcsifw,fAs}
e/ /]'guawmh cifAsm; oabm ayghAsm? odkUaomfvnf; owd 0D&d,ESifhom oGm;ayawmh udkausmfjr? armifxGef;jrifh
qdkwJh vluvJ awmfawmf yg;wJh vlAs? rcifMunfESifh yl;aygif;NyD; wpfywf½dkufrSmudkvJ pdk;&ao;w,f}
jr/ /]cifAsm; pdk;&drfwmvJ w,fr½dkif;bl;? odkUaomf pdwfcsygAsm? owdwref ÓPfajruwkwf qdkwJh pum;vdk owd
0D&d,udk raygh ravsmhapbJ onf&efudk usKyf BuHNyD; NzdKzsufcJhr,fAsm? rpdk;&drfygESifh? udkif; ajymae Muma&mhr,f?
rD;&xm;vnf; tcsdefeD;NyD xifw,fAsdKU? blwmudk oGm;vdkufOD;rS awmfr,f? usKyf r&SdwJh tcgrSm cifAsm; uvJ
rayghravsmh apESifhAs? MuyfMuyf owdxm;&pfAsm? Mum;vm;}
e/ /]usKyf twGufawmh pdwfcs&pfyg udkausmfjr&,f}
¤if;aeU ajcmufem&D tcsdefcefUwGif armifausmfjronf aumif;rGef oyf&yfpGm qif,if 0wfpm;vsuf rEÅav; blwmodkU
qdkufvmaom ppfudkif;&xm; ay:rS qif;oufNyD;vQif jrif;&xm; wpfpD;ESifh tmV0Dvrf;&Sd [dkw,fodkU
oGm;a&mufav\/ [dkw,fodkU qdkufa&mufNyD;aemuf armifausmfjronf acsmifusaom tcef; wpfcef;udk 0ifoGm;
NyD;aemuf pm;p&m tenf;i,fudk rSmxm;í apmifhqdkif;vsuf&SdpOf [dkw,fa&SUü jrif;&xm;wpfpD; qdkufa&mufjyefí
rcifMunfonf &xm;ay:rS qif;vmav\/ rcifMunfonfvnf; bdGKifukvm;udk ar;jref;í armifausmfjr &Sd&m
tcef;odkU 0ifoGm;NyD;aemuf xdkol ESpfa,mufwdkUonf 0rf;ajrmuf 0rf;om EIwfqufMuav\/ ¤if;wdkU ESpfa,muf
onf oda[mif; uRrf;a[mif; jzpfMuonfh twdkif; avmu0wf ysLiSm tmvmy ov’my pum; ajymqdkMuNyD;aemuf
Munf/ /]tHhMoyg&JU&Sif? uRefr vmr,f qdkwm od&ufom;ESifh wu,fvdkU udpö ta&;BuD;wJh twGuf ta0;NrdKU&Gm
oGm;&apumrl tdrfrSmawmh rSmxm;cJhzdkU aumif;ygw,f}
jr/ /]rSmcJhom;yJudk;? rcifMunf pmwdkufrSm pmoGm;NyD; ,lzdkU OD;jrwfomu rajymbl;vm;}
Munf/ /]rajymyguvm;&Sif}
jr/ /(tHhMovsuf) ][m b,fhES,f r[kwfwm? OD;jrwfomu rajymbl;vm;}
Munf/ /(acgif;cgvsuf) ][ifhtif; bmrS rajymbl;&Sifh}
jr/ /]b,fhES,fvJAsm? rcifMunf vmvdkU&Sd&if aps;csdK pmwdkufBuD;oGm; rcifMunf emrnfESifh pmwpfapmif
ra&mufbl;vm;vdkU ar;zdkU usKyf rSmxm;cJhw,f}
Munf/ /]ajymvJ rajym? pmvJ r&bl;&Sifh}
jr/ /]OD;jrwfomBuD; b,fhES,f vkyfygvdrfhrvJ? w,f *Guswmudk;}
a&TOa'gif;
Munf/ /]'D[m aeygapawmh&Sif? vlcsif; awGUMuNyD? pmr&ayr,fh ta&;rBuD;yg&Sif? rtkef;pdef wpfa,muf

aysmufaewm cufvSw,f? ysOf;rem; oGm;w,fqdkvkdU oHBudK;½dkufNyD; ar;awmhvJ olU aqGrsdK;rsm; rtkef;pdef rvmwJh
taMumif; oHBudK; jyef½dkufygw,f? 'gESifh ol b,fudk oGm;wwfwmudk udkausmfjr rodbl;vm;&Sif}
jr/ /][m usKyfvJ bmod rvJAsm? ta0; oGm;aewJh vlar;vdkU b,frSmajymEdkifrvJ rcifMunf}
Munf/ /]uRefrjzifh rtkef;pdef twGufrS pdwfrat;bl; &Sif? olaewJh tdrfu ta':u ajymawmhvJ ysOf;rem; oGm;wm
15 &ufavmuf &SdNyDwJh? uRefruvJ 15 &ufavmuf twGif;uyJ rtkef;pdefqDu rEÅav;rS aeNyD; ay;vdkufwJh
pmwpfapmif &ao;w,f}
jr/ /]b,frvJAs? 'Dpm ygao;vm;}
Munf/ /]pmawmh rygbl;&Sif? tdrfrSm arhusef&pfcJhw,f}
jr/ /]bm taMumif;rsm;vJ Asm}
Munf/ /]tvGef ta&;BuD;wJh udpö wpfck &SdvdkU uRefrESifh wdkifyifcsif ygw,fwJh? uRefruvJ csufcsif; rtm;wmESifh
rvmEkdifbl;&Sifh? vmjyefawmhvnf; a[m olESifh rawGUbl;}
jr/ /]ta&;BuD;wJh udpöqdkwm b,fvdk udpörsm;vJ rcifMunf rawG;rdbl;vm;}
Munf/ /]uRefr awG;rdwmuawmh tdrfaxmif&ufom; jyKzdkU tBuHtpnf&SdvdkU uRefrESifh wdkifyifcsifw,f
xifwmygyJ&Sif}
jr/ /]b,folESifhrsm; xifrdvdkUvJ}
Munf/ /][dkwkef;uawmh udkausmfjrESifh[m ta&mw0if aeMuavawmh &D;wD;&m;wm; xifrdayw,f&Sif}
jr/ /]xif&ifvJ vGJrSmaygh rcifMunf? usKyfwdkUu armifvdk ESrvdk cspfcifMuwmyJ? usKyfrSmvJ orm"dNrdKU0ef
OD;vluav;&JU orD; rdrdBuD;ESifh awmif;awmh &rf;awmhr,f qJqJom;yJ}
Munf/ /]uRefr odygw,f}
jr/ /]aeygOD;Asm? rcifMunfESifh rdrdBuD;ESifh b,frSm awGUMuwmvJ}
Munf/ /]&Sifh tdrfrSm awGUwmaygh}
jr/ /(rsufvHk; jyL;vsuf) ]aMomf [kwfvm;? b,fyHk awGUMuwmvJ Asm}
Munf/ /]uRefru &SifESifh awGUcsifvdkU &SifhtdrfoGm;awmh ola&mufESifh aevdkU qD;NyD; {nfhcHw,f&Sifh? 'Dawmh uRefrwdkU
{nfhcef;rSm xdkifNyD; &Sifh taMumif;udk twefMumBuD; ajymMuao;w,f}
jr/ /]aeygOD;Asm? rtkef;pdef taMumif;rsm; ygMuao;ovm;}
Munf/ /]BuHBuHpnfpnf&Sif? vlwpfbufom;udk remvdk 0efwdkwJh pdwf jzpfay:apatmif uRefr tvum; vkyfyrvm;
&Sif}
jr/ /]rSefayw,f rSefayw,f? 'gESifh rtkef;pdef b,foGm;w,fqdkwm usKyf odvdkufw,f xifNyD; rcifMunfu
usKyfqD vmar;wmayghav}
Munf/ /]&SifwdkU ESpfOD;[m tifrwef tuRrf;0ifwJh rdwfaqG jzpfavawmh odwefaumif;yg&JUvdkU ar;&wmygyJ&Sif}
jr/ /(pOf;pm; pdwful;aeonfh vu©PmESifh twefMum qdkif;iHh aeNyD;aemuf) ]xGufoGm;wm 15 &ufavmuf &SdNyD?
pm&wmuvJ 10 &ufavmuf &Sdao;w,f? awmfawmfawmh tawG;& usyfwmyJAsdKU}
Munf/ /]tawG;& cufwm aeygOD;&Sifh? wqdwfavmuf ulnDNyD; &Smay;zdkUaum rwwfEdkifbl;vm;? udkausmfjr}

jr/ /]w,fcufw,fAs? rdrdBuD;ESifh r*FvmaqmifcgeD; qJqJ jzpfavawmh rawmfwq olMum;oGm;rSjzifh rouFmp&m
jzpfygvdrfhr,f rcifMunf&,f}
Munf/ /]uRefr txif ajym&rSmjzifh rdrdBuD;u tckvJyJ &Sifh tay:rSm rouFmbl; xifw,f}
jr/ /]bm rouFmwmvJ rcifMunf}
Munf/ /]bm&,fvdkUawmh uRefr rajymEdkifbl;? ol ajymyHk qdkyHk ar;yHk jref;yHk axmufcsifhNyD; Munfh&wm &Sifh tay:rSm
ouFmruif;bl;vdkU uRefr xifw,f}
jr/ /(wkefvIyfaom trlt&mESifh) ]rtkef;pdef taMumif;awmh ol odyHk r&ygbl;aemf? rcifMunfu bmrS pum;pyfNyD;
rajymcJhbl; r[kwfvm;}
Munf/ /]rajymygbl;&Sif}
jr/ /]aumif;ygw,fAsm}
Munf/ /]'gwJh aeygOD; udkausmfjr&,f? ckwavm &Sif rEÅav;u cGmNyD;aewm 0g;&rf;ajy;aeovdk bmvdkvdk
xifaeMuyguvm;}
jr/ /(rsufvHk;jyL;vsuf) ]tvdk b,folawGu xifwmvJ rcifMunf&JU}
Munf/ /]rdrdBuD; ajymyHk qdkyHk axmufMunfh&awmh 'DvdkyJ xifyHk&w,f? wdkuf½dkufBuD;awmh zGifhNyD;ajymwm
r[kwfbl;aygh? &SifhrSm bmrIvJ&Sifh b,ftwGufvJ&Sifh}
jr/ /]xifcsifovdk xifMuygapAsm? aemufqHk;wpfaeUusawmh bGif;bGif;BuD; ay:ygvdrfhr,f}
Munf/ / ]aeygOD;? bmrIvJ ajymprf;ygOD;&Sifh}
jr/ /]ckawmh rajymyg&apeJU rcifMunf? odkUaomf rcifMunfwpfck usKyfudk uwdxm;&vdrfhr,f}
Munf/ /]bmrsm;vJ&Sif}
jr/ /]'DuaeU rcifMunfESifh awGUqHkwJh taMumif; b,foludkrS rajymygbl;qdkwm uwdxm;apcsifw,fAsm}
Munf/ /]rajymygbl;&Sif? pdwfomcsyg}
xdktcgüum; bGdKifukvm;wpfa,mufonf tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifvmí ykvdyft&m&Sd wpfa,mufu ]rdef;rqyf} tm;

awGUvdkí tjyifrS apmifhqdkif;vsuf &SdaMumif; ajymqdkonfwGif ESpfOD;pvHk;wdkUrSm &ifwGif;ü xdwfceJ
jzpfoGm;Muavaomfvnf; jyifyürll rsufESmrysufapbJ rcifMunfu csdKomaom toHjzifh ]ac:cJhyg? ac:cJhyg?
0ifcJhygap} ajymvdkufojzifh bGdKifukvm;onf tjyifodkU xGufoGm;av\/
a&TOa'gif;
tcef ;(10)
bdGKifukvm; xGufoGm;NyD;onfESifh wNydKifeuf armifausmfjronf xdkif&mrS ½kwfw&uf xí
]rcifMunfudk usKyf rSmxm;yg&apaemf? ckeifu xm;cJhwJh uwdudk rarhygESifh? udkif; usKyf oGm;OD;r,f} [k ajymNyD;
armifausmfjronf xrif;csuf pm;yGJrsm; &Sdonfh [dkw,f tapcHrsm; &Sd&m rD;zdkbufodkU aemufaz;wHcg;jzifh
xGufoGm;í rD;zkdacsmifodkU a&mufaomtcg tdrfom oGm;rnfa,mifa,mif jyKNyD;aemuf [dkw,faemufaz;
wdkufwHcg;rS xGufoGm;av\/
,if;odkU &SdpOf pHkaxmuf armifbwifonf rcifMunf&Sd&m tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifí

wif/ /]rcifMunf qdkwm rSwfw,f}
Munf/ /(½Tifys Munfvifaom rsufESmxm;ESifh) ]rSefygw,f&Sif? bmudpöygvJ}
wif/ /]ar;p&muav; &SdvdkUyg? rcifMunfudk ar;yg&ap}
Munf/ /]ar;Edkifygw,f&Sif}
wif/ /]'Dtcef;xJrSm rcifMunfeJU vlwpfa,mufeJU pum;ajymaeMuw,f r[kwfvm;? tck ol b,fa&mufoGm;ovJ}
Munf/ /]xGufoGm;ygNyDaum &Sifh}
wif/ /]tvdk b,fu xGufoGm;ovJ Asm}
Munf/ /]ol xGufoGm;wmygyJ&Sif? 'geJU uRefrudk awGUcsifw,f qdkwm b,fvdk taMumif; xl;vdkUvJ&Sif}
wif/ /]ol b,fxGufoGm;ovJ ajymprf;yg? &D;wD;,m;wm; rvkyfprf;ygESifh} [k ajymNyD;aemuf armifbwifonf
tcef;jyifü apmifhaeaom ykvdyf wpfa,muftm; 0g;&rf;ajy; wpfa,muf xGufajy;ESifhaMumif; ajymqdkí csufcsif;
vdkuf&SmazGMu&ef trdefU ay;av\/
¤if;aemuf armifbwifonf rcifMunftm; ar;cGef; trsdK;rsdK; xkwfvsuf&Sd&m rcifMunfonfvnf;
armifbwif\vdk&if;tcsufudk em;rvnfonfh vu©PmESifh a0hvnfvnf ajzqdkvsuf &Sdav\/
wif/ /(rsufarSmifukwfum rcifMunftm; Munfhvsuf) ]'D tcef;xJrSm armifausmfjr qdkwJh vlESifh cifAsm;ESifh pum;
ajymaeMuw,f r[kwfvm;}
Munf/ /]b,fwkef;uvJ}
wif/ /]tckuav;wif? tckuav;wif}
Munf/ /]uRefr rdwfaqG rtkef;pdef qdkwm wpfa,muf aysmufaeavawmh awGUatmif &Smay;Edkifrvm;vdkU}
wif/ /]pum; r&Snfprf;ygESifh? ar;wm ajymprf;yg? 'Dvl b,fvrf;u xGufoGm;ovJ}
Munf/ /]b,folvJ&Sif}
wif/ /]ckeifu pum;ajymaewJh vl[mav}
Munf/ /]aeygOD;? &Sif awGUcsifwJh vlu b,folwJhvJ}
wif/ /]armifausmfjrav armifausmfjr}
Munf/ /][if 'gjzifh &SifvGJaeNyD? ckeifu xoGm;wJh vlu udkausmfjr r[kwfbl;? udkMumñGefU wJh&Sif}
wif/ /]b,fu udkMumñGefU&rSmvJ? armifausmfjryg usKyf odygw,f}

Munf/ /]udkausmfjr jzpfjzpf udkMumñGefU jzpfjzpf? b,fvdk trIESifh awGUcsifvdkUygvJ &Sif? zrf;qD;csifvdkUygvm;?
bmrIrsm;vJ}
wif/ /]bmrI jzpfjzpf cifAsm;ESifh rqdkifygbl;}
xdktcg pHkaxmuf armifbwifonf ¤if;oli,fronfum; csdef;ajcmufí &rnf r[kwfaom oli,fr wpfa,muf
jzpfaMumif;udk od&SdonfESifh acsmharmhí ar;jref;OD;rnf[k tBuHESifh
wif/ /]b,fvdktrI&,fvdkUawmh zGifhNyD;ajymzdkU usKyfta&;rydkifbl;As? odkUaomf tpdk;&t&m&Sdqdkwm vlaumif;olaumif;
rsm; Nidrf;csrf;om,mpGm aexkdifEdkifMuzdkU vlqdk; olqdk;rsm;udk zrf;qD; ESdyfuGyfzdkU 0wÅ&m;&SdwJh twGuf 0wå&m;twdkif;
aqmif&Guf&jcif; jzpfygw,fAsm? 'Dawmh usKyf ar;wmudk rcifMunfu rSefrSef ajymprf;yg? ckeifu vl[m udkausmfjryJ
r[kwfvm;}
Munf/ /]uRefr odorQjzifh udkMumñGefU&,fvdkU odcJhzl;ygw,f&Sif}
wif/ /]b,f udkMumñGefU rsm;ygvdrfhrvJ Asm? "m;wef;u vlowfrIESifh ajzmifhcsufay;xm;wJh udkMumñGefUrsm; jzpfav
a&mUovm;? olUpm t&rSmawmh olUudk,fol owfNyD; aoawmhr,f? tck raobJ &SdaecJhw,f qdkvQif 'DtrI[m
½Iyfonfxuf ½IyfaxG;ukefjyef awmhrSmyguvm;? udkausmfjr jzpfap udkMumñGefU jzpfap ckeifu vl[m vlqdk;As?
'Dawmh vlqdk;udk zrf;zdkU rcifMunf ulnDapvkd w,fAsm}
Munf/ /]b,fvdk ulnD&rSmvJ&Sifh}
wif/ /]ol tck b,frSm aew,f qdkwm rcifMunf rodbl;vm;}
Munf/ /]b,fu odrSmvJ &Sif? udpöuav; wpfck &SdvdkU 'Dae&mrSm awGUqHkzdkU aMu;eef; ½dkufvdkufavawmh
qHkrdMujcif; jzpfygw,f? b,frSm aew,f vdkUawmh uRefr trSef rodyg}
xkdtcgüum; armifbwifonf rcifMunfxHrS ¤if;taMumif;ESifh ywfoufí owif;xl; &&Sd&ef rarQmfvifhawmhonf

jzpfaomaMumifh [dkw,frS xGufoGm;í ykvdyf t&m&SdwdkUtm; rD;&xm; blwm½Hk? oabFmqdyf tp&Sdonfh ae&mwdkUrS
apmifhqdkif; Munfh½I&ef apvTwfvsuf &Sdav\/
______
a&TOa'gif;
tcef ; (11)
txufyg tjcif;t&mwdkU jzpfysufcJhonfh aemufwpfaeU eHeufcif; tcsdefwGif rdrdBuD;onf a&SUae armifxGef;jrifh
\tvkyfcef;udk 0ifoGm;&m armifxGef;jrifhonf aumif;rGefpGm ae&mxdkfifcif; ay;NyD;aemuf armifausmfjronf
rcifMunfESifh tmV0Dvrf; [dkw,fü tcsdef;tcsuf ay;í ,refaeUuyif awGUqHkaMumif;? ¤if;taMumif;udk pHkaxmuf
armifbwifu owif;&í oGm;a&muf zrf;rnf jyKaomtcg armifausmfjronf vufrwifuav;rQ vGwfí
oGm;aMumif;rsm; ajymqdkonfwGif
BuD;/ /(wkefvIyfaom trlt&mESifh) ]aeygOD;&Sif? udkausmfjr owfw,fvdkU &SifwdkU odMuovm;}
jrifh / /]xifp&m&Sdw,f r&Sdbl; qdkwJh oljyKvkyfyHk trlt&mudkyJ axmufcsifh MunfhawmhAsm}
BuD;/ /]'gjzifh [dk rdef;ruav;udk owfwm trSefyJaygh}
jrifh / /]uRefawmfjzifh 'DvdkyJ xifrdw,f? rdrdBuD;yJ pOf;pm;Munfhawmhav? wu,fqdk&if jypfrI r&SdygbJvsuf vlwpfOD;
wpfa,muf[m ykef;a&SmifNyD; aew,fvdkU b,frSm awGUzl;ovJ rdrdBuD;&JU? NyD;awmh wpfcsufu rcifMunfqDudk
udkausmfjru a&;ay;wJh pmudkvJ rdrdBuD; jrif&w,fqdk r[kwfvm;? {uef rkcs olwdkU ESpfOD;[m wpfBudwfxJ
wpfÓPfxJ tBuHwpfck &SdvdkU[myJ rdrdBuD;&JU}
BuD;/ /]'gjzifh &SifajymyHkawmh 'DtrI rcifMunfvJ ygoayghav}
jrifh / /]ygw,fvdkU qdk&vdrfUr,f}
rdrdBuD;rSm armifausmfjrtm; ESpfrsm;pGm cspfBudKufívmcJhaom &nf;pm;wpfa,muf jzpfojzifh toufwrQ
cspfcifpHkrufonf rSefaomfvnf; e*dk&f oabmtm;jzifh BuD;&ifh jrifhjrwfaom pdwf&Sdonfh tjyif trdtz wdkUuvnf;
enf;pepfuseatmif Muyfwnf;pGm qHk;roGefoifcJhonf jzpfaomaMumifh tu,fí armifausmfjronf jypfrI
wpfpHkwpf&mudk usL;vGefcJhonf jzpfygvQif ¤if;jypfrI twGuf armifausmfjrü tjypf'Pf ay;jcif;cH&í rdrdüvnf;
&ifuGJemESifh ao&apumrl rw&m;aom tjyKtrludk ulnDaqmif&Guf vQdKU0Suf xdrfcsefvdrfhrnfh rdef;uav; wpfOD;
wpfa,muf r[kwfacs/ ,if;odkU jzpf&um; armifausmfjru rdrdBuD;tm; cGJcGmcgeD; qJqJwGif ajymMum;cJhaom
pum;wdkUrSm ouFm ruif;zG,f&m &SdaomaMumifh rdrdBuD;onf armifxGef;jrifhtm; ¤if;\tjcif;t&mudk
ajymqdkonfwGif
jrifh / /]udkausmfjru awmfawmfyg;wJh vlwpfa,mufyJ? onftrI[m aemufqHk;wpfaeU usawmh olUudk
ywfvdrfUr,fqdkwm odavawmh rdrdBuD; qDrSm olu wiful;NyD; olUbufom; jzpfatmif ajymESifh xm;wmudk;
rdrdBuD;&JU? olu 'Dvdk wiful;NyD; ajymxm;ESifhwJh twdkif; rdrdBuD;u olUpum; em;0ifNyD; olajymovdk ,HkMunfaew,f
r[kwfvm;}
BuD;/ /]uRefr trSef ajym&rSmjzifh ,ck txdrSm udkausmfjr tay:ü 'dG[ruif; &Sdwkef;yJ jzpfw,f? trSefyJ
oljyKovm; rjyKvm; qdkwm ra0cGJEdkifatmif &Sdaeygao;w,f? tck ol wdrf;a&SmifNyD; aejcif;[mvJ 'DtrIaMumifh
r[kwfbJ 'djyif udpöwpfckrsm; &Sdava&mhovm;vdkUvJ uRefr xifrdygw,f}
jrifh / /(NyHK;&,fvsuf) ]udk,f cspfcif MuifemvmcJhwJh &nf;pm; wpfOD; wpfa,muf[m ,ckvdk trIrsdK; jyKwwfw,f
qdkwm ½kwfw&uf ,HkzdkU cJ,Of;ayrSmayghav? uRefawmfawmifrSyif rdwfaqG jzpf½HkrQESifh Mum;p wkef;ursm;jzifh
,Hkawmif r,Hkrdygbl; cifAsm;? odkUaomfvnf; aemuffxyf Mum;&wJh taMumif;rsm;udk csifhcsdefNyD; MunfYjyefawmhvJ
r,HkcsifvdkU rae&atmif jzpfaeNyD rdrdBuD;&JU}
BuD;/ /]odkUaomfvnf; 'Dvdk &Sdygw,f&Sif? olESifh awGUwJh tcgusawmh b,fvdk &Sif;vif; ajymOD;r,f qdkwm
rodEdkifMuao;ygbl;? olU &Sif;vif;csufudk rMum;&rD vlwpfbufom;udk tjypfqdkzdkUvJ cJ,Of;ygw,f}
jrifh / /]rSefygw,f rdrdBuD; ajymwmvJ rSefygw,f? ½Hk;a&mufwJh tcgusvdkU ½Hk;rif;a&SUrSm olU xkacscsufudk Mum;&NyD
qdkawmhrS qHk;jzwfEkdifMurSmudk; rdrdBuD;&JU? ,ckawmhjzifh xifcsufavmufom ajymqdkMu&wmyJ}
armifxGef;jrifhrSm a&SUae wpfa,muf jzpfaomfvnf; pHkaxmufbuf qdkif&m vkyfief;ü rsm;pGm txHk 0goem
yg&Sdonfjzpfí ¤if;vlowfrIESifh pyfvsOf;í tpdk;& pHkaxmufbufqdkif&m t&m&Sdrsm;ESifh wGJbufNyD;vQif rsm;pGm
BudK;yrf; axmufvSrf; cJhzl;avonf/ ¤if;\vHkUv 0D&d, aMumifhvnf; ykvdyf t&m&SdwdkU trSwfwrJhESifh *½krjyKrdaom
tcsufi,frsm;pGm wdkUudk xif&Sm;pGm xGufay:í vmaponf jzpfaomaMumifh ¤if;trIü w&m;cHrSm tjcm;ol r[kwf?
armifausmfjr jzpfaMumif;udkvnf; xif&Sm;onfxuf xif&Sm;apcJhav\/
¤if;aemuf armifxGef;jrifh ESifh rdrdBuD;wdkUonf xdktrI udpEö Sifh pyfvsOf;í qufvuf fwdkifyifMujyef&m aemufqHk;ü
rdrdBuD;u rnfonfhenf;ESifh rqdk rcifMunfudk awGUatmif &SmNyD;vQif ay:atmif ar;jref;rnf? ¤if;
vlowfrIwGifvnf; rnfuJhodkU oufqdkifonfudk pHkprf;OD;tHh [k ajymqdkí xGufvmcJhav\/
rdrdBuD; xGufoGm;NyD;aemuf armifxGef;jrifhonf armifausmfjrESifh rdwfaqG jzpfzl;onfhtwdkif; ¤if; xHrS "mwfyHk wpfck
&zl;onfjzpfí pm;yGJ tHqGJü odrf;í xm;aom armifausmfjr\"mwfyHkudk xkwfNyD;vQif rsufESm cyfNyHK;NyHK;ESifh "mwfyHkudk
pm;yGJay:ü jrifomavmufaom ae&mwGif axmifí xm;NyD;vQif Oya'pmtkyfrsm;udk vSefavSm Munfh½Ivsuf&Sd&m
wpfcPrQ Mumaomtcg pHkaxmuf armifbwifonf tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifvmav\/ trI taMumif;ESifh pyfvsOf;í
tenf;i,f wdkifyif ajymqdkMuNyD;aemuf armifbwifonf ukvm;xdkifrS xí jyefawmhrnf jyKonfwGif pm;yGJay:ü
axmifxm;aom "mwfyHkudk jrifojzifh tHhMoaom trlt&mESifh
wif/ /]tvdk onf"mwfyHk[m udkMumñGeUf qdkwJh vl&JU "mwfyHk r[kwfvm;? cifAsm; b,fu &xm;ovJ}
jrifh / /]b,fu udkMumñGefUvJAsm? usKyf rodyguvm;}
wif/ /]"m;wef;u vlowfrIrSm ajzmifhcsufay;NyD; udk,fUudk,fudk owfypfw,f qdkwJh vl[mav}
jrifh / /]r[kwfygbl;As? 'D[mu usKyf rdwfaqG udkausmffjr&JU "mwfyHkyg}
wif/ /]rSef;prf;ygOD;Asm? usKyf aoaocsmcsm Munfhprf;yg&apOD;}
¤if;aemuf armifbwifonf "mwfyHkudk vSrf;,lí jywif;aygufteD;odkU oGm;NyD;vQif aocsmpGm Munfh½INyD;aemuf
wif/ /]udkMumñGefU&JUyHk tppfygyJAsm? rdef;uav; tavmif;udk olUwdkufrSm awGUw,fvdkU qdkNyD; |memtkyf
armifoef;azqD wdkifcsuf vmay;wkef;u usKyf &Sdaecdkuf rdkUvdkU aoaocsmcsm jrifvdkuf&ygw,fAsm? 'D[m
udkMumñGefU qdkwJh vl&JU "mwfyHk tppfygyJ}
jrifh / /]cifAsm; rSm;ygvdrfUr,f udkbwif? 'D[m usKyf rdwfaqG udkausmfjr&JU "mwfyHk ygAsm}
wif/ /]usKyfwdkY pHkaxmuf qdkwJh vlqdkwmu rsufESmudk wpfcg jrifzl;&if arhEkdifwJhvl r[kwfbl;As? cifAsm;u
b,fvdkyJ ajymajym udkMumñGefUrS udkMumñGefUyJ? usKyfuawmh ravQmhbl;}
¤if;aemuf rdwfaqG ESpfa,mufonf "mwfyHk taMumif;ESifh pyfvsOf;í twefMum jiif;cHkMuNyD;aemuf aemufqHk;ü
udkausmfjr qdkolESifh armifMumñGefU qdkolwdkUonf vlwpfOD;wnf; jzpfaMumif;udk oabmwlnDav\/ xdkUaemuf
wif/ /]cifAsm; rdwfaqG[m w,f ÓPfrsm;wJh vlyguvm; AsKdU? &efukefu a&mufwJh yGJpm;BuD;av; bmav;ESifh
wdkufcef;awG bmawG iSm;NyD; b,fvdk tBuHtpnfESifh wpfudk,fwnf; ESpfudk,fcGJwmvJAsm? 'D rdef;uav;udk owfcsif
vdkU wrifoufouf ÓPfqifwmvm;? owfcsifjyef&ifvJ b,fvdkrsm; &efñdI;&SdvdkUvJAsm? &efñId;&Sdw,fqdkwm od&
atmif[mvJ 'Drdef;uav;[m b,folb,f0g jzpfw,fqdkwm a&S;OD;pGm odzdkU ta&;BuD;w,f? b,folrsm;vJAsm?
cifAsm;wdkU todxJursm; jzpfaervm;? cifAsm; r&dyfrdbl;vm;}
a&TOa'gif;
jrifh / /]odcsdefwefawmh odygvdrfUr,f xifyg&JU cifAsm? b,fvdk taMumif;aMumifh owfw,fqdkwm usKyf

xifjrifcsuf ay;&rSmjzifh aool rdef;uav;u armifausmfjr&JU taMumif;udk &dyfrd[ef &Sdw,f? &dyfrdvdkUvJ
vlodrSmpdk;wJh twGuf EIwfydwfvdkwJh oabmESifh wpfcgwnf; tqHk;pD&ifvdkufw,fvdkU usKyf xifw,f}
wif/ /]EdkU 'gjzifh aysmufoGm;w,f qdkwJh pmcsKyf puúLawGu b,fhES,fvJAsm}
jrifh / /]usKyf txifawmh udkausmfjr odkUr[kwf udkMumñGefU r&SdcdkufrSm aool rdef;uav;u pmcsKyfawGudk
wdwfwqdwf cdk;Munfhaewm rdavawmh a'gotavsmuf pD&ifvdkufw,fvdkUvJ awG;p&m &Sdw,f}
wif/ /]cifAsm; awG;wmvJ ra0;vSbl; xifw,f}
jrifh / /]usKyfawmh ausaeNyDAsm? tpu 'DvdkrSef; rodvdkU cifAsm;wdkU udpörSm yg0ifNyD; aqmif&Gufrdayw,f? tckawmh
w&m;cHu wjcm;ol r[kwf? udk,fESifh tifrwef cifaewJh rdwfaqGwpfa,muf jzpfaeavawmh odyfNyD; tm;emzdkU
aumif;oAsm}
wif/ /]cifAsm;vJ pHkaxmufbufrSm 0goemygwJh vlwpfa,muf jzpfavawmh usKyfwdkU tpdk;& t&m&Sdrsm;
oabmxm; ovdkyJ xm;rS awmfr,fAs? jypfrI usL;vGefwJh vlqdk&if rdwfaqG ruvdkU nD&if; tpfudkyJ jzpfap
om;orD; jzpfap w&m;Oya'&SdwJh twdkif; aqmif&Guf Mu&awmhrSmudk;As? vlqdk; wpfa,mufrSef; od&ufESifh udk,fu
oem;vdkU ñSmvdkufr,f qdk&if olUtwGufESifh jynfoltrsm; 'ku©yGm;ukefrSmukd pdk;&drf&ao;w,f udkxGef;jrifh&JU}
jrifh / /]rSefygw,f rSefygw,f? 'D[mawG usKyf odvdkUvJ 'DtrIrSm qufvufNyD; aqmif&GufaewmayghAs}
¤if;aemuf rdwfaqG ESpfa,mufwdkUonf tpdk;& Oya't& vlowfrI wpfck jzpfyGm;&mü aoaomolonf rnfolrnf0g
jzpfonfudk a&S;OD;pGm od&SdrSomvQif w&m;cHudk vHkavmufpGm pGJcsuf wifEkdifonf jzpfí aoaom rdef;uav;onf
rnfolrnf0g jzpfonfudk axmufvSrf; pHkprf;&ef ta&;BuD;aMumif;? rcifMunf qdkaom rdef;uav;rSmvJ aool
oli,frudk od&Sdonf[k awG;xif&ef &Sdonf jzpfaomaMumifh ¤if;tm; xyfrH ppfaq;&aomf oifhavsmfrnf
xifaMumif;ESifh ajymqdk wdkifyifMuNyD;vQif armifbwifonf armifxGef;jrifh tvkyfcef;rS xGufvmcJhav\/
______
tcef ; (12)
wpfaeUoü a&SUae armifxGef;jrifhonf rdrd tvkyfcef;ü owif;pm wpfapmifudk zwf½Ivsuf&SdpOf tapcH
wpfa,mufonf tceff;wGif;odkU 0ifvmí rdrdrSm rddrdBuD;xHrS apvTwfvdkufol jzpfaMumif;? rdrdBuD;u
vlowfrItaMumif;ESifh pyfvsO;fí armifxGef;jrifhESifh txl; wdkifyif&ef taMumif;wpfck &SdaMumif;? rcifMunfESifhvnf;
awGUNyD;jzpfí owif;xl; wpfck ESpfck Mum;od&aMumif;? tdrfüvnf; trdtzwdkU r&Sdcdkuf jzpfojzifh armifxGef;jrifh
tm;vyfygu ,ck csufcsif; vma&mufapvdkaMumif;ESifh ajymMum;onfwGif armifxGef;jrifhu rMumrDtwGif;
vmcJhygrnf[k rSmxm;vdkufojzifh tapcHonf jyefoGm;av\/
tapcH jyefoGm;NyD;aemuf armifxGef;jrifhonf trIudpöESifh pyfvsOf;í wpfa,mufwnf; qifjcifpOf;pm;vsuf&Sd&m
rcifMunfonf rdrdBuD;tm; rnfonfh owif;xl;udk ajymMum;í aeavoenf;? rcifMunfESifh armifausmfjrwdkU
ESpfudk,fUwpfpdwf jzpfaeMuonfhjyif rcifMunf udk,fwdkifuvnf; tvGefw&m yg;eyfaom rdef;uav;
jzpfaomaMumifh armifausmfjr vGwfapavmufatmif owif; wpfpHkwpf&mudk &ygrnfavm ponfjzifh awG;awm
pdwful;í jrif;&xm; wpfpD;ESifh rdrdBuD;\ tdrfodkU vmcJhav\/
armifxGef;jrifhonf rddrd\ tvkyfcef;wGif a&SUrS jrif;&xm;ay: odkU wufvsuf&SdpOf vlESpfa,mufwdkUonf reD;ra0;&Sd
vrf;Mum;i,f wpfckrS ¤if;tm; acsmif;ajrmif; Munfh½Ivsuf &SdMu&m armifxGef;jrifhonf jrif;&xm;ESifh xGufoGm;
onfudk jrifonfESifh wNydKifeuf xkdol ESpfa,mufwdkUonf rddrdwdkU tcsif;csif; tenf;i,f wdkifyifMuNyD;aemuf
t&yfav;rsufESmodkU arQmfMunfhí armifxGef;jrifh\ tvkyfwdkufodkU oGm;a&mufMuav\/ tvkyfwdkufrS wHcg;udk
aomhESifh cwfí ydwfqdkU xm;&avum; xkdol ESpfa,mufwdkUonf rdrdwkdU\ tjyKtrludk tjcm;olwdkU jrifavoavm
[k apmifharQmfMunfh½IMuNyD;aemuf wpfa,mufaomolonf rdrd\ tuÐstdwfrS aomhwpfacsmif; xkwfNyD;vQif wHcg;udk
zGifhav\/ wHcg;zGifhNyD;aemuf xdkolESpfa,mufwdkUonf wkdufwGif;odkU 0ifMuNyD;vQif wdkufwHcg;udk twGif;rS ydwfxm;
cJhí armifxGef;jrifh\ tvkyfcef;udk 0ifMuav\/ xkdol ESpfa,mufwdkUrSm tjcm;r[kwf? armifausmfjrESifh armifa'ge
wdkUyif jzpfav\/
armifausmfjrrSm cgwdkif;uJhodkU oyf&yfaumif;rGefpGm 0wfqifvsuf r&SdbJ a[mif;EGrf; aya&í tvkyfMurf; oGm;zdkU
0wfqiffwwfaom csnfvHkcsnfESifh &SyftusÐtpkwf wdkUjzifh omvQif 0wfqifvsuf &Sdav\/ tcef;wGif;odkU
a&mufMuaomtcg
jr/ /]udkif; q&ma&U jrefjref vkyfrSyJ? w,fBuD; MumMum oGm;wJh vu©Pm r&Sdbl;? csufcsif; jyefvmvdkU rdaerSjzifh
'ku© a&mufukefMuvdrfYr,f}
e/ /]pdwfcsygAsm? ½kwfw&uf jyefrvmatmif vkyfwJhenf; usKyf wwfygw,f}
[k ajymNyD;aemuf armifa'geonf tBuH wpfck &onfh vu©PmESifh w,fvDzHk;udk aumuf,lNyD;vQif ykvdyfXmemodkU
oG,fqufapav\/ Xmemü &Sdaom ykvdyfom; wpfa,mufESifh oG,fqufrdavvQif armifbwif jzpfaMumif;? a&SUae
armifxGef;jrifhonf orm"d NrdKU0ef OD;vluav;\ aetdrfü ,cktcg &SdaeaMumif;? rdrdu armifxGef;jrifhESifh rdrdBuD;wdkU
ESpfa,mufvHk;udk awGUvdkonf jzpfí armifxGef;jrifhrSm rdrd rvmrcsif; OD;vluav;\ aetdrfrS apmifhqdkif;í
aeapvdkaMumif;rsm;udk ,ck csufcsif; oGm;a&muf fajymqdk&rnf jzpfaMumif;ESifh trdefUay;aomtcg |memrS
ykvdyfom;vnf; cdkif;aponfh twkdif; oGm;a&mufygrnf[k 0efcH vdkufav\/
,if;uJhodkU armifxGef;jrifh ½kwfw&uf jyefí rvmEkdifatmif pDrHMuNyD;aemuf armifausmfjronf rdrd ,laqmifcJhaom

aomhwGJBuD; wpfwGJudk xkwfNyD;aemuf
jr/ /]armifxGef;jrifh qdkwJh vlu awmfawmfyg;wJh vl q&ma&U? usKyfwdkU olU tcef;rSm arTaESmufoGm;aMumif;
olrodatmif ajc&m vuf&m rusef&pfaprS awmfr,f? rawmfwq &dyfrdoGm;cJhvdkU &Sd&if &uf&Snf vrsm; tqif;&J
a&TOa'gif;
tyifyef;cHNyD; BudK;pm;cJhorQawG tvum; jzpfukefvdrfUr,f} [k ajymNyD;aemuf armifausmfjronf a&S;OD;pGm

tvkyfpm;yGJ thHqGJü&Sdaom aomhaygufudk rdrd\ aomhwGJ&Sd aomhrsm;ESifh wpfacsmif; NyD;vQif wpfacsmif; wyfvQdK
prf;oyfvsuf &Sdav\/ aemufqHk;ü pm;yGJ thHqGJ yGifhí oGm;aomtcg xdkESpfa,mufwdkUonf tHqGJ twGif;ü vSefavSm
arTaESmufí &SmazG&m rdrdwdkU tvdk&Sdaom t&m0w¬Krsm;udk rawGUojzifh yxr tHqGJudk ydwfNyD;vQif 'kwd,tHqGJudk
zGifhMujyefav\/
,if;uJhodkU tHqGJ wpfckNyD;vQif wpfck zGifhvSpf&SmazGí atmufqHk; tHqGJudk zGifhrdaomtcg rlum; ydk;BudfK;jzifh
txyfvdkuf pnf;aESmifí xm;aom pmwpfxkyfudk tHqGJ twGif;ü awGU&SdMuojzifh 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om xkwf,l
zwf½IMuonfwGif yxrpmrSm rdef;rvufa&;jzifh a&;om;xm;&Sdaom pmwpfapmif jzpfaMumif; od&Sdav\/ xkdpmudk
zwfNyD;aemuf
jr/ /]w,f,kwfrmwJh vlwpfa,mufyJAsdKU? Munfhprf;ygAsm? rdef;rom; wpfOD;wpfa,mufudk ajcmufvSefUNyD;
aiGñSpfawmif; owJh? aumif;Edkifao;&JUvm;Asm? 'Drdef;ru 0efaxmufuawmf rESif;arwJh? usKyfESifhvJ enf;enf;yg;yg;
odw,f? 'D ieJu a&SUae jzpfavawmh trIwpfckESifh ywfoufNyD; a&SUaevdkuf&pOf tcgu rESif;ar i,fi,fu
tjzpftysuf taMumif;awGudk odavawmh olUudk aiGay;&ifay; ray;cJhvdkY&Sd&if olUa,musfm; 0efaxmufBuD;udk
i,fusdK; i,fem tukefazmfNyD; ajymvdkufr,fvdkU Ncdrf;ajcmufvdkufwJh twGuf jyefpma&;vdkuf&SmwJh vu©PmyJ?
w,f,kwfrmwJh vlAsm} [k
ajymNyD;aemuf armifausmfjronf ¤if;vufa&;ESifh 'kwd, pmwpfapmifudk awGU&Sd&jyefav&m ¤if;pmrSm
atmufygtwdkif; jzpfav\/
]pma&;vdk uf onf ud kxG ef;jrifh? uRef ronf &S if ESd yf pufcJhorQudk cHcJh&onfrSm MumvSygNyD ? &S if awmif;qdk
cJ ho rQ aiGu dk ay;cJ h &onf rS mvnf ; rsm;vS ygNyD? ,ck aemuf qH k; awmif;aom aiG 300 rS m uRef ra,musf m;
rodatmif b,fenf; ES if hrQ uRefr rBuHpnfwwf yg? odkUjzpf í ¤if;twGufukd onf;cH apvdkygonf? tu,fí
&S if u r&vQif raeEd kif[k twif ;tusyf jyKvk yf cJh ygvQif uRef rrS m vl Ujynf ü aeEk difa wmh &ef taMumif; r&Sd ?
ES pf v rsm;pGm &S if \ ES d yf puf jcif; cH&onf h taMumif; rsm;ud k pmjzifh pHk vif pGm a&;om;cJ hNyD;vQif uRef r\
touf qHk;½IH;atmif pD&if vdkuf&ygawmhonf/
ES if ;ar }
pmudk zwfNyD;onfYaemuf armifausmfjronf armifxGef;jrifh\ tay:ü trsufjyif;pGm xGufonfh vu©PmESifh

vufoD;qkyfum tHBudwfumjzifh usHK;0g;NyD;aemuf xdkpmudk rdrdtusÐtdwf twGif;odkU xnfhxm;vdkufav\/
______
tcef ; (13)
ppfudkif;NrdKU ig;xyfBuD;bk&m; ESifh reD;ra0;&Sd r&rf;NcH wpfNcHtwGif;ü oyf&yf aumif;rGefpGm aqmufvkyfxm;ojzifh
tvGefw&m om,m Nidrf;csrf; pcef;oifhwifh aecsifhpzG,f &Sdaom tdrfBuD; wpfaqmif &Sdav\/
xdktdrfBuD;onfum; yifpif tNidrf;pm; 0efaxmufrif; OD;MumtHkESifh 0efaxmufuawmf rESif;arwdkU aexdkifMuaom
tdrfBuD;jzpfav&m OD;MumtHkrSm yxrr,m;BuD; aoqHk;NyD;aemuf t½kyft&nfESifh jynfhpHkaomfvnf; twefi,f
EGrf;e,fyifyef;aom rESif;artm; xdrf;jrm;vufxyfcJhav&m rESif;arrSm t&G,ftm;jzifh 0efaxmufBuD;xuf tESpf
ESpfq,fcefUrQ i,fonf jzpfaomaMumifh 0efaxmufBuD; OD;MumtHku txl;ojzifh cspfcif MuifemcJhNyD;vQif
t&m&mrsdK;ü rESif;ar tvdktwdkif; omvQif vdkufemavh &SdcJhav\/
wpfaeUoü jrif;&xm;wpfpD;onf tdrfa&SUü &yfNyD;vQif armifausmfjronf &xm;ay:rS qif;oufí tdrfwGif;odkU
0ifoGm;NyD; tapcH wpfa,muftm; rif;uawmf r&Sdygoavm[k ar;jref;onfwGif tapcHonf armifausmfjrtm;
{nfhcef;ü xdkifapNyD;aemuf rif;uawmfxH taMumif;Mum;&ef tdrfay: odkU wufoGm;av\/
wpfcPMumvQif rif;uawmf rESif;aronf tdrfay:rS qif;vmcJhí armifausmfjrESifh oda[mif; uRrf;a[mif; jzpfonfh
vu©Pmjzifh 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om EIwfcGef; qufoav&m
ar/ /]b,fursm; b,fvdk tBuH&NyD; aygufvmcJh ygovJ&Sif? rawGU&wm oHk;av;ESpf &SdoGm;vdkU arhaeMuNyD
atmif;arhw,f? ,ckvdk trSwfw& 0ifvmazmf &wmrsm; 0rf;ajrmufvSygw,f&Sif? 0efaxmufrif;vJ udpöuav;
wpfck&SdvdkU NrdKUxJ oGm;aeao;ygw,f? ol jyefatmif qdkif;ygOD;aemf? udkausmfjr}
jr/ /]rD;&xm; xGufzdkUu wpfem&D ausmfausmfavmuf vdkao;avawmh 'DtawmtwGif; 0efaxmufrif;
jyefvmaumif;yg&JU Asm}
ar/ /]atmifr,f rD;&xm;awG aygvGef;vdkU&Sif? 'Dwpfpif; rrD aemufwpfpif;ESifh vdkufwmaygh? 0efaxmufrif;u
udkausmfjr taMumif;udk cPcP ajymaeygw,f? ra&mufpzl; a&mufvmwJh tcgrSm awGU&atmif apmifhoGm;ygOD;&Sif}
jr/ /]'gwJh uRefawmf wpfck ar;yg&ap rESif;ar? udkxGef;jrifh wpfa,mufaum awGUrdao;vm;}
ar/ /(xdwfvefUaom trlt&mESifh) ]rawGU&yguvm;&Sif? b,fvdk taMumif;aMumifh ar;ygovJ}
jr/ /],ck uRefawmf vmcJhjcif;[m olU udpö twGuf vmcJh&jcif; jzpfygw,f? 'Dvl[m rESif;arudk ESdyfpufNyD; aew,f
qdkwmvJ uRefawmf odygw,f? rESif;arrSm 'Dudpö ü wdkdifyifp&m rdwfaqG &if;&if;ESD;ESD;vJ r&Sdavawmh uRefawmfwdkU
oda[mif; uRrf;a[mif; jzpfwJhtwdkif; wdkifyif&ef&SdvQif wdkifyifEdkifw,f rESif;ar? uRefawmf ajymwJh pum;udkvJ
wjcm;rSm raygufMum;bl; qdkwm uRefawmf wm0efcHygw,f}
ar/ /]wdkifyifp&m r&Sdyguvm; &Sif}
jr/ /]rSefrSefajymyg rESif;ar? rESif;arrSm ,cktcg tusOf;tusyf usaew,f qdkwm uRefawmf odygw,f? 'Dawmh
uRefawmfhudk armift&if;uJhodkU tm;xm;NyD; wdkifyifp&m &Sd&if wdkifyifyg? uRefawmfuvJ armift&if;uJhodkUyif
aqmif&Gufygr,f rESif;ar}
ar/ /]udkausmfjr odw,f qdkwm b,fyHk odwmvJ}
jr/ /]udkxGef;jrifh qdkwJh taumifu rESif;arxHrSm aiGñSpfNyD; awmif;aewm uRefawmf odygw,f rESif;ar? &SufvJ
r&SufygESifh? aMumufvJ raMumufygESifh? ajymp&m&Sd&if ajymom ajymyg rESif;ar}
ar/ /]aeygOD;&Sif udkxGef;jrifhESifh &SifESifh[m rdwfaqGBuD;awG r[kwfvm;}
a&TOa'gif;
jr/ /][kwfwkef;uawmh [kwfygw,f? tckawmh &efol jzpfaeNyD rESif;ar&JU? NyD; onftaumif[m rESif;arxHrSm
rw&m;ojzifh aiGñSpfNyD;aew,f qdkwm odavawmh rESif;arudk umuG,f apmifha&SmufzdkU vmcJhjcif; jzpfygw,f}
ar/ /]aus;Zl;wifygw,f udkausmfjr&,f? odkUaomf}
jr/ /]rodkUaomfygESifh rESif;ar? t&SuftaMumuf zufNyD; toufudk pGefUvTwfr,f qdkwJh tBuHtpnf[m rawmfygbl;
rESif;ar? ajymp&m&SdorQ zGifh[NyD;awmhom ajymyg? onfaumifh vufu vGwfatmif uRefawmf pDrHyghr,f}
ar/ /(rsuf&nffvnfvsuf) ]trSefyg udkausmfjr&,f? 0efaxmufrif;ESifh taMumif;ygcJhonfrS pí uRefr pdwfxJrSm
i&Jjynfudk vmcJhw,fvdkU xifrdygw,f&Sif? 0efaxmufBuD;uvJ uRefrtay:rSm tpp t&m&m ta&;ay;NyD; tifrwef
tvdkvdkufcJh&Smw,f? 'Dtaumif ESdyfpufwJh twGuf uRefrpdwf wpfaeUrS rat;&ygbl;&Sif? tdrfoHk;p&dwf qdkNyD;
wpf&mhig;q,f ay;wJh txJuyJ jcpfjcpfcsKyfcsKyfESifh oHk;q,frsdK; av;q,frsdK; &atmif uG,f0SufNyD; olUudk
ay;&ao;&JU &Sif? pdwfvJ rat;vdkU 0wfzdkU pm;zdkU &wJh txJu wpfcsdKU wpf0uf cGJNyD; ay;&ao;&JU&Sif? rdbrsm; yHhydk;zdkU
qdkNyD; av;q,frsdK; ig;q,frsdK; rMumrwif awmif;NyD;vJ ay;&ao;&JU&Sif? 'Davmuf ay;wmawmif tm;r&ao;bJ
[dkwpfavmu aiGoHk;&m ay;&r,fqdkNyD; twif;awmif;aejyefNyD &Sifh? uRefruvJ 0efaxmufu awmif;wdkif;
ay;&Smavawmh ]o'¨gvGef; qGrf;awmf&yf} qdkwmvdk ay;wkdif; ,l&rSm tm;emvSNyD udkausmfjr&JU? 'Dawmh uRefrrSm
'Dwpfcgjzifh jzpfcsifovkdjzpf ray;awmhbl;vdkU atmif;arhawmhwmyJ &Sif}
jr/ /]aeygOD; rESif;ar&JU? b,ftwGufaMumifh olawmif;wdkif; ay;ae&wmvJ? wqdwf ajymjyygOD;Asm}
ar/ /]udkausmfjr ar;wm aeygOD;? 'DtaMumif; &Sif b,fu Mum;w,f qkdwm wqdwfavmuf uRefr odyg&ap&Sif}
jr/ /]uRefawmfu udkxGef;jrifh tHqGJxJrSm vdkcsifwm wpfck &Sdavawmh oGm;NyD;&Smwkef; a[m'D pmudk awGUcJhvdkU
od&ygw,f rESif;ar}
[k ajymNyD;vQif armifausmfjronf armifxGef;jrifh\ tHqGJrS wdwfwqdwf xkwfEIwfí ,lcJhaom pmudk rESif;artm;
jy&m rESif;aronf pmudk zwfNyD;aemuf
ar/ /]rSefygw,f&Sif? 'DpmxJrSm a&;xm;wJh twdkif; pdwfnpfvGef;tm; BuD;vdkU vlUjynfrSmjzifh raeawmhbl;vdkU
'DuaeUnyJ udk,fUudk,fudk tqHk;pD&ifvdkufzdkU BuH&G,fNyD; xm;rdygw,f&Sif}
jr/ /]udkif; BuH&G,fwkef; BuH&G,faywJh? ,ckawmh uRefawmf wpfa,muf tm;udk;tm;xm; ay:vmwJh twGuf
'DtBuHudk zsufNyD; ajymp&m&SdorQ pum;udkom xkwfazmfNyD; ajymygawmh rESif;ar}
ar/ /]ajymvdkUvJ tydkyJ xifyg&JU&Sif? 'Du aiGoHk;&m a&mufatmif ydkU&ifydkU? rydkU&if 0efaxmufBuD;udk tukefvHk;
ZmpfjrpfvSefNyD; ajymvdkufr,fwJh&Sif? 'Dvdkqdk&if uRefrrSm 0efaxmufrif; rsufESmudk b,frSm Munfh0Hhp&m
&SdawmhrvJ&Sif? ae&wmxuf ao&wmuyJ oufomp&m &Sdao;&JU udkausmfjr&,f}
jr/ /]rpdk;&drfygESifh rESif;ar? 'D taMumif;udk odavawmh 'DuaeU reufyJ rESif;arxHu qdkNyD; aiGoHk;&mudk olU
vufxJa&mufatmif vlvTwfvdkU ydkUNyD;ygNyD? 'D trI[m olUudk ywfatmif b,fvdk aqmif&GufMur,f qdkwmom
pDrHEkdifatmif rESif;aru tusdK;taMumif;udk zGifhajymzdkU vdkygawmhw,f}
ar/ /(oufomcGifh &aom vu©PmESifh) ]aus;Zl;ygyJ armifBuD;&Sif? uRefrrSm rif;uawmf jzpfvdkU
vuf0wfvufpm;awG tjynfhtpHk &Sdaomfvnf; vifa,musfm; rodatmif aygifESHzdkU cJ,Of;avawmh aiGoHk;&m twGuf
usyfwnf;aewJhtcg ,ckvdk apmifrMunfh½Iwm rsm;rsm;BuD; aus;Zl;wifvSygw,f udkausmfjr&Sif}
jr/ /]wpfa,muf taMumif;&Sd wpfa,mufaygh rESif;ar? 'DavmufBuD; aus;Zl;wifavmufatmif yifyef;BuD;pGm
aqmif&GufcJh&ao;wmvJ r[kwfao;ygbl;? odkUaomf tjzpftysufudk od&atmifom ajymjyprf;ygOD; rESif;ar? ,ck
uRefawmf ar;jcif;uvJ udk,fESifh rqdkifwJh olwpfyg; udpöudk oufoufrJh tjyif;ajy odcsifvdkU ar;jref;jcif;r[kwf?
umuG,fEdkifwJh enf;vrf;udk &SmazGzdkU twGufom ar;jref;&jcif; jzpfygw,f}
ar/ /]rSefwJh twdkif; ajym&rSmjzifh uRefr[m 'DuaeU b0qHk;atmif pD&ifvdkufawmhr,fvdkU atmufarhNyD; jzpfwJh
twGuf [kwfwdkif; rSef&m pHkvifpGm azmfjyNyD; 0efaxmufrif;xH pmwpfapmif a&;cJhNyD; jzpfygw,f? 'Dpmudk
zwfMunfh&if taMumif; rsdK;pHk ukefpifatmif od&ygvdrfUr,f? zwfvdkUom Munfhygawmh &Sif}
[k ajymNyD;vQif rESif;aronf rdrd\ tusÐtdwfrS pmwpfapmifudk xkwf,lí armifausmfjrtm; ay;tyfav\/
______
a&TOa'gif;
tcef ; (14)
armifausmfjronf pmudk zwfí NyD;onfhaemuf tvGefw&m tHhMovSaom trlt&mESifh rESif;ar\ rsufESmudk
pdkufai;Munfhae&m
ar/ /]udkif; odNyD r[kwfvm; &Sif? 'Dawmhcg uRefrrSm 0efaxmufriff;ESifh twlwuG qufvufNyD; aexdkifzdkU&m
tifrwef cJ,Of;w,f r[kwfbl;vm; &Sif udkausmfjr? aevdkUvJ tusdK;&Sdr,f rxifygbl;&Sif}
jr/ /][m rawmfwmbJ rESif;ar&,f? 'Davmuf ta&;ESifh toufudk taocHvdkU awmfa&mh rvm;Asm}
ar/ /]rawmfvdkU b,fhES,f vkyfrvJ&Sif}
jr/ /]uRefawmf wpfck tBuHay;yg&ap? rESif;aru 0efaxmufrif;udk yxrOD;pGm [kwfwdkif;rSef&m zGifh[NyD;
ajymvdkufvdkU &Sd&if 0efaxmufBuD;uvJ uRefawmf odwJhtwdkif; pdwfoabm BuD;&ifhwJh vlBuD; wpfa,muf
jzpfavawmh 'D tjypfuav;avmufESifhawmh tcspf jy,fEdkifr,f r[kwfygbl;rESif;ar&,f? trSeftwdkif; qdk&ifawmh
,ck tjypf[m rESif;ar tjypf r[kwfygbl;? rsufESmpHknDpGm zGifhNyD;awmhom ajymvdkufyg? ajymvdkU&Sd&if rESif;arrSm
'D0efxkyfBuD; usoGm;ygvdrfUr,f? tJ'D tcgusawmhrS uRefawmfwdkUu 'Dtaumifudk olUvSHESifh oljyefNyD; xdk;EdkifzdkU
&Sdygw,f? pdwful; rvGJygESifh rESif;ar}
ar/ /]&Sif ajymwJh twkdif; uRefr tjypf r[kwfbl; qdk&ifvnf; [kwfygw,f? uRefr tjypfyJ qdk&ifvJ [kwfwmygyJ
&Sif? a&S;OD;pGm rEÅav;udk 0efaxmufrif; rodatmif oGm;wm uRefr tjypf vHk;vHk;BuD; jzpfaeygw,f}
jr/ /]'Davmuf tjypfuav;u ta&;rBuD;vS ygbl; rESif;ar}
ar/ /]'DtrI[m udk,fwdkifu ta&;rBuD; aomfvnf; 'DjypfrIudk taMumif;jyKNyD; uRefr t&Suf&apzdkU olwdkU
vSnfhpm;jcif;u ta&;BuD;w,f&Sifh? tHhMoyg&JU? BuHpnf&ufMuygay&JU? uRefrESifh rif;uawmf rjruav;ESifh tifrwef
cifw,f qdkwmvJ olwdkUu odw,f? tdrfrSm 0efaxmufBuD; r&SdbJ e,fvSnfhxGufoGm;cdkufvJ jzpfwmudk olwdkUu
odavawmh rjruav; trnfESifh vdrfNyD; aMu;eef;½dkufvdkufvdkU t[kwfrSwfNyD; oGm;rdwJh tcgrSm csdef;xm;wJh twdkif;
rjruav;udk rawGU? bpdefESifh awGUwmudk; &Sifh}
jr/ /]b,fu armifbpdefvJAsm? rdaumif;bcif om;orD; jzpf&ufESifh awav armifbpdef[mvm;}
ar/ /][kwfygw,f&Sif olygyJ? uRefrvJ oda[mif; uRrf;a[mif; jzpfavawmh tcef;xJrSm xdkifNyD; armifbpdefudk
pum; wpfcGef; ESpfcGef; ajymaewJh tcdkuf udkxGef;jrifhu tcef;xJ 0ifvmygw,f? 0ifvmNyD; uRefrESifh armifbpdefudk
jrif&ifyJ &Sufudk;&Sufuef; rsufESmxm;ESifh uRefrwkdkUu csdfef;csufay;NyD; [dkw,frSm pum;ajymMuw,fvdkU xifrSwfwJh
vu©PmESifh tcef;rSm;0ifaMumif; awmif;yefNyD; jyefxGufrnf vkyfawmh uRefru a,musfm; wpfOD;wpfa,mufESifh
trSwfrJh tcef;wGif;rSm xkdifNyD; pum;ajymwm txifrSm;p&m jzpfaeNyDaumvdkdU owd&rdavawmh uRefru udkxGef;jrifh
txifrrSm;ap&atmif vmygOD;? xdkifygOD; vdkU ac:ayr,fh udkxGef;jrifhu tm;emwJh vu©PmESifh tcef;xJu
xGufoGm;yga&m&Sif? [kdwkef;uawmh uRefru wu,fyJ txifvGJw,fvdkU atmufarhrdw,f? vufpowfawmh
olwdkUu wrif ÓPfqifNyD; uRefrudk axmifzrf;Muwmudk;&Sifh}
jr/ /]b,fvdk axmifzrf;yHkvJAs? xdxda&mufa&muf rawmfrw&m;jyKzdkU BuHpnfao;wmvm;}
ar/ /]'Dvkdawmh rBuHpnf0hHygbl;&Sif? olUtBuH bmvJqdkawmh uRefrESifh armifbpdefudk [dkw,frSm ESpfa,mufwnf;
pum;ajymwmudk udkxGef;jrifhu rdoGm;wJh vu©PmESifh ÓPfqifNyD; xm;wmudk;&Sifh? uRefrvJ [dkwkef;u 'DtaMumif;
r&dyfrdavawmh rjruav; vmatmifapmifh? apmifhvdkU rvmawmhrS ppfudkif;udk wpfcg jyefoGm;wmudk;&Sifh? 'DtaMumif;
udkvJ 0efaxmufrif; awmu jyefvmawmh rajymrdaybl;&Sif}
jr/ /]aemufawmhaumAsm}
ar/ /]uRefruvJ 'Dudpö[m 'DwifyJ NyD;r,fvdkU 0efaxmufrif;vJ rajym? rjruav;ESifhvJ aemufxyf rawGUwmESifh
trSwfrJh 'DvdkyJ aeyga&m&Sif? aemuf av;ig;v avmuf Mumawmh udkxGef;jrifhu uRefrwdkUtdrf aygufvmw,f&Sifh?
'Dtcg 0efaxmufrif;vJ r&Sdcdkuf jzpfaewmESifh uRefru {nfhcHNyD; pum;ajymaewJh tcgrSm udkxGef;jrifhu [dkw,frSm
uRefrESifh awGUwJhtaMumif;udk pum;pyfajym? tbdk;BuD;udk wpfywf½dkufyHk tifrwef ae&m usoav; bmav;ESifh
&,fcg armcg ajymwmudk;&Sifh? uRefru 'Dawmh pdwfqdk;vmwmESifh cyfqwfqwf jyefajymvdkufawmh udkxGef;jrifhu
ol,kwfrm oabmqdkawmh txift&Sm; jyvmwmudk;&Sifh? 'Dawmh olu taMumif; rsdK;pHkudk ol tukefodygw,fwJh
olodorQudk 0efaxmufrif;BuD; rodapvdkcJhvdkU &Sd&if EIwfydwfc ay;&ygvdrfUr,fwJh? 0efaxmufBuD;rSmvJ wpfoufvHk;
pkaqmif;NyD; v,f,m acsmif; ajrawG 0,fxm;cJhavawmh wpfvudk wpf&mrsdK; ESpf&mrsdK; ay;zdkU rcJ,Of;ygbl; vdkU
ajymavawmh uRefru pdwfqdk;qdk;ESifh wwfEdkif udkifacs wpfjym;rS ray;bl; vdkU ajymvdkufwmESifh olvJ pOf;pm;zdkU
tcsdef ay;OD;r,f qdkNyD; jyefoGm;yga&m&Sif}
jr/ /]'djyifaumAsm}
ar/ /]aemuf av; ig; &ufavmuf Mumawmh udkxGef;jrifh qDu pmwpfapmif &yga&m&Sif? b,fhES,f a&;vdkufovJ
qdkawmh [dkw,fu tcef; wpfckxJrSm emrnfysuf awav wpfa,mufESifh ESpfa,mufwnf; pum;ajymaewmukd
udkxGef;jrifhu odwJh taMumif;? 'DtaMumif;udk 0efaxmufrif;tm; rajymapvdkcJhvdkU &Sd&if aiGwpf&mudk oHk;&uftwGif;
ay;ydkU&rnfh taMumif; ygvmwmudk; &Sifh}
jr/ /]BuHyHk pnfyHk awmfawmf pdwJh vlawGygAsm? BuHvJ BuHpnf&ufygayw,fAsm? tif; 'gESifh ajymprf;ygOD;}
ar/ /]'Dpm&awmh uRefr pOf;pm;rdw,f? uRefru 0efaxmufrif; rodatmif rEÅav; oGm;rdwJh tjypfu trSef
jzpfavawmh wu,fvdkU udkxGef;jrifh u 0efaxmufrif;udk r[kwfw½kwf vkyfNyD; wdkifwef;cJhvdkU &Sd&if
0efaxmufrif;u uRefrudk wpfcgwnf; r,HkouFm rjzpfapumrl pHkprf;ar;jref; vdrfUr,f? ar;jref;wJh tcgrSm
rEÅav;udk oGm;zl;ovm;? roGm;zl;bl;;vm; qdk&if oGm;zl;ygw,fvdkY 0efcH &vdrfUr,f? 0efcH&wJh tcgrSm vifom;
rodatmif wpf&yfwpfaus;udk oGm;0HhwJh rdef;rwpfa,muf[m udkxGef;jrifh ajymovdk tBuHtpnf &SdvkdUom oGm;jcif;
jzpfw,fvdkU ,HkrSm;oHo, ruif;zG,f&m jzpfvdrfUr,f? wu,fvdkU uRefru r[kwf&aMumif; ESifh usrf;opöm usdefqdk
apumrl rEÅav;udkvJ vifrodatmif oGm;? jyefvmawmhvJ vifudk bmrS rajym aecJhavawmh b,fenf;ESifh rqdk
0efaxmufrif; pdwfxJrSm ,kwfpGtqHk; ZaemifhZeif; jzpfp&m &Sdw,fvdkU uRefr awG;rdwmudk; &Sifh? 'Dawmh uRefr
tay:ü tpp t&m&mrSm tifrwef tvkdvdkufvmcJhwJh vifom;wpfOD;[m pdwfrcsrf;om jzpfrSm pdk;&drfwmuvnf;
wpfaMumif;? a&S;uvdk ta&;ray;bJ vspfvsL Oayu©m xm;rSm pdk;&drfrdwmvnf; wpfaMumif;aMumifh olawmif;wJh
aiGwpf&mudk BuHpnfNyD; ay;vdkuf&yga&m&Sifh}
jr/ /]rESif;ar[m tp uwnf;u vGJoGm;wmAs? yxrwkef;u 0efaxmufBuD;udk tusdK;taMumif; ajymNyD; 'Dpmudk
jyvdkuf&if wpfcgwnf; udpö NyD;oGm;rSmyJ}
ar/ /]uRefr uvnf; 'DaiG wpf&mESifh wpfcgwnf; NyD;vdrfUr,fxifvdkU ay;rdwmudk&Sifh? tckawmh
armifrif;BuD;om;u wpf&mESifhvJ rat;? ESpf&m ESifhvJ rat;? ig;&m ESifhvJ rat;? pkpkaygif;vdkuf&if olUudk
uRefray;wm aiG wpfaxmif ausmfoGm;NyDaum &Sifh}
jr/ /]jzpf&avAsm? udkif; odkUaomf vGefwm vGefygapawmh? tckawmh olUudk aiG ray;wJh tjyif olUtwwfESifh
olUywfatmif BuHpnfMuzdkU &Sdawmhwmaygh rESif;ar}
ar/ /]jzpfEdkifyrvm; udkausmfjr&,f? 0efaxmufrif;u uRefr tay:rSm tjypfuif;&avatmif wwfEdkifMuyrvm;
&Sif}
jr/ /]rpdk;&drfygESifhAsm? uRefawmfh wm0ef xm;vdkufyg? 0efaxmufrif; tay:ü rESif;artwGuf uRefawmfu toa&
rq,fEdkifcJhvQif rESif;ar tdrfrSm wpfoufvHk; uRefcHygr,fAsm}
a&TOa'gif;
ar/ /]uRefcHwm aeygOD;&Sif? rEÅav; uRefr oGm;jcif;[m ½dk;½dk;om;om; oGm;jcif; jzpfaMumif;udkyJ 0efaxmufBuD;
,HkMunfatmif &Sif b,fhES,f ajymrvJ}
jr/ /]b,fvdkyJ ajymonf jzpfapOD;awmh wm0ef&,fvdkUom &J&J vTJtyfyg? 'DtaumifawG vufuvJ vGwfatmif
uRefawmf ÓPf&SdorQ xkwfNyD; aqmif&Gufay;r,f rESif;ar? pdwfomcsyg}
ar/ /]'D tawmtwGif;rSm udkxGef;jrifhu aiG xyfNyD; awmif;cJh&ifaum &Sif}
jr/ /]rESif;arESifh rawGU&bJ uRefawmfESifh awGUygvdrfUr,f}
ar/ /]b,fyHk awGY&rSmvJ udkausmfjr}
jr/ /]uRefawmfuvJ olESifh ÓPfcsif;NydKifNyD; olyJ EdkifEdkif? igyJ EdkifEdkif ? rEdkifol ½HI;pwrf; qdkNyD; ÓPfprf;xm;wJh
udpöuav; &Sdao;w,f? tJ'gaMumifh}
xkdcPü jrif;&xm;wpfpD;onf tdrfa&SUodkU &yfwefUNyD;vQif tapcH wpfa,mufu {nfhonfwpfa,muf
qdkufa&mufaMumif;ESifh vma&mufajymqdkav\/
xdktcg rESif;aronf xdkif&mrS xMunfhonfwGif armifxGef;jrifh 0if;twGif; 0ifvmonfudk jrifojzifh
armifausmfjrtm; ajymjy&m armifausmfjru rdrd vma&mufonf[k armifxGef;jrifh tm; ajym&eftaMumif;?
armifxGef;jrifh tm;vnf; a&S;uuJhodkUyif aMumuf&GHUonfh [efjyKí vufcHpum; ajymygrnfhtaMumif;? ¤if;
ajymqdkorQudkvnf; rSwfom;í rdrdtm; jyefajymygrnfh taMumif;ESifh rSmxm;NyD;vQif armifausmfjronf tdrfaemuf
rD;zdkacsmifodkU vsifjrefpGm 0ifoGm;av\/
______
aemufwpfaeU naeü av;em&D tcsdefcefUwGif armifausmfjrESifh rESif;arwdkUonf tmV0Dvrf;&Sd [dkw,fü aMu;eef;jzifh

csdef;qdk awGUqHkMuav&m
jr/ /]b,fhES,fvJ rESif;ar? udkxGef;jrifhu bmrsm; ajymoGm;ao;ovJ}
ar/ /]&SifydkUvdkufwJh aiG oHk;&mawmh &ygNyDwJh? odkUaomfvnf; tckwavm olUrSm tifrwef aiGvdkaewJh twGuf
we*FaEG wpfywftwGif; aiG ESpf&mavmuf vkdaejyefNyD wJh}
jr/ /]ckepf&uf wpfywfwJh? [kwfuJhvm;? ckepf&uf wpfywftwGif; aiGESpf&myJ &rvm;? b,folyJ bmjzpfrvJ
Munfh&ao;wmyghAsm}
ar/ /]b,fvdkvkyfzdkU tBuHtpnfrsm; &SdygovJ &Sif}
jr/ /]aoaocsmcsmBuD;awmh rpDpOf&ao;bl;As? odkUaomfvnf; wpfckawmh pdwfomcsyg rESif;ar? rMumrD twGif;
'Dtaumifvufu vGwfNyD; 0efaxmufrif; tay:rSmvJ emrnf rysufbl;qdkwm pdwfcsNyD;om aeygAsm}
ar/ /]aeygOD;&Sif? &Sifh tBuH[m b,fvdk b,fuJhodkU t&dyftjrGufavmufuav; eJeJyg;yg; ajymrjyEkdifbl;vm; &Sif}
jr/ /]tckawmhjzifh ajymzdkU&mvJ tcsdefrusao;ygbl;? rESif;ar onf;cHygOD; Asm}
ar/ /]ol rw&m;aMumif;udk &Sif odxm;wJhjyif onfhjyif tcsufawGrsm; &Sdao;ygovm;}
jr/ /]tyHkBuD;ayghAsm? odkUaomf rESif;aru usKyfudk vHk;vHk;BuD; ,HkMunf&JUvm;}
ar/ /]b,fhES,f r,HkMunfbJ aervJ udkausmfjr&,f}
jr/ /]'gjzifh uRefawmf ar;p&muav; wpfcGef; ESpfcGef; &Sdygao;w,f? rSefrSef ajzrSmvm; rESif;ar}
ar/ /]tdk b,fhES,f ajymygvdrfY? udk,fYtwGuf 'Davmufawmif tyifyef;cHNyD; aqmif&GufaewJh vlwpfOD;

wpfa,mufudk b,fhES,faMumifh vdrfajymrvJ &Sif? &Sif ar;p&m&Sd&if ar;yg? uRefr rSefrSefajzr,f}
jr/ /]udkxGef;jrifhwdkU armifbpdefwdkUESifh rESif;ar oda[mif; uRrf;a[mif; ayghaemf}
ar/ /]rSefygw,f}
jr/ /]'gjzifh rtkef;pdefqdkwJh oli,fr wpfa,muf taMumif;udk olwdkU ajymoHrsm; Mum;zl;ygovm;}
ar/ /(twefi,f pOf;pm;awG;awm NyD;aemuf) ]rMum;zl;yguvm; &Sif? bmjzpfvdkUvJ}
jr/ /]bmaMumifh&,fvdkUawmh r[kwfygbl;Asm? uRefawmf odcsifvdkUygyJ}
¤if;aemuf armifausmfjrESifh rESif;arwdkUonf rdrdwdkU aqmif&Guf&ef udpöESifhywfoufí tenf;i,f qufvuf wdkifyif
MuNyD;vQif rESif;aronf aemufqHk;&xm;ESifh ppfudkif;odkU jyefoGm;av\/
______
a&TOa'gif;
tcef ; (15)
xkdaeU nae 7 em&DcefUwGif pHkaxmuf armifbwifESifh Xmemtkyf armifoef;azwdkUonf rdrdwdkU &&Sdaom owif;t&
[dkw,fodkU a&mufvmMuNyD;vQif refae*sm vkyfoltm; armifausmfjr\ vlyHkyef;udk ajymNyD;aemuf xkdolwpfa,muf
vma&mufygoavm [k ar;jref;&m refae*smu xdkyHkyef;oP²mefwlaom vlwpfa,mufonf naeuyif vma&mufí
trnfrod *kPfoa&&Sd rdef;rwpfa,mufESifh wpfem&DcefUrQ pum;ajymqkdMuNyD;vQif xGufoGm;MuaMumif;ESifh
jyefajymav\/ xdktcg armifbwifu ¤if; rdef;ronf rnfoljzpfonfudk rodygoavm[k xyfavmif;í
ar;jref;onfwGif refae*smu ¤if;rdef;ronf &Hzef&Hcg [dkw,fodkU vma&mufzl;onf[k xifrSwfaomfvnf;
rnfolrnf0g jzpfonfhtaMumif;udkrl rrSwfrdaMumif;ESifh ajymqdkav\/
xdktcg ykvdyfESpfa,mufwdkUonf tcsif;csif; wdkifyifMuNyD;aemuf armifausmfjr &Sdavmufonf[k xifrSwf&aom
ae&mt&yfwdkUodkU vSnfhywfpHkprf; axmufvSef; ar;jref;vsuf &SdMuavonf/
xdktcsdeftcgüum; ¤if;wdkU &SmazGvsuf&Sdaom 0&rf;ajy; armifausmfjronf rEÅav;NrdKU taemufjyif tif;bJ&yf&Sd
wpfckaom tdrfi,ftwGif;ü armifa'ge? rcifMunfwdkUESifh wdkifyifESD;aESmvsuf &SdMuav\/ yxrü armifausmfjrESifh
armifa'gewdkU pum;ajymqdkvsuf &Sdaeonfudk rcifMunfonf teD;rS em;axmifvsuf &Sd&m aemufqHk;ü
armifausmfjru rcifMunfbufodkU vSnfhí
jr/ /]aeygOD; rcifMunf? rtkef;pdefESifh armifbpdefESifh oduRrf;zl;ovm;? rtkef;pdef armifbpdef taMumif;
ajymwmrsm; Mum;zl;ovm;}
Munf/ /]vlyHk oem;urm;ESifh Mumorm; cyfqefqef vl[mvm;? rtkef;pdefqDudk ESpfcg vmwm jrifzl;w,f}
jr/ /]awmfawmf tuRrf;w0if &Sdvm;? orD;&nf;pm; tjzpfESifh cspfBudKufw,fvdkU xifrSwfzdkU&ef taMumif; &Sdovm;}
Munf/ /]r[kwfEdkifygbl; &Sif? rtkef;pdefu tm* rmeBuD;wJh rdef;uav; wpfa,muf? awmfawmh vludk
cspfBudKufr,fvdkU uRefr rxifygbl;&Sif? armifbpdef taMumif;udk udkausmfjr odcsifvdkUvm;? odcsifvdkU &Sd&if
rtkef;pdefudk awGUatmif &SmNyD; ar;vdkU &Sd&if tpHktvif od&wmaygh? 'gwJh tckwavm rtkef;pdeftaMumif; owif;
rMum;&awmhbl;vm;&Sif? Mum;Mu&if odyg&ap? awGUrS awGYygOD;awmhrvm; &Sif}
jr/ /]aowJhvl Mum&ifarh? aysmufaomvl &Sm&ifawGU qdkwJh pum;yHkawmh &Sdwmaygh rpdefMunf&JU? wpfaeUaeUawmh
awGUaumif;ygw,f Asm}
Munf/ /]uRefrjzifh olU taMumif;awG;&if tm;BuD; pdwfav;w,f&Sif? uRefr olUudk 'Db0rSmjzifh awGU&r,f
rxifawmhbl;&Sif? olwpfyg; vufcsufESifh toufrsm; xdavNyD xifyg&JU}
jr/ /]b,fhES,faMumifh 'Dvdk awG;EdkifovJ rcifMunf}
Munf/ /]b,fhES,faMumifh&,f uRefr rajymwwfbl;? uRefr pdwfxJrSm 'DvdkyJ xifrdygw,f}
jr/ /]vlqdkwm udk,fawGUcsifwJh vludk ½kwfw&uf rawGUNyD qdkrSjzifh pdwfav;NyD; awG;rdawG;&m xifrdxif&m
xifwwfwmrsdK;rdkUyg rcifMunf&,f?xifwdkif;vJ r[kwfEdkifygbl;As? 'Davmuf pdwfrylygESifh}
______
aemufwpfaeU naeü a&SUae armifxGef;jrifhonf r*Fvmaps;teD; "mwf&xm;ay:rS qif;oufcJhNyD;vQif aps;\

awmifbuf&Sd wpfaqmifaom tdrfay: odkU wufoGm;í rdrdESifh rdwfaqG&if; jzpfaom armifbpdef qdkolESifh awGUqHkí
tusdK;taMumif; wdkifyifMu&m
pd ef / /]b,fhES,fvJ q&ma&U? bmrsm; owif;xl;ao;vJ}

jrifh / /]rxl;ygbl;Asm? odkUaomf [dktaumifawmh vGwfoGm;jyefNyD AsdKU? t&ifwpfcgu vdkyJ vufrwifuav;
vGJoGm;jyefNyDwJh? odkUaomfvnf; 'DuaeU nawmh rvGJEdkifygbl;? rkcs rdawmhrSmygyJ}
pd ef / /]cifAsm; b,fhES,faMumifh odEdkifovJ}
jrifh / /]usKyfwdkU udk,fwdkif pDpOf cJhvdkUAsm}
pd ef / /]b,fyHk pDpOfcJhovJ}
jrifh / /]rdrdBuD;u olESifh awGU&atmif nq,fem&Davmufudk wdwfwqdwf tdrfaemufvmcJhygvdkU pma&;NyD;
rSmvdkufNyDAs? rdrdBuD;u rSmw,f qdk&if {uef olvmrSmyJ? vm&ifawmh udk,fYvlawmh 'ku©yJ}
pd ef / /]pDpOfyHkawmh oyf&yfyg&JUAsm? odkUaomfvnf; ae&musyrvm;}
jrifh / /]aq;aoyAsm? udkausmfjru rdrdBuD;[m olUbufom;yJvdkU xifaeao;w,f? 'Dawmh rdrdBuD;u rSmw,fqdk&if
{uef rkcs olvmNyDyJ}
pd ef / /]usKyfjzifh w,frxifvSygbl;Asm? udkausmfjru vlt r[kwfao;bl;As? ykvdyf vufu 'DavmufMumatmif
yGwfum oDum wdrf;a&SmifaeEdkifwJh vlwpfa,muf[m 'DÓPfrsdK;avmufudkawmh &dyfrdvdrfUr,f xifw,f}
jrifh / /]r&dyfrdEdkifygbl; Asm? 'DuaeUnawmh taotcsmygyJ? usKyfvJ aocsmonfxuf aocsmatmif ykvdyfawGESifhudk
twlvdkufNyD; apmifhacsOD;r,f}
pd ef / /]cifAsm; udk,fwdkif vdkufvdkU awmfrvm; Asm}
jrifh / /]bmvdkU rawmf&ovJAsm? vkyfrJh vkyf&if &J&Jwif;wif;BuD; vkyfrS udk,fYtBuHudk vl r&dyfrdawmh rayghAsm}
pd ef / /]vkyfawmhav cifAsm; oabmaygh? odkUaomfvnf; usKyfuawmh rvkduf&Jbl; q&m? 'DuyJ ae&pfawmhr,f}
jrifh / /]w,fEHkwJh vlyJ? 'DavmufrS rsufESm rajymifbJudk;As? usKyfawmh udk,fwdkifoGm;NyD; 'Dtaumif zrf;wmudk
NrdefNrdef &Suf&SufBuD; MunfhcsnfOD;r,fAsdKU? 'Dtaumifudk rdNyD;wJhaemuf jypfcsuf&zdkUuawmh oufaocH tifrwef
vHkavmufavawmh BudK;&zdkUuawmhjzifh rvGJEdkifbl;? 'Dtaumif ao&if usKyfwdkUrSm wpfjynfat;jyefwmaygh Asm}
pd ef / /]cifAsm; pDpOfyHk[m wu,fyJ oyffoyf&yf&yf &Sdayw,f? csD;rGrf;xdkufygayw,f Asm? pHkaxmufynm 0goem
yga,mif bma,mifa,mifESifh ÓPfqifNyD; vkyfxm;vdkufwm/ [kwfrSefwJh twdkif; wkdif;jynfu odMuvdkU&Sd&if
b,favmuf tHhMoMurvJAsm}
jrifh / /]thhHMowm tomxm;NyD; 0efaxmufuawmf rESif;arESifh armifausmfjrESifh awGUqHkwkdifyifMuw,fvdkU Mum;&wJh
owif;[maum b,fhES,fvJ AsdKU}
pd ef / /][kwfrxifygbl;Asm? armifausmfjru 'Davmufawmif &Jwif;r,f rxifygbl;? 'gxuf armifausmfjrudk
usKyfwdkUu aoatmif BuHwmawmh [kwfygNyD? ol aoawmhaum usKyfwdkUrSm bm tusdK;&SdrSmvJ}
jrifh / /]b,fhES,f tusdK; r&SdovJAsm? 'Dtaumifu usKyfwdkU taMumif;udk wpfpHkwpf&m wyftyfaocsm
rodaomfvnf; enf;enf;yg;yg;awmh &dyfrdxm;wJh vu©Pm &Sdw,fAs/ 'Dawmhum ol&dyfrdwJh twdkif; oJvGefpudk
avQmufNyD; vdkufr,fqdk&if usKyfwdkU [mawG ay:ukefrSm pdk;&w,f? ay:ukef&if cifAsm;wdkU usKyfwdkU
b,fa&mufMurvJ} [k
ar;aomtcg armifbpdefonf EIwfjzifh zGifh[ ajzqdkjcif; rjyKbJ rdrd\ vnfyif;udk vufñId;jzifh &pfywfí jyav\/
xdktcg
a&TOa'gif;
jrifh / /]udkif; 'Dawmh 'Dtaumif aowJh twGuf usKyfwdkUrSm aiGyif r&aomfwJh ? aus;Zl; tifrwef rsm;w,f
r[kwfvm; As? 'DuaeU nawmh rvGJEdkifygbl; Asm? {uEÅ rdNyD;om;ygyJ}
______
tcef ; (16)
rEÅav;NrdKU taemufjyif *kPfwef&yf&Sd orm"dNrdKU0ef OD;vluav; tdrfü xdkaeUn 9 em&D tcsdefcefUwGif vlwpfpk
wdkUonf pnf;a0;wkdifyifvsuf &SdaeMuav\/ ¤if; vlpkwdkU teuf a&S;OD;pGm qdkufa&mufvmaom olwdkUrSm
armifausmfjr? armifa'geESifh rcifMunf wdkUjzpfavonf/ ¤if;wdkU wufvmonfudk jrifonfESifh wNydKifeuf
rdrdBuD;onf 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om c&D;OD;BudKjyKí armifausmfjrtm; rdrd txif&Sdonf rsm;udk awmif;yefpum;
ajymqdkNyD;aemuf armifausmfjru vGefcJhonfh &uftenf;i,f twGif;ü rdrdjyKrlyHkrsm;udk axmufcsifh cJhí rnfolrqdk
txiftjrif vGJap&ef &SdcJhonf jzpfaomaMumifh rdrdtm; awmif;yef&ef taMumif; r&SdaMumif;ESifh ajymqdkav\/
xdktcg
BuD;/ /]txifvGJwkef;u vGJwm &SdygOD;awmh? tckvJ [kwfrSefwJh twkdif; taotcsm rod&ao; ygbl;&Sif?
ajymjyygOD; udkausmfjr&JU}
jr/ /]od&csdef eD;ygNyD rdrdBuD;&,f? cPav; onf;cHvdkufygOD;? "m;wef;&yfu rdef;uav;udk b,fol owfw,f? ¤if;
rdef;uav; b,fol b,f0g jzpfw,f? b,f taMumif;aMumifh owfw,f? b,fenf;ESifh owfw,f qdkwm
awmfawmfMum&if od&ygawmhr,f}
¤if;aemuf rdrdBuD;ESifh rcifMunfwdkUonf oda[mif; uRrf;a[mif; uJhodkU &SdaeMuNyD; rdef;uav;wdkU bm0 rdrdwdkU
txifvGJMuonfudk &,farm ajymqdkvsuf &SdMupOf 0efuawmf rESif;arvnf; qdkufa&mufí vmav\/ xdktcg
armifausmfjru rdef;r tcsif;csif; todtuRrf; zGJUí ay;NyD;aemuf rESif;aru armifausmfjr qdkolonf om;r,m;
a&G;cs,fonfh t&mXmeü rsufpd r½dkif;aMumif;? touft&G,f tawmftwef BuD;&ifhatmif vlysdKBuD;vkyfí
vmcJhjcif;rSm aemufqHk;ü apmifhqdkif;&usdK; eyfayonf jzpfay&m ]vufzufaumif; pm;vdkvQif yavmif awmifwuf
aES;&rnf} qdkaom pum;yHk twdkif; ,lqygaMumif;rsm;ESifh &,farm ajymqdkaeMu&if;yif tcsdefonf ukefrSef; rod
ukefvmcJhav\/
,if;odkU ajymqdk &,farmvsuf &SdMupOf tm;vHk;aom olwdkUonf wpfpHkwpf&mudk arQmfvihfapmifhqkdif; &Sdbd ouJhodkU
vrf;odkU rMumrMum arQmfMunfh rdMuav&m q,fem&D xdk;csdef eD;avvQif pHkaxmuf armifbwifonf tdrfay: odkU
wufvmí a&mufESifhol {nfhy&dwfowf wkdUtm; &Tifvef; tm;&&Sdaom trlt&mESifh EIwfcGef;qufvsuf &Sdav\/
¤if;aemuf armifbwifonf armifausmfjr\ teD;odkU csOf;uyfí
wif/ /]cifAsm; ajymwmESifh bpdef\ taMumif;udk trIwGJrSm vSef&Smawmh jypfcsuf oHk; av; csuf &Sdzl;wJh taumifyJ
As? aemufqHk; jypfcsufu vdrfvnfrIESifh 0g;&rf; xkwfxm;wm? tckxufxd rrddao;bl;}
jr/ /]rdapraygh Asm? pdwfomcsyg}
xdkcPü jrif;&xm; wpfpD;onf tdrfa&SUü &yfwefUí armifxGef;jrifhonf &xm;ay:rS qif;vmonfESifh wjydKifeuf
0if;x&H teD;rS acsmif;ajrmif;um apmifhaeaom ykvdyf ESpfa,mufwdkUonf vnfukyfudk udkifí zrf;NyD;vQif tdrfay:
odkU ac:vmcJhMuav\/ armifxGef;jrifhvnf; ykvdyfom; ESpfa,mufwkdU\ tv,frS uefUvefU uefUvefUESifh
ygvmcJh&m tddrfay: odkU a&mufonfESifh wjydKifeuf xdwfvefUaom rsufESmxm;ESifh {nfhy&dwfowf wkdUtm;
wpfa,mufpD Munfhvsuf
jrifh / /]b,fhES,f vkyfMuwmvJAsm? ajymifp&m avSmifp&m 'djyif enf;rsm; r&SdMubl;vm;Asm? tdrfudk tvnfvmygvdkU
wrif zdwfMum;NyD; vmjyefawmhvnf; 'Dvdk jyKMuwm aumif;EkdifMua&mhvm;} [k a&&Gwfajymqdkvsuf &Sd&mrS
armifausmfjrESifh rsufvHk;csif; qdkifrdMuonfwGif armifxGef;jrifhonf ½kwfw&uf qGHUtí oGm;bdouJhodkU yg;pyfudk
[vsuf &Sdav\/ xdktcgrS armifbwifu
a&TOa'gif;
wif/ /]ajymifwm r[kwfbl; q&mBuD;a&? wu,fhudk zrf;&wmyJ? udk,fh½I;udk,fywf qkdwJh pum;yHkom Mum;zl;w,f?
'DwpfcgrS vufawGU jzpfaeyaum udkxGef;jrifh &JU}
jrifh / /]bmrIESifh cifAsm;wdkUu usKyfudk zrf;EkdifovJAsm}
wif/ /]vGefcJhwJh waygif;vqef; 4 &ufaeUu "m;wef;&yfrSm rtkef;pdefqdkwJh oli,fruav;udk jzm;a,mif; ac:iif
owfjzwfwJh trIESifh cifAsm;udk usKyfwkdU zrf;&ygw,f? 0g;&rf; cifAsm; Munfhcsifao;ovm;}
jrifh / /(vufoD; qkyfum? tHBudwfumjzifh) ]b,fu usKyf owf&rSmvJAs? owfwJh vlu a[m[dkrSm? udkausmfjr qdkwJh
vl owfwmAs}
wif/ /(OD;acgif;udk &rf;vsuf) ]r&bl; q&ma&? [dkwkef;uom cifAsm; nmvdkU&w,f? tckawmh usKyfwdkU
tukefodukefNyD? cifAsm; nmayrJh r&bl;}
jrifh / /][kwfygw,fAs? udkausmfjr owfwmyg? olyJ owfNyD; olyJ udkMumñGefU a,mifaqmifNyD; ykvdyfudk
oGm;wdkifcsufay;w,f r[kwfvm;? ol rowfvdkU &Sd&if bmjyKvdkU wdrf;a&SmifNyD; aeowJhvJ As}
xdktcgrS armifausmfjronf rdrd\ tBuHtpnfrsm;udk &Sif;vif; xkwfazmf ajymqdkav\/ rdrdonf rdwfaqG

armifa'geESifh ¤if;trIü oufaocH vHkavmuf xif&Sm;pGm &Edkifapjcif;iSm vHkv Oó[ jyKcJh&aMumif;? yxruyif
armifxGef;jrifh tay:ü ouFmruif; &SdaecJhí tidkufukd ½dkufEkdifapjcif;iSm rdrdudk,fwdkif jypfrI usL;vGefol
[efaqmifNyD;vQif xGufajy; ykef;a&SmifaecJhaMumif;? vlowfrI wpfpHkwpfckü vufonfudk zrf;qD;onfhtcg
rnfonfhtwGufaMumifh owfjzwfonfh taMumif;udk xif&Sm;pGm jyEdkifrS omvQif ½Hk;cGifü tEdkif&rnf jzpfí rnfonfh
taMumif;aMumifh owfjzwfonfukd axmufvSrf; pHkprf; aecJh&ojzifh tcsdefMum&Snf cJh&aMumifhESifh ¤if; jypfrIrSm
a'gotavsmuf ½kwfw&uf jzpfyGm;aom jypfrI r[kwf? rtkef;pdefonf ¤if;wkdU taMumif; odoifhonfxuf ydkrdkí
odoGm;onf jzpfaomaMumifh EIwfydwfvdkaom taMumif;jzifh BuHpnf owfjzwfjcif; jzpfaMumif;? armifxGef;jrifhESifh
armifbpdefwdkUonf ESpfOD; yl;aygif;í *kPfoa&&Sd trsdK;aumif; orD;wdkUudk emrnf ysufapatmif ÓPfqifNyD;vQif
aiGñSpfxkwfolrsm; jzpfaMumif;udk Mum;od&onfESifh wNydKifeuf rddrdu ¤if;wdkU\ tBuHudk xkwfazmfEdkifapjcif;iSm
a&S;OD;pGm armifxGef;jrifhESifh todtuRrf; zGJUcJh&aMumif;? todtuRrf; zGJYNyD;aemuf tuGufaumif; tcsufaumif; wdkUudk
apmifhqdkif; aecJh&m tcGifh rombJ &SdcJh&aMumif;/
wpfaeUoü rlum; armifxGef;jrifhonf rdrdESifh BuHpnfbuf jzpfaom rtkef;pdeftm; &efukefrS a&mufvmaom
yGJpm;BuD; OD;MumñGefUudk csLNrdKuf&ef tBuHtpnfESifh todtuRrf; zGJUay;aMumif;? ¤if; taMumif;udk rdrd od&Sdí ¤if;tm;
owday;aom tcg OD;MumñGefUu r,HkrMunf &SdcJhaMumif;? odkU&mwGif OD;MumñGefUonf owd 0D&d,ESifh
aexdkifcJhaMumif;? xdktawmtwGif; rtkef;pdefESifh OD;MumñGefU wkdUonf tawmf &if;ESD;aom tjzpfodkUwdkdif
a&mufMuaomtcg OD;MumñGefUonf ¤if;wdkU\ tBuHtpnfudk r&dyfrda,mifaqmifí aecJhaMumif;? OD;MumñGefU
r&Sdonfh tcgü rdrdu ¤if;\ tdrfudk acsmif;ajrmif; apmifhMuyf cJh&aMumif;? OD;MumñGefU xGufoGm;NyD;aemuf
oHk;&ufajrmufaomaeUü nOfU &Spfem&D tcsdefcefUwGif armifxGef;jrifhESifh armifbpdef wdkUonf OD;MumñGefU\ wdkufodkU
a&mufvmí wHcg;udk zGifhNyD;vQif 0ifoGm;Muonfudk awGUjrif vdkuf&aMumif;? em&D0ufcefUrQ &Sdaomtcg
rtkef;pdef a&mufvmí wdkufxJodkU 0ifoGm;onfudk jrifvdkuf&aMumif;? em&D0ufcefU Mumaomtcg armifxGef;jrifhESifh
armifbpdefwdkUonf wdkufwGif;rS ysm,D;ysm,m xGufvmMuonfudk awGUjrif&aMumif;? twefi,f apmifhqdkif;í
rtkef;pdef xGufvmonfudk rawGUaom tcg pdwfü ouFm ruif; jzpfí wdkufwGif;odkU 0ifa&muf Munfh½IonfwGif
oli,fr\ tavmif;udk avSum;&if;ü awGU&Sd&aMumif;? tHqGJ rsm;ESifh bD½dkrSmvnf; olcdk;wdkU\ vuf&mjzpfonf[k
xifrSwfapjcif;iSm zGifhvSpfvSefavSm arTaESmufí xm;cJhaMumif;? xdktcg rdrdu tdrfodkU jyefcJhNyD;vQif rnfodkU
jyK&rnfudk tBuHxkwfcJhonf? taumif;qHk; tBuHrSm rdrdudk,fwdkif owfaomol xifrSwfatmif jyKí tu,fí
owfaom olwdkUu vHkNcHKvSNyD[k xifrSwfaomtcg oufao vHkavmufpGm pkaqmif;í zrf;&ef BuHpnf cJhaMumif;?
¤if; tBuH twddkif; rdrdBuD;xH oGm;a&mufí tjcm;aom olwkdU r[kwf rw&m; pGyfpGJ cJhygvQif ,HkMunfrI r&Sdap&ef
wiful;í ajymxm;cJhaMumif;? xkdaeUrS pí rdrdudk,fudk jypfrI usL;vGefonfh olwpfa,muf\ taetxdkifrsdK;jzifh
aexdkifcJhNyD;vQif OD;MumñGefU a,mifaqmifí tavmif;udk awGUcsif[ef jyKNyD;vQif XmemodkU wdkifwef;cJhaMumif;? rdrd\
BuH&G,fcsuftwkdif; xajrmuf atmifjrifcJhonf jzpfí owfol ESpfa,mufwdkUrSm vHkNcHKvSNyD[k rSwfxifNyD;vQif trIudk
rdrdtay:ü ywfap&ef armifxGef;jrifh udk,fwdkifu BudK;pm; tm;xkwfvsuf &SdcJhaMumif;ESifh &Sif;vif; ajymqdkav\/
xkdtcg rdrdBuD;u armifxGef;jrifhudk vufñId;ñTefvsuf xkdolonf armifausmfjr\ taMumif;udk rdrdtm;
em;a,mifapavmufatmif jzm;a,mif; ajymqkdol jzpfaMumif;? armifxGef;jrifh\ tqdkrSm armifausmfjronf
vl½IyfvlayG jzpfí rtkef;pdef rcifMunf ESpfa,mufvHk; wkdUESifh cspfBudKufrdí rtkef;pdefu qlqlylyl jyKonfwGif
t&SufuGJrnfudk jrifí tqHk;pD&if vdkufaMumif;rsm;ESifh xifa,mif xifrSm; jzpfapavmufatmif ajymjyzl;aMumif;?
¤if;aemuf armifausmfjr udk,fwdkif wdrf;a&Smifí aejyefaomtcg oHo, ruif;zG,f&m taMumif;rsm;pGm
&Sdaomfvnf; rdrd pdwfwGif;üum; armifausmfjronf þodkUaom tjyKtrlrsdK;udk rjyKwef&m [lí tpOfrjywf rSwfxif
,lqcJhaMumif;rsm;ESifh jyefajymav\/
xkdtcg armifausmfjru rdrdrSm ouFmruif; jzpfzG,f&m taMumif;rsm; vHkavmufpGm &SdygvsufESifh rdrdtay:ü arwÅm
ysufys,fjcif; r&SdbJ yuwd twkdif; r,drf;r,dkif NrJcdkifvSayaom opöm onfum; ,ckacwf ,ck tcgwGif
tvGefw&mrS cJ,Of;vSonf jzpfaMumif;rsm;ESifh rdrd\ &nf;pm;onfrdrdBuD;\ wnfMunf cdkifcHhaom pdwfoabmudk
csD;rGrf; ajymqkdvsuf &SdpOf ½kwfw&uf aoewfoH Mum;&ojzifh {nfhcef; y&dówf tm;vHk;wkdU ½kef;½kef;&if;&if;
jzpfoGm;onfwGif rdrdBuD;onf &ifbwfudk zdvsuf armifausmfjr vufwGif;odkU vJusoGm;av\/ pifppfaomfum;
armifxGef;jrihfonf emrnfausmf a&SUae wpfa,muf jzpfí ajcmufvHk;jyL; udkifaqmifcGifh &cJh&m tpdk;& t&m&SdwdkU\
zrf;qD; csKyfaESmifrnfh ab;&efudk tpOfrjywf pdwfwGif; aMumuf&GHU pdk;&drfvsuf&Sdonf jzpfaomaMumifh tpOftNrJ
udkdifaqmifavh &Sd&um; ykvdyfom; ESpfa,mufwdkUonf ¤if;udk zrf;qD;pOf tcgu vufeuf udkifaqmifjcif; &Sdr&Sdudk
&SmazG&ef arhavsmhonf jzpfaomaMumifh rdrdtm; rsufESmcsif;qdkif pGyfpGJajymqkdonfrsm;udk &Sufvnf;&Suf?
aMumufvnf; aMumufonfESifh ykvdyfom;wdkU\ tv,fwGif ¤if;wdkU\ vufrS ½kwfw&uf uefaMumuf ½kef;z,fí
ajcmufvHk;jyL;jzifh rdrdBuD;tm; ypfowfvdkufjcif; jzpfavonf/
rdrdBuD;tm; ypfNyD;aemuf armifausmfjrtm;vnf; ypfowf&ef csdef&G,fvsuf &SdpOf armifbwifonf vufjrefaom
olwpfa,muf jzpfaomaMumifh armifxGef;jrifh\ vufaumuf0wfudk vufjzifh r vdkufonfwGif 'kwd,
ypfvkdufaom aoewfcsufonf tdrfrdk;udk omvQif azmufxGif;í oGm;av\/
armifausmfjrrSm rlum; ¤if;trI udpö ü xajrmuf atmifjrifcJhonf qdkapumrl cspfvSaom rdrd&nf;pm;onf &efol
vufcsufjzifh touf qHk;½IH;&&Smonf jzpfaomaMumifh rnfrQavmuf ,lBuHK;r& jzpfcJh&&Smonfudk xkwfazmf
a&;om;&ef vdkawmhrnf r[kwfacs/
ykvdyf t&m&Sd wdkUvnf; armifbpdef qdkoludk &SmazG zrf;qD; NyD;aemuf ½Hk;ü ppfaq;onfh tcgwGif jypfrI xif&Sm;onf
jzpfaomaMumifh armifbpdefrSm axmifwpfouf uscHap&ef pD&ifcsuf csrSwfNyD;vQif armifxGef;jrifh rSmrlum;
toufqHk;½HI;atmif pD&if qHk;jzwfvdkufavownf;/
armifpH&Sm;onf txufyg tjcif;t&mwdkUudk uRefawmfhtm; jyefajymif; ajymqdkNyD;aemuf

&S m;/ /]b,fhES,fvJ udkodef;armif? udkausmfjr qdkdwm b,fol b,f0g jzpfaMumif; cifAsm; &dyfrdw,f r[kwfvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]udkausmfjr qkdwm cifAsm;yJ r[kwfvm;}
a&TOa'gif;
&S m;/ /]tppfyJ? rdrdBuD; aoqHk;NyD;wJhaemuf tdrfaxmif&ufom; jyKcsifwJh pdwfvJ r&Sdbl;As? wpfcgwpfav ,lr,fvdkU
BuHpnfrdjyef&if rdrdBuD;&JU rsufESmudk uGufceJ jrifvmrdjyefwmESifh ,lr,fh tBuHtpnf[m ysufoGm;jyefa&mAs? ckawmh
toufuvJBuD; BudKufrJh vluvJ r&Sdavawmh tawmfyJ aeawmh wmygyJAsm? [dktcgwkef;uawmh cifAsm; tck
Mum;&wJh twdkif; pHkaxmufbufrSm 0goem ygvGef;vdkU aqmif&GufcJh&wmudk; As? ,ckvdk pnf;pepf ususESifh
odyfodyfoJoJ aoaooyfoyf r&Sdao;bl;aygh? rdrdBuD; aoqHk;awmhrS vlqdk; rSeforQudk rkef;xm;wJh pdwf
jzpfay:vmcJhwmaMumifh txHk0goemvJ tm;BuD;wmESifh 'DtvkyfESifhyJ toufarG;ygawmhr,fvdkU tBuH&wm
taMumif;rsm;aMumifh udk,fUudk,fudk jyefajymif;NyD; armifpH&Sm; trnfESifh &efukefNrdKUudk vmcJhwmudk; udkodef;armif&JU}
uRefawmf/ /]aumif;ygavAsm? cifAsm; wpfa,muf ay:ayguf vmwm[m wdkif;jynfrSm vlqdk;rsm; enf;yg;zdkU
taMumif; wpf&yfayyJ? ck trIrSm aemif 0g&ifh vmwJhtcg pHkaxmufwJh trIrsm;vdk tifrwefBuD; odyfodyfonf;onf;
r&Sdaomfvnf; cifAsm; i,fpOfu tjzpftysufudk Mum;od&wJh twGuf trsm;BuD; 0rf;ajrmufoAsm}
NyD;ygNyD/
______
3/ ESpfxyfausmh
,ckacwf umvü t*Fvdyfpm wwfajrmufol ta&twGufonf wpfaeUwpfjcm; wkd;wufrsm;jym;í vmcJh&m
rsm;pGmaomolwdkUonf ¤if;pmudk wwfajrmufonfESifh wjydKifeuf t0wftpm; taetxdkif trlt&mrSpí rsm;pGm
bdkqefí oGm;wwfMuav\/ a&S;tcgurl a,musfm;oli,frsm;omvQif ,if;uJhodkU trlt&m ajymif;vJjcif;
&SdwwfMuonf jzpf&m ,ckacwf tcgü rlum; t*Fvdyfpm wwfajrmufol rdef;uav; ta&twGufonfvnf;
tqrsm;pGm ydkrdkwdk;wufí vmcJhJNyD jzpf&um; bdkqefaom rdef;uav;wdkU\ ta&twGufonfvnf; ¤if;
tcsdK;tpm;t& wdk;wuf aygrsm;í vmcJhacs\/
vGwfvyfjcif;wnf; [laom tcGifhta&;onf pifppftm;jzifh aumif;aom tjcif;t&mwpfck jzpfonf rSefay\/
odkU&mwGif [D&dMowåyÜ t&mXmeü urÇmwpf0Srf;vHk;\ csD;rGrf;jcif;udk cHxkdufayaom uREkfyfwdkU jrefrm rdef;rrsm;rSm
vGwfvyfpGm aexkdifjcif;wnf; [laom taemufwdkif;olwdkU\ tavhtusifhudk twkcdk; enf;,lcJhygrl
ysufpD;jcif;odkUwkdif a&muf&ef enf;vrf;rsm;pGm jzpfay:wwfacsonf/ ,ck a&;om;azmfjy vwHåUaom 0w¬KrSmvnf;
bdkqefMuonfhtwGuf roifhrwifh tcsif;rsm;&mrS pí aemufqHk;ü 'ku©BuD;pGm BuHKawGU&aom tjzpftysuf
tjcif;t&myif jzpfayonf/
wpfaeUaom rGef;wnfh tcsdefü tpdk;&pHkaxmufzuf qdkif&m tifpydwfawmf armiftkef;azonf romr,maom
rsufESmxm;jzifh uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wdkU aexdkif&m wdkufcef;odkU wufvmNyD;vQif yufvufukvm;xdkifwpfck
ay:wGif ypfvSJí xdkifav\/ xdktcg armifpH&Sm;u ]a&TrsufESmñdk bm tvdkrus ovJ udktkef;az &JU} [k
ysuf&,fjyKí ar;onfwGif
az/ /]odyfNyD; *GuswJh trIyJ cifAsm? vufonfay:zdkU rcJ,Of;bJESifh ay:atmif rvdkuf0hHwJhtwGuf 'Dtwdkif; cHae&NyD;
um,uH&Sif ESpfOD;pvHk;rSm 'ku©BuD; a&mufawmhrvdkU jzpfaeNyDaum q&m}
&S m;/ /]tpu pNyD; ajymjyprf;ygOD; As? usKyfwdkU wwfEdkif&ifvJ ulnD&wmayghAsm}
az/ /]'DtrIu pifppfawmh cifAsm;wdkU uRefawmfwdkUESifh w,fNyD; qdkifwhJ trIrsdK; r[kwfygbl; cifAsm? odkUaomfvnf;
q&mu t&m&mrSmyJ ÓPfoGm;wJh yk*¾dKvfwpfOD; jzpfwJhtwGuf wkdifyifMunfh&ao;wmaygh q&m [k ajymNyD;vQif
armiftkef;azonf 0wfvHkawmf& armifwifvS vifr,m;\ trIudk ajymjyav&m tusOf;csKyfrSm atmufygtwdkif;
jzpfav\/
0wfvHkawmf& armifwifvSonf bdvyfrS jyefvmNyD;aemuf trIrsm;pGm vufcH&í tawmfyif ausmfMum;aom
0wfvHkuav; jzpfay\/ 0wfvHkwum wdkUwGif txl;ojzifh bkdqefaom 0wfvHkwpfOD; jzpfí uvyfrsm;pGmwdkUü
yg0ifNyD;vQif vlysdKb0ü tawmfMumMumyif aysmf&TifpGm aexdkifcJhav\/ wpfaeUoü bDat twef;udk atmifjrifNyD;í
ausmif;q&mr tjzpfESifh vkyfudkifaeaom roef;jrESifh awGUMu&mwGif jrifvQif jrifcsif; pHkrufMuí vufxyfr*Fvm
aqmifESif;Mu\/ roef;jronfvnf; rdef;rwumwdkUwGif taemufEdkifiHol wdkU\ twkudk txl;ojzifh
enf;,lvdkufem wwfaom rdef;uav;jzpfí a,musfm;rdwfaqGwdkUESifhvnf; vGwfvyfpGm ,SOfwGJ oGm;vmwwfay\/
xkdol ESpfOD;wdkUonf vufxyfr*Fvm aqmifESif;NyD;onfhaemuf cspfcifMuifempGm &uf v tenf;i,f
aexdkifNyD;Muaomf a,musfm;onf uvyfrsm;odkU oGm;NrJwkdif; oGm;jyef\/ rdef;ronfvnf; e*kdoabmuyif
bdkqefcJhonfjzpfí tvkyfrS jyefvmonfhtcg vifudk tdrfü rawGUcJhvQif wpfa,mufwnf; ae&jcif;udk ysif;&donf[k
atmufarhí rdef;roli,fcsif;? a,mufsm; oli,fcsif; rjcm;em;bJ twl wGJzuf vnfywfwwf\/ pifppftm;jzifh
rlum; roef;jronf vQyfay:avmfvnfjcif; wnf;[laom pdwfoabm tvsOf;rQ &Sdonf r[kwf? rdrd\ 0rf;cg;udk
rdrd aumif;pGm xdrf;ausmif;Edkifonf jzpfí Oa&mywkdufolwdkU enf;wl vGwfvyfpGm oGm;vm aysmfyg; aexdkifvdkjcif;
rQom jzpfay\/
a&TOa'gif;
,if;odkU rdrdwkdU tvdktavsmuf vGwfvyfpGm oGm;vm 0ifxGuf aexdkifcJhMu&m yxrürlum; igwdkU vifr,m;onf
zufrday\[k atmufarhMu[efESifh wpfOD;udk wpfOD; oifhwifhpGm &Sdao;\/ odkU&mwGif &uf v twefi,f
Mumvwfaomf ta&SUwdkif;om;wdkU\ xHk;pHtwdkif; a,musfm;onf rdef;rtm; vnf;aumif;? rdef;ronf a,musfm;tm;
vnf;aumif; wpfOD;wnf; rlydkif &vdkaom oabmonf toD;oD; jzpfay:í vmcJh&m rdef;rjzpfolu rdrd\
a,musfm;onf bdkujym;r wpfa,mufESifh ta&mw0if um;ay: ,SOfwGJí pD;oGm;onfudk jrifvdkuf&ojzifh jiLpl\/
¤if;rdef;rESifh wpfBudrfrS ESpfBudrf? oHk;Budrf wdkifatmif twlwuG jrifvdkuf&aomtcg roef;jr\ pdwfü igonfvnf;
tnHU rcHacs? ¤if;uJhodkUyif aysmf&TifvGwfvyfpGm aexdkifthH[k atmif;arhí rdrdESifh oli,fcsif; jzpfzl;aom armifxGef;&D
qkdolESifh bdkifpukyf Munfhjcif;? uefawmfBuD;udk um;ESifh ywfjcif;? [dkw,fü xrif;pm;jcif; ponfwkdUudk
jyKvkyfcJhav\/ xkdtaMumif;udk armifwifvS Mum;odvwfaomf pdwfü tawmfyif rcsrf;rom jzpfaomfvnf;
rmeBuD;aom olwpfa,muf jzpfojzifh roifhavsmfaMumif;udk acsmharmhívnf; rajymvdk? rddrduvnf; cyfawGawG
aexkdifcJhonf jzpfí wif;MuyfpGmvnf; rajym0hHbJ vifESifh r,m;onf wpfaeUwpfjcm; at;pufpuf jzpfí jzpfí
vmcJhMuav\/
wpfnoü roef;jronf armifxGef;&DESifh bdkifpukwfyGJrS xGufvmcJhí tif'gqif [dkw,fü Aifwdk wpfcGufpD
aomufMuNyD;aemuf armifxGef;&Du tcsdef&Sdao;onf jzpfí uefawmfBuD;udk um;ESifhywfMu&ef ajymonfwGif
oabmwl um;wpfpD;ay:odkU wufMuav\/ um;ay:odkU wufNyD;onfrS pí roef;jronf tb,fodkU
jzpfoGm;&onf rod? owdarhavsmhí oGm;av&m owd&vmojzifh rsufpdudk zGifhí Munfhvdkufaomtcg uefawmfBuD;
tv,fuRef;ü armifxGef;&DESifh ESpfa,muf xdkifvsuf &SdaeaMumif;udk awGU&Sd&av\/ xdktcg roef;jronf
thHMopGmESifh ½kwfw&ufxí armifxGef;&Dtm; tusdK;taMumif;udk ar;jref;rnf jyKqJwGif vlwpfa,mufonf
"m;ajrmifudk udkifpGJvsuf ½kwfw&uf xGufvmí roef;jr\ vuf0wfvufpm;ESifh aiG&SdorQudk vnf;aumif;?
armifxGef;&D\ a&Tvufywfem&DESifh aiG&SdorQudk vnf;aumif; jcdrf;ajcmuf awmif;,lav\/ ckcH&ef
rwwfEdkifMuaomaMumifh tMuifol ESpfOD;wdkdUrSm ygorQ ypönf;rsm;udk ay;cJhMu&av\/ roef;jrurl pdefem;uyf
wpf&H? vufxyfvufpGyf wpfuGif;? vufaumuf wpf&HESifh aiGpuúL 10 wef wpfcsyfESifh armifxGef;&Du
a&Tvufywfem&D ESifh aiG 15 usyf ay;cJh&av\/
roef;jrrSm jrefrmrdef;ryif jzpfaomfvnf; vifa&m r,m;yg c&pf,mefbmom udk;uG,folrsm; jzpfí vufxyfpOfu
armifwifvSu vufxyfvufpGyf [lí wifocJhzl;avonf/
rdwfaqGESpfOD; wdkUonf ygorQ ypönf;udk vlqdk;tm; ay;cJh&NyD;aemuf NrdKUwGif;odkU jyefvmNyD;vQif tdrfodkU toD;oD;
jyefvmMu&m roef;jrrSm vufpGyfESifh wuG vufaumuf? em;uyfrsm; aysmufqHk;onfhtwGuf vifukd rnfuJhodkU
ajym&rnf rodbJ tvGefw&m tMuyfMuvsuf &Sdav\/ ,if;odkU Muyfwnf;onfxuf Muyfwnf;atmif
taMumif;wpfck jzpfay:í vmjyefonfrSm aemufwpfaeUü ypönf;rsm;udk vk,lvdkufaom olcdk;u roef;jr\
vufaumuf? vufpGyf? em;uyf rsm;udk aiG 5000 ESifh jyefvnf a&G;EIwfjcif; rjyKcJhygvQif uefawmfBuD;
tv,fuRef;ü roef;jrESifh armifxGef;&D wdkU ntcgü ESpfa,mufwnf; awGUMu&onfh taMumif;udk vifjzpfol
armifwifvStm; pHkvifpGm ajymjyrnf jzpfaMumif;ESifh xyfavmif;í Ncdrf;ajcmuf jyefav\/
&S m;/ /]ypönf;u b,favmufzdk;avmuf wefovJ}

az/ /]wefvSvQif 1500 zdk;avmuf wefygvdrfUr,f}
&S m;/ /]aMomf wefzdk;xuf oHk;q ay;NyD; jyefa&G;&r,f qdkygawmh}
az/ /][kwfw,f q&m}
&S m;/ /]'DtrI[m cifAsm; qDudk b,fhES,f a&mufvmovJ}
az/ /]wkdifcsufay;w,fawmh r[kwfygbl; q&m&,f/ vifa&m r,m;a&m [mu oli,fcsif; jzpfaeavawmh

r,m;jzpfol roef;jru ol rBuHwwfavawmh uRefawmhudk BudwfNyD; wdkifyifvdkU od&wmyg q&m}
&S m;/ /]rSefwJh twdkif; armifwifvSudk ajymNyD; 0efcsvdkuf&ifaum As}
az/ /]w,fcufw,f q&m? ypönf; aysmufwmu ta&;rBuD;bl;? uefawmfBuD; tv,fuRef;rSm a,mufsm;ESifh rdef;r
ESpfa,mufxJ oGm;w,fqdkawmh obmxm;½dk; ESifhvdkU b,fenf;ESifhrS ,HkMunfEdkifr,f r[kwfaybl; q&m? 'Dawmh
vifr,m; uGJoGm;Muyg vdrfhr,f? uGJoGm;&if aiG 5000 vJ ru epfem MuygvdrfUr,fq&m}
&S m;/ /]roef;jru olUvif rodatmif aiG 5000 &SmEkdif ovm;}
az/ /]olUtazu ta&;ydkif OD;atmifausmf jzpfavawmh tusdK;taMumif; ajymjy&&if ay;Ekdifygvdrfhr,f q&m}
&S m;/ /]'gxuf aeygOD;Asm? aiG 5000 awmif;yHku b,fvkd enf;ESifh awmif;ovJ? pmESifhvm;? vludk,fwdkifvm;}
az/ /]a&SUaeudkausmfwifhaygh q&m? 'Dvlu a&SUaetvkyfu 'Davmufr[kwfbl;? 'Dvdk r[kwfw½kwftrIawG vufcHNyD;
NrdKUay:rSm aiGñSpfNyD; pm;aewJh vlaygh q&m}
&S m;/ /]usKyf odw,f? 'Dvl taMumif; usKyfodw,f? usKyfvJ acsmif;aewm ? b,facsmifrSm ydwfrdrvJ rodbl;?
wpfaeUawmh ydwfrdvdrfhr,fAsm? roef;jru tck tdrfrSm &Sdovm;}
az/ /]&Sdygw,f q&m}
&S m;/ /]udkwifvSaum ½Hk;oGm;NyD r[kwfvm;}
az/ /]oGm;ygNyD q&m}
&S m;/ /]udkif; 'gjzifh vmprf;Asm? usKyf awGUprf;csifw,f}
az/ /]awGUvdkU xl;r,f rxifygbl; q&m}
&S m;/ /]bmvdkU xl;r,f rxifovJ As? roef;jrESifh armifxGef;&DESifh[m wu,fyJ aoG;½dk;om;½dk; oabm½dk;ESifh [dknu
twlwuG oGm;vm vnfywfMu½dk; rSef&if 'DtrIrSm usKyf ulnDr,f? EkdUr[kwfcJh&if 'DvlrsdK;awG usKyf
tjrifuyfw,fAsm? olwdkU 'ku©ESifh olwdkU b,fvdkyJaeae usKyf rulnDcsifbl;? oabm½dk; r½dk;udk usKyfudk,fwdkif
rsufpdESifh jrif&rS usKyf tuJcwfEdkifr,f}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwdkU oHk;a,mufonf 0wfvHkawmf& armifwifvS\ aetdrfodkU oGm;a&mufMuav&m roef;jronf
rsufESmyif r&Tifysaomfvnf; {nfh0wfausyGefpGm jyLiSmaom trlt&mESifh ae&mxdkifcif; ay;NyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;
ygvmaMumif;udk armiftkef;az ajymjyojzifh od&Sd&onfESifh wNydKifeuf cdkudk;&mrJh &Sdaeaom trlt&mESifh
armifpH&Sm;tm; tusdK;taMumif; tjzpftysuf rsm;udk ajymav\/ aemufqHk;ü
jr/ /]uRefrwdkU aeyHkxkdifyHk[mvJ aumif;aumif;BuD; vGJaMumif;udk uRefr od&ygNyD OD;pH&Sm; &Sif? 'Dwpfcgrsm;
udkwifvSu uRefr tay:rSm ,HkMunfvdkU tjypfvGwfr,f qdk&if uRefrvJ wpfoufvHk; b,fawmhrS bdkwk
rcdk;awmhygbl; &Sif? rSwfygNyD}
&S m;/ /]armifxGef;&DESifh roef;jru oabm½dk;yJ cifMuovm;}
jr/ /]rSefygw,f&Sif? i,fi,fuwnf;u ausmif;aezuf oli,fcsif;yJ? vlysdK tysdK b0 uwnf;u uRefrwdkU
'DpdwfrsdK; rul;rdMuygbl; &Sif ,Hkygawmh? tck qdkwmrSmawmh uRefr udkwifvS tay:rSm rcHcsifwJh twGuf *kPfNydKifNyD;
aygif;csif; aygif;&if a,musfm;xJu ,HkMunf pdwfcs&wJh a,musfm;ESifh a&G;NyD; taygif;toif; jyKr,fvdkU
atmufarhNyD; udkxGef;&DESifh oGm;azmf vmzuf jyKrdygw,f &Sif}
&S m;/ /]armifxGef;&Du cspfpum; BudKufpum;rsm; ajymzl;ovm;}
a&TOa'gif;
jr/ /]tysdKwkef;uvJ rajymzl;ygbl;? tckvJ wpfcGef;rS rajymzl;ygbl; &Sif}

&S m;/ /]uefawmfBuD; vdkufwmawmh oabmwl vdkufwmyJ? [kkwfp}
jr/ /]rSefygw,f&Sif? wpfBudrfawmif ruygbl;? t&ifuvJ wpfcgESpfcg a&mufzl;ygw,f}
&S m;/ /]um;ay:wufrdawmh bmjzpfoGm;ovJ}
jr/ /]b,fvdkjzpfw,f rajymwwfygbl;? rl;ovkd a0ovdk jzpfNyD; owdarhoGm;ygw,f&Sif}
&S m;/ /]t&ufrsm; aomufrdovm;}
jr/ /]raomuf&ygzl;&Sif? b,fawmhrSvJ raomufzl;ygbl;? Aifwdk wpfcGufawmhjzifh [dkw,frSm aomufrdygw,f}
&S m;/ /]aiG 5000 &atmif &SmEdkifyghrvm;}
jr/ /]rwwfom&if azazhqDu &atmif awmif;&rSmaygh &Sif}
&S m;/ /]udkif; awmif;omxm;ESifh? yHkawmf&ifvJ 'Dtwdkif; jyef&r,f? rvTJom&ifvJ aiGESifh a&G;,l&vdrfhr,f Mum;vm;}
jr/ /]aumif;ygNyD &Sif}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwdkUonf tdrfay:rS qif;vmcJhMuí tdrfa&SU 0if;aygufodkU a&mufaomtcg vlwpfa,mufonf
0if;xJodkU 0ifvmonfESifh &ifqdkifawGUMu&m xdkolu a'goBuD;aom trlt&mESifh armifpH&Sm;tm;
]cifAsm;udk usKyf odw,f? cifAsm; pHkaxmuf udkpH&Sm; r[kwfvm;? cifAsm;wdkU pHkaxmufawG usKyftdrfxJudk bmudpöESifh
0ifMuwmvJ}
[k ar;í ykcHk;csif; ,SOfum &yfaeonfwGif armiftkef;azu xdkol\ ykcHk;udk udkifí
]t&m r[kwfbJESifh a'goBuD; raeprf;ygESifh udkwifvS&,f}
vS/ /]bmaMumifh t&m r[kwfovJAs? usKyftdrfxJudk pHkaxmufawG 0ifvm;xGufvm; vkyf&atmif usKyfwdkU vlowfrI
jzpfvdkUvm;}
az/ /]r[kwfygbl;Asm? pdwfqdk;p&m &Sd&if usKyfudkom pdwfqdk;yg? OD;pH&Sm;udk pdwfrqdk;ygESifh? usKyf ac:vdkU vdkufvm
&SmwmygAs}
vS/ /]cifAsm;u bmvdkU ac:cJh&wmvJ}
az/ /]cifAsm;wdkU vifr,m; roifhrwifh jzpfwJh udpörSm }
vS/ /]tvdk vifr,m; &efjzpfwmESifh pHkaxmufESifh bmqdkifvdkUvJ As? pHkaxmuf ruvdkU bk&ifcHcsKyfBuD; udk,fwdkif
vmNyD; jzefajzayr,fh usKyfwdkU rat;bl;? cifAsm;wdkU rsufESmudk aemufwpfcg rjrif&apESifh? oGm;MuAsm}
[k ajymNyD;aemuf armifwifvSonf tdrfay: odkU rwufbJ um;wpfpD; ay: odkU wufí xGufoGm;av\/
uRefawmfwdkU oHk;OD;onf 0ifaygufrS xGufavQmufvmMuaomtcg
&S m;/ /]'DtrIrSm usKyfawGUcsifwJh vlrsm;teuf ESpfa,mufudkyJ awGUzdkU usefawmhw,f?a&SUae udkausmfwifh vdyf
udkawmh usKyf odNyD? armifxGef;&D&JU vdyfESifh [dk bdkr qdkwJh vdyfudk ay;prf;Asm}
[k awmif;ojzifh armiftkef;azonf ¤if;wkdU\ ae&yfrsm;udk ajymí armifpH&Sm;u a&;rSwfav\/ ¤if;aemuf
xdkolrsm;ESifh awGU&efrSm armiftkef;az vdkuf&ef rvdkawmhaMumif;ESif hajymí armiftkef;azESifh cGJcGmNyD;vQif uRefawmfESifh
armifpH&Sm;wdkUonf a&S;OD;pGm a&SUae armifausmfwifh\ tvkyfwdkufodkU oGm;a&mufMuav\/
tvkyfwdkufodkU a&mufaomtcg armifausmfwifhESifh tcefUoifhyif awGUqHkrdav&m armifausmfwifh qdkolrSm touf

35 ESpf t&G,fceffU &Sdí ESmacgif;cRef;cRef; ar;cRef;cRef;ESifh xufjrufpl;&S awmufyvSaom rsufvHk;rsm;tjyif
zswfzswfvwfvwfESifh oyf&yfaom trlt&mvnf; &Sday\/ uRefawmfESifh OD;pH&Sm;wkdU 0ifvmonfudk jrifonfESifh
wNydKifeuf armifausmfwifhonf vma&mufonfh udpöudk awG;awmrdonfh vu©Pm &Sdav&m ¤if;\ rsufESmxm;rSmvJ
rdrdtm; rnfolrQ vufzsm;ESifh rxdEkdifaMumif; odojzifh cyfat;at;yif &Sdvsuf wwfEdkifvQif udkifMuav [laom
rcefUjim;onfh trlt&mrsdK;vJ &Sdav\/
wifh/ /]<uygcifAsm; OD;pH&Sm;? xdkifygcifAsm;? b,fhES,f cifAsm 'DtrIrsdK;rSm OD;pH&Sm; ygp&m bmtaMumif; &SdvdkUvJ
cifAsm? aiG xkwfay;vdkuf&if NyD;aewJh trIyJ cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]b,ftrIvJ}
wifh/ /]roef;jrwdkU udpöESifh cifAsm; vmwm r[kwfvm;? ajcvSrf;wmudk jrif&if bmudpö qdkwm uRefawmfvJ
odwwfygw,f cifAsm? bmrsm; pHkaxmufzdkU &SdvdkUvJ cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]pHkaxmufzdkU r[kwfaygifAsm? aphpyfzdkU usKyf vmwmyg}
wifh/ /]qdkprf; cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm;wdkU awmif;wJh 5000 [m wqdwfawmh rsm;w,fAsm? udk,fhvuf0wfvufpm; udk,fjyef&zdkU[m
'Davmuf awmif;wmawmh wqdwf vGefw,f xifw,f? enf;enf;avmuf avQmhOD;Asm}
wifh/ /]rSefygw,f cifAsm? 5000 qdkawmh rsm;vGef;w,fvdkU uRefawmf udk,fwdkif 0efcHygw,f? odkUaomfvnf;
enf;wm rsm;wmu uRefawmf wwfEkdifwJh tvkyf r[kwfbl; OD;pH&Sm;&JU? olajymorQ uRefawmfu awmif;&wm cifAs?
olU xifjrifcsufuawmh vuf0wfvufpm;rsm;[m 5000 rwefaomfvnf; roef;jr\ emrnf[m 5000 ru
wefw,fvdkU olu ajymaew,f cifAs}
&S m;/ /]emrnfqdkwm vlrodrS wefwmudk; As? vlodavav wefzdk; ,kwfavQmhavav? tckqdk&if cifAsm;wdkU usKyfwdkU
odaeNyD [kwfp}
wifh/ /]cifAsm;wdkU uRefawmfwdkU odwm ta&;rBuD;? udkwifvS od rodu ta&;BuD;w,f? [kwfvm;Asm}
&S m;/ /]5000d- xufawmh ravQmhEkdifbl;aygh}
wifh/ /]wpfjym;rS ravQmhEkdifbl;wJh cifAs? b,fhES,fvkyfrvJ OD;pH&Sm; cifAsm? uRefawmfh trIonf vkyfwmudk
uRefawmf oabmusvdkUrS r[kwfbJ? EkdUayr,fh udk,fhqDa&mufvmawmh olvdkcsifwJhtwdkif; &atmif[m
0wå&m;twkdif; aqmif&Guf ay;&wmudk; cifAs? wu,fqdkawmh udkwifvS rodatmif uRefawmfu ulnD
aqmif&Gufay;wJh twGuf roef;jr tusdK;vJ ygygw,f cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]olwpfyg; tusdK;udk o,fydk;aqmif&Guf ay;wwfjcif;[mvJ aumif;jrwfaom tavhtusifh wpfckayyAsm?
'gxuf tu,fí roef;jru aiG 5000 ay;cJhvdkU&Sd&if aemufaemifudk b,ftcgrS armifwifvS rodap&ygbl; qdkwm
,HkMunf pdwfcs&atmif b,fvdkrsm; cifAsm;wdkUu tmrcHay;EdkifrvJ}
wifh/ /]'DtrIrsdK;vdkvdk [mawG uRefawmf auseyfatmif vkyfay;vmcJhaygif; rsm;vSygNyD cifAsm? uRefawmf ajym&if
,HkMunfyg? aemufaemifudk b,ftcgrS udkwifvS rodap&ygbl;? uRefawmfu wm0efcHygr,f? pdwfcsygawmh}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm;uawmh [kwfuJh? wu,fvdkU cifAsm;vlu pdwfcs&wJh vl r[kwf&if b,fhES,f vkyfrvJAsm}
wifh/ /]'Dvl tay:rSm uRefawmf EdkifwJh tcsuf &Sdxm;ygw,f cifAsm? pdwfomcsyg? uRefawmfhudk wpfywfr½dkuf0Hh
ygbl; cifAsm}
a&TOa'gif;
&S m;/ /]'Dvludk usKyfudk,fwdkif aocsmatmif rcsnf rwkyf &bl;vm;}

wifh/ /]'Dvludk cifAsm; awGUcsifoaygh [kwfp? 'gawmh r&bl; q&mBuD;a&U? uRefawmfu vGJvdkU cifAsm; b,folESifhrS
awGUcGifh r&aybl;}
&S m;/ /]'gjzihf cifAsm; armifxGef;&D twGufaum wm0efcHEkdif&JUvm;}
wifh/ /]armifxGef;&DESifh uRefawmfESifhawmh bmrS rqdkifbl; cifAs? odkUaomf roef;jrESifh rdwfaqG oli,fcsif;
jzpfavawmh oluawmhjzifh EIwfvHkaumif;yg&JUvdkU arQmfvifhzdkU &Sdygw,f cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]'gjzifh tusOf;csKyfvdkufawmh usKyfwkdUu aiG 5000d ay;&zdkU? ¤if;aiGay;wJh twGufvJ aemufaemif
EIwfvHkygaphr,f qdkwm cifAsm; ajympum;avmuf &Sdwmayghav? 'Dxuf cdkifvHkatmif cifAsm; bmrS rwwfEkdifbl;aygh}
wifh/ /][kwfuJh uRefawmfu EIwfuwd xm;onfxufawmh ydkrdkNyD; bmrS rwwfEkdifbl; aygh}
&S m;/ /]tu,fí roef;jru aiG rxkwfEkdifaomaMumifh jzpfap? cifAsm; ajympum;avmufESifh r,HkMunfEkdif
aomaMumifh jzpfap 'DaiGudk ray;cJh&if b,fhES,fvJAsm}
wifh/ /]'Dvkdqdk&if vuf0wfvufpm;udk &orQESifh a&mif;pm;NyD; roef;jrESifh armifxGef;&DwdkU ESpfa,muftaMumif;udk
armifwifvStm; uRefawmf udk,fwdkif wyfwyftyftyf ajymjyzdkU uRefawmfhvl pDrHxm;w,f? 'DtaMumif;udk
vdkvdkr,fr,f qdkNyD; uRefawmfh vlu pmESifh a&;NyD; xm;wm uRefawmfhqDrSm &Sdw,f? e*dk&furS armifwifvSu
olUr,m;udk ouFmruif; &SdaewJh twGuf 'DtaMumif; Mum;&&if olUpdwfrSm b,fvdk jzpfr,f qdkwm cifAsm;vJ
awG;rdw,f r[kwfvm;}
xdktcg armifpH&Sm;onf rnfodkUrQ ajzqdkjcif; r&SdbJ pOf;pm; pdwful;aeonfh vu©PmESifh &Sdae&m armifausmfwifhu
qufvufí
wifh/ /]vGwfvyfwm BudKufw,fqdkwJh vlrsdK;[m udk,fom vGwfvyfwm BudKufwm cifAs? udk,fhr,m;u
vGwfvyfjcif;udk BudKufjyefw,f? xifovdk vkyfcsifjyefw,f qdkawmh rBudKufEdkifbl;? 'Dawmh udkwifvS[m ... }
&S m;/ /]aumif;NyDAsm ay;ygawmhr,f? odkUaomf 5000d qdkwJh aiG[m enf;wJh aiG r[kwfavawmh &SmzdkU azGzdkU
&ufuav; enf;enf;awmh ay;OD;Asm}
wifh/ /]b,fESpf&ufavmuf vdkcsifovJ}
&S m;/ /]5 &uf xm;Asm}
wifh/ /][m 5 &ufawmh Mumw,fAsm? 3 &ufyJ xm;pdkU&JU? 'DuaeU Mumoyaw;aeU? 3 &ufqdkawmh we*FaEGaeUudk
&atmif vkyfMuAsm}
&S m;/ /]&SdapAs? 3 &ufyJ xm;awmh? odkUaomf roef;jru olU ypönf; [kwfr[kwf rSefrrSefudk ol udk,fwdkif
Munfhcsifayvdrfhr,f?'DtrIESifh ywfoufNyD; pdwfnpfvdkU aeraumif; xdkifrom &SdvdkU oludk,fwdkifvJ cifAsm;qDudk
rvmEdkifaybl;? 'Dawmh ypönf;awGudk cifAsm; udk,fwdkif we*FaEGaeUrSm udkwifvS tdrfudk ,lcJhayawmhAsm? pdwfcsygAs?
vkr,lygbl;? r,Hk&if cifAsm; wpfa,mufxJ rvmESifh? tazmfrsm; ac:csifac:cJhEkdifygw,f}
wifh/ /]udkif; uRefawmf vmr,f? we*FaEGaeU b,fESpfem&DvJ}
&S m;/ /]em&Djyef wpfcsuf xm;Asm}
wifh/ /]udkif; vmr,f? odkUaomf OD;pH&Sm;? wpfck uRefawmf owday;vdkufr,f? cifAsm;[m pHkaxmufbufrSmawmh
awmfawmfyJ ÓPfoGm;yg&JU? uRefawmfvJ csD;rGrf;ygw,f? odkUaomf Oya' vkyfief;rSmawmh cifAsm; uRefawmhfhavmuf
ruRrf;usifbl;As? onfawmh uRefawmhfudk wpfywf½dkufr,frsm;awmh rBuHESifhcifAsm;? vifr,m; wpfcgwnf;
uGJoGm;r,f em;vnfvm;? 'D 3 &uftwGif; cifAsm; udk,fwdkifvJ toGm;tvm wqdwfavmuf qifjcifaevkdufyg?

cifAsm; tdrfudk usKyfbufu pHkaxmufawG 0dkif;NyD; apmifhaeaphr,f? wu,fvdkU enf;enf;uav; rouFmp&m
jzpfay:vmw,fvdkU qdk&if cifAsm; ajymwJh aeUudk usKyf qdkif;aerSm r[kwfbl;? armifwifvS vufudk ckeifu
ajymwJhpm wpfcgwnf; usKyfudk,fwdkif oGm;ay;vdkufr,f? 'Dawmh tpp t&m&m owdxm;NyD; vkyfygvdkU
owday;vdkufyg&ap OD;pH&Sm;BuD;Asm}
&S m;/ /]we*FaEG em&Djyef wpfcsufwdwd [kwfp}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwdkUonf a&SUae armifausmfwifh\ tvkyfwdkufrS xGufvmcJhMuí armifxGef;&D\ aetdrfodkU
oGm;a&mufMu&m vrf;c&D;ü
&S m;/ /]b,fhES,fvJ udkodef;armif? tm* Zuf&JwJh vlwpfa,mufyJ [kwfp}
uRefawmf/ /]uRefawmfjzifh 'Dvl ajymyHk? vkyfyHkawGudk Mum;uaeNyD; rcHcsifvdkufwm cifAsm;? tpdk;& Oya'uvJ
'DvlrsdK;udk b,fES,frS rwwfEkdifawmhbl;vm;}
&S m;/ /]b,fhES,fvkyfrvJ udkodef;armif? olUudk zrf;zdkUawmh usKyf BuH&if tvG,fav;aygh? odkUaomf olUudk zrf;vdkuf&if
roef;jr vifr,m; 'ku©a&mufoGm;rSmudkvJ pdk;&drfaeao;w,fAs? odkUaomf 'DvdkESifhawmh usKyf raeao;ygbl;av? ol
awmif;wJh aiGudkvJ ay;NyD; olUudkvJ wpfenf;enf;ESifh trIywfrdatmif usKyf BuHygOD;r,f}
uRefawmf/ /]'gjzifh aiGuawmh ay;&awmhrSmayghav}
&S m;/ /]olUvufwGif; a&mufaewJh tcgrSm ray;&if b,fhES,f vkyfrvJAs? odkUaomf roef;jr ajympum; twkdif;
aoG;½dk;om;½dk; rSef rrSefudk armifxGef;&DESifh awGU&wJhtcg usKyf qHk;jzwfEkdifw,f? tu,fí olwdkUESpfOD;[m
cspfBudKufí t[kwf oabm½dk;ESifh oGm;cJh½dk;rSef&if armifxGef;&D[m olyg vk,ufjcif; cH&w,fvdkUvJ ,lqEkdifw,f?
usKyf txifawmh armifxGef;&D[m vlqdk;ESifh qufoG,fjcif; ruif;bl;vdkU usKyf xifw,f? Munfhaemf cifAsm;vJ
[dkusawmh vluJcwfayawmh? wpfcsuf ESpfcsufavmuf usKyf zdef;vdkufprf;r,f}
armifxGef;&D\ aetdrfodkU a&mufMuaomtcg uRefawmfwdkUonf ¤if;ESifh tqifoifhyif awGUqHkMu&m armifxGef;&D
qdkolrSm touf 30 t&G,fcefU &Sdí rGefrGef&nf&nfESifh tawmfyif acsmarmvSyaom olwpfa,muf jzpfav&m
0wfyHkpm;yHk aeyHkxdkifyHk wdkUrSm rwefyif use aooyfjcif; &Sday\/
uRefawmfwdkUtm; ae&mxdkifcif; ay;NyD;aemuf armifxGef;&Donf avmuü ylyifaomu jzpfzG,f&m taMumif;udk
pdk;pOf;rQ r&Sdbdonfhtvm; at;at;aq;aq; &Sdaom trlt&m rsufESmxm;wdkUESifh vufcH pum;ajymNyD;vQif udpöudk
ar;jref;&m armifpH&Sm;u roef;jr\ udpöESifh vma&mufjcif; jzpfaMumif; ajymjyav\/
,if;odkU ajymjyonfhtcg tenf;i,f pdwf0ifpm; azmfjy[ef vu©Pm &Sdaomfvnf; armifxGef;&Donf wkefvIyfjcif;?
pdk;&drfjcif; uif;rJhvsuf rdrdESifh i,faygif;BuD;azmf jzpfonfh roef;jrrSm ,ckuJhodkU 'ku© BuHKawGU&onfh twGuf rsm;pGm
0rf;enf;ygaMumif;rsm;ESifh ajymqdkav&m armifpH&Sm;vJ ¤if;\ rsufESmuJudk cwfvsuf aecJhav\/
&S m;/ /(½kwfw&uf) ]udkif; udkxGef;&D? a,musfm;csif;yJ bGif;bGif; ajymMupdkYAsm? ,ck roef;jr tusOf;tusyf
awGU&jcif;[m cifAsm; aoG;aqmifonfh twGuf jzpf&jcif; jzpfw,f? onf'ku©u vGwfatmif u,fq,fzdkU[m
cifAsm; tay:ü wm0ef&Sdw,fvdkU usKyf xifw,f? usKyfuawmhjzifh roef;jrudk olwdkU awmif;wJhaiG 5000d
ray;ESifhvdkU ajymcJhNyD? udkif; 'Dawmh cifAsm; b,fhES,f BuHyr,f} [kajymvdkufaomtcg armifxGef;&DrSm ,cifu
at;at;aq;aq; trlt&mwdkUonf ½kwfw&uf uG,faysmufí wkefvIyfaom trlt&mESifh
&D / /]olwdkUawmif;wJhaiG 5000d ray;&if 'ku©a&mufukefrSmaygh cifAs? vifr,m; uGJoGm;Mu&if b,fhES,fvkyfrvJ
cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]rSefw,f vifr,m; ruGJapcsif&if aiG 5000d udk cifAsm;u xkwfay;awmh? 'gyJ &SdwmyJ}
a&TOa'gif;
&D / /]uRefawmfhudk awmif;wmvJ r[kwf cifAsm}

&S m;/ /]cifAsm;udk rawmif;ayrJh cifAsm;aMumifh jzpf&wJh trI r[kwfvm;As? cifAsm; pdwfxJrSm jrifhjrwfwJh oabm
MuifemwwfwJh oabm ESrf;aphavmuf &SdcJh½dk;rSef&if a,musfm;ESifh rdef;r twl jzpfMu&mrSm a,musfm;uom wm0efudk
tukef,lzdkU aumif;w,fAs}
&D / /]ypönf; a&G;&rSmu olU ypönf; cifAs}
&S m;/ /]vmjyefNyD? olU ypönf; ayrJh cifAsm; ac:vdkY olvdkuf&wm? 'DaiGudk cifAsm;u xkwfay;zdkU aumif;w,f}
&D / /]uRefawmhrSm aiGvJ r&Sdygbl; cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]udkif; 5000d vHk; ray;Ekdif&if 'Dvdk vkyfayawmh ? cifAsm;u 2500d? roef;jru 2500d ay;aphr,f}
&D / /]2500d xm;vdkU 25 usyfawmif uRefawmfhrSm r&Sdygbl; cifAsm}
&S m;/ /(armifxGef;&D\ rsufESmudk aphaphMunfhum twefMumatmif pOf;pm;í aeNyD;rS) ]aMomf 'Dvdkvm;? wefawmh
wefawmh usKyf &dyfrdNyD}
&D / /]bm&dyfrdwmvJ cifAs}
&S m;/ /]awmfygayw,fAsm? awmfygayh? cifAsm;rSm aiGMuyfaew,fvdkU owif; enf;enf;yg;yg;awmh Mum;yg&JU?
EkdUayr,fh onfenf;ESifh aiG&Smw,fvdkUawmh usKyf rxifrdaybl;? aeprf;ygOD;As? vlqdk;ukd b,favmufay;vdkU
armifausmfwifhudk b,favmufay;&ovJ}
&D / /(xdkif&mrS ½kwfw&uf xí) ]cifAsm;u uRefawmfhudk ... }
&S m;/ /]'gaygh ,ckvdk jzpfzdkU[m e*dkuwnf;u cifAsm; pDpOfxm;NyD;om;yJ? usKyf &dyfrdygw,f}
&D / /]r[kwfwmbJ cifAs? BuHBuHpnfpnf cifAsm; b,fhES,f vmNyD; }
&S m;/ /]tydkawGavmuf zsef;raeygESifh? ajymprf;yg vlqdk;vkyfwJh vlu b,folvJ}
&D / /]cifAsm; ajymwmawG uRefawmf bmrS em;rvnfbl;}
xdktcg armifpH&Sm;onf armifxGef;&Dudk twefMumatmif aphaphMunfhNyD;rS...
]udkif; 'gjzifh &Sdap? wm0ef &SdorQudk rdef;rom; wpfa,mufwnf; vTJcsawmh ... ay;&awmhrSmaygh? udkif;Asm roef;jr
wpfOD;wnf;uyJ aiG 5000d ay;ygapawmhr,f? odkUaomf aiGay;wJhaeUrSm oufaotjzpfESifh cifAsm;vmyg qdk&if
vm&J&JUaemf}
&D / /]roef;jru vmapcsif&if vmwmaygh cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]udkif; 'gjzifh usKyfwdkU jyefOD;r,f}
vrf;c&D;ü armifpH&Sm;u uRefawmfhtm;

&S m;/ /]b,fhES,fvJ udkodef;armif? armifxGef;&Dudk cifAsm; b,fvdk oabm&ovJ}
uRefawmf/ /]uRefawmfawmh 'DtrIrSm armifxGef;&DvJ tpkpyfygw,fvdkU xifw,fAs}
&S m;/ /]tif; tpkpyfvm;? wpfOD;wnf;ydkifvm;awmh rajymwwfao;bl;? aiG 5000d &atmif ÓPfqifwJh txJrSm
olygwmawmh trSefyJ? [kdw,fu Aifwdk wpfcGufaomufNyD; owdarhoGm;w,f qdkwm MunfhrSaygh? AifwdkxJrSm
aq;cyfwm olyJ? udkif; odkUaomf vufzuf&nf wpfcGuf 0ifaomufMuOD;pdkUAsm? qmvSNyD}
uRefawmfwdkUonf teD;&Sd vufzuf&nfqdkif wpfqdkifodkU 0ifí vufzuf&nfaomufMuNyD;aemuf twlwuG xGufí

vmMu&mwGif armifpH&Sm;onf vrf;\ tjcm;bufü wpfpHkwpfa,mufaomoludk jrifvdkufonf jzpfí uRefawmfhtm;
rsufpdrSdwfí jyNyD;vQif aetdrfudk jyefMuav\/ tdrfay: odkU a&mufaomtcg
uRefawmf/ /]b,fhES,fvJAs? bdkr qDudk roGm;bl;vm;}
&S m;/ /]vrf; [dkbufrSm armifausmfwifhu vTwfxm;wJh olvQdKwpfa,muf a&mufaeNyDAs? vufzuf&nfqdkifu
xGufuwnf;u usKyfwdkUudk ol ajc&m aumufrdw,f? bdkrudk awGUzdkUvJ w,fBuD; taMumif; rxl;awmhygbl; Asm?
odkUaomf usKyfwdkU xifjrifcsuf [kwf r[kwf aocsmatmif[m cifAsm; wpfck vkyfay;prf;Asm? usKyfawmh tdrfu
xGufvdkU ae&mrusbl;}
uRefawmf/ /]bmvJAsm}
&S m;/ /]armifxGef;&D[m b,fyHk b,fenf; pm;aomuf aexkdifw,f? aiGa&; aMu;a&;rSm b,fvdkaew,f qdkwm
cifAsm; wwfEdkifoavmuf pHkaxmufacsprf;Asm? odkUaomf 'DwpfaeUawmh tcsdefukefygNyD? &Sdygapawmh? eufjzefu pNyD;
tjrefxGufprf;Asm}
aemufwpfaeUü uRefawmfonf armifpH&Sm; apcdkif;onfh udpöudk 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om axmufvSrf; pHkprf; ar;jref;jcif;
jyKcJh&m armifxGef;&DrSm tvkyftudkifvJ ajymyavmufatmif r&Sd? rdbrsm; xm;cJhaom tarGtESpfudk ukefpifatmif
jzKef;wD;cJhí ,cktcgürl wdkufvcudk rSefuefatmif ray;EdkifonfYjyif t0wftpm;rsm;udkyif aygifESHoHk;pGJ vuf&Sd
ae&aMumif;ESifh owif;rsm; pkaqmif; &&SdcJhonfh twdkif; armifpH&Sm;tm; jyefí ajymjyav\/
______
we*FaEGaeU em&Djyef wpfcsuf tcsdefü roef;jr\ aetdrf {nfhcef;wGif armifpH&Sm;? armiftkef;az? armifxGef;&D?
uRefawmfESifh roef;jrwdkUonf armifausmfwifh vma&mufrnfudk arQmfvifh apmifhqdkif;vsuf &SdaeMuav\/
wpfem&D xdk;onfESifh wNydKifeuf tdrfa&SUü um;wpfpD; qdkufa&mufNyD;vQif armifausmfwifhonf um;ay:rS qif;í
vm&m ¤if;\ aemufüvnf; awmifhwif; oefpGrf;aom vloHk;a,mufwdkUvnf; ygvmMuav\/ armifausmfwifhonf
tcef;wGif;odkU a&mufí uRefawmfwdkU tm;vHk;udk MunfhNyD;vQif
wifh/ /]b,fhES,fvJ? vlawG wpfpkBuD;uvm;As? rsm;vSacsuvm;}
&S m;/ /]vlrsm;ayr,fh raMumufygESifh Asm? twif; t"r® vk,lr,fvdkU rBuHpnfygbl; As}
wifh/ /(wynfhrsm; bufodkU vSnfhí) ]rif;wdkU tdrfa&SUu apmifhaeMuuG,f? ig w,frMumcif jyefvmcJhr,f} [k
ajymojzifh ¤if;\ oufawmfapmifh wdkUonfvnf; tdrfjyifodkU xGufoGm;Muav\/
wifh/ /]b,fhES,fvJ aiGaphpyfuJhvm;}
&S m;/ /]&Sdygw,f tqifoifhyJ &Sdygw,f? odkUaomf cifAsm; ,lcJhwJh ypönf;awG[m rSef rrSefudk roef;jr
MunfhayapOD;Asm}
wifh/ /]cifAsm;wkdU aiGudk yxr jyprf;ygOD; }
&S m;/ /]jyvdkufyg roef;jr&,f} [k ajymojzifh roef;jronf pmtdwfESifh xnfhíxm;aom 100d wef puúL tcsyf 50
udk a&wGufí jyav\/
&S m;/ /]udkif; aiGudk pm;yGJay: wifxm;vdkuf roef;jr? udkif; udkausmfwifhuvJ ypönf; rSef rrSefudk roef;jrtm;
jyvdkuf? aphiSw,f rSefw,f qdk&if pm;yGJay:u aiGudk cifAsm; ,lawmh}
a&TOa'gif;
xdktcg armifausmfwifhonf om;a&tdwfi,fudk xkwfí pdefem;uyf? vufaumuf? vufpGyfrsm;udk roef;jr\

vufodkU xnfhav\/ roef;jru ypönf;rsm; aphiS rSefuefaMumif; ajymaomtcg
&S m;/ /]udkif; udkausmfwifh? cifAsm;aiG ,layawmh}
wifh/ /(aiGpuúLrsm;udk avmbBuD;pGmESifh odrf;BuHK;í tdwfxJodkU xnfhNyD;aemuf) ]udpö NyD;NyD r[kwfvm;?
jyefvdkufOD;r,fAsm tm;vHk;}
&S m;/ /]cPuav; qdkif;ygOD; udkausmfwifh? aemufaemifudk EIwfvHkygaphr,fvdkU cifAsm;u usKyfudk uwday;xm;w,f
r[kwfvm;? udkif; roef;jr auseyfavmufatmif oufaorsm;a&SUrS wpfcgxyfNyD; y#dnmOf ay;cJhygOD; Asm}
wifh/ /]ypönf;rsm;udk vk,laom olcdk;[m aemufaemif b,ftcgrS 'DtaMumif;udk rajymapygbl;Asm? usKyfu
wm0efcHygw,f}
&S m;/ /]olcdk;twGuf wm0efcHayrJh armifxGef;&D twGufudkawmh b,folu wm0efcHrSmvJ}
&D / /]uRefawmhf twGufawmh rpdk;&drfygESifh / udk,fht&Sufudk cGJyghrvm; cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]'DvdkESifh rauseyfEkdifbl;? 'Dwpfcg aiG 5000d &&if aemufwpfBudrf xyfNyD; cifAsm; aiG ñSpfcsif ñSpfOD;r,f?
tm;vHk; em;axmifMuAs? 'DtrI[m rlv uwnf;u armifxGef;&Du ÓPfqifNyD; ac:oGm;wJh trIAs? olcdk;qdkwmvJ
wjcm;r[kwfbl;? olUvlyJ? ypönf;udk &NyD;wJhaemuf armifausmfwifh ESifh yl;aygif;NyD; aiGrsm;rsm; &atmif ñSpfxkwfwJh
enf;yJ}
&D / /]r[kwfwmAsm? cifAsm; uvJ}
wifh/ /]OD;pH&Sm; owdxm;Asaemf? olcdk;[m b,folb,f0gvJvdkU ay:atmif pHkaxmufvdkU &Sd&if usKyf rcHEdkifbl;?
udkwifvSudk tusdK;aMumif; tukef ajymjyvdkufvdrfhr,f? 'gyJ}
jr/ /]&Sdygapawmh&Sif? ypönf;jyef&vdkU&SdrS uRefr auseyfygNyD? &Sifvnf; auseyfygawmh OD;pH&Sm; &Sif}
&S m;/ /]roef;jru auseyfayr,fh usKyfu rauseyfEkdifao;bl;? aemufudkvJ udkwifvS ajymr,f ajymr,fESifh
tBudrfBudrf xyfNyD; aiGñSpfae&if b,fES,fvkyfrvJ? 'D[mawG tm;vHk; armifxGef;&D pDrHwmAs? onfawmh
olxdk;xm;wJh vSHudk ol jyefNyD; EIwfaprS ae&musr,f}
wifh/ /]cifAsm; 'Dvdk ½Iyf&if udkwifvSudk usKyf jyefajym}
&S m;/ /]aeMuOD; cifAsm;wdkU ESpfa,mufvHk;? roef;jr? cifAsm; em;axmifprf;? cifAsm;u i,foli,fcsif;&,fvdkU
,HkMunfpdwfcsNyD; vmcJhwJh armifxGef;&D[m vl,kwfrm wpfa,muf oufoufAs}
&D / /]cifAsm; b,fenf;ESifh uRefawmhfudk}
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;onf armifxGef;&D\ teD;odkU uyfí tjcm;olrsm; rMum;&avatmif pum;wdk;wdk; ajymvdkuf&m

uRefawmfrSm armifxGef;&D teD;wGif xdkifaeonfjzpfí atmufygtwdkif; Mum;&av\/
&S m;/ /][kwfwJh twdkif; 0efcHaemf? 0efrcH&if aiGpuúL vkyfwkef;u trIudk tukefazmfNyD; ajymvdkufvdkU omNyD;
trIBuD;oGm;r,f em;vnfvm;? 'DtrIrSm cifAsm;u a&SUoGm;vm;? ausmfwifhu a&SUoGm;vm; ajymprf;} [k
ajymvdkufaomtcg armifxGef;&Donf xdwfvefU tHHMh oaom trlt&mESifh armifpH&Sm;tm; Munfhvsuf
&D / /]udkif; [kwfwdkif; rSef&m ajymygawmhr,f cifAsm? uRefawmf[m ...}
wifh/ /]a[hvl b,fhES,f vkyfwmvJ}
&S m;/ /]udkausmfwifh cifAsm; wdwfwdwf aeprf;yg}

&D / /]'D[mawG[m pifppf udkausmfwifh ÓPfay;NyD; aiGESifh rQm;vdkU uRefawmfuvJ jywfjywfvyfvyf jzpfaewJhtcgESifh
BuHKNyD; olajymwJh twdkif; AifwkdrSm aq;cyfNyD; roef;jrudk uefawmfBuD; ac:ygw,f cifAsm? roef;jrESifh uRefawmfESifh
[m cspfBudKufMuwmvJ r[kwf? i,foli,fcsif; rdkUvdkU ½dk;½dk;oabmESifh cspfcifMuwmvJ rSefygw,f/ [dknuvJ
roef;jrudk uRefawmfu vufzsm;ESifhrS rwdkUrddygbl;? udkausmfwifhu ÓPfqifay;wJhtwdkif; a&v,fuRef;rSm
owd&atmif apmifhNyD;aeygw,f? owd&vmwJh tcgrSm}
wifh/ /]a[hvl cifAsm;yg 'ku©a&mufoGm;r,faemf owdxm;}
&S m;/ /]olcdk; vkyfwmu b,folvJ}
&D / /]udkausmfwifh cifAs}
xdktcg armifausmfwifhonf armifxGef;&Dtm; ]acG;rom; opömazmufwJh taumif} [k ajymí xdk;Budwfrnf jyKav&m
armifpH&Sm;ESifh armiftkef;azwdkUu 0ifqGJí xm;&av\/ ¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;u ]AsdKU udkwifvS xGufcJhawmhAsm} [k
ac:vdkuf&m armifwifvSonf wpfckaom tcef;wGif ykef;atmif;ae&mrS xGufvmí r,m;jzpfol roef;jr\ vufudk
qGJudkifvsuf bdkqefaom vifr,m; jzpfMuonf twdkif; pdwfauseyfonfh trlt&mudk jyMuav&m uRefawmfwdkUrSm
rsufESmvTJí aeMu&av\/
&S m;/ /]tckawmif bdkqefMuwkef; &Sdygao;ovm;}
vS/ /(NyHK;&,fvsuf) ]rSwfygNyD q&m? 'Dwpfcg aemufqHk;ygyJ? aemufaemifudk jrefrmvlrsdK; jrefrm vifr,m; yDyD
aexdkifygawmhr,f OD;pH&Sm; cifAsm;? cifAsm; aus;Zl;udkvJ rarhygbl;}
&S m;/ /]tpp pdwfauseyfuJhaemf}
vS/ /]auseyfwJh [dkbuf vGefoGm;ygao;w,f q&m}
¤if;aemuf armiftkef;azonf armifausmfwifhESifh armifxGef;&D ESpfa,mufvHk;udk tdk;bdkXmemodkU
ac:aqmifoGm;avownf;/
NyD;ygNyD/
______
a&TOa'gif;
4/ tqdyfaomufaoonfqdkaomtrI
uRefawmf\ rdwfaqG pHkaxmufarmifpH&Sm;onf oHk;yHkzJ½dkufjcif;? ppfbk&ifxdk;jcif; tp&Sdaom ÓPfudk toHk;jyK&onfh
upm;rsdK;wdkUü tvGefw&m uRrf;usif vdr®mol wpfa,muf jzpfav&m tifpydwfawmf armiftkef;azonf ¤if;ESifh
zufNydKif upm;onfh tcgwdkif; xHk;acGxdonfom jzpfaomaMumifh rcHcsifonfh oabmESifh &Hzeff&Hcg
vma&mufupm;avh&Sd\/ wpfaeUoü uRefawmfwdkU oHk;OD;om;onf tdrfa&SU{nfhcef;ü oHk;yHkzJ upm;vsuf&SdMupOf
tcef;wHcg;udk acgufoHMum;ojzifh armifpH&Sm;u zGifhay;vdkufonfwGif aumif;rGefoyf&yfaom t0wftpm;rsm;udk
0wfqifvsuf toufav;q,fausmf t&G,fcefU&Sdaom &[l'DvlrsdK; wpfa,mufonf tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifvmav\/
armifpH&Sm;onf ¤if;tm; ae&mxdkifcif; ay;ojzifh xdkolonf ukvm;xdkifü xdkifrdavvQif uRefawmfonf xdkol\
t*Fg½kyfudk tuJcwfvsuf&Sd&m tom;rSm0gpyfpyf &Sdvsuf ESmacgif;onf iSufEIwfoD; uJhodkU aumufcsdwfcsdwf
&Sdonfudk vnf;aumif;? rsufpdESpfvHk;rSm wpfvHk;ESifh wpfvHk; tvGefeD;vsuf wpfae&mü Mum&SnfpGm pdkufí rMunfhbJ
xdkrSþrS ajymif;a&TUum Munfhwwfaom 0goem&Sdonfudk vnf;aumif;? tvGefus,f0ef;aom ezl;jyif &Sdonfudk
vnf;aumif;? xlxyfaom rsufcHk;ESifh EIwfcrf;arT;rsm; &Sdonfudk vnf;aumif; awGUjrif&av\/
xdkol/ /(t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh) ]uREkfyfemrnf a';Apf ac:ygw,f? aumfrD&Sifpm; tvkyfudk vkyfygw,f? aexdkifwmu

yef;qdk;wef;rSm aeygw,f} [k ajymNyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm; bufodkU vSnfhí
]OD;pH&Sm; qdkwm cifAsm; r[kwfvm;}
&S m;/ /][kwfygw,f / onf[mawGu uRefawmfh rdwfaqGrsm;ygyJ? wdkifyifp&m &SdvQif olwdkU a&SUrSmyJ
wdkifyifEkdifygw,f? vkyfazmfudkifzufawG ygyJ}
a';Apf / /]uRefkyfudpöu enf;enf;ta&;BuD;ygw,f? wdkwdkwkwfwkwfyJ ajymyg&apawmh? onfvdkyg cifAsm?
onfuaeU reuf uRefawmfhrdef;rxHu pmwpfapmif &ygw,f? pmxJrSm olu tifrwef pdwfnpfwJh twGuf
olUudk,fol owfNyD; aoygawmhr,f wJh? ¤if;pmESifh twl aowrf;pm wpfapmifvJ ygygw,f? ¤if;aowrf;pm
t&rSmawmh olUrSm&SdorQ ypönf;Opöm tm;vHk;udk uRefawmfwpfOD;wnf; tarGcH tarGpm; tjzpfESifh vTJajymif;NyD;
ay;cJhygw,f cifAsm? pm&&jcif; uRefawmfu armfawmfum;ESifh olaewJh pwDAifqifvrf;udk oGm;awmh}
&S m;/ /]aMomf cifAsm;wdkU vifr,m;u twlwl raeMubJudk;}
a';Apf / /]twlwl raeMubl; cifAs? &efjzpfNyD; cGJaeMuwm wpfESpfausmfausmf avmuf &SdoGm;NyD? cGJaeMuayr,fh
trSefajym&rSmjzifh wpfOD;ESifh wpfOD; arwÅm ukefMuwmawmh r[kwfbl;aygh cifAsm? wpfOD;uvJ iguawmh 0efrcsbl;?
olu 0efcs&if jyefaygif;r,f? wpfOD;uvJ igrSefvsufESifh 0efcsvdkUjzifh raygif;bl;? oluom 0efcs&r,f? onfvdk
trIvkyfNyD; aecJh rdMuwmudk; cifAs? onfuaeU&wJh pmxJrSmawmh uRefawmfu pwifNyD; 0efcsvdrfhr,fvdkU arQmfvifhNyD;
aecJhwm &uf v rsm;pGm MumcJhygNyD wJh? wpfaeUaomfvJ ay:vmEkd;Edk;ESifh arQmfvifhrdcJhwm onfwpfcgjzifh arQmfvifhjcif;
ukefwJhtwGuf vlUNynfrSmvJ raevdkawmh ygbl;wJh cifAsm? 'gESifh uRefawmfu armfawmfum;ESifh ysm,D;ysm,m
armif;oGm;vdkU olaewJh wdkufudk a&mufawmh tcef;wHcg;udk twGif;u ydwfNyD;xm;wm awGU&w,f cifAs? uRefawmf
tjyifu av;ig;ajcmufcGef; atmfNyD; ac:vdkUvJ xl;azmf r&bl;? 'gESifh {uEÅ wpfpHkwpfck xl;xl;jcm;jcm; jzpfNyDqdkNyD;
OD;pH&Sm;qDudk ajy;vmcJhygw,f cifAsm? tm;vyfvdkU &Sd&if wqdwf vdkufMunfhygOD; cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]uRefawmfu q&m0efrS r[kwfbJAsm? wu,fqdkawmh q&m0efqDudk cifAsm; a&S;OD;pGm oGm;zdkUaumif;w,f}
a';Apf / /]trSefajym&rSmjzifh tcef;xJudk uRefawmf 0ifrdcJhvdkU&Sd&if aowrf;pmrSmvJ ypönf;awGudk uRefawmfhudk
vTJay;xm;cJhawmh rawmfwq ykvdyf t&m&Sdrsm;u uRefawmfh tay:rSm rouFmp&m jzpfrSmudk awG;NyD; ylrdwJh twGuf
onfupHkaxmufBuD; OD;pH&Sm;ESifh twl oGm;&w,fqdkvQif udk;um;p&m wpfck &vdrfhr,fvdkU arQmfvifhrdvdkUyg cifAsm}
az/ /(xdkif&mrS ½kwfw&ufxí) ]udkif; 'gjzifh oGm;MunfhMupdkUAsm}

&S m;/ /(armiftkef;az\ rsufESmudk Munfhvsuf)]tckrSjzifh rxl;ygbl; rdwfaqG? onfavmuf ysm,D;ysm,m
rvkyfprf;ygESifh? cifAsm;qD a&;vdkufwJh pmESifh aowrf;pm ygcJhovm;}
a';Apf / /]ygcJhygw,f cifAsm} [k ajymí a';Apfonf rdrd\ tdwfrS pma&;puúL tjymESifh a&;xm;aom
pmwpfapmifESifh zl;puwfpuúL wpf&Gufudk xkwfí armifpH&Sm;tm; ay;tyfav\/
&S m;/ /]onf[mawG cifAsm; b,fhES,f &ovJ}
a';Apf / /]pmwdkufu &w,f cifAs}
&S m;/ /]b,ftcsdefu &ovJ}
a';Apf / /]onfuaeU reuf cyfapmapmyJ &w,f}
&S m;/ /(pmudk zwfNyD;aemuf) ]pmxJrSmawmh tqdyfaomufNyD; aoawmhr,fvdkU qdkyguvm;? tck 10 em&Dawmif
xdk;NyD;NyD? w,fNyD; at;at;aq;aq; &SdwJh q&mBuD; yguvm;}
a';Apf / /]uRefawmfvJ pm&uwnf;u xdwfxdwfvefUvefU jzpfNyD; bmvkyf&rSef; rodatmif a,mifawmifawmif
jzpfaeygw,f cifAsm? tjypfwif&ifvJ cH&awmh rSmygyJ}
&S m;/ /]onfpmudk &awmh cifAsm; t0wfvJNyD;NyDvm;}
a';Apf / /]rvJ&ao;ygbl; cifAsm? tdyf&mu xp &Sdygao;w,f}
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;onf xdkol\ 0wfyHkudk Munfh½I&m rnfonfhae&mürQ taqmwvQif 0wfqifxm;onfY vu©Pm
r&SdbJ aooyfaumif;rGefpGm 0wfqifxm;onfukd awGU&Sd&aomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf rsufarSmifMuKwfvsuf
&SdaeNyD;aemuf
&S m;/ /]onfpmxnfhwJh pmtdwfaum rygbl;vm;}
a';Apf / /]ta&;rBuD;bl; rSwfvdkU r,lcJhrdbl; cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]&Sdygap? &Sdygap? onfpmawGudk usKyfaemufrS aoaocsmcsm Munfhcsifao;w,f? xm;cJhOD;aemf}
a';Apf / /]xm;Edkifygw,f}
&S m;/ /]udkif; usKyfwdkU vdkufcJhr,f? cifAsm; wdkufatmufu apmifhaeayawmh ? usKyfwdkU t0wfuav;rsm;
vJvdkufyg&apOD;Asm? rMumygbl;}
a';Apfonf wdkufatmufodkU qif;oGm;aomtcg uRefawmfwdkUonf t0wfrsm; vJvS,f&if; armifpH&Sm;u
armiftkef;aztm;
&S m;/ /]udkif; udktkef;az? cifAsm;u Xmemudk oGm;NyD; oGufoGufvufvuf &SdwJh ykvdyf t&m&Sd wpfa,mufudk
pmwdkufvTwfNyD; yef;qdk;wef;vrf; pmydkUwJh pmydkY ukvm;udk onfuaeU reuf a';ApfxH pmrsm; ydkY& rydkU& pHkprf;yapAs?
onfhjyif wpfa,mufudkvJ rpöufa';ApfrSm toufaygifxm;wmrsm; &Sdovm; pHkprf;cJhayapAsm? olwdkUudk vTwfNyD;
cifAsm;vJ pwDAifqifvrf;udk vmcJhayawmh Mum;vm;}
az/ /]aumif;ygNyD cifAsm}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwdkUonf wdkufay:rS qif;vmcJhMuí uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;rSmrl a';Apf\ um;ay: odkU
wufMu&m armiftkef;azrSmrl tjcm;um; wpfpD;ESifh XmemodkU armif;oGm;av\/
a&TOa'gif;
uRefawmfwdkUonf pwDAifqifvrf;odkU vQifjrefpGm armif;ESifoGm;MupOf vrf;c&D;wGif armifpH&Sm;onf

w½kwfvuform; wpfa,muf\ aetdrfa&SUü acwå &yfwefUapí vT? aqmuf tp&Sdaom vuform; u&d,mrsm;ESifh
twl w½kwfvuform;udk um;ay:ü wifaqmif ac:iifcJhav\/
rpöufa';Apf aexdkif&m pwDAifqifvrf;odkU a&mufMuaomtcg uRefawmfwdkUonf wdkufa&SUwGif armfawmfum;udk
&yfNyD;aemuf wkdufay:odkU wufoGm;MuNyD;vQif w½kwfvuform;onf wHcg;ywåmrsm;udk rdrd vufeufu&d,mrsm;ESifh
zGifhav\/ tcef;wHcg; yGifhonfESifh wNydKifeuf uRefawmfwdkUonf tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifoGm;Mu&m tcef;wGif;ü
"mwfrD;rsm; xGef;vsuf&Sdonfudk awGU&Sd&av\/
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf a';Apftm; ukvm;xdkifwpfck ay:ü Nidrf0yfpGm xdkifapNyD;vQif tdrfcef;twGif;odkU
uRefawmfESifh twl 0ifoGm;Mu&m ckwifay: Zmjcifaxmif twGif;ü toufoHk;q,fausmf t&G,fcefU &Sdí ½kyf&nf
taumiftxnf acsmarm vSyaom &[l'D ukvm;r wpfa,mufonf tdyfaysmfaebd ouJhodkU yufvufvSefum
&Sdaeonfudk awGUjrifMu&av\/ xdktcg armifpH&Sm;onf ckwifteD;odkU csOf;uyfí ukvm;r\ vufudk udkifwG,f
Munfh½I&m vufrSm awmifhvsuf&Sdonfudk awGUjrif&av\/
&S m;/ /]toufukefwm 8 em&Dxuf renf; &SdoGm;NyDAsdKU? aoyHkMunfh&wmawmh tqdyfaomufNyD; aowmESifhyJ wlw,f}
[k ajymqdkvsuf &SdpOf a';Apfonf tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifvdkufvmNyD;vQif NiD;wGm;aom toHjzifh
]&SdMuao;&JUvm; cifAsm? atmifr,fav;Asm? tusdK;enf;ygNyD Asm? usKyfr,m; ao&SmygNyDvm; cifAsm} [k idkoHESifh
ajymqdkvsuf&SdpOf tifpydwfawmf armiftkef;azonf wkdufay: odkU wufvmonfwGif armifpH&Sm;u
rsuf&dyfjyvdkufonfESifh armiftkef;azonf a';Apfudk tcef;jyifodkU qGJiifí ac: oGm;av\/
az/ /]cifAsm; idkcsifvdkU&Sd&if a[m'DrSm xdkifNyD; tm;&atmif idk? usKyfwdkU tvkyf0wå&m;udk vmNyD; raESmuf,SufESifh
Mum;&JUvm;} [k aigufief; ajymqdkdcJhNyD;aemuf uRefawmfwdkU &Sd&m tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifvmcJhav\/
armifpH&Sm;rSmrl ¤if;\xHk;pHtwkdif; tavmif;udkvnf;aumif;? tdyf&mudk vnf;aumif; rSefbDvl;ESifh aocsmpGm
Munfh½Ivsuf&Sd&m *g0eftzsm;ü aoG;pufi,fwpfckudk jrifojzifh vufñId;ñTefvsuf
]b,fhES,f xifovJ udktkef;az}
az/ /]aoG;pufyJ q&m }
&S m;/ /]aowmu tqdyfaomufvdkU aowJh vu©PmyJ ? aoG;pufu b,fhES,f a&mufaejyefovJ? rSef;prf;Asm? usKyf
aoaocsmcsm Munfhprf;OD;r,f}
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf tavmif;udk aocsmpGm Munfh½Ivsuf&SdpOf uRefawmfonf pm;yGJay:ü

aq;ykvif;i,fwpfckudk awGUjrifojzifh aumuf,lMunfh½I&m q&m0efrsm; ay;avh&Sdaom tdyfaysmfaq;ykvif;
jzpfaMumif; pmudk jrifojzifh od&Sd&av\/ ykvif;twGif;üum; aq;&nf wpfpufESpfpuf rQomvQif
usef&Sdavawmh\/ uRefawmfonf xdktaMumif;udk armiftkef;aztm; ajymjy&m armiftkef;azonf aq;ykvif;udk
udkifwG,f erf;½Iyf Munfh½INyD;aemuf
]aq;rSmawmh bdef;ygw,fAsdKU? odkUaomf onfaq; wpfykvif;udk tukefaomufapumrl touf
aoEdkifavmufatmifawmh &Sdr,f rxifbl;? aeOD;Asm NyD;rS q&mUudk jyprf;&atmif}
xdkcPü armifpH&Sm;u ]tvdk ...} [k thHMoavmufaom vu©PmESifh vTwfceJ ajymqdkvdkufonfudk uRefawmfwdkU

Mum;&ojzifh ¤if;&Sd&modkU Munfhvdkuf&m armifpH&Sm;onf tavmif;\ vuf0Jbuf aygifwGif tyfxdk;&muJhodkU
&Sdaeaom 'Pf&muav; wpfckudk Munfh½Ivsuf &SdaMumif; awGUjrifMu&av\/
&S m;/ /]MunfhvSnfhprf;MuAsdKU ? onf[m cifAsm;wdkU b,fvdkxifovJ}
az/ /]aq;xdk;wJh t&mrsm;vm; q&m}
&S m;/ /]tppfyJ? a[m'guaum bmvJ od&JUvm;} [k ajymvsuf armifpH&Sm;onf tvGefw&m ao;i,fvSaom
aiGcsnfjr§ifuav; wpfckudk uRefawmfwdkUtm; jyav&m armiftkef;azonf ¤if;udk udkifMunfhí
az/ /]odNyD q&ma&U? aq;xdk;wJh tcgrSm >yefudk tnpftaMu;rsm; rydwfrqdkU&atmif wwfNyD;xm;wJh aiGcsnfjr§ifeJU
wlw,f q&ma&U}
&S m;/ /]tppfyJ? aq;xdk;wJh >yefaum &SmMuprf; ? awGUMu&JUvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]rawGUygbl; cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]udk,fhaq;udk udk,fxdk;vdkU &Sd&if >yefudk tcef;xJrSm awGU&r,f r[kwfbl;vm;Asm? usKyfxifwJh twdkif;ygyJ?
onftrI[m ½dk;½dk;trIuav; jzpfr,fvdkvkdESifh r½dk;vSbl;Asmh? awmfawmfuav; xl;qef;w,f}
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf tcef;wGif;&Sd Murf;ay: pm;yJGay: ponfwdkUü aocsmpGm rSefbDvl;ESifh Munfh½Ijyef&m

ckwifatmufü wHpOf;i,fwpfckudk vnf;aumif;? Murf;ay:ü zefuJGuhJodkU tenf;i,fudk vnf;aumif;
awGU&Sd&av\/
uRefawmf/ /]wHpOf;uav;u aq;ykvif; vnfyif;udk wdkufNyD; zGifhvdkU? zefuGJu ykvif;vnfyif;u uJGNyD; uswm?
r[kwfbl;vm; cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]onftwkdif;ygyJ? >yefvJrawGUbl;? aq;ykvif;vJ rawGUbl;? onfawmhum; udk,fhudk,fudk owfjcif; r[kwf
...}
uRefawmf/ /]pm;yGJay:rSm aq;ykvif;awmh awGUw,fAsdKU}
&S m;/ /]rSef;prf; Munfh&atmif}
uRefawmfonf aq;ykvif;udk armifpH&Sm;tm; jyojzifh armifpH&Sm;onf ykvif;wGif &Sdaom aq;&nf tenf;i,fudk

vuf0g;ay:ü oGefcsí erf;½IyfMunfh½INyD;aemuf
&S m;/ /]onfaq;ykvif;u wjcm;yJ ? bdef;ygwJh tdyfaysmfaq;uyJ? onf[mu wpfykvif;vHk; aomufvdkU
raoEkdifbl;? >yefeJU xdk;vdkUvJ aoEkdifwJh aq;rsdK; r[kwfygbl;Asm}
az/ /]aoG;pufuaum q&m}
&S m;/ /]aq;ykvif;udk zGifh&mrSm aMumuftm;vefUtm;ESifh ysm,D;ysm,m zGifhavawm h ykvif;uGJu vufudk &SNyD;
vufuaoG;u *g0efrSm vl;wmayghAsm}
az/ /]tcef;xJ a&mufatmif b,fhES,fvkyfNyD; 0ifovJ q&m? tdrfa&SUuvJ tcef;wHcg; ydwfxm;yguvm;}
&S m;/ /]aemufaz; jywif;aygufu 0if[efwlw,f? rSef;prf; Munfh&atmif}
a&TOa'gif;
uRefawmfwdkUonf tdrfaemufaz; jywif;aygufqDodkU oGm;a&mufMunfh½IMu&m armifpH&Sm; awG;xifonfhtwkdif;

jywif;aygufwHcg; yGifhvsuf&Sdonfudk awGUjrifMu&av\/ armifpH&Sm;onf ¤if;jywif;aygufrS atmufodkU
iHkUíMunfh&m ayghyg;zswfvwfaom vlwpfa,mufonf a&ydkufudk wG,fí wufNyD;vQif ¤if;enf;twdkif; jyefíqif;u
tvG,fwul qif;EkdifaMumif; awGU&Sd&av\/
az/ /]uRefawmfjzifh a';Apfudk rouFmbl; q&m}

&S m;/ /]bmaMumifh...}
az/ /]onfrdef;r ao&if oltarG&r,fvdkU aowrf;pmu qdkw,f r[kwfvm; q&m? olowfwm jzpfrSmaygh}
&S m;/ /]aowrf;pmudkvJ usKyf r,Hkbl;? olUudkvJ usKyf r,Hkbl;? odkUaomf oludk,fwdkif owfwmawmh r[kwfbl;As}
az/ /]b,fhES,faMumifhvJ q&m}
&S m;/ /]olUvufudk usKyf MunfhNyD;NyD? zefuGJ&SwJh 'Pf&m rawGUbl;? owfwJhvl[m vufrSm 'Pf&m &Sd&r,f}
az/ /]olvJ vHk;vHk;awmh ruif;bl;aygh q&m}
&S m;/ /]ruif;bl; xifw,f? udkif; onfawmh usKyfwkdUu vufonftppf ray:rjcif; a';Apfudk zrf;vdkU
rawmfao;bl;? olUtay:rSm ouFmruif; &SdaMumif;udk olvHk;vHk; rodapbJ ta0;u trSwfwrJh tomuav;
acsmif;MunfhaeMurS awmfvdrfhr,f}
uRefawmfwdkUonf aemufaz;jywif;aygufrS tcef;wGif;odkU jyefí 0ifvmMupOf ykvdyft&m&Sd wpfa,mufonf

wkdufay: odkU wufvmí armiftkef;az apvTwfonfh twkdif; oGm;a&mufpHkprf;&m ,aeUeHeufapmapmu rpöwm
a';ApfxH pmwpfapmifudk pmydkUukvm;u oGm;a&mufay;ydkU&onf[k xGufqdkaMumif;? rpöufa';Apf\ toufudkvJ
tdk&D,efw,f touftmrcH ukrÜPDwGif 5000 usyfESifh aygifxm;aMumif;udk pHkprf;od&SdcJh&aMumif;ESifh ajymqdkav\/
az/ /]b,fhES,fvJ q&m? touftmrcH ukrÜPDu udk,fhudk,fudk owfaowJh twGuf avQmfaMu; ray;bl;
r[kwfvm; q&m}
&S m;/ /]rSefygw,fAsm ? odkUaomf onftrIu awmfawmf eufeufeJeJ qifNyD;xm;wJh trIESifhwlw,f? tckawmh
usKyfwdkU bm&,fvdkU aoaocsmcsmBuD; rawG;awmEkdifatmif &Sdaeao;w,f? odkUaomfvJ onfavmuf ajc&mcHrdrSawmh
vufonfay:bdkU rcJ,Of;ygbl; xifyg&JUAsm? udkif; udktkef;az tavmif;udk aq;½HkydkUNyD; a';ApfudkvJ oloGm;csif&m
oGm;ygap? olUudk apmifhMuyfNyD; MunfhzdkUawmh usKyfudk,fwkdif pDrHr,fAsdKU? udkif; usKyfwdkU jyefOD;r,fAsm?
taMumif;xl;&if usKyftdrfudk vmcJhayawmh}
aetdrfodkU a&mufMuvQif armifpH&Sm;onf ,cifu awmif;,lxm;vdkufaom pmESifh aowrf;pmudk aocsmpGm

Munfh½INyD;aemuf
&S m;/ /]udkif; udkodef;armif? onfpmESpfapmifrSm bmrsm; xl;jcm;ovJ? aoaocsmcsm Munfhprf;Asm}
uRefawmf/ /(cdkif;aponfhtwdkif; Munfh½INyD;aemuf)]ay;pmrSm yxrtydkif;u uavmifoGm;wpfrsdK;? usefwJh tydkif;ESifh
aowrf;pmu uavmifoGm;wpfrsdK; r[kwfvm; cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]rSefw,f? onfhjyifaumAsm}

uRefawmf/ /]vufa&;uawmh rdef;rvufa&;yJ}
&S m;/ /]rSefw,f? onfhjyifaum}
uRefawmf/ /]ysm,D;ysm,mESifh a&;yHk&w,f}
&S m;/ /]onfhjyifaum}
uRefawmf/ /][m onfhjyifawmh uRefawmf rajymwwfbl; cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]udkodef;armif enf;enf;nHUao;w,fAs? riftdk;rSmvJ rifenf;enf;om &Sdw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]aMomf [kwfvdrfhr,fAsdKU? ESpfvHk; oHk;vHk; a&;vdkuf&if; rifukefvdkU rdSefoGm;&if;? rifxyfNyD; wdkU&&if;?
[kwfNyDAsdKU [kwfNyD}
&S m;/ /]'kwd,tydkif;ESifh aowrf;pmuawmh azmifwdefESifh a&;wmESifh wlw,f? rifvdkufyHk Munfhprf; ? wpfcgwnf;
nDnDnmnm rifvdkufw,f r[kwfvm;}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfayoAs}
&S m;/ /]azmifwdefaum cifAsm; jrifcJhovm;}
uRefawmf/ /]rjrifcJhbl;AsdKU riftdk;awmh jrifcJhw,f}
&S m;/ /]bmjrifrSmvJAsm? onfvdkudk;? aowrf;pm a&;wJhtcgrSm tem;rSm vlwpfa,mufa,muf &Sdw,f? yxrOD;pGm
uavmifwHESifh a&;a&m? rifenf;vdkU cPcPwdkU&a&m? onfawmh tem;u vlu olUazmifwdefudk xkwfay;a&m?
onfvdk rjzpfEkdifbl;vm;Asm}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfvdrfhr,fAsdKU}
&S m;/ /]udkif; odkUaomf? ae&pfayOD;awmh Asm? usKyf odcsifwmav; wpfckESpfck &Sdao;w,f? oGm;NyD; pHkprf;acsOD;r,f}
[k ajymí armifpH&Sm;onf wdkufay:rS qif;oGm;avvQif uRefawmfonf ¤if;trIESifh pyfvsOf;í wpfa,mufwnf;
qufvufpdwful;um &Sdae&pfcJhav\/
xdkaeUnae armifpH&Sm; jyefvmojzifh xyfavmif; od&Sd&onfrSm aovGefol rpöufa';Apfonf a';ApfESifh

vufrxyfrDu qif;&J EGrf;yg;aMumif;? ¤if;\ toufudk taygifxm;onfrSm wpfESpfausmfausmfcefUrQ &SdaMumif;?
¤if;aemuf a';ApfESifh roifhrwifh jzpfMuí uGJuGm aexdkifMuNyD;aemuf rsm;rMumrDtwGif; OD;av;wpfa,muf\
tarGypönf; oHk;aomif;ausmfcefUrQ &&SdaMumif;? ckwifteD;ü awGU&Sdaom aq;ykvif;rSm 'gv[kdZDvrf;(,ck
r[mAE¨Kvvrf;&dS aq;qdkifwpfqkdfifodkU ,refaeUu t&yfjrifhjrifh EIwfcrf;arG; aumif;aumif;ESifh bdkvdk0wfaom
vlwpfa,muf vmí 0,f,laMumif;? tavmif;udk &ifcGJ½Hkü cGJíMunfh½Ionfhtcg q&m0efu tpmtdrfü
tdyfaysmfaq;rsm; awGU&Sdaomfvnf; ¤if;rdef;r aoqHk;jcif;rSm xdktdyfaysmfaq;aMumifh r[kwf? aoG;aMumrsm;ü tqdyfudk
>ywfESifh xdk;oGif;aomaMumifh toufaoqHk;jcif; jzpfaMumif;ESifh q&m0efu xGufqdkonf [k uRefawmfhtm;
jyefajymif; ajymjyav\/
uRefawmf/ /]aq;vm0,fwmu t&yfjrifhjrifh vdkUajymygw,f? a';Apfu t&yfvJ rjrifhyguvm;As}
&S m;/ /]a';Apf0,fwm r[kwfvdkUayghAsm? onftrIrSm onfhjyifvl wpfa,muf &Sdao;w,fvdkU usKyfu tpuwnf;u
rajymbl;vm;? udkif; odkUaomf udktkef;azwdkUqD oGm;NyD; vnfMuOD;pdkUAsm? vdkufOD;rvm;}
a&TOa'gif;
uRefawmf/ /]vkdufwmayghAsm}
uRefawmfwdkUonf armiftkef;az&Sd&m XmemodkU a&mufMuojzifh trItaMumif;ESifh ywfouf&m wkdifyifESD;aESmvsuf

&SdMupOf
az/ /]ae&musvdkufwm q&m}
&S m;/ /]bmrsm;vJAs}
az/ /]a';ApfESifh oGm;azmfvkyfzuf vkyfwJh tDZ&mqdkwJh &[l'Dukvm;[m t&yfjrifhjrihf EIwfcrf;arG;aumif;aumif;yJ
q&ma&U}
&S m;/ /]aMomf axmufvSrf;rdNyDvm;? onfhjyifaum b,fol ygao;ovJ}
az/ /]tJ'D tDZ&mESifh twlwl? 'guawmh a&bufum qdkwJh ukvm;rwpfa,muf &Sdw,f q&m? owif;&yHkuawmh
olwdkUESpfa,mufu a';Apfudk ajr§muf pm; aew,fvdkU Mum;w,f}
&S m;/ /]olwdkU ESpfa,muf rsufacs rjywfESifh AsdKU? Mum;vm;}
az/ /]pdwfcsyg q&m}
xdkcPü touf 40 ausmf t&G,fcefU&Sd ukvm;rwpfa,mufonf XmemodkU ysm,D;ysm,m 0ifvmNyD;vQif

ukvm;r/ /]pwDAifqifvrf;? rpöufa';Apfudk owfwm b,folrSef; q&mwdkU odMu&JUvm;}
az/ /]pHkaxmufwkef;ygyJ}
ukvm;r/ /]pHkaxmufraeESifh ? b,folrS r[kwfbl;? olUa,musfm; owfwm&Sifh ? csufcsif;om oGm;NyD; zr;fMu}
az/ /]xdkifygOD;As? cifAsm; b,fhES,f odovJ}
ukvm;r/ /]a&mh a[mh'Dpmudk zwfMunfh} [k ajymí pmwpfapmifudk pm;yGJay: odkU ypfí wifojzifh armifpH&Sm;onf
¤if;pmudk ajzMunfhí t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh a&;om;xm;aMumif; awGU&Sd&av&m jrefrm t"dyÜm,frSm atmufygtwdkif;
jzpfay\/
tDZ&monf uRefrxH tBudrfBudrfvmí a';Apfu arwå m rukefao;aMumif;udk ajymjyygonf/ uRefrwdkU

ES pfOD; wzef jyefí aygif ;rda p&efvnf; tBuHay;ygonf/ ol\ tBuHrSm uRefru pdwfnpfñl;aomaMumifh
vlUjynfü raeawmhrnfh taMumif;udk pma&;í ay;NyD;vQif aowrf;pmES ifh wuG ay;ydkUvdkufNyD;aemuf
tdyfaysmfaq; wpfcGufudk aomufNyD; vQif aocsifjyKí aeygu a';Apfa&mufvmaom tcg ,lBuHK;r& jzpfNyD ;
vQif a&S;uxuf ydkrdk cspfcif vdrfhOD; rnf[k ajymygonf/ uRef ruvnf; ¤if;tBuHtpnfudk oabmus
ygonf/ ,aeUn þtBuHtwdkif; jyKygawmhrnf/ reufjzef naeavmuf uRef rxH tvnfvmEdkifu vmyg?
tusdK;taMumif; ajymjyygrnf/
rpöufa';Apf
&S m;/ /]cifAsm; trnf rpöuf tefaxmfeD [kwfp}
r/ /][kwfygw,f}
&S m;/ /]rpöufa';ApfESifh b,fhES,f awmfovJ}
r/ /]oli,fcsif; ygyJ? tifrwef cifygw,f? bmrS rawmfyg}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm; ,ck rpöufa';Apf tdrfu vmw,f [kwfp}
r/ /]rSefygw,f}
&S m;/ /]a';Apftdrfaum a&mufcJhovm;}
r/ /]a&mufaomfvnf; a';ApfESifh rawGUcJh&yg}
&S m;/ /]onfpm&aMumif; b,folU ajymNyD;NyDvJ}
r/ /]b,folUudkrS rajym&ao;yg}
&S m;/ /]aumif;NyD? cifAsm; oli,fcsif; owfwJhvl rdcsif&if onfpm taMumif;udk b,folrS rajymESifh Mum;vm;}
r/ /]aumif;ygNyD}
ukvm;r xGufoGm;aomtcg
&S m;/ /],ckawmh awmfawmf &Sif;oGm;NyDAsdKU? tDZ&mqdkwJh taumifu þpmrSmygwJh twdkif; rpöufa';Apfudk oGm;NyD;El;?
oabmwlwJh tcgrSm tdyfaysmfaq; oGm;NyD;0,f? pmESifh aowrf;pmudk olUa&SUwGif a&;ap? aemufNyD; ab;wkduf
tdyfaysmfaewJh tcgrSm olaqmifcJhwJh tqdyfudk aygifrSm xkd;xnfh? aemufab; jywif;ayguf a&>yefu qif;oGm; ?
onfvdk r[kwfvm;Asm}
uRefawmf/ /]EkdU? aeygOD;Asm? a';Apfudk,fwdkifu uRefawmfwdkUqD vmNyD; wdkifwef;w,f r[kwfvm;Asm}
&S m;/ /]onf[mu oufouf ÓPfrsm;wmuyJ As? onfudpöudk olyJ pDrH? pDrHNyD; owfwJhvlu owf? owfNyD;
olUudk,fol vHkNcHKvSNyD qdkNyD; vmwdkifwmayghAsm? onfvdk udk,fhtrIudk ukd,fuOD;atmif usKyfwdkUqD vmNyD;
wdkifwef;wm wpfcg ESpfcg BuHK&zl;NyD r[kwfvm;As? udkif; udkif; tDZ&m vifr,m;ESifh a';ApfwkdUudk usKyfudk,fwdkif
wapmif;u acsmif;NyD; MunfhMu&atmifAsm}
xkdaeUrSpí uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;? armiftkef;az wkdUonf xkdoloHk;a,mufwdkU wdkifyifpum;

ajymMum;Murnfrsm;udk acsmif;ajrmif; Munfh½Iem;axmif&ef BudK;pm;Muygaomfvnf; ¤if;wdkU oHk;OD;
awGUqHkMuonfudkomvQif awGUjrif&í ¤if;wdkU ajymqdkwdkifyifonfh pum;rsm;udkrl Mum;Edkifavmufatmif tcGifh
r&&SdcJhMuacs/
wwd,aeUü rlum; uRefawmfwdkU &nf&G,fonfhtwdkif; xajrmuf atmifjrifcJhav\/ xdknOfUü uRefawmfwdkUonf

tDZ&mvifr,m; aexdkif&m wdkufodkU oGm;a&mufpHkprf; Mu&m ¤if;wkdUrSm 32 vrf;&Sd oHk;xyfwdkuf wpfwdkuf\
tay:qHk; xyfü aexdkifvsuf &SdaMumif; od&SdMuojzifh ¤if;wdkuf trdk;ay: odkU wufMuNyD;vQif aumif;uif
rSefjywif;aygufudk pdefESifh taygufi,f jzpfatmif xGif;azmufNyD;aemuf apmifhqkdif;vsuf &SdMuav\/
a&TOa'gif;
nOfU 8 em&Dausmfavmuf &Sdvwfaomf tDZ&mwdkU\ tcef;rS ajcoHrsm; Mum;&NyD;aemuf "mwfrD;rsm; ½kwfw&uf

vif;ívmav&m uRefawmfwdkUonf trdk;ay:rS acsmif;ajrmif; Munfh½I MuonfwGif tDZ&m vifr,m;
a&mufvmMuaMumif; awGUjrifMu&av\/ ¤if;wdkUonf {nfhcef;pm;yGJü xdkifvsuf &SdMu&m tDZ&monf em&Dudk
rMumrMum Munfhonfudk jrifojzifh wpfpHkwpfa,mufaom oludk arQmfvifh apmifhqdkif;vsuf &SdaMumif; od&Sd&av\/
8 em&D cGJonfESihf wNydKifeuf a';Apfonf tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifvmí pm;yGJteD; ukvm;xdkif ay:ü xkdifNyD;vQif
oHk;OD;om;wkdUonf pum;qlnHpGm ajymqdk jiif;cHkvsuf &SdaeMuav\/
tDZ&m/ /]aiGvdkw,fAs? aiG tm;BuD;vdkaew,f? wdkufcuvJ ylvS qlvSNyD? ykvdyfuvJ usKyfwkdUudk rouFmwJh
vu©Pm &Sdw,f? aiG&atmif jrefjref vkyfawmhAs? usKyfwdkU a0pkuav; ,lNyD; tdEd´,jynf oGm;csifvSNyD}
a';Apf / /]b,fhES,fvkyfrvJAs? usKyfrSmvJ aiGr&Sdbl;? usKyfrdfef;r xm;cJhwJh tarGuav; &zdkU[mvJ cifAsm; *Gvkyfwm
r[kwfbl;vm;}
tDZ&m/ /]usKyfu wHcg;udkvJ ydwfxm;cJhw,f? >ywfudkvJ ,lcJhw,f? wdkufaemufab;uvJ qif;vmcJhw,f?
bmvdkao;vJ? cifAsm;u ÓPfuGefUNyD; pHkaxmufawG wdkifvm;bmvm; vkyfvdkU tm;vHk; *Gusukefw,f r[kwfvm;As}
a';Apf / /]cifAsm;uaum tdyfaysmfaq;ykvif;udk arhNyD; xm;cJhw,f r[kwfbl;vm;As}
tDZ&m/ /]arh&ifaum bmjzpfovJ? 'gaMumifh aowmrS r[kwfbJ}
a';Apf / /]'garhvdkU ykvdyfu ajc&mcHrd rSmayghAs}
rd ef ;r/ /]&Sif onfvdkcsnf;yJ? aiGuav; ay;&r,f qdkawmh [dkvl vdkufcs? onfvl vdkufcs? ay;yg&Sif aiG? uRefrwdkU
oGm;csifygNyD}
a';Apf / /]ay;&r,f? aiGBuD; ay;vdkuf&r,f? MuyfMuyf qlMuaemf? ykvdyfudk oGm;wdkifvdkufr,f}
tDZ&m/ /]wdkifOD;uGm? wdkifacsuGm} [k ajymvsuf ajymifvufaom vufeufwpfckESifh a';Apftm; xdk;Budwfvsuf&Sd&m
uRefawmfwdkUonf ta&;wBuD; trdk;ay:rS vQifjrefpGm ajy;qif;vmMuí wkdufcef;wGif;odkU ajy;0ifMuav\/
wdkufcef;wGif;odkU a&mufaomtcg uRefawmfwdkUonf Murf;ay:ü vJaeaom a';ApfESifh ukvm;rudkomvQif

awGUMu&awmhonf jzpf&m ukvm;ronf uRefawmfwdkU 0ifvmMuonfudk jrifonfESifh wNydKifeuf tuÐstdwfrS
wpfpHkwpfckudk xkwf,lí vQifjrefpGm aomufvdkufonfudk jrif&NyD;aemuf wpfcPcsif;wGif Murf;ay: odkU
vJusoGm;av\/
&S m;/ /]udktkef;az tDZ&mh aemufudk jrefjrefvdkuf ? jrefjrefvdkuf? avScg;u qif;ajy;w,f? vkdufyg vdkufyg?
onf[mawmh usKyfwdkU Munfh&pfyghr,f} [k ajymqdkojzifh armiftkef;azonf c&mudk rIwfvsuf avScg;rS
tajy;qif;í vdkufav\/
wdkufatmufrSmvJ uRefawmfwdkUonf apmapmuyif ykvdyft&m&Sdrsm;udk apmifhqdkif;í aeaponf jzpfaomaMumifh
¤if;wdkUvnf; nmoHay;í tDZ&m\ aemufodkU vdkufMuav\/
uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wdkU rSmrl 'Pf&m&&Sdaom a';ApfESifh tqdyfaomufxm;aom ukvm;rudk wwftm;orQ

apmihfa&Smufvsuf q&m0ef\ xHodkUvnf; w,fvDzkef;jzifh qufoG,f ac:iifav&m q&m0efBuD; ra&mufrDwGifyif
ukvm;ronf Murf;ay:ü vl;vSdrfhNyD;aemuf toufukefí oGm;av\/ a';ApfrSmvJ &if0ü "m;ajrmif'Pf&m ESpfcsuf?
ausmü wpfcsuf? OD;acgif;ü wpfcsuf? tESHtjym; 'Pf&mrsm; &xm;onf jzpfí q&m0ef a&mufvmNyD;onfhaemuf
rMumrD twGif;wGif a';ApfvJ touf qHk;½IH; cJhav\/
uRefawmfwdkUonf tavmif;rsm;udk aq;½HkBuD;odkU wifydkU&ef pDrHvsuf &SdMupOf armiftkef;azonf wdkufay: odkU
ajy;wufvm&m
&S m;/ /]b,fhES,fvJAsdKU? vGwfoGm;NyDvm;}
az/ /]at;? vGwfoGm;NyD q&m? olu um;ESifh twif;ajy;? uRefawmfwdkUuvJ wuúpDESifh twif;vdkuf? vrf;rawmf
blwmem; a&mufawmh jynfNrdKU oGm;wJh &xm;BuD;ay: twif; ckefwuf ajy;yga&m q&m}
&S m;/ /]vmAsdKU? 'gjzifh rjzpfbl;? rDatmif vdkuf&vdrfhr,f}
uRefawmfwdkUonf tavmif;rsm;udk q&m0eftm; tyfESHxm;cJhNyD;vQif XmemodkU vQifjrefpGm um;ESifh armif;ESifvmMu
NyD;aemuf tvGefw&m puftm;aumif;í vQifjrefvSaom ykvdyfarmfawmfum;udk xkwf,lav\/ ¤if;aemuf
uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;? armiftkef;az wdkUonf xkdum;ay: odkU wufMuNyD;aemuf tjcm;ykvdyf t&m&Sdrsm;tm;
uRefawmfwdkU pD;vmcJhaom um;ESihf wwfEkdiforQ aemufu vdkufcJhMu&ef wm0efay;tyfcJhav\/ um;BuD;ay:odkU
wufrdMuvQif armifpH&Sm;onf um;udk armif;ESifav&m um;armif;jcif;twwfü tvGefw&m uRrf;usifvdr®mol
wpfa,muf jzpfav&um; xlxyfvSaom &efukefNrdKUwGif;yifvQif wpfem&DvQif rdkif 40ausmfcefUrQavmuf a&muf
atmif auGUaumufa&Smifwdrf;um twdkuftcdkuf r&SdapbJ armif;ESifcJhav\/ ¤if;aemuf &efukefNrdKUudk ausmfvGefum
&Sif;aom jynfvrf;rBuD;ay: odkU a&mufMuaomtcgüum; armifpH&Sm;onf pufudk vsifjrefonfxuf vsifjrefatmif
zGifhízGifhíay;av&m um;ay:üavrkefwkdif;BuD;usvsuf armifpH&Sm;rSm um;ESifhwpfom;wnf; bufpyfí vkyfxm;
bdouJhodkU jym;jym;0yfum usifvnfpGm armif;ESifcJhav\/ uRefawmfhrSm þrQavmuf vsifjrefaom armfawmfum;udk
rpD;bl;onf jzpfí bk&m;-bk&m;-bk&m; [k a&&Gwfum aMumuftm;wBuD; vdkufygav&m rDwmudk vSrf;í Munfh
vdkufaom tcgüum; wpfem&DvQif 65 rdkif c&D;rQ oGm;vsuf&SdaMumif;udk awGUjrif&aom tcgrSpí uRefawmhfrSm
rsufvHk;rsm;zGifhvsuf em;rsm;rSmvJ rnfonfY toHudkrQ rMum;? w0D0D rnfoHudkom Mum;&onf jzpf&m wpfckaom
ae&modkU a&mufaomtcgüum; rD;&xm;udk ta0;rS vSrf;í &dyfceJ vSrf;í jrifvdkuf&onf jzpfaomaMumifh ¤if;udk
rDvmcJhaMumif; od&Sd&av\/
odkU&mwGif armifpH&Sm;onf pufudk t&SdefavQmhrnfh tpm; a&S;uxufyif wdk;wuf armif;ESifjyefav&m 10 rdepfcefUrQ

armif;ESifrdaom tcg um;onf eHab;odkU csdK;0ifNyD;aemuf ½kwfw&uf &yfwefUonfwGifrS uRefawmfwdkUonf blwm½Hk
wpf½HkodkU qdkufa&mufvsuf &SdaMumif; od&Sd&av\/
armifpH&Sm;onf um;ay:rS vsifjrefpGm ckefqif;í rD;&xm;½Hkydkiftm; rD;&xm;udk &yfwefUap&ef tvHudk jyapav\/
¤if;blwmrSm ao;i,faom blwm½HkrQ jzpfaomaMumifh pmydkY&xm;onf onfvdkae&mü r&yfaMumif;udk odojzifh
armifpH&Sm;u apcdkif;&jcif; jzpfavonf/ wpfrdkifc&D;rQ rD;&xm;onf uRefawmfwdkU &Sd&m blwmodkU vsifjrefpGm
armif;ESifí vmvsuf&Sd&m armifpH&Sm;ESifh armiftkef;az wdkUonf tvGefw&m tHhMovsuf &Sdaeaom ½Hkydkiftm;
rdrdwdkU\ wHqdyfrsm;udk jyí rD;&xm;udk &yfwefUap&ef rD;eDrsm; jyzdkU trdefUay;vsuf &Sdav\/
aemufqHk;ü ½Hkydkifonf ta&;BuD;aMumif; ,HkMunfonfjzpfí tvHwkdifay: odkY rD;tdrfteDrsm; wifNyD;vQif vufrS
rD;tdrfteDudkvnf; &rf;í jyav&m rD;&xm;onf rddD;eDrsm;udk jrifojzifh OMo tBudrfBudrf ay;NyD;aemuf
pufb&dwfrsm; twif;tkyfí &yfwefU&av\/ xdkcPü ykvdyft&m&SdwdkUvnf; 'kwd,um;ESifh
qdkufa&mufvmMuav\/
rD;&xm; &yfwefYonfESifh wNydKifeuf ykvdyft&m&Sdrsm;ESifh uRefawmfwdkUonf rD;&xm;wGJrsm;ay: odkU vsifjrefpGm
wufMuNyD;vQif wpfwGJNyD;vQif wpfwGJ &SmazGMuav&m rnfonfh wGJürQ tDZ&mudk rawGUbJ &SdaecJhav\/
a&TOa'gif;
aemufqHk;ü ykvdyft&m&Sd wpfa,mufu ]ajy;NyD q&ma&U ajy;NyD} [k atmfoHMum;ojzifh uRefawmfonf

blwmbufodkU Munfhvdkfuf&m vlwpfa,mufonf uRefawmfwdkU pD;vmcJhaom ykvdyfum;BuD;udk armif;ESifí
xGufoGm;onfudk awGUjrifvdkuf&av\/
xdktcgrS uRefawmfwdkUvJ vsifjrefpGm vlpkNyD;vQif usef&Sd&pfaom um;ay: odkU ckefwufí um;BuD;aemufodkU
vdkufav\/ tDZ&monf rD;&xm; &yfonfESifh wNydKifeuf ckefqif;NyD;vQif v,fxJrS uGif;í ajy;oGm;NyD;aemuf
um;ay: ckefwuf armif;ESifoGm;jcif; jzpfavonf/
armifpH&Sm;onf um;udk armif;ESifvsuf uRefawmfwdkU tm;vHk;rSmvJ MuyfMuyfwnf;wnf;ESifh vdkufygcJhMuvsuf a&SUrS
um;udk rDatmif twif;armif;ESif cJhMuav&m rD;&xm;onfvnf; uRefawmfwdkUaemufrS qufvufarmif;ESif
vdkufygvmcJhav\/ armifpH&Sm;onf pufukefzGifhí um;udk armif;ESifav&m csdKifh0Srf;aom ae&mrsm;odkU
a&mufaomtcg 'kef;jrif;uJhodkU vTm;í vTm;í ajy;onf[k uRefawmf\ pdwfü rSwfxifrdav\/ a&SUu um;ESifh
tenf;i,f eD;uyfí vmaomtcg armiftkef;azonf a&SUum;rS wdkif,mrsm;udk aoewfESifh vSrf;í ypfaomfvnf;
csefom; r&ojzifh rxdrSefbJ ajy;NrJtwdkif; qufvufí ajy;av\/
rD;&xm;vrf;ul;odkU a&mufaom tcgüum; oHwHcg;onf ydwfqdkUNyD;ESifhonf jzpfaomaMumifh armiftkef;azu

]wpfcgjzifh rdNyD q&ma&U? q&mh taumif rvGwfbl;} [k ajymqdkvsuf&SdpOf a&SUum;ay:rS tDZ&monf rnfodkU
jyK&rnf rodonfh vu©PmESifh um;udk tenf;i,f t&Sdefowfav\/ xdkcPü rD;&xm;onf uRefawmfwdkU\
aemufrS ay 200 cefUom vSrf;a0;uGmvsuf t&Sdefjyif;pGm ckwfESifvsuf &Sdav\/ tDZ&monf wpfcPrQomvQif
awGa0pOf;pm;NyD;aemuf rdrd\ um;udk a&S;uxuf vQifjrefpGm armif;ESifNyD;vQif rD;&xm;vrf;ul; oHwHcg;udk
twif;0ifwdkufvdkuf&m uRefawmfwdkUrSm tHhtm;oifhum um;udk &yfwefUí MunfhaeMu&av\/
tDZ&m\ um;onf oHwHcg;udk t&Sdfefjyif;pGmESifh 0ifí wdk;ojzifh wHcg;onf usdK;yJh ysufpD;í oGm;NyD;vQif um;onf
wHcg;udk ausmfvGefí rD;&xm;oHvrf;a&SUü xkdrS þrS ,drf;,dkifvsuf &Sdonf/ aemufrS ckwfvmaom rD;&xm;onf
armfawmfum;\ tv,fA[kdodkU wnfhwnfhjzwfí ckwf0ifvmav\/
xdkcPü "mwfqDuefonf aygufuGJojzifh azG;azG;jzLjzLaom rD;awmufwdkUonf ,yfawmifBuD;ozG,f aumif;uifodkY

jzmwufvsuf&Sd&m ¤if;rD;awmuf\ tvif;a&mifjzihf tDZ&monf rD;&xm; pufacgif;ay: odkU wG,fí vdkufygNyD;
vdkufygNyD;vQif tvGefw&m ylavmifvSaom a&aEG;>yefrsm;udk ukdifwG,frdojzifh ½IHUrJhum atmf[pfNyD; aemufbD;rsm;\
tMum;odkU usoGm;&Smonfudk uRefawmfwdkU tm;vHk;onf xifvif;aocsmpGm awGUjrifvdkuf&avawmhownf;/
NyD;ygNyD/
______
5/ xl;qef;aom vlowfrIBuD;
wpfaeUoü uRefawmfonf yJcl;NrdKUodkU ta&;BuD;aom udpöwpfckESifh oGm;a&mufí oHk;&ufcefU MumaomtcgrS
nae&xm;ESifh jyefvmcJh&m armifpH&Sm;rSm tdrfü r&SdaMumif; od&mwGif tapcHudk ar;jref;ojzihf armifpH&Sm;rSm
uRefawmf r&SdonfhtcdkufwGif tdrfüaeonf r&SdbJ ntdyf½Hkavmuf omvQif tdrfodkU jyefvmaMumif;ESifh
Mum;od&av\/ npmpm;csdef wdkifaomfvnf; armifpH&Sm; rjyefvmao;ojzifh uRefawmf wpfa,mufwnf;
pm;aomuf&av&m tdyfcsdefwdkif a&mufavvQif tdyf&modkU 0ifrnfjyKaomfvnf; ta&;BuD;aom trI wpfpHkwpfck
twGufaMumifh armifpH&Sm; oGm;aeaMumif;udk od&Sdonf jzpfí rtdyfEkdifbJ ukvm;xdkifay:ü pmzwfum
apmifhqdkif;vsuf aeav\/
q,fhESpfem&D xdk;vkeD;umrS armifpH&Sm;onf um;wpfpD;ESifh jyefvmí uRefawmfhtm; jrifonfESifh wjydKifeuf
]atmifr,f tcefUoifhvdkufav udkodef;armif&,f? cifAsm;udk arQmfaewkef; a&mufvmw,fAsm} [k ajymojzifh
uRefawmfu
]cifAsm; arQmfvdrfhr,f qdkwm odavawmh uRefawmfvJ cifAsm; rjyefrcsif; apmifhaeygw,fAsm? bmtrIrsm;vJ As?
tckwavm trI BuD;BuD;us,fus,f rvdkuf&wm MumNyDAsm? vlowfrIxuf ao;&ifawm huRefawmf rvdkufcsifbl;AsdKU}
&S m;/ /]pdwfcs q&ma&U? vlowfrIudkrS wu,fh vlowfrIyJ? vdkufzdkUom jyifayawmh }
uRefawmf/ /]b,ft&yfrSmvJAs}
&S m;/ /]oefvsifbufrSm ? r,m;u vifudk owfrIwJh? usKyf pHkaxmufcJh&orQ trIawG xJrSm onftrIuav;[m
awmfawmf xl;xl;jcm;jcm; tcsufuav;awG ygw,fAs? tdyfcsifNyDvm; udkodef;armif}
uRefawmf/ /]ckeifuawmh tdyfcsifovdkvdk &Sdaewm? tckawmh trIoH Mum;&wmESifh rsufpdudk us,foGm;ygNyDAsm?
ajymprf;ygOD; Mum;yg&ap}
xdktcg armifpH&Sm;onf trItaMumif;ESifh pyfvsOf;í xdktcsdefxd ¤if;od&Sd&orQ tjzpftysuf taMumif;t&mwdkUudk
uRefawmfhtm; jyefMum;ajymqdkav&m vdk&if; tusOf;csKyfrSm atmufygtwdkif;yif jzpfavonf/
yifpiftjidrf;pm; &mZ0wf0efaxmuf OD;wifazESifh 0efaxmufuawmf a':jrESpf wdkUonf oefvsifbuf qdwfjidrfaom

&yfuGufwpfckü jidrf;csrf;pGm aexdkifvsuf &SdMuav\/ ¤if;OD;wifazonf &mZ0wfbufwGif tedrfhqHk; trIxrf;
tjzpfrS pwif xrf;&GufcJhol jzpfav&m ¤if;\ ol&owdåESifh ÓPfynm t&nftcsif; wnf;[laom
*kPfxl;wdkUaMumifh txuft&m&SdBuD; wdkUonf omrn trIxrf;yif jzpfapumrl wqifhrS wqifh BuD;jrifhaom
&mxl;wdkUjzifh csD;jr§ifh cefUxm;jcif;udk cH&onf jzpfaomaMumifh aemufqHk;ü &mZ0wf0ef &mxl;rS toufwef; aphojzifh
yifpif ,lcJh&jcif; jzpfavonf/ 0efaxmufuawmf a':jrESpf rSmvnf; ½kyf&nf ½lyum, acsmarm vSyonfh tjyif
olwpfyg;wdkUxuf xl;xl;jcm;jcm; cefUnm;rGef&nfaom tqif;t*FgESifh jynfhpHkonf jzpf&m ¤if;wdkU ESpfOD; taMumif;
qHkpnf;pOftcg OD;wifazrSm pmoif&mxl;yif &Sdao;í a':jrESpfrSmvnf; &mZ0wftkyf wpfa,muf\orD;
jzpfavonf/
¤if;wdkU orD;cifyGef;onf vufxyfonfh aeUrSpí wpfOD;ESifh wpfOD; txl;ojzifh oifhjrwfMuonf jzpfí
cdkuf&efa'go jzpfzl;Murnfudk rqdkxm;bd uawmufuq pum;rsm;zl;MuonfrQ r&Sdbl; Muonfjzpf&m wpfOD;tm;
wpfOD; cspfcif Muifem MuaMumif;ESifh ykvdyf t&m&Sd taygif;wdkU\ csD;rGrf;jcif;udk cHcJh&avonf/ ,if;uJhodkU
wpfOD;tm; wpfOD; MuifemMuonf qdk&mü OD;wifazu a':jrESpf tay:ü Muifem cspfcifjcif;onf a':jrESpfu
OD;wifaz tay:ü Muifem cspfcifjcif;xuf tqrsm;pGm ydkrdkonf[k tcsdKUaom olwdkUu ajymMuonf jzpf&m
a&TOa'gif;
OD;wifazurl tdrfrS cGmí tvkyf 0wå&m;ESifh awmoGm;&onfh tcgwdkif; rsufESm ñId;i,fpGm &Sdvsuf tdrfodkU
jyef&aom aeUrSomvQif MunfMunf&Tif&Tif jrif&ayawmhonf [k vufatmuf trIxrf;wdkU\ uJh&JU
avSmifajymifjcif;udkyif cHcJh&av\/ ,if;uJhodkU ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm aygif;oif; aexdkif cJhMuaomfvnf; om;orD;
wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ zGm;jrifzl;cJhonf r&Sday/
trIxrf;&GufpOf tcgu OD;wifazonf vufatmuf t&m&Sduav;rsm; tay:ü a'gotavsmuf
aigufief;Budrf;armif;um 0goem cyfMurf;Murf; &SdcJhaomfvnf; ¤if;\r,m; a':jrESpf\ rsufESmudk jrifonfhtcgürl
rD;awGUaom za,mif;uJhodkU aysmhaysmif;pGm &SdaMumif;ESifhvnf; vufatmuf t&m&SdwdkUu avSmifajymif
ajymqdkMuavonf/ ¤if;OD;wifazonf trIxrf;&Gufonfh tcgrS pí xdkaeUodkU wdkifatmif xl;jcm;aom
t&mwpfckrSm &,f&TifzG,f pum;wdkUudk jzpfap? pdwfESvHk; aysmfjrL;zG,f&m yHkjyif0w¬KwdkUudk jzpfap ajymqdkdvsuf &Sdojzifh
tm;&yg;& &,farmvsuf &Sdaeonfh tcdkufwGif wpfcgwpf&H wpfpHkwpfckaom taMumif;t&mudk ½kwfw&uf
owd&onfh vu©Pmjzifh &,fvsuf&Sdaom rsufESmxm;onf £ajE´BuD;aom rsufESmxm;odkU ajymif;vJNyD;vQif
pum;rajymbJ Mum&SnfpGm rdIifai; awG;awmvsuf &Sdaewwfavonf/ xdktjcif;t&mudk awGUjrif&aom oli,fcsif;
t&m&SdwdkUrSm OD;wifazü 0rf;enf;zG,f&m taMumif; wpfpHkwpf&m &Sdonf[k awG;awm xifrdMuaomfvnf;
rnfodkUaom taMumif;jzpfonfudkrl awG;vnf; rawG;Ekdif? ar;vnf; rar;0hHbJ &SdMuavonf/
¤if;wdkU ZeD;cifyGef;onf oefvsifbufü crf;em;BuD;us,fí aumif;rGefvSaom tdrfBuD;wpfaqmifudk aqmufvkyfí
tapcHESpfa,muf wdkUESifh Nidrf;csrf;pGm aexdkifvsuf &SdMu&mwGif vGefcJhonfh ESpf&uf tcgurl rdk;av0o
acgif;yg;aom &moDwGif ½kwfw&uf vQyfppfrsm; uGefUjrL;í rdk;BudK;rsm; qlnHpGm xpfcsKef;bd ouJhodkU
jidrf;csrf;wdwfqdwfpGm &Sdaom tdrfonf <uuf<uufqlaom tjzpfodkUwdkifa&mufcJhav\/
¤if;aeUnü rif;uawmf a':jrESpfonf oefvsifbuf uav;oli,frsm; u,fq,fa&; tzGJUwGif OuúXtjzpfjzifh
aqmif&Guf&ef udpö&Sdonfjzpfí npmukd cyfapmapm pm;NyD;vQif tdrfeD;csif; jzpfaom roef;&ifqdkol tysdKruav;
wpfa,mufESifh tpnf;ta0;odkU xGufoGm;av\/ tpnf;ta0;rSm &Spfem&DrS udk;em&D xd wpfem&DcefU pnf;a0;í
a':jrESpfESifh roef;&ifwdkUrSm udk;em&D 15 rdepf tcsdefwGif tpnf;ta0;rS jyefvmMuavonf/
a':jrESpfonf roef;&ifudk ¤if;\aetdrfwGif xm;cJhNyD;aemuf rdrd tdrfaemufaz;cef;odkU 0ifNyD;vQif
tapcHwpfa,muftm; vufzuf&nf wpfcGuf azsmfcJh&ef trdefYay;av\/ ¤if;aemufaz;cef;onf 0if;x&HESifh
tawmif ESpfq,fcefU a0;í 0if;x&H\ tjcm;bufüum; vltrsm; oGm;vmaom vrf;BuD; &Sdav\/ a':jrESpfonf
¤if;tcef;twGif;ü xdktcsdeftcgwGif xdkifzl;onfvnf; r&Sd? vufzuf&nfudkvnf; ntcgü aomuf&ef
tavhtxvnf; r&SdaMumif;ESifh tapcHu xGufqdkavonf/
,if;uJhodkU a':jrESpf a&mufaeaMumif;udk OD;wifaz od&Sdaom tcg tdrfa&SUcef;wGif owif;pm zwfae&mrS rdrd\
r,m;&Sd&m aemufaz;cef;odkU ul;í oGm;onfudk jrifvdkuf&aMumif;ESifh xrif;csufaomolu xGufqdkavonf/
xdktcsdefrS pí OD;wifazudk t&Sifvwfvwf jrif&aomol r&Sdawmhacs/
vufzuf&nf azsmfcJh&ef trdefYay;xm;aom tapcH rdef;ronf vufzuf&nf azsmfí NyD;ojzifh
vufzuf&nfyef;uefESifh a':jrESpf &Sd&modkU vmcJhaom tcg tcef;wHcg;onf twGif;rS ydwfí xm;onfudk
awGU&NyD;vQif rdrd\ ocifESifh ocifrwdkYonf tcef;wGif;ü &efjzpfí aeouJhodkU wpfa,mufwpfcGef;
ajymaeMuonfudk Mum;&av\/ xdktcg tapcHrdef;ronf vufzuf&nf yef;uefudk csxm;í tcef;udk acgufav&m
rnfolurQ zGifhray;onfh twGuf xrif;csufaomolxH ajy;oGm;NyD;vQif ocifESifh ocifrwdkU wHcg;ydwfí
&efjzpfaeMuaMumif;ESifh wdkifwef;av\/ ¤if;aemuftapcHwdkUonf xkdvifr,m;ESpfa,muf cdkuf&efjzpfMuonfudk
tb,ftcgrS rjrifbl;MuonfESifh tHhMopGmjzifh ajy;vmMujyefí tcef;aygufrS em;axmifMuav&m
vifr,m;ESpfa,mufwnf; pum;ajymaeoHudk Mum;Mu&í OD;wifazurl wD;wdk;rQ ajymqdkNyD;vQif a':jrESpfurl
wpfcgwpfcg cyfus,fus,f atmfí ajymonfudk Mum;&aom pum;rsm;teuf rSwfodaom pum;oHrSm
]tifrwef ,kwfrmwJh vlwpfa,mufyJ? &Sifhavmuf,kwfrmwJhol b,frSm&Sdao;ovJ? &Sif 'Dvdk BuHwm

awmfa&mvm;[if? &Sifh rsufESmudk uRefr onfuaeUu pNyD; b,fawmhrS rMunfhcsifbl;} pojzifh Mum;&av\/
xdktcg tapcHwdkUvnf; rnfodkU jyK&rnf rodbJ wHcg;teD;ü em;axmifum &SdaeMupOf OD;wifazonf xdwfvefU
wkefvIyfonfh vu©PmESifh i,foHygatmif wpfBudrfrQ atmf[pfvdkufNyD;aemuf Murf;ay: odkU wpfpHkwpfckonf
jyif;xefpGm usbdonfh tvm; 'Hk;ceJ toH Mum;vdkuf&NyD; onfESifh wjydKifeuf a':jrESpf\ toHjzifh pl;pl;&Sm;&Sm;
atmfoHudk Mum;Mu&jyefNyD;vQif 'Hk;ceJ wpfzef Mum;Mu&jyefav\/ xdktcg xrif;aom tapcH a,musfm;ESifh tapcH
rdef;rwdkUonf tcef;wGif;ü ta&;wBuD; wpfpHkwpf&m jzpfyGm;vsuf &Sdonf[k awG;xifrdMuonf jzpfí tcef;udk
wGef;Muav&m tcef;wGif;rS aomhcwfí xm;onf jzpfaomaMumifh rzGifhEkdifbJ &Sdaeav\/ xdktcg xrif;csufaom
a,musfm;u ¤if;tcef; jywif;aygufonf yGifhvsuf&SdaMumif;udk owd&onf jzpfí tdrfjyifrS vSnfhoGm;NyD;vQif
yGifhaeaom jywif;aygufrS ckefausmfí 0ifav&m tcef;wGif;ü rif;uawmf a':jrESpfonf wpfckaom cHk&Snfay:wGif
vJvsuf ? OD;wifazrSmrlum; ajcwpfzufonf ukvm;xdkifay:ü wifaeNyD;vQif OD;acgif;rSmrlum; Murf;ay:ü
aZmufxdk;usvsuf 'Pf&m tBuD;tus,fESifh aoG;rsm;,dkpD;vsuf &SdaMumif;awGYjrif&av\/ xkdtcg tapcHonf
rD;cGufudk ,lí ESpfOD;vHk;udk aocsmpGm Munfh½I&m a':jrESpfrSm touf½SL½Idufvsuf &Sdao;\/ OD;wifazrSmrl
toufvHk;vHk; r&Sdawmhonfh tjzpfudk od&Sd&av\/
xdktjcif;t&mudk awGUjrif&aomtcg tapcHonf tapcHrdef;rudk ac:&ef wHcg;udk zGifhrnfjyK&m wHcg;rSm aomhcwfí
xm;onfhjyif aomhonf wHcg;ü wef;vef;vJ r&Sd? OD;wifaz\ tdwfüvnf; r&Sd? a':jrESpf\ tdwfüvnf; rawGUbJ
&Sdaeav\/ odkUjzpfí tapcHonf jywif;aygufrS wpfcgausmfí xGufNyD;vQif ykvdyfom;wpfa,mufESifh
q&m0efwpfa,mufudk ac:cJhNyD;rS tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifí rl;arhvsuf&Sdaom a':jrESpfudk tdrfay:&Sd tdyfcef;odkU ayGUcsDí
a&TUajymif;Mu&av\/ ¤if;aemuf OD;wifaz\ tavmif;udk cHk&Snfay: odkU wifNyD;vQif q&m0efu aocsmpGm
Munfh½Ií ykvdyfom;url tcef;\ tajctaeudk Munfh½I rSwfom;Muav\/
OD;wifaz\ OD;acgif;aemufaph wnfhwnfhü ESpfvufrcefU tvsm;&Sdaom 'Pf&mwpfck awGU&Sd&av&m ¤if;rSm
toGm;r&Sdaom vufeufwpfpHkwpfckESifh jyif;xefpGm xdcdkufaMumif;ESifh q&m0efu xGufqdkavonf/ tavmif;\
teD;üvnf; Zm0DwkwfBuD;wpfacsmif; Murf;ay:wGif usvsuf&Sdonfudk awGU&Sd&onf jzpfaomaMumifh q&m0ef\
xifjrifcsufonf [kwfrSef&ef vu©Pm &Sdavonf/ OD;wifazü vrf;avQmufwkwfaygif; tacsmif; ESpfq,fcefU
&Sdonfjzpfí ¤if;wkwfonf OD;wifaz\ wkwf [kwf r[kwfudk tapcHwdkUu trSefrajymEkdifacs/ ykvdyft&m&Sdurl
OD;wifaztavmif;ü vnf;aumif;? a':jrESpf\ tusÐtdwfü vnf;aumif; wHcg;aomhudk rawGU&ojzifh xl;qef;aom
tcsufrSwpfyg; wpfpHkwpf&m xl;jcm;aom tcsufudk rawGU&acs/
armifpH&Sm;rSmrl rdwfaqGjzpfaom oefvsifbuf Xmemtkyfu aMu;eef;½dkufMum; ac:iifojzifh ykvdyft&m&Sdrsm;udk
oGm;a&mufulnDcJh&m trIudk qufvufpHkprf; ppfaq;onfh tcgwGif rlvu omrn[k xifrSwf&aom trIonf
tawmfyif qef;Mu,faom trIwpfck jzpfaMumif;udk od&Sd&av\/ armifpH&Sm; a&mufoGm;NyD;aemuf tapcHrsm;udk
ppfaq;ar;jref;ojzifh xyfrHod&Sd&onfrSm tapcH rdef;ronf a':jrESpf&Sd&m tcef;odkU a&S;OD;pGm a&mufoGm;pOf tcgu
OD;wifaz toHudk rMum;&aomfvnf; a':jrESpfu ]udkbdkifpyf} [laom trnfudk ESpfBudrfoHk;BudrfrQ a'goBuD;pGmESifh
aigufief;í ac:qdkonfudk Mum;&aMumif;ESifh ajymqdkav\/ xdktrIü txl;ojzifh xl;qef;onf[k tapcHrsm;ESifh
wuG ykvdyft&m&SdwdkUyg rSwfxifMuaom tcsufwpfckrSm OD;wifaz\ tavmif;udk rdD;a&mifwGif Munfh½Ionfhtcg
tvGeftMuL; txl;ojzifh jyif;xefpGm xdwfvefUaMumufvefUí toufukefqHk;&onfY vu©Pmjzifh ¤if;\rsufESmrSm
½Iraumif; jrifraumif;atmif ½IHUrJhapmif;&GJUum &Sdaeonfhjyif rsufvHk;wdkUrSmvnf; aygufuGJí xGufrwwf
jyL;wl;NyJwJ &Sdaeonfudk awGUjrif&jcif; jzpfavonf/ xkdtjcif;t&mudk axmufcsifh&aomf OD;wifazonf
aoumeD;qJqJü rdrdao&rnfh tjzpfudk od&dSojzifh aMumuf&GHUwkefvIyfjcif; jzpfap? odkUwnf;r[kwf wpfoufywfvHk;
rddrd rawGYvdk rjrifvdkbJ tjrJtpGJ aMumuf&GHUvsuf&Sdaom 0w¬KwpfpHkwpf&mudk ½kwfw&uf awGUjrif&ojzifh
wkefvIyfjcif;jzpfap jzpf&rnf[k armifpH&Sm;u ,lqavonf/
a&TOa'gif;
rif;uawmf a':jrESpfrSmrl trIjzpfyGm;onfh tcsdeftcgrS pí owdaumif;pGm r&bJ ua,mifuwef;ESifh xifrdxif&m

ajymqdkNyD;vQif tonf;toef zsm;aeonf jzpfaomaMumifh ¤if;tm; ppfaq;ar;jref;&ef rwwfEkdifbJ &SdaecJhav\/
ykvdyft&m&SdwdkU\ xifjrifcsufrSm OD;wifazudk a':jrESpfuyif wkwfvufeufESifh ½dkufowfonf[k oabm&&Sdí
a':jrESpf a&m*goufomonfh tcgwGif zrf;qD;&ef toifhjyifqifNyD; jzpfavonf/ xdkUjyif ykvdyft&m&Sdrsm;tm;
armifpH&Sm;u roef;&ifudk xdkn tpnf;ta0;rS jyefvmpOftcgwGif a':jrESpfü pdwfESvHk; romr,mzG,f taMumif;
wpfpHkwpf&m jzpfyGm;cJhaMumif;udk ar;jref;NyD; jzpfygoavm[k ppfaq;onfhtcg wpfpHkwpf&m jzpfyGm;jcif;r&Sd[k
roef;&ifu jyefajymygonf[k xGufqdkMuav\/
xdktjcif;t&mrsm;udk armifpH&Sm; Mum;od&onfhtcg trIESifh ywfoufí ta&;BuD;aom tcsufrsm;ESifh
ta&;rBuD;aom tcsufrsm;udk pDppfcGJjcm;í qifjcifawG;q &mwGif xdktcef;wGif;ü aomhudk rawGUjcif;wnf; [laom
tcsufonf ta&;tBuD;qHk;aom tcsufjzpfonf[k awG;q rdav\/ xdkaomhonf ¤if;tcef;wGif;ü r&SdcJhygvQif
wpfpHkwpfa,mufaom olonf ¤if;udk tcef;wGif;rS ,loGm;&acsrnf/ ,loGm;aom olonf a':jrESpfvnf;
r[kwfEdkif? OD;wifazvnf; r[kwfEdkif? wwd,vl wpfa,muf jzpf&acsrnf/ xdkolonf tcef;wGif;odkU
jywif;aygufrS ausmfí 0if&acsrnf/ xdkol\ ajc&mudk cHvdkrl tdrf0if;twGif;ü aphpyfaocsmpGm vdkufvH
&SmazGMunfh½Iygrl tpteudk awGU&acsrnf/ ,if;odkU oabm&onfhtwdkif; armifpH&Sm;onf 0if;twGif;ü
aphiSaocsmpGm &SmazGMunfh½IonfwGif vlwpfa,muf\ ajc&mudk av;ig;ae&m wdkUü awGU&Sd&av\/ xdkolonf
vrf;rBuD;rS 0if;x&Hudk ausmfí 0ifvmNyD;vQif 0if;x&H tqif;ü ajc&mwpfck? uGufvyfü ajc&moHk;ck? jywif;ayguf
teD;ü ajc&mwpfck? aygif; ajc&m ig;ckwdkUudk awGU&av\/ xkdvlonf rdrdwpfa,mufwnf; r[kwfbJ tazmfvnf;
ygao;&m ¤if;\ tazmfrSm tawmfyif awG;&cufav\/
uRefawmf/ /]bmaMumifh tawG;& cufwmvJAs}

&S m;/ /]cufyHku 'Dvdkav cifAsm; Munfhygawmhvm;} [k ajymNyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf puúLBuD;wpfcsyfudk tdwfxJrS
xkwfNyD; pm;yGJay:ü cif;í vufjzifh axmufum jyonfwGif ao;i,fvSaom ajcav;acsmif;&mwdkUudk
awGUjrif&av\/xdktcg
uRefawmf/ /][m cifAsm; Opöm acG;uav; ajc&myJ}
&S m;/ /]acG;rsm;[m uefUvefUum udk wufEdkifw,fvdkU cifAsm; Mum;zl;&JUvm;? uefUvefUum rSmvJ 'Dajc&mawG usKyf
awGUcJhw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]'gjzifh arsmuf ajc&myJAsm}
&S m;/ /]arsmufvJ r[kwfEdkifbl;As}
uRefawmf/ /]'gjzifh bmajc&mvJ As}
&S m;/ /]'DrSm Munfhprf; jywif;aygufem;rSm awGUwJh twdkif; usKyful;,lcJhwJh ajc&mAs? twdkif;txGmvJ
tm;vHk;udkufw,f? a&SUvufESifh aemufajc&m q,fhig;vufr a0;w,f? 'DtxJrSm vnfyif;ESifh OD;acgif;udk xJhvdkuf&if
ESpfayxufrenf; &Sd&r,f? 'D[m tNrD; rygao;bl;aemf? tNrD;yg xJhcJhvdkU &Sd&if 'Dhxuf &SnfOD;r,f? NyD;awmh a[m'gu
olvSrf;oGm;wJh ajc&mAs? Munfhprf; ajcwpfvSrf;ESifh wpfvSrf;[m oHk;vufravmufom &Sdw,f? 'Dawmh tNrD;vGwf
tvsm; ESpfayavmuf &SdwJh taumif ajcvSrf;u oHk;vufr&Sdw,f qdk&if taumifESifh rvdkufatmif ajcwHwdkwJh
taumif jzpf&r,f r[kwfvm;As}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfyg&JUAsm}
&S m;/ /]NyD;awmh 'Dtaumif[m uefUvefUumudkvJ avQmufNyD; wufEdkifw,f? tom;udkvJ pm;wwfw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]tom;pm;wwfwm cifAsm; b,fhES,f odEdkifovJ}

&S m;/ /]uefUvefUum txufu Muufwla&G;tdrfwpfck qGJxm;wmudk usKyfawGUcJh&w,f? 'Dtaumif[m Muufwla&G;udk
zrf;&atmifvdkU uefUvefUumudk wuf[ef vu©Pm &Sdw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]'gawmh [kwfygapawmh Asm? EdkUayrJh 'DtaumifESifh trIESifh b,fvdk oufqdkifovJ Asm}
&S m;/ /]oufqdkifyHkawmh usKyfwkdU tck trSef rajymEkdifao;bl;aygh? odkUaomf usKyfwdkU tck od&oavmuf[m bmvJ
qdkawmh vlwpfa,muf[m vrf;ay:u &yfNyD; OD;wifaz vifr,m; pum;rsm;aeMuwmudk Munfhaew,f?
MunfhaeNyD;aemuf 0if;x&Hudk ausmfNyD; 0if;xJu jzwfajy;vmw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]ajy;vmrSef; cifAsm; b,fhES,f odovJAs}
&S m;/ /]ajy;oGm;wJh vlwpfa,muf&JU ajc&mudk cifAsm; aoaocsmcsm Munfhprf;? a&SUu ajcacsmif;&m[m
ajczaemifh&mxuf ajr0ifeuf&r,f? bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh vl[m ajy;wJh tcgrSm a&SUrSm tm;BuD;aewJh twGufudk;As?
usKyfawGUwJh ajc&mrSmvJ 'Dtwdkif;yJ usKyfawGUcJh&w,f? 'gaMumifh ajy;vmaMumif;udk usKyf od&w,f}
uRefawmf/ /]qdkygOD;Asm}
&S m;/ /]0if;xJ0ifvmwJh tcgrSm olUaemufu ckeifu taumif ygvmw,f? jywif;ayguf a&mufwJhtcg ausmf0ifNyD;
OD;wifazudk wkwfESifh½dkufonf jzpfap? odkUr[kwf OD;wifazu olUudk jrifwmESifh tifrwefaMumufNyD; vJtoGm;rSm
ukvm;xdkifESifh OD;acgif;ESifh ½dkufrdonf jzpfap jzpf&r,f? aemufqHk; xl;qef;wJh tcsufwpfcku xdkol[m tcef;xJu
xGufajy;awmh aomhudk ,lNyD; jyefajy;w,fAs}
uRefawmf/ /]'DtrI[m olUtvdkvdk aewkef;u cyf&Sif;&Sif; &Sdao;w,f? tck cifAsm; &Sif;vdkufawmh rS omNyD;
½IyfoGm;ygNyD Asm? uRefawmfjzifh rawG;wwfatmifudk jzpfoGm;wmygyJ}
&S m;/ /]'gawmh rSefw,f? bmaMumifhvJ qdkawmh 'DtrI[m olwdkU awG;oavmuf rvG,fbl;As? awmfawmfuav;
eufeJ[ef &Sdw,f? 'gaMumifh usKyfu olwdkU vdkufaeMuenf;ESifh rvdkufbJ usKyfenf;ESifh usKyf vdkufprf;OD;r,f
atmufarhw,f udkodef;armif ? tdyfcsifNyD xifyg&JU? reufrS qufajymMupdkUvm;Asm}
uRefawmf/ /]r&bl; q&ma&U? wpfydkif;wpfpawmh vkyfrxm;ESifh? qHk;atmifom ajymayawmh Asm}
&S m;/ /]'gjzifh 'DvdkAs? a':jrESpf[m tpnf;ta0;udk roGm;rDtcgu OD;wifazESifh roifhrwifh rjzpfao;bl;?
NyHK;um&,fum EIwfqufoGm;wmudk tapcHrsm;uawmif jrifvdkufygao;w,fwJh? odkU&mwGif tpnf;ta0;u
jyefvmwJh tcgrSm olUa,musfm;&SdwJh tdrfa&SUcef;udk roGm;bJ tdrfaemufcef;udk 0ifoGm;w,fwJh ? NyD;awmh wpfcg
ol&Sd&mudk olUa,musfm; 0ifvmvmjcif;yJ pum;rsm;Muw,fwJh ? 'Dtcsufudk axmufcsifhjcif;tm;jzifh a':jrESpf[m
tpnf;ta0; roGm;ciftcsdefESifh tpnf;ta0;u jyefvmwJh tcsdeftwGif;rSm vifom;tay:ü pdwfqdk;p&mtaMumif;
wpfpHkwpfck awGUcJh&r,f? NyD;awmh tpnf;ta0;udk oGm;awmhvJ roef;&ifESifh twlwlyJoGm;w,f? 'Dawmh wpfckck
jzpfvmcJhvdkU &Sd&if roef;&if odoifhw,f r[kwfvm;As}
uRefawmf/ /]EdkU ykvdyfu ar;NyD;NyDqdk}
&S m;/ /]ar;ayr,fh rSefrSef rajymp&m taMumif; &Sdcsif &SdrSmayghAs? vufOD;awmh usKyf b,fvdk awG;ovJ qdkawmh
OD;wifazESifh roef;&if cspfBudKufaeMuwmudk a':jrESpfu &dyfrdvdkU pdwfqdk;NyD; vifudk Budrf;vm;armif;vm;
vkyfavovm;? 'gaMumifhyJ roef;&ifu NrHKNyD;aeavovm;vdkU awG;rdw,f? 'Dvdk awG;jyefawmhvJ ]udkbdkifpyf}vdkU
ac:vdkufwJh pum;u wpfcsuf? OD;wifazuvJ olUr,m;udk &yfod&Gmod xl;xl;vGefvGef cspfcifjrwfEdk;wmu wpfcsuf?
'DESpfcsufaMumifh usKyf awG;awmwmuvJ rudkufjyefawmhbl;As? NyD;awmhumvJ vrf;u 0ifvmwJh vlu
&Sdaeao;w,f? onfawmhum OD;wifazESifh roef;&if[m cspfBudKufMuwmawmhjzifh r[kwfbl;? odkUaomf a':jrESpf
pdwfqdk;NyD; jyefvmwJh taMumif;udkawmhjzifh roef;&if odwefavmufuJhvdkU atmufarhwJh twdkif; roef;&ifudk usKyf
a&TOa'gif;
oGm;NyD; awGUwmudk;As? awGUwJhtcgrSm usKyfu b,fhES,f ajymovJqdkawmh roef;&ifESifh a':jrESpf[m cspfcifMuwJh

rdwfaqGcsif; jzpfonfhtwdkif; a':jrESpfrSm vifudk owfrIESifh ykvdyfrsm;u zrf;qD;r,fhqJqJrSm roef;&ifu
[kwfwdkif;rSef&m xkwfazmfNyD; rajymcJhvdkU &Sd&if rdef;rBuD;rSm 'ku©a&muf&Smawmh rSmyJvdkU ajymwmudk;As?
onfvdkajymawmh roef;&ifu awmfawmfyJ pOf;pm;aew,f? aemufqHk;usawmhrS ½kwfw&uf pdwfudk qHk;jzwfvdkufwJh
vu©PmESifh usKyfbufudk vSnfhNyD; 'Dtjzpftysufudk b,folUrS rajymygbl;vdkU a':jrESpfqDrSm y#dnmOf ay;NyD;
jzpfygw,fwJh? odkUaomf rdwfaqG wpfa,mufrSm ,ckvdk tMuyftwnf;ESifh awGUBuHKaew,f qdkjyefawmh uRefr
od&SdorQ ajymygawmhr,fwJh qdkNyD; [kdaeUu tjzpftysufudk jyefajymwmudk;As? onfvdkwJh As? [kdaeUnu olESifh
a':jrESpfESifh tpnf;ta0;u jyefvmMuawmh vrf;c&D; vljywfwJhae&m rD;wdkifwpfckatmufrSm cg;ukef;ukef;ESifh
txkyfBuD;udk ydk;vmwJh vlBuD;wpfa,mufESifh awGYowJh ? 'Dvlu tpawmh olwdkUudk rjrifbl;wJhAs? rD;wdkifatmufusrS
½kwfw&uf olwdkUudk jrifavawmh jrifjrifcsif;yJ [kdvlBuD;u tHhtm;oifhNyD; txkyfBuD;rsm;udk vTwfcsvdkU ]tvdk
rjrESpfygwum;} vdkU ajymvdkufowJh As? onfawmhrS a':jrESpfu vSnfYMunfhNyD; [dkvlBuD;udk jrifjrifcsif; rsufESmrsm;
ysufNyD; Munfhuvd aMumifuavmif jzpfaew,fwJhAs? onftcgrSm roef;&ifu ykvdyfac:&rvdkvdk? bmvdkvdk
jzpfaewkef; a':jrESpfu toHwkefwkef&D&DESifh ]udkcspfarmifudk rjrifwm tESpfESpfq,fawmif MumvdkU uRefrrSm
ao&SmNyDvdkUawmif rSwfrdayw,f}vdkU ajymowJhAs? onfawmh [kdvlBuD;u ]aow,fvdkU rSwfcsif&ifvJ
rSwfMuayr,fayghav} vdkU cyfaxhaxh ajymvdkufowJhAs? onfawmhrS a':jrESpfu roef;&ifudk cPuav;
a&SUem;oGm;ESifhNyD; apmifhaeygvdkU ajymavawmh roef;&ifu cyfvSrf;vSrf;u apmifhNyD;aeowJh As? onfawmh
a':jrESpfESifh [kdvlBuD;[m rD;wdkifatmufrSm ig;rdepfavmufMumatmif &yfNyD; pum;ajym ae&pfMuw,fwJhAs?
pum;ajymNyD;vdkU a':jrESpf xGufvmcJhawmh [kdvlBuD;u vufoD;vuf½Hk;rsm; wef;NyD; ae&pfowJhAs?
a':jrESpfuawmhjzifh tifrwef wkefvIyfvmwJh vu©PmESifh toHrsm;awmif wkefNyD; aea&mwJhAs? onfawmh
roef;&ifu b,folvJvdkU ar;vdkufawmh a':jrESpfu oda[mif;uRrf;a[mif; wpfa,mufyg? tckawmh qif;&JNyD;
ae&Smw,fvdkU ajymowJhAs? ajymNyD;wJh aemuf onftaMumif;udk b,folUrS rajymygESifhvdkU a':jrESpfu roef;&ifudk
uwdxm;cdkif; owJhAs? onfawmh roef;&ifu uwdxm;vdkuf& owJh? 'gygyJwJh Asm? onfhaemufudk olwdkU
ESpfa,mufvJ cGJcJhMuyga&mwJh}
uRefawmf/ /]EdkU OD;cspfarmifaumAsm}
&S m;/ /]aeOD; 'DtrIrSm OD;cspfarmif[m ta&;BuD;aMumif; usKyf &dyfrdavawmh olUudk awGUatmif usKyfvdkufNyD;
&Sm&jyefwmudk;As? roef;&if ajymwJhtwdkif; cg;ukef;ukef; ? acgif;wHk;ESifh qHyifjzLjzL qdkawmh oefvsifNrdKUuav;
twGif;rSm &Sd½dk;rSefvQif rcufvSbl;ayghAsm? rcufwJh twdkif; awGUvJ awGUwmyJAsKdU? vufpoyfawmh 'DvlBuD;u
rsufvSnfhq&mBuD;udkAs? a>rtvr®m,fvJ [kwfw,f? olUrSm a>ra[mufBuD; wpfaumif ? ief;apmif;BuD; wpfaumifvJ
ygw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]cifAsm;ESifh olESifh awGUcJhNyDvm;}
&S m;/ /]pum;awmh rajym&ao;bl;? jrifawmh jrifcJh&NyD? olaewJh tdrfudkvJ odcJh&NyD? odkYaomf olESifh
pum;ajymwJhtcgrSm oufaowpfa,muf &Sdapcsifw,fAs? 'gaMumifh cifAsm;udk usKyf vmNyD;ac:w,f}
uRefawmf/ /]vdkufwmayghAsm}
&S m;/ /]udkif; 'gjzifh reufusawmh oGm;&r,f? nOfUvJ eufvSNyDAsm? tdyfMuOD;pdkU}
aemufwpfaeU 11 em&D tcsdefcefUwGif uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdUonf oefvsifNrdKUodkU qdkufa&mufMuav&m

armifpH&Sm;onf NrdKU\ tpGeftzsm;ü &Sdí tvGefw&m ao;i,fEkwfpkwfvSaom wJuav;wpfckodkU
uRefawmfhtm;ac:í oGm;av\/ uRefawmfwdkUonf wJwGif;odkU 0ifoGm;Muaomtcg touf 50 t&G,fcefU &Sdí
cg;tvGefukef;vSaom vlwpfa,mufonf ckwifwpfckay:wGif xdkifvsuf&Sd&m qGwfqGwfjzLaom qHyifwdkUaMumifh

¤if;\rsufESmrSm tdkonfxuf tdkrif;[ef&Sdaomfvnf; ESmwH\ ay:vGifjcif;? rsufvHk;\ rJeufjcif;? rsufawmif\
aumhpif;jcif;? ezl;\ us,f0ef;jcif; wnf;[laom tjcif;t&mwdkUudk axmufqonf&Sdaomf xdkolonf i,f&G,fpOf
tcgurl vlacsm vlvS wpfa,mufyif jzpfacsrnfh taMumif;udk od&SdEkdifay\/ xdkolonf uRefawmfwdkU
0ifvmonfudk jrifojzifh ouFmruif; &Sdaom rsufESmxm;ESifh MunfhaeNyD;vQif udpöudk ar;jref;&m
&S m;/ /]OD;cspfarmif qdkwm rSwfw,f? vmcJhwJh udpöuawmh OD;wifaz aoqHk;wJh udpöESifh vmcJh&wmygyJAsm}
armif / /]olaowmESifh usKyfESifh bmqdkifvdkUvJ}
&S m;/ /]qdkifw,f rqdkifbl;qdkwm taotcsm od&atmifvdkU uRefawmfwdkU vmcJhjcif;aygh? 'DudpörSm cifAsm; &Sif;&if
&Sif;rS? EdkUrdkU&if 'Du trI[m a':jrESpf tay:rSm ywfaevdrfhr,f}
armif / /]cifAsm; b,folvJ? usKyfwdkU taMumif;udk cifAsm; b,fhES,f odovJ? cifAsm; ckajymwm trSefyJvm;}
&S m;/ /]trSefygAsm? a':jrESpfudkawmh owd&&vmjcif; ykvdyfu zrf;zdkU jyifaeMuwmaygh}
armif / /]cifAsm;vJ ykvdyf r[kwfvm;}
&S m;/ /]r[kwfygbl; cifAsm}
armif / /]'gjzifh cifAsm;ESifh bmqdkifovJ}
&S m;/ /]rw&m;jyKusifhwJh vl[m xdkufwefwJh tjypfudk &zdkU[m vlwdkif;&JU wm0efayghAs}
armif / /]rjrESpf rowfwm trSefygAsm}
&S m;/ /]'gjzifh cifAsm; owfwmaygh}
armif / /]usKyfvJ owfwm r[kwfygAsm}
&S m;/ /]'gjzifh b,fol owfovJAsm}
armif / /]olU 0wå&m;ESifh ol ao&wmygAs? odkUaomfvnf; trSefudk zGifhajym&rSmjzifh uRefawmfu tu,fí uRefawmf
BuH&G,f&if; twdkif; onfvludk owfcJhapumrl owfxdkufwJh taMumif;vJ &Sdw,fAs? odkUaomfvnf; uRefawmfhrSm
ygPmwdygwuH rajrmufapjcif;iSm olUbmomol uRefawmfhudk jrifwmESifh vefUNyD; aoygw,fAsm? vJoGm;awmhudk
touf&Sdw,fvdkU rxifygbl;? jrifjrifcsif; rsufvHk;jyL;NyD; wpfcgwnf;aowmESifh wlygw,f}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm;wdkU tw¬Kywdåudk Mum;yg&apvm;Asm}
armif / /]Mum;csif&ifvJ ajymyghr,fAsm? xdef0Sufp&mvJ taMumif;r&Sdygbl;? 'DvdkAs? aooGm;wJh udkwifaz&,f
uRefawmf&,f &mZ0wfbufrSm ykvdyfom;tjzpfu pNyD; twlwl trIxrf;cJhMuw,f? vGefcJhwJh
tESpfESpfq,fausmfavmufu jrpfBuD;em;e,fpyfrSm wpf*gwfwnf; twl&SdpOfu olu pmoifAs? usKyfuawmh
ykvdyfom;uav;yJ &Sdao;w,f? onftcgrSm pmoifwpfa,muf&JU orD; jrESpfqdkwmu tifrwefrS
½kyf&nfacsmarmavawmh &mZ0wfbufom;awGrQru e,fbufut&m&SdawGyg tukef0dkif;NyD; aemufydk;aeMuwm
ayghAsm? cifAsm;wdkUu usKyfvlyHkudk tckjrif&awmh ,Hkaumif;rS ,Hkr,f? [dkwkef;uawmh awmfawmfyJ acsmw,fvdkU
vlwdkif;u csD;rGrf;jcif; cHcJh&ygw,f? ½kyf&nfacsmwJh twdkif;yJ rjrESpfu onfhjyifu &mZ0wftkyf? pmoif?
NrdKUtkyfrsm;udk rpHkruf? usKyfESifh cspfcifpHkruf Muwmudk;As? zcifvkyfwJh oluawmh usKyfudk oabmrwlbl;ayghav?
EdkUayrJh rjrESpfuawmh usKyfuvGJNyD; b,folUudkrS r,lbl;&,fvdkU opömqdkNyD;jzpfvdkUrdkU usKyfuawmh
cyfat;at;yJavAsm? 'DtawmtwGif; wpfaeUoüawmh e,fu vlqdk;awG x<uyga&mAs? onftcgrSm ppfom;rsm;
ra&mufao;rD usKyfwdkU Xme t&m&Sda&m ykvdyfom;a&m csufcsif;oGm;NyD; ESdrfeif;zdkU ta&;rSm ulnD&wmudk;As? usKyfwdkU
a&TOa'gif;
vlpkudkawmh udkwifazu acgif;olBuD; tjzpfESihf pDrHcefUcGJjcif; jyKw,f? wpfnoüawmh udkwifazu uRefawmfhudk

ac:NyD; jrpfBuD;em;NrdKUodkU acsmpmydkU&ef udpöwpfck ta&;BuD;aew,fwJh? awmfawmhvludkvJ ol pdwfrcsEkdifbl;wJh?
onfawmh usKyfoGm;NyD; ydkYr,fqdk&ifjzifh &mxl;rsm;vJ wdk;wufzdkU&Sdygw,fwJh ajymaomtcgrSm uRefawmfu
&mxl;wdk;wm rwdk;wm tyxm;? jrpfBuD;em;a&muf&if rjrESpfESifh awGU&awmhr,fqdkwm arQmfvifhwmESifh
oGm;ygr,fvdkU 0efcHrdwmudkAs? 0efcHwJhtwdkif; n 12 em&DavmufrSm wpfa,mufxJ ppfpcef;u xGufvmcJhyga&mAs? }
]xGufvmvdkU wpfrdkifavmufrS ra&mufao;bl;? vlav;a,mufu tqifoifh apmifhaewmESifh yufyif;yg awGUvdkUrdkU
vufjyefBudK;ESifh csnfNyD; zrf;oGm;yga&mAs? ,ckvdk vrf;u apmifhaejcif;[mvJ bmaMumifhvJ qdkawmh udkwifazu
wdwfwqdwf vlqdk;rsm;qDudk pma&;NyD; uRefawmfhudk zrf;zdkU twGuf pDrHNyD;jzpfw,fvdkU aemifawmhrS vlqdk;rsm;ajymvdkU
od&wmudk;As? 'gESifh vlqdk;rsm;vuf a&mufNyD;wJhaemuf wpfawmifausmf wpfawmifqif; tifrwefa0;wJh t&yfudk
uRefawmfhydkUxm;NyD; uReftjzpfESifh toHk;jyKaeMuwmudk; cifAs? ñSif;yef;ESdyfpufvdkufwm cifAsm; bmajymp&m&SdrvJ?
ao&wmu jrwfao;&JUvdkUawmif atmufarhrdygw,f? 'DtxJrSm rjrESpfudk vGrf;wmu wpfrsdK;? txkt½dkuf
tueftaMumuf cH&wmu wpfrsdK;? udk,fhe,fudk,f jyefa&mufcsifwJh pdwfu wpfrsdK;? pdwfcsHK;NyD; vlvJyJ
usef;rmw,fvdkU r&Sdbl; cifAs? xGufajy;zdkUvJ 3-4-5 cg BuHpnfyg&JU? BuHpnfaomfvJ txrajrmufcJhbl; cifAs?
ta&;NyD;vdkU tpdk;&rSmom udpöNyD;w,f? uRefawmfwpfa,muf aysmufoGm;wJh taMumif;udk b,folurS owd&Mu[ef
r&Sdbl; cifAs? wu,fvdkU owd&apumrl udkwifazu aoygNyDqdkwm ,HkMunfavmufatmif ajymrSmaygh cifAsm?
'DvdkyJ ajymw,fvdkUvJ vGwfvmwJh tcgusawmh owif;Mum;rdyg&JU? 'gESifh vlqdk;rsm; vufxJrS uReftjzpfESifh 15
ESpfavmuf ae&NyD; wpfaeUawmh uHaumif;axmufrvdkU vGwfajy;vmwJh tcgrSm jrpfBuD;em; jyefa&mufawmh ykvdyfvJ
xyfNyD; rvkyfcsif? onfhjyifvJ ynmu rwwfavawmh rsufvSnfhq&mBuD; wpfa,mufxH wynfhcHNyD;
vdkufaecJhwmudk; cifAs? uRefawmfuvJ e,frSmwkef;u a>rtvr®m,ftwwf enf;enf;yg;yg; wwfcJhw,f? 'gESifh
rsufvSnfh ud&d,mav;rsm; &Sm? a>ra[mufESpfaumifavmuf zrf;NyD; tNrdKUNrdKU t&Gm&Gm vSnfhcJhwmudk; cifAs? uRefawmfh
&nf&G,fcsufuawmh 0rf;pmtwGuf 'Davmuf ta&;BuD;vdkU r[kwfbl;? rjrESpfwdkU vifr,m; b,frSm aeMuovJvdkU
odcsifwmESifh vdkufNyD; &SmwmyJ cifAs}
uRefawmf/ /]OD;wifazESifh a':jrESpf taMumif;ygaMumif; cifAsm; Mum;&oaygh}

armif / /]e,frSmwkef;uawmh rMum;&bl;? jrpfBuD;em; a&mufrSyJ Mum;&w,f? 'gESifh tNrdKUNrdKU t&Gm&Gm vnfNyD;
&Smvdkufwm &efukef a&mufawmhrSyJ oefvsifbufrSm &SdMuaMumif; owif;&wmudk; cifAs? owif;&vdkU
rsufvSnfhq&m tjzpfESifh 0rf;pm&Sm&if; 'DrSm ukwfaeawmh wpfaeUnu ....}
&S m;/ /]a':jrESpfESifh cifAsm; awGUa&m? awGUawmh tusdK;taMumif;udk &Sif;vif;NyD; ajymMua&m ? ajymwJhtcgrSm
a':jrESpfu OD;wifaz\ ,kwfrmaom oabmudk odwJhtwGuf tdrfjyefa&mufwJh tcgrSm tjzpftysufawG
ZmwfvSefMua&m? 'DtawmtwGif; cifAsm;u vrf;ay:u &yfMunfhaevdkU jrifavawmh tdrfxJ0ifvma&m 'Dvdk
r[kwfvm;As}
armif / /]rSefygw,f usKyfu jywif;ayguf ausmf0ifNyD; olUrsufESmudk aphaphMunfhvdkuf&ifyJ wpfcgwnf;
aMumifawmifBuD; ai;NyD; rsufvHk;jyL;jyL; rsufqHjyL;jyL;ESifh atmfawmhrvdk [pfawmhrvdk? atmfvJ ratmfEkdifbJ
rwfwwfuvJNyD; oGm;wmudk;As? olvJvJa&m rjrESpfuvJ cHk&Snfay: vJjyefyga&mAsm? onfawmh uRefawmfu
tapcHawGudk ac:r,fvdkU wHcg;aomhudk zGifhr,fvkyfwkef;? wu,fvdkU udkwifazudk ig owfw,fvdkUrsm; pGyfpGJ&if
cufacs&JU vdkU atmufarhNyD; aomhudk vufu rcscJhrdbJ? ykuGudk ac:NyD; xGufajy;cJhwmudk; As}
&S m;/ /]ykuG qdkwmu bmvJAsm}
armif / /]ykuG qdkwm e,fu zrf;vmcJhwJh a>ryguav;ygAsm? olESifhyJ usKyfrSm xrif;pm;ae&ygw,f?

onfhjyifaumAsm bmrsm; odcsifao;ovJ}
&S m;/ /]ckjzifh odcsifwm r&Sdao;bl;Asm/ odkUaomf ykvdyfu a':jrESpfudk zrf;qD;r,fvdkUqdk&if a':jrESpf
tjypfr&SdaMumif; cifAsm;udk oufao jy&vdrfhr,f}
armif / /]pdwfcsygAsm/ uRefawmf oufaovdkufzdkU b,ftcgrqdk tqifoifh &Sdygw,f}
odkU&mwGif trIü oufao wifoGif;&ef rvdkawmhacs/ taMumif;udk qdkaomf OD;wifaz\ tavmif;udk q&m0efu
&ifudk cGJí Munfhonfhtcg ¤if;onf OD;acgif;rS &&Sdonfh 'Pf&maMumifh aoqHk;jcif; r[kwf? ESvHk;onf tjyif;txef
xdwfvefU wkefvIyfjcif;aMumifh rvIyf&Sm;bJ wpfcgwnf; &yfoGm;onfh twGuf aoqHk;jcif;jzpfaMumif;ESifh
oufaoxGufqdkonf jzpfaomaMumifh a':jrESpftm;vJ zrf;qD;jcif; rjyKbJ bmomtavsmuf aoaomtrI [lí
w&m;½Hk;BuD;u pD&ifcsuf csrSwfvdkufaomaMumifh jzpfay\/
xdktrIESifh ywfoufí uRefawmf pdwfrauseyfaom tcsufwpfck &Sdojzifh armifpH&Sm;tm; ar;jref;&m

uRefawmf/ /]aeygOD;Asm? a':jrESpfu atmfawmh udkbdkifpyfvdkU atmfw,f? tcef;xJrSm udkbdkifpyf u,fvdkUvJ r&Sd?
OD;wifazESifh OD;cspfarmif ESpfa,mufxJom &SdygaumAs}
&S m;/ /]udkbdkifpyfqdkwm jrefrmrif; vufxufu tifrwef qdk;oGrf;½kefUMurf;w,fvdkU &mZ0ifwifavmufatmif
&SdwJhtwGuf olUvifudkvJ xdkolESifh EIdif;pmNyD; emMunf;avmufatmif ac:vdkufwJh tvHk;ayghAs? onfhjyifaum }
uRefawmf/ /]onfhjyifuawmh &Sif;ygNyDAsm}
NyD;ygNyD/
______
a&TOa'gif;
6/ olaX;uawmfwpfOD;trI
tcgwpfyg;ü uRefawmf\rdwfaqG pHkaxmufOD;pH&Sm;onf ¤if;\ 0goemtwdkif; trItcif; enf;yg;ojzihf
ysif;&dxkdif;rdIif;aom trlt&m &Sdaeonfjzpf&m wpfaeUoü rlum; uRefawmfonf tdyf&mrS xvmí tdrfa&SUcef;ü
&Tifysaom rsufESmxm;ESifh xdkifaeaom OD;pH&Sm;udk awGUjrifav\/
uRefawmf/ /]b,fhES,fvJ q&mBuD;? trIwpfckvufcHxm;NyD rSwfw,f}

&S m;/ /]udkodef;armifvJ usKyfESifh aygif;vdkU tyHkBuD; wdk;aeNyD? rSefw,f? trIwpfck vufcHxm;w,f? trIr&SdvdkU
wpfveD;yg; ysif;aecJhwm wpfcgjzifh trI &jyefNyDAsdKU}
uRefawmf/ /]qdkprf;ygtHk;Asm}
&S m;/ /]'DvdkAs? yJcl;blwmu vrf;cGJoGm;wJh rD;&xm;vrf;rSm &pfuefqdkwJh blwm&Sdw,f? tJ'D &pfuefrSmaewJh
ajrydkif&Sif olaX;BuD; OD;rif;ausmf qdkwm &Sdw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]aMomf Mum;zl;w,fAsdKU? [kde,frSm v,fajr taygqHk; qdkygvm;}
&S m;/ /]aygqdk bmajymp&m&SdovJ? v,fajr{uaygif; oHk;aomif;ausmf &Sdavawmh [kde,fwGifru jrefrmjynf
wpfjynfvHk;rSm olUavmuf v,fajraygwJhvl &Sdw,f rxifaygifAsm? olUrdef;r ajrydkifolaX;uawmf a':ESif;jr
taMumif;udk cifAsm; Mum;NyD;yvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]aoewf'Pf&mESifh ao&Smw,f qdkwJh taMumif; owif;pmrSmawmh zwfrdyg&JU? odkUaomf
trItaMumif;udk aumif;aumif;rrSwfrdygbl; Asm}
&S m;/ /]usKyfvJyJ 'DtrI[m usKyfqD a&mufvdrfhr,f rxifwmESifh aumif;aumif;BuD; *½krpdkufrdbl;? rxifqdk 'DvdkAs?
aoaomrdef;ronf olaX;uawmf wpfa,mufjzpfonfh twGuf xdktrI taMumif;udk vlajymrsm;aomfvnf; trI
toGm;tvmu ½Iyf½IyfaxG;axG; r&Sd ? tifrwef &Sif;vif;[ef&Sdavawmh usKyfwdkUvdk vlrsdK; pHkaxmufzdkU rvdkaybl;vdkU
xifrdayw,f? trIu onfavmuf xif&Sm;avawmh wpfpHkwpf&m xl;xl;jcm;jcm; aemufxyfNyD; ray:aygufcJhvdkU
&SdvQif usKyf trIonf twGuf usKyf bmrS wwfEdkifr,f rxifbl;}
uRefawmf/ /]cifAsm;udk b,folu iSm;vdkUvJ }
&S m;/ /]aMomf [kwfayom;? cifAsm;udk rajym&ao;yguvm;? a&mh a[monfpm zwfMunfhOD;} [k ajymí OD;pH&Sm;onf
uRefawmftm; pmwpfapmifudk vSrf;ay;av&m atmufygtwdkif; zwf½I &av\/
&pfu ef
awmfovif; vqef; 13 &uf/
pma&; tpD &ifcHygonf OD; pH&Sm;cifAsm;? uRefawmf awGUzl;orQaom rd ef;rtaygif; wdkUwGif jzLpif qHk;aom
pdwfESvHk; &Sdonfh rd ef;rwpfa,mufonf r[kwfrrSefbJESifh &mZ0wfjypf'Pf cH&rnfud k Munfhí raeEkdifojzihf
aqGrsdK; r[kwfaomfvnf; 0ifa&mufu,fq,fvdkjcif; jzpfygonf/ uRefawmf\ rdef;rudk owfrIESif
hzrf;xm;aom q&mr rBuD;a&Tonf rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQ uRef awmf\ rd ef;r rESif;jrudk owfjzwfonf
r[kwf Edkifyg/ q&mr rBuD;a&T onf vl\ toufudk rqdkxm;bd? oef;?Murf;ydk;rsm;udkyif
rowf&ufavmufatmifodrfarGUaom pdwf ESvHk;&SdaMumif;udk uRefawmfudk,fwdkif cifAsm;xHvmí tjzpftysuf
udk pHkvif pGm ajymjyygrnf/ OD;pH&Sm;onf ½IyfaxG;aomtrIrsm;ü &S if;vif; Ekdifaom tpGrf; &Sdonf[k uRefawmf
Mum;zl;onfh twdkif;rSefygvQif xdktpG rf;udk 'D trI ü toHk;jyKapvdk ygonf/ aMu;aiGrnf rQyif ukefMu&ef
&Sdonfjzpfap ta&;rBuD;yg/ uRefawmf\ wm0ef &Sdygap/
xdkpmudk zwf&NyD;aemuf OD;pH&Sm;u

&S m;/ /]udkif; OD;rif;ausmf rvmcif 'DtrI taMumif;udk tusOf;csKyfuav; usKyfajymjyr,f em;axmif? OD;rif;ausmf[m
usKyf ckwifu ajymwJhtwdkif; tvGefw&m v,faygrsm;wJh olaX;BuD;wpfOD; jzpfw,f? olUrdef;r a':ESif;jrqdkwmu
i,f&G,fpOfu ½kyfqif;oP²mefESifh jynfhpHkwJh rdef;rwpfa,muf jzpfaomvJ OD;rif;ausmfxuf av;ig;&SpfESpfavmuf
BuD;owJhAs? OD;rif;ausmfrSm om;wpfa,muf orD;wpfa,muf &Sdw,f? onfuav;rsm;udk ausmif;odkU rydkUbJ rBuD;a&T
qdkwJh q&mrwpfa,mufudkiSm;í tdrfrSm ynmoifay;apowJh? rBuD;a&TqdkwJh q&mru tifrwefvJ vSowJh? olwdkU
tdrfrSm twlaevJ jzpfowJh? wpfnoüawmh 9 em&D tcsdefavmufrSm olwdkUtdrfESifh wpfrdkifavmufa0;wJh
wHwm;wpfckrSm olaX;uawmf a':ESif;jr&JU tavmif;udk awGU&owJh? ezl;rSmvJ ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewfu
'Pf&mwpfckudk awGU&owJh? tavmif;teD;tyg;rSmvJ aoewfrawGU&bl;wJh tavmif;udk v,form;
wpfa,mufawGUavawmh OD;rif;ausmfxH ajy;NyD; taMumif;Mum;owJh? b,fhES,fvJ &Sif;&JUvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]&Sif;yg&JUAsm? odkUaomf b,fhES,faMumifh q&mrudk zrf;owJhvJ}
&S m;/ /]zrf;qdk 'DvdkAs? q&mr\ AD½dkxJrSm usnfqHwpfcsuf ypfNyD;om; ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewf wpfvuf awGUowJh?
xdkajcmufvHk;jyL;rS usnfqH[mvJ tavmif;\ ezl;rSm&Sdaom 'Pf&mESifh udkufaeowJh? b,fhES,fvJ xif&Sm;w,f
r[kwfvm;Asm? xdkUjyif wpfcsufuvJ aovGefol a':ESif;jr\ vufxJrSm q&mr rBuD;a&Tu xdktcsdefrSm xdkae&mü
awGUzdkU csdef;vdkufwJh pmwpfapmifudk awGUowJh? 'D[maum cifAsm; b,fhES,f xifovJ? aemufqHk;tcsufBuD; wpfck
&Sdao;w,f? OD;rif;ausmfqdkol[m ydkufqHvJayg vluvJ awmfawmf acsmowJhAs? 'Dawmhum q&mracsmacsmESifh
r,m;tdktdk &SdwJholaX;acsmwdkU awGUwJhtcgrSm xkdq&mracsmacsmonf olaX;uawmf jzpfvdkaompdwf
rjzpfwwfaybl;vm;Asm? 'Dawmhum bdkqefqef q&mrqdkvQif OD;rif;ausmf aoewfudk wdwfwdwf,lNyD;
olaX;uawmfa[mif;udk jzKwfzdkU rBuHpnfwwfavbl;vm; Asm}
uRefawmf/ /]rSefw,f? BuHr,fqdk BuHavmufygayw,f}
&S m;/ /]xdkUjyifvJ rBuD;a&Tonf xkdn xdktcsdefavmufu xdkwHwm;odkU a&mufaMumif; oludk,fwdkif 0efcHw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]'gjzifh udpöwHk;aewmayghAsm}
&S m;/ /][kwfuJh wHk;oavmuf ygayyJ? odkUaomf avSum;u wufvmwm OD;rif;ausmf ajcoHESifh wl&JU? cyfapmapm
BudKwifNyD; vm[efwlw,f}
uRefawmfonf xkdif&mrSxí wHcg;udkzGifhay;aom tcg ydefydef&Snf&SnfESifh uysmuoD trlt&m&Sdaom
vlwpfa,mufonf tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifvm&m xkdolonf tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifNyD;onfhaemufüyif vlrdaomusD;uJhodkU
usduvd ausmifuavmif &Sdaeav\/
&S m;/ /]xdkifygAsm? bmudpövJ? ysm,dysm,m &SdvSacsuvm;}
xkdvl/ /]uRefawmfu ajrydkifolaX; OD;rif;ausmf udk,fpm;vS,f armifñGefUvlygwJh cifAsm;? OD;rif;ausmfvJ
tcka&mufygvdrfhr,f? ajymcsifwmav;&SdvdkU olra&mufcif OD;atmifajy;vmcJhygw,f cifAsm;}
&S m;/ /]bmrsm; ajymcsifvdkUvJ}
vl/ /]uRefawmfwdkU q&m ajrydkifolaX; OD;rif;ausmf[m tifrwef qdk;oGrf;,kwfrmwJh olwpfa,muf jzpfygw,f
cifAsm;}
a&TOa'gif;
&S m;/ /]jyif;xefvSacsvm; q&m&,f}

vl/ /]Mum&Snf ajymzdkU tcsdefr&Sdavawmh jyif;jyif;xefxefyJ ajym&ygw,f cifAsm;? OD;pH&Sm;xH olvmr,fh taMumif;
odavawmh olUt&if OD;atmif uRefawmfu ajy;vmNyD; olUtaMumif;udk ajymESifh&ygw,f cifAsm;}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm;u OD;rif;ausmf udk,fpm;vS,f qdk}
vl/ /]rSefygw,f odkUaomf xGufpmwifNyD;ygNyD? aemuf 15 &ufqdkvQif uRefwGif;u vGwf&ygawmhr,f? tifrwef
cufxefarmufrmwJh vlwpfa,mufyg cifAsm? uRefawmfjzifh 'DvdkvlvJ rawGUzl;bl;? Mum;vJ rMum;zl;bl;? aemifudkvJ
rawGUcsifygbl; cifAsm? vSLwJhwef;wJh ae&mrSmawmh &ufa&mygav&JU? olwnfwJh bk&m;aygif;? olaqmufwJh
ausmif;aygif;? oljyKwJh &Sifaygif;? olcHwJh &[ef;aygif;? ra&rwGufEkdifatmifbJ rsm;ygay&JU? EkdUayr,fh olESifh
qufqHwJh vlrsm;tay:rSmawmh tvGefw&m rñSmrwm u½kPmenf;wJh vlwpfa,mufygyJ cifAsm? olU'Pfudk
trsm;qHk; cH&oluawmh olUr,m;a':ESif;jrayyJ? a':ESif;jr[m b,folUvufcsufESifh ao&&Smw,fawmh uRefawmf
trSefrajymwwfaybl;? raorD twGif;rSm OD;rif;ausmfu ausmfraumif; Mum;raumif;atmif ESdyfpufcJhwmawmh
trSefyJ cifAsm? vla&SUra&Smif? ola&SUra&Smif? rmefvm;rJvm;? aigufvm;ief;vm;? Budrf;vm;armif;vm; vkyfavh&Sdwm
uRefawmfwdkUwawGuawmif 'Dvdk olaX;uawmf jzpf&vdkUjzifh bmta&;vJvdkU tcsif;csif; ajymrdMuygao;w,f}
&S m;/ /]qdkygOD;Asm}
vl/ /]'Dawmhum uRefawmfESifhwuG tapcHrsm;tm;vHk;u a':ESif;jrudk oem;NyD; olUtay:rSm u½kPmjzpfavav
OD;rif;ausmfudk rkef;avav jzpfaeMuygw,f? uRefawmfwdkUq&m OD;rif;ausmf[m armufrmcufxefonfhtjyif
vlyg;vleyfwpfa,mufvJ jzpfygw,f? 'Dawmh olajymwdkif; r,HkbJ csifhcsdefNyD;rS ,HkzdkUtaMumif; uRefawmf
owday;csifvdkU vmcJhygw,f cifAsm? udkif; jyefygOD;awmhr,f cifAsm? rawmfvdkUrsm; rdae&if 'ku©yJ} [k
ajymajymqdkqdkESifh xkdolonf wdkufay:rS qif;ajy;av\/
OD;pH&Sm;onf twefi,f pOf;pm;pdwful;aeNyD;aemuf
&S m;/ /]OD;rif;ausmf tdrfom;wpfpkujzifh OD;rif;ausmf tay:rSm w,fNyD;auseyfMu[ef r&Sdbl;? ,ckvdk BudKwifNyD;
owday;ESifhwmvJ aumif;yg&JU? odkYaomf ola&mufvmawmhrS usKyfwdkU udk,fwdkif tuJcyf&OD;rSmyJ}
q,fhwpfem&Dxdk;onfESifh wNydKifeuf ajrydkif&SifolaX; OD;rif;ausmfonf wdkufay:wufvmav&m uRefawmfrSm
xdkol\ ½kyfvu©Pmudk Munfh½Ijcif;tm;jzifh ¤if;\ udk,fpm;vS,f ajymoGm;onfhtwdkif; vltrsm;wdkU
&GHaMumufMu&onfh taMumif;udk &dyfrdav\/ xdkol\ rsufESmrSm wpfBudrfjrifcgrQESifhyif armufrmcufxefjcif;?
tvdk&r®ufBuD;jcif;? rdrdvdktyfaom t&mudk wpfenf;enf;jzifh rarhravsmh BuHpnfwwfjcif;? eufeJaom
ÓPftajrmftjrif&Sdjcif; paom tjcif;t&mwdkUESifh jynfhpHkonfjzpfí rnfonfhae&mrsdK;ü vkyfudkifonfjzpfap
tBuD;tuJtjzpfodkU rwkdifa&muf&bJ &yfem;jcif;&Sdrnfh vlwpfa,muf r[kwfaMumif; cefUrSef;Edkifav\/
OD;rif;ausmfonf wdkufay: odkU wufvmNyD;aemuf ydkifykdifEdkifEdkif &Sdaomtrlt&mjzifh ukvm;xdkifwpfvHk;udk qGJ,lum
OD;pH&Sm;ESifh awhqdkifumxdkifNyD;vQif ....
ausmf / /]wpfckajymxm;yg&ap OD;pH&Sm;? 'DtrIrSm aiGukefvdkU ta&;rBuD;? ukefcsifoavmuf ukefygap?rSefwJhtwdkif;
ay:aygufatmif pHHkaxmufEdkifvQif NyD;yga&m? q&mr rBuD;a&T vGwfajrmufatmif pHkaxmufay;vdkU &Sd&if cifAsm;
awmif;oavmuf uRefawmfay;yghr,f? b,favmufyJ qdkyg}
&S m;/ /]uRefawmfu r&SdEGrf;yg;aom vlrsm;\ trIudk tcrJh aqmif&Gufí wwfEkdifolrsm;\ trIü tenf;trsm; r&Sd?
worwfwnf; uRefawmf ,lygonf}
ausmf / /]aMomf cifAsm;u aiG ta&;rBuD;wJhvludk? aiGudk *½krpdkufvQif emrnfBuD;zdkUawmh *½kpdkufzdkU &Sdygw,f?
'DtrIrSm cifAsm; aqmif&GufvdkU atmifjrifcJhvdkU &Sd&if jrefrmjynf wpfjynfvHk; cifAsm;emrnf xGufoGm;ygvdrfhrnf}
&S m;/ /]aus;Zl;wifygw,f OD;rif;ausmf? odkUaomf uRefawmfu ausmfapmjcif;udk *½kpdkufwJh vlwpfa,muf r[kwfyg?
rSefwJhtwdkif; ajym&vQif uRefawmfh oabmrSmawmh vlrod olrod? wdwfwqdwf tvkyfvkyf&jcif;udk ESpfoufwJh
vljzpfygw,f? odkUaomf tydkawGavQmufajymaewmESifh tcsdefrukefapbJ jzpfysufyHkudkom ajymjyygawmh cifAsm;}
ausmf / /]tjzpftysufuawmh owif;pmxJrSm ygwJhtwdkif;ygyJ? r&Sif;ao;wm &SdvQifom ar;ygawmh}
&S m;/ /]uRefawmf odcsifwm wpfck &Sdw,f}
ausmf / /]ar;ygawmh}
&S m;/ /]OD;rif;ausmfESifh q&mr rBuD;a&TESifh[m b,fuJhodkU tajctaerSm &Sdw,fvdkU qdkwm uRefawmfodvdkw,f}
OD;rif;ausmfonf pdwfqdk;aom trlt&mESifh ukvm;xdkifrS ½kwfw&uf xNyD;rS trsufudk csKyfwnf;í
ausmf / /]'Dar;cGef;udk cifAsm;u ar;cGifh&SdvdkU ar;wmESifh wl&JU}
&S m;/ /]uRefawmf 'DvdkyJ oabm&ygw,f}
ausmf / /]uRefawmfESifh q&mr rBuD;a&TESifh[m armif&if; ESpfr&if;uJhodkU oabmxm;½kHru uRefawmfh om;orD;rsm;
rsufarSmufrS wpfyg; uRefawmfwdkUESpfa,mufrSm b,ftcgrS rsufESmcsif;qdkifí pum;rajymbl;yg}
xdktcg OD;pH&Sm;onf xkdif&mrS xí
&S m;/ /]onf;cHyg OD;rif;ausmf? uRefawmfu tvkyfrsm;onfh vlwpfa,muf jzpfonfhtwGuf tv[ó pum;awG
avQmufajymzdkU tcsdefr&Sdyg}
xdktcg OD;rif;ausmfonfvnf; trsufxGufaom rsufESmxm;ESifh OD;pH&Sm;tm; Munfhum xdkif&mrS wzefxvsuf
ausmf / /]b,fhES,fajymvdkufwmvJ OD;pH&Sm;? usKyftrIudk vufrcHbl; qdkvdkovm;}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm;udk vufrcHcsifbl; qdkvdkw,f}
ausmf / /]bmaMumifhvJ b,fvdk tBuHtpnf &SdvdkUvJ? aiGydkNyD; vdkcsifvdkUvm;? odkUr[kwf aMumufvdkUvm;?
bmaMumifhwkef; usKyfodcsifw,f}
&S m;/ /]odcsifvJ ajym&wmaygh? 'DtrI[m e*kdtm;jzif ½IyfaxG;ae&wJh txJrSm ajymwJhvlu [kwfwdkif;rSef&m
rajymcJhvdkU &Sd&if b,fawmh &Sif;vif;EdkifrSmvJAsmh}
ausmf / /]cifAsm;u usKyfudk rkom;qdkw,fvdkU pGyfpGJvdkw,faygh }
&S m;/ /]uRefawmfu ,Ofaus;wJh pum;ESifh ajym&mrSm cifAsm;u wdkuf½kdufajymapvdkvQif 'Dt"dyÜm,f uswmaygh}
xdkpum;udk Mum;onfESifh wNydKifeuf OD;rif;ausmfonf tHBudwfNyD;vQif vufoD;udk qkyfvsuf vufudk
ajr§mufvdkuf&m OD;pH&Sm;url cyfat;at; trlt&mESifh NyHK;&,fcgjzifh rdrd\ aq;wHudk vSrf;,lav\/
&S m;/ /]'D[mrsdK;awG rvkyfprf;ygESifh OD;rif;ausmf Asm? xrif;pm;NyD;vdkU 0rf;awmifhaewJhtcgrSm vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm;
rvkyfprf;yg&apESifh}
xdktcg OD;rif;ausmfonf owd&onfhtaejzifh trsufudk ½kwfw&uf csKyfwnf;í
ausmf / /]'gawmh cifAsm; oabmaygh? cifAsm; oabmrusvQifvJ usKyftrI vufrcH½Hk &Sdwmaygh? usKyfudk
qefUusifbuf jyKjcif;[m cifAsm; vGJNyD? cifAsm;avmuf ruwJh vlawG usKyfESdrfcJhwm b,fESpfa,muf&SdNyDvJ? usKyfESifh
qdkifjydKifNyD; usKyf'Pfudk cHEdkifwJhvl wpfa,mufrS rawGUao;bl;? cifAsm; owdxm;vdkufyg}
a&TOa'gif;
&S m;/ /]'Dvdk ajymoGm;wJh vlawG tyHkaygh? tif;Asm odkUayr,fh uRefawmfhrSmawmh 'Dvdk 'Dvdkyg? udkif; oGm;ayOD;awmh
OD;rif;ausmf ? avmuBuD;rSm cifAsm; rod em;rvnfao;wJh t&mawG tyHkBuD;ygAsm? oGm;OD;awmh? oGm;OD;awmh}
OD;rif;ausmfrSm a'gormefyGm;vsuf qlqlnHnHESifh wdkufay:rS qif;oGm;av&m OD;pH&Sm;rSmrl at;at;aq;aq; &Sdaom
trlt&mESifh aq;wHudk aomuf&SLvsuf &Sdav\/
&S m;/ /]b,fhES,fvJ udkodef;armif? b,fvdk xifjrifcsufrsm; ay;p&m&SdovJ}
uRefawmf/ /]uRefawmhf xifjrifcsufuawmh olU½kyfvu©Pmudk axmufjcif;jzifh onfvdkvl[m olvdkcsifwJh t&m&SdNyD
qdkrSjzifh r,m;toufaom bmaom ...}
&S m;/ /]tppfyJ usKyfvJ 'DvdkyJ xifw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]q&mr rBuD;a&TESifh olUtjzpfudk cifAsm; b,fhES,fodovJ}
&S m;/ /]'guawmh jzef;vHk; udkodef;armif? oufouf jzef;vHk;yg? ol pma&;yHk? 'DtrIrSm ol *½kpdkufyHkwdkUudk
axmufjcif;tm;jzifh OD;rif;ausmf[m r,m;a':ESif;jr aoqHk;jcif;xuf q&mr rBuD;a&T tzrf;cH&jcif; twGufudk
omí ylyefaMumif;udk od&w,f? ,ckvdk ylyefjcif;onf xdkolESpfOD;wdkU &if;ESD;pGm qufoG,fjcif; &SdwJ htwGuf
jzpf&r,fvdkU usKyfuawG;NyD; wyftyfaocsm odwJhtaeESifh jzef;vdkufjcif; jzpfw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]ol jyefvmaumif;ygao;Asmh aemf}
&S m;/ /]{uefrkcs jyefvm&r,f? 'DtrIudk ,ckvdk wpfydkif;wpfpESifh b,fenf;ESifhrS ol ypfrxm;Edkifbl;? rkcs
jyefvm&r,f? a[m ajym&if;qdk&if avSum;u wufvmwm olU ajcoHrSwfw,f}
OD;rif;ausmfonf tcef;wGif;odkU wzefjyefí 0ifvm&m ¤if;\ rsufESmxm;rSm xGufoGm;pOftcguuJhodkU ½SL;½SL;&Sm;&Sm;
r&SdawmhbJ trsufudk NrdKodyfí xm;[ef&Sd\/
ausmf / /]OD;pH&Sm; ajympum;udk wpfzefpOf;pm;Munfhawmh uRefawmfu vrf;rSm;[ef wlygw,f? odkUaomfvJ
rBuD;a&TESifh uRefawmfESifh tjzpftysuf[m 'DtrIESifh bmrS roufqdkifbl;vdkU uRefawmf xifygw,f}
&S m;/ /]qdkif rqdkif qHk;jzwfzdkU[m uRefawmhf tvkyfjzpfygw,f}
ausmf / /]&SdygapawmhAsm? ar;vdkU &SdrS ajym&wmaygh? udkif; cifAsm; odcsifwm ar;ygawmh}
&S m;/ /]rSefwJhtwdkif; tvHk;pHk uRefawmf odvdkw,f}
xdktcg OD;rif;ausmfonf £ajE´BuD;aom rsufESmxm;wpfrsdK; jyifí atmufygtwdkif; ajymjyav\/
ausmf / /]rvTJomvdkUom ajym&? w,fNyD; ajymzdkU cufwmrsdK;uvm;Asm? wdkwdk½Hk;NyD; ajym&rSmjzifh 'DvdkAs? uRefawmfESifh
rESif;jrESifh taMumif;ygMuawmh uRefawmfu touf 25 ESpf? olu tysdKBuD; touf 35 ESpf&SdNyD? acsmwmvSwm
rawmh ajymp&m r&Sdygaybl;? uRefawmfh rdef;rvdk[m &Sm;ygw,f? [kdwkef;uawmh olESifh uRefawmfESifh toufq,fESpf
uGmwm[m raxmif;wmao;bl; qdkOD;awmh? t&G,fyif &ifhaomfvJ tqif;u zHk;aewJh twGuf rxif&Sm;vSbl;
qdkOD;awmh? ,ckawmh uRefawmfu 45 ESpf? olu 55 ESpf qdkawmh tifrwef uGmjcm;NyD; 55 ESpform;[m wu,fh
tr,ftdkBuD;jzpfaewmudk? uRefawmfwdkU aygif;oif;vmMuwm tESpfESpfq,f &SdMuNyD? uRefawmfuawmh rSefwJhtwdkif;
ajym&rSmjzifh tr,ftdkBuD; jzpfaewm jrif&JUom;ESifh [kdwkef;uvdk ESpfESpfoufouf r&SdEdkifygbl;cifAsm? oluawmh
ESpfaygif;ESpfq,f MumaomfvJ arwåm rysufwJhtjyif a&S;uxufawmif wdk;NyD; uRefawmfhudk pGJvef;ESpfoufygw,f?
vlqdkwmrsdK;[m udk,fu rESpfoufbJ udk,fhudk olwpfxl;u tvGeftrif; pGJvrf;ESpfoufaewmudk awGU&NyD qdkrSjzifh
tifrwef taecufNyD; atmfuvD qefawmhrvdk jzpfwwfygw,f? tJ'gaMumifh uRefawmfhtay:rSm arwåmpdwf
avsmhygapawmhvdkU oabmxm;NyD; olUudk rmefvdkuf rJvdkuf? Budrf;vdkuf armif;vdkuf vkyf&jcif; jzpfygw,f? EdkYayr,fh
uRefawmfu &ufpufavav? olu uRefawmfhtay:rSm arwåm ydkavav &Sdaeygw,f? xdkuJhodkU &SdaewJh
tawmtwGif;rSm q&mr rBuD;a&Tudk uRefawmfh uav;ESpfa,muf twGuf tdrfrSm ynmoifzdkU iSm;rdygw,f?

a&mufvmwJh q&mruvJ tifrwef acsmvSwJh rdef;rwpfa,muf jzpfavawmh ykxkZOfwdkU oabmtwdkif;
uRefawmfu ESpfoufpHkruf rdayw,f? rBuD;a&Tudk cifAsm; jrif&vQif uRefawmfESpfoufonfhtwGuf tjypf rqdkaybl;
vdkU uRefawmfxifygw,f}
&S m;/ /][kwfuJh? ESpfouf½Hk ESpfoufvdkUawmh tjypf rqdkvdkygbl;? odkUaomf cifAsm;udk rSDcdkNyD; ae&SmwJh rdef;uav;
wpfa,muf jzpfonfhtwGuf cifAsm;u ESpfoufpHkrufaMumif; zGifh[NyD; ajymr,fqdk&ifawmh tjypfqdkvdkw,f}
ausmf / /]tjypf qdkcsifvJ qdkawmh? uRefawmfjzifh ajymrdayw,f}
&S m;/ /]aMomf 'Dvdkvm;}
ausmf / /]r,m;i,ftjzpfESifh cspfBudKufEdkifcJhvQif aiGwpfaomif; wifygr,fvdkU uRefawmfu ajymrdw,f}
xdktcg OD;pH&Sm;u avSmifajymifvsuf
&S m;/ /]w,fNyD; &ufa&mygayoAsm}
ausmf / /]uRefawmf ajymyg&ap OD;pH&Sm;? cifAsm;qDudk uRefawmfvmjcif;[m trItwGuf aqmif&Gufay;zdkU
vmjcif;jzpfygw,f? cifAsm; Mo0g'udk cH,lzdkU vmwm r[kwfygbl;}
&S m;/ /]rSefw,f? uRefawmfuvJ 'DtrIrSm aqmif&Gufay;vdkU&Sd&if cifAsm;twGufr[kwf? q&mruav;udk oem;ojzifh
omvQif aqmif&Gufay;jcif; jzpfw,f?cifAsm;wdkUvdk ydkufqHaygwJh vlawG[m igwdkU bmyJvkyfvkyf aiGESifh zHk;&if
vHka&mhvdkU atmufarhwwfw,f? 'DvdkvlrsdK;udk uRefawmfb,fawmhrS tm;ray;csifbl;}
ausmf / /]rSefygw,f? cifAsm; ajymwJhpum; oifhavsmfygw,f? odkUaomf 'DudpörSmawmh uRefawmfu b,fvdkyif
ajymaomfvJ rBuD;a&Tu uRefawmfh tBuHtpnfudk oabmrwlygbl;? uRefawmfu ajymonfESifh wNydKifeuf
rBuD;a&Tu tvkyfxGufzdkU pmwifygw,f}
&S m;/ /]'gjzifh bmaMumifh xGufroGm;ovJ}
ausmf / /]uRefawmfu aemufudk 'DtaMumif;ESifh pyfvsOf;vdkU b,fawmhrS rajymawmhygbl;vdkU y#dnmOfay;wmu
wpfaMumif;? uRefawmf[m oabmcufxefol wpfaa,muf jzpfonfhtavsmuf vufatmufi,fom;rsm;tm;
pnf;urf;twdkif; wif;wif;MuyfMuyfjyKonfh tcgrSm ol0ifNyD;ajymvQif xdkolrSm oufomcGifh &wwfygw,f?
tJ'gaMumifh ol&SdaecJhvQif vufatmufqif;&Jom;rSm csrf;omcGifh&oGm;onfudk olawGUwmuwpfaMumif;?
xkdtaMumif;ESpfcsuffaMumifhtvkyfrS rxGufbJ qufvufNyD; aexdkifjcif; jzpfygw,f? xkdtawmtwGif;rSm rESif;jr
aoqHk;jcif; jzpfygw,f}
&S m;/ /]a':ESif;jr aoyHktaMumif; pyfvsOf;í bmrsm;ajymzdkU &SdygovJ}
ausmf / /]uRefawmfhr,m; rESif;jr? rBuD;a&Tonf uRefawmfhtay:rSm MoZm&Sdaeonfudk jrifí rdef;rwdkU "r®wm
tifrwef remvdkjcif; jzpfwmrSefygw,f? onfawmhu rBuD;a&Tudk awmf&mrSm awGUzdkUcsdef;NyD; 'Dtdrfu xGufroGm;
oGm;atmif uRefawmfh ajcmufvHk;jyL;ESifh Ncdrf;ajcmuf&mwGif aoewfudk wpfa,mufESifh wpfa,mufvk&if;
aoewfarmif; usoGm;NyD; Ncdrf;ajcmufwJhvludk rSefoGm;w,fvdkU uRefawmf awG;rdygw,f}
&S m;/ /]uRefawmfvJ 'Dvdk awG;rdyg&JU}
ausmf / /]odkUaomf rBuD;a&T udk,fwdkifu 'Dvdk r[kwfbl;vdkU ajymaew,f}
a&TOa'gif;
&S m;/ /]ajymayrJh aemufqHk;pum; r[kwfao;ygbl;av? aoewfudk ua,mifuwrf;ESifh ,loGm;NyD; xm;rdxm;&m

olUAD½dkxJrSm 0Sufxm;vdkufua&m? aemif aoewfudk awGUawmhrS olUtay: trIywfrSm pdk;avawmh t&Sif;uG,fwm
jzpfcsifvJ jzpfEdkifw,f? r[kwfaybl;vm;Asm}
ausmf / /][kwfuJh rBuD;a&T oabmudk rodwJhvlawmh onfvdkawG;p&m &Sdyg&JU}
&S m;/ /]'gvJ rSefw,f? udkif; 'Dawmh rBuD;a&Tudk uRefawmf awGUcsifao;w,f? b,frSmxm;ovJ? yJcl;rSm xm;ovm;}
ausmf / /]rSefygw,f}
&S m;/ /]udkif; 'gjzifh yJcl;udk uRefawmfwdkU vdkufMuOD;pdkU}
ausmf / /]cifAsm;wdkU oGm;ESifhyg? 'DNrdKUrSm udpöuav;wpfck &Sdao;vdkU uRefawmf ae&pfyg&apOD;? NyD;NyD;csif; uRefawmf
vdkufcJhygr,f}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfESifh OD;pH&Sm;wdkUonf xdkaeU pmydkU&xm;ESifh yJcl;NrdKUodkU vdkufMuav\/ odkYygaomfvJ q&mr
rBuD;a&TESifh xkdaeU awGU&ef trdefUcHr&bJ &Sdaeum; uRefawmfwdkUonf trIjzpfyGm;&m jzpfaom &pfuefblwmodkU
qufvufí vdkufoGm;Muav\/
&pfuefblwmodkU qdkufa&mufMuaom tcg xdkvlowfrItaMumif;udk pHkprf;cJhzl;aom Xmemtkyf udkjrazESifh awGUav&m
udkjrazonf OD;pH&Sm;\ awmif;cHcsuftwdkif; trIjzpfyGm;&m ae&mudk vdkufí jyav\/ vrf;c&D;ü
&S m;/ /]b,fhES,fvJ udkjraz? cifAsm;oabm b,fhES,f&ovJ}
az/ /]uRefawmhf oabmawmhjzifh q&mr rBuD;a&Tu owfwm trSefESifh wlygw,f q&m}
&S m;/ /]aoewfuawmh OD;rif;ausmf aoewf trSefyJaemf}
az/ /]trSefygyJwJh q&m? OD;rif;ausmfu ydkufqH tifrwef aygavawmh tpdk;& ppfpm;p&dwf acs;pOfu aiGawG
odyfxnfhNyD; aoewfvdkifpifawG ,lcsifwdkif; ,lxm;wmudk; q&m? ajcmufvHk;jyL;u ESpfvuf oHk;vuf? aoewfBuD;u
oHk;av;vuf? wu,fhta&;ydkiftdrf? rif;BuD;tdrf usaewmyJ q&m? rBuD;a&T AD½kdxJrSm awGUwJh aoewf[mvJ
olUaoewfxJu wpfvufyJ}
&S m;/ /]usKyfwdkU jrefrmvlrsdK;xJu aoewfvdkifpif 'Davmufrsm;rsm; ay;ovm;Asm}
az/ /][kdwkef;tcguawmh aiGig;&m acs;Ekdif&if aoewfvdkifpif &awmhwmaygh q&m? olvdk aiGwpfodef;
acs;wJhvlawmh vdkifpif av;ig;ck bmcufrvJ q&m}
xkduJhodkU ajym&if;qdk&if; uRefawmfwdkUonf acsmif;udk jzwfausmfxm;aom wHwm;wpfckodkU qdkufa&mufvmMuav\/
az/ /]a[m'Dae&mu a':ESif;jr tavmif;awGUwJh ae&myJ q&m? [dkausmufwHk;[m uRefawmf rSwfxm;wJh
ausmufwHk;yJ}
&S m;/ /]trIjzpfyGm;NyD;NyD;jcif; cifAsm; a&mufovm;}
az/ /]a&mufygw,f}
&S m;/ /]b,folu tac:ckdif;ovJ}
az/ /]OD;rif;ausmfu tac:ckdif;ygw,f}
&S m;/ /]aoewf'Pf&mu teD;rSm uyfypfwJh 'Pf&mqdk}
az/ /][kwfw,f q&m? ,rf;ckd;awmif pGJoGm;ygao;w,f}
&S m;/ /]b,fae&mrSm rSefovJ}

az/ /]ezl;rSm? vufsmbufu q&m}
&S m;/ /]b,fyHk vJaeovJ}
az/ /]yufvufvJ aew,fq&m? axG;vHk;owfykwfwJh ajc&mvJr&Sd? vufeufvJ r&Sd? vuf0JbufvufrSmawmh
rBuD;a&T a&;wJh pmwpfapmif qkyfudkifxm;wm awGUygw,f}
&S m;/ /]qkyfxm;ovm;}
az/ /]qkyfxm;vdkUrS renf; jznf,l&w,f q&m}
&S m;/ /]tJ'g ta&;BuD;oAsdKU? aoNyD;rS olrsm; vmxnfhonf r[kwf? raorDu &SdaeaMumif; xif&Sm;w,f?
pmxJygwmu n 7 em&DrSm wHwm;OD;odkU vmcJhrnf? rBuD;a&TwJh r[kwfvm;}
az/ /]rSefygw,f}
&S m;/ /]'Dpmudk rBuD;a&Tu ola&;aMumif; 0efcHovm;}
az/ /]0efcHygw,f}
&S m;/ /]'DtaMumif; b,fvdk ajymovJ}
az/ /]puf&Sif½kH;usawmhrS xkacsr,fvdkU ajymw,f}
&S m;/ /]'DpmawGUyHku awmfawmf tpOf;pm;&usyfw,fvdkU cifAsm; rxifbl;vm;}
az/ /]uRefawmfjzifh tifrwef &Sif;w,fvdkU xifygw,f q&m}
xdktcg OD;pH&Sm;u OD;acgif;udk &rf;vsuf
&S m;/ /]'Dpmudk aetdrfrSm &NyD;wJhaemuf? csdef;wJh ae&mudk vmwJhtcgrSm 'Dpmudk,lvmzdkU vdkao;ovm;Asm}
az/ /]'gawmh ol,lwmudk; q&m}
OD;pH&Sm;onf aq;wHukd aq;jznfhí NyD;vQif wHwm;vuf&ef;ay:wGif xdkifí ½IzGm&if;t&yfav;rsufESmudk
vSrf;umvSrf;um Munfhrdav\/ xdkaemuf xkdif&mrS ½kwfw&uf xí tjcm;buf vuf&ef;odkU ul;oGm;NyD;vQif
iHkUvQdK;um MunfhNyD;rS
&S m;/ /]'Dae&mrSm yJhaeyguvm;}
az/ /][kwfuJh q&m? vufaqmhwJh uav;rsm; wkwfESifh ½kdufoGm;w,f xifyg&JU}
uRefawmfonf teD;odkU csOf;uyfí aocsmpGm Munfh½Iaomtcg opfom;vuf&ef;ü wpfckaomae&mwGif
ydefU0ifvsuf&Sdonfudk awGUjrif&av\/ OD;pH&Sm;onf vufrS udkifaom wkwfaumufESifh vuf&ef;udk oHk;av;csuf
½dkufMunfh&m &SdaeNyD;aom t&muJhokdU eufpGm rxifaMumif; awGUjrif&av\/
&S m;/ /]awmfawmfjyif;jyif; xdrSefjcif;ESifh wlw,f? NyD;awmhvJ txufrS xdrSefjcif; r[kwf? atmufrS xdrSefjcif;
jzpf&r,f}
az/ /]'Dae&mu tavmif;awGUwJhae&mESihf qdkawmh q,fhig;ayavmuf a0;yguvm; q&m}
&S m;/ /]rSefw,f? 'gaMumifhrdkU 'DtyJh[m ,cktrIESifh oufqdkifcsifvJ oufqdkifr,f? rouffqdkifcsifvJ aer,f?
axG;vHk;owfykwfwJh ajc&mawmhrawGUbl; qdkoaemf}
az/ /]ajrBuD;uvJ rmw,f q&m}
a&TOa'gif;
&S m;/ /]udkif; &Sdap? OD;rif;ausmf tdrfudk ce oGm;vdkufMuOD;pdkU}

uRefawmfwdkUonf OD;rif;ausmf\ aetdrfodkU a&mufMuaomtcg ,cifu awGUzl;aom OD;rif;ausmf\ udk,fpm;vS,f
armifñGefUvlESifh awGUí ¤if;u OD;rif;ausmfonf tvGefw&m cufxefarmufrmaom vlwpfa,muf jzpfaMumif;ESifh
xyfavmif;í tppfcHav\/
&S m;/ /]olUr,m;a':ESif;jrudk ½dkufvm; ykwfvm; jyKzl;ovm;}
vl/ /]'Dvdkawmh vufxdvufa&muf rjyKzl;ygbl; cifAsm? odkUaomf olajymwJh pum;awGu ½dkufoavmufru
emusnf;atmif ajymwwfygw,f}
¤if;aemuf OD;pH&Sm;onf ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewfudk awmif;,lí aocsmpGm udkifMunfhNyD;vQif wpfzef ay;tyfcJhí
blwm½HkodkU jyefvmMuav\/ vrf;c&D;ü
&S m;/ /]trItoGm;tvm Munfhvdkufawmhjzifh q&mr rBuD;a&Tudk pGyfpGJp&m taMumif;awG rsm;aewm trSefyJ?
wpfcsufyJ usKyfrBudKufwm &Sdw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]b,ftcsuf[mvJ Asm}
&S m;/ /]olU AD½dkxJrSm aoewfawGUw,f qdkwJh taMumif;[myJ}
uRefawmf/ /]b,fhES,fvJAsm? 'DtwGufaMumifh rBuD;a&T tay:rSm omNyD;awmh xifp&m&Sdw,f r[kwfvm;}
&S m;/ /]'Dvdk r[kwfbl; udkodef;armif? vlwpfOD;wpfa,mufudk pGyfpGJawmhr,fqdkvQif pGyfpGJ&ef taMumif;tcsufawG[m
tm;vHk;nDñGwf&if ae&m rusbl;Asm}
uRefawmf/ /]aumif;aumif; r&Sif;aygifAsm}
&S m;/ /]aumif;NyD? usKyfajymjyr,f? rdef;rwpfa,muf[m tjcm;rdef;rwpfa,mufudk owfzdkU wiful;BuHpnfNyD;
ajcmufvHk;jyL;udk ,lxm;? pmESifh a&;NyD; aoaocsmcsmcsdef;? [kdrdef;r vmawmhudk ypfowf? ,ckvdk aoaocsmcsm
wiful; pDpOfNyD;wJh aemufrS aoewfudk eD;&m acsmif;xJ ypfrxm;cJhbJ olUae&m jyef,loGm;NyD; olUAD½dkxJ
0Sufxm;w,fqdkwm [kwfEdkifyghrvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]ua,mifuwef;ESifh xm;rdxm;&m xm;&ifaumAsm}
&S m;/ /]rjzpfEkdifbl; udkodef;armif? owfzdkU&mudk BudKwifNyD; pdwful;xm;cJhvdkU&Sd&if ajc&mazsmufzdkUudkvJ BudKwifNyD;
pdwful;xm;&r,f? q&mr rBuD;a&Tu 'DajcmufvHk;jyL; a&mufaewmudk olrod&ygbl;wJh ajymw,f? olUpum;
rSefcJhvdkU&SdvQif wpfa,mufu rBuD;a&T tay:rSm trIywfatmif olUAD½dkxJ vmxm;r,f r[kwfvm;? 'DvdkqdkvQif
xm;aomol[m owfaomol r[kwfaybl;vm;? odkUaomf yJcl;a&mufrS rBuD;a&TESifh awGUNyD; aoaocsmcsm
qHk;jzwfMupdkUav}
uRefawmfwdkUonf yJcl;NrdKUodkU qdkufa&mufMuaomtcg tcsKyfcHae&aom rBuD;a&TESifh awGU&ef tcGifh yefMum;NyD;aemuf
¤if;\a&SUae OD;b0if;ESifh twl tcsKyfcef;odkU 0ifoGm;Muav\/ rBuD;a&TrSm ½kyfqif;oP²mef pifppfjynfhpHkonfh
rdef;rwpfa,mufjzpfay&m ¤if;\ xl;jcm;aom tcsufwpfckrSm ¤if;\ rsufESmudk jrifvdkuf&onfESifh wjydKifeuf
El;nHYodrfarGUaom pdwfoabm&SdaMumif;rSm aumif;pGmxif&Sm;ay\/
&S m;/ /]udkif; q&mr? trIuawmhjzifh awmfawmfyJ ½Iyfaew,f? onfawmh q&mru usKyfwdkUudk [kwfwdkif;rSef&m
ukefpifatmif ajymavrS 'DtrIudk uGif;vHk;uRwfatmif usKyfwdkU aqmif&GufEkdifzdkU &Sdvdrfhr,f? r[kwfbl;vm; OD;b0if;}
0if;/ /]rSefygw,f}
rBuD;a&TrSm þtrIü pHkaxmufBuD; OD;pH&Sm;udk,fwdkif aqmif&GufrnfhtaMumif; od&SdonfESihf wjydKifeuf tvGefñId;EGrf;

tm;avsmhvsuf&Sdaom rsufESmxm;rS Munfvif&Tifysaom rsufESmxm;odkU ajymif;vJvmNyD;vQif ar;orQudk
[kwfrSefonfhtwdkif; ajymygrnf[k 0efcHav\/
&S m;/ /]a':ESif;jrESifh q&mrESifh tajctaeudk ajymjyprf;ygOD;}
a&T/ /]a':ESif;jru olUa,musfm;ESifh uRefrudk txiftjrif vGJNyD; uRefrudktvGefw&m rkef;cJhygw,f? uRefru
qif;&Jom; v,form;rsm; oufomcGifh &atmif wpfcgwpfav 0ifajymvdkU olUa,musfm;u em;axmifvQif
olUa,musfm;tay:rSm uRefrMoZm pl;&rvm;qdkNyD; uRefrtay:rSm &efñId;zGJUvsuf &Sdygw,f}
&S m;/ /]a':ESif;jraowJh aeUu tjzpftysufudk ajymjyprf;ygOD;}
a&T/ /]xkdaeUu uRefr pmoifwJh pm;yGJay:rSm pmwpfapmif awGUygw,f? tJ'DpmxJrSm a':ESif;jru n 9 em&DtcsdefrSm
xdkwHwm;udk olESifhawGU&atmif vmzdkUtaMumif;? vmrnf rvmrnfudk jyefpma&;í 0if;wHcg;rSm ñSyfxm;zdkU
taMumif;? olUpmudk zwfNyD;NyD;csif; qkwfypfzdkU taMumif;ESifh pmudk awGU&ygw,f}
&S m;/ /]b,ftwGufaMumifh olUpmudk qkwfypfzdkU rSmowJhvJ}
a&T/ /]olUa,musfm; awGUoGm;&if olUudk Budrf;rSmpdk;onfh twGuf jzpfw,fvdkU xifygw,f}
&S m;/ /]q&mr jyefpmudkawmh odrf;xm;yguvm;}
a&T/ /][kwfuJh? olUvufxJrSm jyefpmawGUw,fvdkU Mum;awmh tHhMordygw,f}
&S m;/ /]ajymygOD;}
a&T/ /]'gESifh [dknu olrSmwJhtwdkif; uRefroGm;vdkU wHwm;a&mufawmh olu apmihfaeESifhw,f? awGUawGUcsif; bmrS
rajymygESifhawmh? tdrfrSmwkef; olUa,musfm;a&SUrdkU atmifhxm;orQawG uRefrudk ajymvdkuf qdkvdkuf Budrf;vdkuf
armif;vdkuf qJa&;vdkuf ay;pm;vdkufESifh ,kwf,kwfrmrm rMum;0Hh remomawG 'vpyf &Gwfavawmh uRefrrSm
rMum;0HhwmESihf em;udk ydwfNyD; tdrfjyefajy;cJh&ygw,f? n 11 em&Davmuf usawmh [dkae&mrSmyJ
tavmif;awGUw,fvdkU Mum;&NyD; oGm;MunfhMuygw,f}
&S m;/ /]q&mr xGufvmawmh tdrfrSm OD;rif;ausmf &Sd&pfovm;}
a&T/ /]&Sd&pfygw,f}
&S m;/ /]jyefvmawmhaum &Sdovm;}
a&T/ /]&Sdygw,f}
&S m;/ /]q&mr bD½dkxJrSm awGUwJh aoewfudk t&ifu jrifzl;ovm;}
a&T/ /]rjrifzl;ygbl;}
&S m;/ /]aoewfudk b,fae&mrSm awGUovJ}
a&T/ /]t0wfawGxJrSm awGUygw,f}
&S m;/ /]'Dae&mudk aoewfa&mufaewm b,favmufMumNyDvJvdkU rajymEkdifbl;vm;}
a&T/ /]reufcif;u 'dkbDvmvdkU t0wfxnfhawmh aoewf rawGUao;yg}
&S m;/ /]'gjzifh wpfa,mufa,mufu q&mr tay:rSm trIywfatmif wrifwum vmxm;wmaygh}
a&T/ /]'gESifh wlygw,f}
a&TOa'gif;
&S m;/ /]'DtrI &Sif;vif;zdkUtwGuf bmrsm; ajymp&m usefao;ovJ}

a&T/ /]bmrS awG;r&yg}
&S m;/ /]tavmif;awGUwJh wHwm;rSm opfom;enf;enf;yJhaewm wpfckawGUw,f? b,fvdkaMumifh qdkwm q&mr
ajymEkdifovm;}
a&T/ /]rajymEkdifyg}
xdktcg OD;pH&Sm;onf aq;wHudk rD;ñSdí aomufNyD;aemuf rsufarSmifMuKwfum twefMumatmif ai;pkdufí aeav&m
uRefawmfESihf wuG a&SUaeOD;b0if;ESifh rBuD;a&TwdkUonf ¤if;\tuJudk cyfvsuf &SdaeMuav\/
twefi,fMumvwfaomf OD;pH&Sm;onf ½kwfw&uf tBuHay:vmonfh vu©PmESifh aygifudk ykwfvsuf xkdif&mrS
xNyD;vQif
&S m;/ /]vmAsdKU udkodef;armif? oGm;MuOD;pdkU}
0if;/ /]bmrsm;vJ OD;pH&Sm;}
&S m;/ /]pdwfcsaeyg q&mr? reufjzefcgawmh 'DtrIudk usKyf &Sif;vif;Edkifygvdrfhr,f? 'Dwpf&ufawmh onf;cHNyD;
apmihf&pfayOD;awmhAsm}
blwm½HkodkU a&mufMuaomtcg OD;pH&Sm;onf &efukefvufrSwf r,lbJ&pfuefvufrSwfESpfapmifudk ,lvmcJhav\/
rD;&xm;ay: odkU wufrdMuaomtcg 'kwd,wef;wpfwGJvHk;ü uRefawmfwdkUESpfa,mufomvQif &SdcJh&m OD;pH&Sm;onf rdrd
,laqmifcJhaom ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewfudk wudkifudkifESihf xkwfí Munfhav\/ xdktcg uRefawmfonf ¤if;\
trlt&mudk em;rvnfEkdifonf jzpfí
uRefawmf/ /]aoewfudk bmaMumihf 'Davmufawmif xkwfxkwfMunfhae&wmvJAsmh? ,ck oGm;r,fh vrf;u
ab;tEÅ&m,f jrifvdkUvm;}
&S m;/ /]r[kwfbl;Asmh? 'DtrIrSm t½IyftaxG;udk 'Daoewfu &Sif;vif;vdrfhr,f}
uRefawmf/ /]cifAsm;[m em;rvnfaygifAsm? cifAsm;aoewfESifh 'DtrIESifh bmqdkifovJAs}
&S m;/ /]em;rvnf&ifvJ tomaeav? tcsdefwefawmh EGm;ydefuefvdrfhr,fvdkU pum;yHk &Sdw,f r[kwfvm;}
&pfuefblwmodkU qdkufa&mufMuaom tcg OD;pH&Sm;onf usLv&mqdkif wpfqdkifodkU 0ifí AefcsnfBudK;wpfxHk;udk
0,fNyD;vQif Xmemtkyf udkjrazudk ac:í tavmif;awGU&m wHwm;odkU oGm;Muav\/ wHwm;odkU a&mufMuaomtcg
OD;pH&Sm;onf AefcsnfBudK;xHk;udk ajzí wpfzufaom tpESifh ¤if;\ ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewfudk csnfNyD;vQif tjcm;aom
tpESifh ausmufcJBuD;wpfvHk;udk csnfav&m uRefawmfESifh udkjrazwdkUrSm em;rvnfEdkifojzihf tHhMopGmESihf
MunfhaeMuav\/
¤if;aemuf OD;pH&Sm;onf BudK;csnfxm;aom ausmufwHk;udk wHwm;vuf&ef;ay:rS ausmfcsí aoewfudk udkifí
tavmif;awGUaom ae&modkU oGm;í&yfae&m BudK;onf awmifhvsuf&Sdav\/ ¤if;aemuf OD;pH&Sm;onf aoewfudk
OD;acgif;qDodkU ajr§mufNyD;aemuf ½kwfw&uf vTwfvdkuf&m wHwm;wpfzufü&Sdaom ausmufwHk;onf
aoewfxufav;onf jzpfaomaMumifh aoewfonf vufrS vTwfonfESifh wjydKifeuf ausmufwHk;&Sd&modkU oGm;í
wHwm;vuf&ef;ESifh ½dkufNyD;vQif ausmufwHk;a&m aoewfyg acsmif;xJodkU usoGm;av\/
OD;pH&Sm;onf pdwftm;BuD;pGmaom trlt&mESifh vQifjrefpGmajy;oGm;í aoewfESifh vuf&ef;½dkufrdaom ae&mudk iHkUí
MunfhNyD;aemuf 0rf;ajrmufvSaom trlt&mESifh uRefawmfwdkUtm; ac:iifap\/ uRefawmfESifh udkjrazwdkUonfvnf;
teD;odkU csOf;uyfMu&mwGif ,cifuawGU&aom yJh&mteD;ü ¤if;ESifh yHkoP²mefwlnDaom 'kwd,yJh&mudk
awGUjrif&av\/
xdktcg OD;pH&Sm;onf tHhMopGmESifh ai;Munfhaeaom uRefawmfwdkU ESpfa,muftm;

&S m;/ /]MunfhMuprf;ygOD;Asm? 'DxufaocsmwJh &Sif;vif;csuf b,frSm&SdEdkifrSmvJ? usKyfaoewfu 'DtrIudk
aumif;aumif;BuD; &Sif;vif;vdkufayNyD? udkjrazu &Gmom;rsm;udk ac:NyD; wHwm;atmufu acsmif;xJudk a&ikyfNyD;
&SmapvQif usKyfaoewfESifh onfhjyifaoewf wpfvufa&m ausmufwpfvHk;pDESifh csnfvsuf a&xJrSm awGUvdrfhr,f?
awmfawmfÓPfoGm;wJh a':ESif;jrayyJ ? olUudk,fol ypfowfNyD; rBuD;a&Ttay: trIywfatmif ÓPfqifxm;vdkufyHk
b,favmufae&musovJ? udkif; udkjraz? cifAsm; aoewfESpfvufudk jyef&atmif vlpkNyD; ,lcdkif;&pfayawmh ?
usKyfwdkUawmh 'DuaeU OD;rif;ausmf tdrfrSm tdyfNyD; reufjzefusrS rBuD;a&T vGwfzdkU pDrH&tHk;r,f}
xdknü OD;pH&Sm;onf ¤if;trI taMumif;udk atmufygtwdkif; &Sif;vif;ajymjyav\/
&S m;/ /]'DtrIrSm usKyfacsmfoGm;awmhr,fvdkU enf;enf; vdkawmhw,f? wHwm;vuf&ef;rSm yJhaewJh t&muav;udk
awGUayvdkU? EdkUrdkU&if jzifh rBuD;a&TtwGuf cyfcufcufyJ? vlrsm;[m w,fcufw,f? vlwpfa,mufudk tvGefUtvGef
rkef;NyD qdkrSjzifh xkdolysufpD;atmif[m ÓPfawG xGufNyD;vmwwfw,f? a':ESif;jr vkyfyHk Munfhawmh Asm? q&mr
rBuD;a&Tudk t&SufwuGJ tusdK;enf;aoap&atmif b,favmufÓPfqifNyD; xm;vdkufovJ? rBuD;a&T qDu
[kdae&mrSm csdef;pm&atmif olu pwifNyD;a&;? olUpmudkawmh qkwfypfcdkif;? rBuD;a&T pmudkawmh olu ,lcJh?
olUa,mufsm; ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewf wpfvufudk ,rf;awmifh wpfckavsmhatmif wpfcsuf ypfazmufNyD; rBuD;a&T
bD½dkxJrSm wdwfwdwf0Sufxm;? csdef;wJh tcsdefrSm wHwm;udkoGm;? rBuD;a&T vmwJh tcgrSm olUpdwfxJ &SdwmawGudk
tm;&atmifajym? rBuD;a&T jyefoGm;vdkU aoewfoH rMum;avmufwJh ae&ma&mufawmhrS aoewfudk usKyfvkyfovkd
vkyfNyD; olUudk,fol ypfowfwmudkAs? awmfawmfÓPfoGm;wJh rdef;rAsm? olUtBuHatmifzdkU[m enf;enf;uav;
vdkawmhw,f? udkif; bmrsm; r&Sif;wm &Sdao;ovJ}
uRefawmf/ /]vufOD;wHk;u acsmif;xJrSm bmaMumifh r&SmMuovJ Asm}
&S m;/ /]tif; olrsm;&Sif;NyD;awmh tBuH ay:wwfwmuvm; Asm? aemufrS tBuH&wJhvludk b,fhES,f ac: owJhvJ}
uRefawmf/ /]&Sdygapawmh Asm}
NyD;ygNyD/
______
a&TOa'gif;
7/ udk,fhudk,fudk owfjcif;avm olwpfyg;owfjcif;avm

uRefawmf\ rdwfaqG armifpH&Sm;onf ]oHk;yGifhqdkif} toif;trIESifh ywfoufí &Srf;jynfe,fawmifydkif;
awmifBuD;NrdKUodkU oGm;a&mufaxmufvSrf; pHkprf; ar;jref;vsuf&Sdonf/ wpfaeUaom we*FaEGaeUü pHkaxmuf
tifpydwfawmf armiftkef;azonf wdkufay: odkU wufvmí vrf;avQmufwkwfudk wpfckaom axmifhü xdk;ypfNyD;vQif
yufvufukvm;xdkif ay:wGif xdkifum rdIifvsuf&Sdaeav\/
uRefawmf/ /]b,fhES,fvJ udktkef;az&JU? bmrsm; tMuyftwnf; awGUvmjyefNyDvJAs}
az/ /]*Gusvdkufwm udkodef;armif&,f? q&mvJ r&Sdbl;? b,folrSvJ wdkifyifxdkufp&m r&Sdbl;? odyfNyD; *GuswmyJ Asm}
uRefawmf/ /]udkpH&Sm;vJ vmvkygNyDAsm}
az/ /]vmrSmu aemuf? uRefawmf t&SufuGJrSmu t&if jzpfaevdrfhr,f xifw,f udkodef;armif&JU}
uRefawmf/ /]bmrsm; t&SufuGJ&rSmvJ Asm? ajymjyprf;ygOD;awmhvm; As? uRefawmf wwfEkdifvQifvJ ulnD&wmyAsm}
[k ajymaomtcg armiftkef;azonf uRefawmfvdk vlpm;ESifh a0;avpG[laom rsufESmxm;rsdK;ESifh uRefawmftm;
NyHK;aphaph Munfhvsuf&Sd&m uRefawmfu tjzpftysuf tvHk;pHkudk jyefí ajym&ef xyfavmif; awmif;yefonfwGif
atmufygtwdkif; od&Sd&av\/
______
&efukefNrdKU u&dvrf; (,ck a&ausmfvrf;) wGif rdk;ukwfNrdKUrS vma&mufajymif;a&TU aexkdifaom ausmufyGJpm;BuD;

OD;zkef;ausmf? yGJuawmf a':odef;&if [lí &Sdav\/ OD;zkef;ausmfonf rdk;ukwfNrdKUü ausmufwGif;rsm; wl;azmfjcif;
vkyfief;udk vkyfudkifí ausmufwGif;atmifonfESifh ausmufoHywåjrm; tajrmuftjrm;ESifh &efukefNrdKUodkU qif;vmcJh&m
ausmufrsm;udk a&mif;csNyD;aom tcgü rdk;ukwfodkU jyefvnf oGm;a&muf vkyfudkifjcif;xuf &efukefNrdKUrSaeí
rdk;ukwfom; rdwfaqG taygif;wdkUESifh qufoG,fNyD;vQif yGJpm;vkyfief;jzifh vkyfudkifjcif;onf omvGefí
tusdK;aus;Zl;&Sdonf[k rSwfxifojzifh u&dvrf;ü wkdufwpfvHk;udk 0,f,lajymif;a&TU aexkdifcJhjcif; jzpfonf/
,if;uJhodkU aexkdifpOf rdrdwdkU arQmfvifhcsuftwdkif; xkdpOftcgu ywåjrm;aps;rSmvJ tvGefaumif;onf jzpfí
rdk;ukwfNrdKUrS ausmufukefonfrsm; rMumcP vma&mufwnf;cdkí ausmufta&mif;t0,f tBuD;tus,f
jyKMuonfwGif OD;zkef;ausmfwdkU\ vkyfief;rSm zGHjzdK;BuD;yGm;jcif; &SdcJhav\/ xdkUjyif OD;zkef;ausmfwdkU\ wdkuftdrfrSm
tawmftwef us,f0ef;onf jzpfaomaMumifh ausmufukefonfrsm; wnf;cdkEdkifavmuf½HkrQ ru rkd;ukwfNrdKUrS
bk&m;zl;ajrmf&ef vma&mufolwdkUvJ 10 &uf 15 &uf ponfjzifh ¤if;wdkufay:wGif aexdkifvsuf oifhavsmfaom
tcaMu;aiGwdkUudk vnf;aumif;? vufaqmif ypönf;wdkUudk vnf;aumif; ay;urf;Muonf jzpfaomaMumifh
¤if;wdkufrSm wpfenf;tm;jzifh rdk;ukwfom;rsm; twGuf [kdw,fBuD; wpfckozG,f jzpfavonf/
OD;zkef;ausmf aoqHk;NyD;aemuf a':odef;&ifonf t&G,fvJ i,f? om;orD;vJ rusef&pf jzpfaomaMumifh aemufxyf
tdrfaxmifjyK&ef vG,fulcJhonf jzpf&m aemufa,musfm;rSm vlabmfausmh jzpfí tdyfum pm;um vnfywfum
jzifhomvQif tcsdef ukefvGefap&um; a':odef;&ifonf yxra,musfm;\ vkyfief;udk rdrdomvQif qufvufvkyfudkif
cJh&av\/ yxyürl rdwfa[mif;jzpfaom rdk;ukwfom;wdkUonf a&S;,cif OD;zkef;ausmf &SdpOftcg uJhodkUyif xkdtdrfü
wnf;cdka&mif;0,fjcif; jyKMuonfjzpfí vkyfief;onf wdk;wufjcif; r&Sdapumrl qkwf,kwfysufjym;onf [lí
rqdkEkdifonf jzpf&m rsm;rMumrD twGif;ü ysufjym;qkwf,kwf&ef taMumif;rsm; jzpfay:vmcJhav\/
wpfaeUoü rdk;ukwfNrdKUrS ausmufukefonfBuD; wpfOD;onf tzdk;wefausmufeD tajrmuftjrm;ESifh a':odef;&if \
aetdrfodkU qdkufa&mufvm&m a':odef;&ifonf *kPft&nftcsif;ESihf jynfhpHkaom ¤if;{nfhonftm; rdrd\ wdkuf
wwd,txyfwGif taumif;qHk;aom tcef;udk wnf;cdkaexdkif&ef jyifqifí ay;av\/ a':odef;&if\ a,musfm;

udkbarmfonf a&S;,cifuvma&mufwnf;cdkaom{nfhonfrsm;udkrl rsm;pGm*½kjyKzl;onfr&SdbJ þausmufukefonfBuD;
tm;rl rdwfuRrf;w0ifjzpfatmif pum;ajymqdkvsuf ygvmaom ausmuf½dkif;rsm;ESifh wuG aoG;NyD; ausmufrsm;udk
awmif;,l Munfh½Ivsuf? tzdk;EIef;wdkUudk cefUrSef;jzwfqdkvsuf &SdcJhav\/
tqdkyg ausmufukefonfBuD; qdkufa&mufNyD;aemuf ig;&ufcefU Mumaomtcg vuG,ftzdwfaeU jzpfav&m
ausmufukefonfBuD;onf xdknOfUü tcgwdkif;uJhodkU udkbarmfESifh NrdKUwGif;odkU vnfywfjcif; rjyKbJ
acgif;tenf;i,fudkufonf[k ajymNyD;vQif rdrd\ tdyfcef;odkU cyfapmapmyif 0ifav\/ ¤if; wwd,txyfüum;
tdrfcef;ESpfcef;rQ &Sdav&m wpfcef;rSm tjcm;{nfhonf r&SdbJ wpfcef;üomvQif ausmufukefonfBuD; tdyfav\/
vuG,faeU eHeufü tapcH omOD;onf rdrd jyKNrJ jzpfonfhtwdkif; umzDESifh aygifrkefUrsm;udk wdkufay: odkU
,loGm;av&m ausmufukefonfBuD; rxao;onfudk jrifonfESifh umzDcGufESifh aygifrkefUudk pm;yJGwpfckay:ü
wifxm;cJhNyD;vQif wdkufatmufodkU qif;oGm;av\/ 15 rdepfcefU Mumaomtcg omOD;onf umzDcGufrsm;udk
odrf;qnf;&ef wdkufay: odkU wufvm&m umzDcGufrsm;rSm rdrdxm;cJhonfh twdkif; &Sdonfhjyif ausmufukefonfBuD;\
tcef;rSmvJ rzGifhao;bJ &Sdaeonfudk awGU&Sd&av\/ tcgwdkif;ürlum; ausmufukefonfBuD;onf rdk;vif;onfESifh
wjydKifeuf tdyf&mrS xNrJjzpfaMumif;udk omOD; od&SdonfESifh aexdkifraumif;í rxao;bJ &Sdaeoavm[k
ar;jref;pHkprf;&ef tcef;wHcg;udk acgufav&m tcef;wGif;rS rnfonfhtoHrS rMum;&bJ &Sdaeav\/ xdktcg
omOD;onf tenf;i,f pdk;&drfruif; &Sdonfjzpf&m tcef;wHcg;udk cyfjyif;jyif;acgufvsuf ac:iifjyefav&m
tcef;wGif;ürlum; a&S;enf;twl wdwfqdwfpGm &SdaeonfudkomvQif awGU&jyefav\/ xdktcg omOD;onf
pdk;&drfonfxuf pdk;&drfjcif; tm;BuD;vmonf jzpfí wdkufatmufodkU qif;NyD;vQif a':odef;&if tm;
tusdK;taMumif;udk ajymjyav\/
udkbarmfrSmrl xdktcsdeftcgü tjyifodkU oGm;a&muf vnfywfaecdkuf jzpfojzifh wdkufatmufü r&Sdacs/
a':odef;&ifonf omOD; ajympum;udk Mum;&vQif ausmufukefonfBuD;rSm ntcguvnf; acgif;udkufonf?
,ckrSmrl xl;&efudkrQ rwwfEdkifatmif tonf;toef zsm;emíyif aeavoavm[k ysm,D;ysm,m omOD;ESifhtwl
wdkufay:odkU wufvmNyD;vQif wHcg;udk cyfjyif;jyif; aqmihfí acgufav\/ odkU&mwGif tcef;wGif;üum; qdwfjidrf
vsufyif &Sdaeav\/
tcef;zGJUxm;aom ysOfwdkUrSm wdkuf\ trdk;odkU wdkifatmif xda&mufav&um; tcef;wGif;odkU wHcg;rS wpfyg; ausmfí
wuf&ef enf;vrf; rjrifonf jzpfaomaMumifh a':odef;&ifonf omOD;tm; wHcg;udk udk,fapmif;wdkufí
twif;zGifhap&m oHk;BudrfrQ wkdufrdaomtcg wHcg;onf ½kwfw&uf yGifhoGm;NyD;vQif tcef;wGif;ü aMumufrufzG,f
tjcif;t&mudk awGUjrif&onfESifh a':odef;&ifrSm rsufESmudk vuf0g;ESifh tkyfum ]u,fawmfrlMuyg} [k [pfatmfvsuf
&Sdav\/ xdkUaemufrS a':odef;&ifonf tBuH&onfESifh wdkufatmufodkU qif;ajy;cJhí w,fvDzkef;ESifh XmemodkU
taMumif;Mum;av&m XmemtkyfESifh ykvdyft&m&Sd ESpfa,mufwdkUvJ wdkufodkU a&mufvmMuav\/ ykvdyft&m&Sdrsm;
a&mufvmMuaomtcg a':odef;&if rSm rnfodkUrQ rajymEdkifbJ &ifbwfudk pHkxkvsuf ]tusdK;enf;ygNyDawmh ?
tusdK;enf;ukefygNyDawmh} [lí omvQif a&&Gwfjrnfwrf;vsuf &Sd&m ykvdyft&m&SdwdkUonf omOD;udk ac:í wdkufay:
odkU oGm;a&mufMunfh½IMuonfwGif atmufyg tjcif;t&mrsm;udk awGUjrifMu&av\/
tcef;wGif;ü oHckwif\ ajc&if;wdkifudk rSDvsuf ausmufukefonfBuD;onf Murf;ay:ü 'l;axmufvsuf &Sd&m
oHckwifudk umvsuf&Sdaom uefUvefUumwpfck\ BudK;ponf ausmufukefonfBuD;\ vnfyif;udk uGif;avQm
csnfvsuf &Sdav\/ ausmufukefonfBuD;\ rsufESmrSm a&mif,rf;vsuf jymief;ief;&Sdav&m rsufvHk;wdkUonf
aygufuGJí xGufrwwf jyL;NyD;vQif vQmonf ar;aphudk ausmfatmif wGJ&GJusvsuf &Sdae&um; ykvdyft&m&SdwdkUyifvQif
yxrü tjrifqdk;vSojzifh rsufESmvTJvsuf &SdMuav\/ ¤if;aemuf ykvdyft&m&SdwkdUonf BudK;udk ajzNyD;vQif
q&m0efudk ac:iifí tcef;udkvnf; aocsmpGm arTaESmufMunfh½IMu&m ¤if;wdkU\ xifjrifcsufrSm tcef;onf
a&TOa'gif;
twGif;rS ydwfvsuf&Sdonf jzpfaomaMumifh ausmufukefonfBuD;onf olwpfyg;\ vHkUv ya,m*aMumifh

aoqHk;&jcif; r[kwf? rdrd\ udk,fudk rdrd BudK;qGJcsí aoqHk;&Smjcif; jzpfaMumif;ESifh xGufqdk Muav\/ odkU&mwGif
ykvdyfom; wpfa,mufu Xmemtkyftm; ]aowJhvl[m awmfawmf pdwfwif;wJhvl q&ma&U? wu,fqdkawmh
olUajcaxmufESifh Murf;ESifh rDaevsufom;ESifh ajcaxmufudk wrif raxmufbJxm;wm tHhMop&myJ q&m? uRefawmfh
vdkjzifh vnfyif;u enf;enf;tpfvmvQif ajcaxmufu Murf;udk axmufvdkufrSmyJ q&m&JU} [kajymaomtcg
Xmemtkyfu ]aocsifwJhvludk;uGJU? rif;vdk ao&rSm aMumufwJhvl r[kwfbJudk;} [k jyefajymav\/
¤if;aemuf q&m0ef a&mufvmaomtcg xHk;pHtwdkif; prf;oyfMunfh½INyD;vQif aoolrSm avrGef;í aoqHk;jcif;
jzpfaMumif;? aoonfrSm tenf;qHk;tm;jzifh 5 em&D? 6 em&D cefUrQ &SdNyD jzpfaMumif;ESifh xGufqdkNyD;vQif Xmemtkyf
xifjrifonfhtwdkif; udk,fhudk,fudk owfaojcif;yif jzpf[efwlaMumif;ESifh ajymqdk&m tavmif;udk aq;½HkBuD;odkU
,loGm;av\/
¤if;aemuf wpfvcefUrQ Mumjyefaomtcg a':odef;&if\ wdkufoHk;xyfwGif txufyg tjcif;t&mESifh xyfwlxyfrQ
jzpfaom aMumufrufzG,f tjcif;t&mwpfck jzpfay: jyefav\/ xkdtcsdeftcgü rdk;ukwfrS ausmufukefonfrsm;onf
tajrmuftjrm; pk½Hk;vma&mufMuí a':odef;&if\ wdkufü wnf;cdkvsuf&SdMu&m tm;vHk;aom tcef;wdkUrSm
jynfhESufvsuf ausmufukefonfBuD; aoqHk;íoGm;aom tcef;wpfcef; omvQif vGwfvyfvsuf &Sdav\/ vuG,f
tzdwfaeUüum; aemufxyf {nfhonf wpfa,muf qdkufa&mufí vmjyefav&m xdktcef;\ tjzpftysufudk
Mum;zl;aom {nfhonf wpfa,mufu aemufa&mufvmoltm;
]onfhjyif tcef;awmh tdyfp&m r&Sdbl; q&mBuD;a&U? ausmufukefonf OD;jroD; aooGm;wJh tcef;yJ tdyfp&m
&Sdawmhw,f? cifAsm; tdyf0Hh yghrvm;}
]bmvdkU rtdyf0Hh&ovJ As? vlaovQifaum bmjzpfovJ? vlraozl;wJh tcef;&,fvdkU b,frSm&SdrvJAs}
]tdyf0HhvQifvnf; aumif;yg&JUAsm? usKyfwkdUawmh [dkbuftcef;u tdyfwmawmif awG;rdvQif MuufoD; xrdao;w,f}
]cifAsm;wdkUu e*dk aMumufaewJh vludk;As? usKyfwdkUawmh MuufoD;vJ rxwwfbl;? usKyf tdyfygr,f}
aemufa&mufvmaom {nfhonfonf owdåaumif;aom vlwpfa,muf jzpfonfESifh ¤if;tcef;odkU 0ifítdyf&m
vuG,faeU eHeufodkU vif;aomtcgü ausmufukefonf OD;jroD;\ enf;wl ckwifwdkifudk rSDvsuf Murf;ay:ü ajcudk
auG;vsuf 'l;axmufum BudK;qGJcsí aoqHk;vsuf&Sdonfudk awGU&SdMu&onf jzpfaomaMumifh tdrfom;rsm;ESifh
{nfhonfrsm;yg zdefUzdefUwkefrQ aMumuf&GHUvsuf &SdMuav\/
xkdtcg ykvdyft&m&SdwdkUESifh q&m0efBuD;vnf; tavmif;udk vma&muf prf;oyfMunfh½I&m ykvdyft&m&SdwdkUu
udk,fhudk,fudk BudK;qGJcsí aojcif;jzpfonf[k rSwfxifaomfvnf; wpfcef;wnf;ürl ESpfa,mufrQ wpfvtwGif;
jzpfysufjcif;rSm twefi,fxl;qef;aMumif;ESifh ajymjyaomtcg q&m0efBuD;u vlwdkU\ pdwfrSm tvGef
xl;qef;aMumif;? wpfOD;aom olü jzpfzl;aom pdwfonf aemufwpfOD;tm; vHIUaqmf wdkufwGef;bdouJhodkU
jzpfwwfaMumif;? vlwdkU rnfonfrSm aoab;udk aMumuf&GUHNrJ "r®wm rSefaomfvnf; tvGefjrifhrm;aom awmifwpfck
\ xdyfrS jzpfap? taqmuftOD;BuD;wpfck\ tpGeftzsm;rS jzpfap &yfvsuf atmufodkU Munfhrdaomtcg
ckefícsvdkufcsifaom pdwfonf tcsdKUaomolwdkUü ½kwfw&uf jzpfay:ívmwwfaMumif;? rD;&xm;onf teD;odkU
ckwfvmaom tcg udk,fudk ypfvSJí tBudwfcHvdkaompdwfonf jzpfay:vmwwfaMumif;rsm;ESifh Oyrm aqmifí
jyNyD;vQif ,ckaoqHk;olrSmvJ ,cifu ausmufukefonfBuD;\ enf;wl rdrd ya,m*aMumifh rdrd aoqHk;&Smjcif;
jzpfrnfxifaMumif;ESifh xifjrifcsuf ay;í xHk;pHtwdkif; tavmif;udk aq;½HkodkU aqmif,lapav\/
xkdtdrfü wnf;cdkaom {nfhonf taygif;wdkUrSmrl tvGefw&m aMumuf&GHUwkefvIyfjcif; jzpfMuNyD;vQif xdkaeUtwGif;yif
&yf&GmodkU jyefvnfoGm;a&mufMu½HkrQru a'oodkU a&mufaom tcgüvnf; raumif;aom owif;udk vTifhMuonf
jzpfaomaMumifh tjcm;aom ausmufukefonfwdkUonf vnf;aumif;? bk&m;zl; oGm;a&mufaom olwdkUonf

vnf;aumif; a':odef;&if \ wdkufü wnf;cdkjcif; rjyKMuojzifh a':odef;&if rSm 0ifaiG enf;yg;vsuf &SdcJhav\/
a':odef;&if onf a&S;tcgu uJhodkU rdrd\tdrfü ukefonf t0iftxGuf rpnfum;onf jzpfí rnfodkUjyK&rnfrod?
pdwfnpfnL;vsuf xdktcef;ü wpfn tdyf0Hholtm; aiGwpf&musyfudk vufiif;xkwfí ay;rnf[k ajymqdkavh&Sdonf
jzpf&m wpfaeUoü XmemtkyfESifh vdkufygvmzl;aom ykvdyfom;uav; wpfa,mufonf a':odef;&if\ wdkufodkU
0ifvmí
vdyf/ /]a':a': uRefawmf owif; wpfck Mum;w,f? t[kwfvm; a':a':}
&if/ /]bmygvdrfh armif}
vdyf/ /][kdtcef;rSm wpfn tdyf0HhwJhvludk aiGwpf&m ay;r,fqdk}
&if/ /]ay;ygr,f armif&,f? armif tdyf0HhvdkUvm;}
vdyf/ /]uRefawmfu wapävnf; aMumufwJh taumif r[kwfbl;? o&Jvnf; aMumufwJh taumif r[kwfbl;?
t&ufwpfykvif;ESifh aiGwpfq,fom ay;ygAsm? uRefawmf tdyfyghr,f}
xdktcg a':odef;&ifonf t&ufzdk;aiGESifh aiGwpfq,fudk ykvdyfom;uav;tm; 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om ay;vdkufav&m
ykvdyfom;uav;onf xdknOfUü t&ufykvif;udk ayGUvsuf ¤if;tcef;ü tdyf&ef wdkufodkU vma&mufav\/
a':odef;&ifESifh udkbarmfwdkUonfvnf; tjrnf;rsm;udkyif 0,fcsrf;í ay;NyD;vQif tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifap&m ykvdyfom;
uav;onf 0uftlacsmif;rsm;udk vufwpfzufrS udkifvsuf t&ufykvif;udk vufwpfzufrS ayGUNyD;vQif &Tifysaom
trlt&mESihf tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifoGm;NyD;aemuf wHcg;udk ydwfvdkufav\/
xdknOfUü a':odef;&ifonf udkbarmfudk ac:í ykvdyfom;uav; twGuf pdk;&drfruif; jzpfonfESifh wHcg;aygufodkU
oHk;av;BudrfrQ vma&mufacsmif;ajrmif;í em;axmif&m twGif;rS a[mufoHudk Mum;&ojzifh aumif;rGefpGm tdyf&modkU
0ifMuav\/
eHeufrdk;vif;ojzifh a':odef;&ifonf wdkufay: odkY wufoGm;aom tcg ykvdyfom;uav;onf tdyf&mrS Edk;NyD;jzpfí
ykdUvmaom umzDESifh aygifrkefUwdkUudk jrdef,SufpGm pm;aomuf&if; ]uRefawmfawmh oufouf tacsmif aumfwmyJ
a':a':a&U? aiGwpfq,fvJ &ao;? t&ufwpfykvif;vJ aomuf&ao;? jcifrudkuf bmrudkuf arGU&mxlxlESifhvJ
tdyf&ao;? onfhxufaumif;wJh tvkyf bm&Sdao;ovJ a':a': onfvdkrsm; tdyf&r,f qdkvQif uRefawmfawmh
nwdkif; tdyfcsifyg&JUAsm} [k ajymav\/
ykvdyfom;uav; jyefí oGm;aomtcg a':odef;&ifonf xdktcef;\ raumif;owif; yaysmufapjcif;iSm rdrd\
tdrfeD;yg;csif;wdkUtm; ykvdyfom;uav; tdyfíoGm;aomfvnf; rnfodkUrQ rjzpfbJ aumif;aumif;rGefrGef acsmacsm
armarm jyefíoGm;aMumif;ESihf ajymqdkaom tcg tdrfeD;csif;wdkUu OD;acgif;udk ,rf;vsuf
]tdyf0HhrSmaygh&Sif? vuG,faeUrS r[kwfbJudk;? &Sifhvl owdå&SdvQif vuG,ftzdwfaeUnudk vmNyD; tdyfprf;ygapvm;? olrS
raovQif b,folaoOD;rSmvJ &Sifh} ponfjzifh ajymMujyefaomtcg a':odef;&ifrSm pdwfav;NrJwdkif; av;jyefav\/
odkUjzpfaomaMumifh tcsdKUaomolwdUk u ¤if;wdkufudk a&mif;csí a&TUajymif;aexdkif&ef tBuHay;Muaomtcg
a&mif;vdkaom ypönf;wdkUrSm tzdk;aumif;pGm r&onfh tjzpfudk od&Sdí tqrwef avQmhaygha&mif;csjyefvQifvJ epfem
qHk;½HI;rnf rkcsjzpfaomaMumifh a':odef;&ifonf wdkufudk ra&mif;bJ emrnfqdk; aysmufatmif jyKvkyftHh [líomvQif
tBuHjyKvsuf &Sdav\/
vuG,f tzdwfaeUü a':odef;&if onf ykvdyfXmemodkU oGm;a&mufí ,cifu ykvdyfuav;tm; ar;jref;&m
tcefUoifhyif awGU&Sdav\/
vdyf/ /]bmvJ a':a' : uRefawmf tdyfapcsifjyefvdkUvm;}
a&TOa'gif;
&if/ /]onfuaeU wpfn armif tdyf0HhvQif tdyfprf;ygOD; armif&,f}

vdyf/ /(vuf0g;ESpfbufudk yGwfvsuf) ]aumfjyefNyDAsdKU? wpfn r[kwfbl;? q,fn tdyfapcsif tdyfr,f? onfaps;om
ay;? t&ufwpfykvif;ESifh aiGwpfq,f [kwfp}
xdknü ykvdyfom;uav;onf 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om vma&muf tdyfpufav&m eHeufvif;onfh tcgü a':odef;&if
onf wdkufay: odkU wufoGm;aom tcg ,ciftcgu uJhodkU ykvdyfom;uav;onf umzD aomufvsuf r&SdbJ
tcef;onf ydwfaeonfudk awGUjrif&av\/ xdktcg a':odef;&ifonf tcef;wHcg; teD;odkUrQ oGm;a&mufjcif;iSm
r0HhbJ wdkufatmufodkU ajy;vmNyD;vQif omOD;ESifh udkbarmfwdkUudk ac:NyD;rS wdkufay: odkU wufav\/ omOD;ESifh
udkbarmfwdkUvJ tcef;wHcg;udk ESpfa,mufom; uefaMumuf zGifhvSpfMuonfwGif ykvdyfom;uav;onf ,cifu
ESpfa,mufaom olwdkU\tvm; BudK;qGJcsum aovsuf&Sdonfudk awGU&SdMu& jyefav\/
xkdtcgürlum; t*Fvdyfowif;pm? jrefrmowif;pm taygif;wdkUu ]wapäajcmufaom tcef;taMumif; [lí
vnf;aumif;? ]erdwfraumif;aom tdrfBuD;taMumif;} [lívnf;aumif; acgif;wyfvsuf &efukefNrdKUBuD; twGif;
jzpfygvsuf rBuHKzl; rMum;zl;avmufatmif xl;qef;tHhMozG,f&m aumif;aom tjcif;t&mrsm; jzpfyGm;&jcif;
taMumif;rsm;udk tus,fw0ifh xkwfazmfa&;om;vsuf &SdMuavukef\/ tcsdKUowif;pmwdkUuvJ xkdtdrfonf
ykPÖuwkdufjcif; jzpfrnf xifonf [lívnf;aumif;? tcsdKUuvJ ajrcH raumif;aomaMumifh jzpfonf
[lívnf;aumif;? tcsdKUuvJ wdkufwnfpOf tcgu tkwfrsm; 0,f,lonfhtcg bk&m;ysuf ausmif;ysufrsm;u
tkwfrsm; ygonf [lívnf;aumif; tenf;enf; tzHkzHk awG;awm a&;om;vsuf wkdufudk jzdKíypfoifhonf
[lívnf;aumif;? y&dwf&Gwfí ur®0g zwf&rnf [lívnf;aumif; trsdK;trsdK; tBuHay;vsuf &SdMuav\/
ya,m*q&m wpfa,muf? ESpfa,mufwdkUvJ aygufvmí xdktcef;ü o&Jatmif;onf obufatmif;onf ponfjzifh
ajymqdkí o&J obufrsm;udk ESifxkwf&ef rdrdwdkUwwfEdkifaMumif;ESifh <um;0gum aiGrsm;udk ñSpf,lMuav\/
xdktawm twGif; a':odef;&if rSm wpfenf;aumif;Edk;? wpfenf;aumif;Edk;ESifh enf;rsdK;pHk jyKvkyfygaomfvJ
aMumuf&GUHjcif; rajyaysmufEdkifatmif &SdcJhav\/
wpfaeUoü toufESpfq,fausmf oHk;q,feD;yg;&Sd pHkaxmufaygufp wpfa,mufonf a':odef;&if\ tdrfodkU
vma&mufí rdrdonf xkdtcef;\ t½IyftaxG;udk &Sif;vif;EkdifaMumif;ESifh ajymqdkNyD;vQif tcef;udk Munfh½IpHkprf;&ef
tcGifhawmif;av\/ xdktcgüum; a':odef;&ifrSm xkdtcef;taMumif;ESifhywfoufí pdwfnpfnL;vSNyD jzpfaomaMumihf
rajymcsif ajymcsif vufcHpum;ajymvsuf &Sdonfjzpf&m xkdolu tBudrfBudrf tzefzef tcGifhawmif;onf
jzpfaomaMumihf ¤if;tcef;\ aomhrSm XmemtkyfxH ay;tyfíxm;aMumif;? xdktcef;udk rnfolrQ r0if&ef
rSmxm;cJhaMumif;? tu,fí t½IyftaxG;udk &Sif;vif;vdkcJhrl XmemtkyfxH oGm;a&muf cGifhawmif;í ¤if;xHrS aomhudk
awmif;cJhEdkifaMumif;ESifh ajymqdkav\/
xdktcg xdkolonf XmemtkyfxHodkU oGm;a&mufNyD;vQif Xmemtkyftm; tusdK;taMumif; ajymjy&m Xmemtkyfonf
xkdolajymaom pum;rsm;udk em;axmifNyD;aemuf q&m0efwpfa,mufudk ac:í xdkoltm; prf;oyfppfaq;apav\/
q&m0efvnf; xkdolrSm vl½l;r[kwf? usef;usef;rmrm &SdaMumif;ESifh tppfcHonfwGif Xmemtkyfonf xdkoltm;
trSefrkcs xkdt½IyftaxG;udk &Sif;vif;&ef tBuHwpfck&Sdaomol wpfa,mufjzpfonf[k oabm &&SdcJhav\/ odkU&mwGif
Xmemtkyfonf xdktcef;odkU 0ifa&muftdyfpufcGifh rjyKrD tdrfatmufü &Sdaom w,fvDzkef;udk ¤if;tcef;odkU a&TUajymif;
wyfqifapvsuf w,fvDzkef;wdkufodkUvnf; ¤if;tcef;rS w,fvDzkef;udk <u½HkrQ jzpfap <ucJhvQif rdrdxH csufcsif;
taMumif;Mum;zdkU taMumif;ESifh rSmxm;av\/ xkdUjyif rddrdonf tjyifodkU oGm;cdkufjzpfí Xmemtkyf r&Sdapumrl
xkdtcef;rS w,fvDzkef; qufcJhvQif csufcsif; oGm;a&mufpHkprf;&ef rdrd\ wynfh pmoiftm; rSmí xm;av\/
xkdtjcif;t&mudk xdkol od&SdawGUjrifaomtcg þuJhodkU jyifqif&jcif;wdkUrSm tydkoufoufrQom jzpfaMumif;? rdrdrSm
aovdkaompdwf enf;enf;rQ r&Sdonfjzpf&m udk,fhudk,fudk owfaornf r[kwfaMumif;? þt½IyftaxG;udk trsm;wdkU
pdwfauseyfatmif wpfcgwnf; &Sif;vif;azmfjyEdkifawmhrnf jzpfaMumif;rsm;ESihf ajymqdkav\/ xkdol\ trnfrSm

armifodef;wef jzpfavownf;/
armifodef;wefonf a&S;OD;pGm 0ifa&muf tdyfpufcGifh &aom aeUonfum; vjynfhausmf 10 &ufaeU jzpfav&m
armifodef;wefonf aeUa&m nOfUyg tcef;wGif;ü atmif;vsuf a':odef;&if ydkUvmaom xrif;ESifh
vufzuf&nfwdkUudkvnf; tcef;wGif;üyif pm;aomufav\/ Xmemtkyfonfvnf; wpfaeUvQif ESpfBudrfoHk;BudrfrQ
w,fvDzkef; qufNyD;vQif tudsK;taMumif; ar;jref;avh&Sd\/ ,if;uJhodkU ar;jref;onfhtcg armifodef;wefu
t½IyftaxG;udk &Sif;vif;EkdifvkNyD jzpfaMumif;ESifh ajzqdkav\/
xkdvonfum; oDwif;uRwfvjzpfí &ufrpHkjzpfaomaMumifh vjynfhausmf 13 &ufaeUonf vuG,ftzdwfaeU
jzpf&um; xkdnOfUü a':odef;&if onf armifodef;weftwGuf rsm;pGm pdk;&drfruif; jzpfav\/ Xmemtkyf
udk,fwdkifrSmvnf; aMumifhMuruif; jzpfonfESifh tcef;wGif;odkU udk,fwdkif 0ifvmNyD;vQif xdknOfUü txl;
owd0D&d,ESifh ae&ef owday;av&m armifodef;wefu jyHK;&,fvsuf rdrdrSm aornfhvlwpfa,muf r[kwfaMumif;ESifh
ajzqdkav\/
vuG,faeU eHeufwdkif a&mufaomtcgüum; armifodef;wefonf tjcm;vloHk;a,mufwdkU\ oGm;&mvrf;odkU
vdkuf&Smjyefav\/ xdkolrsm;\ enf;wl vnfyif;wGif uefUvefUumBudK;jzifh csnfaESmifvsuf&Sd&m ajcaxmufwdkUrSm
auG;vsuf Murf;ay:ü 'l;axmufum aoaeaom tavmif;udk wHcg;zGifhaomtcgü awGU&SdMujyefav\/ ¤if;aemuf
w,fvDzkef;ESifh XmemodkU taMumif;Mum;rnf jyKaomtcg w,fvDzkef;BudK;wdkUrSm jywfvsuf&Sdonfudk awGU&Sd
Mu&av\/ xkdtcg a':odef;&ifonf tapcHomOD;udk XmemodkU oGm;a&mufwdkifwef;ap&m Xmemtkyfonf xdktdrfodkU
vdkufvmí w,fvDzkef;BudK;rsm; jywfvsuf&Sdonfudk jrifojzifh þtrIum; udk,fhudk,fudk owfíaoaom trI
r[kwf? olwpfyg;\ vHkUv ya,m*aMumifh aoqHk;aom trIjzpfaMumif; od&SdonfESifh armiftkef;azxH
taMumif;Mum;av&m armiftkef;azvnf; rBuHwwfonf jzpfí armifpH&Sm;xH ajy;vmcJhjcif; jzpfavonf/
txufyg tjzpftysufwdkUudk jyefajymif;ajymqdk NyD;aemuf armiftkef;azu
]uRefawmfjzifh rBuHwwfatmif jzpfaeNyDAs? tcef;wHcg;vJ ryGifhbl;vdkU ajymw,fAs}
uRefawmf/ /]ryGifhbl;vdkU ajymwmvm;? cifAsm;udk,fwdkif jrifvdkUvm;}
az/ / ]ukd,fwdkifawmh rjrifbl;As? olwdkU tajymyJ}
uRefawmf/ /]armifodef;wefaowm olrsm;owfvdkU aovQif olUt&ifu vlawG aowmaum b,fenf;ESifh
aow,f xifovJ}
az/ /]armifodef;wefa&m? olU t&ifvl oHk;a,mufa&m udk,fhudk,fudk owfaowm r[kwf? olrsm; owfvdkU
aowmcsnf; usKyfxifw,fAs}
uRefawmf/ /]'gjzifh b,fol owfovJAsm}
az/ /]tJh'gaMumifh cufw,f r[kwfvm;? tdrfa&SUrSmawmh jrif;&xm; &yfw,fAsdKU? q&mrsm; jyefvmwm jzpfygapAsm}
xkdcPü wkdufa&SYwGif jrif;&xm;wpfpD;&yfonfh toHudk Mum;ojzifh uRefawmfwdkYonf jywif;aygufrS
arQmfMunfhMu&m armifpH&Sm;onf jrif;&xm;ay:rS qif;vmonfudk awGUMu&ojzihf 0rf;om tm;& jzpfMuav\/
wkdufay: odkU a&mufvmNyD;aemuf armiftkef;azu tusdK;taMumif;udk tusOf;csKyfrQ jyefajymNyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;u
]vmvmcsif; aqmufESifhxGif; qdkwJh pum;yHkvdk jzpfaeygNyDaumAsm? xdkifyJ rxdkif&ao;bl;? trIu
t&ifa&mufESifhaeNyD? udkif; odkUaomf wwfEdkiforQ ulnD&ao;wmyAsm? vm oGm;Mur,f? tavmif;udk jzKwfNyD;NyDvm;}
az/ /]tavmif;awmh jzKwfNyD; aq;½Hk ydkUvdkdufNyD q&ma&U}
a&TOa'gif;
&S m;/ /]aemufusoGm;w,f? odkUaomf &ifrcGJcif rDaumif;ygao;&JUvm;Asm? aq;½Hkudk t&if oGm;MunfhpdkU? aMomf
aeOD;AsdKU? tcef; tajctaeudk Munfhcsifao;w,f? NyD;rSyJ aq;½HkoGm;pdkUAsm}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwdkU oHk;OD;onf u&dvrf;&Sd a':odef;&if\ wkdufodkU oGm;a&mufMu&m armifpH&Sm;onf
tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifa&mufí Murf;ay:ü av;bufwGm;í vnf;aumif;? ckwif\atmufodkU tvsm;arSmufum 0ifí
vnf;aumif;? eH&Hrsm;udk wD;acgufí vnf;aumif; aocsmpGm pHkprf;Munfh½Ivsuf &Sd&m uRefawmfwdkUrSm armifpH&Sm;ü
jyKNrJ "r®wmrQom jzpfojzifh wpfpHkwpfckudk ajc&mcHrdonf? rcHrdonfudk ¤if;\ rsufESmxm;ü rxif&Sm;atmif
&dSaecJhav\/
xdkUaemuf armifpH&Sm;u Munfh½I&ef&SdorQudk MunfhNyD;aMumif; ajymqdkí aq;½HkodkU oGm;a&mufMujyefav&m
tavmif;rSm &ifcGJ½HktwGif;&dS ausmufpm;yGJay:üwifum &ifcGJrnfhqJqJ&Sdaeonfudk awGU&SdMu&av\/ q&m0efBuD;vJ
armifpH&Sm;tm; od&SdNyD; jzpfojzifh tavmif;udk acwÖårQ ppfaq;cGifh jyKav&m armifpH&Sm;onf wpfudk,fvHk;udk
ESHUpyfaocsmpGm Munfh½I NyD;aemuf tHhtm;oifhaom trlt&mESifh vnfyif;udk udkifvsuf
&S m;/ /]udktkef;az onf[m owdxm;rd&JUvm;}
az/ /]bmvJ q&m}
&S m;/ /]vnfyif;u t&mudkav}
az/ /]onf[m BudK;&maygh q&m&JU}
&S m;/ /]BudK;&mawmh [kwfygNyD? odkUaomf t&G,f b,fhES,faeovJ}
az/ /]rajymEkdifbl; q&m}
&S m;/ /]usKyf ajymr,f? BudK;&mudk Munfhprf;? ao;ao;uav;&,f? rD;jcpfqHavmufyJ &Sdr,f [kwfp?
uefUvefUumBudK;u b,favmufwkwfovJ cifAsm; jrifcJhw,f r[kwfvm;}
az/ /]vufr avmuf wkwfw,f q&m}
&S m;/ /]vufr avmufwkwfwJh BudK;ESifh BudK;qGJcsNyD;aowm rD;jcpfqHavmufom BudK;&m xifowJh? b,fhES,f
t"dyÜm,fvJ}
az/ /][kwfygNyD q&ma&U? aoatmifñSpfowfwJh BudK;u wpfacsmif;? csnfxm;wJh BudK;u wpfacsmif; xifw,f
q&ma&U}
&S m;/ /]tppfyJ bmhaMumifh onfvdkvkyfovJ}
az/ /]rodbl; q&m}
uRefawmf/ /]BudK;wpfacsmif;ESifh ñSpfowfNyD; udk,fhudk,fudk BudK;qGJcsw,f xifatmif uefUvefUumBudK;ESifh
tavmif;udk csnfí xm;cJhwm [kwfvm; cifAsm}
&S m;/ /(uRefawmf\ ykcHk;udk ykwfvsuf) ]awmfw,fAsdKU udkodef;armif? olwdkU 0ifvma&m? 0ifvmwJh tcgrSm
armifodef;wefrSm rvIyfr&Sm;EkdifwJh tjzpfa&mufaeNyDAs? onfawmhrS vnfyif;udk BudK;ESifh ñSpfowfNyD; aoNyDqdkawmhrS
tavmif;udk BudK;ESifh csnfxm;cJhwmudk; As? udkif; odkUaomf tcef;udk usKyf wpfcg MunfhcsifjyefNyDAsm? onf;cHNyD;
vkdufcJhMuygOD;Asm}
a':odef;&if tcef;odkU a&mufMujyefaomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf tcef;wGif;ü a&S;uxuf aocsmpGm Munfh½Ijyefav&m
tcef;\axmifhü puúLvHk;uav;wpfckudk awGU&Sd&av\/ xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;onf ¤if;udk aumufí ajzMunfh&m
¤if;rSm pma&;puúLwpf&Gufjzpfí atmufygtu©&mrsm;udk cJwHESifhrxifr&Sm;a&;om;xm;onfudkvnf; awGU&Sd&av\/
]vmNyD? a[m a[m x&Hu vif;vdkU? b,fhES,f [mBuD;ygvdrfh}

uRefawmfwdkUonf armifpH&Sm;\ ykcHk;ay:rS ausmfzwfí xkdpmudk awGUjrif&aomtcg
]b,fola&;wJh pmvJAsm}
&S m;/ /]armifodef;wef a&;wmayghAs}
az/ /]b,fvdk t"dyÜm,f ...}
xkdcPü a':odef;&ifESifh udkbarmfwdkUonf tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifvmMuí rnfodkU xl;jcm;ygao;oenf; [k ar;jref;&m
armifpH&Sm;u armifodef;wef qdkolrSm pdwfuawmufuwuf jzpf[efvu©Pm &SdaMumif;ESifh ajymqdkí udkbarmf\
rsufESmudk pdkufíMunfhNyD;vQif wkdufay:rS qif;vmcJhMuav\/ vrf;c&D;ü armifpH&Sm;onf uRefawmfwdkUtm;
pum;wpfcGef;rQ ajymqdkjcif;r&SdbJ aq;wHudk aomufum jidrfoufpGm vdkufygvmav&um; uRefawmfwkdUrSm
armifpH&Sm;onfum; wpfpHkwpfckudk tBuHxkwfvsuf &SdaMumif; od&SdMuojzifh ar;jref;jcif; rjyKbJ tuJudk omvQif
cwfívmMu&av\/
uRefawmfwkdU\aetdrfodkU qdkufa&mufMuaomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf yufvufukvm;xdkifay:wGifxkdifvsuf aq;wHudk
aomuf&SL&if; jidrfoufpGm &Sdaeao;&m uRefawmfESifh armiftkef;azwdkUrSm ausmif;om;oli,f ESpfa,mufuJhodkU
wpfa,muf\rsufESmudk wpfa,muf Munfhcsnfwpfcg? armifpH&Sm;\ rsufESmudk tuJcwfcsnf wpfvSnfhESifh
&dSaeMuav\/ aemufqHk;ü armifpH&Sm;onf aq;wHudk yg;pyfrS jzKwfNyD;aemuf
&S m;/ /]udkodef;armif [kdtcef;rSm cifAsm; tdyf0Hh&JUvm;}
uRefawmf/ /(MuufoD; xvsuf) ]wpfa,mufwnf;vm;As}
&S m;/ /]usKyfESifhygAsm}
uRefawmf/ /]cifAsm;ESifh qdkvQifawmh wwfEdkif oif;csdKif;ukef;rSm tdyf& tdyf&Asm? tdyf0Hhygw,f}
&S m;/ /]odkYaomf onfuaeU nawmh r[kwfao;bl;As? aemufwpfv MumrS tdyf&r,f}
uRefawmf/ /]cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]onfuaeUn apmifhNyD; tdyfayr,fh olwdkU vmrSm r[kwfbl;As? tcsnf;ESD;aerSmyJ? aemufvuG,f tzdwfaeUrS
tdyfrS awmfr,f}
az/ /]EkdU onftwGif; onftrIudk wef;vef;BuD; xm;&rSmvm; q&m}
&S m;/ /]rxm;vQif b,fhES,fvkyf&rvJAs? usKyfoabmudk cifAsm; odw,f r[kwfvm;? usKyfu vufqkyfvufudkif
wyftyfaocsm rdavmufrS zrf;csifwmudk;As? odkUaomf onfvdk&Sdygw,fav? usKyfu wpfvapmifh&r,f qdkayr,fh
cifAsm;wdkU enf;ESifh cifAsm;wdkU onftwGif;rSm BudK;pm;Ekdifygw,f? rdvQifvJ rda&maygh? rrdvdkU &SdvQifvJ
aemufvuG,faeUrSm onfvlpkudk cifAsm; vufa&mufatmif usKyf tyfraygh}
xdktcg armiftkef;azonfþrQavmuftcsdefwm&SnfpGmapmihfqdkif;&jcif;udkrESpfoufaomfvnf; armifpH&Sm;tm; pDpOf
NyD;aomtvkyfwpfckudk zsufqD;&ef wdkufwGef;jcif;iSm rwwfEkdifonfjzpfaomaMumifh atmihfatmihftD;tD;ESifh wkdufay:rS
qif;oGm;&av\/
xkd&uftawmtwGif; tpdk;&ykvdyfwdkUonf xkdtrIudk ay:aygufatmif BudK;pm;tm;xkwfí axmufvSrf;pHkprf; ygaomf
vnf; ajc&mrcHrdatmif &SdaecJhav\/ odkUjzpfaomaMumifh wefaqmifrkef;vuG,f tzdwfaeUwGif armiftkef;az onf
uRefawmfwdkU&Sd&modkU aygufvmí
&S m;/ /]b,fhES,fvJ udktkef;az? ae&musNyDvm;}
a&TOa'gif;
az/ /]b,furS tpte ray:ygbl; q&m? odyfNyD; *GuswmyJ}

&S m;/ /]'gaMumifh usKyf rajymbl;vm;? odkYaomf onfuaeUnawmh ae&musaumif;yg&JUAsm? usKyf ajymovdkom
vkyfyg}
az/ /]b,fvdkvkyf&rSmvJ q&m }
&S m;/ /]a':odef;&if tdrfESifh reD;ra0; avmufu aeNyD; ykvdyf cyfawmifhawmifh ajcmufa,mufavmuf&,f onfuaeU
n q,fem&D avmufu pNyD; apmihfMuayawmhAsm}
az/ /]NyD;awmhaum q&m}
&S m;/ /]NyD;awmh a':odef;&if wkdufxJu c&mrIwfoH Mum;onfESifh wjydKifeuf wdkufa&SU a&mufatmif ajy;vmNyD;
awmifbufwHcg;u av;a,mufapmifh&r,f? oHk;a,mufu a':odef;&if wkdufay: ajy;wufcJh&r,f? em;vnfvm;}
az/ /]awmifbufwdkufu w½kwfawG aewmvm; q&m}
&S m;/ /][kwfw,f? w½kwfwdkufa&SUuae apmifhNyD; xGufvmorQ vlawGudk tukefzrf;&r,f em;vnfvm;}
az/ /]aumif;ygNyD q&m}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm; vl rsm;rSm vufeuf tjynfhtpHk ygayhapAsaemf? awmfawmfqdk;wJh vlpkawG ? ,D;wD;,m;wm; vkyfvQif
ajcmufvHk;jyL;ESifhom ypfowf Mum;vm;}
az/ /]pdwfcsyg q&m}
&S m;/ /]udkif; cifAsm; jyefayawmh ? 10 em&D xkd;xdk;jcif; a&mufatmifvmcJhaemf}
az/ /]aumif;ygNyD q&m}
udktkef;az qif;oGm;NyD;aemuf
&S m;/ /]udkif;? udkodef;armif? usKyfwdkU onfuaeUn a':odef;&if wdkufrSm tdyfMu&vdrfhr,f? aMumufovm;}
uRefawmf/ /]raMumufygbl;Asm? cifAsm; wpfa,mufvHk; &Sdao;wmuyJ}
&S m;/ /]odkUaomf ? onfvdkAs ? usKyfwdkUu pHkaxmufoabmESifh tdrfudk 0ifzdkU r[kwfbl;? {nfhonf oabmESifh oGm;NyD;
wnf;Mu&r,f}
uRefawmf/ /]b,fvdk {nfhonfvJAs}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm;u tnmom; jzpfawmh rdk;ukwfNrdKUom; a,mifaqmifzdkU rsm;rsm;BuD; rcufygbl; rSwfw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]BudK;pm;&wmyAsm}
&S m;/ /]aumif;ygNyD? cifAsm;u onfuaeUnae rEåÅav;&xm; qkdufwJh tcsdefavmufrSm 0efpnfpv,f ypönf;
tjynfYtpHkESifh rdk;ukwfu vmwJh ausmufukefonfBuD; a,mifaqmifNyD; a':odef;&ifwdkU tdrfudk oGm;wnf;acs?
rdk;ukwfom;ESifh wlatmif pum;udkvJ 0J0Jajym? ausmufukefonfESifh wlatmif ausmufeD cyfrsm;rsm; ygzdkdUawmh usKyf
wm0efxm;? usKyf iSm;NyD;ay;r,f? a&mufwJhtcgrSm tdyfzdkU tcef;ay;awmh ESpfxyfrSmay;vdkU&Sd&if cifAsm;u
tdkufwwfvdkU atmufxyfrSm rtdyfvdk? oHk;xyfrSm tdyfvdkaMumif;ajym? tu,fí olwdkUvifr,m;u oHk;xyfu
taMumif;udk ajymjycJhvdkU &SdvQif onf[mrsdK; t,HktMunf r&SdwJh taMumif;ajym? Mum;vm;}
uRefawmf/ /]aumif;ygNyDAsm? EkdU cifAsm;uaum}
&S m;/ /]usKyfuvJ wpfenf;enf;ESifh a&mufatmif vmr,fayghAsm}
xdkaeUnaeü uRefawmfonf &Srf;abmif;bD? *GrfwHk;tuÐs? pD-tdkif-'D OD;xkyf tp&Sdaom rdk;ukwfom;rsm;

0wfqifwwfaom t0wftpm;rsm;udk armifpH&Sm; oifMum;jyoonfhtwdkif; usepGm 0wfqifNyD;aemuf vufqGJ
om;a&tdwf? oHaowåm? tdyf&mvdyfrsm;yg jrif;&xm;ay:odkU wifí u&dvrf;&Sd a':odef;&if\wdkufodkU oGm;a&muf
av\/
tdrfodkU a&mufaomtcg a':odef;&ifonf tjyifodkUxGufoGm;cdkufjzpfonfESifh udkbarmfonf rdk;ukwfrS qdkufa&muf
vmaom ausmufukefonfwpfa,mufjzpfonf[k Mum;&onfESifh wjydKifeuf aumif;rGefpGm c&D;OD;BudKjyKNyD;vQif
uRefawmfwdkU arQmfvifhonfhtwdkif; oHk;xyfü &Sdaom tcef;wpfcef;odkU uRefawmf\ ypönf;rsm;udk tapcHomOD;tm;
onfydk;a&TUajymif;apav\/ odkU&mwGif ¤if;tcef;rSm BudK;qGJcsíaoaom tcef;r[kwf? ¤if;ESifh ,SOfvsuf&Sdaom
tcef;rQom jzpfavonf/
¤if;aemuf a':odef;&if a&mufvmí tdrf&SifwdkUonf uRefawmftm; npmxrif;rsm;udk aumif;rGefpGm wnfcif;
auR;arG;vsuf &SdMuonf/ tdrfa&SUü um;wpfpD; qdkufa&mufvmojzifh udkbarmfonf oGm;a&mufMunfh½Iav\/
wpfcPrQMumvQif tapcHomOD;onf w½kwfaumfaZmBuD;jzifh vdyfvsuf&Sdaom tdyf&mBuD;rsm;? om;a&
aowåmBuD;rsm;? w½kwfaq;Al;rsm; tp&Sdaom axmifuJBuD;rsm;\ cefUjim;aom toHk;taqmifrsm;udk oGif;vmav&m
¤if;aemufum; ydk;abmif;bD? a&ToD;wyf ouúvyftuÐs? ouúvyfOD;xkyf tp&SdonfwdkUudk 0wfqifvsuf &Sdaom
aygufazmfBuD; wpfa,mufonf 0ifvmav\/ xkdolrSm tjcm;r[kwf? uRefawmf\ rdwfaqG armifpH&Sm;yif
jzpfavonf/ wdkufwGif;odkU a&mufí ukvm;xdkifü xkdifrdavvQif
&S m;/ /]yJES,fvJAs? yGJpm;uD;aum b,fpGm;ovJ}
&if/ /]yGJpm;BuD; qHk;&SmNyD&Sif? axmifuJBuD;u b,fuvJ}
&S m;/ /]armfvNrdKifuyJAs? jzpf&avAsm? yGJpm;uD;ESifh tm;uD; cifwmyJ? b,favmuf MumyD;vJ qHk;wm}
&if/ /]wpfESpfausmfausmfavmuf &SdygNyD&Sif}
&S m;/ /]tdk rodbl;As? jzpf&av tm;uD; 0rf;enf;w,f? armfvNrdKif a&mufwJhtcgrSm yGJpm;uD; uRefawmfwdkU tdrfrSm
wnf;wmyJ? uRefawmfvnf; ausmufaumif;aumif; av;ig;vHk;avmuf vdkcsifwmESifh 0,fzdkUvmcJhw,f? rdk;ukwfu
ausmufukefonfrsm; ra&mufbl;vm;}
&if/ /]&Ekdifygw,f&Sif? &Ekdifygw,f? tcefUoifhyJ rdk;ukwfu ausmufukefonfwpfa,mufvnf; tckyJ a&mufygw,f?
axmifuJBuD; onfrSmyJ wnf;zdkUayghaemf}
&S m;/ /]vrf;rawmfrSm rdwfaqG wpfa,mufawmh &SdwmyJ? yGJpm;uD; r&Sdawmh tm;emvdkU}
&if/ /]tdk b,fu tm;em&rvJ? 0efrav;ygbl;&Sif? uRefrwdkU wdkuf tus,fBuD;yg}
xdkcPü udkbarmfonf axmifuJBuD; odkUr[kwf udkpH&Sm;\ ypönf;rsm;tm; wkdufay: odkU omOD;tm; ,loGm;apí
udk,fwdkif ae&mcsxm;vsuf &Sdav\/
¤if;aemuf a':odef;&ifonf armifpH&Sm;tm; npmxrif;udk uRefawmfESifh twl0ifí pm;aomuf&ef wdkufwGef;av&m?
armifpH&Sm;u rdrdrSm rD;&xm;[kdw,frS pm;aomufcJhNyD; jzpf&m onf;cH&ef awmif;yefav\/
xrif;pm;aomufí NyD;Muaomf uRefawmfonf tuÐsab;tdwfü aqmifí ,lcJhaom ausmufeDrsm;udk a':odef;&if\
a&SUwGif armifpH&Sm;tm; jy&m armifpH&Sm;onf ausmufeD oHk;av;vHk;udk qpfNyD;aemuf aps;wnfhonfESifh aiGrsm;acsí
0,f,lvdkufav\/ xdkUaemuf yGJpm;BuD; OD;zkef;ausmf\ taMumif;rsm;udk qufvufajymqdkMuí twefi,f
nOfUeufaomtcg omOD;onf uRefawmfwdkU ESpfa,muftm; oHk;xyfodkU vdkufí ydkUav\/ armifpH&Sm;\ tcef;rSmrl
BudK;qGJcsí aoaom tcef;yif jzpfav\/
a&TOa'gif;
tapcHomOD; qif;íoGm;aomfvnf; wkdufay:ü "mwfrD;rsm; xGef;vsuf &Sdao;onf jzpfí armifpH&Sm;onf

uRefawmfESifh &if;ESD;pGm pum;rajymao;bJ ,ckrS awGUMuaom oluJhodkU [efvkyfum pum;ajymvsuf &Sd&m 10 em&D
xkd;onfh tcgwGif armifpH&Sm;onf "mwfrD;rsm;udk jidrf;í tdyfcef;odkU 0ifav\/ uRefawmfvnf; armifpH&Sm;\
rsufESmuJ udk &dyfrdí uRefawmf\ tcef;odkU r0ifbJ ¤if;\ tcef;odkU 0ifí vdkufoGm;av\/ tcef;wGif;odkU
a&mufvQif armifpH&Sm;onf wHcg;udk ydwfvsuf "mwfrD;udk zGifhNyD;vQif wD;wdk;avoHjzifh
&S m;/ /]usKyf wGufudef;uav; udkufw,fAsdKU}
uRefawmf/ /]bmwGufudef;vJ Asm}
&S m;/ /]vifBuD;taMumif; vifi,fa&SUrSm ajymvkdU&Sd&if usKyfudk onftcef; ydkUvdrfhr,fqdkwm usKyfwGufNyD;yJAs?
'gaMumifh usKyf a&mufa&mufcsif; OD;zkef;ausmf taMumif; pNyD; ajymw,f r[kwfvm;? tJ'g onftcef;udk usKyfudk
ydkUatmif ajymwmAs}
uRefawmf/ /]ae&musygayhAsm}
&S m;/ /]wdk;wdk; q&ma&U? onfavmuf rus,fapESifh? udkif; udkodef;armif anmif;w,fvdkU ratmif;arhESifh? cifAsm;
onfuaeU usKyfukwifatmufrSm 0ifNyD;apmihf&vdrfhr,f? ajymaeMuma&mh? 0ifayawmhAsm? awmfawmf nOfUeufoGm;NyD?
aeOD; usKyfay;xm;wJh ajcmufvHk;jyL;yg&JUvm;? usKyf rxrcsif; cifAsm; onfatmufu rxGufcJhESifhaemf}
uRefawmf/ /]aumif;ygNyDAsm}
&S m;/ /]aMomf aeOD;AsdKU? uHaumif;vdkU arhvdkufwm Munfhprf;? tcef;wGif;rSmteHUwpfrsdK;wpfrnf xl;xl;qef;qef;
&cJhvdkU&SdvQif teHU&&csif;a[m'gESifh ESmacgif;0rSm qdkUxm;NyD; touf&SLwJhtcgrSm yg;pyfESifh r&SLESifh? ESmacgif;ESifh
&SLaemf Mum;vm;} [k ajymNyD;vQif armifpH&Sm;onf pdrf;a&Ta&TteUH&Sdaom 0g*Grf;tenf;i,fudk uRefawmftm;
ay;tyfav\/ uRefawmfonf 0g*Grf;udk tuÐstdwfwGifxnfhNyD;vQif ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewfudk udkifvsuf armifpH&Sm;
apcdkif;onfh twdkif; ckwifatmufodkU 0ifí 0yfwGm;rdonfESifh wjydKifeuf armifpH&Sm;onf "mwfrD;udk jidrf;vdkuf
ojzifh wpfcef;vHk; arSmiftwdusNyD;vsuf &Sdaeav\/
xkdtcg uRefawmfrSm rnfodkUaom ab;&efrsdK;onf rnfonfht&yfrS vmrnfudk rod&SdbJ armifpH&Sm;udkom
tm;xm;vsuf rsufpdrdSwfum apmifhae&onfjzpf&m wpfcgwpf&H uRefawmf\ajcaxmufudk qGJudkifawmhrnfuJhodkU
vnf;aumif;? ausmudk vufat;BuD;ESifh prf;vkdufawmhrnfuJhodkU vnf;aumif; pdwfü xifrSwfrdav\/
yxrürlum; wkdufa&SUvrf;ay:rS vloGm;vlvmwdkdU\ toHrsm;udk Mum;&ao;onf jzpf&m wpfem&DcefUrQMumvQif
wpf&yfvHk; wdwfqdwfvsuf tdrfoltdrfom;wdkdUrSmvnf; vIyf&Sm;jcif;r&Sd jzpfav&um; uRefawmfwdkU\
touf&SLoHrsm;udk vnf;aumif;? tcef;jyif&Sdem&DBuD;rS ]a'guf-a'guf-a'guf} ESifh rSefrSefjrnfvsuf&Sdaom pufoHudk
vnf;aumif; xif&Sm;pGm Mum;&av\/
¤if;em&DBuD;rS 12 em&Dxkd;oH Mum;&aomtcgü uRefawmfrSm anmif;nmaeNyD jzpfaomfvnf; ae&mudkrQ a&TUajymif;
jyifqifjcif;iSm r0HhbJ jidrf0yfpGm ukyfvsuf&SdcJh&m wpfcPrQMumvQif tcef;eH&HrS acsmufceJ jrnfoHwpfckudk
Mum;&ojzifh uRefawmf\&ifxJü 'def;ceJ jzpfí oGm;av\/ xdktcg uRefawmfrSm vufay:üar;wifvsuf armifpH&Sm;
&Sd&modkU cefUrSef;Munfh&SKvsuf&Sd&m armifpH&Sm;\ rsufESmonf ½kwfw&ufvif;í oGm;NyD;vQif ESm0üum; 0g*Grf;
qdkUvsuf &Sdonfudk awGUjrif&av\/ aemufwpfcPü tarT;wdkif\ teHUuJhodkU cyfoif;oif;&Sdaom teHUwpfrsdK;udk
uRefawmfcHpm;&av&m uRefawmfonf armifpH&Sm;ay;xm;aom 0g*Grf;udk ESmacgif;üqdkUvsuf ¤if;\ rsufESmudk
pdkufíMunfhaepOf armifpH&Sm;rSm rsufpdrsm;arS;í oGm;NyD;vQif tdyfcsifaomolwpfa,muf uJhodkU OD;acgif;onf a&SUodkU
wjznf;jznf; ñGwfí oGm;av\/ xkdtjcif;t&mudk uRefawmfawGUjrifaomtcg uRefawmfonf ukwifatmufrS
xGufvdkvSaomfvnf; armifpH&Sm;u rdrd rxrcsif; ukwifatmufrS rxGuf&ef rSmxm;onfESifh rxGuf0HhbJ
&dSaecJhav\/
xkdcPü armifpH&Sm;\ wpfudk,fvHk;onf vif;onfxufvif;í vmcJh&m uRefawmfonf tvif;a&mifvm&m

t&yfodkU arQmfMunfhonfwGif tvif;a&mifonf tkwfx&H&Sd&m t&yfrS vma&mufí tkwfx&HrSm tvsif; r&Sdawmh
onfh tjzpfudk awGUjrif&ojzifh yg;pyf[um tHhtm;oifhvsuf&Sdav\/ xkdtcg uRefawmfonf armifpH&Sm;udk
rMunfhbJ tvif;a&mif vm&mt&yfodkU pdkufai;um Munfhaerd&m abmif;bDyG tuÐsyGBuD;rsm;udk 0wfqifvsuf&Sdaom
w½kwfvlrsdK; wpfa,mufonf ajcum;,m; vufum;,m; vkyfvsuf rnDnmaom oGm;rsm;udk NzJjyNyD;vQif
txufoGm;ESifh atmufoGm;wdkU wqwfqwf jrnfatmif ½dkufvsuf ta&mifwvufvufxGufaom rsufpdrsm;ESifh
armifpH&Sm;udk jyL;vkru jyL;atmif NzJMunfhNyD;vQif armifpH&Sm;\ teD;odkU wjznf;jznf; wa&GUa&GU avQmufvmcJh&m
armifpH&Sm;rSm pdwfñSdKUjcif; cH&olwpfa,muf uJhodkU rwkefrvIyf &Sdaeav\/ xkdol\ aemufüum; w½kwfvlrsdK;
oHk;a,muf av;a,mufwdkUonf wpfa,mufaom ol\vufüum; ydk;BudK;jzifh uspfxm;aom uGif;avQm wpfck
yg&Sdvsuf tjcm;olwdkU\ vufüum; vufESdyf"mwfrD;rsm; yg&dSav\/ uGif;avsmudk udkifvsuf&Sdaom olonf
armifpH&Sm;\ teD;odkU a&mufí vnfyif;udk uGif;pGyfrnf jyKonfESifh wjydKifeuf armifpH&Sm;onf vufacgufudk
ajcmufvHk;jyL; taESmifhESifh aqmifhí xkdif&mrS xav&m uRefawmfvnf; ukwifatmufrS wdk;í xGufvmav\/
xkdtcgürlum;wpfcef;vHk;arSmifíoGm;NyD;vQif armifpH&Sm;\c&mrIwfoHwdkUudkvnf;aumif;? ajcmufvHk;jyL;rSusnfqHrsm;
xGufonfhtoHudk vnf;aumif;? Murf;ay:ü vltajrmuftrsm; ajy;vTm;onfh ajcoHwdkUudk vnf;aumif;? wHcg;udk
ajcESifh uefaMumufí zGifhonfhtoHwdkUudk vnf;aumif; w&TD&TD w0D0D w'kef;'kef; w'dkif;'dkif; ESifh qlnHpGm
&SdaeonfhtwGif; uRefawmfonf zrf;rdzrf;&m qGJrdqGJ&m vlwpfa,muf\vufudk qGJí zrf;xm;&m wpfa,mufaom
olonf uRefawmf\ajcESpfbufudk qGJí vSJNyD;aemuf wpfa,mufu vufrS ajcmufvHk;jyL;udk vk,lonfudk
od&Sdvdkuf&av\/ xkdcPü tcef;wHcg;onf jzKef;ceJ yGifhvmNyD;vQif vufESdyf"mwfrD;ta&mifonf wdk;0ifvmí
armiftkef;az\ toHjzifh ]q&m q&m} [k ac:í vloHk;av;a,muf 0ifvmMu&m rMumrDtwGif;wGif
w½kwfav;a,mufwdkUonf ykvdyfwdkU\ vufwGif;ü csKyfaESmifNyD; jzpfMuav\/ xkdcPü awmifbufrS
w½kwfwdkufa&SUwGifvnf; qlnHpGm&Sdaom toHwkdUudk Mum;&av&m armifpH&Sm;u ]ulacsOD;rS xifw,f? vmAsm
udktkef;az} [k ajymí armiftkef;azESifh ESpfa,muf qif;í oGm;MuonfwGif uRefawmfESifh ykvdyfom;wdkUrSm
w½kwfrsm;udk apmifhMuyfí ae&pf&av\/ ig;rdepfcefU Mumaomtcg armifpH&Sm;ESifh armiftkef;azwdkUonf
w½kwfav;a,mufudk ESpfa,mufwpfwGJ csKyfvsuf tcef;wGif;odkU oGif;vmMuavownf;/
NyD;ygNyD/
______
a&TOa'gif;
8/ ajrydkif&Sif vifr,m;trI
wpfaeUoü uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wdkUonf wkdufa&SU{nfhcef;wGif xkdifvsuf rsufpdwpfzufvyf toif;trIwGif
pHkaxmufcJh&yHk taMumif;udk pum;pyfrdMuojzifh ajymqdkwkdifyifvsuf &SdaeMu&mrS
&S m;/ /]tckwavmjzifh trIrsm;vJ w,fNyD; yg;&Sm;aejyefNyDAsm? trIopf ray:vmavawmh ta[mif;awG jyefNyD;
pNrHKUjyefaeMu&awmhwmyJudk; udkodef;armifa&U}
uRefawmf/ /]jypfrIjyKr,fhvl r&SdvdkU pHkaxmufp&m r&Sd&ifvJ wdkif;oljynfom;rsm;rSm jidrf;csrf;MuvdkUrdkU
0rf;ajrmufMuzdkUyJ r[kwfzl;vm;Asm}
&S m;/ /]'gawmh [kwfyg&JUAsm? odkUaomfvnf; usKyfrSmawmh [dktxuf jrefrmjynfu v,form; qifrypf&vdkU
v,fudkpGefUNyD; qifaemufvdkufMuovdk jzpfaeNyDAs}
uRefawmf/ /]b,fyHk vdkufwmvJ ajymprf;ygOD;Asm}
&S m;/ /]onfvdkAs? [kdtxuf jrefrmjynf uome,frSm awmifolbm0 vkyfudkifpm;aomuf Mu&wJh v,form;rsm;rSm
v,fawGudk qif½dkif;awGu 0ifNyD; zsufqD;avawmh qifrsm;udk ajcmufzdkU aoewfrsm; ay;xm;owJh? onfawmh
nwkdifus&if qifawG0ifvmrSjzihf v,form;awGu aoewfESifh apmifhNyD; ypfowJh? emwJh qifvJ em? aowJh qifvJ
aooGm;wmayghAsm? 'gESifh onfvdk ypfzefrsm;awmh v,form;awGrSm aoewfypfzdkU 0goemygNyD; v,fxJudk
qifr0if&if wrifvdkufNyD; acsmufoGif;owJhAs}
uRefawmf/ /]aumif;vSNyDaumAsm? cifAsm;rSmvJ vlowfrjzpf&if jzpfatmif vlqdk;awGudk vdkufNyD;
tm;ay;csifao;w,f rSwfw,f} [k ajymaomtcg armifpH&Sm;rSm [uf[ufyufyuf &,farmí
]rajymwwfygbl;Asm? tvH½SL;rsm; xm;&OD; rvdkvdk jzpfaeygNyD} [k ajymqdkí ysif;ysif;&d&dESifh aq;wHudk rD;ñSdav\/
xdktcg uRefawmfonf owif;pmwpfapmifudk aumuf,lí xl;jcm;aom trIrsm; ygcJhvQif armifpH&Sm;tm; jy&ef
tBuHtpnfESifh vSefavSm &SmazGvsuf&SdpOf wkdufa&SUü um;wpfpD; &yfoHMum;&NyD;aemuf uRefawmfwdkU Budrfzefrsm;pGm
Mum;aeMujzpfaom ajcoHonf wkdufay: odkU wufvmonfudk Mum;&aomtcg
uRefawmf/ /]udkif;Asm? cifAsm; qkawmif;jynfhygNyD? wkdufay: wufvmwm udktkef;az ajcoHESifh wlw,f? ajcvSrf;yHk
Mum;&wmvJ wkdifyifp&m trIwpfck &SdyHk vu©Pmwlw,f}
&S m;/ /]udkodef;armif awmfawmf wdk;vmNyD AsdKU}
uRefawmf/ /]q&maumif; wynfhyJAsm}
xkdcPü pHkaxmuftifpydwfawmf armiftkef;azonf ysm,dysm,mESifh tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifvmí
az/ /]tm;aeovm; q&m}

&S m;/ /]tm;wmawmh bmajymaumif;rvJAsm? tm;vGef; tm;BuD;vdkU ysif;rsm;awmif aeNyDaum udk,fhvl&JU?
bmudpörsm;vJ Asm}
az/ /]'gjzifh? uRefawmfESifh uefBuD;axmifh&Gmudk vkdufcJhprf;ygvm; q&m}
&S m;/ /]yJcl;e,fu uefBuD;axmifh&Gmvm; As? usKyfwdkUvJ a&mufzl;ygw,f? bmrIvJAsdKU}

az/ /]vlwpfa,mufawmh aowmyJ q&m? owfvdkUyJ aoovm;? bmomtavsmufyJ aoovm;awmhjzifh
rajymwwfbl;? onfreufyJ aMu;eef;&vdkU rif;BuD;u uRefawmfhudk vTwfaew,f q&m? udkif; odkUaomf vrf;usrSyJ
tusdK;taMumif; ajymyg&apawmh? uRefawmhum;ESifh wpfygwnf; vkdufcJhMuygawmh cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]b,fhES,fvJ udkodef;armif? vkdufEdkifyrvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]pdefvdkufAsm vkdufr,f}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwdkUonf vsifjrefpGm t0wftpm;rsm; vJvS,fMuNyD;vQif wkdufay:rS qif;vmMuí

armiftkef;az\ um;ESifh xGufvmMuojzifh vlolxlxyfaom vrf;rsm;udk ausmfvGefMuNyD;aemuf jynfvrf;wavQmuf
armif;ESifrdMuaom tcg
az/ /]onfvdk q&m&JU? uefaxmifhBuD;&Gmu yifpiftjidrf;pm; ajrpm&if; tifpydwfawmfa[mif; OD;pHx,fqdkwJh
tbdk;BuD;[m raeUu olUtdrfu txGuf wHwm;ay: wufvdkuf&mrSm wHwm;usdK;NyD; acsmif;xJusvdkU ao&Smw,fwJh
q&m}
&S m;/ /]'geJUjzifh bmrS rxl;jcm;ao;aygif Asm}
az/ /]aeOD;q&m&JU? uRefawmf ajymOD;r,f? tdrfa&SUrSm cif;xm;wJh wHwm;uvJ ysOfjym;uav; wpfcsyfxJyJ q&m?
tbdk;BuD;u trSwfrJh avQmufvmawmh ysOfjym;usdK;NyD; acsmif;xJ tusrSm ausmufpGef;ESifh acgif;ESifh ½dkufrdNyD;
aoyga&mwJh q&m&JU}
&S m;/ /]ysOfjym;u aqG;aevdkUvm;}
az/ /]ysOfjym;u aqG;vdkU r[kwfbl;wJh q&m? wJwJuav;aeatmif vTeJUwdkufNyD; wrifaxmifxm;w,fwJh q&m&JU}
&S m;/ /(½kwfw&uf wnfhrwfpGm xkdifvsuf) ]tvJh qdkprf;ygOD;Asm? tbdk;BuD;u b,folESifh aewmvJ}
az/ /]tbdk;BuD;u rkqdk;zdkBuD;wJh q&m&JU? olUrSm orD;ysdKuav; wpfa,muf&Sdw,f? om;tz ESpfa,mufxJyJ
aeMuowJh? olwdkUESifh tdrfeD;csif;uawmh udkbaX;qdkwJh ajrydkif&Sif vifr,m;ESpfa,muf &SdMuw,f? olwdkUtdrf
ESpftdrfrSm acsmif;jcm;aeavawmh ckeifu ajymwJh ysOfjym;wpfcsyfudk wHwm;vkyfNyD; cif;xm;owJh q&m}
&S m;/ /]qdkprf;ygOD;Asm}
az/ /]'gESifh tJonfaeU reufuawmh udkbaX;uvJ &efukefu olUtrrsm;xH tvnfoGm;aecdkuf jzpfvdkU olUr,m;
rjr&ifu OD;pHx,f&JU orD; rvGef;ar tdrfrSm vufzuf&nfaomuf zdwfxm;vdkU wHwm;udk ul;r,fvdkU tvmrSm
wHwm;usdK;NyD; OD;pHx,fvnf; a&pyfrSmvJaewm awGUowJh q&m? onfawmhrS rjr&ifu tdrfa&SUu ac:NyD; orD;
rvGef;arudk tusdK;taMumif; ajymjyvdkU tapcHawG bmawGESifh tbdk;BuD;udk q,fwifawmh tbdk;BuD;rSm acgif;uGJNyD;
toufvHk;vHk; r&dSawmhbl;wJh q&m? onf[mESifh tkwfatmf aomif;eif; jzpfaewkef; jzKef;qdk udkbaX;u &efukefu
um;ESifh tjyif;armif;vmNyD; a&mufa&mufjcif; ]b,fhES,fvJ b,fhES,fvJa[h? aemufrsm;usoGm;NyDvm;uG,f? ig
rdkufwmyg? igudku rdkufrdwmyg} vdkU ajymNyD; t½l;vdk awmifajym ajrmufajymESifh olUr,m;rsufESmudk jrifawmhrS ]ig
rdkufouGJU jrjr&,f? ighaMumifh ao&Sm&ouGJU} vdkUajymowJh q&m&JU}
&S m;/ /]'gjzifh cifAsm; Opöm vufonfay:aerifhyJ? usKyfvdkufvdkU bmvkyfOD;rSmvJ Asm}
az/ /]r[kwfao;bl; q&m&JU? wpfcku onfvdk &Sdaejyefw,f? OD;pHx,f raorD naeu onfwHwm;ay:udk tapcH
wpfa,muf avQmufao;owJh? onfwkef;uvJ taumif;BuD;yJ &Sdao;owJh? onfawmhum wHwm;udk vTeJUwdkufwJh
a&TOa'gif;
vl[m ntcgusrS wdkuf&r,f r[kwfvm; q&m? onfnu udkbaX;vJ &efukefu olUtrrsm; tdrfrSmyJ tdyfw,f
q&m? uRefawmf reufu oGm;NyD; ar;jref;pHkprf;Munfhawmh udkbaX;[m [dknu tdyfcef;udk 0ifoGm;wm tapcH
wpfa,mufu aoaocsmcsm jrifvdkuf&aMumif;? tdyfcef;xJudk a&mufNyD;aemuf pmzwfaewJh vu©PmESifh "mwfrD;udk
rjidrf;bJ aeNyD;aemuf oef;acgifausmfausmfavmufrSm "mwfrD; cvkyfESdyfNyD; rD;jidrf;vdkufwmudk oludk,fwdkif Mum;vdkuf
jrifvdkufwJh taMumif; wyfwyftyftyfBuD; xGufqdkaew,f q&m&JU? onfawmh yJcl;e,frSm &SdwJh wHwm;udk
udkbaX;u nwGif;csif;oGm;NyD; wdkufjzwfzdkU&ef tifrwef cJ,Of;aew,f q&m&JU}
&S m;/ /]udkbaX;udk ppfaq;awmhaum b,fhES,frsm; tppfcHowJhvJ}
az/ /]bmwpfckrS ar;vdkUr&bl;wJh q&m&JU? yg;pyfudk a&iHkxm;ovdk wpfcgwnf; ydwfxm;wmyJwJh q&m?
odkUaomfvnf; olUrdef;ruawmh b,fenf;ESifhrS udkbaX;vkyfwm r[kwfbl;vdkU ajymaew,f q&m&JU? cufaeNyDaum
q&m}
&S m;/ /]udkbaX;a&mufvmjcif;[m rarQmfvifhbJESifh ½kwfw&uf a&mufvmjcif;ESifh wlw,f? onfawmh onftcsufudk
olUrdef;ru b,fhES,fxkacsowJhvJ? &efukefu tpfrrsm;uaum olb,fenf;ESifh jyefoGm;w,fvdkU ajymovJ}
az/ /]eHeufapmapm tdyf,mu xxcsif; jzKef;qdk pdwful;&NyD; olUtpfrrsm;udkawmif EId;NyD; EIwfrqufEkdifbJ
wpfcgwnf; armfawmfum;ESifh xGufoGm;w,fvdkU ajymw,f q&m}
&S m;/ /]vlowfrIjyKwJh vlwpfa,muf[m rsm;aomtm;jzifh &nf&G,fcsuf wpfckck &SdwwfjrJyJAs? bmvJ qdkawmh
wpfpHkwpfckudk &vkdíaomfvnf;aumif;? oufoufrJh rkef;íaomfvnf;aumif;? rESifh ywfoufí remvdkaomaMumifh
vnf;aumif; wpfckck jzpfwwfw,f? onftrIrSm b,fvdk&nf&G,fcsufrsdK;ESifh owfw,fvdkU cifAsm; xifovJ}
az/ /]tckjzifh rxifwwfEkdifatmif &Sdaeao;wmyJ q&m}
&S m;/ /]udkbaX;uvGJNyD; onfhjyif b,folUudkrS xifp&m r&Sdbl;vm;? rjr&ifaum b,fhES,fvJ}
az/ /]uRefawmfjzifh rawG;wwfEdkifatmif &Sdaeygw,f q&m}
&S m;/ /]onfhjyifaum bmrsm; cifAsm; ajymp&m &Sdao;ovJ}
az/ /]ukefygNyD q&m? r&Sdygbl;}
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;onf aq;wHudk aq;xnfhí rD;ñSdum aomufzGm&if; pOf;pm;pdwful;vsuf&Sd&m armiftkef;az
rSmvnf; um;udkomvQif vsifjrefpGm armif;ESifvsuf &Sdav\/
uefBuD;axmihf&GmodkU qdkufa&mufMuaomtcg awme,frS Xmemtkyfvnf; BudKqdkapmihfqdkif;vsuf &Sd&m
uRefawmfwdkUonf OD;pHx,f\ aetdrfteD;ü um;udk qdkuf&yfí XmemtkyfESifh awGUqHkaeMuonfwGif
az/ /]b,fhES,fvJ udkarmifwif? bmrsm; taMumif;xl;ao;ovJ As}

wif/ /]udkbaX;udkawmh csKyfxm;NyD;NyD cifAs}
az/ /]csKyfvdkU awmfrS awmfyghrvm; Asm? [dknu &efukefrSm ol&Sdw,f qdkwmuyJ }
wif/ /]r[kwfbl; q&m? &efukefudk w,fvDzkef; qufNyD; ar;awmh [kdnu udkbaX;u oef;acgifausmfavmufrSm
tdkufvGef;vdkU rtdyfEkdifbl; qkdNyD; um;ESifh xGufoGm;ao;w,f q&m&JU? b,ftcsdefrS jyefvmw,f qdkwm b,folrS
trSefrajymEkdifbl; wJh? onfawmhum um;udk cyfjyif;jyif; armif;r,fqdk&if rvif;cif &efukefudk jyefa&mufEkdifwmudk;
q&m}
&S m;/ /(avSmifajymifaom rsufESmxm;ESifh armiftkef;aztm; Munfhvsuf ) ]b,fhES,fvJ udktkef;az ? cifAsm;vJ

a&mufcJhw,fqdk? awmuaeNyD; pHkprf;wJh vlu cifAsm;xuf pHkvifatmif odaeygNyDaumvm;} [k ajymvdkufaom tcg
XmemtkyfrSm tm;&ESpfouf jzpfvsuf armiftkef;azrSmrl cyf&Suf&Suf rsufESmxm;ESifh &Sdav\/ ¤if;aemuf
&S m;/ /]OD;pHx,fESifh udkbaX;[m aiGaMu;ESifh ywfoufNyD; b,fvdk qufqHjcif;rsm; &Sdzl;ovJ }
wif/ /]udkbaX;u &efukefA[kdbPfrS aiGrsm; tyfESHxm;wJh teufu OD;pHx,fudk 200d wef ? 300d wef csufrsm;
a&;NyD; cPcP ay;&zl;owJh q&m}
az/ /]aMomf wefawmh q&ma&? OD;pHx,fu udkbaX; raumif;aMumif; wpfpHkwpf&mudk odavawmh EIwfydwfc
twGuf cPcP aiGñSpfNyD; awmif;vdkUrdkU aemufqHk;wpfaeUusawmh rcHEkdifwmESifh udkbaX;u tqHk;pD&ifvdkufwmESifh
wlw,f q&m}
wif/ /]uRefawmfwdkUvnf; onftaMumif;aMumifhyJ vdkU awG;rdygw,f cifAsm}
az/ /][kwfNyDAsdKU? [kwfNyD ? 'gaMumifh owfwmudk;As}
]rowfygbl;&Sif? uRefra,mufsm; owfwm r[kwf&ygbl; &Sif} [k ajymoHMum;Muojzifh aemufodkUvSnfhí
MunfhvdkufMuonfwGif toufoHk;q,fausmf t&G,fcefU&Sdí tom;jzLjzL ao;ao;oG,foG,fESifh ½kyfqif;t*Fg
jynfhpHkvSpGmaom rdef;rwpfa,mufonf teD;odkU a&mufvsuf&SdaMumif; awGUjrifMu&av&m ¤if;rSm udkbaX;\ ZeD;
rjr&ifyif jzpfav\/
xkdtcg Xmemtkyf udkarmifwifonf rjr&if\ teD;odkUcsOf;uyfí ]uRefawmfwdkUvnf; 0wå&m;&SdvdkUom aqmif&Guf&
ygw,f cifAsm? udkbaX;udk zrf;qD;&wmawmif tifrwef tm;emyg&JU? vGJygap z,fygapvdkUyJ qkawmif;rdygw,f?
wu,fvdkU udkbaX; owfwm r[kwfcJh&ifvnf; rowfaMumif;udk xif&Sm;atmifvkyfEkdifr,fh yk*d¾Kvf[m a[monfu
OD;pH&Sm;tjyif r&Sdygbl; cifAsm ? &efukefu pHkaxmufBuD; OD;pH&Sm;qdkwm olygyJ} [kajymí armifpH&Sm;ESifh todtuRrf;
zGJUay;avvQif rjr&ifonf armifpH&Sm;\ rsufESmudk wpfcPrQ pdkufí MunfhNyD;aemuf ,HkMunftm;xm;onfh
vu©PmESifh
]u,fawmfrlyg OD;pH&Sm;&Sif? b,folu b,fvdkyif ajymaomfvnf; uRefra,mufsm;udk onftrIu vGwfatmif
EIwfay;EkdifcJhvdkU &Sd&if &Sifvdkcsifoavmuf uRefr csD;jr§ifh ygr,f &Sif}
&S m;/ /]csD;jr§ifhonfjzpfap? rcsddD;jr§ifhonfjzpfap? tu,fpifppf rowfcJh½dk; rSefcJhvQifjzifh vGwfatmif aqmif&GufzdkUrSm
uRefawmfh wm0ef&Sdygap Asm ? pdwfcsyg}
&if/ /]aus;Zl;BuD;vSygw,f &Sif? EdkU ... }
xdkcPü ykvdyfwpfa,mufonf Muufaygif zdeyfwpf&Hudk udkifvsuf uRefawmfwdkU &Sd&modkU ajy;vm&m

az/ /]b,frSmawGUovJ a[h}
vdyf/ /]tdrfaemufu ypönf;a[mif;awGxm;wJh wJukwfxJrSm 0Sufxm;wm uRefawmf awGUw,f cifAs}
zdeyfrSm pdkvsufyif&Sdao;aom &THUEGHrsm; ayusHvsuf&Sd&m xdkae&m t&yfü wHwm;ul;íxm;aom acsmif;wGif;&Sda&pyfrS
wpfyg; rnfonfhae&mürQ &THUEGH[lí r&Sdacs/ xkdzdeyfudk jrifaomtcg rjr&if rsufESmysufí oGm;onfudk armifpH&Sm;u
jrifvdkufojzifh
&S m;/ /]onf[m udkbaX; zdeyfyJvm;}
&if/ /(rajymcsif ajymcsifESifh) ][kwfygw,f&Sif}
a&TOa'gif;
&S m;/ /]udkif; 'gjzifh wHwm;atmufu acsmif;udk wpfqdwfavmuf oGm;MunfhvdkufMuOD;pdkU Asm}

wHwm;usdK;íusaom ae&modkU a&mufMuavvQif uRefawmfwdkUonf acsmif;urf;yg;ay:rS &yfvsuf&SdMupOf
armifpH&Sm;onf ykvdyfom;\ vufrS Muufaygifzdeyfudk vSrf;,lí acsmif;wGif;odkU qif;oGm;av\/
armifpH&Sm;onf &THUEGHrsm; twGif;ü xkdrS þrS arTaESmufMunfh½INyD;aemuf ukef;ay: odkU wzef jyefíwufvm&m
az/ /]b,fhES,fvJ q&m? awGUcJhovm;}
&S m;/ /]onfu Muufaygifzdeyf&mawG awmhjzifh awGUcJhw,fAsdKU}
az/ /]'gjzifh xif&Sm;aeNyDaum q&m? bmvdkawmhovJ? udkbaX; owfwm trSefyJaygh? udkif; uRefawmfuawmh
tpdk;& 0wå&m;twdkif; aqmif&Gufp&m udpöuav;awG &Sdao;w,f q&m? udkodef;armifESifh q&mESifh &efukefudk
jyefcsif&ifvJ uRefawmhfum;ESifh jyefESifhMu&if aumif;r,fxifw,f? q&m qufvufNyD; aqmif&Gufp&m udpö
r&Sdawmhygbl;q&m}
&S m;/ /]b,fhES,f udpö r&SdovJ? rjr&ifu usKyfudk iSm;xm;wm &Sdao;oaum}
az/ /]iSm;ayr,fh bmvkyfawmhrSmvJ q&m? onfavmuf xif&Sm;aeNyD; Opöm ? olUbufu q&m aqmif&Gufp&m
b,fudpö &SdawmhovJ q&m}
&S m;/ /]&Sdonfjzpfap r&Sdonfjzpfap? usKyfodorQu usKyfudk trIonfwpfa,mufu iSm;vdkU&Sd&if qHk;cef;wkdif
a&mufatmif raqmif&Guf&rcsif; ypfxm;cJhwJh xHk;pHr&Sdbl;As}
az/ /]'gjzifhvJ q&mhoabmyAsm}
&S m;/ /]udkif; 'gjzifh vmAs? udkpHx,ftdrfudk wpfqdwfavmuf 0ifMunfhvdkufMuOD;pdkU} [k ajymí uRefawmfwdkUonf
aovGefol OD;pHx,f\ tdrfwGif;odkU 0ifMurnftjyKwGif armifpH&Sm;onf wpfpHkwpfckaom t&m0w¬Kudk pmtdwfwGif
xnfhíydwfNyD;aemuf armiftkef;az\ vufodkU ay;tyfvsuf
]a&mh udktkef;az? a[mhonf[muav; wpfck odrf;xm;prf;Asm? usKyf awmif;awmhrS xkwfNyD;ay;ayawmh }
az/ /(ydwfxm;aom pmtdwfudk ,liifí prf;oyfMunfhvsuf) ]bmrsm; ygovJ q&m }
&S m;/ /]tzdk;wef ypönf;wpfck ygav&JUAsm}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwdkUonf OD;pHx,f\ tdrfodkU oGm;a&mufMuí twGif;odkU a&mufMuonfwGif tcef;qD;rsm;

pm;yGJrsm; ukvm;xkdifrsm;rS pí tdrfaxmifypönf;rsm;udk awGUjrif&aomtcg aovGefol OD;pHx,frSm yifpifaiG
uav;ESifh ravmufri&Sdí eJeJESifh BuJBuJ0dkif; [laom pum;uJhodkU jcpfcsKyfukwfuyfí [efvkyfum aexkdif&aMumif;
xif&Sm;av\/
{nfhcef;üum; toufESpfq,fausmf t&G,fcefU&Sd ½kyf&nfacsmarm vSyvsuf wif;rmaom rsufESmxm; &Sdonfh
oli,frwpfa,mufonf uRefawmfwdkUtm; {nfhcHpum;ajymqdkav&m ¤if;rSm OD;pHx,f\ orD; rvGef;aryif
jzpfav\/ rvGef;aronf uRefawmfwdkU vlpktm; wpfcPrQ pdkufMunfhí rnfolonf tBuD;trSL;jzpfonfudk tuJ
cwfNyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;tm;
ar/ /]raeUu vkdufvmwJh pHkaxmufBuD; OD;pH&Sm;qdkwm rSwfygw,f&Sif}
&S m;/ /]rSefygw,f rdef;uav;&,f? rdwpfqdk; jzpf&wJh txJrSm zcifu ,ckvdk ½kwfw&uf ysufpD;oGm;jyefawmh
tifrwef 0rf;enf;zdkU aumif;ygayw,fAsm}
ar/ /]rSefygw,f&Sif? rdcifqHk;NyD;wJhaemuf arG;ozcifuvJ t*d¾&wfbufrSm odyf0goemygNyD; aeUa&m na&m t*d¾&wf

wJxJu rxGufygbl;&Sif? [kdwkef;u pkaqmif;xm;wJh ypönf;uav;awG qdk&ifvJ rD;aoG;ESifhyJ ukefygNyD&Sif}
&S m;/ /]aMomf OD;pHx,fu onfbufu 0goem ygoudk;}
ar/ /]0goemygwmawmh rajymygESifhawmh? a[m[dk 0if;axmifhuwJ[m zdkxkd;wJh wJygyJ&Sif? &orQ yifpifuav;
[mvJ pm;&aomuf&w,fvdkU onfavmufr&Sdygbl;? vHkbdk; rD;aoG;bdk; 'kwåmbdk; vufcsm;bdk;ESifhyJ ukef&wmygyJ &Sif?
wpfaeUaomfvnf; "mwfaygufvkNyDwJh? wpfaeUaomfvnf; udpöNyD;vkNyDwJh? b,fawmhrS NyD;Ekdifw,fvJ r&Sdygbl;&Sif?
a[m tck ½kwfw&uf aoqHk;oGm;jyefawmh uRefrzdkU wpfjym;wpfcsyfrS xm;cJhw,fvdkU r&Sdygbl;&Sif} [k rdrd\
'ku©rsm;udk nnf;nLwkdifwef;av\/ xkdtcg armiftkef;azonf tcsnf;ESD;jzpfaom pum;rsm;udk ajymqdkjcif;tm;jzifh
tcsdefrukefvdkonfh vu©PmESifh pum;jzwfí
az/ /]OD;pHx,fudk owfwJh w&m;cH udkbaX;udk zrf;xm;wm rvGef;ar odw,f r[kwfvm;}
ar/ /]Mum;ygw,f&Sif}
&S m;/ /]ypönf;uvJ cdkifvHk? olUr,m;uvJ acsmygbdoESifh b,fvdkrsm; &efpvdkU owfw,f xifovJ rvGef;ar}
ar/ /]rajymwwfygbl;&Sif? olUr,m; rjr&if cjrmrSmawmh 'ku©ygyJ ? udk,fcsif;pmNyD; oem;vkdufyg&JU&Sif}
&S m;/ /]b,folu b,folUudk oem;zdkU aumif;ovJAs}
ar/ /]aMomf uRefrrSmawmh aoNyD;om;rdkU pdwfcsvufcs yl&vdkU awmfygao;w,f&Sif? cjrmrSmawmh aorSmvm;[Jh?
vGwfrSmvm;[Jh? waEG;aEG;ESifh aeUrat; nrat;? awmifajy;&rvdk ajrmufajy;&rvdk? omNyD;awmh qdk;vdrfhr,fvdkU
xifygw,f&Sif}
[k ajymaomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf rvGef;artm; xl;qef;aom rsufESmxm;ESifh pdkufMunfhum &Sdaeav\/ ¤if;aemuf
armifpH&Sm;onf xkdif&mrS ½kwfw&ufxí
&S m;/ /]OD;pHx,f zdkxkd;wJh t*d¾&wfwJudk wpfqdwfavmuf Munfhyg&ap rdef;uav;&,f} [k ajymonfESifh
rvGef;aronfvnf; ½kwfw&ufxí uRefawmfwdkUtm; 0if;axmifhü&Sdaom wJi,fodkU ac:iifí oGm;av\/
wJtwGif;üum; vHkBuD;vHki,fwkdUonf <uufavQmufay:ü oyf&yfaumif;rGefpGm pDpOfíxm;vsuf vkyf&yfbufqdkif&m
ud&d,mwdkUrSmvnf; ae&mwus odkrSD;í xm;onfudk awGU&Sd&av\/ wpfckaom cHk&Snfuav;ay:üum; &THUEGHrsm;
aypGef;vsuf&Sdaom tusÐwpfxnf wifvsuf&Sd&m armifpH&Sm;onf ¤if;udk vufñId;ñTefvsuf
&S m;/ /]onftusÐu b,hfES,f[mvJ}
ar/ /]aMomf tazhtavmif;udk acsmif;xJu wifvmwkef;u toufrsm; ygOD;rvm;vdkU cHkay:rSmwifNyD; tusÐudk
cRwfay;Muwm rSwfygw,f&Sif? uRefrvJ pdwfnpfwmESifh bmrS rodrf;rd rqnf;rdbJ onfhtwdkif;yJ xm;vdkuf&ao;
wmyJ&Sif} [k ajymNyD;aemuf jywif;aygufteD;odkU oGm;a&mufí vufaxmufNyD;vQif tjyifodkU arQmfMunfh&if;
pdwfnpfnL;onfh trlt&mESifh &Sdae&marmiftkef;azvnf; ¤if;\teD;odkU csOf;uyfí ylyefjcif; ajyaysmufapatmif
pum;wdkUudk azsmfajz ajymqdkvsuf &Sdav\/ armifpH&Sm;onf uRefawmhftm; trSwfrJh vuf,yfac:í
]tjyifodkU cPuav; oGm;vdkufOD;r,f? usKyfoGm;rSef; olwdkU rodatmif cifAsm;u pum;udk trQifrjywfatmif
ajymae&pfprf;ygAsm } [k ajymajymqdkqdkESifh xGufoGm;&m uRefawmfonf axG&mav;yg;pum;wdkUudk tvQifrjywf
atmif ajymqdkí ae&pf&av\/
ESpfrdepfcefUMumaomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf wJtwGif;odkU wpfzefjyefí 0ifvmNyD;vQif rvGef;artm; wJtwGif;odkU
0ifa&mufMunfh½IcGifh jyKonfudk aus;Zl;wifpum; ajymMum;í EIwfqufNyD;aemuf uRefawmfwdkUonf tjyifodkU
xGufvmcJhMuav\/
a&TOa'gif;
rvGef;arrSm tdrfwGif;odkU 0ifoGm;í uRefawmfwdkUonf 0if;aygufteD;odkU a&mufaomtcg Xmemtkyf

armifwifarmifonf vTwpfpif;udk ,llí
]a[m'gESifh wkdufNyD;jzwfwmyJ q&m}
&S m;/ /]b,ftem;u &cJhovJ}
tkyf/ /]wHcg;ESifh reD;ra0; csHKwpfckxJrSm xkd;NyD; 0Sufxm;w,f q&m}
&S m;/ /]b,fholUvTvdkU ajymovJ }
tkyf/ /]udkbaX;&JU tapcHwpfa,mufuawmh olwdkU tdrfu vTyJvdkU ajymw,f q&m? OD;pHx,fwdkUtdrfrSm oHk;p&m
udp&ö Sd&ifvJ ,lNyD;oHk;MuwmyJwJh q&m}
&S m;/ /]awmfygayw,fAsm udkarmifwif? 'gxuf cifAsm; b,frSm wnf;ovJ}
tkyf/ /]olBuD;tdrfrSmyJ wnf;w,f}
&S m;/ /]udkif; 'gjzifh olBuD;tdrfudk oGm;vdkufMuOD;pdkUAsm}
az/ /]q&m vkdufzdkU rvdkygbl;rSwfw,f q&m? onfudpörSm uRefawmfwdkU aqmif&GufzdkUyJ &Sdygawmhw,f?
q&mwkdUESpfa,muf &efukefudk jyefESifh&if aumif;vdrfhr,f xifw,f q&m}
&S m;/ /]usKyfwdkU ½Iyfw,fvdkU xif&ifvJ vrf;cGJcsif cGJMuwmayghAsm? usKyfuawmhjzifh rjr&if iSm;xm;vdkU
wpfykdif;wpfpESifh jyefvdkU rjzpfao;bl;As}
az/ /]½Iyfw,fvdkUawmh rxifygbl; q&m? ydkaevdkU ajymrdwmyg? rjyefcsifao;vdkU &Sd&ifvJ q&mhoabmaygh q&m}
xkdnü uRefawmfwkdUonf &GmolBuD;tdrfü tdyfpufMu&av&m eHeufvif;ojzifh tdyf&mrS xMuaomtcg armifpH&Sm;rSm

tdrfür&SdawmhbJ aysmufoGm;av\/ armiftkef;azESifh XmemtkyfwdkUrSm twefMumatmif apmifhqkdif;Muaomfvnf;
armifpH&Sm; ray:vmbJ &SdavvQif armifpH&Sm;udk &SmazG&ef rjr&if\tdrfodkU uRefawmfESifhtwl xGufvmcJhMuav\/
0if;aygufodkUa&mufvQif rjr&ifESifh armifpH&Sm;wdkUonf pm;yGJwpfckteD;wGif wpfpHkwpfckaom t&m0w¬Kudk aocsmpGm
iHkUMunfhaeMuonfudk awGUjrifMu&av\/
uRefawmfwdkUonf tdrfjyifrS ac:iifNyD;aemuf tdrfwGif;odkU 0ifoGm;Muaomtcg rjr&ifrSm {nfhcef;ü r&SdawmhbJ
armifpH&Sm;wpfa,mufwnf; tjyifü&Sdvsuf armifpH&Sm;url xkdtdrfrSm rdrd\tdrfydkif jzpfonfhtaersdK;ESifh
uRefawmfwdkUtm; {nfhcHNyD;vQif rjr&ifrSm OD;acgif;udkufojzifh tdyf&modkU 0ifoGm;aMumif;ESifh ajymqdkav\/
xkdtcg armiftkef;azu armifpH&Sm;rSm rjr&ifbufrS BudwfBudwfe,f aqmif&Gufvsuf &SdaMumif;udk &dyfrdonfjzpfí
,if;uJhodkU aqmif&Gufjcif;onf tcsnf;ESD; jzpfaMumif;udk xif&Sm;azmfjyawmhtHh[k tBuHESifh
az/ /]q&muawmhjzifh w&m;cHbufu vHk;vHk;jzpfaeNyDudk; q&m? odkUaomf owif;wpfck q&m Mum;&&if
tHhMooGm;vdrfhr,f q&m}
&S m;/ /]bmrsm;vJ As}
az/ /]w&m;cH udkbaX;&JU tdrfxJrSm 'dkif,m&Dpmtkyf wpftkyf awGUw,f q&m? pmtkyfxJrSmvJ OD;pHx,fudk ay;&wJh
aiGawG rSwfNyD;xm;wm awGU&w,f? awmfawmfyJ rsm;aeNyDaum q&m ? aemufqHk;wpfcg aiG 100 ay;vkdufwkef;
uawmh olUpmtkyfxJrSm ola&;xm;wJh rSwfwrf;uav; wpfckudkawmif awGU&w,f q&m&JU}
&S m;/ /]b,fvkdrsm; rSwfwrf;a&;om;ygovJ Asm}
az/ /]onfwpfcg aemufqHk;ay;jcif;yJ vdkU a&;om;w,f q&m&JU? onfawmh olUudk tBudrfBudrf aiGñSpfvdkU
owfypfaMumif; onfavmufxif&Sm;aeNyD[m ? q&m vufavQmhvkdufygawmh q&m&,f}
&S m;/ /]reufpm pm;zdkU tcsdefwefNyD xifw,f? cifAsm;wdkU NyD;cJhMuNyDvm;}
xkdtcg armiftkef;azrSm armifpH&Sm;tm; jyefoGm;&ef wkdufwGef;ygaomfvnf; r&awmhrnfhtaMumif;udk od&Sdojzifh

xyfavmif;í rwdkufwGef;bJ olBuD;tdrfodkU xrif;pm;aomuf&ef jyefvmcJhMuav\/
¤if;trIudk NrdKUe,fw&m;olBuD;½Hk;ü a&S;OD;pGm ppfcsuf,l&ef wifoGif;onfhaeUü NrdKUe,f&Sd vltaygif;wdkUvnf;
w&m;cH\ <u,f0csrf;omaMumif;udk od&Sdojzifh tajrmuftjrm; pk½Hk;vma&muf em;axmifMuav\/
ykvdyfom;ESpfa,mufwdkUvnf; vufxdyfcwfvsuf&Sdaom w&m;cHudkbaX;udk ½Hk;cef;odkU oGif;vmcJh&m
vltaygif;wdkUvnf; t&G,fvnf; aumif;? Opöm"evnf; <u,f0ol w&m;cHtm; oem;u½kPm &SdMuojzifh jzpfrS
jzpf&avjcif; ponfjzihf NiD;wGm;Muav\/ w&m;cHrSmrl rsufESmudk ajrodkUcsvsuf OD;acgif;axmifírQ rMunfhbJ
ykvdyfwdkU\ tv,frS vkdufygvmcJhav\/ ¤if;aemuf rjr&ifonf ½Hk;cef;odkU 0ifvm&m ¤if;\ aemufrSrl
armifpH&Sm;onf uyfívdkufygcJhav\/ rjr&ifrSmrl rsufESmñI;d i,fpGm &Sdaomfvnf; vGefpGm 0rf;enf;vS[ef r&Sdojzifh
arQmfvifhzG,f&m &Sdao;onf[k uRefawmf\ pdwfü rSwfxifrdav\/
aemufqHk;ü OD;pHx,f\orD; rvGef;aronf ½Hk;cef;odkU 0ifvm&m y&dowfwdkUvnf; ½kwfw&uf tkwftkwfusufusuf
jzpfoGm;vsuf w&m;cHrSmrl wkefvIyfí oGm;onfhtrlt&m &Sdav\/
¤if;aemuf q&m0efonf oufaocef;odkU a&S;OD;pGm 0ifNyD;vQif aovGefol OD;pHx,frSm wHwm;ay:rS usaom
'Pf&mjzifh aoqHk;&jcif;rSefaMumif;udk tppfcHav\/
xkdUaemuf w&m;cHudk avSmiftdrfwGif;odkU oGwfoGif;í ppfaq;av&m
]vGefcJhaom we*FaEGaeUnu armifrif; armfawmfum;udk xkwfí armif;ovm;}

]armif;ygonf}
]b,fudk armif;ovJ}
w&m;cHonf wdwfqdwfaeav\/
]ar;cGef;udk ajzyg}
]uRefawmf rrSwfrdyg}
]OD;pHx,fudk aiGrsm; cPcP ay;&zl;ovm;}
]ay;&zl;ygw,f}
]b,ftwGufay;&ovJ}
w&m;cHonf aESmifhaES;awG;awmí aeNyD;aemuf
a&TOa'gif;
]t*d¾&wfxkd;&ef twGuf p&dwfrvHkavmufí acs;iSm;&ygonf}

]rSefrSefajymyg? acsmufvSefUNyD; aiGñSpfvdkU ay;&w,f r[kwfvm;}
]r[kwfyg}
]ysOfjym;udk armifrif; vTESifh wkdufxm;ovm;}
w&m;cHonf qdwfqdwfom aeav\/
]þzdeyfrsm;aum rif;zdeyfvm;}
]rSefyg\}
xdkcPü armifpH&Sm;onf xdkif&mrS xí w&m;olBuD;xH tcGifhyefNyD;vQif txkyfi,f wpfckudk ajzí pdefem;uyf

wpfzufudk xkwfjyvsuf
]onf&Gmom;rsm;teuf onfem;uyfudk b,folrsm; jrifzl;MuygovJ}
xdktcg vlESpfa,muf oHk;a,mufwdkUu rdrdwdkU jrifzl;aMumif;? ¤if;rSm OD;pHx,f\ orD; rvGef;ar\ em;uyf
jzpfaMumif; ESifh xGufqdkMuaom tcg armifpH&Sm;onf rvGef;artm; [kwfygoavm[k ar;ojzifh rvGef;aronf
[kwfygaMumif; 0efcHav\/
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;onf tifpydwfawmf armiftkef;az&Sd&modkU vSnfhí
&S m;/ /]udktkef;az? cifAsm;udk uRefawmf [kdwpfaeUu tyfxm;wJh pmtdwf[m yg&JUvm;? xkwfjyprf;Asm}
xdktcg armiftkef;azonf tusÐtdwfrS pmtdwfudk xkwfNyD;aemuf zGifhíMunfhvdkuf&m armifpH&Sm;\ vufrS
em;uyfESifh wpfpHkjzpfaom tjcm;em;uyf wpfzufudk jrifMu&ojzifh vltm;vHk;wdkUonf pl;pdkufum MunfhaeMu
av\/
xkdtcg rvGef;aronf rsufvHk;rsm; jyL;vsuf
ar/ /]onf[mawG &Sifb,fu awGUovJ}
&S m;/ /]wpfzufuawmh OD;pHx,f\ tavmif;teD; acsmif;xJrSm awGUw,fAs? wpfzufuawmh}
ar/ /]&Sifu ÓPfqifNyD; uRefrudk trIywfatmif}
&S m;/ /]onf;cHyg rvGef;ar? usKyf yHk wpfck ajymjyyg&ap? a&S;a&S;wkef;u yifpiftjidrf;pm; t*d¾&wform;BuD;
wpfa,muf &SdowJhAs? olUrSm orD;acsm wpfa,muf &Sdw,f? olwdkU tdrfem;rSmvJ ajrydkifolaX; vifr,m;ESpfa,muf
&SdMuw,f? vifjzpfolu tzkd;BuD;udk tifrwefcspfcifwJh twGuf t*d¾&wfxdk;zdkU rD;aoG;bkd;? vHkbdk; rSpí aiGrsm;
cPcP acs;&SmowJhAs? onfvdkESifh aeMuawmh tzdk;BuD;&JU orD;[m ajrydkif&Sif olaX;udk pHkruf cspfcifyga&m Asm}
xkdcPü rvGef;aronf xkdif&mrS xí tjyifodkUxGufoGm;awmhrnf jyKav&m Xmemtkyfudkarmifwifu ycHk;ay: odkU
vufESifh zdESdyfí xm;aomaMumifh wpfzefjyefí xkdif&av\/ xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;u qufvufí
&S m;/ /]odkUaomfvnf; olaX;uav;u olUr,m;udk tifrwef jrwfEdk;cspfcifwJh twGuf zsm;a,mif;vdkU r&bl;wJAs?
odkUaomfvJ rdef;uav;u tBudrfBudrf tzefzef rdatmif zrf;avawmh ykxkZOfom; jzpfvdkUrdkU aemufqHk;wpfaeUrSm
pifppf arwåm r[kwfaomfvJ }
ar/ /]wefyg&Sif}
&S m;/ /]onfvdk jzpfrdMuawmh aemufqHk;wpfaeUrSm a,mufsm;jzpfolu aemifw w&m;&NyD; a&S;uuJhodkU armifvdk
ESrvdk oabmxm;MuzdkU ajym&mrSm rdef;uav;u pdwfqdk;NyD; pmawmh twefwefa&;? yxrawmh a,musfm; jzpfolu
jyefNyD; pma&;ygao;&JU? awmfawmfMumawmh vHk;vHk;yif jyefra&;bJ aeyga&m? onfawmh rdef;uav;u b,fhES,f
tBuHjzpfovJ qdkawmh r,m;BuD;&SdaevdkUom ighudk vHk;vHk;vsm;vsm; rcspfBudKufbJ aew,f? r,m;BuD; r&Sd&if
ae&musav&JUvdkU tBuHjzpfwmudk;As? onfawmh b,fhES,fvkyfovJwJh? olUa,mufsm; r&SdcdkufrSm r,m;udk
vufzuf&nfaomuf zdwf? eufjzefvmr,f qdk&if onfuaeU nvdku wHwm;udk vTESifh wkdufNyD;xm;?
vifjzpfoludkvJ tcspfBuD;vGef;vdkU jyKvkyf&wJh taMumif;udk pmESifh a&;NyD; 0efcHcsufay;? vifjzpfolu onfpm&awmh
olUr,m;twGuf pdk;&drfNyD; armfawmfum;ESifh wpfcgwnf; jyefvmyga&mAsm ? odkUaomfvJ tzdk;BuD;u uHqdk;csifawmh
olaX;uav; r&SdwJh taMumif;udk owdarhNyD; jy'g;vHk; jycsifvdkU toGm;rSm ]],kefaxmif aMumifrd}} qdkwJhpum;vdk
pyfMum;u 0ifNyD; taocH&&Smwmudk;As}
ar/ /]r[kwfw½kwfawG}
&S m;/ /]a[m'DrSm rdef;uav;udk,fwkdifu a,mufsm;xH a&;wJh pmawG oufao&Sdw,f? a[m'gu a,musfm;u a&;wJh
pmawGAs? onfawmh rdef;uav;u nOD;u oGm;NyD; olUajc&m rxif&atmif udkbaX;&JU zdeyfa[mif; wpf&HESifh
oGm;NyD; vTudk,l? wHwm;udk vTESifhwdkuf? vTa&m zdeyfa&m zGufNyD;xm;? vTwdkuf&mrSm udkbaX; 0,fNyD; ay;xm;wJh
em;uyfwpfzuf uRwfuscJh}
xkdtcg w&m;cHonf rnfolrQ rarQmfvifhbJvsuf ½kwfw&uf xí

]aeprf;ygOD;? cifAsm;u uRefawmhftaMumif;awG b,fhES,faMumifh onfavmufawmif odae&wmvJAsm} [k
ar;aomtcg rjr&ifu
]rodbJ aervm;? uRefru &SifwkdU taMumif;awG odaewm Mumyaum&Sifh? odkUaomfvJ &Sifhpdwfudk uRefrodvdkU
,HkMunfNyD; zGifhrajymbJ aecJhw,f? uRefrajymvdkU OD;pH&Sm; odwmaygh &Sif}
xdkcPü w&m;olBuD;u
]EkdU aeygOD;Asm? 'dkif,m&D pmtkyfxJrSm a&;xm;wJh aemufqHk;ay;jcif; qdkwmu b,fhES,f t"dyÜm,fvJ Asm}
&S m;/ /]udkbaX;u OD;pHx,f aemufxyfrHí racs;iSm;awmhbl; vkdU a&;om;jcif; jzpfygw,f}
w&m;ol BuD;/ /]'gjzifh [dknu um;ESifh ol b,foGm;ovJ}
&S m;/ /]onf[mawmh udkbaX; ajzygvdrfhr,f}
aX;/ /][dknu cyftdkuftdkuf &SdwmESifh uefawmfBuD; wpfywfESpfywf avQmufí ywfygonf? oufao rjyEkdifonfh
twGuf yxrar;pOfu rajzbJaecJhygonf}
xkdcPü rvGef;aronf xkdif&mrS ½kwfw&ufxí
a&TOa'gif;
]onfvkdrSef;od&if &Sifhudkyg aoatmifBuHao;w,f? ESpfa,mufvHk; pHkwGJaoatmif jzKwfvkduf&&if b,favmufrsm;

ae&musr,fvdkUuG,f? onfavmufawmif cspfcsifvSwJh vifr,m;? wapäb0rSm oGm;NyD; aygif;ap&&if
awmf&Sma&mhr,fuG,f} [k ajymqJwGif ykvdyfESpfa,mufwdkUvnf; udkarmifwif oGefoifcsuft& rvGef;artm;
zrf;qD;Muav\/
¤if;aemuf w&m;olBuD;u
]tHhMoyg&JUAsm? onftaMumif;udk tukef odvsufESifh NrHKNyD; rajymbJ aeEdkifwm tHhMoygw,fAsm}
aX;/ /]b,fhES,fvkyfrvJ NrdKUtkyfrif;? tifrwef qDavsmfaeavawmh uRefawmfu &Sif;vif;ajymjyonfhwkdifatmif
,HkMunfMurSmvJ r[kwfygbl; cifAsm? onfhjyif wpfaMumif;uvJ udk,fwkdifuvJ rdkufrJrdwJh twGuf cjrmrSm
jyKrdjyK&m jyK&Smjcif; jzpfavawmh cHp&m&Sd&if uRefawmfyJ cHvkdufawmhr,fvdkU atmufarhrdygw,f cifAsm}
w&m;ol BuD;/ /]awmfygayhAsm? onfu OD;pH&Sm; ra&mufvm&ifawmh usKyfwdkUwpfawGvJ txifvGJNyD; {uEÅ
rSm;rSm;,Gif;,Gif; jzpfukefMuawmh rSmyJAsdKU}
uRefawmfwkdUonf uefBuD;axmifh&GmrS um;ESifh jyefvmMu&m vrf;c&D;wGif armiftkef;azu

az/ /]aeygOD; q&m? b,fvkdvkyfNyD; ajc&maumufvkdufw,f qdkwm wpfqdwfuav; &Sif;vif;NyD; ajymjyprf;ygOD;
q&m}
&S m;/ /]rcufvSygbl; udktkef;az? udkbaX;udk cifAsm;wdkU zrf;NyD; ppfaq;wJh tcgrSm bmrS ajymazmfr&bJ NrHKaew,f
qkdwm Mum;&uwnf;u onfvl[m omrn vlwpfa,muf r[kwfbl; qkdwm usKyf&dyfrdw,f? olwpfyg;ESifh
ESD;aESmMunfhjyefawmh olowfwm [kwf[efrwlbl;vdkU ,HkMunfrdjyefw,f? 'gESifh t*d¾&wfwJxJrSm cifAsm;ESifh rvGef;ar
pum;ajymaewkef; usKyfu tdrfxJudk wdwfwdwf0ifNyD; &SmazGwJhtcgrSm em;uyfwpfzufa&m pmawGa&m
awGUjyefwmudk;As? em;uyfwpfzuf[mvJ tavmif;em;rSm awGUjyefawmh rvGef;ar tay:rSm awmfawmf ouFmruif;zdkU
jzpfvmcJha&mAs? onfhaemuf rjr&ifESifhtwl olUtdrfxJ&Smjyefawmh rvGef;aru udkbaX;xH a&;zl;wJh pmawGudk
awGU&jyefwmudk; ? onfawmhrS usKyfwkdUu ]],kefaxmif aMumifrd}} qdkwJh pum;vdk rjr&ifudk aoaMumif;BuHpnf&mrSm
tzdk;BuD;u Mum;0ifNyD; 'PfcHoGm;&Smoudk; vkdU od&wmudk; udktkef;az&JU}
az/ /]trItwGuf bmrsm; vufaqmif &cJhovJ q&m} [k ar;aom tcg armifpH&Sm;onf tusÐtdwfrS
pm&Gufwpf&Gufudk jy&m ¤if;rSm aiG 500d wef csufvufrSwf wpfckjzpfaMumif; awGU&SdMuavownf;/
NyD;ygNyD/
______
9/ xl;qef;aom ajrbk wfbDvl; trIü armifpH&Sm;pHka xmufyHk

uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdUonf jyefay;trIESifh ywfoufí jynfNrdKUodkU armfawmfum;ESifh oGm;a&mufMu&m
vlqdk;wdkUonf &efukefNrdKUrS pHkaxmufBuD; OD;pH&Sm; udk,fwkdif vkdufygvmaMumif;udk Mum;od&onfESifh
xdwfvefUwkefvIyfjcif; jzpfMuNyD;vQif zrf;,loGm;aom oli,fuav;udk a&G;EIwfatmif rapmihfqkdif;bJ jyefí
vTwfvdkufMuonf jzpfaomaMumifh armifpH&Sm;rSm udpNö yD;ajrmufvQif Mum&SnfpGm raevdkonfh oabmtwkdif;
nwGif;csif;yif armfawmfum;ESifh &efukefodkU jyefvmcJhMuav\/ xkdnonfum; tvGefw&m csrf;at;vSaom
njzpfav&m uRefawmfrSm um;\aemufrS auG;vsuf? armifpH&Sm;rSmrl csrf;at;jcif;udk yrmPrjyKbJ um;udk
vsifjrefpGm armif;ESifvsuf &SdcJhav\/
q,fem&DtcsdefcefUwGif uRefawmfrSm 'kdif;ceJ toHwpfckudk Mum;&ojzifh rSdef;íae&mrS ½kwfw&uf vefUEdk;NyD;vQif
tjyifodkU arQmfMunfhvkduf&m um;onf vrf;ab;odkU acsmfqif;NyD;aemuf opfyifwpfyifESifh wkdufcgeD; qJqJwGifrS
½kwfw&uf &yfoGm;av\/
&S m;/ /]'Dwpfcgjzifh usyfNyDAsdKU udkodef;armif? tydkaqmifcJhwJh bD;wpfbD;vJ apmapmu xnfhNyD;NyD? tckwpfcg wdkif,m
uGJoGm;jyefNyD? b,fhES,fvkyfMurvJ}
uRefawmf/ /]zmvdkU r&bl;vm;Asm}
&S m;/ /]uGJoGm;wJh wkdif,mudk ½kwfw&uf zmvdkU b,f&rSmvJAs}
uRefawmf/ /]'gjzihf um;ay:rSm tdyfMu½HkyAsm}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm; tdyfcsif tdyf&pfayawmh? usKyfawmh teD;tem;rSm &Gmrsm; &Sdovm;vdkU oGm;NyD; pHkprf;acsOD;r,f}
xdktcg uRefawmfrSm wpfa,mufwnf; awmc&D;ü ae&pf&rnfudk rESpfoufonf jzpfí ysif;ysif;&d&dESifh um;ay:rS

qif;NyD;vQif armifpH&Sm;ESifh twl vdkufoGm;&av\/
twefi,favQmufrdMuvQif c&D;tawmftwef a0;aomt&yfrS rD;a&mifuav;rsm; wvufvuf xGufaeonfudk
jrifojzifh armifpH&Sm;u &GmESifhwlonf[k ajymí ¤if;odkU a&S;½IavQmufoGm;Muav\/
xdknOfUonfum; vqef; 8 &ufnOfU jzpfojzifh xkdtcsdefü vrif;onf xef;wpfzsm; cefUomvQif usefawmhonf
jzpf&m uRefawmfwkdUonf a&;a&;ay:aeaom vrf;uav;twkdif; vkdufoGm;MupOf uRefawmfrSm armifpH&Sm;\
aemufodkU vdkuf&jcif;onf tdrfü auG;í tdyfae&oavmuf pnf;pdrfr&Sd [lí idkufidkufrsOf;rsOf;ESifh awG;rdawG;&m
awG;awmí oGm;qJwGif ]tr,fav;AsmwdkU} [k vdyfjympifíxGufrwwf eufus,faom toHBuD;jzifh
aMumuftm;BuD;pGm atmf[pfvkdufonfudk Mum;Mu&av\/
xdktcg armifpH&Sm;onf a&SUu avQmufoGm;&mrS ½kwfw&uf wefU&yfum em;axmifvsuf&Sd&m uRefawmfrSmvnf;
rsufpdrsm;us,fí toHMum;&modkU em;pGifhum &Sdavonf/ ,if;odkU&SdpOf uRefawmfwdkU\ vuf,mbufrS vsifjrefpGm
ajy;vmaom ajcoHrsm;udk Mum;Mu&av&m ajcoHrsm;onf eD;í eD;í vmonfwGif
&S m;/ /]ajy;vmwmawmh wpfa,mufxJyJ AsdKU? vkdufwJhol rygvkdU ulnDzdkU rvdkygbl;? 'Duom apmifhaeyg ?
a&mufvmygvdrfhr,f} [k ajymNyD;onfESifh wjydKifeuf vlwpfa,mufonf aMumuftm;BuD;vSojzifh rsufvHk;rsm;
aygufxGufvkrwwf jyL;vsuftoufudk ½dIufum ½dIufum ½SLNyD;vQif vufESpfzufudk udk;,dk;um;,m; tay: odkU
a&TOa'gif;
ajr§mufum vsifjrefpGm uRefawmfwdkU &Sd&modkU ajy;vmonfudk va&mifatmufwGif jrifMu&av\/ xkdolonf

uRefawmfwdkUudk jrifvQif
]u,fMuygOD;cifAsm? tr,fav; aMumufvScsnf&JU cifAs}
&S m;/ /(xkdol\ ykcHk;udk udkifum tm;ay;vsuf) ]raMumufygESifhav? usKyfwdkU &Sdom;uyJ? bmjzpfwmvJAs?
ajymprf;ygOD;}
xkdol/ /]arSmfq&mBuD; bDvl;jzpfNyD; vlom;pm;aeygw,f cifAs}
&S m;/ /]b,fu arSmfq&mBuD;vJ udk,fhvl&JU? a&vnfatmif ajymjyprf;ygOD;} [k ar;aomfvnf; xdkolrSm tom;rsm;
qwfqwfwkefí ar;csif;½kdufatmif cdkufcdkufwkefrQ aMumuf&GHUvsuf &Sdaeao;&um; armifpH&Sm;onf xkdol\ ausmudk
vufjzifh oyfí wkefvIyfjcif;uif;aom toHjzifh at;at;aq;aq; tm;ay;í aeav\/ xkdtcgrS xkdolonf
wajz;ajz; taMumufajyvmcJhí armifpH&Sm;\ rsufESmudk armhMunfhNyD;vQif
]cifAsm;wdkUESifh awGUayvdkU cifAsm? EdkUrdkU&if uRefawmfawmh taoyJ}
&S m;/ /]udkif; ajymprf;ygOD;av? bmjrifvdkU onfavmufaMumuf&wmvJ}
xdkol/ /]'D&GmrSm atmufvrf;arSmfq&mBuD; OD;ay:odef; qdkwm &Sdw,f cifAs? vGefcJhwJh q,f&ufavmufu aow,f?
olaoNyD;uwJu wpfa,mufuvJ tpdrf;obuf jzpfovkdvdk? wpfa,mufuvJ o&J jzpfovdkvdk ajymMuw,f cifAs?
'DuaeUnawmh vlom;pm;aewmudk uRefawmfh rsufaphESifhudk jrifcJh&ygw,f cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]b,ftem;rSmvJ}
xkdol/ /]a[m[dk ocsØKif;ukef; 'Dbufem;wifyg cifAsm? tpm;cH&wJhvlu b,folb,f0gawmh rqdkEkdifbl;?
yufvufBuD;udk vefvdkU? OD;ay:odkif; u olUtay:u av;bufBuD;udk axmufvdkU cifAs}
&S m;/ /]udkif; 'gjzifh vm? usKyfwkdUudk vkdufjyprf;}
xkdol/ /(qwfqwfwkefvmjyefí) ]rvkyfawmfrlygESifh cifAsm? awmif;yefyg&ap}
&S m;/ /]usKyfwdkUESifhuyJ ? bmaMumufp&m &SdovJ}
xkdk ol/ /]rvkdufyg&apESifh cifAsm? cifAsm;wdkUvJ roGm;MuygESifh}
&S m;/ /]udkif; 'gjzifh ae&pf? wpfa,mufxJ ae&pfvQif vmNyD;pm;rSm raMumufbl;vm;}
xkdol/ /]trav; rvkyfygESifh? vkdufygawmhr,f cifAsm}
xkdUaemuf uRefawmfwdkUonf tvGefw&m aMumuf&GHUwkefvIyfvsuf&Sdaom xkdoludk tv,frSxm;NyD;vQif jrifcJhonf

qdkaomae&modkU oHk;a,mufom; oGm;a&mufcJhMu\/ ig;rdepfcefU oGm;rdcJhMuavvQif xkdolonf opfyifwpfyif\
t&dyfudk vufnd§K;ñTefí jyav&m uRefawmfwdkUonf ñTefjy&m t&yfodkU MunfhvkdufonfwGif vlwpfa,mufonf
ajray:wGif yufvufvSefvsuf ajcwpfydkif;onf t&dyfwGif; usaeojzifh wpfydkif;omvQif va&mifü jrifMu&av\/
teD;tyg;üum; tjcm;ol wpfa,mufrQ rawGUrjrif&acs/ armifpH&Sm;onf xkdolu teD;odkU roGm;&ef
qGJiifxm;onfudk z,f½kef;NyD;vQif teD;odkU csOf;uyfMunfh½I&m xkdol\ vnfyif;rSm jywfvkrwwf&Sdatmif
'Pf&mBuD;wpfckESifh aoqHk;vsuf&dSaMumif; awGU&Sd&av\/ aoqHk;onfrSmvnf; rMumao;onf jzpfí aoG;wdkUrSm
,dkpD;xGufvsufyif &Sdao;\/
&S m;/ /]a[hvl? 'D&Gm bm&Gm ac: ovJ}
xkdol/ /]uRef;awmukef; ac:ygw,f}

&S m;/ /]aool[m 'D&Gmom;vm;? rsufESmudk Munfhprf;}
xkdol/ / (r&Jw&J Munfhvsuf) ] jrifawmh jrifzl;ovkdvdkyJ? 'D&Gmom;awmh r[kwfbl; cifAs}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm; emrnf b,fhES,fac: ovJ}
xkdol/ /]armifaygufp ygwJh cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]'D&Gmom;yJ [kwfp}
xkdol/ /]rSefygw,f cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]udkif; 'gjzihf? tavmif;udk usKyfwdkU apmifhaer,f? &GmolBuD;ESifh &Gmom; av;ig;a,mufavmuf oGm;NyD;
ac:acsayawmh}
xkdol/ /]uRefawmf wpfa,mufwnf;jzifh roGm;0Hhygbl; cifAsm? ocsØKif;ukef; vGefatmifjzpfjzpf vdkufydkUMuygOD; cifAsm}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wdkUonf xkdoludk vkdufydkUMu&m ESpfzmvHkrQ oGm;rdvQif okomefodkU

a&mufMuav\/ ¤if;udk ausmfvGefrdí armifpH&Sm;u xkdoltm; wpfa,mufwnf;oGm;&ef ajymaomtcg
armifaygufpu arSmfq&mBuD; OD;ay:odkif; onf &GmwGif;ü raexdkdifbJ ocsØKif;ukef;ESifh wpfzmvHkuGmavmufwGif
wpfa,mufwnf;aexkdifaMumif;? ,ckrSm ¤if;\ tdrfü vlolwpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ aexkdifjcif;r&Sdonf jzpfí
¤if;tdrfa&SUrS jzwfoef;í roGm;0HhaMumif;? odkUjzpfí ¤if;tdrfudk ausmfvGefonfh wkdifatmif vkdufydkUMuyg&ef
awmif;yefjyefonfwGif uRefawmfwdkUonf vkdufydkUMu&jyefav\/ wpfzmvHkc&D;rQ avQmufrdMuaomtcg
usm;vQmNcHKrsm; um&Hvsuf&Sdaom tdrftdkBuD;wpfaqmifudk awGU&SdMuav&m armifaygufpu ¤if;tdrfBuD;onf OD;ay:
odkif; \ tdrfjzpfaMumif;? OD;ay:odkif; rSm atmufvrf;q&m wpfa,mufjzpfonfh twkdif; o&Jobufrsm;udk
arG;jrLonfjzpfí &GmtwGif;ü raexkdifbJ okomefESifh eD;eD;aexkdifaMumif;rsm;udk ajymqdkNyD;vQif uRefawmfwdkUtm;
¤if;tdrfa&SUrS apmifhqdkif;íaevQif rdrdwpfa,mufwnf; oGm;0HhNyDjzpfaMumif;ESifh ajymqdkav\/
&S m;/ /]aeygOD; udk,fhvl? onfavmuf aMumufwwf&if wpfa,mufxJ &GmxJu bmudpEö Sifh xGufvmcJhovJ }
p/ /]OD;ausmfjidrf;&JU xef;awmrSm xef;&nfaomufaewmESifh rdk;csKyfoGm;vdkUyg cifAsm? xef;&nfaomufNyD; zJ0dkif;rSm
nOfUeufrSef;rod nOfUeufoGm;ygw,f cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]udkif; udkif; &Sdap? jrefjref jyefvmcJhaemf? tavmif;em;u usKyfwdkU apmifhaer,f}
armifaygufp xGufoGm;vQif
&S m;/ /]usKyfrSm vufESdyf"mwfrD; arhvmcJhNyDAsdKU udkodef;armif? cifAsm;rSm ygao;ovm;}
uRefawmf/ /]yg ygao;w,f}
armifpH&Sm;onf uRefawmf\xHrS vufESdyf"mwfrD;udk ,lNyD;vQif arSmfq&mBuD; OD;ay:odkif;aezl;aom tdrfBuD;odkU

xkd;Munfh&m tdrfa&SUwHcg;rSm raphwaph ydwfxm;onfudk awGUjrif&onfwGif
&S m;/ /]udkodef;armif? onftdrfBuD;xJudk usKyf0ifNyD; Munfhcsifw,fAsm? cifAsm; vkduf0Hh&JU r[kwfvm;}
a&TOa'gif;
uRefawmf/ /(cyfaMumufaMumufjzpfaomfvnf; &JcsifjyKí) ]uRefawmfhudk armifaygufp rSwfaeovm;? MunfhcsifvdkU

vkdufwmayghAsm? bmudpövJ}
&S m;/ /]bDvl;jzpfaew,fqdkwm [kwfavovm; atmufarhvkdUawmh r[kwfbl;? odkUaomf [kdrSm tavmif;awGUwJh
twGuf pHkaxmufcsifvdkUygAsm? udkif; vm 0ifMur,f}
uRefawmfwkdUonf 0if;twGif;odkU 0ifMuNyD;vQif tdrfa&SUavSum;rS tdrfay: odkU wufoGm;í wHcg;udk wGef;Munfh&m
wHcg;onf tvG,fwulyif yGifhoGm;av\/ armifpH&Sm;onf wHcg;0rS &yfvsuf vufESdyf"mwfrD;udk twGif;odkU
xkd;íMunfh&m tdyfcef;wpfcef;? {nfhcef;wpfcef;ESifh rD;zkdaqmifuav;twGuf wpfcef;? aygif; oHk;cef;rQom &SdaMumif;
awGUjrif&av&m tdrfaxmifrIypönf; [lívnf; rsm;pGm r&SdbJ {nfhcef;ü zsmuav;ESpfcsyf ? oifjzL;vdyfuav;wpfck ?
wdkifwpfwkdifü vG,ftdwfuav; wpfckcsdwfvsuf ? tcef;\ tv,fü oHk;ausmif;axmuf cHkuav; wpfck rQomvQif
&Sdonfudk awGUjrifMu&av\/
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf tdrfwGif;odkU 0ifoGm;ojzifh uRefawmfvnf; ¤if;\aemufrS vkdufoGm;cJh&m armifpH&Sm;onf
"mwfrD;a&mifudk wpftdrfvHk;tESHYtjym; vSnfhywfum xkd;í MunfhNyD;aemuf oHk;acsmif;axmuf cHkteD;odkU oGm;NyD;vQif
]tvdk 'gu bmawGvJAsdKU} [k ajymí zsmay:odkU ñTefjyav&m ol&d,owif;pm ig;apmifrQwdkUudk uRefawmf
jrif&avonf/ owif;pmwdkUrSm ywfxm;aom puúLrsm;udk zGifhí zwfNyD;jzpf[ef vu©Pm&Sdav&m armifpH&Sm;onf
&ufpGJrsm;udk aocsmpGm Munfh½INyD;aemuf
&S m;/ /]vlraebl;om qdkw,f? xl;qef;vSyguvm; udkodef;armif}
uRefawmf/ /]owif;pmawGu vlaoNyD;wJhaemufrS a&mufwJh owif;pm rdkUvkdUvm;? vydkif;ESifh rSmNyD;
zwfwJhvljzpfawmh vlaoayr,fh &ufraphrcsif; owif;pmwkdufu qufNyD; ydkUaerSmayghAs}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm; ajymyHkawmh owif;pmydkUwJh ukvm;u tdrfxJ0ifNyD; owif;pmawGudk azmufazmufNyD;rS
csxm;w,fayghav}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfw,fAsdKU? 'gawmhvJ xl;qef;w,f}
&S m;/ /]'gjzifh onf[mawGudk b,folazmufMunfhovJ}
uRefawmf/ /(aemufqHk;&ufpGJudk MunfhNyD;aemuf) ]wpfa,mufa,mufawmh onfuaeU onftdrfxJudk
trSef0ifw,fAsdKU? 0ifNyD; owif;pmawG awGUwmESifh azmufMunfh[ef &Sdw,f}
&S m;/ /]onfuaeU wpfaeUwnf; rubl;As? aeUwkdif; 0ifNyD; Munfh[ef&Sdw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]b,fhES,faMumifhvJAsm}
&S m;/ /]onfwpfaeUwnf; 0ifNyD; Munfh&if owif;pmawG[m azmufrdazmuf&m azmufzwfvdkU a&maESmNyD; ae&r,fAs?
tckawmh olU&ufpGJ ESifh ol Murf;ay:rSm tpOfvkduf xyfNyD; xm;wm awGU&w,f? aeUwkdif; zwf[ef oP²mefwlw,f?
odkUaomf aeOD;} [k ajymí armifpH&Sm;onf rdrdaqmifNrJjzpfaom rSefbDvl;udk xkwfNyD;aemuf owif;pm wpfapmifpD
aocsmpGm Munfh½INyD;vQif
&S m;/ /]usKyfxifwJh twkdif;yJ udkodef;armif? owif;pm tzHk;wkdif;rSm jrLuav;awG wifNyD;aew,f? wpfapmifzwfNyD;
csxm;&if jrLwifae&if wpf&ufyJ ? tm;vHk;azmufNyD; zwf&if tay:qHk; owif;pmrSmom jrLwif&r,f
r[kwfbl;vm;Asm}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfygayw,fAsm}
&S m;/ /]odkYaomf bmowif;rsm; awGUcsifvdkU aeUwkdif;rSefrSefvmNyD; zwfovJ Munfhprf;&atmifAsm} [k ajymí
armifpH&Sm;onf owif;pmrsm;udk wpfckpD vSefavSm Munfh½INyD;vQif
&S m;/ /]tvdk Munfhprf;AsdKU udkodef;armif? a[m'gu OD;ay:odkif; tedpöa&mufaMumif;udk "mwfyHkESifhwuG

xnfhxm;yguvm;} [k ajymNyD;aemuf owif;pmudk uRefawmhftm; vSrf;í ay;ojzifh Munfh½IonfwGif OD;ay:odkif; \
"mwfyHkwpfjcrf;ESifh wuG tedpöa&mufonfh taMumif;udk tusOf;csKyf a&;om;xm;&SdaMumif; awGU&\/ "mwfyHkwGif
awGU&Sd&onfh twkdif; axmufcsifh&aomf OD;ay:odkif; onf ESmacgif;cRefcRef rsufcHk;wkwfwkwf em;&Gufum;um;
yg;pyfNyJNyJ &Sd\/ tawmftwef cufxefonfh vu©Pmvnf; &Sd\/ uRefawmfonf "mwfyHkudk MunfhNyD;aemuf
ocFg&oabmw&m;udk rvGefqefEkdifonfh taMumif; awG;awmvsuf &dSpOf avSum;rS vQdKU0SufpGm qif;oGm;aom
ajcoHrsm;udk Mum;&ovdkvdk &Sd\/ OD;acgif;rsm; BuD;NyD; MuufoD;rsm;xvsuf armifpH&Sm;\ rsufESmudk Munfhvkduf&m
armifpH&Sm;vnf; uRefawmfuJhodkU Mum;&[ef&Sdí em;pdkufum &Sdaeav\/
aemufwpfcPü armifpH&Sm;vnf; xkdif&mrS ½kwfw&uf xí wHcg;&Sd&modkU ajy;oGm;av&m uRefawmfvnf;
aMumuftm;vefUtm;ESifh aemufrS uyfí vkdufygoGm;av\/ wHcg;udk wGef;NyD;aemuf tjyifodkU arQmfMunfhaomtcg
ukwfukwf ukwfukwfESifh 0if;tjyifodkU xGufoGm;aom vlwpfa,muf\ oP²mefudk &dyfceJ jrifvkduf&av\/ xdktcg
armifpH&Sm;vnf; avSum;ukd wpfBudrfvQif ESpfxpfoHk;xpfrQ ausmfqif;í vl&dyfjrif&modkU vkdufjyefav&m
uRefawmfvnf; xyfMuyfvdkufygoGm;&av\/
0if;jyifodkU a&mufaomtcg uRefawmfwdkUESifh ay 50 avmufwGif vsifjrefpGm avQmufoGm;aeaom vlwpfa,mufudk
jrifMu&ojzifh ajy;vTm;í vkdufMuav&m xkdolonf uRefawmfwdkU &Sd&modkU wpfBudrfrQ vSnfhrMunfhbJ
okomef&Sd&modkU pdkufpdkuf pdkufpdkufESifh oGm;av\/ xkdtcsdefüum; vrif;onf 0ifvkqJqJ &SdNyDjzpfav&m
uRefawmfwdkUrSm vrf;udk aumif;pGm rjrifEkdifonf jzpfí a&mf&rf;um vkdufMu&aomaMumifh ½kwfw&uf rrDEkdifbJ
wjznf;jznf;omvQif okomefESifh eD;í eD;í vmcJhav\/
xkdolonf okomefodkU a&mufNyD;aemuf OD;ay:odkif; \ t½dk;tdk; teD;odkU csOf;uyfrdavvQif uRefawmfwdkUESifh 15
aycefUrQom uGmavonfjzpf&m wdrfrsm; zkHk;tkyfvsuf&Sdaom vrif;onf 0ifawmhrnfhqJqJwGifrS EIwfqufbd
ouJhodkUaom taejzifh ½kwfw&uf wdrfMum;rS xGufay:cdkufESifh xkdolonf uRefawmfwdkU &dS&modkU vSrf;MunfhcdkufESifh
BuHKBudKufav&um; ¤if;\rsufESmudk xif&Sm;pGm jrifvkduf&onf jzpfí uRefawmfwdkUESpfa,mufpvHk;onf
wpfa,mufvufudk wpfa,mufudkifqGJum Muufaoaovsuf &SdaeMuav\/ xdkolrSm rsufcHk;wkwfwkwf
em;&Gufum;um;ESifh &Sdae&um; uRefawmfwdkU jrifawGU&aom "mwfyHktwkdif; woa0rwdrf; wlnDonf
jzpfaomaMumifh OD;ay:odkif; ygwum;[k rSwfxifrdMuaomaMumifh aywnf;/
xkdolonf ,if;uJhodkU wpfcPrQ vSnfhMunfhNyD;aemuf t½dk;tdk;\ tjcm;bufodkU avQmufoGm;ojzihf uG,faysmufí
oGm;av&m armifpH&Sm;onf tawmftwefyif wkefvIyfvsuf&Sd&mrS pdwfudkwif;í xyfrHvdkufoGm;jyefav\/
t½dk;tdk;\ tjcm;bufodkU a&mufaomtcgüum; xkdolrSm tpteyif rjrifvkduf&awmhacs/ ajrrsdKí oGm;bdouJhodkU
tvsif;aysmufí oGm;av\/ xkdtcg uRefawmfwdkUonf t&yfav;rsufESmudk arQmfíMunfhygaomfvnf; xkdoludk
rjrifojzifh wpfa,mufrsufESmudk wpfa,muf MunfhNyD;vQif
uRefawmf/ /]b,fhES,fxifovJ udkpH&Sm;? emembm0awG &Sdw,fvdkUom Mum;zl;w,f? onfwpfcgjzifh vufawGU
jzpfaeNyD xifw,f}
&S m;/ /]onfwpfcgawmhjzifh rajymwwfatmif jzpfaeNyDAsdKU? w,fMuyfyguvm; udkodef;armif}
xkdtcgü vloHrsm; Mum;ojzifh arQmfMunfh&m &Gmom;wdkUonf rD;pnf;rsm;ESifh vmaeMuonfudk ta0;u

jrifMu&av\/ teD;odkUa&mufvmMuaom tcg armifaygufpESifhwuG &GmolBuD;yg &Gmom;ajcmufa,mufwdkUonf
xrf;pifwpfckESifh vmMuaMumif; odMu&av&m uRefawmfwdkUonf tavmif;udk xrf;pifay: odkU ulnDí
wifMuNyD;aemuf &Gmom;rsm;ESifh twl &GmodkU vkdufMu&av\/ vrf;c&D;wGif
a&TOa'gif;
olBuD;/ /]cifAsm;wdkU b,fuvJ}

&S m;/ /]&efukef uyJ}
olBuD;/ /]emrnf b,fvdk ac: ovJ}
&S m;/ /]armifpH&Sm; ac:ygw,f}
olBuD;/ /]r*¾Zif;awGrSm zwfzl;wJh OD;pH&Sm; qdkwmrsm;vm;}
&S m;/ /]rSefygw,f}
olBuD;/ /]'gjzifh onfu udkodef;armifaygh}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfygw,f}
olBuD;/ /]tcefUoifhvkdufav cifAsm? tavmif;udkawGUwmvJ cifAsm;wdkUyJ awGUw,f? cifAsm;wdkU vlowfrIudk
cifAsm;wdkUyJ NyD;pD;atmif pHkaxmufay;cJhygawmh cifAsm}
armifpH&Sm;rSmvnf; xl;qef;aomtrIudk qHk;cef;wdkifa&mufatmif pHkaxmuf&ef qHk;jzwfNyD; jzpfav&um; uRefawmfwdkU
onf &GmolBuD; tdrfü wnf;cdk&ef vkdufygoGm;Muav\/
eHeufvif;í tdyf&mrS xMuonfESifh wjydKifeuf armifpH&Sm;u uRefawmftm; vrf;avQmuf&ef ac:oGm;NyD;vQif
vrf;c&D;ü ,refaeUnu ¤if;udk,fwdkif tawmftwef wkefvIyfcJhonf jzpfí xkdol\ ajc&mudk MunfhzdkU&m
owdarhavsmhoGm;aMumif;? xdkolonf awG;xifonfhtwdkif; emembm0 jzpfcJhvQif ajray:ü ajc&mxifrnf
r[kwfaMumif;? odkUjzpfí ajray:ü ajc&m xifrxif oGm;a&mufpHkprf; Munfh½Ivkdonf jzpfaMumif;ESifh ajymqdkí
okomef&Sd&modkU uRefawmftm; ac: oGm;av\/
uRefawmfwdkUonf a&S;OD;pGm arSmfq&mBuD; OD;ay:odkif; aetdrfodkU a&mufMuaomtcg avSum;tqif;rS pí
ajc&mrsm;udk Munfh½IMuaomfvnf; jrufyifrsm; xlxyfvsuf &SdonfjzpfaomaMumifh uRefawmfwdkU\ ajc&mrsm;udkvJ
rjrifEkdif? tjcm;ol wpfOD;wpfa,muf\ ajc&mudkvnf; rawGU&SdbJ &SdaecJhMuav\/ ¤if;ae&mrS wpfzef okomefodkU
vdkufoGm;Mujyef&m vrf;c&D;üvnf; ajc&mrsm;rawGUEkdifMuacs/ taMumif;udk qdkaomf xdkolonf vrf;½dk;rS roGm;bJ
jrufcif;yifrsm; xlxyfaom uGif;jyifwdkUrS jzwfoef;íokomefodkU wnfhwnfhavQmufoGm;jcif; jzpfaomaMumifh
uRefawmfwdkU\ ajc&mvnf; rxifEkdif? xkdol\ ajc&mvnf; rxifEkdifatmif &Sdaejcif; jzpfavonf/
okomefodkU a&mufMuí OD;ay:odkif;\ t½dk;tdk;teD;odkU a&mufMuaom tcgüum; uRefawmfwdkUrSm jrufyifrsm;
&Sif;vif;vsuf &Sdaom ajruGufwpfckay:ü xl;qef;vSaom tjcif;t&mwpfckudk awGUMu&ojzifh wpfa,mufrsufESmudk
wpfa,mufMunfhum ai;vsuf&SdaeMuav\/ taMumif;aomfum; jrufyifwGif ajc&mwpfck xifvsuf&Sd&m tvsm;
wpfawmifESifh vufav;opf? AsufrSm wpfrdkufcefU &Sdonfudk awGUMu&aomaMumifhwnf;/ tHhMojcif;
ajyaysmufaomtcg
uRefawmf/ /]b,fhES,fvJ udkpH&Sm;? vlom;pifppf qdk&if ajcaxmufajc&m onfavmufawmif BuD;Ekdifyghrvm;}
&S m;/ /]rSefw,f? 'Dajc&mavmufBuD;wJh vl[m tenf;qHk; tjrifh 15 ayavmuf &Sd&r,f? usKyfwdkU jrifwJhvl[mvJ
omrn t&yftarmif;yJ jzpfr,f}
uRefawmf/ /]'gjzifh emembm0 aygh}
&S m;/ /]emembm0 qdk&ifvJ ajc&mxifzdkU raumif;bl;As}
uRefawmf/ /]acsmufjcm; csifwJh twGuf ajc&mudk wrif xifatmif vkyfxm;csif xm;EkdifwmayghAsm}
&S m;/ /]rSefw,f? acsmufjcm;vdkwJh twGuf ajc&mvkyfxm;cJhw,f qdkwm usKyf oabmwlw,f} [k ajymNyD;aemuf
armifpH&Sm;onf rsufESmwpfrsdK;ESifh &Sdae&m uRefawmfrSm rnfonfhtwGufaMumifh xkdodkUaom rsufESmxm;rsdK;
&Sdaeonfudk xdktcgrawG;awmwwfbJ &SdaecJhav\/
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwdkUonf &GmolBuD;tdrfodkU jyefvmcJh&m vrf;c&D;ü armifpH&Sm;onf uRefawmftm; pum;
wpfcGef;rQ rajymbJ ¤if;\ xHk;pHtwkdif; aq;wHudk jyif;xefpGm ½SL½dIufum pOf;pm;pdwful;vsuf vkdufygvmcJhav\/
&GmolBuD;tdrfodkU a&mufMuaomtcg ausmif;q&mruJhodkU oyf&yfpGm 0wfqifíxm;aom rdef;rwpfa,mufonf
apmifhqdkif;vsuf&Sd&m &GmolBuD;u ¤if;oli,frrSm aovGefol OD;ay:odkif; \ tarGpm; tarGcH jzpfaMumif;?
&efukefNrdKUu rdef;uav;ausmif;ü q&mrtvkyfudk vkyfudkifí trnfrSm rBuD;a&TjzpfaMumif;ESifh todtuRrf;zGJUí
ay;avonf/
a&T/ /]onfuaeU ausmif;ydwfwmESifh armfawmfum;ESifh a&mufvmcJhygw,f&Sifh? OD;pH&Sm; a&mufaew,f Mum;vdkU
uRefrrSm 0rf;omrdygw,f&Sif? tvum;yg&Sif? awmom;awG[m xifrdxif&m avQmufavQmufNyD; ajymwwf
Muygw,f? uRefrwdkU OD;av;udk atmufvrf;q&mqdkNyD; o&Jjzpfoav;? obufjzpfoav;ESifh oGm;ykwfavvGifh
ajymaeMuwm yaysmufatmif wqdwf vkyfay;cJhyg&Sif}
&S m;/ /(oli,fr\ rsufESmuJ udk cwfvsuf)] OD;ay:odkif; [m touftmrcHrsm; xm;ovm;}
a&T/ /]5000d xm;w,fvdkU ajymygw,f&Sif? uRefrudkyJ tarGcH tarGpm; tjzpfESifh tmrcH ukrÜPDrSm
trnfoGif;NydD;xm;cJhygw,f? tckawmh cufaewmu olvJ aoa&m ukrÜPDpmcsKyfawGuvJ b,frSmxm;cJhrSef; rodvdkU
tckxufxd aiGrxkwf&ao;atmif &Sdaeygw,f&Sif? 'gaMumifh tdrfxJrSm wpfcgxyfNyD; &Smr,fvdkU uRefr vmcJhjcif;
jzpfygw,f}
&S m;/ /]OD;ay:odkif; aoqHk;pOf tcgu rdef;uav; vmao;ovm;}
a&T/ /]uRefru acgif;oGif;NyD;rS a&mufygw,f&Sif}
&S m;/ /]bma&m*gESifh tedpöa&mufovJ}
a&T/ /]avoifwkef;rdvdkU ½kwfw&ufqHk;w,fvdkU ajymMuygw,f&Sif? &Gmom;awGu OD;ay:odkif; qdk&if b,favmuf
raMumufwwfw,f? aMumufwwfw,f rajymESifhawmh? aowmawmif tdrfay:udk rwufMubl;? okb&mZm
vuftyfNyD; acgif;oGif;cdkif;Muygw,f&Sif}
&S m;/ /]'gjzifh tavmif;udk q&mrvJ rjrif? &Gmom;xJuvnf; b,folrS rjrifvdkufMu&bl;vm;}
a&T/ /]rSefygw,f}
&S m;/ /]oN*ØK[fNyD;aemuf pmcsKyfawG &Sma&m qdkygawmh}
a&T/ /]rSefygw,f? toufaygifxm;w,f qdkvdkU pmcsKyfudk &Smvdkufwm? wpftdrfvHk;ESUHaeyga&m&Sif? b,frSmrS
rawGUbl;? 'gaMumifh pdwfrauseyfao;vdkU ,cktcg xyfNyD; &SmzdkU vmcJhygw,f}
&S m;/ /]tavmif;udk rD;oN*ØK[fNyD;rS *loGif;ovm;? onftwdkif; oGif;ovm;}
a&T/ /onftwdkif;yJ uRefr *loGif;xm;ygw,f&Sif? udkif; OD;pH&Sm;ESifh pum;ajymae&wmawmh aumif;yg&JU? odkUaomf
uRefrudpöav; NyD;pD;atmif tcsdef&Sdcdkuf oGm;NyD; &Smprf;yg&apOD;&Sif}
[k ajymNyD;aemuf rBuD;a&Tonf &Gmom; oHk;av;a,mufwdkUESifh OD;ay:odkif;\ aetdrfodkU oGm;av\/ &GmvlBuD;vnf;
,refaeUnu tavmif;ESifh ywfoufí aqmif&Guf&ef&Sdaom udpörsm;udk aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sd&m
uRefawmf/ /]b,fhES,fvJ udkpH&Sm;? b,fvdkxifovJ}
a&TOa'gif;
&S m;/ /]uRefawmfawmh OD;ay: odkif; aow,f rxifbl;}

uRefawmf/ /]touftmrcH ukrÜPDudk vdrfvnfNyD; aiGxkwfzdkU BuHpnfMuw,f xifoayghav}
&S m;/ /]tppfyJ}
uRefawmf/ /]'gjzifh aiGxkwf&if OD;ay:odkif; xkwfrSmaygh}
&S m;/ /]olrxkwf&if b,folxkwfrvJ? 'gaMumifh pmcsKyfawG rawGYbJ jzpfaewmaygh}
uRefawmf/ /]'gjzifh touftmrcH ukrÜPDudk taMumif;Mum;zdkU rvkdbl;vm;Asm}
&S m;/ /]bmqdkifovJ? usKyfwdkUudk touftmrcH ukrÜPDu iSm;xm;wmrS r[kwfbJ? odkUaomfvnf; ,ck vlowfrIrSm
vufo,f[m b,folb,f0g jzpfw,f? OD;ay:odkif;\ tavmif;xifrSwfNyD; *loGif;xm;wJhol[m b,foljzpfw,f
qdkwmudkawmh usKyfwdkU pHkaxmufMu&vdrfhr,f}
uRefawmf/ /½kwfw&uf tBuH&í ]aMomf wefawmhAsdKU? acgif;xJrSm tavmif; ygw,f rygbl; qdkwm b,folrS
trSefrajymEkdifbJ? wu,fvdkU cyfav;av;&Sdatmif wpfckck xnfhNyD;xm;&ifvJ &Gmom;awG ,HkMunf&r,f
r[kwfvm;Asm}
&S m;/ /]rSefw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]'gjzifh *lazmufNyD; MunfhMu&if raumif;bl;vm;Asm}
&S m;/ /]usKyfvJ onfvkdyJ BuHpnfaew,f? odkUaomf azmufMunfhzkdU qdk&if trdefUawG bmawG cHaeMu&vdrfhr,f?
trdefUcHaew,f qdk&if Mumaevdrfhr,f? usKyfwdkUvJ rapmifhEkdifbl;}
uRefawmf/ /]'gjzifh b,fhES,fvkyfrvJ Asm}
&S m;/ /]onfuaeUn ESpfa,mufxJ wdwfwdwfuav; zGifhNyD; Munfhvkduf&atmif}
uRefawmf/ /]vkyfavAsm}
______
aeUvnftcsdefcefUü q&mr rBuD;a&Tonf uRefawmfwdkU&Sd&m olBuD;tdrfodkU vmNyD;vQif OD;ay: odkif; \ aetdrfü

wpftdrfvHk; tESHYtjym; &SmazGcJhaomfvnf; rnfonfhae&mrS pmcsKyfudk rawGU&SdaMumif;? rdrdrSmvnf; Mum&SnfpGm
raeEdkifonf jzpfí jyef&rnf jzpfaMumif;ESifh ajymqdkNyD;vQif uRefawmfwdkUtm; EIwfqufí armfawmfum;jzifh
jyefoGm;av\/
¤if;nOfU 12 em&Dausmf tcsdefcefUwGif wpf&GmvHk; tdyfaysmfvsuf &SdMuonf jzpf&m uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wdkUonf
vufESdyfrD;wpfckESifh &GmolBuD;\ tdrfrS vQdKU0SufpGm qif;vmNyD;vQif okomefodkU oGm;Muav\/ OD;ay: odkif; \ *lodkU
a&mufMuaomtcg uRefawmfwdkUonf vufESdyf"mwfrD;ESifh *l0odkU xdk;MunfhonfwGif *lrSm oHwHcg;jzifh ydwfxm;í
aomhcwfvsuf&SdaMumif; awGU&Sd&av\/ xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;rSm ydwfxm;aom aomhcavmufudk zGifhonf t&mXmeü
olcdk;rsm;xufyif uRrf;usifol wpfa,mufjzpfav&um; rdrdüygaom vufeuf ud&d,mrsm;ESifh prf;oyfzGifhvSpf&m
em&D0uftwGif; aomhyGifhav\/
xkdtcg uRefawmfwdkUonf oHwHcg;udk qGJzGifhí twGif;odkU "mwfrD;jzihf xkd;í MunfhonfwGif omrnopfom;jzihf
oifhavsmfatmif jyKvkyfxm;aom acgif;wpfckudk awGU&Sd&av\/ ¤if;aemuf ESpfa,mufom;wdkUonf acgif;udk
vufudkifrS udkifí qGJxkwfMu&m tawmftwefyif av;vHonfjzpfí wpfckck xnfhoGif;í xm;aMumif;udk
,HkrSm;zG,f&m r&Sdacs/
acgif;udk ajray: odkU csNyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf acgif;zHk;ü pkyfxm;aom 0uftlrsm;udk 0uftlvSnfhjzifh vSnfhí
zGifh&m 0uftlwpfacsmif;udk zGifhrdyifvQif ykyfa[mifaom teHUwdkUonf acgif;twGif;rS axmif;ceJ xGufvmonf jzpfí
wpfpHkwpfa,muf\ tavmif;yg&SdaMumif;udk od&SdMu&av\/ 0uftlwpfacsmif;NyD; wpfacsmif; zGifhavav?
ykyfpyfaom teHUwdkUonf wdk;íwdk;í vmavav &SdcJh&m uRefawmfwdkUrSm vufudkifyk0grsm;jzifh ESmacgif;yg;pyfwdkUudk
vHkNcHKatmif Muyfwnf;pGm pnf;Mu&av\/
aemufqHk;0uftl zGifhNyD;aomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf acgif;udk acgif;&if;zufodkU wGef;z,fí vufESdyf"mwfrD;jzifh
xdk;Munfhaomtcg ESpfa,mufom;wdkUrSm tHhMopGmESifh ai;vsuf&SdaeMu&av\/ uRefawmfwdkU\ xifjrifcsufrSm
xkdtavmif;onf OD;ay:odkif;\ tavmif; r[kwf[k aumif;aumif;BuD; awG;xifMuNyD; jzpf&m uRefawmfwdkU
jrifMu&aom tavmif;rSm q,f&ufcefUMumNyD jzpfí ykyf&dvsuf &Sdaomfvnf; ESmacgif;cRefjcif;? rsufcHk;wkwfjcif;?
yg;pyfNyJjcif;? em;&Gufum;jcif; tp&Sdaom tjcif;t&mwdkUudk xif&Sm;pGm awGUjrif&onf jzpfaomaMumifh OD;ay:odkif;\
tavmif;ppfppf jzpfaMumif; od&Sd&av\/
xdktcg armifpH&Sm;u ]usKyfwkdU onfwpfcsuf tawG;acsmf jyefNyDAsdKU} [k ajymNyD;aemuf acgif;udk wpfzef jyefí
ydwfNyD;vQif 0uftlrsm;udk rlvtwdkif; jyefí pkyfMu&av\/ 0uftlig;acsmif;cefU pkyfrdMuvQif reD;ra0;rS cRwfceJ
jrnfoH Mum;Mu&av&m uRefawmfwdkUrSm ,cifurl OD;ay:odkif; aoonfr[kwf[k ,HkMunfxm;NyD; jzpf&m
aMumuf&GHUjcif; uif;vsuf&Sd&mrS ,ckwpfzef OD;ay:odkif; trSefwu,f aoqHk;aMumif; od&Sd&NyD;aemuf xdktoHrsm;udk
Mum;&½HkrQESifh ,refnOfUu tjzpftysuf rsm;ESifh wuG wpfawmifausmf cefUrQaom ajc&mBuD;udk owd&NyD;vQif
MuufoD;rsm; x acgif;rsm;BuD;í cwfwa&mfaom udk,f&Sdí zsOf;ceJ jzpfoGm;av\/ armifpH&Sm; vufESdyf"mwfrD;ESifh
toHMum;&mudk xdk;Munfh&m rnfonfht&mrQ rjrif t½dk;tdk;a[mif;rsm;udk omvQif awGUMu&av\/
xkdUaemuf 0uftlrsm;udk qufvufydwfMuNyD;vQif NyD;pD;onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf oHwHcg;udk zGifhí armifpH&Sm;u acgif;udk
ae&mü jyefí rxm;ao;rD *ltwGif;odkU vufESdyf"mwfrD;jzifh xdk;í Munfhvkduf&m ]tvkd w,fae&musyguvm;?
MunfhvSnfhprf;AsdKU udkodef;armif} [k ac:iifojzifh uRefawmfvnf; ¤if;\ aemufrS wGif;xJodkU qif;vkdufav\/
*ltwGif;ü wpfpHkwpfa,mufaom olu csJUxGifxm;onf jzpfí tawmfyifus,f0ef;vsuf &Sd&m atmufodkUvnf;
OrifvIdPfacgif;ozG,f wl;í xm;av\/ armifpH&Sm;vnf; "mwfrD;udk udkifvsuf a&SUrS oGm;í
uRefawmfvnf;aemufrS vkdufNyD;vQif vdIdPfacgif;udk MunfhaeMuqJwGif tjyifrS acsmif;ueJ toHwpfckudk
Mum;&NyD;aemuf oHwHcg;vnf; ydwfoGm;av\/ ¤if;aemuf aomhcavmufudk tjyifrS ydwfvkdufonfh toHudk
Mum;Mu&av\/
uRefawmfrSm wHcg;ESifh teD;qHk; &Sdaeonfjzpfí wtm;wGef;í zGifhygaomfvnf; ryGifhbJ &Sd&m armifpH&Sm; udk,fwkdifu
ulnDí ESpfa,mufom; wGef;Muygaomfvnf; tenf;i,frQ vIyf&Sm; a&GUvsm;jcif; r&SdbJ NrJckdifpGJNrJpGm &Sdaeav\/
&S m;/ /]udkif; wpfcgjzifh *lxJrSm ydwfNyD;om; jzpfaeNyD? reufvif;rS &Gmu zGifhay;rSyJ xGufMu&awmhrSmyJ AsdKU}
uRefawmf/ /]vlydwfwmvm; wapäydwfwmvm;}
&S m;/ /]wapäqdkwm ydwåmayghAs}
uRefawmf/ /]r[kwfbl;Asm? vlvmNyD; ydwfovm;? wapä vmNyD; ydwfovm; ar;ygw,f}
&S m;/ /]vlpifppfyg udkodef;armif? wapär[kwfygbl;? udkif; udkif; rxGufEdkifr,fh twlwl vdkPfacgif;xJudk
pHkprf;MutHk;pdkUAsm}
a&TOa'gif;
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf vufESdyf"mwfrD;ESifh atmufodkU oGm;aom tacgif;udk xkd;í MunfhonfwGif vlwpfa,muf

acsmifcsdpGm ykef;atmif;í aeEkdifaom ae&mvyfwpfckudk awGUonfhtjyif "mwfyHkwpfckESifh pmtdyfav;ig;vHk;udk
awGU&Sd&av\/
armifpH&Sm;onf "mwfyHkudk ,líMunfh&m rdef;rwpfa,mufonf uav;ESpfa,mufudk 'l;wpfbufwpfcsufwGif wifí
½dkufxm;aom yHkjzpfaMumif; awGU&SdMu&av\/ armifpH&Sm;onf "mwfyHkudk twefMumatmif pkdufí MunfhNyD;aemuf
]atmifr,fav; tckrS &dyfrdawmhw,fAsm } [k ajymí uRefawmfu ]bmrsm; &dyfrdwmvJ Asm} [k ar;aomtcg
armifpH&Sm;onf rdef;r"mwfyHkudk qHxHk;a&m udk,fyg vufjzifh uG,fNyD;vQif rsufvHk; rsufcHk;wkdUudkom ay:apvsuf
&S m;/ /]udkif; Munfhprf;? b,folESifh wlovJ}
uRefawmf/ /]OD;ay:odkif; "mwfyHkESifh wlw,fAsdKU? rdef;rvkd 0wfNyD; ½kdufxm;wmvm;}
&S m;/ /]w,ftwJh vlyJ? OD;ay:odkif; r[kwfbl;As? OD;ay:odkif; &JU taryHkyJ? a[monf uav; ESpfa,mufu t&G,fvJ
wlw,f? ½kyf&nfvJ wlw,f? tjrTmarG; jzpf&r,f? tJ'gaMumifh OD;ay:odkif; u olUnDudk owfNyD; touftmrcH
ukrÜPDu aiGudk vdrfxkwfwm jzpf&r,f}
uRefawmf/ /]aMomf &dyfrdNyDAsdKU? 'gjzifh ckeifu tavmif;u OD;ay:odkif; tavmif; tppfr[kwf? olESifh nDtpfudk
trTmarG;ayghAsm}
&S m;/ /]tppfyJ}
uRefawmf/ /]ckrSyJ &Sif;ayawmhw,fAsm? 'gjzifh OD;ay:odkif;udk &SmzdkU &Sdawmhwmyav}
&S m;/ /]wHcg;udk tjyifu ydwfwm olayghAsm? reufvif;vdkU &Gmu usKyfwkdUudk vkduf&Sm&if awmfyg&JU? rawmfvdkUrsm;
OD;ay:odkif; udk aMumufwmESifh okomefudk rvm0HhbJ &SdaeMu&if usKyfwdkUawmh rGwfwmayghAsm}
uRefawmf/ /]cifAsm;ES,fAsm? aMumuf&wJh txJrSm rvSefUprf;ygeJUAsm}
&S m;/ /]udkif; oifhawmfovkd MunfhNyD; awG;MuOD;pdkUAsm? tdyfaysmfr,fawmh r[kwfygbl;? udkodef;armif usKyf
aq;vdyfraomuf&bl;vm;AsdKU}
uRefawmf/ /]rvkyfygESifh q&mBuD;&,f? av0ifayguf r&SdbJESifh rGef;NyD; aoMuygr,f}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwdkUonf eH&Hudk rSDum ikdufrsOf;vsuf &SdaeMuav\/ uRefawmfrSm arS;ueJ jzpfí oGm;pOf
oHwHcg;udk ]'Hk; 'Hk; 'Hk; 'Hk;} ESifh wD;acgufoH Mum;ojzifh rsufpdudk zGifhMunfhaomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf tjyifu vlrsm;
Mum;atmif wD;acgufvsuf &SdaMumif; od&Sd&av\/ xkdtcg tjyifrS toH ]b,folvJ txJu}
&S m;/ /]usKyfwkdUyg}
toH/ /]usKyfwkdU qkdwm b,folvJ}
&S m;/ /]armifpH&Sm;yg olBuD;&JU? &efukefu pHkaxmuf armifpH&Sm;av}
toH/ /]BuHBuHpnfpnfAsm? b,fhES,f txJ a&mufaeMuovJ}
&S m;/ /]aemufawmh ajymygr,f? zGifhprf;ygOD;As}
¤if;aemuf vloHrsm;ESifh oHwl&Gif; uvefUoHrsm;udk Mum;&NyD;vQif ig;rdepfcefU Mumaomtcg oHwHcg; yGifhoGm;av\/
xdktcsdefüum; rkd;aumif;pGmvif;í 7 em&D tcsdefcefU &SdNyD jzpfavonf/
tjyifodkUa&mufaomtcg olBuD;u ajymjyonfrSm v,fxGeform;wpfa,mufonf okomefteD;rS jzwfí
oGm;aomtcg acgif;BuD; tjyifodkU a&mufaeonfudk jrifojzifh xl;qef;aom tjcif;t&mudk rdrdtm; vma&muf
wdkifwef;aMumif;? rdrdu &Gmom;rsm;pkaqmif;í taMumif;rnfodkU&Sdonfudk pHkprf;jcif; jzpfaMumif;? wkdifwef;pOf

tcguyif armifpH&Sm;wkdU aysmufoGm;aMumif; odojzifh ¤if;wkdU vufcsufjzpfonfudk awG;xifrdaMumif;rsm;ESifh
jyefajym av\/
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUonf &GmolBuD;tdrfodkU a&mufoGm;MuNyD;vQif armifpH&Sm;onf ,refnOfUu *lwGif;rS
awGUcJhaom pmrsm;udk zwfMunfh&m ¤if;wkdUrSm OD;ay:odkif; xH ¤if;\ nDtpfudk awmfol OD;oHcJ ay;vkdufaom
pmrsm;jzpfaMumif;? vu©PmrSm OD;oHcJ qkdolonf &mZ0wfjypfrIjzpfí 0g;&rf;ajy;vsuf&SdpOf OD;ay:odkif; u pm;&dwf
axmuf&aMumif;? ¤if;xHodkUvnf; rMumrMum vma&mufí aMu;aiGrsm; ñSOf;avh&SdaMumif;? OD;ay:odkif;u ray;Ekdif[k
jiif;qefaomtcg twif;t"r®awmif;cH[ef &SdaMumif;rsm;udk ¤if;pmrsm;udk zwfjcif;tm;jzifh &dyfrdEkdifay\/
uRefawmf/ /]EkdU aeygOD;Asm ? OD;ay:odkif; udk rdatmif b,fhES,fzrf;rvJ}
&S m;/ /]rcufygbl;Asm? b,frS rajy;ygbl;? 'Dtem;wif &Sdygw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]b,fhES,faMumifh cifAsm; odovJ}
&S m;/ /]touftmrcH ukrÜPDrS pmcsKyfawGu usKyfqD a&mufaew,f? ol b,frS rajy;Ekdifbl;}
uRefawmf/ /]EkdY aeygOD;As? ajc&mBuD; wpfawmifavmufawGUumu b,fhES,fvJAs}
&S m;/ /]OD;ay:odkif; u olUudk bDvl;jzpfaMumif; &Gmom;rsm;u xifrSwfaMumif; odavawmh aMumufonfxuf
aMumufNyD; olU t½kd;tkd;em; roGm;0Hhatmif opfom;ajcaxmufBuD; vkyfNyD; ajc&mcsxm;wmygAs}
xrif;pm;aomufíNyD;MuvQif armifpH&Sm;onf&GmolBuD;ESifhwuG&Gmom;av;ig;a,mufwkdUudkac:iifNyD;vQif OD;ay:odkif;
\ aetdrfodkU oGm;a&mufMuav\/ ¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;vnf; xif;rsm;udk ckwfapí tdrf\ ywf0ef;usif
vSnfhywfum 0kdif;&HNyD;vQif rD;½dIUap&m rD;rsm; twefi,f ylvmonfESifh wjydKifeuf tdrfrdk;ay:rS vlwpfa,muf
azmufxGif;í ay:vmav\/ xkdtcg &Gmom;wkdUvnf; ]wapäacsmufw,f wapäacsmufw,f} [k atmf[pfvsuf&Sd&m
&S m;/ /]wapär[kwfygbl; AsmwkdU? OD;ay:odkif; pifppfyg? b,fhES,fvJ OD;ay:odkif; tvG,fwulESifh tzrf;cHrvm;?
rD;½dIUNyD; owf&rvm;}
odkif;/ /]tzrf;cHygawmhr,fAsm}
&S m;/ /]udkif; rD;awG jidrf;Muprf;Asm}
OD;ay:odkif; udk zrf;qD;&rdaomtcg
&S m;/ /]OD;ay:odkif;? rSefrSef tppfcHrvm;}
odkif;/ /]cHygawmhr,fAsm}
&S m;/ /]udkoHcJudk owfwm cifAsm;awmh r[kwfbl; [kwfvm;}
odkif;/ /]r[kwf&ygbl;Asm? t&ufrl;NyD; aowmyg}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm; 0Sufxm;wm b,favmufMumNyDvJ}
odkif;/ /]wpfvavmuf &SdygNyD}
&S m;/ /]olaooGm;awmh cifAsm;ESifh ½kyfqif;wlavawmh touftmrcHaiGudk cifAsm; vdrfvnfzdkU BuHpnfw,f [kwfp}
odkif;/ /]rSefygw,f}
&S m;/ /]'gavmufESifhrsm; vlwpfa,mufudk aemufxyfNyD; owfypfygayw,fAsm}
a&TOa'gif;
odkif;/ /]onfvlu aocsifawmh usKyfESifh yufyif;yg awGUNyD; cifAsm; aow,fqdk bmvkyfaeovJwJh ar;awmh
usKyfu usKyftrI ay:rSm pdk;wmESifh vkyfrdvkyf&m vkyfvkdufrdygayw,f}
&S m;/ /]udkif; udkodef;armif? usKyfwkdU jyefzdkU &Sdawmhw,f}
NyD;ygNyD/
_________
10/ OD;atmif'Gef;udk b,folowfovJ

tcsdKUaom olwkdUonf vlwpfOD; wpfa,muf\t*Fg½kyfudk Munfh½ItuJcwfjcif;tm;jzifh xkdol\ tusifhpm&dwåESifh
wuG pdwfaeoabmxm;udk cefUrSef;EkdifMuonfjzpf&m uRefawmf\rdwfaqG armifpH&Sm;rSm ¤if;twwfynmü
wpfzufurf;cwf wwfajrmufonf[k uRefawmfxifjrifoabm &&SdcJhygaMumif;? ¤if;ynmudk toHk;jyKjcif;tm;jzifh
armifpH&Sm;onf xkdolum; jypfrIusL;vGefaomol jzpf\/ xdkolum; jypfrIusL;vGefaomol r[kwfEkdif&m ponfjzifh
qHk;jzwfajymqkdEkdifcJhonf jzpf&m atmufü a&;om; azmfjyvwHhaom tjzpftysuftaMumif;t&mwkdUrSm
armifpH&Sm;onf ¤if;twwfynmudk toHk;jyKjcif;tm;jzifh vlwpfa,mufrSm BudK;rdefUusvkqJqJ &Sd&mrS toufcsrf;om
&cJhzl;aom tw¬KyÜwådjzpfavonf/
uRefawmfwkdUonf txufjrefrmjynfrS &efukefjrdKUodkU qkdufa&mufMuNyD;aemuf uRefawmfrSm cGifh&uf
raphukefao;onf jzpfí armifpH&Sm;ESifhtwl &mZ0wf½Hk;rsm;odkU armifpH&Sm;\ jyKjrJxHk;pHtwkdif; oGm;a&mufvnfywf
Munfh½IMuonf/ puf&Sif½Hk;odkUa&mufí w&m;cHwpfa,muftm; w&m;olBuD;\ a&SUodkYoGif;vmonfudk awGUjrif
Mu&av\/ xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;onf w&m;cH\ trlt&m t*Fg½kyfudk aphaphMunfhNyD;aemuf trIvkduf tifpydwfawmf
tm; rnfonfhtrIESifh pGyfpGJxm;aMumif; ar;jref;&m trIvkduf tifpydwfawmfu abmif'&Dvrf; vlowfrIESifh
pGyfpGJxm;aom w&m;cH armifxGef;pdef jzpfaMumif;ESifh jyefajymav\/ ¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUonf w&m;vkdbufrS
wifjyaom oufaorsm; xGufqkdcsufudk tenf;i,f &yfwefUem;axmifvsuf &SdMupOf pHkaxmuftifpydwfawmf
armiftkef;azonf ½Hk;ay: odkU wufvmí uRefawmfwdkUudk jrifonfESifh
az/ /]tvkd q&mwkdU jyefa&mufvmMuNyDvm;? b,fwkef;u a&mufvmMuovJ q&m}
&S m;/ /]onfreufyJ a&mufw,f udktkef;az? 'gxuf onftrIrSm w&m;cHudk vufqkyfvufudkif rdwmvm;?
odkUr[kwf pHkaxmufvkdU &wmvm; udktkef;az}
az/ /(EIwfcrf;arG;udk owfvsuf) ]pHkaxmufvkdU ay:wJh trIyg q&m? q&m r&Sdayr,fh uRefawmfvJ
wpfrIwpfavawmh ay:atmif pHkaxmufEkdifygao;w,f}
&S m;/ /]tifrwef xif&Sm;ovm;Asm}
az/ /]xif&Sm;qdk onfhxuf xif&Sm;wJh trI b,frSm &dSao;ovJ q&m? w&m;cHawmh BudK;u b,fvGwfrvJ}
&S m;/ /]udktkef;az onfuaeU nae rtm;bl;vm;}
az/ /]tm;ygw,f q&m? bmjyKvkdUvJ}
&S m;/ /]tm;vkdU&Sd&if usKyfwkdUtdrfudk naeavmuf tvnfvmapcsifw,fAsm}
az/ /]vmwmaygh q&m? ig;em&Davmuf a&mufatmif vmcJhygr,f}
&S m;/ /]vmjzpfatmif vmcJhprf;ygAsm}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUonf ½Hk;rS qif;í vmcJhMu&m

&S m;/ /]r[kwfvQifvJ vGJa&mh? w&m;cH Munfh&wm &mZ0wfaumifESifh rwlygbl; cifAsm? b,fhES,fxifovJ
udkodef;armif}
uRefawmf/ /]bmaMumifhvJAsm? vlyHkuav; oem;urm; rdkUvm;}
a&TOa'gif;
&S m;/ /]vlacsm&if &mZ0wfrI rjyKbl;vkdU cifAsm;udk b,fol ajymovJ ? q&mr rav;ar owfwkef;u
armifbxGef;xuf b,folacsmOD;rSmvJ}
uRefawmf/ /]EkdU bmaMumifhvJAsm}
&S m;/ /]usKyfpdwfu xifvkdU qkdygawmhAsm? vlt*Fg½kyf taMumif;udk aemufrsm;rS pmtkyfwpftkyf xkwfOD;r,f}
uRefawmf/ /]cifAsm;u t*F0dZÆmvJ wwfovm;}
&S m;/ /]a&S;uvJ ynm&SdawG &Sdw,f udkodef;armif&JU? ynmawG wdrfaumNyD; vlawGu toHk;rjyKwwfvdkU
wpwpuG,faysmufNyD; cifAsm;wdkU aemufaygufawG[m toHk;rus jzpfukefMuwmAs}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfuJh tbkd;&,f}
,if;uJhodkU &,farm ajymqkdMuNyD;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUonf pum;p jywfí bk&m;ukef;awmf? wd&dpämef½Hk ponfwdkUü

wpfaeYvHk;vnfywfjcif;jzifh tcsdefukefvGefcJhav\/
naetcsdefwGif tdrfodkU jyefa&mufMuNyD;aemuf cPrQ Mumaomtcg tifpydwfawmf armiftkef;azonf
rSmxm;onfYtwkdif; tdrfay: odkU wufvm&m armifpH&Sm;u c&D;a&mufrqkdufyif aeUvnfu trItaMumif;udk rdrdtm;
jyefajym&ef wkdufwGef;ojzifh armiftkef;azonf tprS tqHk;wkdif jyefajymav\/ tcif;oGm;udk armiftkef;az\
pum;twkdif; a&;om;azmfjy&aomf tqifrajyrnf pdk;ojzifh uRefawmfu 0w¬KoGm;tjzpfESifh atmufygtwkdif;
jyifqifa&;om; azmfjy&aytHh/
______
abmif'&Dvrf; ("r®apwDvrf;) OD;jym;awm&ESifh teD;wGif odkufjrdKufcrf;em;aom bkdtdrfBuD;rsm;onf pDwef;vsuf&Sd&m

wpfckaom wkdufcHtdrfBuD;üum; pufolaX; OD;atmif'Gef;ESifh ¤if;\ ZeD; pufolaX;uawmf rapmNrdKif wkdU
aexkdifcJhav\/ OD;atmif'Gef;rSm caemifwkdbufü qefpufBuD; ESpfvHk; &SdcJhonf jzpf&m rdrd\ yxr r,m;BuD;
aoqHk;onfh tcgwGif om;orD;vnf; rusef&pf? t&G,frSmvnf; 50 eD;yg;rQ &SdcJhNyD jzpf&um;
BuD;yGm;wkd;wufvkdaom pdwfqEúkefcrf;cJhNyD;vQif ¤if;qefpufvkyfief;udk rdrd\ nDwpfa,mufrS aygufzGm;cJhaom
armifxGef;pdef qkdol rdrd\ wltm; vTJtyfvkyfudkif apcJhav\/ ¤if;pufrsm;udk armifxGef;pdeftm; vTJtyfcJhonfhtcg
wl0&D;ESpfa,muf y#dnmOfjyKMuonfrSm armifxGef;pdefu qefpufESpfvHk;udk rdrdoabmtwkdif; pDrHcefUcGJ
vkyfudkifNyD;vQif wpfvvQif OD;atmif'Gef; oHk;pGJaexkdif&ef twGuf 1500 usyfrQ vpOfay;tyf&ef
y#dnmOfjyKvkyfcJhavonf/ ,if;uJhodkU vTJtyfNyD;aemuf OD;atmif'Gef;onf abmif'&Dvrf;ü tdrfBuD;wpfvHk; iSm;&rf;
aexkdifcJh&m wpfESpfausmf ESpfESpfcefUrQ aexkdifcJhaomtcg pyg;yGJpm;BuD; wpfOD;\ orD; rapmjrdKifESifh
aphpyfxdrf;jrm;cJhav\/ xkdtcg rapmjrdKifrSm toufESpfq,fausmfuav;rQ jzpfí vSywifhw,faom ½kyftqif;
ESifhvnf; jynfhpHkcJh&m OD;atmif'Gef;rSmrl touf 50 ausmfrQ&Sdaom rkqkd;zdkBuD; jzpfojzifh ypönf;udk rufarmí
vufxyfjcif; jzpfonf[k rdwfo*F[wkdU\ pGyfpGJuJh&JUjcif;udk cHcJh&av\/
OD;atmif'Gef;onf r,m;acsm rapmjrdKifESifh taMumif;qufí aygif;zufaexkdifcJhonfh tcg avmuü
BuD;yGm;vkdao;aom pdwfwdkUonf wzefjzpfay:í vmjyefav&um; rdrd\vkyfief;udk armifxGef;pdeftm;
vTJtyfcJhrdonfrSm rSm;avonf[k atmufarhcJhrdav\/ odkU&mwGif y#dnmOf jyKvkyfNyD;ojzifh rzsufaumif;onfh tjyif
wpfvvQif 1500 usyfrQaom aiGudk rSefuefpGm &&SdcJhonf jzpfaomaMumifh vifudk,fr,m; vSypGm
pm;aomufavmufygNyD [lí atmufarhcJh&av\/
tbkd;BuD;wdkUrSm r,m;tEktacsmudk &cJhonfhtcg igaoaom tcgü ig\ r,m;onf qif;&J&pf&Smrnf?

yifyef;&pf&Smrnf ponfjzihf awG;awm ylyef&SmMupjrJ jzpfav&um; r,m;uvnf; wkdufwGef;EId;aqmfonf
jzpfaomaMumifh OD;atmif'Gef;onf rdrd\ toufudk aiG 30000 usyfESifh touftmrcH xm;cJhav\/ tqkdyg aiG
30000 usyfrSmvJ rdrdaoqHk;onfhtcg r,m;tm; ay;tyf&pf&ef vufrSwfxkd;NyD; jzpfav\/
wl0&D;ESpfa,mufwkdU jyKvkyfMuaom y#dnmOfpmcsKyftaMumif;ESifh pyfvsOf;í azmfjya&;om;&ef usefao;onfrSm
OD;atmif'Gef;onf rdrd\ vkyfief;udk wl armifxGef;pdeftm; vTJtyfcJhonfh tcg rdrdrSm om;r,m;,l&ef
tBuHtpnfvnf; r&SdcJhonf wpfaMumif;aMumifh pufESpfvHk;ESifhwuG qufoG,fvsuf &Sdaom taqmuftOD;
tm;vHk;wkdUudk armifxGef;pdeftm; tNyD;tydkif ay;tyfNyD;vQif rdrd raorDtwGif; raorjcif; wpfvvQif aiG 1500
usyfus armifxGef;pdefu toHk;p&dwf axmufyHh&ef csKyfqkdcJhjcif; jzpfavonf/ xkdYjyif OD;atmif'Gef;rSm xdkpOftcgu
rusef;rrm &Sdae&um; q&m0efBuD;rsm;u tvGefqHk;tm;jzifh OD;atmif'Gef;\ toufydkif;rSm oHk;ESpfav;ESpfrQomvQif
&SdaMumif;ESifh xGufqdkMuonf jzpfaomaMumifh armifxGef;pdefonf xdky#dnmOfpmcsKyfudk txl;auseyfcJhav\/
odkU&mwGif tvkyfudk vTJtyfNyD;aemuf wpfESpfcefUrQ &Sdaomtcg aumif;rGefpGm usef;rmvmcJhí rao½HkrQru
tdrfaxmif&ufom; jyKEkdifaom tajcodkUyif qdkufa&mufcJhjcif; jzpfav\/
xdktjcif;t&mudk armifxGef;pdef od&Sd&aomtcg ESpf v tenf;i,frQomvQif 0efxrf;&rnf[k atmufarh&mrS
ESpfaygif;Mum&SnfpGm wpfvvQif aiG 1500 usyfrQ ay;ae&rnfh oabm taMumif;udk awGUjrif&aomtcg
ESvHk;rom,mjcif; jzpfrnfrSm "r®wm oabmyif jzpfayvdrfhrnf/ odkUjzpfaomaMumifh armifxGef;pdefonf rdrd\
bBuD;tdrfodkU &Hzef&Hcg vma&mufvnfywfonfhtcg OD;atmif'Gef;rSm aornfESifh a0;pG wpfaeUwjcm;
EkysdKívmonfudk awGUjrifav&um; pdwf\ r&Tifysjcif; jzpfonfudk OD;atmif'Gef;u awGUjrifonfESifh rcHcsifatmif
ysuf&,fajymqdkavh&SdonfrSm
'G ef ;/ /]xGef;pdefu ighpufawGudk 0,fzkdU pmcsKyfwkef;u vlaovufxJu ajz,l&wJh ypönf;vdkU atmufarh[efwlw,f?
tckawmhrS onfavmuf t& racsmifrSef; odvkdU pdwfnpfaeNyDvm; uGJU}
pd ef / /]r[kwfygbl; bBuD;&,f} [k ajym&aomfvnf; bBuD;0rf;wGif;rSm ykPÖm;ygonf [líomvQif rdrdudk,fudk
ajymqkdcJhav\/
,if;uJhodkU&SdonfhtwGif; pufuav;&SifwkdUonf EkdifiHjcm; pufBuD;orm;wkdU\ zdESdyfjcif;udk cH&onfjzpfaomaMumifh
qefaps;rudkufbJ jzpfNyD;vQif armifxGef;pdef\ vkyfief;rSmvnf; tjrwftpGef; r&&Sdonfhtjyif vkyfief;rysuf
ap&efudkyif tEkdifEkdif BuHíae&onf jzpf&um; OD;atmif'Gef;tm; ay;&aom vpOfaMu;aiGonf armifxGef;pdefü
tvGefw&m 0efav;cJhav\/ xkdtawmtwGif; armifxGef;pdefrSm tvkyfrsm;ü pdwfnpfonfu wpfaMumif;?
aiGrvnfí Muyfwnf;onfu wpfaMumif;? vkyfief;onf Z,m;rudkufojzifh pdwf½Iyfonfu wpfaMumif; wkdUaMumifh
rusef;rrm jzpfNyD;vQif OD;atmif'Gef;\ tdrfü acwå vma&muf wnf;cdkaexkdif cJhav\/ ,if;uJhodkU twlwuG
aexkdifvsuf &SdMuonfh wl0&D; ESpfa,mufwdkUonf aeUpOf rjywf pum;rsm;vsuf wusufusuf &SdaeMuav\/
tcsif;jzpfyGm;MuNyD; OD;atmif'Gef;onf tcef;wGif; wpfa,mufwnf; vrf;avQmufvsuf ]acG;rom;? tifrwef
aus;Zl;uef;wJh acG;rom;? 'if;ESifh igESifhawmh odMua&maygh[,f} tp&Sdaom pum;rsm; a&&Gwfajymqkd onfudk
tapcHwkdUyif Mum;Mu&zl;av\/ ,if;uJhodkU wl0&D; ESpfa,mufwkdU wpfa,mufwpfcGef; tjyeftvSef ajymqkdMuonfh
tcg tapcHwkdU &SdMuí rapmNrdKif wpfa,mufomvQif &,fEkdifNyHK;Ekdif &Tif&Tifjyjy&Sdvsuf rnfol\ bufodkUrS
0ifa&mufulnDjcif; rjyKbJ &Hzef&Hcg ESpfOD;ESpf0 auseyfavmufatmif jzefajz ajymqkdavh&Sdav\/
armifxGef;pdefonf OD;atmif'Gef;\ tdrfü aexkdifvsuf&SdpOf rpf&Sifvrf; (,ck tvHkvrf;) ü aexkdifaom oli,fcsif;
aiGwkduf0efaxmuf armifbaomf\ aetdrfodkU naewkdif; wif;epfoGm;í upm;avh&dSav\/ ,if;uJhodkU
oGm;a&mufonfhtcg armifbaomfu armfawmfum;ESifh vmvmí ac:NyD;vQif jyefaomtcgüvnf; xkdenf;twl
um;ESifh vkdufí ydkUwwfav\/ trIjzpfyGm;aom naeüum; armifbaomfu vma&mufac:iifjcif; rjyKojzifh
a&TOa'gif;
armifxGef;pdefu OD;atmif'Gef;tm; armfawmfum; acwåiSm;&rf;&ef ajymqkdav&m OD;atmif'Gef;u riSm;vkdaMumif;

ajymqkdojzifh wl0&D;ESpfa,muf tcsif;jzpfyGm;Muonfudk tapcH bkd;rSefu wpfcGef;wpfav Mum;rdav\/
'G ef ;/ /]igum;0,fxm;wm rif;taysmfpD;zkdU 0,fxm;wm r[kwfzl;uG? od&JUvm;}
pd ef / /]onftaumifu ezl;uacR; ajcr usatmif vkyfEkdifvdkU cifAsm; pD;EkdifwmygAsm? tEkdUrkdU um;a0;a&mh?
vefjcm;awmif cifAsm; rpD;&bl;As}
'G ef ;/ /]a[h rif;u vefjcm; r[kwfbl;? rom&xm;BuD; igpD;oGm;wm jrifcsifvSygNyDuGJU? igodygw,f}
pd ef / /]jrifcsifw,fAsm ? bmjzpfovJ}
xkdcPü rapmNrdKifonf opfvGifaom t0wftpm;rsm;ESifh jyHK;&,fum tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifvmí wl0&D; ESpfa,mufwkdU
&efjzpfjcif; taMumif;&if;udk od&SdonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf
]vmygav udkxGef;pdef? uRefrvJ azazwkdU tdrfudk oGm;r,fvdkU rpf&Sifvrf;udk a&mufOD;rSmyJ ? uRefrum;ESifh
vkdufcJhwmaygh? tjyefawmh awmfovkd BuHzefNyD; jyefcJhwmaygh &Sif} [k ajymNyD;vQif vifjzpfol OD;atmif'Gef;\ teD;odkU
csOf;uyf ycHk;udk ykwfum ]udkudkBuD;u w,fNyD; pdwfwkdwmudk;? vlykrS pdwfqkd;w,f qkdygw,f? vl&Snfrsm;vnf;
a'go tBuD;om;yJudk;? udkif; udkif; vm udkxGef;pdef oGm;Mur,f}
¤if;aemuf armifxGef;pdefESifh rapmNrdKifwkdUonf um;xm;aom ae&modkU oGm;MupOf rapmNrdKifu armifxGef;pdeftm;
NyHK;&,fum ajymvkdufonfudk tapcHbkd;rSefu Mum;&onfrSm
NrdKif / /]udkxGef;pdefuvnf; onf;cHrSaygh? tbkd;BuD;qkdwm toufBuD;awmh pdwfwkdwwfwm rsdK;uvm; udkxGef;pdef&JU}
pd ef / /]wkdyJ wkdvGef;vSw,fAsm? tckwavm pHzJ xaew,f ajymw,f? onfvlBuD;rsm; vmNyD; owfoGm;&if
awmfava&mhr,fAsm}
¤if;wkdU ESpfa,muf um;ESifh xGufoGm;MuNyD;aemuf OD;atmif'Gef;onf xkdif&mrS xí pBuøavQmuf&if;
vufoD;vufarmif; wef;vsuf &Sdonfudkvnf; tapcHbkd;rSefu awGUjrif&av\/
rapmNrdKifonf rdrd\ rdbrsm;tdrfrS jyefvmaom tcg rdr\ cifyGef; OD;atmif'Gef;rSm a'go rajyaysmufao;atmif
&dSaeonfudk awGUjrifonfESifh &,fp&m armp&m pum;wkdUudk &TifjyaomrsufESmxm;ESifh tvsifrjywf ajymqdkav&m
OD;atmif'Gef;onf rsufarSmifMuKwfjcif; ajyaysmufaomfvnf; 0rf;wGif;ürl waiGUaiGU avmifuRrf;vsuf&Sdonfh
vu©PmESifh qdwfNidrfpGm &SdcJhav\/
ntcg xrif;pm;csdef a&mufaomfvnf; armifxGef;pdefonf tdrfodkU rjyefvmao;bJ &dSav&m
'G ef ;/ /]a[h bkd;rSef? xrif;jyifavuG,f? 7 em&D xkd;ygNyDaum}
rS ef / /]udkxGef;pdef rvmao;vkdU cifAs}
'G ef ;/ /]olrsm; pm;csdef jyefrvmwJh taumif? iwfoGm;&ifaum oem;&OD;rSmvm; uGJU}
NrdKif / /]jyifomjyifyguG,f? rif;jyifwkef; a&mufvmygvdrfhr,f}
xrif;jyifNyD;í xrif;pm;Muaomtcg armifxGef;pdef ray:vm? xrif;pm;í NyD;Muaomfvnf; rjyefvmao;bJ
&Sdav\/
n 9 em&Dxkd;ojzifh tdyf&modkU 0ifumeD;wGif OD;atmif'Gef;u bdk;rSeftm; ..
]udkif;? rif;vJ tdyfacsawmh ? xGef;pdefvm&if igudk,fwkdif wHcg;zGifhay;r,f? rif; rzGifhESifh Mum;vm;}
rS ef / /][kwfuJh cifAs}
10 em&Dxkd;onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf bkd;rSefonf tdrfa&SUrS jrif;&xm; wpfpD; &yfoHMum;&ojzifh armifxGef;pdef

jzpfaMumif;odaomfvnf; OD;atmif'Gef;u zGifhray;&ef rSmxm;ojzifh zGifhí ray;0HhbJ &Sdav\/ tapcHruav;
rd&SifESifh xrif;csuf rdef;rBuD; a':ausmh wkdUrSmrl rdk;uav; wpdrfhpdrfh &Gmaeojzifh tdyfaysmfvsuf &SdaeMuav\/
OD;atmif'Gef;ESifh ZeD; rapmNrdKifwkdUrSmrl 9 em&Dausmfausmfavmuf tcsdefu tdyf&modkU0ifMuí wpftdrfvHk;rSm rD;jidrf;NyD;
ojzifh armifxGef;pdef a&mufvmaom tcgü jywif;ayguf? wHcg;ayguf tp&SdonfwkdUudk ydwfqdkUNyD;jzpfí
arSmifESifhrnf;rnf; &SdNyD;vQif rkd;uav;vJ wzGJzGJ &Gmvsuf&Sdav\/
yxrü tdrfwHcg;udk ajz;ñSif;pGm acgufoHMum;NyD;aemuf vlrsm;rEkd;Muonfudk awGUojzifh
wjznf;jznf;us,fonfxuf us,favmifpGm wD;acguf[pfatmf ac:iifvsuf&Sd&m acG;rsm;rSmvnf; wpDpDESifh &Sdojzifh
rd&SifESifh a':ausmh wkdUyifvQif tdyf&mrS Ekd;Mu&mwGif wHcg;zGifh&eftvkyfrSm bkd;rSef\ tvkyfjzpfí rxbJ &SdMu&m
bkd;rSefuvnf; rzGifh&efrSmxm;aomaMumifh rzGifh0HhbJ em;axmifíom aeav\/
tdrfa&SUrS acgufoHatmfoHrsm; Mum;&NyD;aemuf vlrsm;rEkd;onfESifh tdrfaemufrS vSnfhí aemufaz;wHcg;udk
acgufoHudkvnf; tapcHrsm; Mum;Mu&av\/ odkUygaomfvnf; tapcHwkdUonf rdk;at;at;ESifh auG;vsuf&SdMu&m
wpfcPrQ Mumaomtcg aemufaz;rS aoewfoHwpfcsufudk ½kwfw&uf Mum;&av\/ xkdtcg tapcHwkdUonf
em;pGifhí axmifMuaomfvnf; xyfrHí vloH[lí rMum;&bJ rdk;uav; wpdrfhpdrfh usvsuf&Sdonfh toHudkomvQif
Mum;Mu&av\/ xkdtcg tapcHtm;vHk;wkdUonf xívnf; rMunfh0Hh? tdyfvnf; rtdyf0HhbJ wkefvIyfum
&SdaeMuonfwGif rapmNrdKifonf a':ausmhESifh rd&SifwkdU tdyfaomtcef;odkU vufESdyf"mwfrD; wpfckudk udkifvsuf
0ifvmum
]a':ausmh a':ausmh ? xprf;ygOD;&Sifh? 'ku©jzpfukefMuNyD xifw,f? xprf;ygOD;&Sifh ? bkd;rSefudkvnf; EId;prf;ygOD; }
xkdtcg tapcHtm;vHk;wkdUonf tdyf&mrS vl;vJí xMu&m bkd;rSefu "mwfrD;rsm;udk zGifhvkdufojzifh tvGefw&m
aMumuf&HGUwkefvIyf[ef vu©Pm&Sdaom rdrdwkdU\ ocifrudk jrifaomtcg omíyif wkefvIyfMuav\/ xkdtcg
rapmNrdKifonf bkd;rSef\ vufxJodkU "mwfrD;udk xnfhvsuf ]aemufaz;wHcg;aygufu xGufMunfhprf;uG,f?
vufESdyf"mwfrD;ESifh xkd;Munfhprf;yguG,f} [k wkefkwkefvIyfvIyfESifh ajymojzifh aMumufaMumuf&GUH&GUHESifh
aemufaz;wHcg;aygufrS &yfum vufESdyf"mwfrD;ESifh xkd;íMunfhvkdufonfwGif yxravSum;xpfay:wGif
rnf;rnf;t&m0w¬Kudk awGUjrif&av\/ ¤if;aemuf aocsmpGm xyfrHMunfh½IonfwGif ]atmifr,fav; vkyfMuygOD;Asm}
[k [pfatmfrdav\/ taMumif;udkqdkaomf avSum;xpfay:ü wpfydkif;wpfp? ajray:ü wpfydkif;wpfp wifvsuf
OD;atmif'Gef;\ tavmif;onf aoG;yGufyGuf ,dkpD;vsuf tvsm;arSmufum &Sdaeonfudk awGUjrif&aomaMumifh
jzpfay\/ bkd;rSefatmfoH Mum;onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf rd&SifESifh a':ausmh wkdUvnf; rnfodkUjzpfrSef; rod&ao;rD u,fyg
,lygESifh wpmpm atmf[pfvsuf&SdMu&m rapmNrdKifwpfa,muf omvQif tdajE´qnfEkdifonfh vu©Pm &Sdav\/
¤if;aemuf armfawmfum; armif;orm;udkvnf; Ekd;apNyD;vQif bdk;rSefESifh um;armif;orm;wkdUonf OD;atmif'Gef;\
tavmif;udk tdrfwGif;odkU ayGUcsDí oGif;cJhMuav\/ ¤if;aemuf XmemodkU w,fvDzkef;ESifh taMumif;Mum;&m
Xmemtkyfu vma&mufMunfh½INyD;aemuf xkdtrIonf armiftkef;az\ vufodkU a&mufav\/
tifpydwfawmf armiftkef;azonf trIESifh ywfoufí oGm;a&mufpHkprf; ppfaq;onfhtcg wl0&D;ESpfa,mufwkdU
roifhrwifh &SdMuí rMumcP ckduf&efjzpfyGm; pum;rsm;Muonfrsm;udk od&Sd&onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf OD;atmif'Gef;tm;
owfaomolrSm tjcm;r[kwf armifxGef;pdefyif jzpfonf[k xifjrifoabm &&SdcJhav\/ armiftkef;az
a&mufoGm;NyD;aemuf tavmif;udk aocsmpGm Munfh½I&m tavmif;rSm &if0ü aoewf'Pf&m wpfckudk awGU&Sd&í
usnfqefonf ESvHk;om;udk azmufxGif;í oGm;onf jzpfaomaMumifh OD;atmif'Gef;onf yGJjcif;NyD; aoqHk;aMumif;
od&Sd&av\/ xdkUjyif tavmif;ESifh udkufaygif; ESpfq,fausmfcefU a0;uGmonfh tdrfaemufaz; 0if;jyifüvnf;
ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewf wpfvufudk awGU&Sd&av\/ ¤if;ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewfrSmvnf; OD;atmif'Gef;\
aoewfyiffjzpfaMumif; od&Sd&aomfvnf; OD;atmif'Gef;onf rdrdudk,fudk rdrd aoewfESifh ypfowfonf[k ,lq&ef
a&TOa'gif;
rsm;pGm cJ,Of;av\/ taMumif;udk qdkaomf OD;atmif'Gef;onf rdrd\ &if0udk aoewfESifh ypfNyD;aemuf

udkufaygif;ESpfq,fcefU a0;onfht&yfodkUa&mufatmif aoewfudk vTifhypf&ef rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQ
rwwfEkdifaomaMumifh jzpfayonf/
odkYjzpfaomaMumifh ykvdyft&m&SdwkdU\ xifjrifcsufrSm wpfpHkwpfa,mufaom olonf ¤if;aoewfESifh
OD;atmif'Gef;tm; teD;rS uyfí ypfowfNyD;aemuf tdrfaemuf 0if;x&Hudk ausmfí xGufajy;&m aoewfudk
ajy;&if;vTm;&if; usef&pfonfjzpfap? odkUwnf;r[kwf rdrd\ vufü aoewfawGU&Sdu tjypfa&mufonfudk owd&í
wrifcsxm;cJhonf jzpfap jzpf&rnf[k xifjrifoabm &&Sdav\/ ¤if;aoewfrSm OD;atmif'Gef;\ aoewfyif
jzpfav&um; armiftkef;azu rapmNrdKiftm; xkdaoewfudk armifxGef;pdef udkifwG,fonfudk jrifzl;avoavm? xkdnü
OD;atmif'Gef;\ tdyf&mteD;ü aoewfudk jrifrdygoavm[k ar;jref;&m rapmNrdKifonf aoewfudk armifxGef;pdef
b,ftcgrS rudkifwG,fzl;aMumif;ESifh tppfcHav\/ odkU&mwGif tapcHwkdUurl &Hzef&Hcg armifxGef;pdef\ vufü
xdkaoewfudk jrifzl;aMumif;ESifh tppfcHMuavonf/ odkUjzpfí armiftkef;az\ xifjrifcsufrSm armifxGef;pdefonf
rapmNrdKifESifh cspfBudKufaeMuonf jzpfí umuG,fvkdaom oabmESifh vdrfvnfí tppfcHonf[k xifjrifcJhav\/
¤if;taMumif;rsm;udk armiftkef;azu jyefajymif;ajymjyNyD;aom tcg
&S m;/ /]aeygOD; udktkef;az&JU? onfaoewfu armifxGef;pdef vufxJ b,fenf;ESifh a&mufEkdifovJ}
az/ /]ol ,loGm;csif ,loGm;Ekdifwmudk; q&m}
&S m;/ /]wif;epfupm; oGm;w,fqdk r[kwfvm;As? wif;epfupm;oGm;&mrSm ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewfudk
,loGm;yghrvm;Asm}
az/ /]q&m 0if½IyfvQifawmh uRefawmhf[mawG tlaygufukefawmhr,f? tdrfay:u OD;atmif'Gef;u a'gowBuD;ESifh
aoewfudkifNyD; qif;vmawmh wl0&D; ESpfa,muf pum;rsm;NyD; armifxGEf;pdefu olUvufxJu aoewfqGJvkNyD;
olUjyefypfvQifaum q&m}
&S m;/ /]tapcHawGvJ Ekd;aew,fqdk r[kwfvm;? wu,fqkdawmh pum;rsm;MuvQif Mum;MuzdkUaumif;w,f}
az/ /]rdk;uvJ &Gm? tdrfBuD;uvJ BuD;awmh wpftdrfvHk;vHk;awmh Mum;aumif;rS Mum;Mur,f q&m&JU? NyD;awmhvJ
wl0&D;ESpfa,mufu enf;enf;rS oifhjrwfMuwm r[kwfbl;? cPcPvJ &efjzpfMuw,f? NyD;awmh OD;atmif'Gef;
ao&ifvJ armifxGef;pdefrSm wpfv aiG 1500 usyf tay;&Nidrf;oGm;r,f? [kdnuvJ wHcg;udk twefwef
acgufvkdacguf ac:vkdac: jyKvsufESifh zGifhray;vkdU pdwfqdk;NyD; ae&wJhtxJ OD;atmif'Gef;u vmwnfhNyD;
rcHcsifatmifajymr,fqkdawmh jyKrdjyK&m rjyKrdaybl;vm; q&m? NyD;awmh wpfcsufuvJ aiGwkduf0efaxmuftdrfrSm
[kdnu armifxGef;pdefu npmpm;oGm;wJhtcgrSm taomufuav; enf;enf;vGefoGm;w,fvdkUvJ owif;Mum;w,f
q&m}
&S m;/ /]EkdU aeygOD;Asm ? OD;atmif'Gef; aoNyD;wJhaemuf cifAsm; olUtdrfudk a&mufawmh 0if;xJrSm ajc&mawG bmawG
cifAsm; Munfhao;ovm;}
az/ /]uRefawmfu reufvif;rS a&mufoGm;w,f q&m? uRefawmfa&mufawmh nuvJ rdk;uav;u &Gmxm;avawmh
ajc&m&,fvkdU xifxif&Sm;&Sm; bmrS uRefawmf rawGU&bl;}
&S m;/ /]OD;atmif'Gef;u xkdnu tdyf&mxJ 0ifNyD;rS xoGm;owJhvm;}
az/ /]tdyf&mxJ 0iftdyfNyD;rS armifxGef;pdefu tdrfa&SUu awmfawmfMumatmif acgufawmhrS tdyf&mu aigufueJ
xNyD; qif;oGm;w,fvdkU rapmNrdKifu ajymw,f q&m}
&S m;/ /]onfhjyif xl;jcm;wJh tcsuf? bmrsm;awGUjrif&ao;ovJ As}
az/ /]aMomf wpfckawmh&Sdw,f q&ma&U? OD;atmif'Gef;[m aoonfhtcgu olUajcaxmufrSm zdeyfpGyfvsuf r&Sdbl;?

olUzdeyfudk tdyf&mem;rSm awGUvkdU MunfhwJhtcgrSm &THUawGuyfaewm awGU&w,f? zdeyfudk "mwkaA'q&m ½Hk;odkU
ydkUwJhtcgrSm zdeyfrSm uyfaewJh &THU[m tdrf0if;xJrSm &SdwJh ajrBuD;ESifh wlnDaMumif; tppfcHw,f? &THU&SdwmuvJ
rkd;&GmNyD;wJhaemufrS &SdwJh&THUjzpfavawmh xkdnu onfzdeyfrSm b,fenf;ESifh &THUuyfae&w,f qkdwm aumif;aumif;BuD;
r&Sif;vif;bl; q&m}
&S m;/ /]onfwpfcsufawmh awmfawmfaumif;w,fAsdKU? odkUaomf cifAsm; b,fhES,fxifovJ? rapmNrdKifu
b,fvkdrsm;ajymovJ}
az/ /]rapmNrdKifu ajymawmh tdyfumeD;rSm OD;atmif'Gef;u tdrfatmufqif;NyD; tdrfudk ywfywfvSnfhovkdvdk
ajymw,f}
&S m;/ /]rapmNrdKifESifhvJ usKyfawGUcsifoAsm? udktkef;az ckeifu ajymwJh zdeyfawGvJ usKyf Munfhprf;csifw,f}
az/ /]'gawmh rcufygbl; q&m? olUtdrfoGm;vQif awGUMu&rSmygyJ? tcsdefvJ &Sdygao;&JU? onfuaeU oGm;csifvQif
vkdkufwmaygh q&m}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdUonf armiftkef;azESifhtwl abmif'&Dvrf;odkU um;wpfpD;ESifh
oGm;a&mufMuav\/ xkdtcsdefonfum; n 7 em&Dausmf &SdNyDjzpfí OD;atmif'Gef;\ tdrfrSm "mwfrD;rsm;
xdefxdefvif;vsuf &Sd&m tdrfwGif;odkU 0ifrdMuí armiftkef;azu armifpH&Sm;\ trnfudk rapmNrdKiftm;
ajymíjyonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf rapmNrdKifonf armifpH&Sm;tm; avmuGwfysLiSm {nfhcHav\/ rapmNrdKifrSm touf
ESpfq,fausmfcefU &Sdí ao;ao;oG,foG,f jzLjzLpifpif &Sdvsuf e*dktm;jzifh &Tifjyaom oabm&Sdaom
oli,frwpfa,muf jzpfav&m vifa,mufsm; aoqHk;NyD;p jzpfaomfvnf; rsm;pGm pdwfnpfnL;onfh vu©Pmr&SdbJ
tusÐyg;ESifh ZmabmfvD? vHkcsnfüvnf; tem;yef;rsm; xkd;vsuf odkufNrdKufwifhw,fpGm 0wfqifxm;onfudk
awGU&Sd&av\/
NrdKif / /]<uyg&Sif <uyg? OD;pH&Sm;qkdwm emrnfujzifh BuD;ygay&JU? vlcsif; rjrifzl;aomfvnf; emrnfudkawmh
Mum;&wm MumvSygNyD&Sif? ,ck vludk,fwkdif tdrfudk <uvmayvdkU awGU& jrif&wm trsm;BuD; 0rf;omygw,f &Sif}
&S m;/ /(rapmNrdKif\ rsufESmudk aphaphMunfhvsuf) ]onftrIrSm rapmNrdKif b,fvkd oabm&ovJ}
NrdKif / /]uRefrjzifh rxifwwfatmif &Sdaeygw,f}
&S m;/ /]armifxGef;pdef owfw,fqkdwm r[kwfEkdifbl;vkdU uRefawmfxifw,f}
NrdKif / /(0rf;omtm;&ESifh )]udkif; b,fhES,f&Sdp tifpydwfawmfrif;? uRefru tpuwnf;u rajymbl;vm;?
b,fenf;ESifhrS armifxGef;pdef owfwm r[kwfygbl;vkdU uRefr ajymygw,f&Sif}
az/ /]armifxGef;pdef rowfvQif b,folu owfOD;rSmvJ cifAsm}
NrdKif / /]'gawmh b,fajymwwfrvJ&Sif? vlqdk;qdkwm csdKaygufwmrS r[kwfbJ? owfcsifwJhvlu
acsmif;NyD;owfrSmaygh&Sif}
&S m;/ /]'gxuf [kdnu OD;atmif'Gef;&JU zdeyfrSm &THUawG vl;aew,fvdkU Mum;ygw,f? wqdwf Munfhyg&apAsm}
NrdKif / /]&THUawGawmh &Sdrxifygbl;&Sif? okwfypfvkdufNyD xifyg&JU? zdeyfawmh Munfhcsif MunfhEkdifygw,f}
¤if;aemuf rapmNrdKifonf tapcH bkd;rSeftm; zdeyfudk ,lcJh&ef apvTwfvkduf&m bkd;rSefonf w½kwfcsKyf ywåLzdeyf
ta[mif;wpf&Hudk tcef;wGif;rS ,lvmcJhav\/ xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;onf zdeyfudk udkifí rSefbDvl;ESifh aocsmpGm
Munfh½INyD;aemuf ..
a&TOa'gif;
&S m;/ /]onfzdeyfudk OD;atmif'Gef; toHk;rjyKwm awmfawmfMumNyD xifw,f}

NrdKif / /][kwfuJh&Sif? wpfcg wpfcgrS olpD;w,f}
&S m;/ /]onfzdeyfwpfzuf uRefawmf zsufMunfhyg&apAsm}
NrdKif / /]zdeyfta[mif;BuD;uyJ &Sif? zsufcsif zsufwmaygh}
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;onf ywåLtxnfudk armif;cs"m;ESifh vSD;jzwfNyD;aemuf twGif;rS atmufcHom;a&udk aocsmpGm
rSefbDvl;ESifh Munfh&m rdrdarQmfvifhonfh twkdif; wpfpHkwpfckudk awGU&Sdonfh vu©PmESifh rsufpcsDvsuf &Sdav\/
xkdtjcif;t&mudk rapmNrdKifonf rsufpdvQifol wpfa,mufjzpfí awGUjrif&aomtcg
NrdKif / /]bmrsm;awGUvkdUvJ &Sif OD;pH&Sm;}
&S m;/ /]onfzdeyfudk OD;atmif'Gef; rpD;wm MumwJhtaMumif; awGU&vkdU ygAsm? OD;atmif'Gef; rpD;ay;r,fh [kdnu
wpfa,mufa,muf pD;wJh vu©Pm &Sdw,f}
NrdKif / /(&,farmvsuf) ]BuHBuHpnfpnf&Sif? olU zdeyfudk ol rpD;vkdU b,folu pD;OD;rSmvJ &Sif}
&S m;/ /]b,fol pD;w,fawmh rajymwwfao;bl;? odkUaomf olUajc&mawmh r[kwfbl;}
NrdKif / /(rsufESmysufaomfvnf; [efaqmifum&,farmvsuf) ]vludkrS rjrif&ao;bl;bJESifh olUajc&m [kwfr[kwf
ajymEkdifwm awmfvJ awmfygayw,f&Sif? 'gaMumifhvJ OD;pH&Sm;qdkwm ausmfMum;aywmyJ}
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;onf rdrdtm; avSmifajymifí ysuf&,fajymqkdonfudk yrmPrjyKbJ rdrdar;&ef ar;cGef; av;ig;cGef;
udk ar;jref;NyD;aemuf rapmNrdKiftm; EIwfqufí uRefawmfwdkUonf tdrfrS xGufvmcJhMuav\/ rapmNrdKifrSmrl
uRefawmfwdkU jyefvmaom tcg vmptcgu uJhodkU &Tifjyaom trlt&m r&SdbJ tenf;i,fawGa0vsuf
usef&Sd&pfav\/ vrf;c&D;wGif
az/ /]b,fhES,fvJ q&m ? zdeyfudk OD;atmif'Gef; rpD;bJ wpfa,mufa,mufu pD;w,f qdkwm wu,fvm;Asm}
&S m;/ /]wu,fygAsm}
az/ /]EkdU b,folvJq&m}
&S m;/ /]rapmNrdKifav}
az/ /(thHMovsuf ) ]q&m b,fhES,fodovJ}
&S m;/ /]zdeyfu rpD;wm Mumavawmh twGif;u jrLawGwifaew,f As? ywåLudk "m;ESifh cGJMunfhawmh
rdef;rajc&muav; awGUwmayghAs}
az/ /]'gjzifh rapmNrdKif owfwmayghav q&m}
&S m;/ /]onfvkdvJ usKyfrqkdvkd? zdeyfudk [kdnu rapmNrdKif pD;wJh taMumif;udkom usKyf ajymvkdw,f}
az/ /]b,fvdk &nf&G,fcsuf &SdvkdUvJ q&m }
&S m;/ /]aiG 30000 usyf &zdkU &nf&G,fcsuf ayghAs}
az/ /]b,fu aiG 30000 usyfvJ q&m}
&S m;/ /]touftmrcHxm;wJh aiG 30000 usyf av? touftmrcHxm;wJh Oya' t&rSm udk,fhudk,fudk owfvQif aiG
r&bl;? olwpfyg;u owfvQif aiG&w,f ? onfvkd r[kwfvm;}
az/ /][kwfw,f q&m}
&S m;/ /]tJ'gaMumifh onfaiGudk &atmif rapmNrdKifu qifwmayghAsm}

az/ /]'gjzihf OD;atmif'Gef;[m olwpfyg; owfvdkU aoonf r[kwf? olUudk,fol owfwmaygh q&m}
&S m;/ /]onfvkdyJ usKyf ,lqw,f? odkUaomf armifxGef;pdefudk usKyf cPavmuf awGUcsifw,fAsm? raoxkdufbJESifh
rao&SmygapESifh? olU a&SUae b,folvJ}
az/ /]0wfvHk OD;xGef;jrifh q&m}
&S m;/ /]OD;xGef;jrifhudkvJ usKyfawGUcsifw,fAsm? [kdaeUusawmh rapmNrdKifudk ar;cGef;xkwfzkdU pum;uav;awG
oifay;csifw,f}
az/ /]awGU&ygaphr,f q&m}
aemufwpfaeU naeü armifpH&Sm;onf NrdKUxJrS jyefvmí wkdufay: odkU wufvmcJh&m
uRefawmf/ /]b,fhES,fvJAs? onfuaeU wpfaeUvHk; cifAsm; b,faysmufaeovJ}
&S m;/ /]0wfvHkudkxGef;jrifhESifh w&m;cHarmifxGef;pdefwkdUudkoGm;NyD;awGUcJhw,fAs? uHaumif;vdkUudkodef;armifa&U? usKyfwkdU
txufu jyefa&mufwm enf;enf;uav; aemufusoGm;&if crsm wpfa,mufawmh BudK;ay;cH&awmhrSmyJ AsdKU}
uRefawmf/ /]EkdU ae&muscJhNyDvm;Asm}
&S m;/ /][kwfuJh udkxGef;jrifhudk ar;cGef;xkwfp&mawG oifjyxm;cJhygNyD}
uRefawmf/ /]bmawGrsm; oifcJhovJAsm}
&S m;/ /]reufjzefusawmh w&m;cGifoGm;NyD; trIppfwm em;axmif&if Mum;&ygvdrfhr,fAsm}
reufjzefwkdifa&mufaomtcg uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wdkUonf puf&Sif½Hk;odkU oGm;í w&m;olBuD;onf
w&m;vkdbufrS wifjyaom oufaorsm;\ xGufcsufwkdUudk a&;om;onfrsm;udk vnf;aumif;? ppfaq; ar;jref;
csufrsm;udkvnf;aumif; 0ifa&mufem;axmifMuav&m armifpH&Sm;rSm w&m;cHarmifxGef;pdef\ a&SUae udkxGef;jrifh
teD;rS xkdifvsuf uRefawmfrSm {nfhonfrsm; xkdifaom cHk&Snfü xkdifí em;axmifav\/
armifxGef;pdef\ a&SUae0wfvHkarmifxGef;jrifhonf armifpH&Sm;ESifh wD;wdk;wkdifyifMuNyD;aemuf tpdk;&a&SUaeBuD;u
oufaotjzpfESifh wifoGif;cJhaom rapmNrdKifudk ar;cGef;xkwfvkdaMumif;ESifh ajymqkd&m w&m;olBuD;vnf; oufao
rapmNrdKifudk oufaocef;odkY oGif;cJhapav\/ xkdtrIrSm vl*kPfwefrsm;\ trIjzpfaomaMumifh em;axmifol
y&dwfowfwkdUvnf; tvGefw&m pnfum;av&m rapmNrdKifonf ropfvGef; rñId;vGef;aom t0wfrsm;udk
0wfqifvsuf ñId;i,faom rsufESmuav;ESifh oufaocef;odkU 0ifvmonfudk y&dwfowfwkdU awGUjrifMu&aomtcg
tcsdKUrSm oem;*½kPm jzpfMuí tcsdKUuvnf; y&d,m,faumif;onf? [efvkyfaumif;onf ponfjzifh rJh&GJUum
uJh&JUMuav\/
uRefawmfrSmrl rnfodkUrQ qHk;jzwfjcif; rjyKao;bJ ¤if;\rsufESmxm;udk aocsmpGm Munfh½ItuJcwfvsuf &Sd&m
rapmNrdKifonf pdefa&T ponfwkdUudk 0wfqifjcif; r&SdbJ a&Smwbufuav;udk jcHKvsuf oufaocef;odkU 0ifNyD;aemuf
y&dowfrsm;ESifh wuG a&SUaersm;xkdifaom pm;yGJudk odrf;BuHK;í Munfhojzifh armifpH&Sm;ESifh rsufESmjcif;qkdifrdonfESifh
wpfjydKifeuf tenf;i,f rsufESmysufoGm;onf[k uRefawmf\ pdwfü rSwfxifcJhav\/ ¤if;aemuf w&m;cHbufrS
a&SUaeu xkdif&mrS xí
a&SUae/ /]trIjzpfyGm;wJhnu trI jzpfyGm;wJh tcsdefxd rapmNrdKif tdyfraysmfao;bl;vm;? odkUr[kwf tdyfaysmf&mu
vefUEkd;wmvm;}
NrdKif / /]tdyfraysmfao;yg}
a&TOa'gif;
ae/ /]tdrfa&SUu wHcg;udk acgufoHMum;ovm;}

NrdKif / /]Mum;ygonf}
ae/ /]acgufawmh b,folacgufw,f xifovJ}
NrdKif / /]udkxGef;pdef acgufonf xifygonf}
ae/ /]acgufoHMum;½HkESifh udkxGef;pdef jzpfaMumif; trSef ajymEkdifovm;}
NrdKif / /]ac: oHudkvnf; Mum;&ygonf}
ae/ /]aemufwpfcg tdrfaemufu vSnfhNyD; acgufoH Mum;ovm;}
NrdKif / /]Mum;ygonf}
ae/ /]OD;atmif'Gef;aum xkdtcgu Ekd;aeovm;}
NrdKif / /]tdyfraysmfao;yg Ekd;aeygonf}
ae/ /]bmaMumifh wHcg;udk zGifhray;ovJ}
NrdKif / /]pdwfqkd;í zGifhray;yg? uRefr zGifhay;vkdufzkdU ajymygonf}
ae/ /]b,favmufMumrS OD;atmif'Gef; xoGm;ovJ}
NrdKif / /]ig;rdepfavmufMumrS OD;atmif'Gef; xoGm;ygonf}
ae/ /]xoGm;wJh tcg bm,loGm;ovJ}
NrdKif / /]arSmifrkdufaeaomaMumifh uRefr rjrif&yg}
ae/ /]OD;atmif'Gef; xoGm;pOftcgrSm acgufoH Mum;wkef;yJvm;}
NrdKif / /]uRefr trSef rajymEkdifyg? aumif;aumif; rrSwfrdyg}
ae/ /]OD;atmif'Gef; xoGm;NyD; b,favmufMumrS rapmNrdKif vkdufoGm;ovJ}
NrdKif / /]aoewfoH Mum;awmhrS vkdufoGm;ygw,f}
xkdcPü armifpH&Sm;onf armifxGef;jrihftm; wD;wkd;pum; ajymMum;vsuf &Sd&m armifxGef;jrifhu
OD;acgif;ndwfNyD;aemuf
ae/ /]tdrfay:u qif;oGm;vkdU tdrfatmuf a&mufwJhtcgrSm bmudkawGUovJ}
NrdKif / /]OD;atmif'Gef;\ tavmif;udk awGUygonf}
ae/ /]tavmif;em;rSm bmawGUovJ}
NrdKif / /(armifpH&Sm;\ rsufESmudk jzwfceJ armfMunfhNyD;aemuf acgif;iHkUvsuf ) ]bmrS rawGUyg}
ae/ /]pOf;pm;NyD;ajymyg rapmNrdKif? bmrS rawGUbl;vm; olUvufxJrSmav}
NrdKif / /]bmrS rawGUyg}
ae/ /]ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewfudk awGUw,f r[kwfvm;}
NrdKif / /]r[kwfyg}
ae/ /]ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewfudk awGUawmh awmifajrmufav;yg;udk MunfhNyD; bmvkyfovJ}
NrdKif / /]tapcHrsm;udk EId;ygonf}

ae/ /]tapcHrsm;udk rEId;rD tdrfay:udk wpfzef jyefNyD; wufoGm;w,f r[kwfvm;}
NrdKif / /]r[kwfyg}
ae/ /]tdrfay:a&mufawmh OD;atmif'Gef;&JU ywåLzdeyfBuD;udk vufu udkifNyD; wpfzefqif;vmcJhw,f r[kwfvm;}
NrdKif / /]r[kwfyg}
ae/ /]zdeyfudkif qif;vmNyD; tavmif;em;a&mufawmh zdeyfudk pGyfNyD; OD;atmif'Gef;vufu ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewfudk
,l? ,lNyD; tdrfaemufuxGuf ? 0if;wHcg;em; oGm;NyD; aoewfudk vTifhypfcJhw,f r[kwfvm;}
NrdKif / /(idkoHygESifh) ]r[kwf&yg}
ae/ /]NyD;awmhrS tdrfaygufu 0ifvmNyD; zdeyfudk cRwfNyD;rS tapcHrsm;udk EId;w,f r[kwfvm;}
xkdcPü rapmNrdKifonf a&SUae\ ar;cGef;udk ajzqkdjcif; rjyKEkdifbJ rsufESmudk vuf0g;ESifh tkyfum idk,dkvsuf &Sd&m
y&dowftm;vHk;wdkUrSm tHhtm;oifhvsuf uRefawmf\ rdwfaqG armifpH&Sm;rSmrl tm;&0rf;om&Sdaom rsufESmxm;ESihf
uRefawmftm; wpfcsufwpfcsuf vSrf;í Munfhav\/ xkdtcg w&m;olBuD;onf rapmNrdKiftm;
rnfonfhtwGufaMumifh idk,dk&ygoenf;[k ar;jref;&m rapmNrdKifu [kwfrSefonfh twkdif;
ajzmifhcsufay;ygawmhrnf[k ajymNyD;vQif atmufygtwdkif; tppfcHav\/
OD;atmif'Gef;qif;oGm;pOftcgu vufü ajcmufvHk;jyL; aoewfygí oGm;onfudk rdrdtrSef rod&aMumif;? tu,fí
rdrd od&SdcJhygrl wpfa,mufESifh wpfa,muf vGefvGefMuL;MuL; jzpfMurnfudk pdk;&drf&onfjzpfí rdrdu rkcswm;qD;rnf
jzpfaMumif;? OD;atmif'Gef; qif;oGm;NyD;aemuf twefMumí aoewfoH Mum;&aomtcg OD;atmif'Gef;onf
armifxGef;pdeftm; aoewfESifh ypfowfNyD [lí rSwfxifvsuf qif;oGm;jcif;jzpfaMumif;? aemufaz;wHcg;odkU a&mufí
vufESdyf"mwfrD;ESifh xkd;Munfhaomtcg armifxGef;pdef\ tavmif;r[kwf? OD;atmif'Gef;\ tavmif;udk
awGU&Sd&aMumif;? ¤if;aemuf vufESdyf"mwfrD;ESifh ta0;odkU xkd;Munfhaomtcg armifxGef;pdefudk rjrif? OD;atmif'Gef;\
vufü ajcmufvHk;jyL; aoewfudk awGUjrif&aMumif;? xkdtcg OD;atmif'Gef;rSm armifxGef;pdef owfí ao&jcif;r[kwf?
rdrdudk,frdrd aoewfESifh ypfí owfjcif; jzpfaMumif;udk od&Sd&aMumif;? xkdtcg rdrd\ emrnfESifh touftmrcHaiG
30000 usyfudk ½kwfw&uf oGm;í owd&aMumif;? OD;atmif'Gef;onf rdrdudk,fudk rdrd owfí aojcif; jzpfcJhvQif
xkdaiG 30000 usyfudk rdrd&rnf r[kwfonfudkvnf; owd&aMumif;? odkUjzpfí ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewfudk
tavmif;\vufrS ,lí wjcm;odkU ypfvkduf&aomf udk,fhudk,fudk owfjcif; xif&Sm;Ekdifrnf r[kwf [lívnf;
tBuHjzpfaMumif;? ,if;odkU tBuH&í ajcmufvHk;jyL;udk ,lNyD;vQif rdrdudk,fwkdif oGm;í ypfacsrl rdrd\ ajc&mudk
pHkaxmufrsm; jrifí rdrdtay:ü ouFmruif; jzpfrnfudk pdk;&drfcJhaMumif;? odkUjzpfí ÓPf&vmonfh tavsmuf
OD;atmif'Gef;\ zdeyfa[mif; wpf&Hudk tdrfay:rS oGm;í ,lNyD;vQif ¤if;udk pGyfvsuf ajcmufvHk;jyL;udk ,lNyD;vQif
aemufaz; 0if;x&Hudk ausmfí vTwfypfvkdufjcif;jzpfaMumif;? xkdUaemufrS zdeyfudk ae&mwus xm;NyD;vQif
tapcHrsm;udk EId;jcif; jzpfaMumif;ESifh tppfcHavvQif w&m;olBuD;onf vnf;aumif;? a&SUaersm;onf vnf;aumif;?
y&dowfrsm;onf vnf;aumif; tHhMovsuf &SdMu&m armifpH&Sm; wpfa,mufomvQif tHhMojcif; uif;vsuf cyfNyHK;NyHK;
rsufESmxm;ESifh &Sdaeav\/
¤if;aemuf w&m;olBuD;u rapmNrdKiftm; ,if;uJhodkU jyKvkyfjcif;onf tjypfr&Sdaom olwpfa,muftay:ü
xifa,mifxifrSm; jzpfapí &ufpufaom oabm&SdaMumif;ESifh tjypfwifav&m rapmNrdKifu rdrdonf
ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewfudk oGm;a&mufpGefUypfpOf tcgu xkdtrIü tenf;i,frQ owdr&rdcJhaMumif;? tu,fí
armifxGef;pdef tay:ü tjypfa&mufvdrfhrnf [lí rdrd yxr odcJh&ygrl rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQ xkduJhodkU jyKvkyfvdrfhrnf
r[kwfaMumif;? rdrdrSmvnf; tu,fí vifa,mufsm; aoqHk;cJhvQif touftmrcH xm;aom aiGrS wpfyg;
wpfjym;wpfcsyfrQ r&Sdonf jzpfaomaMumifh BuHrdBuH&m BuHpnf&jcif; jzpfaMumif;rsm;ESifh idk,dkrdum avQmufvJavvQif
a&TOa'gif;
w&m;olBuD;onf rapmNrdKif\ t&G,fuav;udk vnf;aumif;? Eke,fajyjypfaom ½kyftqif;udk vnf;aumif;?

½kwfw&uf a&Smifwcif jzpf&jcif;udk vnf;aumif; oem;u½kPm jzpfay:cJhonfh vu©Pm &Sdav\/
,if;uJhodkU u½kPm&Sdonfh t& w&m;cH armifxGef;pdefudk trIrxif&Sm; ojzifh w&m;ao vTwfNyD;aemuf
tpdk;&a&SUaeBuD;u rapmNrdKif tay:ü ta&;,l&ef tBuHay;aom tcg w&m;olBuD;onf txufyg 'ku©udk
taMumif;jyKí jypfwifqHk;r ½HkESifh omvQif csrf;om ay;vkdufav\/
xdknü vrf; 40 &Sd uRefawmfwkdU\ wkdufcef;wGif aowGif;rS vGwfvmaom armifxGef;pdefonf uRefawmf\ rdwfaqG
armifpH&Sm;tm; rdrd\ toufudk u,fq,fonfh twGuf aus;Zl;wifvSaMumif;ESifh tBudrfBudrf tzefzef
ajymqkdvsuf &dSavonf/ tifpydwfawmf armiftkef;azonf wkdufay: odkU wufvmí armifxGef;pdef\ vufudk
qGJum awmif;yefvsuf
az/ /]pdwfr&SdygESifh ukdxGef;pdef? uRefawmfwkdUrSm 0wå&m; rkdUvkdU ajym&wmygAsm? jypfrIr&SdaMumif; xif&Sm;vkdU w&m;cH
wpfa,muf vGwfvmjyefawmh uRefawmfu 0rf;omwwfwJh vlwpfa,mufygAsm}
pd ef / /]b,fvkdrS oabmrxm;ygbl; cifAsm;? uRefawmf pdwfauseyfygw,f}
az/ /]aumif;ygavAsm? 'gxuf aeygOD; q&m? OD;atmif'Gef; bmjyKvkdU udk,fhudk,fudk owf&wmvJ q&m&JU}
&S m;/ /]onfvkdAs? ajcmufvHk;jyL;udk udkifNyD; tdrfay:u qif;vmwkef;uawmh armifxGef;pdefudk awGUvQif ypfowfcsif
ypfowfzdkUyJ ? odkUaomfvJ tdrfatmufa&mufawmh armifxGef;pdefu r&SdESifhbl; [kwfp}
pd ef / /]uRefawmfu twefwef EId;vdkU r&wmESifh pdwfysufNyD; pD;vmcJhwJh jrif;&xm;ESifhyJ jyefoGm;w,fcifAs?
awmfawmfvSrf;vSrf;a&mufawmh aoewfoHawmh Mum;yg&JU? EkdUayr,fh onftdrfu rxifwmESifh jyefrvSnfh
cJhbl;cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]'gESifh atmufa&mufawmh armifxGef;pdefudkvJ rawGUbl;? olUqefpuf vkyfief;awGuvnf; tjrwfr&Sd? t½IH;om
&Sdw,fvdkU Mum;&jyef? olUr,m;ESifh armifxGef;pdefESifhvJ ..}
pd ef / /]ay;csifwJh opömudk ay;ygcifAsm? uRefawmf onfvkd opömr&SdwJh taumifwpfa,muf r[kwf&ygbl; cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]armifxGef;pdefu r[kwfayrJh olUpdwfuawm h[kwfw,fvkdU xif[ef&Sdw,f r[kwfvm;? onfawmh
r[kwfonfjzpfap? [kwfonfjzpfap? xifwJh vlrSmawmh pdwfrcsrf;rom jzpfwm trSefyJ armif&JU? tJ'gaMumifh
OD;atmif'Gef;u Murm®iifNyD; ,kefxifaMumifxifESifh jzpfNyD; olUudk,fol aoewfESifh ypfowfvkdufwmaygh
udktkef;az&,f}
az/ /][kwfygvdrfhr,f q&m}
¤if;aemuf we*FaEG wpfywfcefU Mum&Sdaomtcg uRefawmfonf þtrI taMumif;udk owd&onfESifh ]b,fhES,fvJ
udkpH&Sm;? armifxGef;pdefwkdU trI u awmhjzifh cifAsm;rSm bmwpfckrS r&vkdufyguvm;Asm} [k jyuf&,fajymrd&m
armifpH&Sm;onf xkdif&mrS xí wkdifü csdwfxm;aom ¤if;\ tusÐtdwfrS a&TpD;u&uf wpfbl;udk xkwfNyD;vQif
uRefawmfhtm;jyí
&S m;/ /]r&bl; qkdayrJh tcsnf;ESD;awmh r[kwfao;bl;AsdKU}
uRefawmf/ /]b,fuvJAs? armifxGef;pdefqDuvm;}
&S m;/ /]touftmrcH ukrÜPDuav? ausmbufu vSnfhMunfhygvm;}
xkdtcg uRefawmfonf pD;u&ufbl;\ ausmbufudk vSnfhMunfh&m touftmrcHukrÜPD\ trnfESifh wuG

pHkaxmufBuD; OD;pH&Sm;tm; aus;Zl;wif pum;rsm; yg&Sdonfudk awGUjrif&avownf;/
NyD;ygNyD/
__________________
a&TOa'gif;
11/ w½kwfujym;rav; rusifNrdKiftrI

av tvGefw&mjyif;xefaom wpfreufü uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdUonf {nfhcef;wGif xkdifí a&S;a[mif;
aESmif;jzpfrsm;udk jyefajymif;ajymqkdvsuf&SdaeMupOf tcef;wHcg;onf 'dkif;ueJ jyif;xefpGmyGifhvmNyD;vQif t&yftarmif;
tvGefw&m xGm;BudKif;í um,AvESifh jynfhpHkaom vlwpfa,mufonf abmif;bDwkduav;ESifh pGwfus,ftusÐudk
0wfum tcef;wGif;odkU ½kwfw&uf 0ifvmí rkef;xm;aom rsufESmxm;ESifh uRefawmfwkdY\ rsufESmudk
wpfa,mufpDMunfhNyD;rS ]udkpH&Sm;qkdwm b,f'if;vJ} [k ar;av\/
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;onf udkufxm;aom aq;wHudk yg;pyfrS EIwfNyD;aemuf at;at;aq;aq;&Sdaom trlt&mESifh
OD;acgif;udk ndwfí jyonfwGif xkdolonf armifpH&Sm;\ bufodkU csmueJ vSnfhxnfhí rsufESmudk aphaphMunfhum
teD;odkU csOf;uyfNyD;vQif
xkdol/ /]a[hq&m? usKyfajymr,f? udk,fhtvkyfudk udk,frvkyfbJESifh olrsm; tvkyfxJ vkdufvkdufNyD; aESmifh,Sufwm
cifAsm; b,fhES,fvlvJ}
&S m;/ /(cyfNyHK;NyHK; rsufESmxm;ESifh) ]usKyf em;rav;ygbl;As? atmfus,f atmfus,f rvkyfprf;ygESifh? cyfwkd;wkd;
ajym&ifvJ usKyf Mum;ygw,f}
xkdol/ /]aMomf em;rav;bl; [kwfp? usKyf vufoD;csuf rdwJh tcg us&if em;av;½Hkrubl; ? em;yif;oGm;vdrfhr,f
Mum;&JUvm;} [k ajymí xkdolonf pv,fawmif;cefUrQ &Sdaom vufoD;BuD;udk wif;rmatmif qkyfNyD;vQif
armifpH&Sm;\ rsufESmteD;ü vIyfí jyav\/
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;onf rjrifpzl; xl;qef;aom t&m0w¬Kwpfckudk Munfh½Iaom rsufESmxm;rsdK;ESifh ¤if; vufoD;BuD;
udk cyfat;at; trlt&mESifh pdkufí MunfhNyD;rS ]aeygOD;As? rif;vufoD;u arG;uwnf;u BuD;vmwmvm;?
usifhom;&NyD; BuD;vmovm;}
[k ar;qJwGif uRefawmfonf tcef;axmifhwGif axmifxm;aom &Sm;ESpfwkwfudk vSrf;í qGJvkduf&m xkdolonf
uRefawmf\ vufeufudk jrifaomaMumifhavavm? armifpH&Sm;\ rwkefrvIyf at;at;aq;aq; &SdvGef;aom
trlt&mudk jrifaomaMumifh zdef;í oGm;avoavm rod/ tvGefw&m cufxefMurf;MuKwfaom rsufESmxm;onf
tenf;i,f avQmhí vmcJhNyD;vQif
xkdol/ /]aemifcgawmh owdray;bl;vkdU tjypfwifrSm pdk;vkdUygAsm? BudKUukef;rSm usKyfrdwfaqG wpfa,muf&Sdw,f?
olUtxJudk cifAsm; 0ifr½Iyf&if usKyf b,fES,frS rvkyfbl;? 0if½Iyf&ifawmh awGUMuvdrfhr,fAs? 'gyJ}
&S m;/ /]a[hvl oHvufoD; qkdwm rif; r[kwfvm;? rifh awGUcsifwm MumvSNyD}
xkdol/ /]tppfyJ q&m? onfoHvufoD;ESifh rsufESmaygif; b,fESpfck pkwfatmif xkd;cJhNyD qkdwm Mum;zl;&JU r[kwfvm;?
cifAsm;vJ rsufESmuav; acsmacsmarGUarGU tay:rSm trm&GwfawG r&csif&if owdxm;vkdufyg}
&S m;/ /]vufa0SUyGJrSm rsufESmpkwfatmif xkd;wmu udpö r&Sdbl;uG? yGJjyifrSm &rf;um;NyD; owfvm;jzwfvm; vkyf&if
raumif;bl;? 'gxuf Munfhjrifwkdif urf;em;vrf;u uaZmfqkdifrSm tcsD;,m; qkdwJh a*:&if*sDukvm;udk owfwJh
trI[m b,fhES,fvJa[h? b,fvJuG oGm;awmhrvm;}
xkdolonf ½kwfw&uf rsufESmysufí oGm;NyD;vQif tvGefw&m xdwfvefUwkefvIyfaom trlt&mESifh aemufodkU
ajcwpfvSrf; qkwfum
]tcsD;,m; aowmESifh usKyfESifh bmqkdifovJAs? tcsD;,m;aowkef;u &efukefrSmawmif usKyfr&Sdbl;? rEÅav;
oGm;aeygw,f}
&S m;/ /]at;yguG,f? 'DtvHk;rsdK;awGESifh w&m;olBuD;udkom jzef;yg? ighudkvmNyD; rjzef;ygESifh? tJh'Dtcgwkef;u igu
rif;ESifh pdef[kwf qkdwJh w½kwfudk ajc&mcHaeqJ jzpfvkdY ...}
xkdol/ /]rqkdifygbl; q&m? uRefawmfESifh 'DtrIESifh bmrS rqkdifygbl; q&m&,f}
&S m;/ /]at;uG,f awmfNyD? rif; oGm;vkduf? vkdcsifwJh tcgrSm rif;udk zrf;,lr,f}
xkdol/ /]tck uRefawmfvmwJh twGuf b,fvkdrS pdwfr&SdygESifh q&m aemf}
&S m;/ /]rif;udk b,folu vTwfvkdufw,f qkdwm rSefrSef ajym&ifawmhjzifh ig pdwfr&Sdbl;? EkdUrkdU pdwfwifru
vufxdyfyg &Sd&vdrfhr,f armif}
xkdol/ /]ckwifu q&m ajymwJhvlu vTwfvkdufwmygyJ q&m}
&S m;/ /]pdef[kwf [kwfvm;? olUudkaum b,folu ckdif;wmvJ}
xkdol/ /]'gawmh uRefawmf rodbl; q&m? olu uRefawmfhudk a[h oHvufoD; ukdpH&Sm;udk rif;oGm;NyD;
owday;vkdufprf; qkdvkdU uRefawmf vmcJhwmyJ}
&S m;/ /( aq;wHudk ,rf;vsuf ) ]oGm; oGm;}
[k ajymvkdufonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf oHvufoD;onf wufvmpOftcgu uJhodkUyif ysm,dysm,mESifh qif;ajy;av\/
xkdol qif;oGm;NyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf aq;wHrS aq;jymrsm;udk cgxkwfí aq;topf xnfhNyD;vQif rD;ñSdum
½dIuf&if; &,farmvsuf
&S m;/ /]cifAsm;u usKyf twGuf pkd;&drfvkdU &Sm;ESpfwkwfBuD;udk qGJ,lvkdufwm usKyfjrifvkdufygw,f? 'DtaumifrsdK;udk
cGeftm;jcif; wkdufzdkU rvkdygbl;? pdwfwefcdk;ESifh ESSdrfvkduf&if NyD;wmyJ? olwkdUu b,fvkdyJ jyL;wl;jyJwJ vkyfNyD; xkd;r,f
Budwfr,f? ajcmufvm; vSefUvm; vkyf&if udk,fu cyfat;at;ESifh raMumufr&GUH rwkefrvIyf aevkduf&if tvkdvdk
zdef;oGm;wmyJ ? ckwifu ajymwJh pdef[kwfwkdU? oHvufoD;wkdU ? qdk;awwkdU qkdwJh taumifawG[m wpfBudwfwnf;
wpfÓPfwnf; taumifawGyJ? olwkdU vlpkudk usKyf wpfaeUaeUawmh jzKwfvdrfhr,f? olwkdU txJrSm pdef[kwf qkdwJh
w½kwfujym;u AdkvfyJ ? olu awmfawmfuav; ÓPfoGm;w,f? olwkdU tvkyfu aMumufwwfwJh vludk acsmufvSefU
zdef;&Sdef;NyD; aiGñSpfwJh tvkyf jzpfw,f? odkUaomf usKyfwkdUudk ,ckvmNyD; ajcmufwJh trIrSm yif&if; b,folvJvkdU usKyf
odzkdU vkdw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]aeygOD;Asm? bmaMumifh cifAsm;udk olwkdU vmajcmuf&wmvJ}
&S m;/ / ]a[m'Du BudKUukef;rIayghAsm? ckeifu ta&;rBuD;bl;xifvkdU trIudk vufrcHbl;vkdUawmif atmif;arhrdw,f?
tckawmh usKyfudkawmif vmNyD; ajcmufvm; vSefUvm;ESifh vkyfwm ta&;rBuD;bJESifhawmh rvkyfbl;? 'gaMumifh
vufcHvkdufrSyJ awmfr,f}
uRefawmf/ /]bmrIvJ cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]trdefUawmf& uawmf a': pdefcifqDu raeUu pmwpfapmif&w,f? raeUuawmh vufcH&aumif;yghrvm;vkdU
pOf;pm;aerdw,f? a&mh a[m'DrSm zwfMunfhprf; udkodef;armif}
[kajymí armifpH&Sm;onf pm;yGJtHqGJrS pmwpfapmifudk uRefawmfhtm; ay;av\/ ¤if;pmrSm
pma&;tpD&if cH ygonf OD ;pH &S m;&S if h/ uRef r ,cka exkdifaom tdrf udk taMumif; jyKí xl;xl;qef;qef ;
tjzpft ysufrsm;udk awGUBuHKa&muf&Sd&ygaomaMumifh rnfodkUjyK&rnfudk tBuHay;apvkdygonf/ uRef r\
a&TOa'gif;
cif yGef ;onf ud ka usmfjidrf ; &Sd pOft cgu OD ;pH&Sm;u wpfBudrf aqmif&Guf ay;zl;ojzif h uRef r\ aetdrf udk
&S if od NyD; jzpf ygonf / reufjzef b,ftcsd ef rqdk vma&mufEkd if u uRef r arQmfí aeygrnf /
rpd efcif
uRefawmf/ /]b,fa': pdefcifvJAsm? uRefawmf rrSwfrdyguvm;}

&S m;/ /]cifAsm; 'Dwkef;u tnmjyefaew,f xifw,f? udkif; b,fhES,fvJ vkdufrvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]vkdufNyDvm; cifAsm}
uRefawmfwkdUonf armfawmfum;ESifh xGufoGm;Muí BudKUukef;&Gmvrf;odkU a&mufMuaomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf
qD;jzLyifrsm; um&Hvsuf&Sdaom wkdufcHtdrfwpfvHk;a&SUü um;udk &yfav\/ xkdcPü toufig;q,f t&G,fcefU&Sd
ta':BuD;wpfa,mufonf ysLysLiSmiSm trlt&mESifh tdrfa&SUodkU xGufvmí
]<uyg udkpH&Sm; <uyg? wpfreufvHk; arQmfvkduf&wm &Sif? vmrS vmygawmhrvm;vkdU? aemufxyfpma&;r,f vkdUawmif
BuHrdao;w,f? 0ifMuyg 0ifMuyg}
tdrf\ atmufxyf {nfhcef;twGif;odkU 0ifrdMuvQif aumif;rGefoyf&yfpGm cif;usif;jyifqifí xm;aom tdrfaxmif
ypönf;rsm;udk awGUjrifMu&av&m uRefawmfwkdUonf ukvm;xkdifü toD;oD;xkdifMuNyD;aemuf
cif/ /]'Dtdrfudk OD;pH&Sm; t&ifwpfcg a&mufzl;wm av;ig;ESpfavmuf &SdoGm;NyD rSwfw,f}
&S m;/ /]rSefygw,f? av;ESpfESifh &Spfv&SdygNyD? OD;ausmfjidrf; wpfa,muf qHk;oGm;wm &yf&GmrSm tyHkBuD; epfemw,f
cifAsm? &yfrI&GmrI qkdvQif rtdyfrae aqmif&GufwwfwJh yk*d¾KvfwpfOD; ygayyJ? 'gxuf armifnGefUaz wpfa,mufaum
tpfr}
cif/ /(rsuf&nf0kdif;vsuf) ]qkHk;&SmNyD OD;pH&Sm;&JU? tr&yl&rSm NrdKUtkyfvkyfaewm? wkwfauG;a&m*g ESifh qHk;&Smw,f}
&S m;/ /]aMomf jzpf&av? vlvHk;vlxnfu acsmoESifh? axmifaxmif armif;armif; oefoefrmrmBuD;? awmfwmh
a&m*gESifhrsm; aoEkdifavmufp&m r&Sdbl; cifAsm? b,fwkef;u qHk;ygvdrfh}
cif/ /]wpfvavmufyJ &Sdygao;w,f? OD;pH&Sm; [kdwkef;u jrifzl;wmudk;? aocgeD; rjrifap&&Sif? rpm;Ekdif raomufEkdif
wkefwkef&D&D jzpfoGm;vkdufwm aemufqHk;Muawmh wkwfauG;a&m*g 0ifvmvkdU vwfpowfoGm;yga&m&Sif}
&S m;/ /]rpm;Ekdif raomufEkdifwmu bma&m*g aMumifhvJ cifAsm}
cif/ /]&ifuGJem aygh&Sif}
&S m;/ /]aMomf wefawmh rdef;rrIudk;}
cif/ /]rdef;r r[kwfygbl;&Sif? 'DaumifrrsdK; vl&moGif;NyD; .... odkUaomf 'DtaMumif; pum;jzwfvkdufMuygpdkU&Sif? uRefr
udpöudk ajymyg&apawmh}
&S m;/ /]trdefU&Sdyg cifAsm}
cif/ /]'Dvkdyg&Sif? 'DtdrfrSm uRefr wpfoufvHk;aevmwm tckrSyJ vmNyD; xl;xl;qef;qef; BuHKawGU&ygw,f? vGefcJhwJh
oHk;&ufavmufu tdrfyGJpm;wJh&Sif vlwpfa,mufaygufvmygw,f? uRefraewJh tdrfudk 'Dhjyif vlwpfa,mufu
vkdcsifvkdU ar;jref;pHkprf;zdkU vTwfvkdufygw,f wJh? a&mif;r,fqkdvdkU &Sd&if tzkd;udk rjrifygbl;wJh ajymvmwmudk;&Sifh?
'Dawmh uRefrrSmvJ om;uav;wpfa,muf &Sdwm qHk;oGm;avawmh 'DtdrfrSm oli,fi,fu ajc&mvuf&muav;awG

jrifwkdif;jrifwkdif; ylaqG;'ku©jzpf&avawmh
raecsifwmESifh tcefUoifhyJ jzpfaew,f? odkUayrJh a&mif;&r,f qkdawmh ESarsmarsm &SdwmESifh aps;rwJhatmif&,fvkdU
wefzdk;xuf aiGoHk;axmifavmufwifNyD; qkdvdkufoudk;&Sifh? 'Dawmh tdrfyGJpm;u wpfjym;wpfcsyfrS rqpfbJ uRefr
awmif;wJh tzkd;ukd ay;ygr,fwJh? EkdUaomfvJ tdrfwGif; y&dabm* tdrfaxmifypönf;awGudkvJ a&mif;apvkdygw,fwJh?
tzkd;udkom qkdygwJh? 'Dawmh uRefru 0efyJayghao;&JU vkdU atmufarhNyD; tzkd;cyfjrufjrufuav;yJ wifqkdvkdufw,f?
qkdwJh tzkd;twkdif;yJ olu ay;w,f? NyD;awmh uRefrrSmvJ od[dkVfuRef;wkdU? bk&m;yGifhawmfrl&m Ak'¨*g,mwkdUudk
bk&m;zl;oGm;csifwmESifh tifrweftcefUoifhwmyJ vkdU atmufarhrdw,f? 'gESifh aemufwpfaeUawmh tdrfyGJpm;
a&mufvmNyD; pmcsKyfudk vufrSwfxkd;zkdU ,lvmcJhw,f? uRefruvJ pmcsKyfay;w,f qkdwm ta&;BuD;rSef; odavawmh
uRefrrwf a&SUae armifatmifbudk oGm;jywmudk;&Sifh? 'Dawmh armifatmifbu pmcsKyfudk zwfMunfhNyD;
'DpmcsKyfa&;yHk[m tifrwefxl;qef;wmyJ wJh? 'Dtwkdif; vufrSwfxkd;rdcJhvkdU&Sd&if udk,fhcg;u t0wfawmif
csefxm;cJh&rvkd jzpfaeyaum wJh? 'gESifh 'DtaMumif;udk tdrfyGJpm;tm; jyefNyD; tdrfaxmifrIudkom uRefra&mif;aMumif;
ajymawmh yGJpm;u r[kwfbl;? tvHk;pHk a&mif;rS 0,fEkdifr,fwJh? 'gjzifh vuf0wfvufpm;awGyg ay;cJh&rSmvm;vkdU
ar;awmh 'Davmuf MuyfMuyfwnf;wnf; BuD;awmh r[kwfygbl;wJh? ,lcGifhjyKoifhwmawmh jyKygvdrfhr,fwJh? okdUaomfvJ
pmcsKyfxJrSmawmh tvHk;pHkqkdwJh pum;udk xnfYNyD;csKyf&rSyJ 0,fEkdifr,fwJh? 'Dawmh uRefru 'gjzifh
ra&mif;Ekdifbl;&SifvkdU ajymawmh yGJpm;vJ jyefoGm;a&m? oljyefoGm;NyD;wJhaemuf 'DtaMumif;udk awG;avawG;av;
xl;qef;avav &SdwmESifh OD;pH&Sm;udk wkdifyif&&if ....}
xkdcPü uRefawmfwkdUonf xl;qef;aom taESmifht,Suf wpfrsdK;ESifh awGUBuHK&av\/ armifpH&Sm;onf a':
pdefcifudk pum;ajym&yfpJ&ef vufjyí xkdif&mrS vQifjrefpGm xoGm;NyD;vQif rD;zkdacsmifodkU oGm;aom wHcg;udk
½kwfw&uf wGef;í zGifhNyD;aemuf rdef;rBuD;wpfa,mufudk tcef;wGif;odkU qGJoGif;vmcJhav\/ rdef;rBuD;vnf;
Muufjcif;xJrS qGJxkwf,lvkdufaom MuufaygufpBuD;uJhodkY udk;½kd;um;,m;ESifh z,f½kef;um ygvmav\/
]vTwfyg vTwfyg usKyfudk rudkifygESifh vTwfyg}
ciff / /]b,fhES,fvJ rapmwif? tjyifrSm bmvkyfaewmvJ}
wiff/ /]{nfhonfawGudk vufzuf&nf wkdufOD;rvm;vkdU ar;r,f vkyfwkef; a[m'DvlBuD;u uRefrudk
qGJac:ygw,f&Sif}
&S m;/ /]rnmygESifh rapmwif? usKyf em;axmifaewm ESpfrdepfavmuf &SdNyD? acsmif;qkd;wwfwJhvl[m vlrsm;
wkdifyifwmudk acsmif;em;axmifwJh tvkyfrsdK; vkyfvkdU r&bl;As}
xkdtcg rapmwifqkdaom tapcHronf a'goBuD;aom rsufESmxm;ESifh armifpH&Sm;\ bufodkUvSnfhí...
wif/ /]&Sifu uRefrudk qGJvm; iifvm;ESifh vkyf&atmif &Sifu bmt&m&SdvJ}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm;a&SUrSm usKyfar;csifwmav; wpfck&SdvkdYyg? 'gESifh a': pdefcif? uRefawmhfqD pma&;wJh taMumif;?
b,folrsm; ajymrdao;vJ}
cif/ /]b,folrS uRefr rajymrdygbl;&Sif}
&S m;/ /]uRefawmhfqD ay;vkdufwJh pmudk b,folU txndif;ovJ}
cif/ /]rapmwifudk txnfhcdkif;w,f}
&S m;/ /]udkif; rapmwif? usKyfqD pma&;wJh taMumif;udk cifAsm; b,folUudk owif;ay;vkdufovJ}
wif/ /]r[kwfw½kwf bmvkyfzdkU usKyfu owif;ay;&rvJ}
a&TOa'gif;
&S m;/ /]tqkwfem&SdwJh vl qkdwm touf&Snf&Snf rae&wwfbl;/ vdrfrajymESifhav rapmwif? rSefrSefajymprf;yg}

cif/ /]aMomf &dyfrdNyD? 'Drdef;r aumif;wJh rdef;r r[kwfbl;? raeUuvJ tdrfaemufaz;rSm ql;csHK [dkbufvSrf;NyD;
b,folESifh pum;ajymw,f rqkdEkdifbl;? uRefr jrifvkdufw,f}
wif/ /(rsufarSmifukwfvsuf) ]ajym&ifaum b,folESifh bmqkdifovJ}
&S m;/ /]usKyfodygw,f? pdef[kwfESifh wkdifyifMuw,f r[kwfvm; rapmwif}
wif/ /]od&ifvJ bmvdkU ar;&ovJ}
&S m;/ /]ckeifu raocsmbl;? tckrS aocsmw,f? udkif; rapmwif pdef[kwfudk b,folu ckdif;w,f qdkwm ajymvkdU
&Sd&if usKyfaiG 50 usyfay;r,f? b,fhES,fvJ}
wif/ /]&Sifu ig;q,fay;&if ig;axmif ay;EkdifwJhvl &Sdw,f}
&S m;/ /]aMomf 'gjzifh ? vlcsrf;omBuD; wpfa,mufygvm;? tvdk olu NyHK;w,f? 'gjzifh a,musfm; r[kwfbl; rdef;ryJ?
udkif;Asm rapmwif 'DavmufodaerSjzifh emrnfudkom ajymvkdufygawmh ? aiG 50 tacsmif&&if raumif;bl;vm;}
wif/ /]w,f ? ig apm.....}
cif/ /][Jh [Jh}
wif/ /]z,fyg? &SifwkdU tdrfrSm usKyfvJ raeygbl;? oGm;awmhr,f vTwf} [k ajymajymqkdqkdESifh tapcHr rapmwifonf
tdrfjyifodkU xGufoGm;av\/
¤if;xGufoGm;onfhaemuf armifpH&Sm;onf wHcg;udk vkdufí ydwfNyD;vQif a':pdefcif\ teD;ü xkdifum £ajE´BuD;aom
rsufESmESifh
]rjzpfbl; a': pdefcif? 'DtrI[m ayghawmhawmh vkyfae&if tysuftysufESifh ESmacgif;aoG;xGuf qkdwmvkd jzpfvdrfhr,f?
Munfhprf; olwkdU b,favmuf *½kpdkufNyD; BudK;yrf;tm;xkwf vkyfaeMuovJ? uRefawmfhqD pma&;vkdufum &Sdao;?
owif;ay;wJhvlu ay;? uRefawmfhqDvmajcmufwJhvlu ajcmuf? a&mufvmawmh acsmif;em;axmifwJh vlu axmif?
awmfawmf ta&;wBuD; &SdyHk&w,f}
cif/ /]olwkdU bmvkdcsifMuvkdUvJ &Sif}
&S m;/ /]tJh'g pOf;pm;zkdU ta&;BuD;w,f r[kwfvm;? 'Dtdrf[m aqmuf,lwJh tdrfvm;? 0,folwJh tdrfvm;}
cif/ /]a&SUae OD;apmarmif qkdwJh vlqDu 0,f,lwJh tdrfyg&Sif}
&S m;/ /]OD;apmarmifu bmrsm;xl;xl;jcm;jcm; &SdovJAs}
cif/ /]xl;xl;jcm;jcm; bmrS rMum;zl;ygbl;&Sif}
&S m;/ /]uRefawmfar;wmu OD;apmarmif jr§Kyfxm;cJhwJh ypönf;rsm;&Sdovm;vkdU ar;wmudk; cifAs? EkdUaomf
ypönf;jr§Kyfxm;wmudk owif;&vkdU tdrfudk 0,fcsif&ifvJ tdrfaxmifrIudk 0,fp&m taMumif;r&Sdbl;?
tdrfaxmifypönf;awG teufrSm tzkd;wefrSef;rod jzpfaewJh ypönf;wpfckckrsm; &Sdava&mhovm; cifAsm?
'*Fg;a[mif;rsm; bmrsm; OD;ausmfjidrf; pkwwfovm;}
cif/ /]rpkwwfygbl;&Sif}
&S m;/ /]tcsdKUvlawG &Sdao;w,f cifAs? ESpfaygif; oHk;axmif av;axmifu ay:wJh '*Fg;wpfjym;udk aiG ig;axmif
wpfaomif; ay;0,fwJh vlrsdK;awG &Sdao;w,f? 'gaMumifh uRefawmf ar;wmyg}
cif/ /][kwfygw,f? uRefr Mum;zl;ygw,f}
&S m;/ /]uRefawmf tckawG;vkdU &wmawmh? a':pdefcifvufxJrSm tzdk;wefypönf; wpfpHkwpfck &Sdw,f? tJh'gudk
zGifhajymNyD; aiGESifh 0,fvkdU ra&mif;aybl;qkdwm odwJh twGuf tm;vHk;jcHKNyD; 0,fvdkwJh oabmyJESifh wlw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]uRefawmfvJ 'DvkdyJ xifw,f}
&S m;/ /(tenf;i,f NyHK;vsuf) ]udkodef;armifvJ 'DvkdyJ xifowJhAsdKU? olxifawmh {uEåÅ[kwfNyD}
cif/ /]aeygOD;&Sif? b,fvkd ypönf;rsdK;rsm; jzpfEkdifrvJ}
&S m;/ /]udkif; udkif; uRefawmfcGJNyD; ppfr,f? 'DtdrfrSm a': pdefcifwkdU aewm b,favmufMumNyDvJ}
cif/ /]q,fESpf q,fhwpfESpfavmuf &SdygNyD}
&S m;/ /]'DtawmtwGif;rSm 0,fr,fhvl wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ ray:vm? tckwavmwGifrS tzdk;wBuD; ay;0,fwm
b,fhES,foabm&ovJ}
uRefawmf/ /]olwkdU vkdcsifwJh ypönf;[m rMumrD twGif;wGifrS 'Dtdrfa&mufvmw,fvkdU awG;&rSmayghAsm}
&S m;/ /]udkodef;armif w,fNyD; ÓPf&Tifaeyguvm;? udkif; a': pdefcif ? rMumrD twGif;u bmypönf;rsm; a&mufovJ}
ciff / /]bmypönf;rS r0,fzl;ygbl;&Sif}
&S m;/ /]'gjzifh awmfawmf tMuyfom;yguvm;? udkif; odkUaomf cPcP apmifhMunfh&&ifjzifh uGif;uGif;
uGufuGufay:aumif; yg&JUAsm? 'DtdrfrSm apmapmu rapmwiftjyif b,folrsm; &Sdao;ovJ}
cif/ /]bkd;xl;qkdwJh oli,fav; wpfa,mufvJ &Sdw,f}
&S m;/ /]'gjzifh a': pdefcif&JU rwf udkatmifbudk wpfnESpfnavmuf 'DtdrfvmNyD; apmifhtdyfay;ap cifAsm?
ayghayghqq raeMuESifh}
cif/ /]b,folU pdk;&drfzdkU &SdvkdUvJ&Sif}
&S m;/ /]ckawmh uRefawmf rajymEkdifatmif &Sdaeao;w,f? odkUaomf olwkdU vdkcsifwJh ypönf;udk awG;vkdUr&&if? vludk
awGUatmif vkdufrSmyJ? tdrfyGJpm; qkdwJh vlu b,frSm aeowJhvJ}
cif/ /]OD;bausmfwJh ? 11 vrf;rSmaew,f ajymygw,f}
&S m;/ /]ae&yfudk rSefrSefajymrJh vlpm; [kwfr,f rxifygbl;? &SmayrJh tvum;ygyJ ? udkif; a': pdefcif?
taMumif;xl;&if uRefawmhfqDudkom owif;a&mufatmif ydkUayawmh ? uRefawmfwkdU jyefvkdufygOD;r,f } [k
EIwfqufNyD;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUonf xkdif&mrS xcJhí tdrfjyifodkU xGufawmhrnf jyKonfwGifrS avSum;atmufü
oHaowåmBuD; ESpfvHk;ESifh xif;&SL;aowåm oHk;av;vHk;wkdUudk awGUjrifojzifh
&S m;/ /]aowåmrSm wHqdyfawG uyfvkdUyguvm;? b,fu a&mufvmwJh aowåmawGvJ a': pdefcif]
cif/ /]armifnGefUaz&JU ypönf;awGyg&Sif? rD;&xm;ESifh wifydkUvkdufvkdU wpfaeUurS a&mufvmygw,f}
&S m;/ /]wpfaeUuqkd? b,fESpf&ufavmuf &SdNyDvJ cifAsm}
cif/ /]oHk;av;&ufavmuf &Sdygao;w,f }
&S m;/ /]EkdU 'gESifh ckwpfavmrSm ypönf;awG b,furS ra&mufbl;qdk? 'DtxJrSm tzkd;wef ypönf;rsm; ygcsifygr,f?
zGifhMunfhNyD;yvm;}
cif/ /]tzkd;wefwm rygEkdifygbl;&Sif? vc 200 udk ravmufvkdU tdrfu aiGaxmufNyD; ae&wJh vlrSm b,fu
tzdk;wefypönf; ygEkdifrSmvJ}
a&TOa'gif;
&S m;/ /(twefMum pOf;pm; pdwful;aeNyD;rS) ]udkif; 'Dypönf;awG tdrfay:rSm wifNyD; vHkvHkNcHKNcHK xm;yg cifAsm?
bmrsm;ygovJ zGifhvkdUvJ MunfhygOD;? reufjzefawmh uRefawmf vmcJhygOD;r,f}
uRefawmfwkdUonf um;ay: odkY wufMuNyD;vQif armif;ESifvmMuí vrf;auGUwpfckodkU a&mufaomtcg
oHvufoD;qkdolonf opfyifwpfyifudk uG,fí acsmif;aeonfudk &dyfueJ jrifvkduf&av\/
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;onf um;udk ½kwfw&uf &yfNyD;vQif
&S m;/ /]a[hvl xGufcJh ? rif; bmacsmif;aeovJ}
oD;/ /]bmacsmif;acsmif; cifAsm;ESifh bmqkdifovJ}
&S m;/ /]o,f ig reufu owday;vkdufwm rif;arhoGm;yvm;}
oD;/ /]rarhygbl; q&m? q&m cdkif;csifwm&Sd ckdif;yg? q&mh wynfhygyJ}
&S m;/ /]ckdif;p&mawmh r&Sdbl;? ar;p&m&Sdw,f? rif;wkdU tck BuHpnfaewJh tBuH[m b,fol yif&if;vJ}
oD;/ /]uRefawmfawmh pdef[kwf odwmyJ q&m}
oD;/ /]onfhjyifawmh uRefawmf rod&ygbl; q&m}
&S m;/ /]at; aumif;NyDaemf? owday;vkdufygay&JU? a[m[kd tdrfrSm aewJh a': pdefcifqkdwm igh trIonfuGJU? wpfckck
jzpfvkdU&Sd&if rif;'ku©yJ}
oD;/ /]aumif;ygNyD q&m}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwdkUonf qufvufarmif;ESif oGm;Mu&m armifpH&Sm;u
]oHvufoD;qkdwJh taumifawmh usKyf zdef;vkdufwm awmfawmf &dSef;oGm;NyD? taMumif;&Sd&if usKyfwkdU vlyJ? odkUaomf
'DudpörSm olESifh yl;aygif;zkdU rvdk? yJcl;qm;udk awGUatmif &SmNyD; odcsifwm uav;awG wpfcGef; ESpfcGef; avmufyJ
ar;zkdU vkdawmhw,f}
yJcl;qm; qkdolrSm uvyfaygif;pHk? toif;aygif;pHk? [dkw,faygif;pHkwkdUudka&mufí &efukefNrdKUü t½IyftaxG;
taMumif;udka&;om;&rnfqkdaomf qD;jzLoD;udkvuf0g;ay:wGifwifíMunfhbdouJhodkY uGufuGufuGif;uGif; wwfwwf
tyftyf a&;om;Ekdifojzihf yJcl;qm; trnfjzifh owif;pm? *sme,f tp&SdonfwkdUudk a&;om;ay;ydkUavh&Sdaom
aqmif;yg;a&;olvnf;jzpf\/ zJorm;vnf;jzpf\/ awav tBuD;pm;vnf; jzpf\/ ta&;BuD;onfh owif;wpfckudk
tvkd&Sdonfhtcg ? armifpH&Sm;uvnf; txufwef;pm; vlarmfvl<um;wdkU\ twif;pum;udk toHk;0ifojzifh Mum;vkd
aomtcg xkdol\ xHodkU oGm;&av\/ rnfonfh pufydkif\ r,m;vifi,faeonf? rnfonfh 0wfvHk\ r,m;onf
0wfvHkESifh &pOfu tysdKpifppf r[kwf? rnfonfh0efaxmufonf rnfonfh t&yfü taysmftyg; vkdufpm;onf
tp&Sdaom owif;wdkUonf xkdolonf tpOfrjywf qnf;yl; rSwfom;xm;avh &dS\/
tdrfodkU jyefa&mufMuaomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf xkdaeUwpfaeUvHk; aysmufaeí nOfUüvnf; b,ftcsdefrS jyefí
vmonfudk uRefawmf rodacs/
aemufwpfaeU eHeufü uRefawmfESihf armifpH&Sm;wkdUonf aumfzDaomufvsuf &SdMupOf uRefawmfu armifpH&Sm;tm;
trItaMumif;ESifh pyfvsOf;í ar;jref;ojzifh armifpH&Sm;u odoifhodxkdufoavmufudk od&NyD jzpfaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdí
pum;rqHk;rD aMu;eef;wpfapmif a&mufí vmav\/ ¤if;rSm ...
tjrefv myg ? tdrfud k nu olck d;rsm; 0if ygonf/
armif atmifb
aMu;eef;udk zwfNyD;aemuf
&S m;/ /]usKyfwGufudef;xufawmif jrefaeygao;ovm;? usKyfMum;wJh owif;t&qkd&ifjzifh jrefr,fqkdvJ
jrefxkdufayw,f? aMu;eef;½kdufwJhvlu udkatmifbwJh ? olUrwfyJ ? vwfpowfawmh cyfzsif;zsif;vleJY wlw,f? nu
tdrfudk apmihfzkdU xm;cJhrdwm usKyfrSm;oGm;w,fAs? udkif; odkUaomf oGm;MuOD;pdkUAsm}
uRefawmfwkdYonf a': pdefcif\ aetdrfodkY a&mufMuaomtcg ¤if;tdrfrSm ,refaeUnuuJhodkU wdwfqdwfpGm r&Sdacs/
&Gmom;av;ig;q,fcefUwkdUonf 0if;a&SUü pk½Hk;um Munfh½Ivsuf ykvdyfom;ESpfa,mufwkdUonfvnf;
0if;twGif;&Sdyef;O,smOf xJwGif ajc&maumufvsuf &SdMuav\/
uRefawmfwdkU\ um;&yfNyD;aemuf ao;ao;oG,foG,fESifh ykqkd;&Snfudk 0wfvsuf&Sdaom vlwpfa,mufonf
tdrfjyifodkU xGufvmí rdrdrSm OD;atmifb jzpfaMumif;ajymqkdNyD; c&D;OD;BudKjyKav&m ¤if;ESifhtwl 00wkwfwkwf
rsufESm0kdif;0kdif; EIwfcrf;arG;aumif;aumif;ESifh Xmemtkyf wpfa,mufvnf; yg&Sdav\/ Xmemtkyfonf armifpH&Sm;ESifh
oda[mif;uRrf;a[mif; jzpfonfhvu©PmESifh azmfa&GpGm EIwfqufNyD;aemuf
]aMomf q&m ? a&mufvmovm;? omrn ckd;rIuav;yg q&m&,f? 'D[mrsdK;avmufawmh q&m vmzkdUawmif
rvkdygbl;? uRefawmfwkdUESifhyJ udpöNyD;Ekdifygw,f}
&S m;/ / ]rSefygw,f ? cifAsm;wkdUESifh vHkavmufaMumif;udkvJ usKyfodygw,f? odkUaomf omrnqkdwmu b,fvkd
omrnvJ As}
tkyf/ /]b,hfES,fq&m ? olckd;[m b,folb,f0g qkdwm odaer,fh[m bmvkdao;ovJ q&m? pdef[kwfwkdU
oHvufoD;wkdU vlpk aygh q&m? 'DtaumifawG 'Dtdrfem;rSm cPcP &pfaew,f qkdyguvm;}
&S m;/ /]awmfayAsm? bmrsm; ygoGm;owJhvJ}
tkyf/ /]rsm;rsm;ygr,f rxifygbl; q&m? a': pdefcifudk arhaq;oGif;NyD; .. a[m a': pdefcif udk,fwkdif vmygNyD
cifAsm}
xkdcPü a':pdefcifonf rsufuGif;rsm; ndKvsuf azsmhawmhaom tom;t&nfESifh {nfhcef;udk ajz;nif;pGm
0ifvmNyD;vQif
]OD;pH&Sm;uawmh owday;&Smom;yJ ? uRefru udkatmifbudk ac:&rSm tm;emwmESifh 'Dvkd jzpf&wmyJ}
atmif/ /]uRefawmfvJ ckreufrS Mum;ygw,f}
&S m;/ /]a': pdefcif Munfh&wm tm;enf;yHk&vkdufwm? nu jzpfyHkudk jyefvkdUrS ajymEkdifyghrvm; cifAsm}
tkyf/ /(tusÐudk ykwfjyí) ]uRefawmf ppfcsuf ,lNyD;ygNyD cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]odkUaomf tifrwef tm;enf;vdkU &Sd&if }
cif/ /]ajymEkdifygw,f ? rsm;rsm;BuD; ajym&rSmrS r[kwfbJ? vu©PmrSmawmh apmwifqkdwJh rdef;ru olvQdKvkyfNyD;
'DtdrfrSm b,fae&m bm&Sdw,f qkdwm tukefvHk; vrf;ñTefcJhwJh [efwlw,f? uRefr tdyfaysmfaewkef;udk
arhaq;zsef;xm;wJh t0wfESifh ESmacgif;yg;pyfudk ydwfNyD; olwkdU vkdcsifwmudk arTaESmuf&SmazGMu[efwlw,f? uRefrvJ
a&TOa'gif;
b,favmufMumMum arhaew,f rqkdEkdifbl;? owd&vkdU rsufpdudk zGifhMunfhvkdufawmh vlwpfa,mufu

ukwifeHab;rSmxkdif? wpfa,mufu armifnGefYaz&JU oHaowåmxJu txkyfBuD;wpfxkyfudk qGJxkyfNyD; ukef;xaewm
jrif&wmudk;&Sifh? 'Dawmh uRefru jAKef;qkd xNyD; txkyfudk qGJ,lwmudk;}
tkyf/ /]&Jygay cifAsm}
cif/ /]'gESifh uRefruqGJ? olu ½kef;? a&SUxkd;aemufiif jzpfaeMuwkef;? uRefracgif;udk bmESifh ½kdufvkdufw,f
rqkdEkdifbl;? rl;vJ oGm;a&m ? 'DawmhrS bkd;xl;u vefUEkd;NyD; jywif;aygufu ukef;atmfvkdufwm &Gmom;awGvJ
vma&m? olcdk;awGvJ ajy;a&m}
&S m;/ /]bmrsm; ygoGm;ovJ}
cif/ /]tzkd;wef ypönf;qdkvdkU bmrS raysmufygbl; &Sif}
&S m;/ /]bmrS ajc&mrcHrdbl;vm;}
cif/ /]olckd;vufxJu uRefr qGJvkvkdufwm puúLpkwf wpfckawmh &vkdufw,f? vufa&;uawmh armifnGefYaz&JU
vufa&;yJ}
tkyf/ /]'gu ta&;rBuD;ygbl; q&m? tvum; [myg}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm; ta&;rBuD;ayrJh usKyf ta&;BuD;csifBuD;r,f? Munfhyg&apAsm? b,frvJ}
xkdtcg Xmemtkyfonf tusÐtdwfrS zl;puwfpuúL wpf&Gufudk xkwf,lNyD;vQif armifpH&Sm;tm; jyav&m
armifpH&Sm;onf puúLay:wGif a&;om;yg&Sdaom jrefrmpm tu©&mrsm;udk aocsmpGm zwfMunfhNyD;aemuf
&S m;/ /]'D[mudk cifAsm; b,fhES,f oabm&ovJ Xmemtkyf}
tkyf/ /]0w¬K wpfydkif;wpfpESifh wlyg&JU q&m}
&S m;/ /]0w¬KyJvm; 'kdif,m&D rSwfwrf;yJvm; rajymwwfbl;? eHygwfwyfxm;wm Munfhprf; 245 wJh? usefwJh pmrsufESm
244 &Guf[m b,fa&mufoGm;yvJ}
tkyf/ /]olckd;vufxJ a&mufoGm;NyD xifyg&JU q&m? aps;xJrSm a&mif;&if wpfydom wpfrwf&rSmaygh}
&S m;/ /]wpfydom wpfrwfESifh a&mif;pm;zkdY puúLudk 'Davmuf tyifyef;cHNyD; 0ifcdk;yghrvm; cifAsm}
tkyf/ /]a': pdefcif owd&vmavawmh qGJrdqGJ&m qGJajy;&wmESifh wlygw,f q&m}
cif/ /]uRefrom; ypönf;udk bmjyKvkdU arTMuygvdrfhrvJ &Sif}
tkyf/ /]tdrfatmufrSm tzkd;wefwJh ypönf; rawGUavawmh tdrfay: wuf&Sm wmaygh ta':&JU? r[kwfbl;vm; q&m}
&S m;/ /]usKyf pOf;pm;&OD;r,f? vmprf;AsdKU udkodef;armif}
[k uRefawmftm; jywif;aygufteD;odkU ac:NyD;vQif pm&Gufudk zwfMunfhMu&m pmrSm tpkwfjzpfojzifh pmydk'fwpfck\
tv,frS pum;onf atmufygtwkdif; awGU&av\/
rsufESmESifhwuG wpfudk,fvHk; tESYHt jym; 'Pf &m temw& &&SdcJ hav\/ odkU&mwGif udk,fum,ü xdckdufaom
'Pf &monf raem'Gg&ü xdckd ufa om 'Pf&mES ifh EI dif; pm vkdufygu ta&;rBuD;vSacs/ ,if;uJhodkU 'Pf&m
BuD; pG mES ifh ajray:ü rcsdrqefU wG ef Uvd rf um jyif ;jyaom a0'emud k cHpm;vsuf &S dpOf touf ru cspf vS aom
&nf; pm;onf onf oem;u½kPm &S drnf ES if h a0;pG? avSmifajymif csif ouJ hod kU jyH K ;&T ifa om rsuf ES mxm;ES if h
xkdoltm; iH kUíMunfhvkdufaomtcgüum; xkdolrSm tonf;udk vSHESifhqGvkdufbdouJhodkU qwfqwfcgatmif
em&SmvSay\/ xkd cPrS pí BuD;vSpGm aom cspf jcif ;onf awmufawmufcg;cg; rk ef ;xm;aom tjzpfodkU
ajymif ;vJ cJ ha v\/ aemufa emif tcgrsm;üum; uRef kyfo nf ES pf OD ;aygif; qH kzdk U vH kUvrjyKawmh bJ xkd rdef; r
toufqHk;½IH;atmif vufpm;acs&ef twG ufu dk om raerem; tm;xkw fa wmhrnf jzpfa vonf /
¤if;pm&Gufudk zwfNyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf XmemtkyfvufodkU jyefay;vsuf ]pma&;yHk awmfawmf xl;qef;w,f?

yxrawmh (ol) qkdwJh pum;oHk;NyD; atmufem;usawmh (uREkfyf) qkdwJh pum;oHk;w,f? a&;&if; a&;&if;ESifh
pdwftm;xufoef onfxuf xufoefNyD; ZmwfvkdufjzpfwJh tjzpftysufudk udk,frSm jzpfysufbdouJhodkU a&;rd[ef
&Sdw,f}
tkyf/ /]tvum;pmyg q&m? bma&;a&; trIESifh rqkdifygbl;? b,fhES,fvJ q&m jyefawmhrvkdUvm;}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm;wkdU &Sdae&ufom;yJ? usKyf'DrSm vkyfp&m tvkyf r&Sdbl;? 'gxuf a': pdefcif ? oD[kdVfuRef;udk bk&m;zl;
oGm;csifovm;Asm}
cif/ /]oGm;csifaewm MumNyDaum&Sif? Ak'¨*g,ma&m ukodEém½Hka&m? om0wd¬jynfa&m oD[kdVfuRef;a&m? ykdufqHrsm;&Sd&if
avQmufNyD; oGm;prf;csifw,f &Sif}
&S m;/ /]aumif;ygcifAsm? aumif;yg&JU? udkif; udkif; ? uRefawmf jyefOD;r,f? naeawmhrS pmwpfapmifa&;NyD;
taMumif;jyefvkdufygOD;r,f}
[k ajymí tdrfjyifodkU xGufvmcJhMu&m Xmemtkyfonf tHhMoaom rsufESmxm;ESifh armifpH&Sm;tm; Munfhvsuf ol\
pdwfüum; OD;pH&Sm;qkdwm awmfw,f awmfw,fESifh emrnfausmfNyD; &l;aygaygxifyg&JU [k atmufarh[ef vu©Pm
&Sdav\/
um;ay: odkU wufMuí &efukefodkU jyefvnfarmif;ESif vmMupOf
&S m;/ /]udkif; udkodef;armif? a': pdefcif trIrSm ta&;tBuD;qHk;jzpfwJh aemufqHk;tcsufudk a&mufaeNyD? wpfcgjzifh
tm;vHk;&Sif;vif;awmhr,f? odkUaomf rdef;rqkdwmrsdK;[m? txl;ojzifh rusifNrdKifvkd rdef;rrsdK;[m y&d,m,frm,m
tvGefrsm;avawmh cifAsm;vkd vlwpfa,muf ygwmvJ aumif;w,fAsm}
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf qufvufí pum;rajymawmhbJ um;udkomvQif vsifjrefpGm armif;ESifvmcJh&m
0if'grD,mvrf; teD;odkU a&mufumrS
]'gxuf udkodef;armif? 'DtrIudk cifAsm; awmfawmf tuJcwfrd&JUvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]b,fu tuJcwfrdrSmvJ As? uRefawmfodoavmufjzifh ck uRefawmfwkdU oGm;awGUr,fh rusifNrdKif qkdwJh
rdef;r[m 'DtrIrSm 0efudkif jzpfw,fqkdwm wpfckavmufom uRefawmf &dyfrdw,f}
&S m;/ /]tppfyJ? odkUaomf rusifNrdKif qkdwm Mum;zl;&JU r[kwfvm;? &efukefNrdKUay:rSm &SdwJh w½kwfujym;rxJrSm
tacsmqHk; tvSqHk; ayghAs? [kdwkef;ursm; [kdaxmifuJu vdkcsif? 'Dpufydkifu vkdcsifESifh w½kwfolaX;csif;udk
rkd;rTefaewmaygh? aemufqHk;usawmh a&mfbmjcHawG bmawG trsm;BuD; &SdvkdUrdkU &efukefrSm tcsrf;omqHk; jzpfwJh
olaX;BuD; OD;csdefuefESifh &wmudk;As? &NyD;vkdU ESpfESpfavmufvJ Muma&m OD;csdefuefvJ aoa&m? rusifNrdKifvJ rlv
tacsmqHk; rdef;rwpfa,muf jzpfwJh tay:rSm ydkufqHt<u,f0qHk; rdef;r wpfa,mufvJ jzpfjyefwmudk;? OD;csdefuef
aoNyD;wJhaemuf t&G,fuav;uvJ cyfaumif;aumif;? ½kyfuav;uvJ cyfacsmacsm? ykdufqHuav;uvJ
cyfaygaygESifh xifovkd aysmfjrL;NyD;aevkdufwmaygh cifAsm? olUudk &csifwJh vlawG rIdvkdaygufNyD;aewmyJ? ¤if;txJrSm
usKyfwkdU rdwfaqG armifnGefUazvJ tygt0if jzpfzl;w,f? vluav;u ½kyfu acsmacsm ? ajyma&; qkdpuav;uvJ
&Sdjyef? [efuav;uvJ cyfaumif;aumif; jzpfjyefawmh ]wpfbD;vSdrfh} rQru rusifNrdKif udk,fwkdifyJ tawmf
pGJvrf;oGm;w,f? odkUaomfvJ rusifNrdKifvkdrdef;rpm;rsdK;[m pdwful;wkdif;aygufvkdU tBuHajrmufNyDqdkrSjzifh 'Dwpfa,muf
a&TOa'gif;
udk tDoGm;NyD; [kdwpfa,mufudk pGJvef;jyefwmudk;? cjrmuav;uawmh rEl;reyfao;wJh t&G,frkdUvkdU cspfrdw,f

qkd&ifyJ pGJpGJNrJNrJ tonf;vIduf tlvdIuf cspfBudKufrd&Smwmudk; As}
uRefawmf/ /]aMomf wefawmh? ckeu pm&Guf[m olUtaMumif;ol 0w¬KvkyfNyD; a&;xm;wmESifh wlw,f}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm; &dyfrdvmNyDudk;? ckwavmrSm rusifNrdKifu usKyfwkdU jrefrmvlrsdK;xJu yxrOD;pGm tdkifpDtufpf atmifwJh
vlwpfa,mufESifh vufxyfr,fvkdU Mum;w,f? t&G,frSmawmh rusifNrdKifxuf tyHkBuD; i,foayghav? vluav;u
awmfawmfMum&if ta&;ykdif jzpfr,fhvl qkdawmh ta&;ydkifuawmf[m rkqkd;rjzpfzl;½Hkru olwpfyg;ESifh rSm;,Gif;zl;w,f
qkdwm &Sufp&mBuD;jzpfrSm pdk;&drfonfh twGuf ... a[m ajym&if; qkd&if; a&mufvmNyDAsdKU}
uRefawmfwkdYonf Oa&mywkdufom;rsm; aexkdifaom tdrfBuD;rsm;avmufrQ ru yef;O,smOfrsm; jcH&Hvsuf
odkufNrdKufwifhw,fpGm aqmufvkyfxm;aom wkdufcHtdrfBuD;\ 0if;twGif;ü um;udk &yfNyD;vQif armifpH&Sm;onf
tapcHwpfa,muftm; rdrd\ emrnf½kdufESdyfxm;aom um;csyfuav;udk ay;tyfvdkufonfwGif tapcHonf ¤if;udk
,lí tdrfay: odkU wufoGm;av\/ wpfcPrQMumvQif tapcHonf jyefqif;vmcJhí ocifrrSm rtm;rvyfojzifh
{nfhonf vufrcHEkdifaMumif;ESifh jyefajymav\/
&S m;/ /]'gjzihf rtm;vyfao;vkdU &Sd&if tm;vyfwJh tcsdefwkdifatmif usKyfwkdU xkdifNyD; apmifh½Hk&Sdwmy}
tapcH/ /(rsufarSmifukwfvsuf) ]rtm;ao;bl; qkdwm rawGUcsifvkdU ajymwmAs}
&S m;/ /]aMomf [kwfvm;? 'gjzifh apmifhaezkdU rvkdbl;aygh? a&mh 'gjzifh a[mh'Dpmuav; oGm;ay;vkdufprf;yg}
[k ajymí pm&Gufwpfckay:wGif pmav;ig;wef;udk a&;NyD;aemuf tapcHtm; ay;vkduf&m tapcHonf pmudk,lí
wufoGm;jyefav\/
uRefawmf/ /]bmrsm; a&;ay;vkdufovJ Asm}
&S m;/ /]'gjzifh *wfwJudk usKyfwkdU oGm;awmhr,fvkdU a&;vkdufwmygyJ? pdwfcsygAsm? tawGUcHygw,f}
wpfcPrQMumvQif tapcHonf wpfzef ay:vmcJí uRefawmfwkdUtm; vuf&yfac:iifNyD;vQif taumif;qHk;aom
w½kwftoHk;taqmif? taumif;qHk;aom Oa&mywkdufom;wkdU toHk;taqmif? taumif;qHk;aom jrefrm
toHk;taqmif tp&SdonfwkdUudk a&m>yef;vsuf tvGefw&m pnf;pdrf&Sdatmif BuHpnfpdwful; xl;uJpGm qifjyifí
xm;aom tcef;BuD; wpfcktwGif;odkU ac: oGm;av\/ tcef;\ wpfckaom axmifhwGif qkdzmBuD; wpfcktay:ü
zJrSDtkH;BuD;rsm;\ tv,frS rdef;rwpfa,mufonf uRefawmfwdkU 0ifvmonfudk jrifojzifh avsmif;vJum ae&mrS
xvkdufonfwGif uRefawmfrSm þrQavmuf vSywifhw,faom rsufESm? þrQavmuf tcsdK;tpm;useí odrfarGU
aysmhajymif;onfh udk,fvHk;udk,faygufudk tb,ftcgrQ rjrifzl; [lí pdwfwGif;ü csD;rGrf;rdav\/ pifppftm;jzifh
qdkaomf ¤if;rusifNrdKifrSm jrefrmvlrsdK;wkdUteuf twifhw,fqHk;aom ½kyfvu©PmESifh? w½kwfvlrsdK;wkdUteuf
trGefjrwfqHk;aom ½kyfvu©PmwkdUudk oifhwifhatmif a&mpyfyl;aygif;í xm;onfESifh wlvSay\/ rusifNrdKifonf
uRefawmfwdkUESpfa,mufudkjrifvQif ta&mifwvufvuf rD;rsm;xGufbdouJhodkUaom rsufvHk;rsm;jzifh uRefawmfwkdUtm;
ajcqHk;acgif;qHk; Munfhvsuf
NrdKif / /]w,fvGefwJh vlawGyguvm;? b,fvkd t"dyÜm,fESifh 'Dpm a&;ay;vkdufMuwmvJ}
&S m;/ /]ÓPf&SdwJh yk*d¾Kvf wpfOD; yJAsm? zGifhajymzkdY rvkdygbl;? odkYaomfvnf; tckwpfavmrSmawmh ynm&Sd owdjzpfcJ
qkdwmvkd cyfacsmfacsmf jzpfaew,f xifw,f}
NrdKif / /(rsufcHk;csDvsuf) ]&Sif tck ajymwm bmajymaewmvJ}
&S m;/ /]vlrdkufawG iSm;NyD; usKyfudk tajcmufckdif;&if aMumufvefUoGm;vdrfhr,fvdkU rusifNrdKif xifwm rSm;wmaygh?
ab;tEÅ&m,fqkdwm aMumufwwfwJh vlom aMumufwwfwmAs? usKyfwkdUvkd vlu ab;tEÅ&m,f xlxyfavav
aevkdUxkdifvdkU aumif;avav? 'gaMumifhom 'Dtvkyfudk usKyf vkyfEkdifwmaygh? a':pdefcif trIudk

vufcH&aumif;rvm; vkdU pOf;pm;aewkef; cifAsm; tajcmufckdif;vkdufwmESifh vufcHjzpfwmyJ}
fNrd Kif / /]'Dvlu bmawG avQmufajymaeygvdrfhrvJ ? vlrdkufawGESifh uRefrESifh bmqdkifovJ &Sifh}
&S m;/ /(½kwfw&uf wHcg;ayguf &Sd&modkU vSnfYNyD;vQif) ]udkif; ? rcdkif;vkdU&SdrS jyefygawmhr,fAsm}
NrdKif / /]aeygOD;&Sif? b,foGm;rvkdUwkef;}
&S m;/ /]*gwfwJ oGm;½Hk &SdwmyJ}
xkdcPü rusifNrdKifrSm cufxefaom rsufESmxm;rS txl;ojzifh csdKomodrfarGUaom rsufESmxm; tjzpfodkU ½kwfw&uf
ajymif;vJcJhí armifpH&Sm;\ vufarmif;udk udkifqGJvsuf ...
]xkdifMuygOD;awmh&Sif? tvsifwvkd rvkyfMuprf;ygESifh? ajymp&m&Sd&ifvJ ajz;ajz;aq;aq; ajymMuwmaygh? OD;pH&Sm;
qkdwm *kPftoa&&Sd vlBuD;vlaumif; wpfa,mufjzpfaMumif;? vlwpfzufom;udk oem;ñSmwmwwfaMumif;udk
vljrif½HkESifh uRefr odygw,f? uRefrudk rdwfaqGvkdyJ oabmxm;yg&Sif}
&S m;/ /(rsufESmxm;wif;wif;ESifh) ]rdwfaqGvkd oabmxm;zkdU awmfawmfMuyfw,f rusifNrdKif? usKyf[m tpdk;&
vcpm; r[kwfaomfvnf; ukd,hfpGrf;tm;&SdorQ w&m;enf;twkdif; jzpfMuapzkdUudk aqmif&GufaewJh
vlwpfa,mufjzpfw,f? w&m;enf;vrf; qkdwm t*Fvdyfw&m;Oya'udk qkdvdkwm r[kwfbl;Asaemf? [kwfwkdif;rSef&m
"r®wmoabmw&m;udk usKyf qkdvkdw,f? ukdif; rusifNrdKif ajymp&m&Sdwm ajym? em;axmifNyD;rS usKyf qHk;jzwfr,f}
NrdKif / /]OD;pH&Sm;vkd owdåAswdåESifh jynfhpHkvHkavmufwJh vlwpfa,mufudk tjcdrf;ajcmufckdif;wmvJ uRefr rkdufrdwmygyJ
&Sif}
&S m;/ /]'Dxuf rkdufwm &Sdao;w,f? bmvJ qkdawmh udk,fhtaMumif;udk reufjzefay: rvm;? obufcg ay:rvm;
pdwfrcs&wJh vlqkd;awGESifh yl;aygif;NyD;? awmfawmfMum&if olwkdU aiGñSpfwkdif; xkwfay;ae&atmif pDrHvkdufyHku
omNyD;awmh rkduf&musw,f rusifNrdKif}
NrdKif / /]onfavmufawmif awmhvnf; uRefr rrdkufygbl;&Sif? trSef zGifhajym&rSmjzifh pdef[kwfESifh rapmwif uvGJvkdU
uRefrtaMumif;udk b,folrS rodygbl;? olwkdU qkdwmrSmawmh wpfwufpm;vJ MuufoGef? ESpfwufpm;vJ MuufoGef
qkdwmrsdK;vkd cdkif;apaeMu jzpfaeawmh rxl;ygbl;&Sif}
&S m;/ /]aMomf onfvkdvm;}
NrdKif / /]rSefygw,f? prf;NyD; oyfNyD;om;awGyg}
&S m;/ /]EkdUayrJh vlqkdwm rsdK;[m azmufjyefwwfw,f Asaemf? rawmfvkdU azmfvkdufvQif b,fhES,fvkyfrvJ? ykvdyfu
olwkdUudk azmufxGif;rIESihf tck zrf;awmhr,f Mum;vm;}
NrdKif / /]zrf;vQifvJ uRefr bmudpö&SdovJ? olwkdUauseyfavmufatmif ay;NyD;om;uyJ? uRefr ygp&m bmrS r&Sdbl;}
&S m;/ /]usKyfu azmfvkdufvQif b,fhES,fvkyfrvJ}
NrdKif / /]&Sif onfvkd rvkyfaybl;qdkwm uRefr odNyD;om;uyJ? onfavmufawmif pdwfoabmxm; jrifhjrwfaewJh
vlwpfa,muf[m rdef;r wpfa,mufudk t&Suf rcGJaybl; qkdwm uRefr ,HkMunfNyD; om;uyJ}
&S m;/ /]udkif; 'gjzifh pm&GufawG jyefNyD;ay;ygAsm}
xkdtcg rusifNrdKifonf vufckyfvuf0g; wD;um &,farmNyD;aemuf uRefawmfwkdU ESpfa,mufukd rD;zkdacsmifodkU ac:
oGm;NyD;vQif rD;zkdudk jy&m jymrsm;onf txyfxyf &Sdaeonfudk awGUjrifMu&av\/
a&TOa'gif;
NrdKif / /(armifpH&Sm;\ rsufESmudk Munfhí Mumqefqef NyHK;vsuf ) ]&Sif vkdcsifvQifjzifh onf[myJ ,loGm;ayawmh}
&S m;/ /(rsufESmxm;wif;wif;ESifh) ]udkif; wpfcgjzifh csrf;om ray;Ekdifawmhbl;? pm&GufawG jyef&&if csrf;om
ay;r,fvkdU[m rD;½dIUypfESifhwmudk; rusifNrdKif}
NrdKif / /]onfvkdvJ r&ufpufygESifh OD;pH&Sm;&Sif? tusdK;taMumif;udk uRefr tukef jyefNyD; ajymjy&rvm;}
&S m;/ /]usKyf odNyD;ygNyD? ajymzkdYrvkdygbl;}
NrdKif / /]odayrJh OD;pH&Sm;wkdUu a,mufsm; rsufpdESifh Munfhwmudk;? uRefrwkdU rdef;r rsufpdESifhvJ MunfhOD;rSaygh&Sifh?
rdef;rwkdU arQmfvifhcsufBuD; txajrmufvk qJqJrSmrS wpfa,mufa,muf vmNyD; aESmifh,Sufr,f qkd&if umuG,fzkdU&m
enf;vrf;twkdkif; r[kwfygvm;&Sif}
&S m;/ /]rSm;wmu t&if pNyD; rSm;wmyJ}
NrdKif / /]rSefygw,f? rSefygw,f? tifrwef pdwfoabm aumif;&SmwJh oli,fuav; ygay&Sif? 'gaMumifhvJ uRefr
pHkruf rdaywmyJ? EkdUayrJh olUoabmu vifESifhr,m; tjzpf aexkdif&rS auseyfEkdifrSm&Sifh? 0ufom;[if;udk
jrifaewJhvl[m iydcsufESifh b,fauseyfEkdifrvJ? olu onftxJrSm wpfaeUxuf wpfaeU acgif;rmNyD; vmw,f? olU
xifjrifcsufudk wpfcg ay;rd&if tpOfrjywf ay;&r,f? olU wpfa,mufxJudkrSvJ ay;&r,f? onfvkdudk;&Sifh?
onfawmh uRefr b,hfES,fwwfEkdifrvJ? zGifhajym&awmhwmaygh}
&S m;/ /]zGifhajymyHkuvJ vlrkdufawG iSm;NyD; ½kdufajcmufvkdufw,f r[kwfvm;}
NrdKif / /]OD;pH&Sm;u tvHk;pkH odNyD; jzpfaewmudk;? vdrfvkdUawmif &rSm r[kwfygbl;? rSefygw,f&Sif? ajcmufrdygw,f?
onfawmh olu b,hfES,fvkyfovJ &Sifod&JUvm;? *kPftoa&&Sd rdaumif;zcif om;wpfa,muf vkyfaeNyD; rdef;rudk
t&SufcGJr,fvkdUwJh &Sif? Mum;zl;Mu&JUvm;? olu olUudk,folawmh olawmfaumif;uav;? uRefrudkawmh rdef;rqkd;BuD;
wpfa,mufvkyfNyD; 0w¬Ka&;NyD; xkwfrvkdUwJh? uRefrwkdU taMumif;[m wpfNrdKUvHk; &dyfrdaeMuawmh emrnfudk wkduf½kduf
azmfra&;aomfvnf;? b,folU taMumif; a&;w,fqkdwm rawG;rdMubJ aeyghrvm;&Sif? MunfhygOD;awmh
BuHBuHpnfpnf}
&S m;/ /]0w¬Kqkdwm [kwfonfjzpfap r[kwfonfjzpfap? udk,fxifwmudk udk,fa&;ydkifw,f r[kwfbl;vm;}
NrdKif / /]0w¬Ka&;NyD; yHkrESdyfrD ESpftkyfjzpfatmif aumfyDul;owJh &Sif? ul;NyD; wpftkyfudk uRefrqDydkU ? wpftkyfudkawmh
pmyHkESdyfwkduf ydkYr,fvkdUwJh &Sif? aumif;ao;&JUvm;&Sif}
&S m;/ /]yHkESdyfwdkufudk rydkUao;aMumif; cifAsm; b,hfES,f odovJ}
NrdKif / /]olydkYaeMu ol&d,wkdufudk uRefr pHkprf;MunfhvkdU odygw,f&Sif? olUvufa&;ESifh 0w¬KvJ &a&m olvJ
½kwfw&uf ao&Smw,f vkdU uRefr Mum;&w,f? onfawmhum wpftkyf[m olYypönf;awGxJrSm usefae&pf&r,f?
usef&pfvQifvJ olUtarqD ydkU&r,fqkdwm uRefrodawmh ? &Sif Mum;NyD; jzpfwJh twkdif; ½kd;½dk;enf;ESifh uRefr &atmif
0,f,lygw,f&Sif? 'gayrJh &SifodwJh twkdif;yJ 0,fvkdUr&bl;? r&awmhrS onfhjyifwpfenf;ESifh &atmif uRefr
BuHpnf&wmyg&Sif? armifnGefUazuav; tay:rSm uRefr qkd;rdwmvJ qkd;rdyg&JU? EkdUayrJh wpfoufvHk; tBuHtpnfawG
ysufukefrSm pdk;avawmh jyKrdjyK&m jyK&awmhwmyJ OD;pH&Sm;&JU}
&S m;/ /(twefMum pOf;pm;aeNyD;aemuf) ]tif; tpdk;& odvQifawmh xdefcsefrI jzpfOD;awmhrSmyJ ? 'gxuf tdEd´,jynfudk
tazmfwpfa,mufESifh yxrwef;pD;NyD; avQmufvnfvQif b,favmufukefrvJ} [k ar;aom tcg rusifNrdKifonf
tHhMoaom rsufESmxm;ESifh armifpH&Sm;tm; MunfhíaeonfwGif
&S m;/ /]3000 usyf avmufyghrvm;}
NrdKif / /]avmufaumif;yg&JU&Sif}
&S m;/ /]udkif; rusifNrdKif? 3000 usyfwef csufpuúL wpfckudk vufrSwfxkd;Asm? a':pdefcif vufudk aiGvJNyD; usKyf
ydkUvkdufr,f? crsmrSmvJ bk&m;zl; oGm;csifaewm MumvSNyDwJh}
[k ajymNyD;aemuf csufpuúLudk &aomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf vufñdI;ukdk axmifum ,rf;vsuf
]owdxm;aemf rusifNrdKif? owdxm;? rD;udk ta&m0ifNyD; upm;wJh uav;[m wpfaeUaeUusawmh vufudk
avmifwwfoAsaemf? rusifNrdKif owdxm;vkdufyg}
NyD;ygNyD/
______
a&TOa'gif;
12/ rif;wkdify iftrwfwpfOD;\ trIü armifpH&Sm; pHka xmufyHk

orkdif;blwm½HkESifhteD; wpfckaom wkdufcHtdrfBuD; wpftdrfonf vaygif;rsm;pGm aexkdifol ray:aygufbJ wpfaeUoü
toufav;q,fausmf t&G,fcefU&Sdí olaX;[efaygufaom vlwpfa,mufonf xkdtdrfudk iSm;&rf;NyD;aemuf
tdrfaxmifrI ypönf;tajrmuftjrm;ESifh wuG a&TUajymif;aexkdifvsuf &Sdav\/ xkdol\ trnfrSm OD;ausmfOD;[k
ac:wGifcJhav&m teD;tyg;&Sd tdrf&SifwkdUvnf; þrQavmuf tzdk;tcBuD;jrifhaom tdrfBuD;udk iSm;&rf;aexkdifEkdifaom
olrSm rnfuJhodkUaom olrsdK; jzpfavoenf;[k tdrfeD;jcif; bm0 wapmif;rS tuJcwfvsuf &SdMupOf ¤if;ausmfOD;onf
&[ef;awmfrsm;tm; qGrf;0wfuGrf;0wf jyKonfht&mXmeü vnf;aumif;? &yf&GmrIudpöwkdUüvnf; &ufa&mpGm tvSLaiG
yg0ifjcif;jzifh vnf;aumif;? pmzwftoif; 0wftoif; qGrf;BuD;avmif;toif; ponfwkdUüvnf;
xufoef[ef&Sdaom o'´gw&m;jzifh aiG 50 usyf? 100 usyf ponfwkdUudk &ufpufpGm vSL'gef;jcif;tm;jzifh
¤if;&yf&Gm&Sd vlBuD;vlaumif; taygif;wkdUu xkdolonfum; "eOpömESifh ckdifvHkjynfhpHkonfhjyif pdwfapwemvnf;
tvGefw&m aumif;vSayonfwum;[k tm;&0rf;om csD;rGrf;Mu&Smav\/ tenf;i,f oduRrf;aom olwkdUu
xkdol\ tvkyftudkifudk ar;jref;Munfh½Iaomtcg OD;ausmfOD;u rdrdrSm trdefUawmf& a&SUaeBuD;wpfa,mufjzpfí
txufjrefrmjynfwGif ypönf;Opöm &SmazGpkaqmif;NyD;aemuf v,f,macsmif;ajrrsm;udk 0,fcsrf;NyD;vQif
atmuft&yfa'oü wpfESpfcefUrQ jidrf;csrf;pGm aexkdifvkdojzifh vma&mufwnf;cdk aexkdifaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdonfwGif
todtuRrff;wkdUvnf; pdwfauseyfMuav\/
OD;ausmfOD;onf xkdtdrfBuD;ü vma&mufaexkdifNyD;aemuf wpfvausmf ESpfvcefUrQ &Sdvwfaomf wpfaeUoü
pmydkUukvm;onf OD;ausmfOD; trnfESifh pmav;ig;apmifudk vma&mufay;ydkUí jyefoGm;onfwGif OD;ausmfOD;rSm tdrfa&SU
{nfhcef;twGif;&Sd pm;yGJwpfckwGif pmrsm;udk razmufao;bJ vdyfpmrsm;ESifh pmwkdufwHqdyfrsm;udk Munfh½Ivsuf&Sd&m
OD ;/ /]onfpmu ukodkvfjzpfaq;½Hku tvSLcHwJh pmyJ ? ta&;rBuD;ao;bl; &Sdayap? onf[muawmh 0yfqifwkdufu
ukefzkd;awmif;wJh bDvfyJ? aeayapOD;? tvkd onfpmu rEÅav;u pmygvm;? OD;bkd;vS qDu rSwfw,f? rSef;prf;}
[k ajymNyD;aemuf OD;ausmfOD;onf pmtdyfudk zGifhMunfh&m twGif;üum; aiGpuúL 100 wef oHk;csyfESifh pmwpfapmifudk
awGU&Sd&av\/ OD;ausmfOD;onf aiGpuúLrsm;udk a&wGufMunfh½I z,fxm;NyD;aemuf pmudk zwfMunfh&m ¤if;rSm
atmufygtwkdif; jzpfavonf/
þaiGonf aemufqHk;ay;jcif; jzpfonf/ uRef awmf\xHrS aemufxyf arQmfvif h&ef r&Sd yg/ ,ck a iG oH k;&mudk yif
cJ ,Of;pG mESifh pk aqmif;ay;ydkY&ygonf/ aemufxyf íawmif ;OD;rnf qkdvQif rwwfEkdifawmhyg/ azmfcsif vQif
azmfvkdufygawmh/ odkU&mwGif uRefa wmfh xHrS aiGw pf axmifa usmf &NyD;jzpfí auseyfa vmufa umif; ygNyD/
pmudk zwfNyD;aemuf OD;ausmfOD;onf aiGpuúLrsm;udk pm;yGJtHqGJtwGif;odkU oGwfoGif;í rsufESmxm; NyHK;NyHK;ESifh

]onfvkdvlrsdK;[m ajymawmhjzifh ray;Ekdifbl;av; aemufqHk;av; bmav;ESifh awmfawmfMum xyfNyD; ñSpfjyef&ifvJ
&jyefwmyJ? udkif; onfpmuaum b,folUqDuvJ rSef;prf;} [k wpfa,mufwnf; wD;wdk; ajymNyD;aemuf
pwkw¬pmwpfapmifudk azmufí zwf&m ¤if;pmrSm a&;ol\ trnfae&yfESifh wuG tvkyftudkifwkdUudk
aumif;rGefacsmarGUaom pma&;puúLay:wGif aooyfpGm yHkESdyfyg&Sdav\/ pm&Gufay:ü a&;om; yg&Sdaom pmrSmum;
cif Asm;onf tvG ef w&m odrfi,f ,kw fnH Uaom oabm&S donf jzpfí uRef awmf\ xHrS aiGñSpfí
awmif;jcif; jzpfa omfv nf; ray;cJh vQif uRef awmf wGif ru uRefawmf\ r,m;yg t&SufuGJ&rnf
jzpfaomaMumifh cifAsm;awmif;aom aiG oHk;axmifusyfudk ay;ygawmhrnf/ cifAsm;ajymaom
ouf aocH pmrsm;ud k ,ck wevF maeUn 9 em&D tcsd ef cefUwGif uRefa wmf\ aetd rfod kU ,l cJhv Qif uRefawmf\
uwdtwkdif; aiG oHk;axmifusyf ay;ygrnf / pif ppf tm;jzifh yk vdyfu dk wkdifwef;vkdaomfvnf; r,m;\
t&Sufudk iJhñSmojzifh rnfol wpfOD;wpfa,mufudkrQ rwkdif yif0Hhyg/ od kUjzpf í pd k;&d rf &efr&Sd /
vmjzpfatmifvmyg/
¤if;pmudk zwfNyD;aemuf OD;ausmfOD;onf &Tifvef;tm;&aom rsufESmxm;ESihf

]pufydkifvJ jzpfw,f? jrLeDpyg,fvlBuD;vJ jzpfw,f? orm"dNrdKU0efvJ [kwfw,f? rif;wkdifyiftrwfvJ
jzpfvkdufao;w,f? onfvkdvlrsdK; aiGoHk;axmifusyf ay;&vkdU bmjzpf&rSmvJ? igawmif;rdwmawmif
enf;oGm;ao;w,fuG,f? odkUaomfvJ onftBudrfESifh rNyD;ao;ygbl;av? aemufvJ xyfNyD;awmif;Ekdifao;wmyJ }
ponfjzifh awG;awm ajymqkdvsuf &Sdav\/
¤if;OD;ausmfOD;onf a&SUaewpfa,mufjzpfonf rSefaomfvnf; a&SYaetvkyfudk [efaqmifrQ vkyfukdifí
tjcm;aomenf;tm;jzifh ypönf;Opöm&SmazG pkaqmif;cJhol wpfa,muf jzpfavonf/ xkdol\ enf;rSm olwpfyg;tdrfü
tapcHvkyfolrsm;? orD;&nf;pm; atmifoG,fí ay;wwfaom tr,fBuD;rsm; ESifh tuRrf;0ifatmif aygif;oif;NyD;vQif
olwpfyg;wkdU rodapvkdonfh vQdKU0Sufaom pmrsm;udk aMu;aiGay;í 0,f,lwwfavonf/ vl*kPfwef wpfa,muf\
orD;wpfa,mufonf tu,fí rdrd\&nf;pm;tm; pmwpfapmifay;cJhygrl xkdpmonf OD;ausmfOD;\ vufodkU
a&mufcJhvQif xkdrdef;uav;tm; rdbrsm;udk wkdifMum;rnftaMumif; ESifh acsmufvSefUí aiGrsm;udk tpfatmuf
ñSpf,lwwfavonf/ xkdxuf aiG&vrf;yGifhaom enf;vrf;wpfckrSmum; rdef;rjzpfap a,mufsm;jzpfap rdrdwkdU
t&G,fa&mufonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf a&S;OD;pGm cspfBudKufrdcJhaom &nf;pm;ESifh tMuifvifr,m; tjzpfodkU wkdifatmif
aygif;oif;aexkdif&olrSm tvGefw&m enf;yg;vSonf jzpf&m rsm;pGmaom a,musfm;rdef;rwdkUrSm yxrcspfBudKufaom
&nf;pm;onf wpfOD;jzpfí rdrdwkdUESifh aygif;zuf&aom vifa,musfm; om;r,m;onf wpfOD;jzpfcJhwwfavonf/
,if;odkUjzpfí wpfpHkwpfa,mufaom rdef;ronf rdrd\ &nf;pm;xH orD;&nf;pm;wkdU bm0 cspfBudKufaMumif;
pmwpfapmifudk ay;cJhjim;tHh? xdkrdef;ronf *kPfoa&&Sd tjcm;aom olwpfa,mufESifh taMumif;tm;avsmfpGm
tMuifvifr,m; tjzpfodkU wkdifa&mufonfhtcgü ,cifu pmonf OD;ausmfOD;\ vufodkU qkdufa&mufcJhygvQif
xkdpmudk vifom;tm; jyrnf[k jcdrf;ajcmufí xdkrdef;r\xHrS aMu;aiGrsm;udk tiftm;ESifh avsmfpGm ñSpfxkwf
ajcmufvSefU awmif;,lwwfavonf/ xkdUjyif ukefonfBuD; wpfOD;onf tvkyfESifh ywfoufí vQdKU0Sufaom
pmwpfapmifudk wpfpHkwpfa,mufxH a&;om;rd&m ¤if;\ pma&;xHrSwqifh udk,fpm;vS,fcHonfh OD;ausmfOD;xHodkU
qkdufa&mufonfhtcg a&S;uenf;wl ukefonfBuD;xHrS aiGñSpf&ef enf;vrf; yGifhjyefavonf/ txufwGif azmfjycJh
NyD;onfhtwkdif; OD;ausmfOD;onf tapcHtrsdK;rsdK;? pma&;tajrmuftjrm;? atmifoG,fBuD; trsm;tjym;wkdUESifh
qufoG,fNyD;vQif ¤if;wkdUxHrS pmrsm;udk vlt&nftcsif; ESifh taMumif;udpöudk vkdufí tcaMu;aiG
ay;urf;0,f,lavh&Sdavonf/ &Hzef&Hcg pmwpfapmifudk aiG oHk;&musyfrQ tbkd;ay;í 0,f,lNyD;vQif OD;ausmfOD;onf
ESpfESpf oHk;ESpf ponfjzifh tcGifhray:aygufrjcif; vQdKU0SufpGm apmifhqkdif;odkrSD;í xm;&wwfavonf/ odkU&mwGif
tcGifhoifhonfh tcgürlum; xkdaiGxuf q,fq ruaom aMu;aiG &atmif ñSpfí ,lwwfavonf/
OD;ausmfOD;onf ¤if;pmudk zwfNyD;aemuf pm;yGJtHqGJudk zGifhí ydk;BudK; ESifh aocsmpGm wGJíxm;aom zkdifwGJ wpfwGJudk
xkwf,lNyD;vQif pmrsm;udk vSefavSmMunfh½Ivsuf &Sd&m aemufqHk;ü rdrd&Smaom pmudk awGU&Sdonfh vu©PmESifh pmudk
zkdifwGJrS xkwfNyD;aemuf
]ae&musvkdufavuG,f? a&;yHkuav;u w,frdyguvm;? udk,fhxufi,fuav;rkdU omNyD;cspf&ygw,fwJh? tdrfrSm &SdwJh
r,m;BuD;udk aygif;vkdUomae& ? aiGrsufESmaMumifh aygif;&wmygwJh? rif;udkcspfoavmuf q,fyHkyHk wpfyHkawmif rcspf
ygbl;wJh? onfpmrsm; olUr,m;BuD;jrifvkduf&? b,favmufrsm; yGufavmxvdrfhrvJvdkU? aiGvkdcsifvkdUom EkdUrdkUrsm;jzifh
a&TOa'gif;
pufolaX;BuD;udk EIwfcrf;arG; qGJqGJNyD; olaX;uawmfBuD;u yGufwm Munfhvkdufprf;csifvSouG,f? [,f okdUaomf aiG

oHk;axmifu ao;½dk;vm;? wpfrsdK;rdsK;ESifhBuHNyD; ig ñSif;OD;rSmaygh? tvdk...}
xkdokdU vefUí atmf[pf&jcif;rSm OD;ausmfOD;onf rdrd\ vnfukyfü at;pufpuf &Sdaom t&m0w¬K wpfckESifh
xdawGUonfjzpfí aemufodkUvSnfhMunfhvkdufonfwGif bD;pywfBuD;udk tufuGJatmif ywfvsuf&Sdaom rdef;rBuD;
wpfa,mufonf &ufpufMurf;MuKwfaom rsufESmxm;ESifh rdrdtm; Munfhvsuf ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewfESifh vnfukyfudk
uyfí xm;onfudk awGUjrif&aomaMumifh jzpfavonf/ xdktcg
rd ef ;/ /]vufajr§mufvkdufyg q&mBuD;? enf;enf;uav; vIyfvQif onfu armif;udk jzKwfvkdufr,faemf? ñSmvdrfhr,f
rsm;awmh rxifESifh }
[k trdefUay;ojzifh OD;ausmfOD;onf vufudk ajr§mufíxm;pOf xkdrdef;rBuD;onf bD;pywfudk jzKwfíypfvkduf&m
acgif;wHk;udk ajymifatmif &dyfíxm;aom vlwpfa,muf\ toGifonf ay:vmonf jzpfaomaMumifh xkdolrSm
rdef;rpifppf r[kwfaMumif;udk OD;ausmfOD; od&Sdav\/
OD ;/ /]cifAsm; b,folvJ}
xkdol/ /]qkd;awqkdwm Mum;zl;&JUvm;}
OD ;/ /( thHtm;oifhvsuf ) ]0g;&rf;ajy; qkd;aw qkdwm rdoGm;ygNyDaum}
aw/ /]raeUu rdw,f? onfuaeU vGwfvmw,f em;vnfvm;}
OD ;/ /]bmudpövJ Asm}
aw/ /]bmudpöyJ jzpfjzpf vufudk ajr§mufxm;vkdufyg? vIyfvQif ypfvkdufr,f ? rarhESifhaemf owdxm;}
¤if;aemuf qkd;awonf aoewfudk OD;ausmfOD;\ vnfukyfrS cGmNyD;aemuf OD;ausmfOD;ESifh rsufESmcsif;qkdif&Sdaom
ukvm;xkdifodkU oGm;í xkdifNyD;vQif aoewfudk OD;ausmfOD;bufodkU vSnfhvsuf pm;yGJay:ü wifxm;av\/ xkdtcg
OD;ausmfOD;onf wkefvIyfvSaomfvnf; [efaqmifvsuf
OD ;/ /]ukdqkd;aw qkdwm Mum;omMum;zl;&w,f? ,ckrS vlcsif;awGU&vkdU 0rf;ajrmufoAsm? usKyfvJ cifAsm;vkdygyJAs?
Oya'ESifh qefUusifzuf c&D;oGm;aewJh vlwpfa,mufygyJ}
aw/ /]usKyfwkdUudk cifAsm;ESifh EIdif;NyD; rajymprf;ygESifhAsm? usKyfwkdUu a,mufsm;yDyD ajymifajymifBuD; wkdufcdkufNyD;
pm;wJhvlygAsm? cifAsm; tvkyfu rdef;rvkd rdef;r&ESifh vlwpfzufom;udk ESdyfpufwJh tvkyfuyJ q&mBuD;&JU}
OD ;/ /]bmyJ jzpfjzpf aiG&wm vkd&if; r[kwfbl;vm;Asm? avmurSm aiG&vQif NyD;wef; r[kwfvm;}
aw/ /]aiG&wef;ayrJh cifAsm;vkdvlESifh usKyf xrif;vufqHk pm;wJhvl r[kwfbl;? pm;yGJrSm twl,SOfNyD; xdkif&wmawmif
vGefvSNyD}
qkd;awqkdolrSm vlqkd;wpfa,mufjzpfí &efukefNrdKUBuD; twGif;ü ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm Mumatmif wkdufckdufvk,ufí
toufarG;jrLcJhaom olwpfa,mufjzpfav&m ¤if;\pGrf;&nfowdårSmum; vlqkd;wkdif;uyif csD;rGrf;Mu&í &SdorQ
awGUorQaom vlqkd;wkdU\ bk&ifjzpfNyD;vQif ¤if;tm; ]q&m} [lí ac:Mu&avonf/ qkd;awonf wynfhaygif;
rsm;pGm&Sdí wkdufckdufvk,ufrI trsdK;rsdK;wkdUü qkdif&m qkdif&m wynfhwkdUtm; wm0efcGJa0í ay;NyD;vQif rdrdurl pDrH½HkrQ
vnf;aumif;? tBuHÓPfay;½HkrQ vnf;aumif;? ckd;&myg ypönf;wkdUudk xkcGJa&mif;cs½HkrQ vnf;aumif; jyKvkyfcJhonf
jzpf&m? tpdk;&t&m&SdwkdUonf xkdvl\ taMumif;udk &dyfrdod&SdonfESifh qdk;awrSm vlowfrIESifh wkdufckdufrIaygif;
q,frIru pGyfpGJjcif;cH&vsuf 0g;&rf;ajy;wpfa,muf jzpfcJhzl;av&m ¤if;aemuf 17 vrf; "m;jyrIwGif
vufyl;vufMuyf zrf;qD;&rdcJhonf jzpfí tcsKyfaxmifü csKyfaESmifíxm;pOf pef'vDukvm;\ OD;acgif;udk
½kdufazmufNyD;aemuf xGufajy;wdrf;a&Smif vmcJhjcif;jzpfavonf/
qdk;awonf ukvm;xkdifwGif OD;ausmfOD;ESifh rsufESmcsif;qkdifxkdifí OD;ausmfOD;\ pmrsm;udk zwf½Ivsuf&SdpOf

OD;ausmfOD;onf jidrf0yfpGm raeonfudk &Hzef&Hcg vSrf;íMunfhrdav\/ pmrsm;udk tprS tqHk;wkdif zwf½INyD;aemuf
aw/ /]w,fae&muswJhvlyJ? rif;wkdifyiftrwf OD;pHrif;qDuawmif aiGoHk;axmifusyf &OD;rSmyguvm;? aeOD;
b,faeUwJhvJ? wevFmaeUwJh? reufjzefnyJ? olrodapcsifwJh taMumif;rsm;u b,fvkdtaMumif;rsm;aMumifh
aiGoHk;axmifusyfawmif EIwfydwfc ay;ygvdrfhr,f? rSef;prf;? zkdifwGJ Munfhprf;OD;r,f} ponfjzifh ajymqkda&&Gwf&if;
pmrsm;udk wpfapmifNyD; wpfapmif Munfh½Ivsuf &SdpOf OD;ausmfOD;rSm vufudk ajr§mufxm;&if; tBuHxkwfvsuf &Sdav\/
¤if;\ tBuHrSm rdrd\ pm;yGJatmufqifhü ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewf wpfvuf&SdonfjzpfaomaMumifh qkd;aw
rsufpdvpfonfh tckdufwGif ½kwfw&uf,lí qdk;awudk ypfowfvkduf&aomf tpdk;&u xkwfjyefxm;aom
qkaiGoHk;axmifusyfudkvnf; &acsrnf/ ig\ tdrftwGif;odkU tcGifhr&SdbJ 0ifa&mufí ykdifydkifeif;eif; ig\pmrsm;udk
arTaESmufMunfh½Iol wpfa,muftm;vnf; qHk;r&ma&mufacsrnf/ onfhjyif pOf;pm;&if; qkd;aw\ tvpfudk
acsmif;vsuf &Sdav\/ odkU&mwGif qkd;awonf tvGefw&m owdaumif;ol wpfa,mufjzpfí vpfonfhtuGufudk
rawGU EkdifcJhacs/
qkd;awonf pmrsm;udk zwf½INyD;aemuf
aw/ /]onfpmavmufESifh aiGoHk;axmifusyf ay;NyD;0,fovm;Asm? udk,hfr,m;uyJ udk,fem;vSnfhNyD; ajymvkduf&if
NyD;a&maygh}
OD ;/ /(tBuH&vsuf) ]onfpmavmuf bmurvJAsm? pm;yGJtHqGJxJrSm onfhjyiftjyif pmawG &Sdao;w,f? aeOD;
uskKyfjyr,f}
[k ajymí OD;ausmfOD;onf ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewfxm;aom pm;yGJtHqGJudk qGJí ajcmufvHk;jyL;udk qkyfudkifrdonfESifh
wpfNydKifeuf qkd;awonf xkdol\rsufESmxm;udk&dyfrdaomaMumifhavavmrod? teD;ü wifxm;aom ajcmufvHk;jyL;udk
½kwfw&ufaumuf,lí OD;ausmfOD;\ &if0udk ypfvkduf&m OD;ausmfOD;onf rsufvHk;rsm;jyL;í oGm;NyD;aemuf pm;yGJay:ü
idkufí vJoGm;av\/ ¤if;aemuf qkd;awonf toHk;&Sdu &Ekdifatmif rdrd\ tdwfüxnfhxm;aom pdefa&mifcsnf
aAsmuftkd; ESpfvHk;oHk;vHk;udk vsifjrefpGm xkwfí rD;½dIUNyD;aemuf tdrfjyifodkU ypfvkduf&m aAsmuftkd;wkdUonfvnf;
wxkdif;xkdif; aygufuGJMuav\/
xkdtcg tdrfeD;yg;csif;wkdUonf yxrü aoewfoHvkdvkd Mum;onfESifh tdrfjyifodkU xGufí MunfhMuaomtcgrS
aAsmuftdk;rsm;aygufuGJonfudk awGUjrifMuojzifh ta&;r,lbJtrSwfrJhomvQifaeMuav\/ xkdtjcif;t&mudk qkd;aw
awGUjrif&aomtcg
aw/ /]aAsmuftkd;awG ay:vmwm w,fae&musouG,f? aAsmuftkd;vkyfwJh vlrsm;udk aus;Zl;wif&ao;w,f?
aoewfoHvkdvkd aAsmuftkd;oHvkdvkdESifh w,fNyD; vSnfhpm;vkdUaumif;wmyJ? aMomf udkausmfOD; udkausmfOD;?
tnmrSmaevQif taumif;om;ESifh atmufqif;vmwJhNyD; igvkdvludkrsm; tvpftkyfvkdU &r,fvkdU rSwf&Smw,f?
rkdufvSwJh owå0g aowmyJ aumif;w,f}
[k wpfa,mufwnf; a&&Gwfajymqkd&if; qkd;awonf pm;yGJtHqGJrsm;udk arTaESmufí &SmazGav\/
¤if;aemuf qkd;awvJ wpftdrfvHk;udk tESHUtjym; aphpHkatmif Munfh½Ijyef&m wpfckaomaxmifhü aomhwef;vef;ESifh
opfom;AD½kdBuD;wpfckudk jrifonfESifh AD½kdudk zGifhcJhNyD;vQif OD;ausmfOD;\ tavmif;udkayGUcsDcJhí AD½kdwGif;odkU
oGwfoGif;NyD;aemuf aomhESifh ydwfxm;NyD;vQif aomhudk rdrd\ tdwfwGif;odkU xnfhxm;vkdufav\/ ¤if;aemuf
qkd;awonf OD;ausmfOD;\ tdyfcef;odkU 0ifNyD;vQif ckwifay:ü tdyf&mae&mudk aooyfpGm cif;usif;NyD;aemuf rdrd\
aetdrfü tdyf&bdouJhodkU pdwfcsvufcs tdyfpufav\/
a&TOa'gif;
ae0ifonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf qdk;awonf tdyfa&;0onfh vu©PmESifh tdyf&mrSxNyD;vQif em&DBuD;udkMunfh&m

ajcmufem&Dxkd;NyD;aMumif; od&onfESifh ]tcsdefawmfyJa[h? OD;ausmfOD;um;ESifh okwfokwfarmif;oGm;vkduf&&if
udk;em&Drxkd;cif a&mufoGm;rSmyJ}
[k ajymNyD;aemuf xkdtdrfonf rdrd\ tdrfydkifjzpfbdouJhodkU qkd;awonf OD;ausmfOD;\ um;xm;aom wJodkU
oGm;a&mufav\/ OD;ausmfOD;rSm ESpfa,mufpD; um;uav;wpfpD; rMumrDu 0,f,lxm;onfjzpf&m qkd;awonf
um;ü yufx½dktjynfh xnfhxm;aMumif;awGU&Sdojzifh rD;xGef;csdefwkdifa&mufonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf um;udk pufEId;í
tdrfjyifodkU armif;vmcJhav\/ ¤if;aemuf um;udk jynfvrf;rBuD;odkU a&mufatmif armif;ESifNyD;vQif ¤if;odkU
a&mufonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf pufukefzGifhí jynfNrdKUbufodkU armif;ESifoGm;av\/
udk;em&D xkd;vkeD;avvQif qdk;awonf rif;wkdifyiftrwf OD;pHrif;\ aetdrfodkU qkdufa&mufav&m qkd;awonf
um;ukd tdrf0if;twGif;odkU armif;ESifNyD;aemuf tdrfay:okdU wufí tapcHwpfa,muftm; OD;pHrif; ESifh awGUvkdaMumif;
ajymqkdNyD;vQif tdrfOD;cef;&Sd ukvm;xkdifwpfckwGif tcefUom;xkdifvsuf &Sdav\/
wpfcPrQMumvQif tdrf&SifOD;pHrif;onf {nfhcef;odkU xGufvmí udpöudk ar;jref;&m qkd;awonf ukvm;xkdifay:wGif
ajcrsm;udk qefUvsuf xkdifae&mrS ]jznf;jznf;ayghAsm? xkdifygOD;awmh pufydkifBuD;&,f} [k rdrdu tdrf&SifjzpfbdouJhodkU
ukvm;xkdifwpfckudk nTefjyum zdwfMum;onfwGif pufydkifOD;pHrif;vnf; ,D;wD;a,mifawmifESifh xkdif&av\/
rif;/ /]usKyfqDudk pma&;NyD; aiGawmif;wm cifAsm;vm;}
aw/ /]rSefygw,f trwfrif;}
rif;/ /]b,frSmvJ oufaocHpmawG yg&JUvm;}
aw/ /]wpfcsdKUygw,fAs? wpfcsdKUudkawmh udpöNyD;rS uRefawmf ydkUvkdufr,f}
rif;/ /]bmudpöNyD;pD;&rSmvJAs? usKyf aoaocsmcsm pma&;vkdufw,f r[kwfvm;}
aw/ /]ajz;ajz;aygh trwfrif;? bmaMumifh t&ifvkdovJAsm}
rif;/ /]usKyfu aiGoHk;axmifusyfay;vdkU &Sd&if usKyfpmawGudk jyefay;r,f r[kwfvm;}
aw/ /(ukvm;xkdifay:wGif vufykdufum cyfat;at; xkdifvsuf) ]uRefawmf tck pdwfajymif;oGm;NyD? aiGudk
rvkdcsifawmhbl;}
rif;/ /]tvkd aiGr,lbJ onftwkdif; jyefay;ygvm;}
aw/ /]onfvkdvJ [kwf½kd;vm;Asm? aiGr,lbJESifh wjcm;[m awmif;csifvkdUaygh}
rif;/ /]bmrsm;awmif;csifovJAsm}
aw/ /]uRefawmfhudk aiGay;rJh tpm; uRefawmfay;wJh tBuHudk vkdufemNyD; uRefawmfckdif;ovkd cifAsm;vkyfvQifjzifh
cifAsm; pmawGudk jyefay;r,f? EdkUr[kwfvQifjzifh}
rif;/ /]rif;wkdifyiftrwf vkyfaeNyD; wpfEkdifiHvHk;a&SUrSm t&SufruGJyg&apESifh? armifrif;BuD;om;&,f? ckdif;csifwm
ckdif;yg? pmawGudkawmh rjyvkdufygESifhAsm}
______
wpfaeUoü uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdUonf owif;pmrsm;udk wpfa,mufwpfapmifpD udkifvsuf vSefavSm

zwf½IaeMupOf uRefawmfonf atmufygtjcif;t&mrsm;udk owif;pmwGif awGU&Sdonfjzpfí armifpH&Sm;tm;
em;axmif&ef ajymNyD;vQif zwfíjyav\/
xl;qef;aomvlowfrItaMumif ;
orkd if ;NrdKUü txuf jref rmjynf rS a&S UaeOD ;ausmfOD; qkdolonf ]udk;ZD;AD vm} trnf&S daetd rfudk
iS m;&rf;aexkdifNyD ;aemuf vGef cJhonfh we*FaEGaeUu aysmufjcif ;rvS aysmufíoGm;onf[k
owif; jzpfyGm;vsuf &SdcJhaMumif;? td rfeD ;yg;jcif ; wkd U onf wHcg;udkzG if hvsuf ntcgüvnf ; rD;xGef; ñSdjcif;
r&Sd bJ arS mif ES ih frnf; rnf; &Sd aeonf h tdrfBuD;udk oHk;av;&ufrQ apmifhqkdi f; Munfh½IMuNyD ;aemuf
ouFmruif;jzpfonfESifh yk vdyf XmemodkU wkdifwef; MuaMumif;? xkd t cg Xmemtkyf armifb&S ifES if h
yk vd yf om;ES pfa ,muf wkd Uonf t&yf vl BuD;rsm;ES if h tqkd ygtdrfBuD ; twGif; od kU 0if a&muf&SmazG &m yxrü
tdrf &S if OD ;ausmfOD;ud k rawG UbJ &S dMuaMumif ;? ¤if;aemuf tdrf\txuf a tmuf rS pí rD; zk da csmif rusef
vSef avS m&S mazGMuonfh tcg wpfcka omtcef;twG if;&S d AD½kd BuD;wpfvH k;teD; ü ,if rrnf;½k dif ;rsm;
ajrmufjrm;pGm pk ½Hk ;vsuf &S donfudk awGU &S d&aMumif;? xkdt cg yk vdyft &m&SdwkdUvnf; aomhcwfvsuf&Sdaom
¤if;AD½kdBuD;udk oHwl&G if ;rsm;ESifh uefUvefUízGifh Muav&m OD;ausmf OD ;\ tavmif ;ud k AD ½dk twG if; ü
awG U&Sd &aMumif ;? tavmif;rS m &if bwfü aoewf 'Pf&mwpf ck awGUjrif Mu&m yk wfod k;zl;a,mifvsuf&Sd onfh
t&mudk axmuf½Iaomf tenf;qHk; ig;&uf cefUrQ Mum&SdNyD[lí awG;xif&ef &S daMumif;/
xkd we*F aEGa eUü td rf eD; csif; OD;wkw fa ygESifh ¤if;\tdrfol tdrfom;wkdUonf OD ;ausmfOD;tdrfrS aoewfoHvkdvkd
Mum;&NyD ;aemuf aAsmuf tk d;rsm;ayguf uGJ vsuf &S do nfu dk awG UjrifMu&ojzif h aAsmuftkd;azmufonf[lí
xif rSwf MuaMumif ;? ¤if ;tjyif xkd nü OD ;ausmf OD ;\ um;udkv nf; armif; ES if oGm;onfudk OD ;wkwfaygwkdU
awG Ujrif Mu&onf jzpf&m OD ;ausmf OD ;onf um;ESifh tvnft ywf xGufoGm;onf xifrSwfojzihf ta&;w,l
r&SdcJhMuaMumif ;? ¤if;um;rSm ,ck aysmufqHk;aeonfjzpf&m yk vdyft&m&SdwkdU\ xifjrifcsufrS m OD ;ausmfOD;udk
owfaomolonf um;ukd ck d;,laomolESifh wpfOD;wnf;yifjzpfrnf[k awG;xifvsuf&SdMuaMumif ;/
uRefawmfonf owif;pmudk zwfíjyNyD;aemuf

&S m;/ /]we*FaEGaeUuwJh [kwfvm;? onfaeUu usKyfwkdU qkd;aw tcsKyfaxmifu xGufajy;wJhaeU r[kwfvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]cifAsm;uvJAsm? &efukefNrdKUESifh teD;tem;w0kdufrSm jzpforQtrIawG[m qkd;aw vufcsufcsnf;
jzpf&awmhrSmvm;As}
&S m;/ /]onfvkdvJ rqdkvkdygbl; udkodef;armif? okdUaomf aeUcsif;uyfaewJhtaMumif; usKyfpdwfrSm ay:vmvkdU
ajymrdwmyg? a[m ajym&if;qkd&if; avSum;ay:u wufvmwJh ajcoH[m udktkef;az ajcoHrsm;vm;Asm}
xkdcPü uRefawmfonf wHcg;udk acgufonfESifhxí zGifhay;&m tifpydwfawmf armiftkef;azonf
vufqGJom;a&tdwfwpfvHk;udk ukdifvsuf tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifvmav\/
&S m;/ /]b,fhES,fvJ udktkef;az&JU? orkdif;udk roGm;bJESifh b,fudkoGm;tkef;rvkdUvJ]
az/ /]orkdif;u trIudk udkbwif vkdufygvdrfhr,f q&m? uRefawmfu pufykdifolaX; rif;wkdifyiftrwf OD;pHrif;&JU
pdefxnfa&TxnfawG aysmufoGm;wJh trIudk aMu;eef;½kdufac:vkdU vkdufrvkdUyg q&m}
&S m;/ /]aMomf OD;pHrif;vm;? awGUzl;yg&JUAsm? b,favmufzkd; ygoGm;owJhvJ}
a&TOa'gif;
az/ /]renf;bl;q&m? oHk;aomif;zkd;avmuf ygoGm;w,f? wwfEkdif&if vdkufcJhygOD;vm; q&m}

&S m;/ /]cifAsm; pdefaysmufrIuav;ESifh usKyf rvkdufEkdifygbl;? tvkyfwpfydkif; wpfpawG &Sdygao;w,f}
az/ /]aysmufyHku awmfawmfxl;qef;w,f q&m&JU? tdrfwHcg;vnf; ryGifhbl;? rD;cHaowåmudkvnf; rzsufqD;bl;?
aomhvJ raysmufbl;}
&S m;/ /]rvkdufEkdifao;ygbl; udktkef;az? &SdygapOD;awmh}
[k jiif;y,fonfESifh armiftkef;azonf om;a&aowåmudk vufqGJvsuf wkdufay:rS qif;oGm;av\/
aemufwpfaeUü uRefawmfonf tvkyfwkdufodkU oGm;rnftjyKwGif armifpH&Sm;\trnfESifh aMu;eef;wpfapmifudk
aMu;eef;ukvm; vma&mufydkUay;onfESifh uRefawmfonf vufrSwfxkd;í ,lNyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm; r&Sdckdufjzpfojzifh
ta&;BuD;aom aMu;eef;jzpfrnfavm[k azmufízwf&m ¤if;aMu;eef;rSm atmufyg t"dyÜm,ftwkdif; yg&Sdav\/
tifpyd wfawmf armiftkef;az xl;xl;qef;qef;aysmufí oGm;ygonf/ csufcsif ;vkd ufcJh yg/ uk ef usorQp&dw f
uRefawmf\ wm0efjzpf ygonf/
pH rif;
uRefawmfonf ¤if;aMu;eef;udk zwf&í tHhMovsuf&SdpOf uHtm;avsmfpGm armifpH&Sm;onf wkdufay: odkU

wufvmonfESifh aMu;eef;udk jyonfwGif
&S m;/ /]pdefaysmufwmawmh ta&;rBuD;bl;AsdKU? vlwpfa,mufvHk; aysmufw,fqkdawmh odyfta&;BuD;vmNyD? vkdufOD;rS
awmfr,fxifw,f? b,fhES,fvJ udkodef;armif? vkdufEkdifyghrvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]oGm;ygOD;awmhAsm? ckwavm uRefawmf tvkyfawG rsm;aeao;w,f? wu,fxl;qef;vdkY &SdvQifvJ
jyefawmhrS ajymygawmh? uRefawmf 0w¬Ka&;prf;yg&apAsm}
xkdaeUnae uRefawmfonf tvkyfrS jyefvmaomtcg armifpH&Sm;rSm armfawmfum;ESifh rif;wkdkifyiftrwf OD;pHrif;\xH
oGm;a&mufESifhNyD; jzpfaMumif; od&Sd&av\/
aemufwpfaeU eHeufü uRefawmfonf tdyf&mrS xí vufzuf&nfaomufrnf[k pm;yGJrSm xkdifvsuf&SdpOf
pHkaxmuftifpydwfawmf armifbwifonf ysm,D;ysm,m wkdufay: odkU wufvmNyD;vQif aMu;eef;wpfapmifudk
ta&;wBuD; uRefawmftm; jyojzifh uRefawmfonf aMu;eef;udk zwfMunfh&m atmufygtwkdif; awGU&Sd&av\/
udkpH&Sm; aysmufoGm;jyefygNyD/ tjrefvmí axmufvSrf; ygOD ;/

pH rif;
aMu;eef;udk zwfNyD;aemuf uRefawmfESihf armifbwifonf armifpH&Sm;wkdUrSm rnfonfht"dyÜm,fESihf

wpfa,mufNyD;wpfa,muf aysmufqHk;oGm;&avonfudk pOf;pm;pdwful;vsuf &SdpOf
wif/ /]b,hfES,fvJ udkodef;armif? uRefawmfjzifh olwkdU ESpfa,muf aysmufyHkudk enf;enf;rS rouFmbl;?
uRefawmfoGm;&OD;r,f cifAsm; vkdufOD;rvm;}
[k ajymojzifh uRefawmfrSm oGufvufpGmyif armifbwifESihf twl vkdufygoGm;cJhav\/
OD;pHrif;\aetdrfodkUa&mufvQif OD;pHrif;vnf; uRefawmfwkdUtm; aumif;rGefpGm c&D;OD;BudKjyKav&m

rif;/ /]om;r,m;uvJ r&Sdckduf jzpfavawmh {nfh0wfawmh aumif;aumif; rausyGefvSbl;Asm? EkdUayrJh
pdwfapwemudkom y"mexm;NyD; txkduftvkduf aeMuxkdifMuayawmh}
wif/ /]'gxuf aeygOD;Asm? aysmufyHk ajymjyprf;ygOD;}
rif;/ /]aysmufyHkuawmh tifrwef xl;qef;vSygw,fAsm? MunfhygOD;awmh ? wpfa,mufvmvJ tdyf&m0ifNyD;
reufvif;awmh ay:rvmbl;? aemufwpfa,mufvJ tdyf&m0ifNyD; reufvif;awmh &SmrawGUbl;? ESpfa,mufpvHk;[m
zdeyfvJ rpGyfoGm;bl;As? t0wftpm;qkdvJ bmrS 0wfroGm;Mubl;? &SyftusÐawmifrS ygroGm;Mubl;? pGyfus,f
tusÐuav;awGESifhcsnf; aysmufoGm;Muw,f? vmMunfhMuprf;ygOD;As? olwkdU tdyfoGm;wJhtcef; uRefawmfjyygOD;r,f}
[k ajymí OD;pHrif;onf wpfckaom tdyfcef;odkU uRefawmfwkdUtm; ac: oGm; av\/
tcef;wGif;odkUa&mufMuvQif uRefawmfESifh armifbwifwkdUonf tcef;wGif;&Sd ypönf;rsm;udk aocsmpGm Munfh½Ivsuf
&SdMu&m tcef;\wpfckaom axmifhü uRef;om;ukwifBuD; wpfck&Sdvsuf ckwif\ ajc&if;ü armifpH&Sm;\ ½SL;zdeyf
tndKa&mifESifh armiftkef;az\ zdeyfteufwkdUudk vnf;aumif;? ukvm;xkdifwpfckü armiftkef;az\ tay:0wf
tusÐESihf &SyftusÐwkdUudk vnf;aumif;? wpfckaomcsdwfü armifpH&Sm;\ ouúvyftusÐESifh &SyftuÐswkdUudkvnf;aumif;?
jcifaxmifwkdifü armifpH&Sm;\ acgif;aygif;udk jcif;ESifh tacGvkduf csdwfvsufvnf;aumif;? pm;yGJ0kdif;i,f wpfckay:ü
armiftkef;az\ acgif;aygif;udkvnf;aumif;? ckwifatmufü armiftkef;az\ om;a&owåmudk vnf;aumif;?
toD;oD; awGUjrifMu&av\/ ,if;uJhodkU Munfh½Ivsuf &SdMupOf
rif;/ /]wu,fqkdawmh udpöESifh ½kwfw&uf xGufoGm;cJhvkdY&Sd&if uRefawmfhudk ajymzkdYaumif;yg&JU Asm? tckawmh}
uRefawmf/ /]b,fvkd udpöBuD;OD;awmh? pGyfus,f tuÐsuav;awGESifh zdeyfudkawmif rpGyfEkdifbJ oGm;r,fhvlawG
r[kwfygbl; cifAsm}
wif/ /]wpfckck jrifvkdU jAKef;ceJ qif;vkdufoGm;&ovm; ? odkUr[kwf}
rif;/ /]'gESifhyJ wlw,fAsdKU? uRefawmhfudk ajymzkdUtcsdef&Sd&if ajymoGm;rSmyJ xifyg&JUAsm}
wif/ /]aeygOD;cifAs? aysmufwmu b,ftcsdefvJ cifAsm}
rif;/ /]b,ftcsdef&,fvdkU b,frSmajymwwfrvJ cifAsm? n 10 em&Davmufwkdifatmif uRefawmfESifh pum;ajym
aeMuNyD; tdyf&m0ifoGm;MuwmyJ? reufvif;vkdU uRefawmf vufzuf&nfaomuf&atmif apmihfNyD; aevkdufwm
rvmEkdifwmESifh tcef;xJ 0ifMunfhawmh r&Sdawmhygbl; cifAsm? 'gESifh udktkef;az aysmufoGm;vkdU udkpH&Sm; rSmvkdufyg?
udkpH&Sm;uvJ onfenf;twkdif; aysmufoGm;jyefyga&m cifAsm}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUonf tdrfcef;rS xGufvmMuNyD;vQif {nfhcef;odkU 0ifí trIESifh pyfvsOf;onfh pum;rsm;udk
ajymqkdvsuf&SdMu&m uRefawmf\ pdwfü OD;pHrif;onf jzpforQtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk ukefpifatmif jyefírajymbJ
odk0Suf csefvSyfí xm;onf[k awG;xifrdav\/
xkdaeUwpfaeUvHk; tifpydwfawmf armifbwifonf NrdKUwGif;odkU oGm;csnfjyefcsnfESifh pHkprf;ar;jref;vsuf&Sd&m
uRefawmfrSmvJ armifpH&Sm;\ enf;pepfrsm;udk toHk;jyKNyD;vQif wwfoa&GU rSwfoa&GU pHkprf;axmufvSrf;ygaomfvnf;
rnfodkUrQ rxl;jcm;bJ &SdaecJhav\/ olwpfyg;wkdU aysmufqHk;onfh trIrsm;üum; armifpH&Sm;onf ray:vQif
ay:atmif pHkaxmufwwfonf jzpf&m ,ck armifpH&Sm;udk,fwkdif aysmufqHk;onfh trIum; rnfolonf
vma&mufpHkaxmuf ayawmhtHhenf;[k atmufarhvsuf armifpH&Sm;onf &efol\ vufwGif;odkU usa&mufqHk;½IH;jcif;
rjzpfygapESifh [líomvQif qkawmif;rdcJhav\/
a&TOa'gif;
xkdnü uRefawmfwkdUonf tdrf&Sif OD;pHrif;tm; EIwfqufNyD;aemuf tdyf&modkU toD;oD; 0ifa&mufMuav&m

tifpydwfawmf armifbwifrSm armifpH&Sm;wkdU tdyfoGm;aom tcef;ütdyf&efae&may;í uRefawmfrSm ¤if;tcef;ESifh
,SOfvsuf &Sdaom tcef;wpfckü tdyf&efae&may;av\/ armifbwifonf ¤if;\tcef;odkU 0ifcgeD;wGif uRefawmfu ]
AsdKU udkbwif? cifAsm; wpfa,mufvnf; aysmufroGm;ygESifhOD;Asm? Mumawmh vlukef&acs&JU} [k avSmifajymifum
ajymrdonfwGif armifbwifonf rsufESmrsm; ysufí oGm;NyD;aemuf [efaqmifum &,farmvsuf tdyfcef;odkU
0ifoGm;av\/
uRefawmfonf aumif;rGefpGm cif;usif;jyifqifíxm;aom tdyf&may:ü tdyf&if; armifpH&Sm;\ taMumif;rsm;udk
awG;awm pdwful;vsuf&SdpOf txl;aumif;rGef qdrfhtDaom npmxrif;udk pm;aomuf&onfjzpfí rMumrDtwGif;yif
tdyfaysmfí oGm;cJhav\/ ESpfem&DMumonfrod? oHk;em&DMumonfrod tdyfaysmfrdaomtcg uRefawmfonf
rnfonfhtaMumif;aMumifh rod tdyf&mrS ½kwfw&uf vefUEkd;í em;pGifhum axmifrdonfwGif tjcm;tcef;rS vlrsm;
ajz;ñSif;pGm ajczsm;axmufí vrf;avQmufonfh ajcoHvkdvkd Mum;&onf[k pdwfü rSwfxifrdav\/ okdU&SdonfESifh
wpfNydKifeuf uRefawmfonf tdyf&may:rS xíxkdifNyD;vQif xkdtjcif;t&mudk vQdKU0SufpGm pHkprf;tHh[k atmufarhí
jywif;ayguf&Sd&modkU ajz;nif;pGm oGm;NyD;aemuf zGifhxm;aom jywif;aygufrS atmufodkU iHkYíMunfhvkdufav\/
xkdnonf arSmifrkdufvsuf &SdonfjzpfaomaMumifh uRefawmfonf yxrü rnfonfht&m0w¬KudkrQ rjrifEkdifbJ
arSmifESifhrnf;rnf; &Sdaeonfudk omvQif awGUjrif&onfjzpf&m twefMumaom tcgrS vlESpfa,mufonf
armifbwif\ tdyfcef;jywif;ayguf\ atmufwnfhwnfhrS &yfvsuf&SdMuonfudk awGUjrif&av\/ xkdtcg
uRefawmfonf jywif;ayguf uefUvefUumudk uG,fvsuf vQdKU0SufpGm Munfhae&m wpfcPrQMumvQif
vlwpfa,mufonf armifbwif\ jywif;aygufrS BudK;ESifhavQmí csrdouJhodkU wjznf;jznf; wa&GUa&GU ajrodkU
a&mufoGm;av\/ aemufwpfcPürlum; tjcm;wpfa,mufonf ¤if;jywif;aygufrS ajrodkU ckefícsvkdufonfh
toHudk Mum;&NyD;aemuf av;a,mufom;wkdUonf 0if;ayguf&Sd&modkU wa&GUa&GU xGufoGm;Muonfudk
jrifvkduf&NyD;aemuf arSmif&dyfwGif aysmufuG,foGm;Muav\/
xkdtcg uRefawmfonf tifpydwfawmf armifbwiftwGuf pkd;&drfruif;jzpfonfESifh ¤if;\tcef;odkU
0ifa&mufMunfh½I&m armifbwifudk tdyf&mwGif rawGU&bJ ¤if;\ zdeyfESifh yk0g? tuÐs ponfwkdUudk omvQif
awGU&Sd&av\/ ,if;uJhodkU awGUjrif&onfhtcg uRefawmfonf rnfodkUjyK&rnfudk wpfcPrQ tBuH,lNyD;aemuf
pdwful;wpfckaygufonfESifh jywif;aygufrS ckefícsNyD;vQif 0if;ayguf&Sd&modkU wdwfwqdwfvkdufoGm;av\/
0if;aygufteD;üum; armfawmfum;wpfpif;onf pufEId;vsuf&Sdonfudk awGUjrif&av&m vloHk;a,mufwkdUonf
vlwpfa,mufudk um;ay: odkU ayGUcsDí wifNyD;onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf um;onfxGufpjyKojzifh uRefawmfonf
um;\aemufü wkdufckdufjcif;udk umuG,f&eff wyfqifíxm;aom 'efudkif;ay: odkU ckefwufNyD;aemuf um;udkuG,fí
vkdufygoGm;av\/ wpfcPrQ armif;ESifrdvQif armfawmfum;onf jynfvrf;BuD;odkU qkdufa&mufav&m
¤if;odkUa&mufonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf um;onf jynfNrdKUbufodkU vSnfhNyD;vQif vsifjrefpGm pufukefzGifhí
armif;ESifoGm;av&um; uRefawmfrSm vufacsmfajcacsmf jzpfu tenf;qHk; rvSry temw& jzpf&rnfudk od&Sdojzifh
owdESifh wG,fí vkdufoGm;cJhav\/
wpfem&DcefUrQ r&yfrem; armif;ESifrdavvQif um;onf tkwfeH&HBuD;jzifh jrifhrm;pGm um&efvsuf&Sdaom ae&modkU
qkdufa&mufonfESifh &yfwefUav&m wpfa,mufaomolonf um;ay:rS qif;oufí oHwHcg;rS
wD;wkd;ac:iifvkdufNyD;aemuf wpfcPrQMumvQif oHwHcg;BuD;onf yGifhoGm;onfESifh um;onf wHcg;aygufrS
twGif;odkU armif;ESifí 0ifoGm;av\/ twGif;odkU a&mufvQif wpfzef&yfwefYNyD;aemuf um;ay:rS
vloHk;a,mufwkdUonf wpfa,mufaomoludk wGJvsuf taqmuftOD;BuD; wpfck twGif;odkU oGif;oGm;Muav&m
uRefawmfonf twefi,fMumatmif um;aemufrSD;rS apmihfqkdif;aeNyD;aemuf vloHrMum;aomtcgrS ajrodkU
qif;oufcJhav\/
xkdtcg uRefawmfrSm wGJíoGif;oGm;jcif;udk cH&aomolonfum; tjcm;r[kwf? tifpydwfawmf armifbwif

jzpfonfudk &dyfrdaomfvnf; rnfolwkdUonf ¤if;tm; rnfonfht&yfodkU ac:aqmifoGm;Muonfudk
rawG;awmwwfojzifh arSmifESifhrnf;rnf; &Sdaom taqmuftOD;BuD;udk Munfh½ItuJcwfvsuf&SdpOf
vlESpfa,mufwkdUonf cyfokwfokwf xGufvmMuí wpfa,mufaomolonf ]udkif; aumfwmyJ udktkef;az?
um;wpfpD;awmhjzifh awGUNyD? "mwfqDukefaevQifawmh usKyfwkdU uHyJ} [k ajymoHudk Mum;&onfwGif ¤if;toHrSm
armifpH&Sm;\ toHjzpfaMumif; od&SdonfESifh uRefawmfu tm;&0rf;om EIwfqufrdav\/ xdktcg armifpH&Sm;onf
uRefawmftm; xkdae&mü awGU&onfudk thHMo[efvu©PmESifh um;ay: odkU wufí pufEId;av\/ uRefawmfvnf;
¤if;wkdUonf &efolwkdU\ vufrS vGwfívmMuonfh taMumif;udk &dyfrdonfESifh oHwHcg;udk zGifhay;NyD;aemuf um;ay:
odkU wufoGm;&m armifpH&Sm;vnf; um;udk vsifjrefpGm armif;ESifcJhav\/
armifpH&Sm;ESifh armiftkef;azwkdUonf tb,fhaMumifh ½kwfw&uf aysmufoGm;Muí rnfonfhenf;ESifh
xkdae&modkUa&mufaeMuonfudk armifpH&Sm;u jyefí ajymjyojzifh od&Sd&onfrSm ...
armifpH&Sm;onf OD;pHrif;\ aetdrfü tdyfcef;okdU 0ifoGm;NyD;aemuf tdyf&mrS Ekd;ojzifh Munfhvkdufaomtcg
aerif;onf yljyif;pGm xGef;awmufvsuf &dSonfudk awGU&onfESifh þrQavmufaejrifhatmif tdyfaysmfaerdonfudk
yxrü tHhMordaMumif;? ¤if;aemuf tcef;wGif;&Sd y&dabm* toHk;taqmifrsm;udk Munfhrdjyefonfhtcg rdrdrSm
oHckwifwpfckay:ü tdyfaysmfvsuf acgif;tHk;? apmif? arGU&m ponfwkdUrSmvnf; nHUzsif;pGm &Sdaeonfudk awGU&Sd
&aMumif;? xkdUjyif tcef;rSmvnf; usOf;ajrmif;vSonfhjyif? Murf;rSm t*Fawjzifh cif;vsuf &Sdonfhjyif rdrd\ zdeyf
tuÐs ponfwkdUrSmvnf; tcef;wGif;ü r&SdawmhbJ rdrd\ udk,füvnf; axmifom;wkdU 0wfqifaom t0wfwkdUjzifh
0wfqifxm;onfudk awGU&Sd&aMumif;? xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;rSm igonf rnfonfht&yfodkU rnfonfhenf;ESifh
a&mufae&onfudk rawG;awmwwfatmif &Sdaeojzifh tjyifodkUxGufí pHkprf;OD;rnf[k wHcg;udk zGifh&m tcef;wHcg;udk
zGifhír& &Sdaeonfudk awGU&Sd&aMumif;? xkdtcgarmifpH&Sm;onf ckwifay: odkU wpfzefjyefí xkdifNyD;vQif ,refnu
tjzpftysufrsm;udk jyefvSefawG;awmvsuf &SdpOf wHcg;udk zGifhoHMum;í ukvm;pE´vDwpfa,mufonf tcef;wGif;odkU
0ifvmonfudk awGU&aMumif;? xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;u ukvm;tm; pdwfqkd;qkd;ESifh aigufief;ar;jref;&m
pE´vDukvm;onf OD;acgif;udkom ,rf;vsuf NyHK;pdpd vkyfNyD;vQif rnfodkUrQ jyefí rajymbJ &SdaeaMumif;/
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;onf a&S;uxuf a'goxGufNyD;vQif þt&yfonf rnfonfht&yfjzpfonf? rnfonfhenf;ESifh
rdrdtm; þt&yfodkU ac:aqmifcJhonfrsm;udk Budrf;armif;Ncdrf;ajcmufí ar;jref;jyefav&m ukvm;BuD;onf
ar;onfhpum;udk rajzMum;bJ armifpH&Sm;\ausmudk owfNyD;vQif pdwfqkd;jcif;onf raumif;onfh taMumif;rsm;udk
acsmharmhum w&m;a[mvsuf &Sdav\/ xkdtcgüum; armifpH&Sm;rSm vufatmufajcpm;rQ jzpfaom
ukvm;wpfOD;wpfa,mufu ausmoyf&ifoyfjyKí ta&mw0if jyKvkyfvsuf&Sdonfudk onf;rcHEkdifatmif &SdonfESifh
wGef;xkd;uefaMumufrnf jyKonfwGif rdrdonf rnfonfht&yfüa&mufaeonfudk ½kwfw&uf awG;awm&dyfrdojzifh
tHhtm; oifhvS ru oifhvsuf pum;xyfí rajymEkdifbJ ai;vsufomvQif &Sdaeav\/ taMumif;rlum;
armifpH&Sm;onf rdrdrSm t&l;axmifwpfck\twGif;odkU usa&mufaeaMumif;udk od&Sd&aomaMumifh jzpfavonf/
xkdtcgrS ukvm;BuD;u ]aumif;aumif; vluav; &Sdw,f? rkefUrsm;rsm;ay;r,f? ocifu awGUcsifw,f ? vkdufcJhyg} [k
acsmharmh ac:iifonfwGif armifpH&Sm;onf wpfoufwGif rtHhMozl;avmufatmif tHhMovsuf pum;wpfcGef;rQ
rajymbJ ukvm;BuD;\ aemufodkU vkdufygoGm;cJhav\/ wpfckaom tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifrdMuvQif pm;yGJwpfckü
t*Fvdyft&m&Sd wpfa,mufonf pma&;vsuf&Sd&m ¤if;\ teD;üum; acgif;aygif;tkyfaygif;ESifh oyf&yfpGm
0wfqifvsuf&Sdaom jrefrmwpfa,mufonf &yfvsuf&Sdav\/ armifpH&Sm;ESifh ukvm;BuD;wkdU 0ifvmonfudk
jrifaomtcg jrefrmonf armifpH&Sm;\ bufodkU vSnfhNyD;vQif ]olygyJ q&mBuD;} [k t*Fvdyfvkd ajymvkdufojzifh
armifpH&Sm;onf ¤if;\ rsufESmudk MunfhrdonfwGif 0g;&rf;ajy;vlqkd; iqkd;aw jzpfaMumif; od&Sdkjyefav&mum;
jypfcsufrsm;pGmESifh zrf;qD;jcif;cH&NyD;aemuf ykvdyfwkdU\ vufrS rMumrDuxGufajy;oGm;aom qdk;awonf þaxmifü
a&TOa'gif;
t&m&SdwpfOD;ozG,f tcefUpm;jzpfí aeonfudk awGUjrif&onfrSm igonf wu,fyif ½l;oGyfí xifrdxif&m

jrifrdjrif&m xifjrif&avoavm[k rdrdudk,fudkyif rdrd oHo, ruif;atmif &SdaecJhav\/
¤if;aemuf tHhMojcif;? pdwf'Gd[ jzpfjcif; ponfwkdU ajyaysmufonfhtcgrS armifpH&Sm;onf q&m0efBuD;tm; þtrIü
vlrSm;í ac:cJh[ef vu©Pm&SdaMumif;? rdrdrSm tjcm;r[kwf pHkaxmufarmifpH&Sm;yif jzpfaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdaomtcg
q&m0efBuD;onf qkd;awESifh wpfa,mufudk wpfa,mufMunfhí NyHK;&,fMuav\/ xkdtcg qkd;awu
]uRefawmfajymwJh twkdif;ygyJ q&m0efBuD; ? onfvlu pHkaxmuf½l;½l;NyD; olUudk,fol pHkaxmufBuD; OD;pH&Sm;qkdNyD;
[kdvlzrf; onfvlzrf;ESifh tifrwef &rf;um;aevkdUrkdU NrdKU0efrif; OD;pHrif;u ydkUvkdufjcif; jzpfygw,f} [k ajymavvQif
armifpH&Sm;onf pdwfudk rcsKyfwD;Ekdifatmif &Sdonfjzpfí qdk;aw\ vnfukyfudk udkifñSpfrnfjyKonfwGif
pE´vDukvm;BuD;onf armifpH&Sm;\ vufudk csKyfwD;av\/ ¤if;aemuf q&m0efBuD;vnf; armifpH&Sm;\ vufudk
aoG;prf;rnf[k udkifwG,fav&m armifpH&Sm;rSm rcHr&yfEkdifatmif pdwfqkd;vSonfjzpfaomaMumifh aoG;prf;rcHbJ
&SdaeonfwGif q&m0efBuD;vnf; OD;acgif;udk ,rf;vsuf pE´vDukvm;tm; vufjyvkdufonfESifh pE´vDukvm;vnf;
armifpH&Sm;udk ac: oGm;í rlvu tcef;wGif;odkU ydkUNyD;aemuf tcef;udk aomhcwfí oGm;av\/
tcef;wGif;odkUa&mufvQif armifpH&Sm;onf ckwifay:wGif yufvufvSefNyD;aemuf pOf;pm;pdwful;vsuf&Sd&m ig;rdepfcefU
Mumaomtcg ]]idktm;xuf &,ftm;oef}} [laom pum;yHkuJhodkU wpfoufwGif þrQavmuf vdIufvdIufvSJvSJ
&,farmzl;onf r&SdbJ rsuf&nfrsm; awGawGusatmif [uf[ufyufyuf &,farmvsuf &Sdav\/ xkdUaemufrS
]awmfygay qkd;aw&,f? vlUjynfrSm rif;wpfa,muf &Sdwm ig tysif;ajyvGef;vkdU? rif; aooGm;rSmawmif ig
pkd;vkdufygao;&JU} [k a&&Gwf&if; vGwfajrmufa&;udk omvQif tBuHxkwfvsuf &Sdav\/
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf xGufvrf;udk qifjcif&m jywif;aygufrSaomfvnf;aumif;? tcef;aygufrSaomf
vnf;aumif; omvQif xGuf&ef&Sdonfudk awGU&Sd&av\/ jywif;aygufrSm wpfaycefU jrifhonfhtjyif wpfvufr
vHk;ywf&Sdaom oHwkdifrsm;ESifh pkdufxlvsuf&Sdonfudk awGU&ojzifh rwwfEkdifaMumif; od&Sd&av\/ xkdaemuf
tcef;aygufudk Munfh½I&m wHcg;rSm oabFmu,fAif tcef;rSmuJhodkU tjyifrSvnf;aumif;? twGif;rS vnf;aumif;
aomhcwf&aom wHcg;rsdK;jzpfaMumif; awGU&Sd&av\/ xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;onf aomhrS cvkwf\ tajctaeudk
aocsmpGmMunfh½IpHkprf;onfwGif tBuHwpfck &onfESifh jidrf0yfpGm aeav\/
aeUvnftcsdefü pE´vDukvm;onf vufzuf&nfESifh aygifrkefUESpfcsyfudk bGdKifukvm;ESifhtwl armifpH&Sm;\ tcef;odkU
vmíykdUNyD;aemuf xGufoGm;&m armifpH&Sm;onf aygifrkefUESpfcsyfudk vufwGif;ü nufatmif e,facsNyD;aemuf
tdwfwGif;ü 0Sufxm;í vufzuf&nfudkvnf; raomufvkdbJvsuf ,kwdå&Sdatmif usdKufícsav\/
xkdaeUnaeü pE´vDukvm;onf armifpH&Sm;\ tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifvmNyD;vQif vufjyac:iifoGm;ojzifh armifpH&Sm;
vnf; vkdufygoGm;&m axmif0if;BuD;twGif; wpfckaom ae&mvyfü t½l;ESpfq,fcefUwkdUonf tanmif;ajy
vrf;avQmufvsuf&Sd&m teD;üum; pE´vDwkdUonf wkwfrsm;ESifh apmifhaeMuav\/ armifpH&Sm;udk ac:cJhaom
pE´vDukvm;vnf; armifpH&Sm;udk vrf;avQmufaponfjzpf&m armifpH&Sm;onf t½l;rsm;ESifh tazmfvkyf&rnfudk
pufqkyfpGmESifh ckdif;aponfhtwkdif; jyKrnftvkyfwGif t½l;wpfa,mufESifh rsufESmcsif; qkdifrdí xkdt½l;u ]tvkd
q&mvJ a&mufaeNyDudk;} [k ajymí tHhtm;oifhvsuf &Sdav\/ xkdolrSm armiftkef;azyif jzpfavonf/
xkdolESpfa,mufwkdUonf rdrdwkdU\ tjzpftysufrsm;udk wkdifyifajymqkdMurnf jyKqJwGif qkd;awonf ay:vmí
pE´vDrsm;tm; t½l;rsm;udk tcsif;csif; pum;rajymap&ef trdefUay;av&m pE´vDwkdUvnf; ]]cRwfwm;qyf}} \
trdefUtwkdif; wm;jrpfonfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdUrSm &,farmum vkdufemMuav\/ em&D0ufcefUrQ vrf;avQmuf
apNyD;aemuf pE´vDukvm;wkdUonf t½l;rsm;udk rdrdwkdU\ tcef;odkU toD;oD; oGwfoGif;NyD;aemuf aomhcwfí
ydwfxm;vkdufav\/ armifpH&Sm;rSm þae&mü MumMumae&onfjzpfu tu,fyif ½l;íoGmacsawmhrnf[k
NyHK;&,fum awG;awmNyD;aemuf vGwfajrmufa&;udk omvQif tBuHjyKvsuf &Sdav\/
npmxrif;yGJudk bGdKifukvm;u odrf;NyD;aemuf pE´vDukvm;onf tcef;tjyifodkU xGufoGm;í tcef;wHcg;udk

aomhcwfrnfjyKqJwGif armifpH&Sm;onf tcef;wHcg;&Sd&modkU vsifjrefpGm ajy;oGm;í ,cifu e,facsxm;aom
*sHKvHk;udk aomhaygufwGif;odkU xkd;oGif;vkdufav\/ pE´vDukvm;onf aomhukd ydwfaomtcg aomhonfvSnfhí
vnfaomfvnf; cvkyfonf uGif;odkUra&mufbJ ab;odkU acsmfvsuf&Sdav\/ okdU&mwGif pE´vDukvm;onf
xkdtjcif;t&mudk rod&SdbJ aomhudk tdwfüxnfhNyD;vQif xGufoGm;av\/ ukvm;xGufoGm;NyD;aemuf 8 rdepf
cefUMumaomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf wHcg;vufudkifudk vSnfhíprf;&m tvG,fwulESifh yGifhoGm;onfudk awGUojzifh
0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om jzpfav\/ okdU&mwGif tcsdefrwefao;onfjzpfí wpfzefjyefí ydwfxm;NyD;vQif armifpH&Sm;onf
jidrf0yfpGm apmifhqkdif;vsuf&Sdav\/
xkdn 10 em&D tcsdefcefYwGif pE´vDukvm;onf t½l;rsm; jidrf0yfydjym;pGm &Sdonfr&Sdonfudk wHcg;ü tqifoifh
jyKvkyfxm;aom taygufi,frsm;rS tcef;aphatmif vkdufvHacsmif;ajrmif; Munfh½Iav&m armifpH&Sm;rSm apmifudk
NcHKvsuf jidrfoufpGm tdyfaeonfudkomvQif awGUjrifí oGm;av\/
oef;acgifwkdifonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf armifpH&Sm;onf tdyf&mrS xNyD;vQif cHkrS ajcaxmufwpfacsmif;udk vdkvkdr,fr,f
jzKwfí,lcJhNyD;aemuf wHcg;udk ajz;ñSif;pGm zGifhí tcef;jyifodkU xGufvmcJhav\/ axmifBuD;twGif;üum;
rnfonfhtoHudkrQ rMum;&bJ qdwfjidrfpGm &Sdaeonfjzpf&m armifpH&Sm;onf arS;rSdefpGm xGef;xm;aom rD;tdrfrsm;\
ta&mifwGif xGufvrf;udk rSef;qvsuf wajz;ajz; avQmufvmcJhav\/ wpfckaom axmifhauGUodkUa&mufvQif
cHk&Snfwpfckay:ü tdyfidkufvsuf&Sdaom pE´vDwpfa,mufonf ½kwfw&ufvefUEkd;í armifpH&Sm;ukd ayGUzufrnfjyKav&m
armifpH&Sm;onf ñSmwm&rnfhae&m r[kwfojzifh arhavmufaomae&mwGif OD;acgif;ü ½kdufvkduf&m pE´vDukvm;onf
pkdufívJoGm;av\/ xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;onf pE´vDukvm;\ tdwfudk prf;oyf&SmazGí aomhwGJudk EIwf,lNyD;aemuf
armifpH&Sm;onf cGeftm;ESifh jynfhpHkol wpfa,muf jzpfonfhtwdkif; pE´vDukvm;udk ausmydk;NyD;vQif armiftkef;az\
tcef;eHygwfudk rSwfrdonfESifh oGm;a&muf&SmazG&m tvG,fwulyif awGU&Sdav\/ ukvm;udk Murf;ay: odkU
csNyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf wHcg;udk aomhESifh zGifhí tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifoGm;&m armiftkef;azrSm tdyfraysmfao;onf
jzpfí tHhtm;oifhvsuf&Sdav\/ ¤if;aemuf ESpfa,mufom;wdkUonf ukvm;BuD;udk tcef;wGif;okdU oGif;NyD;vQif
apmifrsm;udk qkwfí wkwfaESmifNyD;aemuf yg;pyfüvnf; t0wfqkdUxm;cJhí tcef;jyifodkU xGufMuav\/
tcef;jyifodkUa&mufonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf vlwpfpkwkdUonf armifpH&Sm;wdkU &Sd&modkU avQmufvmonfudk
awGUjrif&onfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdUonf wpfzefjyefí tcef;wGif;okdU 0ifMuNyD;vQif ajcoHrsm; aysmufoGm;onfhtcgrS
xGufvmMujyefav\/ 0if;wHcg;odkUa&mufonfhtcg armfawmfum; wpfpD;udk awGUí xGufajy;&yHkrsm;udkrl azmfjycJhNyD;
jzpfavonf/
t½l;axmifrS xGufvmMuNyD;aemuf uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;? armiftkef;az wkdUonf teD;qHk;XmemodkU oGm;a&mufí
Xmemtkyfudk EId;av&m Xmemtkyfonf t½l;axmifrS t0wftpm;rsm;ESifh &Sdaeao;aom armifpH&Sm;ESifh
armiftkef;azwkdUudk awGUjrifonfESifh tHhtm;oifhum &SdaeNyD;rS armifpH&Sm;ESifh armiftkef;azwkdUu tusdK;taMumif;udk
ajymíjyonfwGif tm;vHk; 0kdif;0ef;&,farm Mu&jyefav\/ xkdnü uRefawmfwkdUrSm tdyfpufjcif; r&SdbJ qkd;awudk
vuf&zrf;qD;&ef pDrHvsuf&SdMu&m eHeufvif;onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf t½l;axmifodkU ykvdyft&m&Sd
tjynfhwifaqmifvsuf um;ESpfpD;ESifh oGm;a&mufMuav\/ okdU&mwGif qkd;awonf yg;eyfolwpfa,muf jzpfojzifh
<uufonf aMumifeHY&bdouJhodkU armifpH&Sm;vGwfoGm;aMumif;udk odESifh onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf wdrf;a&SmifxGufajy;
av&m vufrwifuav;rQ vGJíoGm;av\/
uRefawmfwdkUonf t½l;axmifrS wpfzef XmemodkU jyefa&mufMuaomtcg OD;pHrif;onf ,aeYeHeuf apmapmuyif
rdrd\ udk,fudk rdrd aoewfESifh ypfowfí aoaMumif; owif; &&SdjyefonfESifh OD;pHrif;\ tdrfodkY wpfzef
oGm;a&mufMujyefav\/
a&TOa'gif;
OD;pHrif;\tavmif;rSm OD;acgif;uGJaMuvsuf OD;aESmufrsm; xGufaeonfudk awGU&Sd&av&m teD;üum;

ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewf wpfvufESifh pmwpfapmifudk awGU&Sd&av\/ ¤if;pmrSm
pma&;cJ hygonf rdw fa qGud kpH&S m;/ uRefa wmfo nf t&Sufudk iJhrdonfht wGuf ,cktoufodkU
wkdif&jcif;jzpfygonf/ iqkd;awonf uRef awmf\ t&Suf udk cGJEkdifaomol wpfa,mufjzpf onfESifh
¤if ;apckd if ;&mud k uRef awmfjyK&jcif; jzpf ygonf / t½l;axmifü vpfvyfaom axmifrSL;\ ae&mudk ¤if;tm;
uRefawmfu BuHpnfoGwfoGif ;NyD; ay;&NyD;aemuf udkpH&Sm;ESifh udktkef;az udkvnf; uRef awmf\ vufrSwfESifh
axmifo dk U ydkU &jcif ;jzpf ygonf/ okdU&mwGif rd wfa qG wkdUvnf; ,ckvGwfajrmufNyD jzpfí uRef awmf \ tay:ü
cG if hv Twf Mu&ef awmif; yef ygonf/ t&S uf u dk iJhrdonfhtwGuf vHkvdrfhEdk;Ekd;ESifh vlqkd;wpfa,muf apckd if;&mud k
jyKcJhrd aom uRefawmf irkduftkd;onf vlUjynfü þrQomvQif aexkdufonf jzpfí rk dufpwHk;atmif
udk,fhudk,fudk pD &ifcJh ygawmhonf/
pH rif;
pmudk zwfNyD;aemuf tdrfoltdrfom;wdkYvnf; tavmif;udk aq;½HkodkU ydkY&ef jyifqifvsuf&SdMupOf uRefawmfwkdUonf

tdrfay:rS qif;vmMuí &efukefodkU armfawmfum;ESifh jyefvmMu&m vrf;ü armifpH&Sm;onf ESpfjcdKufonfh trlt&mESifh
pOf;pm;pdwful;&if;
&S m;/ /]wyef;omoGm;ayw,f qkd;aw&,f? aemufudk 0wå&m;t&om rdatmifzrf;&awmhr,f? rif; zrf;&rSm igjzifh
ESajrmajrm ygyJuG,f}
NyD;ygNyD/
______
13/ ,pfrsdK;pHkaxmuf wpfa,muf aoqHk;rI

'kdufOD;NrdKUe,f ½Hk;cef;twGif; trIESifh qkdif&m oufaorsm; a&mufMuNyD;aemuf uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdUonf
w&m;olBuD;ESifhtwl 0ifoGm;MuNyD;vQif w&m;olBuD;onf trItaMumif;ESifh ywfoufí tusOf;csKyf ajymjyonfESifh
wpfNydKifeuf em;axmifol y&dowfwkdUonf oufaorsm; xGufqkdrnfudk arQmfvifhapmifhqkdif;vsuf &SdMuav\/
yxroufaorSm toufav;q,fausmf OD;xGef;ausmf trnf&Sd v,form;BuD; wpfa,mufjzpf&m ¤if;tm;
oufaocef;odkU oGif;NyD;onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf
w&m;ol BuD;/ /]tavmif;udk cifAsm;b,fenf;ESifh awGUovJ? ajymprf;yg}
ausmf / /]vGefcJhwJh Ak'¨[l;aeU nae 4 em&DcGJ tcsdefavmufrSm EGm;awGudk EGm;NcHxJ oGif;r,fvkdU armif;vmcJhawmh
a&uefxJrSm bGwfzdeyfwpfzuf axmifvsufBuD; ay:aewmudk uRefawmfrsdK; jrifygw,f? b,fhES,f[m
bmvdrfhrvJvdkU teD;uyfNyD; Munfhjyefawmh aemufxyfzdeyfwpfzuf ay:vsufaewmudk awGU&jyefygw,f? onfawmh
uRefawmfrsdK;u xl;qef;vSyguvm;vdkU a&ay:u arSmfawGudk z,fNyD; Munfhvkdufawmh vlwpfa,muf a&xJrSm
yufvufvSefvsuf aoaewmudk awGU&ygw,f? onfawmhrS aMumuftm;vefUtm;ESifh b,fhES,fh vkyf&yghrvJvkdU
awmifMunfhajrmufMunfh Munfhawmh cyfvSrf;vSrf;u pm&if;iSm; zkd;MuL a&mufvmwmudk jrifygw,f? 'gESifh olUac:NyD;
tavmif;udk urf;ay: qGJwifNyD; zkd;MuLudk olBuD;tdrf oGm;wkdifzkdU vTwfvkduf&ygw,f}
w&m;ol BuD;/ /]onfhaemufaum}
ausmf / /]awmfawmfMumawmh &GmolBuD;ESifh &Gmom; av;ig;a,muf vkdufvmMuNyD; xrf;pifvkyfNyD; tavmif;udk wifí
'kdufOD;NrdKU aq;½Hkudk ydkUvkduf&ygw,f? 'gygyJ NrdKUtkyfrif;}
¤if;aemuf &GmolBuD;tm; oufaocef;odkU oGif;jyef&m
w&m;ol BuD;/ /]olBuD; odoavmuf ajymprf;}
olBuD;/ /]zkd;MuLu a&uefxJrSm tavmif;wpfckawGUw,fvkdU ac:vmvkdU uRefawmfrsdK; vkdufoGm;NyD; Munfhawmh
tavmif;udk urf;ay:rSm awGU&ygonf? a&uefeHab;ü rnfonfhajc&mudkrQ rawGU&yg? vHk;axG;owfykwfMuonfh
txdrf;trSwf vu©Pm wpfpHkwpf&mudkrQ rawGU&yg? tuÐstdwfwGif;ü pmwpfapmif? aq;wHwpfacsmif;?
aq;tdwfwpfvHk;udk awGU&Sd&ygonf? pmtdwfwpftdwfrSm OD;omatmif[k trnfyg&Sdí twGif;u pmrSm
OD;omarmifxHrS ay;ydkYvkdufaompmjzpfaMumif; awGU&Sdygonf? emrnfcsif; vkdufaomaMumifh nDtpfudk awmfpyfrnf
xifí pma&;puúLwGifyg&Sdonfh vdyfpmtwkdif; OD;omarmifudk aMu;eef;½kdufí taMumif;Mum;vkdufygonf}
w&m;ol BuD;/ /]a&uefu b,favmufeufovJ}
olBuD;/ /]tv,frSm oHk;awmifavmuf eufygonf? tavmif;awGUaom ae&mü ESpfawmifavmufom eufygonf}
w&m;ol BuD;/ /]a&uefxJodkU vlwpfa,muf rawmfwq uscJhvkdU&SdvQif rwufEkdifp&m taMumif; bmrsm;&SdovJ}
olBuD;/ /]t&ufrrl;cJhvQif rwufEkdifp&m taMumif; r&Sdyg? tvG,fwulESifh wufEkdifavmufygonf}
¤if;aemuf q&m0efudk oufaocef;odkU oGif;jyef&m
w&m;ol BuD;/ /]tavmif;udk &ifcGJ½HkokdU wifonfhtcg bmrsm; od&Sd&ygovJ}
0ef/ /]aoolrSm touf 45 ESpfcefU &Sdygonf? uREkfyf ppfaq;Munfh½Ionfh tcg xkdvl aoonfrSm 10 em&DrS 15
em&DcefU Mum&SdNyD[k xifjrifygonf? xkdolrSm a&m*gvnf;r&Sdyg? 'Pf&m'Pfcsufvnf; r&Sdyg}
w&m;ol BuD;/ /]b,ftwGuf touf qHk;½HI;w,fvkdU qkdcsifovJ}
a&TOa'gif;
0ef/ /]a&epfNyD; toufao&rnf[k qkdcsifygonf}

w&m;ol BuD;/ /]aoNyD;onfhaemufrS a&xJodkU ypfcsjcif; rjzpfEkdifbl;vm;}
0ef/ /]rjzpfEkdifyg? aoNyD;rS ypfí cscJhvQif tpmtdrfxJ tqkwfxJodkU a&r0ifEkdif jzpfygonf? a&udk rsdKrdaomaMumifh
tpmtdrfxJokdU a&0ifEkdifygonf? tpmtdrfESifh tqkwfxJü a&wpfykvif;cefU awGU&Sd&onf}
w&m;ol BuD;/ /]t&ufrl;NyD; a&xJuswmrsm; jzpfEkdifovm;}
0ef/ /]rjzpfEkdifyg? tpmtdrfxJü t&uftenf;i,frQ rawGU&Sd&yg? a&omvQif awGU&Sdygonf? a&xJüvnf;
arSmfzwfuav;rsm; yg&Sdygonf? ¤if;tpmtdrfxJESifh tqkwfxJrS a&udk Munfhvkdu MunfhEkdif&ef ykvif;ESifh
oGwfoGif;í ,lvmcJhygonf}
[k ajymNyD;aemuf q&m0efu puúLjzifh &pfywfíxm;aom ykvif;wpfvHk;udk xkwfí jyav&m w&m;olBuD;u rsm;pGm
ta&;r,lbJ &Sdaeojzifh q&m0efonf a&ykvif;udk uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;xkdifae&m pm;yGJay: odkU wifxm;vkduf
av\/
uRefawmfonf a&ykvif;udk Munfhrd&m arSmfzwfuav; wpfzwf ESpfzwf wkdUonf a&xJü ikyfcsnfay:csnf
&Sdaeonfudk awGUjrif&av\/ armifpH&Sm;rSmrl uRefawmfuJhodkU omreftm;jzifh Munfh½IumrQESifh rwif;wdrfbJ
a&ykvif;udk vufay: odkU wifNyD;vQif ¤if;\ xHk;pHtwkdif; aocsmpGm pHkprf;Munfh½Ivsuf &Sdaeav\/
xkdtawmtwGif;
w&m;ol BuD;/ /]aoolOD;omatmifonf a&xJodkU rnfonfhenf;ESifh usonfudk ajymjyEkdifavmufrnfh taMumif;
wpfpHkwpf&m &Sdygovm;}
0ef/ /]r&Sdyg? rnfonfhenf;ESifh usonf[k rajymEkdifyg}
xkdcPü armifpH&Sm;u xkdif&mrS xí
&S m;/ /]tavmif;ü rnfonfh'Pf&mudkrQ rawGUbl;vm;}
0ef/ /]ajymavmufatmif 'Pf&m tBuD;tus,f rawGUyg}
&S m;/ /]tBuD;tus,f rawGUvQif ao;ao;EkyfEkyfaum awGUovm;}
0ef/ /]vufsmbuf vufarmif; wHawmifqpf txufem;rSm ñdkaeaom 'Pf&muav;wpfck awGUygonf}
&S m;/ /]b,fenf;ESifh &wJh 'Pf&m xifovJ}
0ef/ /]wkwfESifh ½kdufaom 'Pf&mvnf; jzpfEkdifygonf? odkU&mwGif wyftyfaocsm rajymEkdifyg}
¤if;aemuf w&m;olBuD;onf aool\ nDjzpfol OD;omarmifudk ppfaq;jyef&m ¤if;OD;omarmifrSm armifpH&Sm;tm;
iSm;&rf;ac:iifcJhjcif; jzpfojzifh uRefawmfwkdU vkdufygcJh&jcif; jzpfavonf/
w&m;ol BuD;/ /]tavmif;udk cifAsm; jrifcJhNyDvm;}
armif / /]jrifcJhygNyD? uRefawmf\ tpfudk OD;omarmif jzpfygonf? tavmif;udk rawGUrD wpf&ufu uRefawmfESifh
awGUygao;onf}
w&m;ol BuD;/ /]t*FgaeUu awGUwmaygh}
armif / /]rSefygonf}
w&m;ol BuD;/ /]b,frSmawGUovJ}
armif / /]&efukefrSm awGU&ygonf}

w&m;ol BuD;/ /]awGUonfhtcgu b,fvkdrsm; xl;jcm;ovJ? pdwfnpfnL;yHk &ovm;}
armif / /( twefi,f pOf;pm;NyD;aemuf ) ]tenf;i,f awGa0xkdif;rdIif;pGm &Sdonfudk awGU&ygonf}
w&m;ol BuD;/ /]olUudk,fol owfw,fvkdU xifp&m taMumif;rsm; &Sdovm;}
armif / /]rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQ udk,hfudk,fudk owfrnfh vlwpfa,muf r[kwfyg}
w&m;ol BuD;/ /]b,hfES,hfaMumifh taotcsm ajymEkdifovJ}
armif / /]uRefawmf\ tpfudkonf bmomw&m;udk tvGefudki;f ½dIif;ol wpfa,mufjzpfí udk,fhtoufudk udk,f
owfcJhvQif tzefig;&mig;urÇmwkdifatmif 0#fvkdufrnfudkaMumufwwfygonf? taMumif;rSmvnf; uRefawmfhxHrS aiG
oHk;axmifacs;iSm;í oHk;xm;ygonf? ¤if;aiGudk ray;tyfEkdifao;aomaMumifh ol\ toufudk aiGoHk;axmifESifh
tmrcHxm;aom vufrSwfudk uRefawmftm; ay;tyfí xm;ygonf? tu,fí olUudk,fol owfcJhvQif ¤if;aiG
oHk;axmifudk touftmrcH ukrÜPDu uRefawmfhtm; ay;rnfr[kwfonfudk ol odaomaMumifh b,fenf;ESifhrQ
olUudk,fol owfrnf r[kwfyg}
w&m;ol BuD;/ /]OD;omatmif[m bmtvkyftudkifrsm; vkyfudkifpm;aomufovJ}
armif / /],pfrsdK;bufrSm txl;pHkaxmuf jzpfonf[k ajymygonf}
w&m;ol BuD;/ /]pdwfnpfnL;onfh taMumif; wpfpHkwpf&mrsm; &Sdovm;}
armif / /]uRefawmfod&oavmufjzifh r&Sdyg}
w&m;ol BuD;/ /]om;r,m; r&Sdbl;vm;}
armif / /]rkqkd;zkd jzpfygonf? om;orD; r&Sdyg? aqGrsdK;Ówd[lí uRefawmf wpfa,mufom &Sdygonf}
w&m;ol BuD;/ /],pfrsdK; t&m&Sd qkdawmh t&ufaomufwwfrSmaygh]
armif / /]0rf;pmtwGuf ¤if;bufü vkyfudkif&aomfvnf; t&ufaopm[lí tvsOf; raomufwwfyg}
w&m;ol BuD;/ /]rl;a0wwfwJh a0'emrsm; pGJuyfzl;ovm;}
armif / /]rpGJuyfzl;yg}
w&m;ol BuD;/ /]vlolreD;wJh ¤if;ae&mudk ntcsdefrSm b,fenf;ESifh oloGm;w,f vkdU cifAsm; xifovJ}
armif / /]uRefawmf rajymEkdifyg}
¤if;aemuf w&m;olBuD;onf oufaorsm; xGufcsufudk csifhcsdefNyD;aemuf ¤if;trIrSm aoolonf olwpfyg;owfí
aoonf? okdUvnf;r[kwf rdrd\ toufudk rdrdowfíaoonfudk rqHk;jzwfEkdifao;onf jzpfaomaMumifh
ykvdyfbufqkdif&m t&m&Sdrsm;tm; wpfenf;enf;jzifh xif&Sm;atmif oufao om"u &SmazGpkaqmif;&rnf[k
rSwfcsufcsvkdufav\/
uRefawmfwkdUonf ½Hk;cef;jyifbufodkU xGufvmcJhMuavvQif uRefawmfu OD;omarmiftm;
uRefawmf/ /]b,fhES,fvJ OD;omarmif? tu,fí touftmrcH ukrÜPDu OD;omatmif[m olUudk,fol
owfNyD;aovkdU aiGoHk;axmif xkwfray;Ekdifbl;vkdU jiif;qefcJhvkdU&Sd&if udk,fhudk,fudk owfaMumif; xif&Sm;atmif
oufaojyzkdY 0wå&m;[m olwkdUrSm &SdwmuyJ cifAs? cktwkdif;qkdvQif olwkdUvJ b,fenf;ESifhrS xif&Sm;avmufatmif
rjyEkdifygbl; cifAs? onfawmh cifAsm; aiGoHk;axmif twGufuawmh at;aeygNyD}
a&TOa'gif;
armif / /]aiGr&wm &wmudk uRefawmfu onfavmuf ta&;rBuD;vSygbl; cifAsm? uRefawmfhtpfudk vlowfvkdU

aocJh½kd;rSefvQif owfwJhvludk ay:apcsifwmavmufom &SdwmygyJ cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]pdwfcsyg OD;omarmif? uRefawmf wwfEkdifoavmuf BudK;pm;yghr,f? 'gxuf q&m0efBuD;? tavmif;udk
uRefawmf Munfhcsifw,fAsm? &ifcGJ½HkrSm &Sdao;w,f r[kwfvm;}
0ef/ /]MunfhEkdifygw,f}
armif / /]'gjzifh MunfhMuayawmhav? uRefawmfu blwm½Hku apmifhaeawmhr,f? tpfudkBuD;tavmif; Munfh&wm
0rf;enf;vGef;vdkU rMunfhEkdifbl; cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]aumif;NyDav ? oGm;ESifhayawmh? uRefawmfwkdU vmcJhr,f? 'gxuf olBuD;awmh vkdufcJhygOD; cifAsm}
olBuD;/ /]vkdufygr,f cifAsm? <uMuyg}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdUonf q&m0efESifh &GmolBuD; wkdUESifh twl 'kdufOD;NrdKU aq;½HkodkU
oGm;a&mufMuav\/ vrf;c&D;wGif
0ef/ /]uRefawmfu tpmtdrfxJu &wJh a&ukd ta&;BuD;rvm;vkdU ,lcJhwm ? w&m;olBuD;u w,fNyD; ta&;BuD;[ef
rwlygbl; cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]ta&;BuD;vSaygh cifAsm? aemifcgawmh toHk;jyKcGifh ay:vmygvdrfhr,f? csdwfwHqdyfcwfNyD; bD½kdxJrSm
aumif;aumif;rGefrGef odrf;xm;vdkufprf;yg cifAsm}
0ef/ /]ppfaq;vkdUyJ NyD;NyD[m ? b,frSm toHk;uszkdU &SdawmhrvJAsm}
&S m;/ /]aemifawmh toHk;ay:vmygvdrfhr,f? uRefawmfajymovkdom odrf;xm;vkdufygq&m0efBuD;}
0ef/ /]trIuawmh awmfawmfxif&Sm;aeNyDaum As}
&S m;/ /]b,fyHkxif&Sm;wmvJ As}
0ef/ /]a&u wdrfw,f? rawmfwq usvkdU&Sd&ifvJ rwufEkdifavmufatmif r&Sd? t&ufvJ rl;wmr[kwf?
'Pf&m'PfcsufvJ ajymavmufatmif r&Sd? axG;vHk;owfykwfMuwJh t&dyfvu©PmvJ rawGU&bl;? raocif
wpf&ufavmuf uvJ awGawGa0a0 xkdif;xkdif;rIdif;rdIif; &Sdw,fvkdU Mum;&w,f? onfawmhum udk,fhudk,fukd
owfaMumif; xif&Sm;w,f r[kwfbl;vm; OD;pH&Sm;}
&S m;/ /][kwfuJh xifp&mygyJ? odkUaomfvnf; tpuae tqHk;MunfhMuzkdU 0wå&m; uRefawmhfrSm &Sdao;wmudk;cifAs?
[kda&SUu[m aq;½HkyJ r[kwfvm;}
uRefawmfwkdUonf &ifcGJ½Hk twGif;odkY 0ifrdMuvQif ausmufpm;yGJay:ü t0wfzHk;vsuf&Sdaom tavmif;wpfckudk
awGUjrifMuav&m q&m0efonf teD;odkY csOf;uyfí t0wfudk ajz;ñSif;pGm vSefvkdufonfwGif tom;jzLjzL
rsufcHk;wkwfwkwf ESmwHay:ay: toufav;q,fausmf t&G,fcefY&Sdaom tavmif;udk awGUjrifMuav\/ tavmif;\
vufsmbuf yg;ay:üum; trm&Gwfwpfck &Sdav&m rsufvHk;wkdUrSm ryGifhwyGifh&Sdvsuf yg;pyfrSmvnf; raphwaph &Sdae
ojzifh txufoGm; oHk;av;acsmif;cefUrQ r&Sdonfh tjzpfudkvnf; awGUjrifMu&av\/ armifpH&Sm;onf tavmif;
teD;ü&yfum aocsmpGm pdkufíMunfhNyD;aemuf rsufESmrSonf wpfudk,fvHk; ajcqHk;acgif;qHk; Munfh½I onfwGif
vufsmbufvufü aA'gyifwpfyifudk Muyfwnf;pGm qkyfudkifxm;onfudkvnf; awGUjrif&av\/ armifpH&Sm;onf
¤if; aA'gyifudk tavmif;\vufrS ajz;ñSif;pGm ajz,lí pm;yGJay:ü csxm;NyD;aemuf vusfmbufvufarmif;
wHawmifqpf wpfzufü Munfh½INyD;vQif
&S m;/ /][kwfw,f q&m0efBuD;? ndKaewJh 'Pf&mawmh &Sdw,f? wkwfESifh ½kdufrdwmvJ jzpfEkdifw,f? 'gxuf
a&SUoGm;av;acsmif; r&Sdyguvm;? pkdufxm;wJh oGm;rkdYvkdY uRwfae&pfNyD xifw,f}
0ef/ /][kwfw,f ? oGm;ydk;pm;vkdY txufoGm;av;acsmif; EIwfypfNyD; oGm;pkdufxnfhxm;&w,fvkdY olYnDu ajymw,f?
a&xJrSm usae&pfw,f xifyg&JUAsm}
&S m;/ /]&SmMunfh ao;ovm;}
0ef/ /]&Smawmh r&SmrdMubl; xifw,f}
&S m;/ /]olYtdwfxJuawGUwJh ypönf;qkdwm b,frSmvJAsm}
0ef/ /]pmwpfapmifESifh aq;wHwpfacsmif;? Muufaygifaq;tdwf wpfvHk;ygyJ cifAsm}
armifpH&Sm;onf ¤if;ypönf;rsm;udk awmif;,lMunfh½IonfwGif Muufaygifaq;tdwftwGif;rS pm&Gufi,fwpfck ay:
xGufvsuf&Sdonfudk jrifonfESifh EIwf,lMunfh½I&m rD;&xm;vufrSwfrygbJ pD;ojzifh 'Pf½kdufNyD;vQif ajypm
ay;vkdufaom jzwfydkif;puúLuav; wpfckjzpfaMumif;udk awGU&Sd&av\/
&S m;/ /]vufrSwfcdk;pD;r,fhvlawmh r[kwfbl;? vufrSwfaysmufoGm;vkdY 'Pf½kdufcH&w,f rSwfw,f? aeOD;AsdKU? aeYpGJu
arv 18 aeYqkdawmh t*FgaeY? 'gjzifh tavmif;rawGUcif wpf&ufuygvm;}
uRefawmf/ /][kwf[efwlw,f? jyprf;Asm? b,fu b,fudk pD;wmvJ Munfhprf;&atmif}
uRefawmfonf jzwfydkif;puúLudk ,liifMunfh½I&m (RGNW STGNHEK) [k a&;om;yg&Sdonfudk awGU&Sd&ojzifh
pD;vmcJhaom t&yfrSm &efukefNrdKU jzpfaomfvnf; rnfonfhae&yfudk pD;eif;cJhonfudk rawG;awm Ekdifatmif &Sdav\/
¤if;jyif 'Pf½kdufvkdufaom aiGrSmvnf; ( ) jzpfaMumif;awGU&Sd&av\/ ¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf ¤if;jzwfydkif;udk
q&m0efxHrS awmif;cHí tdwfxJodkU xnfhvkdufNyD;aemuf
&S m;/ /]OD;omarmifu ajymawmh rkqkd;zkdBuD;? olwpfa,mufxJvJ aew,fqkdawmh olUtdrfu aowåmwkdU bmwkdU
cwfwJh aomhrsm; wpfacsmif;wpfav ygzkdYaumif;w,f? b,fhES,fvJ olBuD; ? tdwfxJu aomhrsm; rawGUbl;vm;}
olBuD;/ /]rawGU&yguvm; cifAsm? a&xJrsm; usae&pf xifyg&JU}
&S m;/ /][kwfygvdrfhr,f? odkYaomfvJ awGUatmif &SmzkdYawmh aumif;ao;w,f? tavmif;awGUwJh ae&mudk onfu
b,favmuf a0;ovJ}
olBuD;/ /]wpfwkdifausmfausmf avmuf a0;ygw,f}
&S m;/ /]uRefawmf Munfhyg&apOD;Asm? vkdufjyygOD;aemf}
olBuD;/ /]aumif;ygNyD cifAsm? jyyghr,f}
&S m;/ /]q&m0efBuD;aum vkdufOD;rvm;}
0ef/ /]cGifhjyKyg cifAsm? tvkyfawG rsm;aeao;vkdY rvkdufyg&apESifhawmh cifAsm}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwkdYonf aq;½HkrS xGufvmcJhMuí tavmif;awGU&m a&uefodkU oGm;a&mufMuav&m vrf;c&D;wGif
&GmolBuD;onf todwpfa,mufESifh awGUojzifh acwårQ &yfí pum;ajymaecdkufwGif uRefawmfu armifpH&Sm;tm;
uRefawmf/ /]ckyHkawmhjzifh q&m0efBuD; ajymwJhtwkdif; udk,fhudk,fudk owfNyD; aoaMumif; xif&Sm;aeNyD xifw,fAs}
&S m;/ /]udkodef;armifES,fAsm? udk,fhudk,fudk owfcsif&ifAsm? onfavmufa0;a0; rD;&xm;pD;NyD; vm&atmif[m
&efukefrSm a&r&SdvkdYvm;As? NyD;awmh wpfcsufuvJ vlwpfa,muf[m b,fvkdyif aocsifapumrl ajcaxmufvkdY
rDEkdifwJh a&xJrSm twif;udk,fhudk,fudk ESpfNyD; owfzdkY tifrwef cJ,Of;w,fAs? usKyfjzifh Mum;yJ rMum;zl;ao;bl;}
a&TOa'gif;
xkdcPü &GmolBuD;onf uRefawmfwkdYtm; rDvmonfjzpfaomaMumifh qufvufrajymMubJ a&uef&Sd&modkY qdwfjidrfpGm

oGm;a&mufMuav\/ wpfrkdifc&D;rQ oGm;rdMuavvQif a&SUrS oGm;aom &GmolBuD;onf vrf;rBuD;eHab;udk
csdK;0ifoGm;aom vrf;uav;udk vkdufoGm;ojzifh uRefawmfwkdYvnf; ¤if;\aemufrS vkdufMu&av\/
¤if;vrf;i,frSmrlum; aumif;rGefpGm azmufvkyfíxm;aom vrf;r[kwfbJ vSnf;rsm;onf v,fawmodkY
jzwfoef;armif;ESifoGm;aom ajrvrf;uav;rQ jzpfav\/
ig;rdepfcefYoGm;rdMujyefvQif &GmolBuD;onf ¤if;vrf;i,fudkyif ypfxm;cJhjyefí vSnf;bD;&m tenf;i,frQom &Sdaom
vrf;uav;wpfcktwdkif; vkdufoGm;jyef&m urlwpfckudk wufrdonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf arSmfrsm;zHk;tkyfvsuf &Sdaom
a&uefwpfckudk awGUjrifMu&av\/
olBuD;/ /]onfuefygyJ cifAsm? tavmif;awGUwmuawmh a[m[kdae&mrSmyJ cifAs}
armifpH&Sm;onf a&uefudk jrifonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf wpfpHkwpfckudk pOf;pmrdonfhvu©PmESifh twefMumatmif
wefY&yfawG;awmaeNyD;vQif arSmfrsm;udk wkwfaumufjzifh xkdrS þrS z,f&Sm;Munfh½Ivsuf &Sdav\/
olBuD;/ /]b,fhES,fvJ cifAsm ? aomhawGUatmif uRefawmf qif;NyD;&Sm&OD;rvm;}
&S m;/ /]tm;emp&mBuD;yJ cifAs? EkdYayrJh wwfEkdifvQif ... }
&GmolBuD;onf zswfvwfvsifjrefaom vlwpfa,muf jzpfonfESifh pum;rqHk;rDyif a&xJodkY qif;í&Smygaomfvnf;
aomh[líwpfacsmif;rQrawGUbJ&Sdav\/ urf;ay:odkYa&mufvmaomf &GmolBuD;onf rdrd\t0wfrsm;pGwfpdkvsuf&Sdonf
jzpfaomaMumifh ta&;rBuD;u tdrfodkYjyefcGifhjyK&ef ajymqkdav&m armifpH&Sm;onf ¤if;tm; aus;Zl;wifaMumif;udk
xyfavmif;um ajymqkdNyD;aemuf jyefcGifhjyKvkdufav\/ olBuD;xGufoGm;aomtcg
uRefawmf/ /]aomhudk onfavmuf ta&;wBuD; &Sm&atmif[m aomhawGUawmhaum bmrsm;xl;OD;rSmvJ q&mBuD;&JU}
&S m;/ /]aomhawGUawmh olYrSm aomhygw,fqkdwm taotcsm usKyfwkdY od&wmaygh? odkYaomf rawGUawmhaum rygbl;
vkdY usKyfwkdY twwfrajymEkdifbl;ayghav? odkYayrJh aomhygw,f rygbl;qkdwm aoaocsmcsm usKyfwkdY odatmif
vkyf&vdrfhr,fAsdKU}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwkdYonf a&uefrS xGufcGmvmcJhMuí urlay: odkY wufrdaomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf
oGm;&mvrf;udk a&S;uxufaocsmpGm Munfh½Ivsuf wpfckaom ae&modkYa&mufonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf ajrBuD;udk
wkwfaumufESifh ñTwfjyvsuf
&S m;/ /]Munfhprf;AsdKU udkodef;armif}
uRefawmf/ /]vSnf;aMumif;&m r[kwfbl;AsdKU? armfawmfum; wm,mESifh wlw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]avxkd;wJh wm,mrsdK; r[kwfbl;? Muufaygif bD;jym;ESifh wlw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]onfvrf;udk armif;vmpOfu 0efav;av;BuD; rwifcJhbl;xifw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]rqkdEkdifbl;Asm}
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;onf aemufjyefavQmufí wm,maMumif;udk wkwfESifh axmufjyvsuf ]a[m'D[mu oHcRef&mAs?
a[m'D[mu MuufaygifrSm cJ0ifNyD; pl;aewJht&mAs? oHcRef&mESifh cJpl;&m[m wkwfaumufwpfjyefavmuf a0;w,f?
onfawmhum aemufbD;u vusfmbufwm,mrSm oHcRefwpfacsmif;ESifh cJwpfvHk; pl;0ifaewJh armfawmfavmf&Dudk

awGU&ifjzifh onfavmf&DyJvkdY usKyfwkdY od&r,f r[kwfbl;vm;}
uRefawmf/ /]od&ifaum bmjzpfovJAsm}
&S m;/ /]aMomf vkdvkdr,fr,f rSwfcJh&wmaygh udkodef;armif? avmf&D&yfwJh ae&mudkaum cifAsm; &Smwwf&JUvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]&Smwwfygw,fAsm? a[m'DrSmyg}
&S m;/ /]a&uefqD csdK;oGm;wJh vrf;uav;em;rSm [kwfp? udkif; udkif; OD;omarmifu arQmfvSa&mhr,f?
oGm;vkdufMuOD;pdkYAsm}
uRefawmfwkdYonf blwm½HkodkYa&mufMuaomtcg rD;&xm;ESifh wpfNydKifeuf twl0ifMu&ef csdef;íxm;bdouJhodkY
rD;&xm;vnf; 0ifvmojzifh OD;omarmifu 0,f,líxm;ESifhaom vufrSwfrsm;ESifh uRefawmfwkdYonf vGwfvyfaom
'kwd,wGJ wpfwGJay: odkY ckefwufMuNyD;aemuf rD;&xm;vnf; xGufoGm;av\/ &xm;xGufonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf
armifpH&Sm;onf aq;wHudk aq;xnfhí pnf;pdrfESifh ½SLzGm&if;
&S m;/ /]OD;omatmifESifh aemufqHk;awGUvkduf&pOfu awGawGa0a0&Sdw,fqkdwm b,fvkdvJAs? ab;tEÅ&m,f
wpfpHkwpf&mudk pkd;&drfwJh vu©Pm&Sdovm;}
armif / /]pkd;&drfwJhvu©Pmawmh &Sdw,fAs? bmaMumifhvJ qkdawmh touftmrcH ukrÜPDudk aemufqHk;t&pftwGuf
ay;oGif;cJhwJh ajypmjzwfydkif;udk uRefawmhfqDvmNyD; *½kwpdkufay;vmw,f}
&S m;/ /]onfht&ifuaum ray;zl;bl;vm;}
armif / /]onfht&ifuvJ ay;awmhay;yg&JU? EkdYayrJh vrf;BuHKrSyJ ay;wmyJ? [kdaeUuawmh csufcsif;yJ vmNyD; tyfw,f}
&S m;/ /]olUrSm &efolrsm; &Sdw,fvkdY Mum;zl;ovm;}
armif / /]rMum;rdygbl;cifAsm? odkYaomfvJ r&Sdbl;vkdYawmh rajymEkdifbl; cifAs? uRefawmfhtpfudku pum;tenf;om;?
olUtaMumif;udk w,fNyD; ajymwwfwJhvl r[kwfbl;}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm;qDu aiGoHk;axmifudk b,ftwGuf olacs;ovJ}
armif / /]olUrdwfaqGwpfa,muf twGuf tmrcHa<u; rdoGm;vkdYwJh cifAs}
¤if;aemuf trIpum;udk jzwfNyD;vQif armifpH&Sm;onf tjcm;pum;rsm;udk &,farmum qufvufajymoGm;Mu&m
&efukefodkYa&mufaomtcg OD;omarmifrSm ¤if;\aetdrfodkY oGm;ojzifh uRefawmfwkdYvnf; vrf; 40 &Sd uRefawmfwkdY
aetdrfokdY jyefcJhMuav\/ tdrfokdYa&mufNyD;aemuf npmxrif; pm;NyD;Muojzifh aq;vdyfudk,fpD aomuf½SLvsuf
&SdMupOf
uRefawmf/ /]OD;omatmif udpötwGuf bmrsm; vkyfOD;r,f BuHovJ}
&S m;/ /]t*FgaeYu OD;omatmif[m b,fu b,fudkoGm;w,f qkdwm c&D;pOfudk usKyfodatmif vkyf&r,f}
uRefawmf/ /]jzwfykdif;rSm ygwJh blwm emrnfu bmwJhvJAs}
&S m;/ /]rD;&xm;tcsdefpm&if; pmtkyf wqdwfavmuf vSrf;vkdufprf;Asm? blwmemrnf twdkaumufuawmh (STGN)
wJh? tzkd;u onftzkd;[m 'Pf½kdufwJh twGuf ydkay;&jcif;jzpfawmh trSeftwkdif;qkdvQif wpf0ufzkd;om &Sdw,f?
wpf0ufqkdvQif [kwfp? 'kdufOD;udk b,favmufay;&ovJ}
uRefawmf/ /]wwd,wef;udk ( ) As}
a&TOa'gif;
&S m;/ /]'gjzifh 'kdufOD;ESifh 10 rkdifavmuf a0;wmaygh? rSef;prf; &Smprf;r,f? aMomf wefawmh awGUNyDAsdKU? qwfaoukef;
blwmAsdKU? acwåblwmuav;yJ? ukdif; onfuaeYawmh tcsdef r&Sdbl;? eufjzef qwfaoukef; udk vkdufOD;rvm; AsdKU}
uRefawmf/ /]vkdufwmayghAsm}
aemufwpfaeYü uRefawmfwkdYonf avmfu,f&xm;ESifh vkdufygoGm;Muí qwfaoukef;blwmodkY a&mufaomtcg
uRefawmfwkdYonf rD;&xm;rS qif;oufMuav&m tvGefao;i,faom blwmopfuav; jzpfojzifh c&D;onf[lí
uRefawmfwkdYomvQif ygcJhav\/ uRefawmfwkdYqif;NyD;aemuf rD;&xm;vnf; xGufoGm;avvQif armifpH&Sm;onf
½Hkydkif\ tcef;odkYoGm;í vufrSwfay;tyf&if;
&S m;/ /]½HkydkifBuD; tvkyfujzifh w,fat;ygw,fAsm? vcudk tacsmifvkdvkd &aewmyJ xifw,f}
yk dif/ /]rSefygw,f cifAsm? 'kwd,wef;pD; c&D;onf&,fvkdYawmh w,fNyD;r&SdvSygbl;? bJarG;wJh w½kwfuav; 4-5-10
a,mufESifh qwfaoukef;&Gmu wpfcgwpfcg c&D;onfuav;rsm;yg wufwmygyJ? rsufESmpdrf;&,fvkdY
wpfvavmuftwGif; cifAsm;wkdY ESpfa,mufxJ vmzl;ygao;w,f}
&S m;/ /]½HkydkifBuD; owdarhwwfw,f xifw,f? [kdwpfaeYu usKyfrdwfaqG wpfa,muf onfrSm qif;oGm;w,f
r[kwfvm;? vufrSwfaysmufoGm;vkdY 'Pf½kdufcH&wJhvl [mav}
yk dif/ /]aMomf odNyD odNyD? yg;rSm trm&GwfESifh vl[m r[kwfvm;? onfvlu rsufESmpdrf;rS r[kwfbJcifAsm?
rMumrMum vmaeMuvlyJ? ,pfrsdK;bufu rSwfw,f}
&S m;/ /][kwfygw,f [kdaeYu olb,ftcsdef jyefoGm;ovJAsdKU}
yk dif/ /]rjyefygbl; cifAsm? uRefawmfawmif jyefaeMu jyefrvmvkdY tHhMordao;w,f}
uRefawmfwkdYonf blwm½HkrS xGufvmMuNyD;aemuf ywf0ef;usifodkY arQmfMunfh&m rkdifwpf0ufcefY c&D;wGif
wJukyfuav; av;ig;wJudk jrifojzifh ¤if;wkdY&Sd&modkY avQmufvmcJhMuav\/
wJrsm;\ teD;ü a&uefBuD;wpfckxJü 0rf;bJwkdYonf a&ul;vsuf &SdMuav&m armifpH&Sm;onf acwårQ &yfwefYí
0rf;bJrsm;udk Munfh½Ivsuf &SdpOf armfawmf avmf&D wpfpif;onf 0rf;bJrsm; tjynfhwifvsuf uRefawmfwkdY\ teD;rS
jzwfíarmif;oGm;av\/ armifpH&Sm;onf avmf&Dukd vSrf;MunfhNyD;aemuf pddwfauseyfonfh vu©PmESifh OD;acgif;udk
qwfvkdufonf[k uRefawmfxifrSwf vkduf&av\/
avmf&D armif;oGm;NyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf a&uefbufodkY wpfzef vSnfhMunfhNyD;vQif a&uef\ tajctaeudk
Munfh½Ijyef&m ¤if;a&uefrSm t&yfav;rsufESm wkdYü &THUEGHwkdYjzifh 0kdif;&Hvsuf &SdonfjzpfaomaMumifh wpfckaom ae&mü
a&rsm;tvG,fwul cyf,lEkdif&ef ysOfjym;rsm;udk wHwm;jyKvkyf wnfcif;xm;onfudk awGU&Sd&av\/ a&uefeHab;rS
avQmufoGm;Muí wHwm;okdYa&mufaomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf wHwm;\ tqHk;odkYa&mufatmif avQmufNyD;vQif
tdwfxJüxJhí ,lcJhaom ydkufuGefi,fwpfckudk vrf;avQmufwkwfaumuf\ tzsm;üwyfqifNyD;vQif &THUEGHrsm;udk
arTaESmufvsuf &Sdav\/ &Hzef&Hcg ykdufudkESpfNyD;aemuf &Hzef&Hcg xkwfazmfí Munfhvsuf&Sdonf/ wpfckaom wJi,frS
wHcg;onf ½kwfw&ufyGifhvmNyD;vQif w½kwfwpfa,mufonf uRefawmfwkdY&Sd&modkY arQmfMunfhav\/ xkdtjcif;t&mudk
uRefawmfonf armifpH&Sm;tm; jyaomfvnf; armifpH&Sm;onf *½krrlonfhvu©PmESifh qufvufvkyfudkifvsuf
&SdaecJh&m ,cifu w½kwfonf wJi,frS xGufvmcJhí uRefawmfwkdY &Sd&modkY cyfokwfokwf avQmufvmcJhav\/
armifpH&Sm;onf ¤if;w½kwftm; wpfcsufrQ apmif;iJhum MunfhNyD;vQif qufvufarTaESmufNrJwkdif; arTaESmufvsuf
&Sdav\/ w½kwfonf teD;odkYa&mufaomtcg a'goBuD;pGmjzifh ]cGD;rpGm;awG ygvmNyD; ½IyfaeovJ pGm;} [k
aigufief;í ajymvkdufaomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf ydkufuGefudk azmfawmhrnf jyKNyD;rS wpfzefjyefí ESpfxm;NyD;aemuf
&S m;/ /]a'goBuD;vSacsuvm; aygufazmfBuD;&,f? bmaMumifhvJAs}
½k wf/ /]bmpum; rsm;aeovJ pGm;? wD[m igha&uef? y,folrS rvm&bl; pGm;}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm;a&uefjzifh vlr0ifapcsifvQif umxm;ygawmhvm;}

½k wf/ /]ig umusifumr,f? rumusif rumbl;? eif ygvkyfw,f ajym}
&S m;/ /]pdwfrqkd;ygESifh aygufazmf? arSmf eJeJ &csifvkdYyg}
½k wf / /]arSmf ygarSmf? ig em;rvnfbl;? pGm; ? eif yg&w,f jyprf; ? ig MunfYr,f}
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;onf uRefawmfhtm; vSrf;í Munfhvkduf&m? uRefawmfrSm armifpH&Sm;\ tBuHudk &dyfrdonfjzpfí
w½kwfBuD;tm; uRefawmf\ bufodkYvSnfYapjcif;iSm
uRefawmf/ /]aygufazmfBuD;? 0rf;bJ ESpfaumifavmuf a&mif;p&m r&Sdbl;vm;}
½k kwf / /(uRefawmf\ bufokdY ½kwfw&uf vSnfhí) ]r&Sdbl; r&Sdbl;? ra&mif;bl;? pGm; pGm;? eifwkdYtm;vHk; pGm;}
[k aigufief;ajymqkdvsuf &SdonftwGif; armifpH&Sm;onf ydkufuGefxJrS wpfpHkwpfckudk vsifjrefpGm aumuf,lí
tuÐstdwfwGif;odkY xnfhvkdufav\/ ¤if;aemuf
w½kwf/ /]aumif;yD eifwkdY rpGm;&if acG;ESifh ½SL;wkdufr,f} [kajymí wJbufodkYajy;oGm;av&m uRefawmfwkdYrSm
a&uefrS cyfokwfokwf xGufvmcJhMu&av\/ vrf;c&D;ü
uRefawmf/ /]ykdufuGefxJu cifAsm;aumuf,lvkdufwm bmvJAsdKU} [k ar;aomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf
tuÐstdwfwGif;odkY vufjzifhEIduf,lí wpfpHkwpfckudk uRefawmftm;jyoav&m ¤if;rSm MuufaygifjzihfwGJzufí
xm;aom oGm;av;acsmif; jzpfonfudk awGU&Sd&ojzifh tHhMordav\/
uRefawmf/ /]b,frSmvJAsdKU? OD;omatmif&JU oGm;awGrSwfw,f}
&S m;/ /]tppfaygh}
uRefawmf/ /]onfae&mrSm onfoGm;awG usef&pfaMumif;udk cifAsm; b,fhES,f&dyfrdovJ}
&S m;/ /]rsufpdudk cyfus,fus,f zGifhMunfhwJhvl[m olrsm;xufydkNyD; jrifwmayghAs? a[monfu wkdif,maMumif;udk
Munfhprf;} [k ajymí wkwfaumufESifh axmufjy&m ¤if;rSm OD;omatmifaoaom a&uefteD;ü awGUcJh&aom
wkdif,maMumif;uJhodkY oHcRef&mwpfck? cJvHk;&m wpfck pl;0ifvsuf &Sdonfudk awGUjrif&av&m ¤if;udk wkdif;xGmí
Munfhaomtcgüvnf; wkwfaumufwpfjyef a0;uGmonfudk awGUMu&av\/
uRefawmf/ /]ckwifu armif;NyD; oGm;wJh avmf&Du wkdif,maMumif;yJ AsdKU}
&S m;/ /]tppfayghAsm? usKyfu armif;oGm;wm jrifvkdufuwnf;u oHcRefeJY cJvHk;pl;0ifaewmudk jrifvkdufNyD;om;yJ ?
'gxuf cifAsm; ckwifu ar;wJh ar;cGef;udk usKyfajz&OD;r,f? onfvkdAs? OD;omatmif&JU tavmif;awGUpOf
tpmtdrfxJu &wJha&wpfykvif;udk usKyfwkdY MunfhpOfu a&xJrSm bmrsm; cifAsm; awGUvkdufovJ}
uRefawmf/ /]arSmfzwfuav;awG awGUvkdufw,f}
&S m;/ /]b,fvkdarSmfrsdK;vJ As}
uRefawmf/ /]trsdK;trnfawmh uRefawmf rajymwwfbl;Asm}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm;wkdYtnmrSmawmh c&rf;arSmf ac:wJh arSmfuav;rsdK;udk As? c&rf;aphuav;awGESifh cyfqifqif wlwmyJ?
'gESifh tavmif;awGUwJh a&uefudk a&mufvkdY usKyfwkdY Munfhjyefawmh a&uefrSm arSmfawGawmh &Sdyg&JU? okdYayrJh
c&rf;arSmf r[kwfbl;As? arSmfBuD;awGom &Sdw,f? NyD;awmh wpfcsufuvJ tavmif;&JU vufxJrSm aA'gyifuav;
wpfyifudk qkyfNyD; udkifxm;wm cifAsm; awGUvkdufw,f r[kwfbl;vm;? tavmif;awGUwJh a&uefxJrSm aA'gyifrsm;
cifAsm; jrifrd&JUvm;}
a&TOa'gif;
uRefawmf/ /]rjrifrdbl;AsdKU}
&S m;/ /]wpfyifrS r&Sdbl;As? onfawmh bmxif&Sm;owJhvJ? OD;omatmif[m a&epfvkdY aowmawmh rSefyg&JU? EkdYayrJh
[kduefrSm epfNyD; aowm r[kwfbl;? wpfuefrSm udk,fhudk,fudk ESpfowfNyD;rS tjcm;wpfuefokdY a&TUajymif;EkdifzkdYvnf;
r&Sdbl;? onfawmh wpfa,mufa,mufu owfNyD; a&TUajymif;xm;wm jzpf&r,f r[kwfvm;Asm? NyD;awmh wpfcg
rD;&xm;bufu ajypmjzwfykdif;udk Munfhjyefawmh [kdaeYu oloGm;&m t&yfudk od&jyefw,f r[kwfbl;vm;As}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfygayhAsm? okdYaomf vufarmif;'Pf&mu b,hfES,fvJAsm}
&S m;/ /]vufjyefBudK;csnfNyD; a&xJcsvkdY BudK;yGef;wJh 'Pf&mESifh wlw,f}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfNyDAsdKU? odkYaomf onfae&mrSm owfNyD; b,hfES,faMumifh [kdae&m ajymif;xm;&ovJAs}
&S m;/ /]owfwJhvlrsm;[m a&uefteD;rSm aeavawmh udk,fhtdrfem;rSm udk,fowfwJhtavmif;BuD; &SdaevQif &dyfrdrSm
pkd;avawmh a&TUxm;vkdufwmayghAsm}
uRefawmf/ /]wefawmhAsdKU? ckwifu 0rf;bJwifwJh avmf&DESifh tavmif;udk wif,loGm;NyD; [kdu a&uefrSm
ypfcsxm;cJh[ef wlw,f}
&S m;/ /]tppfayghAsm}
uRefawmf/ /]'gjzifh owfwJhvl[m ckwifu aygufazmfBuD;rsm;aygh}
&S m;/ /]olwkdY vlpk jzpf&r,f}
uRefawmf/ /]b,ftwGuf owfovJAsm}
&S m;/ /]OD;omatmifuvJ ,pfrsdK;t&m&Sd? w½kwfqkdwJh vlrsdK;uvJ ,pfrsdK;rygbJ ukeful;wwfwJhvlrsdK; r[kwf?
acgufqGJqkdifuav; zGifh&ifvJ t&ufcef;ESifh bdef;cef;ESifh? bmvkyfvkyf bdef;wif;uaZmf avSmfZm t&uf rygbJ
vlwwfwJh vlpk r[kwfbl;? onfawmh OD;omatmifu rMumrMumvmNyD; arTaESmufpHkaxmuf? onfawmh
&efoljzpfvmMuwm ayghAsm? 'gESifh 'Dvlao&if wpfjynfat;w,f qkdNyD; okwfoifvkdufMu[ef wlw,f?
udktkef;azwkdUudk owif;ay;vkdufrS awmfr,fAsdKU}
uRefawmfwdkYonf &efukefNrdKUokdY jyefa&mufMuaomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf tpdk;&pHkaxmuf tifpydwfawmf
udktkef;aztm; pHkvifpGm owif;ay;vkduf&m udktkef;azonf ykvdyft&m&Sdrsm;ESifh oGm;a&mufzrf;qD;onfwGif
ajrwGifjr§kKyfxm;aom bdef; wkdvmcsdef 1000 cefUudk awGU&Sdonfhjyif w½kwfrsm;udk zrf;qD;onfhtcg wpfa,mufaom
w½kwftm; vGwfaprnf[k tmrcHí acsmharmhar;jref;&m OD;omatmifudk owfaMumif; ajzmifhcsufay;ojzifh
usefw½kwfwkdYrSm armifpH&Sm;\ oufaocHcsuft& tjypf'Pf &&SdMuavownf;/
NyD;ygNyD/
______
14/ pdefvk,ufrIü pHkaxmufyHk

uRefawmfonf pHkaxmufarmifpH&Sm; taMumif;udk 1917ckESpfupí ol&d, r*¾Zif;wGif a&;om;cJY&m
xdkpOftcgurlum; armifpH&Sm;rSm vlodrrsm;ao;onf jzpfí vrf;40&Sd wdkufcef;wpfcef;udk uRefawmfwdkY ESpfOD;
twlwuG iSm;&rf;aexdkifumrQESifYyif vHkavmufcJYav\/ odkY&mwGif ,cktcgü rlum; ESpfy&dapä' &SnfMum
vSonfvnf; wpfaMumif;? 4if;\ pHkaxmufrIrsm;udk uRefawmfudk,fwdkifa&;om;í t&yf&yf r*¾Zif; rsm;wGif
xnfYoGif; azmfjycJYonfYtwGuf 4if;\trnfudk uRefawmfu tcrJY aMumfjimí ay;bdouJYodkY &Sdonf
wpfaMumif;aMumifY 4if;\xHodkY trIonf ajrmufjrm;pGm vma&mufMuonfjzpfí yef;qdk;wef;vrf;ü wdkufcef;MuD;
wpfcef;iSm;&rf;jyD;vQif tvkyfwdkuf[lí oD;oefY zGifYvSpfxm;&av\/ odkY&mwGif vrf;40&Sdwdkufcef;udk
armifpH&Sm;onf rdrdrlvMuD;yGm;&m ae&muav;jzpfonf[k tpGJtvrf;&SdonfESifY 4if;tcef;udk rpGefYvTwfbJ
aetdrftjzpfESifY toHk;jyKvsuf&SdcJYavonf/
,if;uJYodkY tvkyfrsm;í vmcJYonfYtavsmuf armifpH&Sm;onf pmay;pm,ltwGufvnf;aumif;? udpötao;tzGJ
twGufvnf;aumif;? xdkxdkþþ apvTwf&ef twGufvnf;aumif;? rdef;rpma&;uav; wpfa,mufudk vcay;í
iSm;&rf;í xm;cJYav\/ ,if;uJYodkY rdef;uav;udk pma&;vkyfief;ü cefYxm;jcif;rSm rdef;uav;wdkYrnfonf
tvkyftudkifudk vkyfudkifwwfonfYtjyif pHkaxmufrIESifY ywfoufaom tcsdKYae&mwdkYüvnf; a,musfm;uav;
rsm;xuf toHk;0ifvSonf jzpfaomaMumifY cefYxm; iSm;&rf;cJYjcif;jzpfavonf/
4if;pma&;ruav;rSm touf 23ESpfcefY&Sdí t*Fvdyfpm 7wef;rQatmifjrifcJY&m trnfrSm roef;jrifYjzpfavonf/
4if;roef;jrifYonf jzLjzLpifpif ao;ao;oG,foG,fESifY cspfcifzG,f ½kyftqif;udkaqmifvsuf oGufvuf
zswfvwfaom udk,f[eftrlt&mvnf;&Sdav&um; uRefawmf\rdwfaqG armifpH&Sm;ESifY trIrsm;udk wGJzuf pHkaxmuf
aeMujzpfaom tifpydwfawmf armiftkef;azonf 4if;tm; arwåmouf0if cspfcifpHkruf[ef vu©Pm&Sdí trIESifh
ywfoufonf jzpfap? rywfoufonf jzpfap armifpH&Sm;\ tvkyfcef;odkY a&S;uxuf tMudrfaygif;rsm;pGm
vma&mufvnfywfavY&SdcJY\/
wpfaeYoü uRefawmfonf tvkyftm;vyfonfjzpfí armifpH&Sm;\ tvkyfcef;odkY oGm;a&muf vnfywfjyD;vQif
pm;yGJxdkifum axG&mav;yg; pum;wdkYudk &,farmajymqdkum &SdaeMupOf pma&;roef;jrifYonf vufESdyfpufjzifY
½kdufESdyfjyD;aom pmrsm;udk armifpH&Sm; vufrSwfxdk;&ef ,laqmifí tcef;wGif;odkY 0ifvmcJYav\/ armifpH&Sm;onf
pmrsm;udk vufrSwfxdk;jyD;aemuf roef;jrifYonf 4if;wdkYudk ,laqmifí xGufoGm;avvQif
uRefawmf/ / ]udktkef;az pGJ&ifvJ pGJavmufygayw,fAsm? wu,fYudk oem;urm;&SdwJY ½kyfuav;ygayyJ}

&S m;/ / ]cifAsm;wdkYu ½kyfavmufomMunfYwwfwJY vlawGudk;As}
uRefawmf/ / ]½kyfudk rMunfYvdkY bmudkMunfY&OD;rSmvJ q&mMuD;&,f}
&S m;/ / ]rsufvHk;udk MunfYprf;As? onfvdkrsufvHk;rsdK;? cifAsm;jrifzl;&Jhvm;}
uRefawmf/ / ]yg;&nfeyf&nfawmY &SdyHk&ygw,fAsm}
&S m;/ / ]yg;½Hkeyf½Hkb,furvJAsm? OmPfynmvJ xufjrufw,f? owådåuav;vJ &Sdw,f? wpfpHkwpfckudk
BuHpnfawmYr,fqdk&if rjzpfajrmufrcsif; ikyfrdoJwdkif wufEdkifzsm;a&mufqdkwJY pum;vdk pGJpGJjrJjrJ BuHwwfwJY
oabmvJ&Sdw,f}
uRefawmf/ / ]olYrdbu b,folvJAs}
&S m;/ / ]tckawmYrdbr&Sdbl;vdkYajymw,f}
a&TOa'gif;
xdkcPü armifpH&Sm;\ tvkyfcef;wHcg;onf yGifYvmí tifpydwfawmf armiftkef;azonf tcef;wGif;odkY 0ifvm&m

uRefawmf/ / ]a[m ajym&if;qdk&if; aygufvmjyD}
az/ / ]bmawGrsm;ajymaeMuovJAsm? uRefawmfY taMumif;rsm;vm;}
uRefawmf/ / ]cifAsm;taMumif;&,fvdkY r[kwfygbl;Asm} [kajymjyD;aemuf uRefawmfESifY armifpH&Sm;wdkYonf
&,farmMuavvQif armiftkef;azvJ a&ma,mifum &,farm&aomfvnf; r&Tifjyaom rsufESmxm;ESifYawGa0
pOf;pm;um &Sdaeav\/
&S m;/ / ]bmvJAs udktkef;az&JY? bmrsm;jzpfvmjyefvdkYvJ}
az/ / ]onfvdkygq&m? r*dkvrf;u ukvm;pdefwdkufawGudk [dkwavmu cPcP azmufxGif;jyD;
pdefawGcdk;oGm;w,fqdkwm q&mwdkYMum;vdkuf&JY r[kwfvm;}
&S m;/ / ][kwfuJY? Mum;vdkufygw,fAsm}
az/ / ]tJ'DtrIawGu ,ckxufxd vufonfray:ao;vdkY pHkaxmufrif;MuD;u 'DtrItwGuf uRefawmfYudk
oufoufvTJtyfjyD;ay;vdkufygw,f q&mcifAsm}
&S m;/ / ]'geJYrsm; onfavmufrdIifae&vm;Asm? onfavmufcJ,Of;r,fY trI r[kwfygbl;? pdefawGcdk;jyD; 'if;wdkY
b,fvTifYypfEdkifrSmvJAsm? ajc&mcHvdkY tvG,fom;aygY}
az/ / ]onfvdk q&m&JY? olwdkYu awmfawmf vlpkvla0;aumif;w,f? jrefrmjynfxJrSmawmif ur,frxifbl;?
tdE´d,jynf? jyifopfjynfxJrSmawmif olwdkYvlawG&Sd[efwlw,f? onfawmYolwdkYu onfjynfu cdk;jyD; onfrSmwGif
ra&mif;bJ wjcm;jynfudk wifydkYvdkuf[efwlw,f? 'gaMumifU onfavmufMumatmif uRefawmfwdkY ajc&mcHvdkY
rawGYEdkifwmaygY q&m}
&S m;/ / ]aMomf cifAsm;wpfcgajymzl;wJY vlrsdK;aygif;pHkygw,fqdkwJY toif;MuD;[mvm;}
az/ / ]tppfyJ q&m? olwdkYtxJrSm w½kwfygw,f? ukvm;ygw,f? jrefrmygw,f? bdkujym;rwmif ygw,fvdkY
Mum;w,f q&m}
&S m;/ / ]acgif;aqmifu b,folvJAs od&JYvm;}
az/ / ]acgif;aqmifuawmY &[l'DvlrsdK; a';ApfwJY q&m}
xdktcg armifpH&Sm;onf xdkif&mrSxí MuGufavQmufay:ü wifxm;aom pmtkyfMuD;wpftkyfudk vSrf;,ljyD;vQif

vSefavSm &SmazGav\/ 4if;pmtkyfMuD;onfum; armifpH&Sm;onf pHkaxmuftvkyfudk pwifvkyfudkifcJYonfrSpí
emrnfausmf vlqdk;wdkY\ trnfrsm;? 4if;wdkY\ tw¬KyÜwådrsm;rSpí txl;wvnf qef;Mu,faom owif;rsm;ukd
owif;pm? r*¾Zif;wdkYrS udkufñSyfuyfxm;jcif;jzifY vnf;aumif;? vufjzifYa&;om;jcif;jzifY vnf;aumif;?
qnf;yl;odkrSD;í xm;cJYaom pmtkyfMuD;jzpfav\/ armifpH&Sm;onf pmtkyf\ wpfckaom rsufESmudk vSefjyD;aemuf
rdrd&SmazGaom t&mudk awGY&SdonfYvu©Pm ESifY pmtkyfudk pm;yGJay:ü cif;í atmufygtwdkif;zwfjyav\/
]tqD'dk a';Apf onf c&pfo uú&mZf 1885ck ESpfwG if r'&yfj rdKUü zGm ;jrifonf / jref rmjynf od kY 1910ckES pf ZG ef v
5&ufaeYu qdkufa&mufonf/ bmompum; trsdK;rsd K;wwfonf/ t&yfyk yk? xk aumif;aumif;?
EI wfcrf;arG; eD eD? vufwH&Snfí arsmufES if Ywlonf/ ausmufukef ul;onf [k trsm;u odMuonf/
1911ck ES pfu vd rf vnf rI ES if Y wpfMud rf? 1915ck ES pf u yef; qd k;wef ; "g;jyrI MuD ;wGif yg0ifonf[k ouFm
ruif ;aomaMumifY wpfMudrf ? rEåav; pmyk dYrD;&xm;MuD;ukd arSmufatmifBuHpnf&mü yg0if onf[k wpfMudrf?
oHk;Mudrfwdkif wdkif zrf;qD;jcif;cH&zl;onf/ odkY&mwGif rnfonf YtrI ürQ jypf rI rxif &S m;ojzif Y vT wfí ypfvd ku f
&onf/ 4if;ES if Y wpf Mud rf ES pf Mud rf a wG Yzl;&m pG rf ;&nfowådESifY jynfYpHkí ÓPfoGm;aom olwpfa,muf
jzpfonf[k xifjrifonf/}
txufyg taMumif;t&mwdkYudk armifpH&Sm;u zwfí jyaomtcg

az/ / ]pHkvifygayw,fcifAsm? uRefawmfwdkYrSm&SdwJY rSwfwrf;xufawmif q&mY[mu pHkygao;w,f? uRefawmfwdkUu
"gwfyHk &Sdwmav;wpfckavmufyJ omawmYw,f} [kajymí tusÐtdwfrS "gwfyHkudk xkwfí jyojzifY uRefawmfwdkYonf
a';Apf\ "gwfyHkudk Munfh½Ivsuf&SdpOf roef;jrifYonf tcef;wGif;odkY 0ifvmav\/
roef;jrifYonf uRefawmfwdkYMunfYaeaom "gwfyHkudk apmif;iJYum MunfYvdkufojzifY jrif&onfESifYwjydKifeuf
rsufESmysufí oGm;av&m armifpH&Sm;onf xdktjcif;t&mudkjrifonfESifY
&S m;/ / ]bmjzpfvdkYvJ roef;jrifY? onfvludkodvdkYvm;}
jrifY/ / ]r[kwfygbl;&Sif? olYrsufESmMuD;u aMumufp&maumif;vGef;vdkYvefYoGm;wmyg}
4if;aemuf roef;jrifYonf armifpH&Sm;tm; ajym&ef pum;wpfcGef; ESpfcGef;udk ajymjyD;aemuf
tcef;jyifodkYxGufoGm;av\/ 4if;xGufoGm;vQif
uRefawmf/ / ]rdef;uav;rsufESmMunfY&wm bmvdkvdk&Sdw,fAs}
az/ / ]r[kwfw½kwf q&m&,f? tifrwef½dk;om;wJY rdef;uav;ygq&m}
&S m;/ / ]½dk;om;wJYvlaum tBuHr&Sdbl;vm;Asm/ olYtBuH[m raumif;bl;? aumif;w,fvdkYrS usKyfu rajymao;bJ}
xdkcPü w,fvDzkef;rS EId;pufay;ojzifY armifpH&Sm;onf em;Muyfudk aumuf,l em;axmifjyD;vQif ]a&mY udktkef;az?

cifAsm;ESifY pum;ajymcsifvdkYwJY} [kajymí armiftkef;aztm; ay;tyfvdkufav\/
uRefawmfwdkYonf armiftkef;az pum;ajymvsuf&Sdonfukd MunfY½Iem;axmifvsuf&SdMu&m armiftkef;azonf
em;Muyfudk em;ESifYuyfvsuf twefMumMuD; em;axmifjyD;aemuf rsufESmrsm; ysufoGm;jyD;aemuf aumif;ygjyD?
aumif;ygjyD [k ajymjyD;vQif em;Muyfudk csxm;vdkufav\/ 4if;aemuf
az/ / ]udkif; q&ma&? ajym&if;qdk&if trIa&mufukefjyefyaum q&m? r*dkvrf;u pdefbmblwpfa,mufu

olYwynfYwpfa,mufudk pdefawGESifYvTwfvdkufwm ray:vmbl;wJY q&ma&h? onftrI[mvJ pdeftrIeJY
ywfoufavawmY a';ApfwdkU vufcsufyJ jzpfwefaumif;&JYqdkjyD; uRefawmfYudkyJ vTJvdkufowJY? udkif; vmyg?
q&majymovdk ylylaEG;aEG;vdkufprf;Mu&atmif}
uRefwmfwdkUonf um;wpfpD;ESifY xGufoGm;Muí r*dkvrf;&Sd pdefbmblwdkufodkU a&mufaomtcg ar;jref;pHkprf;ojzifY

od&SdMu&onfrSm rifwdkrif&Sif[dkw,fü wnf;cdkaexdkifvsuf&Sdaom bdkrwpfa,muf pdefwdkufodkYvmí pdefvufpGyfrsm;?
pdefem;oefoD;rsm;rS pí tzdk;xdkufwefaom vuf0wfvufpm;rsm;udk 0,fjcrf;vdkonfjzpfí rdrdwnf;cdk&m [dkw,fodkY
vuf0wfvufpm; trsdK;rsdK;udk vma&mufjyo&ef ajymqdkaMumif;? xdkodkY jyKvkyfjcif;rSm bdkrwdkUjyKaeMuenf; jzpfí
pdefbmblonf ,HkMunfpdwfcs&aom rdrd\pma&; tDpreftifudk pdefvufpGyf trsdK;rsdK;? em;oefoD; trsdK;rsdK;?
a&TOa'gif;
pdefvufaumuf trsdK;rsdK;wdkYESifY 4if;[dkw,fodkY apvTwfvdkufaMumif;? tDpreftifonf tqdkygypönf;rsm;udk

vufqGJom;a&tdwfwGif xnfYjyD;vQif wuúpDwpfpD;ESifY oGm;a&mufaMumif;/
4if;xGufoGm;aomtcg 11em&DcefYrQom&Sdao;onf jzpf&m tMumqHk;tm;jzifY em&Djyef 1csufcefYwGif jyefí a&mufoifY
aMumif;? 2em&Dxdk;atmif apmifYqdkif;ygaomfvnf; tDpreftif jyefí ra&mufvmaomtcg pdefbmblonf pdk;&drfruif;
&Sdonfjzpfí [dkw,fodkYw,fvDzkef;qufí ar;jref;aMumif;? xdktcg refae*smvkyfolu tDpreftifqdkolrSm wpfem&D
xdk;avmufuyif jyefoGm;jyD jzpfaMumif;? bdkr\tcef;rSqif;vmaomtcg tDpreftifonf refae*smudkyif pdefrsm;
jyoí 0,f,l&ef wdkufwGef;ao;aMumif;? bdkrudkvnf; pdefxnf wpfpHkwpf&mrQra&mif;cJY&í nnf;nLí oGm;aMumif;
rsm;ESifY ajymqdkaMumif;? xdktcgrS pdefbmblu XmemodkY wdkifMum;jcif; jzpfaMumif;rsm;ESifY od&Sd&avonf/
xdktcg armifpH&Sm;onf pdefbmbltm; tDpreftifqdkol\ "mwfyHkudk &atmif&Smapí xdkaeYu 4if;0wfqifoGm;aom
t0wftpm;rsm; taMumif;udkvnf; ar;jref;jyD;vQif rifwdkrif&Sif[dkw,fodkY oGm;a&mufMuav\/
refae*smESifYawGYaomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf bdkr\taMumif;udkar;jref;MunfY½I&m 4if;bdkrrSm rMumao;rDu
tdE´d,jynfrS qdkufa&mufvmaMumif;? pdef? a&T tajrmuftjrm; 0wfqifvsuf tapcHwdkYudk ]abmufql;} ay;urf;aom
t&mXmeü tvGefw&m &ufa&mvSonf jzpfaomaMumifY? Opöm"e cdkifvHkol wpfOD;wpfa,muf\ om;r,m; jzpfrnf
xifaMumif;? trnfrSm rpöa':qif jzpfaMumif;ESifY ajymqdkavonf/
xdktcg armifpH&Sm;u xdkbdkrudk awGYvdkygaMumif;ajymqdkaomtcg yxrü taESmifYt,Suf tuefYtuGufwdkYESifY
awGYBuHK&aomfvnf; aemufqHk;üawGYqHkcGifY &cJYav\/ 4if;bdkrrSm touf oHk;q,f t&G,fcefY&Sdí vSyajyjypfaom
½kyftqif;ESifY cefYxnfaom trlt&mvnf; &SdonfYtjyif jzLpifaom ta&tom;vnf; &Sdav&um; bdvyfoltppf
jzpfonf[k cefYrSef;Mu&av\/
armifpH&Sm;onf uRefawmfwdkUvma&mufonfY udpöudk ajymíjyaomtcg bdkronf rdrdtm; taMumif;rJY vma&muf
aESmifY,SufbdouJYodkU armifpH&Sm;\ar;cGef;rsm;udk pdwfwdkaom trlt&mESifY rajzcsifhajzcsif ajzqdkav\/ odkY
jzpfaomaMumifY refae*smxHrS Mum;od&onfxuf bdkrxHrS owif;xl; ydkrdkí rMum;od&acs/
aemufqHk;ü uRefawmfwdkUonf bdkr\tcef;rS atmufxyfodkY qif;vmcJYí taygufapmifY '&0rfukvm;tm;
ar;jref;Mujyef&m '&0rfu tDpreftifqdkolonf [dkw,frS qif;oGm;jyD;vQif wuúpD wpfpif;ay:odkY wufoGm;í
'½dkifbmtm; r*dkvrf;odkY armif;ESif&efajymqdkonfudk Mum;vdkuf&aMumif;/ wuúpDeHygwfrSm tm&f 4892 jzpfaMumif;
ESifY ajymqdkavonf/
xdktcg uRefawmfwdkYonf 4if;wufupDudk &Smí '½dkifbmtm; ar;jref;pHkprf;&m tDpreftifonf rdrd\
um;ay:odkYwufí 4if;apcdkif;onfY twdkif; r*dkvrf;odkY armif;ESifoGm;ojzifY vrf;w0ufokdY a&mufaomtcg
tDpreftifonf ½kwfw&uf pdwfoabm ajymif;vJ[ef vu©PmESifY ukvm;aysmfyGJpm;½Hk wpf½HkodkY armif;ESifapaMumif;?
4if;odkYa&mufaomtcg tDpreftifonf aomufpm;rl;&pfvsuf&Sdaom rdef;ra,musfm; wpfpkwdkYESifU twl pm;yGJodkU
0ifía&maESm aomufpm;jcif;udk rSefjywif;rS jrifvdkuf&aMumif;udk xGufqdkav\/
xdktcg uRefawmfwdkUonf 4if;wufupDESifYyif aysmfyGJpm;½HkodkY vdkufoGm;Mujyef&m qdkif&Sifukvm;ESifU awGYojzifY
ar;jref;í MunfYonfwGif tDpreftifonf xdkqdkifodkYvma&muf pm;aomufaeMujzpfojzifY rdrdESifY oduRrf;aMumif;?
4if;onf a&S;tcgu rl;,pfaomufpm;onfudk a0;pG? aq;vdyfaomufonfudkrQ rjrifbl;aomfvnf; xdkaeYürl
rdef;ra,musfm;wpfpkwdkUESifY a&mpyfrdí pD;u&ufrsm; wpfvdyfjyD;wpfvdyf aomufzGm½HkrQru t&ufrsm;udkyif
wpfcGufjyD;wpfcGuf jrdef&SufpGm aomufoHk;onfudk awGYjrif&aMumif;? 4if;\ vufqGJom;a&tdyfi,fwpfck
ygvmonfudkvnf; awGYjrif&aMumif;? 4if;wdkYonf rdrdqdkifü &SdonfY taumif;qHk;aom tpm;tpmrsm;udk
ajrmufjrm;pGm rSm,lpm;aomufMujyD;aemuf wufupD ESpfpD;ESifY jrif;yGJodkY xGufoGm;MuaMumif;ESifY ajymqdkavonf/
xdktcg uRefawmfwdkUonf jrif;wmywfodkY qufvufí vdkufoGm;Mujyef&m tDpreftifwdkUvlpkonf ,ckav;yif

jrif;yGJrS xGufoGm;Muí &dGKif&,f[dkw,fodkU oGm;a&mufMuaMumif; ajc&mcH rdjyefav\/ 4if;[dkw,fodkU
qdkufa&mufMuaomtcg xdkvlpkrSm ,ckav;yif uvyfwpfckodkY oGm;a&mufESifYMujyDjzpfaMumif; owif;&&Sdavonf/
,if;odkU jzpf&um; uRefawmfwdkYonf 4if;wdkUaemufrS tpOfrjywf uyfívdkufygvsuf &Sdaomfvnf;
rnfonfYae&mürQ rawGYqHkvdkuf&bJ vufrwifuav;rQ vGJí vGJí oGm;cJUav\/
þenf;tm;jzifY [dkw,fwpfckrS onfwpfckodkY? uvyfwpfckrS onfwpfckodkY owif;emcHí vdkufvmcJYMu&m
aemfuqHk;ü uRefawmfwdkUonf vrf;rawmf&Sd w½kwfuvyfwpfckodkU qdkufa&mufMuí 4if;wdkY vlpk&Sdaeao;aMumif;udk
owif;&&Sdavonf/ xdktcg uRefawmfwdkU oHk;OD;onf wdkufay:odkY wufoGm;Mu&m w½kwfwpfa,mufonf
armiftkef;azudkjrifojzifY ykvdyft&m&Sdwpfa,muf jzpfaMumif; od&Sdí rdrdwdkY\ teDaxmif0dkif;udk
zrf;qD;&efvma&mufjcif; jzpfonf[k rSwfxifojzifY tcsufay;vdkufav\/
w½kwfuvyfwdkUrSm avScg;ü taygufapmifYrsm; xm;onfYtjyif ykvdyft&m&Sdrsm; zrf;qD;&ef vma&mufonfYtcg
wdkufrdk;ay:rS ausmfí wpfcef;rS wpfcef;odkY ul;ausmfwdrf;a&Smif&ef vrf;rsm; pDpOfí íxm;wwfonf jzpf&um;
uvyfcef;odkY a&mufaomtcg vlwpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ rawGY&bJ aygufazmf av;OD; ydkufusL; zJupm;vsuf &Sdonf
udkomvQif awGYjrif&av\/
xdktcg armiftkef;azonf uvyfcef;twGif;ü tESYHtjym; vdkufvH&SmazG&m ckwifwpfck\ atmufü jrefrmwpfa,muf
0yfvQdK;um ykef;atmif;aeonfudk awGYojzifY rD;a&mifodkU qGJxkwfvmav\/ xdkolrSm pGyfus,ftusÐrQjzifY
0wfqifvsuf&Sd&m rD;a&mifodkY a&mufonfESifY armiftkef;azonf todjzpfí aeojzifY
az/ / ]a[U bdk;ausmf? tDpreftifqdkwJY ukvm;wpfa,muf rawGUbl;vm;}

ausmf / / ]rawGYygbl; q&m}
az/ / ]rSefrSef ajymprf;yguG? upm;0dkif;zrf;r,fvdkU igwdkYvmwm r[kwfygbl;? tDpreftif qdkwJYvludkawGYcsifvdkY
igwdkUvmwmyguG}
ausmf / / ]rSefrSefajymwmygyJ q&m? tDpreftifqdkwm uRefawmfjzifY awGYvJrawGYzl;bl;? Mum;vJ rMum;zl;ygbl;}
az/ / ]udkif; 'gjzifUvm? rif;vdkufcJY? rSefrSefrajymcsifwJYaumifawG tcsKyfcef;rSm tdyfap&rSmyJ}
4if;bdk;ausmfqdkolrSm emr,fausmf vlqdk;wpfa,muf jzpfav&m armiftkef;azonf armifpH&Sm;ESifY wdkifyifMuonfwGif

bdk;ausmfonf tDpreftifESifY twloGm;vm;aom vlpkwGif tygt0ifjzpfonf[k xifjrifoabm &&SdMuonf jzpfí
xdktrIudk pHkprf;&mü toHk;0ifrnfjzpfaom olwpfa,muf jzpf[ef&SdESifY XmemodkY ac:aqmifí csKyfaESmifxm;
vdkufav\/ 4if;aemuf uRefawmfwdkYrSm qufvufaqmif&Guf&ef tBuHukefMujyD jzpfí þrQESifYyif tdrfodkY jyefvm
cJYMu&av\/
aemufwpfaeY eHeufvif;onfESifY wpfjydKifeuf armiftkef;azonf armifpH&Sm;ESifY uRefawmfwdkYaexkdif&m vrf;40&Sd
wdkufcef;odkY a&mufvmcJYí
az/ / ]tDpreftifawmY rdaejyD q&ma&U}
&S m;/ / ]ypönf;awGaum jyef&&JYvm;}
az/ / ]ypönf;awmY rygbl;q&m? vludkomawGYw,f}
a&TOa'gif;
&S m;/ / ]b,frSmoGm;awGYovJ}

az/ / ]29vrf;rSm *syefawGwdkufcef;iSm;jyD; vlwpfa,mufudk wpfntdyf&if wpfusyfqdkjyD; iSm;wm&Sdygavaum?
tJ'Dtdyfcef;rSm oGm;awGYw,f q&m? uRefawmfwdkU a&mufoGm;awmY tDpreftifu rl;vdkY vlrSef;awmif
aumif;aumif;rodao;vdkY q&m0efvuf tyfcJY&w,f}
&S m;/ / ]awGYyHkudk tpu pjyD;ajymprf;ygOD;Asm}
az/ / ]onfvdkq&m&JY/ wdkufcef;iSm;wJY *syefu olUvludkw,fjyD; rouFmavawmY rdk;vif;vif;csif; Xmemudk
w,fvDzkef;qufjyD wdkifcsufay;vdkufw,f? 'gESifY uRefawmfwdkYvdkufoGm;awmY bom;u tdyf&muawmif rxEdkifbl;?
rl;aewmudk; q&m? b,fvdkEId;vdkYrS r&bl;? 'geJY uRefawmfu t&ufrl;wm[kwfygavpvdkY q&m0efac:jyawmY
onfvl[m t&ufrl;wm r[kwfbl;? tqdyfrdjyD; aew,fvdkY ajymw,f q&m? 'gESifY um;ay:ayGYwifjyD; Xmem
ac:oGm;&w,f q&m}
&S m;/ / ]vufqGJom;a&tdwfawmY rawGYbl;aygY}
az/ / ]rawGYbl; q&m}
&S m;/ / ]b,fyHka&mufvmw,f ajymovJ}
az/ / ]onfvdkq&m? raeYnu 12em&D ausmfausmfavmufrSm rdef;rESpfa,mufu olUudkwGJac:vmjyD; tdyfcef;wpfcef;
iSm;owJY? iSm;vdkY oHk;a,muftwGuf aiGoHk;usyfudkay;jyD; tcef;xJrSmyJ twltdyfzdkY 0ifoGm;MuowJY? t&ufykvif;
awGvJ ygvmw,fvdkY ajymw,f? em&Djyef wpfcsufausmfausmfavmuf&SdawmY rdef;rESpfa,mufvJ wdkufatmuf
cPvdkvdkESifY qif;oGm;vdkufMuwm wpfcgwnf; ray:vmMubl;wJY? reufusawmYvJ EdI;vdkY r&EdkifwmESifY
uRefawmfwdkYqDudk wdkifcsufay;owJY}
&S m;/ / ]vufqGJom;a&tdwfuawmY nuwnf;u rygvmbl;aygY}
az/ / ]rygbl;wJY q&m}
xdktcg armifpH&Sm;onf aq;wHudkaq;xnfYí rD;ndSjyD;vQif rsufpdrarS;warS;ESifY ½IzGm&if; pOf;pm;ae&mrS ½kwfw&uf
tBuHwpfckay:aygufvmonfY vu©PmESifY xdkif&mrSxjyD;vQif
&S m;/ / ]udkif; udktkef;az? cifAsm; tDpreftifqdkwm usKyfawGYcsifprf;csifw,fAsm/ oGm;MunfYvdkufMuOD;pdkY}
uRefawmfwdkUonf XmemodkY a&mufMuaomtcg q&m0efu tDpreftiftm; tqdyfajyaq;xdk;í ay;xm;ESifYonf
jzpfaomaMumifY tDpreftifrSm oufom&m&jyD;vQif armifpH&Sm;\ ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzqdkEdkifaom tajctaeodkY
a&mufcJUav\/ 4if; tDpreftifrSm r[mar'if ukvm;vlrsdK;wpfa,muf jzpfí toufav;q,fausmf t&G,fcefY&Sdí
4if;\ rsufESmrSm ½dk;om;ajzmifYrwfonfY vu©Pm &Sdav\/ armifpH&Sm;onf 4if;tm; ar;cGef;rsm; xkwfojzifY
xGufqdkonfrSm
tDpreftifonf pdefbmbl cdkif;aponfY twdkif; aiG 5000 usyfrQ tzdk;xdkufaom ausmufoHywåjrm;
vuf0wfvufpm;wdkYudk vufqGJom;a&tdwfi,fwGif xnfYjyD;vQif armfawmfum;wpfpD;ESifY rifwdkrif&Sif[dkw,fodkY
oGm;a&mufaMumif;? [dkw,fodkYa&mufaom tcg rpöufa':qif &Sdygoavm [k refae*smtm; ar;jref;&m
refae*smonf bdGKifukvm;wpfa,mufudk rpöufa':qif tcef;odkY vdkufíjyapaMumif;? tdyfcef;ESifY wGJvsuf&Sdaom
{nfYcef;uav;wpfckwGif rpöufa':qifESifY awGYí om;a&tdwfudk pm;yGJ0dkif;uav;ay:odkY wifjyD;vQif pdefxnfrsm;udk
wpfckpD wpfckpD xkwfíjyaMumif;/
,if;odkUjyvsuf&SdpOf rpöufa':qifonf jrvufpGyfwpfuGif;udk udkifwG,fMunfY½I&mrS jrvufpGyfonf vufrS vGwfí
Murf;ay:odkY usoGm;aMumif;? xdktcg tDpreftifonf jrvufpGyfudk Murf;ay:rS ikHUíaumufvsuf&SdpOf qdkzmwpfck\
atmufrS arT;MudKifaom taiGUtoufrsm;onf rdrd\rsufESmodkY wnfYwnfYyef;í xGufvmonf[k xifvdkufonfESifY

wpfjydKifeuf xHkusifqdkif;wGí oGm;jyD;vQif ajcvuft*FgwdkYonf rvIyf&Sm;Edkifatmif &SdaecJYaMumif;? aemufwpfcPü
tcef;onf csmvywfvnfí oGm;jyD;vQif rdrdrSm Murf;ay:odkYvJoGm;pOf wpfpHkwpfa,mufaom olonf rdrd\
vufajcwdkYudk wkwfaESmifí Murf;ay:wpfavQmuf w&GwfqGJí ,loGm;onf[k rSwfxif&jyD;onfESifY wpfjydKifeuf
owdarYavsmY rl;a0í oGm;cJYaMumif;? owd&vmojzifY rsufpdrsm;udkzGifYí MunfYvdkufaomtcg rdrdra&mufbl;aom
tcef;wpfcef;twGif;ü q&m0efwpfa,mufonf rdrdtm; prf;oyfMunfY½Ivsuf&Sdonfudk awGY&Sd&aMumif;
ajzqdkav\/
4if;aemuf uRefawmfwdkYonf XmemrS xGufvmMu&m vrf;c&D;wGif
&S m;/ / ]b,fES,fYvnf; udktkef;az? tDpreftif xGufcsufudk cifAsm; b,fUES,fU oabm&ovJ}
az/ / ]nmwmaygY q&m? b,fYES,fY [kwfEdkifrvJ/ [dkw,fu xGufoGm;wmudk refae*smuvnf; jrifvdkufw,f?
'&0rfukvm;uvnf; jrifvdkufw,f? ukvm;aysmfyGJpm;½Hk a&mufawmYvnf; qdkif&Sifu olYudk rSwfrdw,f/
onfavmufxif&Sm;aevsufESifY olajymwJYpum;udk bm,HkEdkifrSmvJ q&m}
&S m;/ / ]tDpreftifajymwmawGu trSefcsnf;yJ udktkef;az&JY}
az/ / ]'gjzifY refae*smwdkUu jrifvdkufw,fqdkwmawG b,fES,fYvkyfrvJ q&m? nmjyD;ajymwmvm;}
&S m;/ / ]nmwmr[kwfbl;Asm? olwdkYajymwmvJ trSefyJ}
az/ / ][m b,fES,fY[mvJ q&m}
&S m;/ / ]olwdkYjrifvdkufw,fqdkwmu tDpreftif tppfr[kwfbkl;As? tDpreftif twkyJ}
az/ / (twefMumatmif pdkufai;awG;awmaejyD;rS) ]aMomf [kwfvdrfYr,f q&ma&U? 'gjzifY {uEå a';ApfwdkY
vlpkvufcsufyJESifYwlw,f}
&S m;/ / ]tppfaygY udktkef;az}
az/ / ]'gjzifY b,fYES,fYvkyfygYr,f q&m? [dkw,fu rpöufa':qifudk oGm;jyD;zrf;rS xifw,f}
&S m;/ / ]zrf;vdkUaum cifAsm; bmawGYrvJAsm? pdefxnfawGvnf; awGYrSmr[kwfbl;? tckavmuf&Sd&if vlawmifrS
awGYawmYr,fvdkY usKyfrxifbl;}
az/ / ]*GusukefygjyD q&m? b,fYES,fYvkyf&ygYr,f}
&S m;/ / ]nu uvyfrSmawGYvdkY zrf;csKyfxm;wJY bdk;ausmfawmY &Sdao;w,f r[kwfvm;}
az/ / ]aMomf [kwfw,fq&ma&U? 'Dtaumif[m olwdkY toif;om;ESifYyJwlw,f? 'Dtaumifudk ½kdufjyD;ppf&&ifjzifY
ay:vdrfYr,f xifw,f}
&S m;/ / ]a';Apfu awmfawmfyg;wJY taumifAs? bdk;ausmfudk b,fvdkppfaomfvJ a';ApfqDa&mufatmif ay:rSm
r[kwfbl;? odkYaomf pdwfrylygeJYAsm? usKyfrdatmif BuHjyD;ay;ygYr,f? usKyftvkyfwdkufudkom cifAsm;vdkufcJYyg}
uRefawmfwdkUonf yef;qdk;wef;vrf;&Sd armifpH&Sm;\ tvkyfwdkufodkY xGufvmMuí pm;yGJü xdkifrdMuaomtcg

&S m;/ / ]tDpreftif udk,fpm;vkyfwJYvl b,folvJAsdKY udktkef;az? cifAsm; &dyfrd&JYvm;}
az/ / ]r&dyfrdbl; q&m}
&S m;/ / ]nuusKyfwdkYzrf;xm;wJY bdk;ausmfaygY}
a&TOa'gif;
az/ /][kwfw,f q&ma&U vlvHk;vlxnfawmY wlw,f? 'gYxuf q&m b,fES,fYaMumifY odEdkifovJ q&m}
&S m;/ /]w½kwfuvyfrSm zrf;rdwkef;u bdk;ausmfrSm pGyfus,ftusÐav;eJY zrf;rdw,f r[kwfvm;? tJ'gbmaMumifYvJ}
az/ /][kwfvdrfYr,f q&ma&? tDpreftif t0wfawG0wfjyD; tDpreftif ta,mifaqmifxm;avawmY ta&;&SdwJY
tcgrSm 'gawG cRwfcGmjyD;ypfae&wmudk; q&m&JY? 'gaMumifY armifrif;MuD;om; pGyfus,ftusÐav;eJY rdxm;wmudk;}
&S m;/ / ]tppfyJ}
az/ / ]'gjzifY awmfjyD q&ma&U? 'Dtaumifudkay:atmifppf&rSmyJ}
&S m;/ / ]ay:atmifppfvdkY r&bl;As? onftaumifudk vTwfypf&vdrfYr,f}
az/ / (tHYMovsuf) ]q&m}
&S m;/ / ]ig;MuD;rdcsifawmY ig;tao;av;eJY axmifzrf;&w,f r[kwfvm;Asm? onfawmY usKyfwdkYrSm a';Apfudk

rdcsif&if bdk;ausmfESifY axmifzrf;Mu&vdrfYr,f? onfawmY bdk;ausmfudk vTwfypfvdkufAsm/ vTwfypfvdkufjyD; ESpfa,muf
oHk;a,mufavmuf t&yf0wf t&yfpm;ESifY olYaemufu trSwfwrJY vdkufayap? {uEå bdk;ausmf[m olYq&m a';ApfeJY
wpfae&mrSm awGYqHkMuawmYrSmyJ? onftcgMuawmY a';ApfaewJYae& usKyfwdkY od&a&m r[kwfvm;? odkYaomfvnf;
bdk;ausmfaemufu vdkufr,fY ykvdyfawGudk owdxm;jyD; a&G;Asaemf? tifrwef yg;Edkif eyfEdkifrS awmfum usvdrfYr,f}
az/ / ]pdwfcsyg q&m}
¤if;aemuf armiftkef;azonf armifpH&Sm;\ pDrHcsuftwkdif; vkdufemaqmif&Guf&ef XmemokdY xGufoGm;av&m
em&D0ufcefYtwGif;wGif wpfzefjyefí vmav\/
&S m;/ /]b,fhES,fvJAsm? udpöNyD;cJhNyDvm;}

az/ /]NyD;cJhygNyD q&m}
&S m;/ /]aeOD;AsdKU udktkef;az? onfenf;uawmhjzifh [kwfNyD? okdYaomf axmifNyD;zrf;w,fqkdwm ykdufuGefrsm;EkdiforQ
rsm;&if aumif;wmyJ ? onfhjyifwpfenf;vJ BuHMuOD;pdkUAsm}
az/ /]qkdprf;ygOD;q&m}
&S m;/ /]onfvkdAs? a';ApfqkdwJh taumifu avmurSm tmomrjzwfEdkifavmufatmif tpGJtvrf;BuD;wm
ESpfck&Sdw,fvdkY usKyf Mum;zl;w,f}
az/ /]bmrsm;vJ q&m}
&S m;/ /]rdef;r acsmacsmvSvSu wpfck? ywåjrm;t&nfaumif;aumif;u wpfck? onfESpfckudk oljrif&&if irf;irf;wuf
jzpfwwfw,fvkdY Mum;w,f? onfawmh usKyfu 'DvkdBuHw,f? roef;jrifhuav;udk ywåjrm;ausmuf t&nf
aumif;aumif;wpfck &SmtyfNyD; ckd;&myg ypönf;vkdvkdvkyfNyD; a&mif;csifwJhoabmESifh olwkdYvlpk oGm;vmwwfwJh
aysmfyGJpm;½Hkudk vTwf&&if wpfa,mufa,mufu roef;jrifhudk a';ApfESifhawGUatmif qG,fNyD;ay;vdrfhr,f xifw,f}
az/ /(rsufESmrsm;ysufvsuf) ][m rawmfwmyJ q&m&,f? onftaumifawGu qdk;u qkd;ygbdoESifh? usm;cHwGif;
xJukd ,kefoli,fvTwf&ovkd jzpfaeawmhrSmaygh q&m&JU}
&S m;/ /]usKyfwkdY &Sdao;wmuyJAsm? usKyfwkdYu reD;ra0;uapmifhNyD; taMumif;&Sdw,fqkd&if jzKef;ceJ 0ifNyD; ulnDEkdif
wmyJ? roef;jrifhuvJ omrn rdef;uav; r[kwfygbl;Asm? owådAswdåESifh vmwJh rdef;uav;? ta&;qkd&if wu,fudk
pdwfcsavmufygw,f}
az/ /]q&mhpum; ry,f0HhvkdYom vkdufem&awmhr,f q&m&,f? uRefawmfjzifh roef;jrifhtwGuf tifrwef pkd;&drfwmyJ}
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf roef;jrifhudk ac:í tusdK;taMumif;ajymjy&m roef;jrifhrSm armifpH&Sm;\ tBuHtpnfudk

uRefawmfwkdY arQmfvifhonfxufykdrkdí pdwftm;xufoefpGm vdkufemaqmif&Guf&ef oabmwlnDav\/ xkdYaemuf
armifpH&Sm;u roef;jrifhtm; a';Apf\wynfhrsm;ESifh awGUonfhtcg tvGeftrif;vkdufavsmpGm rjyKvkyfbJ
vlrodapcsifonfh vu©Pmay:aygufatmif [efaqmif&rnfhtaMumif;? wpfa,mufa,mufESifh awGUaomtcg
rdrdüygaom ywåjrm;udk erlemjyí ¤if;ywåjrm;rsdK; tajrmuftjrm;udk wdwfwqdwfvQdKU0Sufa&mif;csvkdaMumif;udk
bGif;bGif;BuD;r[kwfbJ apmif;yg;&dyfajcoabmrsdK;ESifh ajym&rnfjzpfaMumif;? tu,fí xkdolu a';ApfxH
ac:oGm;cJhvQif ½kwfw&uf rvdkufygao;bJ rouFma,mifaqmifNyD;rS vkdufyg&rnfjzpfaMumif;rsm;ESifh rSmxm;
oGefoifav\/
¤if;aeYnaeü armifpH&Sm;onf ywåjrm;ausmufwpfvHk;udk roef;jrifhokdY ay;tyfí ¤if;udk,fwkdif
armfawmfum;armif;orm; '½kdifbma,mifaqmifNyD;vQif roef;jrifhudk um;ay:rSwifí ukvm;aysmfyGJpm;½HkodkY
ac:oGm;&m uRefawmfESifharmiftkef;azwkdYvnf; rvSrf;rurf;rS um;wpfpD;ESifh vkdufygoGm;Muav\/
wpfem&DcefYrQ Mum&Sdaom tcg roef;jrifh xGufvmí armifpH&Sm;\ um;ay:okdYwufNyD;vQif armif;ESifí oGm;Mu&m
uRefawmfwkdYvnf; aemufrSvkdufygoGm;Muav\/ NrdKUudkvSnfhywfum armif;ESifNyD;aemuf tdrfodkYqkdufa&mufaom
tcg roef;jrifhu ajymjyojzifh od&onfrSm qkdifwGif;odkY 0ifoGm;NyD;aemuf em&D0ufcefYrQ Mumatmif vlrsm;\
t&dyftuJudk cwfNyD;vQif pm;p&mrsm;udk wjznf;jznf; rSm,lpm;aomufvsuf &SdaepOf bkdujym;wpfa,mufonf
rdrdteD;okdY vmxkdifí todtuRrf;zGJUaMumif;? ¤if;bkdujym;rSm cyfaxG;axG; cyf½Iyf½Iyf[ef vu©Pm &Sdojzifh 15 rdepf
cefU pum;ajymrdMuaomtcg roef;jrifhu armifpH&Sm; rSmvkdufonfhtwkdif;ajymjyí erlem ywåjrm;ausmufudk xkwfí
jyaMumif;? bkdujym;onf rdrdtm; tuJcwfonfhvu©Pmjzifh ajcqHk;acgif;qHk;Munfhí pum;tenf;i,f
wD;acgufprf;oyfNyD;vQif ¤if;ywåjrm;rsdK;udk rdrdudk,fwkdif r0,fEkdifaomfvnf; 0,fEkdifol &[l'DvlrsdK;wpfa,mufESifh
qufoG,fí ay;EkdifaMumif;? okdYjzpfí reufjzefn 8 em&DtcsdefcefYwGif þqkdifokdY vma&mufEkdifu ¤if;&[l'DvlrsdK;xH
ac:aqmifoGm;Ekdifonf[k ajymvkdufaMumif;rsm;ESifh jyefíajymav\/
aemufwpfaeYn 8 em&Dxkd;onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf armifpH&Sm;onf roef;jrifhtm; ta&;&Sdu toHk;jyKEkdif&ef
ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewfwpfvufudk ay;tyfNyD;vQif ,refnenf;wl aysmfyGJpm;½HkodkY oGm;a&mufMuav\/
aysmfyGJpm;½HkokdY qkdufa&mufMuaomtcg bkdujym;wpfa,mufonf wkdufayguf0rS rwfwyf&yfum vrf;udk
arQmfMunfhvsuf&Sd&m armifpH&Sm;\um; qkdufa&muf roef;jrifhonf um;ay:rSqif;onfESifhwpfNydKifeuf bkdujym;onf
rdrdiSm;&rf;íxm;aom um;wpfpD;ay:okdY roef;jrifhudk ac:NyD;aemuf um;onf armif;ESifoGm;av\/ ¤if;um;\
reD;ra0;rS rsufajcrjywfatmif uRefawmfwkdYum;u vdkufí uRefawmfwkdYum;\aemufrS armifpH&Sm;\ um;onf
vkdufygvmcJhav\/ 17 vrf;&Sdwpfckaom wkdufa&SUodkY qkdufa&mufMuavvQif roef;jrifhwkdYum;onf
&yfwefUNyD;aemuf bkdujym;onf um;ay:rSqif;í wkdufwHcg;udk acgufvsuf &Sd&m uRefawmfwkdY\ um;ESifh
armifpH&Sm;\um;wkdYvnf; ¤if;wkdufudkausmfvGefí armif;ESifoGm;Muav\/
uRefawmfwkdYonf tu,fí um;udk&yfwefYNyD;vQif xkdvrf;twkdif; jyefíavQmufvmcJhygu ouFmruif;zG,f
jzpfrnfudk pkd;&drf&onfjzpfí qufvufarmif;ESifNyD;vQif urf;em;bufrS vSnfhí 18 vrf;okdYcsdK;0ifNyD;aemuf
'gv[kdZDvrf;ay:ü um;rsm;udk &yfxm;cJhNyD;rS 17 vrf;odkYwpfzef 0ifvmcJhMujyefav\/
a&TOa'gif;
xkdtcgürlum; ,cifu wkdufa&SUü roef;jrifhESifh bkdujym;wkdY r&SdawmhonfYjyif ¤if;wkdYpD;vmaom um;rSmvnf;

jyefívTwfvkdufcJhavNyD/
armiftkef;azonf vrf;apmifhykvdyfrsm;tm; vrf;xdyfrS apmifhqkdif;í c&moHMum;&mokdY ajy;vmMu&ef
rSmxm;cJhNyD;jzpfav&m uRefawmfwkdYonf roef;jrifhwkdY 0ifoGm;aom wkduf\teD;&Sd ajr&mvyfwpfckrS
acsmif;ajrmif;apmifhqkdif;um &SdaeMuav\/ tu,fí roef;jrifhü ab;Oyg'ftEÅ&m,fwpfpHkwpf&mESifh
awGUBuHKcJhonfjzpfap? a';Apfudkzrf;qD;&ef tcsufaumif;awGUcJhonfjzpfap? roef;jrifhu aoewfwpfcsuf
ypfazmufí tcsdef;tcsufay;&efudkvnf; armifpH&Sm;u rSmxm;vkdufNyD;jzpfavonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf arSmifrkdufaom axmifhwpfckrS acsmif;ajrmif;apmifhqkdif;aeMuojzifh em&D0ufcefYrQ &Sdavaomfvnf;
wpfpHkwpf&mrS rxl;jcm;bJ qdwfNidrfpGm &SdaeavvQif uRefawmfrSm pkd;&drfonfxuf pkd;&drfruif;jzpfay:í vm&m
armiftkef;azrSmrlum; xcsnfxkdifcsnfjzifh aerxdxkdifrxd &Sdaeav\/
wpfem&DcefYrQ Mumaomtcg tvGefjyif;xefpGm aygufuGJvkdufaom toHBuD;wpfckudk Mum;vkduf&NyD;aemuf
uRefawmfwkdY arQmfMunfh&m wkdufcef;rS xdcdkufemusifojzifh i,foHygatmif atmf[pfaom toHrsm;udk
Mum;Mu&av\/
xkdtcg uRefawmfwkdYonf acsmif;ajrmif;&mrS xNyD;vQif c&mrsm;udk rIwfvsuftoHMum;&m wkdufcef;okdY
ajy;oGm;Muav\/ wkdufwHcg;udk wGef;ízGifhygaomfvnf; ryGifhbJ &SdaevQif uRefawmfwkdYoHk;OD;om;onf
wpfnDwpfnmwnf; t&SdefESifhajy;í wHcg;udkudk,fjzifh tBudrfBudrf wkdufcwfwkd;a0SUí zGifhMuav&m xkdcPü
rdef;rwpfa,muf\ xdwfvefYatmf[pfoHudkMum;&NyD;aemuf Mum;&NyD;aemuf a,mufsm;wpfa,muf\
Ncdrf;ajcmufarmif;rJ qJa&;wkdif;xGm;onfh toHudkMum;Mu&jyefav&m uRefawmfwkdYonf a&S;uxufcGeftm;xkwfí
ajy;0ifwGef;wkdufMuonfwGif wHcg;onf usdK;xGufoGm;av\/ xkdtcgum; vrf;apmifhykvdyfwkdYonf
uRefawmfwkdY\aemufrS a&mufvmMuNyDjzpf&m uRefawmfwkdYonf wHcg;yGifhonfESifhwpfNydKifeuf wkdufwGif;okdY
ajy;0ifoGm;Muí ykvdyfwkdYvnf; aemufrS vkdufvmMuav\/
wkdufwpfxyfrS ESpfxyf? ESpfxyfrS oHk;xyfodkY wufrdí tay:qHk;wkdufxyf tcef;wHcg;udk wGef;csdK;NyD;aemuf
twGif;okdY 0ifrdaomtcg uRefawmfwkdYrSm wpfpHkwpf&mudk awGUjrif&awmhacsrnf[k ajrmfvifhygaomfvnf;
tcef;wGif;ü wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ r&SdbJ wdwfqdwfom &SdaeonfudkomvQif awGUjrif&av\/ xkdtcg
uRefawmfwkdYonf tdyfcef; a&tdrfcef; pm;yGJatmuf tp&SdonfwkdYü vsifjrefpGm vSefavSm&SmazGMuygaomfvnf;
wpfOD;wpfa,mufudkrQ rawGUbJ &SdcJh&m armifpH&Sm;onf wpfckaomAD½kdukd uefaMumufzGifhvSpfvkdufonfwGif
AD½kdtwGif;bufrS tjcm;buftcef;odkY ul;Edkifaom taygufwpfckudk awGU&SdMu&av\/ xkdtcg uRefawmfwkdYonf
¤if;rS jzwfí tjcm;buftcef;odkY wpfpkwpf½Hk;wnf; ul;oGm;Muojzifh vltm;vHk;wkdY qkdufa&mufMuonfESifh
wpfNydKifeuf trkd;ay:okdY wufaom avSum;xufrS nnf;nLoHudk Mum;Mu&av\/ xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;ESifh
armiftkef;azwkdYu ajcmufvHk;jyL;udk,fpDESifh a&SUqHk;rS wufrnfjyKMuonfESihf wpfNydKifeuf uRefawmfwkdY\
rsufESmrsm;udk tvGefw&m vif;xdefvSpGmaom "mwfrD;a&mif ½kwfw&ufxkd;NyD;aemuf t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh ..
]wpfvSrf;rwufESifhaemf? wufcJhvQif aumifruav; vnfyif;jywfoGm;r,f Mum;vm;}

[k Ncdrf;ajcmufajymqkdoHudk Mum;Mu&av\/
xkdtcgürlum; a&SUrSwufMuaom armiftkef;azESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdYrSm oli,frtwGuf pkd;&drfvSonfjzpfí

ZGwftwif;0ifa&mufjcif;iSm r0HhMubJ wefY&yfum &SdaeonfwGif wpfpHkwpfckaom t&m0w¬Kudk avSum;rS '&GwfqGJí
wufaebdouJhodkYaom toHudkMum;&í vufESdyf"mwfrD;onfvnf; tay:okdY wa&GUa&GUwufav\/ armifpH&Sm;ESihf
armiftkef;azwkdYrSm ajcmufvHk;jyL;rsm;udk udkifxm;MuonfrSefaomfvnf; rD;a&mifxkd;&modkY &rf;qí ypfcwfcJhygrl

oli,frudk rSefrnf pkd;&ojzifh ai;vsufomvQif MunfhaeMu&av\/
xkdolonf avSum;\tqHk;okdY a&mufvkNyDjzpfí trkd;ay:odkYwufrdcJhvQif wHcg;udk ydwfvdkufu uRefawmfwkdY
vdkufEdkif&ef vrf;r&Sdawmhonfjzpfí rnfokdYjyK&rnfudk rodbJ tusyftwnf;ESifhawGUBuHKvsuf &Sd&mwGif roef;jrifh\
toHjzifhr[kwfbJ tjcm;rdef;rwpfa,muf\ toHjzifh ..
]ac:cJhOD;? eifhr,m;i,f? acsmif;aewm MumvSNyD? ckrS igrdw,f}

[k tvGefw&m trsufBuD;aom toHjzifh [pfatmfajymqkdNyD;aemuf av;vHaom t&m0w¬KwpfckESifh jyif;xefpGm
½kdufESufvkdufonfudk Mum;vkduf&onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf uRefawmfwkdY\ rsufESmodkY xkd;xm;aom vufESdyf"mwfrD;onf
vGwfusum avSum;rSvnf; vlrsm; 'vdrfhaumufauG; avsmusvmonfh toHrsm;udk Mum;Mu&av\/
usvmolrsm;teuf wpfOD;rSm a';Apfjzpfí wpfOD;rSm roef;jrifhjzpfavonf/ armiftkef;azonf roef;jrifhudk
zrf;,layGUcsDvsuf ykvdyfwkdYvnf; a';Apfudk csKyfaESmifMuav\/ armifpH&Sm;rSmrl wkdufrkd;ay:odkYwufí
jyefqif;vmaom tcgü Zm0DwkwfBuD;wpfacsmif;udk udkifxm;aom &[l'Dukvm;rwpfa,muf ygvmonfudk
awGU&SdMu&av\/ ¤if;ukvm;rrSm a';Apf\r,m;yif jzpfavonf/
a';ApfrSmrl OD;acgif;wGif 'Pf&mtBuD;tus,fESifh awGU&Sd&í ¤if;\t0wftwGif;üum; ckd;&mygypönf;jzpfaom
ausmufoHywåjrm;tajrmuftrsm;wkdYudk awGU&av\/ roef;jrifhrSmrl aq;aiGUrdonfh vu©PmESifh rl;arhvsuf&Sd&m
owd&í vmaomtcgü armiftkef;azonf ¤if;\vufuav;udk udkifum
]jzpf&av ESr&,f? onfvkdjzpfr,fvkdYrsm; tpu odcJhvkdY&Sd&if q&m pdwfqkd;csifqkd; ? usKyf rcdkif;&ufygbl;Asm}

[k nnf;wGm;ajymqkdvsuf&Sdonfudk Mum;&ojzihf uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdYrSm wpfa,muf\rsufESmudk
wpfa,mufMunfhum NyHK;&,frdMuavownf;/ /
NyD;ygNyD/
______
a&TOa'gif;
15/ udk,hfudk,fudk owfaoonfqkdonfh trIü pHkaxmufjcif;

rkd;Owk&moD wpfckaom we*FaEGü rkd;onf r&yfrpJpJ wzGJzGJ &Gmvsuf&Sdojzifh uRefawmfESifh rdwfaqG armifpH&Sm;
wkdYonf tcgwkdif;uJhodkY NrdKUay:ü vnfywfjcif; rjyKEkdifbJ wkdufcef;twGif;ü aq;jyif;vdyfrsm;udk wpfvdyfNyD;vQif
wpfvdyfaomuf½SLvsuf a&S;tcgu armifpH&Sm;pHkaxmufcJh&onfh trItcif;rsm;taMumif;ESifh pyfvsOf;í
r*¾Zif;rsm;wGif uRefawmfa&;om;xnfhoGif;cJhonf rsm;udk rnfonfhtcsufü vkdonf? rnfonfhtcsufü ydkonf
tp&Sdonfjzifh armifpH&Sm;u tjypftemtqm &Smí ajymqkdaomtcg uRefawmfrSm ¤if;udk,fwkdif pHkaxmufjcif;
tvkyfudpöü csD;rGrf;avmufonf rSefaomfvnf; uRefawmf a&;om;azmfjyaomaMumifhomvQif ¤if;ü omí emrnf
ausmfMum;cJhonf jzpfaomaMumihf ,if;uJhodkY jypfwifuJh&JUjcif;udk pdwfemonf jzpfí
uRefawmf/ /]'gjzifhvJ cifAsm;[m cifAsm; a&;ygawmhvm;Asm? bmjyKvkdY uRefawmfhudk a&;apao;ovJ}
&S m;/ /]pdwfrwkdygESifh udkodef;armif? usKyf ajymwmu 'Dvkdyg? cifAsm; tckwavm a&;yHku 0w¬KoGm;cyfqefqef
a&;aeavawmh zwfvkdYawmh aumif;yg&JU? okdYaomfvJ usKyf qifjcifpOf;pm;yHkawGudk uGufuGufuGif;uGif;BuD; ay:zkdY
enf;enf;vkdao;w,f xifvkdY ajymygw,f Asm}
uRefawmf/ /]'Dhjyifawmh ra&;wwfbl; q&mBuD;? uRefawmfa&;yHkudk tm;r&vkdY &Sd&if cifAsm; udk,fwkdifyJ BuHayawmh }
&S m;/ /(uRefawmf\ ykcHk;udk ykwfvsuf ) ]ajymvkdYom ajym&ygw,fAsm? usKyfudk,fwkdif a&;&r,fqkd&ifvJ cifAsm;vkd
Zmwfvrf;r&TifbJ odyfeufeJNyD; ajcmufuyfuyf jzpfcsifvJ jzpfaerSm ? odkYaomfvJ vufpGrf;udk od&atmif wpfaeYawmh
prf;MunfhOD;rayghAsm}
xkdcPü w,fvDzkef;rS EdI;pufay;ojzifh armifpH&Sm;onf w,fvDzkef;udk aumuf,lem;axmifí tjyeftvSef
pum;ajymqkdMuNyD;aemuf ukvm;xkdifodkY wpfzefxkdifNyD;vQif
&S m;/ /]udkif; udkodef;armif? cifAsm;a&;p&m trIwpfckawmh ay:vmjyefNyD xifw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]bmrIvJAsm b,fuvJ}
&S m;/ /],lEkdufwuf touftmrcH ukrÜPDrSm refae*sm vkyfwJh rpöwmbmuav;u 'DuaeY nae ta&;BuD;wJh
udpöwpfcktwGufESifh wkdifyifp&m&SdvkdY rifwkdrif&Sif[kdw,fudk cifAsm;a&m usKyfyg npmpm; vmygwJhAs? b,fhES,fvJ
cifAsm; vkdufEkdifyghrvm;? 'Dhjyif csdef;xm;wJh udpörsm; &Sdaeao;ovm;}
uRefawmf/ /]udpöuav;wpfckawmh &SdwmyJAsm? okdYaomfvJ ta&;rBuD;vSygbl;? trIESifh ywfoufvkdY ac:wmjzifh
uRefawmfvJ vkdufygr,f}
xkdaeUn 7 em&D tcsdefcefYwGif uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdYonf t0wfrsm;vJvS,fMuNyD;aemuf rifwkdrif&Sif
[kdw,fodkY oGm;a&mufMu&m rpfpwm bmuav;rSm a&mufESifhaeNyD; jzpfojzifh tcefYoifhyif awGUqHkMuav\/
rpfpwmbmuav;onf tenf;i,f pdwf½IyfaxG;aom trlt&mESifh uRefawmfwkdYtm; EIwfcGef;qufoNyD;aemuf
pm;yGJcef;ü xkdifrdMuonfwGif
&S m;/ /]b,fvkdudpövJ rpfpwmbmuav;}
av;/ /]touftmrcH trIESifh ywfoufw,f armifpH&Sm;? okdYaomf npmudk yxrpm;MuOD;pdkY ? pm;NyD;rSyJ
at;at;aq;aq; wkdifyifprf;yg&ap}
&S m;/ /]pm;zkdYtvkyfudk yxrvkyf&r,f qkd&ifvJ uRefawmfuawmh OD;rav;ygbl;? r[kwfbl;vm; udkodef;armif}
uRefawmf/ /]"mwfodcsif;yJAsm}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwkdYonf Oa&mywkdufom; xHk;pHtwkdif; aumif;pGm wnfcif;auR;arG;aom pm;p&mrsm;udk

Nrdef&SufpGm pm;aomufMuNyD;aemuf aq;jyif;vdyf udk,fpDñSdvsuf pnf;pdrf&Sdaom Budrfukvm;xkdifBuD;rsm; ay:ü
ajymif;a&TUí xkdifrdMuaomtcg
av;/ /]trIuawmh aiGig;axmifrIrkdYvkdY rsm;rsm;pm;pm;awmh r[kwfbl;armif? odkYaomf aiGig;axmifxuf ukrÜPD
emrnf ysufrSmu omNyD; ta&;BuD;aew,f}
&S m;/ /]tpu ajymygAsm}
av;/ /]uREkfyfxifjrifcsuf rSmawmh 'DtrI[m udk,fhudk,fudk owfwJh trIppfpifyJ armifpH&Sm;}
&S m;/ /]b,folvJAsmh b,folowfwmvJ}
av;/ /]yJcl;u &mZ0wf0efuav; armifbaomif;av}
&S m;/ /]aMomf owif;pmxJrawmh awGUvkdufrdoAsdKU? rdef;r&wmvJ rMumao;bl; qkdw,f rSwfw,f? b,fvkd
taMumif;aMumifh ukd,fhudk,fudk owfwmwJhvJAsm}
av;/ /]aiGrIaygh armifpH&Sm;? armifbaomif;u jrif;yGJuav;vJ 0goemygw,fqkd xifyg&JU? paetywfwkdif;vJ
&efukef vmvmNyD; jrif;avmif;avawmh awmfawmfyJ ½IH;w,fvkdY Mum;w,f? raocif wpfvavmufuyJ olUtouf
tmrcH ay:vpDudk taygifjyKNyD; uREfkyfwkdYukrÜPDu aiGacs;zkdY pma&;xm;ao;w,f}
&S m;/ /]olao&if olUtouf twGuf tmrcHaiGudk b,folUay;zkdY rSmxm;ovJ}
av;/ /]olUr,m;udk ay;zkdU ay:vpDrSm jyxm;w,f? olUr,m;uvJ armifpH&Sm;odwJhtwkdif; udk,fhudk,fudk
owfNyD;aow,f qkd&if uREfkyfwkdY ukrÜPDxHrS aiGig;axmif r&rSm pdk;avawmh b,fenf;ESifhrS udk,fhudk,fukd
owfaowm r[kwfEkdifbl;vkdY ajymaew,f armifpH&Sm;&JU}
&S m;/ /(twefi,f pOf;pm; pdwful;NyD;aemuf) ]cifAsm; xifjrifcsufu armifbaomif;[m ta<u;awGrsm;wJh twGuf
pdwfnpfNyD; udk,fhukd,fudk aoewfESifh ypfowfw,f? ypfowfpOftcguvJ ,if;odkY jyKjcif;tm;jzihf
touftmrcHukrÜPDu olUr,m; aiGig;axmif r&bl;qkdwm rpOf;pm;rdbl; ? 'Dvkd xifw,fvm;}
av;/ /]uREkfyf odorQrSmawmh armifbaomif;[m vlyg;vleyf wpfa,mufyJ? odkYaomfvJ pdwfnpfvGef;tm;BuD;awmh
jyKrdjyK&m jyKrdwJh twGuf 'Dtcsufudk rpOf;pm;rdbl; xifw,f? tavmif;udk awGUawmh olUtdrf 0if;axmifh teD;
anmifyifBuD;atmufrSm vufsmbufem;xifrSm aoewf'Pf&mESifh awGUw,f? tem;rSmvJ oludkifwJh ajcmufvHk;jyL;
aoewfudk awGUw,f}
&S m;/ /]tJ'gaMumifh ykvdyft&m&Sdrsm;&JU xifjrifcsufuvJ udk,fhudk,fudk owfaojcif; jzpfw,fvkdYyJ xifw,f
r[kwfvm;}
av;/ /]rSefygw,f? ykvdyfuvJ 'DvkdyJ xifw,f? uREkfyfwkdYuvJ 'DvkdyJ xifw,f? odkYaomf armifbaomif;&JU
usef&pfwJh rdef;ru udk,fhudk,fudk owfjcif; r[kwfbl;vkdY aiGig;axmif awmif;cHcJhvkdY &Sd&if uREkfyfwkdY ukrÜPDu
ray;bJ aezkdUvJ tcuf ay;zkdUvJ tcuf jzpfaew,f}
&S m;/ /]b,fhES,faMumifhvJAsm}
av;/ /]ay;jyefvkdY &Sd&ifvJ ukd,fhudk,fudk owfwm rSef&ufESifh 'DaiGudk xkwfay;zkdY&m enf;vrf; pnf;urf; rus&m
a&mufaew,fAs? tu,fí ray;jyefbl; qkd&ifvJ ukrÜPDrSm emrnfysufrSmudkvJ pdk;&drf&w,f? tJ'gaMumifh
uREkfyfwkdYu udk,fhudk,fudk owfaojcif; [kwfr[kwfudk armifpH&Sm; pHkaxmufNyD; xifjrifcsuf ay;apcsifw,f?
uRefkyfwkdY oabmrSmawmh aiGig;axmifudk ay;csifay;&ygap? enf;vrf;usewmudkom tvkd&Sdygw,f? emrnfvJ
rysufcsifygbl;}
a&TOa'gif;
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;rSm þtrIESifh ywfoufí ¤if;udk,fwkdif tawmftwef axmufvSrf; pHkprf;NyD;onfh vu©PmESifh

&S m;/ /]armifbaomif;[m udk,fhudk,fudk owfaow,fvkdY uRefawmf rxifbl; rpfpwm bmuav;? bmaMumifhvJ
qkdawmh olESifhvJ awmfawmfwefwef oduRrf;zl;w,f? 'Dvkd trIrsdK;udk jyKr,fh vlwpfa,muf r[kwfbl;?
'DhjyifwpfcsufuvJ olUr,m;udk tifrwef ESpfoufjrwfEkd;wJh vlwpfa,muf jzpfavawmh a<u;xlvkdY qif;&J&wJh
tay:rSm touftmrcH twGuf aiGig;axmifudkvnf; r&aybl;qkdawmh olUr,m;rSm yifyef;qif;&J jzpf&pfvdrfhr,f
qkdwm rkcs olpOf;pm;rdvdrfhr,f}
av;/ /]cifAsm;[mu awG;csufyJ &Sdao;wmyJ? tjzpftysufudk aoaocsmcsm ppfppfaygufaygufvJ MunfhOD;rSayghAs}
&S m;/ /]MunfhNyDvm;Asm? uRefawmfhavmuf ppfaygufwJh taumif b,frSm &SdOD;rvJ? armifbaomif;\ tavmif;udk
ppfaq;Munfh½IpOftcgu ykvdyft&m&Sdrsm; &Sef;oGm;wJh tcsuf wpfcsuf &Sdw,fAs}
av;/ /]bmvJAsm}
&S m;/ /]aoewfrSefwJh vufsmbufem;xifrSm ta&jym;avmifuRrf;jcif; r&SdwJhtaMumif;ukd xkwfazmfNyD; a&;awmh
a&;w,f? a&;ayr,fh 'Dtcsufudk aumif;aumif;ta&;,lwJh vu©Pm r&Sdbl;}
av;/ /][kwfw,f armifpH&Sm;? 'D[mudk olwkdY ta&;r,lbl;}
&S m;/ /]rpöwmbmuav;vnf; pOf;pm;Munfhav? udk,fhaoewf udk,fudkifNyD; em;xifrSm awhypfcJhvkdY&Sd&if ajymif;0u
xGufwJh,rf;cdk; [m tom;udk avmifuRrf;&rnf r[kwfvm; Asmh? tckawmh avmifuRrf;wJh t&m r&SdbJESifh
armifbaomif;rSm tajcxl;wmu wpfaMumif;? tavmif;teD;rSm oludkifwJh ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewfudk awGUwmu
wpfaMumif;aMumifh udk,fhudk,fudk owfjcif;jzpfw,fvkdY wpfcgwnf; ,HkMunfvdkufMuwmudk; As}
av;/ /]cifAsm;u 'Dvkd r,HkEkdifbl;ayghav}
&S m;/ /]'Dvkdr[kwfEkdifbl;vkdY uRefawmfxifw,f? uRefawmfh xifjrifcsufuawmh armifbaomif;udk wpfpHkwpfa,muf
aomolu owf&r,f? owfaomol[m armifbaomif;onf b,ftcsdefrSm b,fudk oGm;wwfw,ffqkdwm wiful;
odxm;ESifhaom vlwpfa,mufjzpf&r,f? tavmif;teD;ü ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewfudk awGUjcif;onf udk,fhudk,fudk
owfaMumif; rxif&Sm;? ¤if;tm; owfaomolonf rdrd\ ajc&mvuf&mudk olwpfyg;wkdY r&dyfrdEkdifatmif vHkNcHKpGm
zHk;zdEkdifonfh ÓPf&Sdaom olwpfa,muf jzpfaMumif;udkom xif&Sm;w,f vdkY uRefawmf xifygw,f}
av;/ /]cifAsm; ajymyHkawmh armifbaomif;&JU rdef;r rrdef;uav;awmif}
&S m;/ /]'DvkdvJ t&ifpvkd awG;vkdY rawmfbl;? rpöwm bmuav; uRefawmf,ck awG;xifcsufu owif;pmxJrSm
awGUwJhtwkdif; armifbaomif;tavmif;udk vGefcJhwJh we*FaEGwpfywfu eHeufapmapm anmifyifBuD;
atmufrSmawGUw,f ? nOfUOD;,Huawmh olUr,m;ESifh twlwlyJ tdyf&m0ifw,f? vufsmbufem;xifu usnfqH0ifNyD;
vuf0Jbuf usnfqHxGufwJhae&mu ar;½dk;usdK;oGm;w,f ? 'gavmufyJ uRefawmfod&ao;wmudk;? od&orQ
csifhcsdefNyD; ajym&rSmjzifh armifbaomif;[m trSefrkcs udk,fhudk,fudk owfwm r[kwfbl;? olwpfyg;owfvkdY aowm
trSefyJ? tb,fhaMumifhqkdaomf owfaomol[m rnfolrnf0g jzpfw,fqkdwmudk 'DuaeNyD; rcefUrSef;Ekdifao;aybl;As}
xkdtcg rpöwmbmuav;onf aq;jyif;vdyfudk zGmvsuf armifpH&Sm;\ rsufESmudk twefMumatmif pkdufí
MunfhaeNyD;aemuf
av;/ /]armifbaomif;[m udk,hfudk,fudk owfwm r[kwfbl;? olwpfyg; owfjcif; jzpfw,fvkdY xif&Sm;atmif
cifAsm;u oufaocHjyEkdifcJhvkdY&Sd&if uRefkyfwkdY ukrÜPDrSm aiGig;axmifawmhjzifh avsmf&awmhrSmyJ ? odkYaomfvJ uREkfyfwkdY
oabmu xif&Sm;cJhvkdY &Sd&if aiGudk avsmfcsifygw,f? emrnftysufrcHcsifygbl; armifpH&Sm;? 'Dawmhum ukefusorQ
p&dwfudk bDvfvkyfNyD; ydkYvkdufyg? uREkfyfwkdYu tukefay;r,f? wwfEkdifcJhvkdY &Sd&if armifpH&Sm;ukd,fwkdif oGm;NyD;pHkprf;
ppfaq;apvkdygw,f}
&S m;/ /]aumif;ygNyD? uRefawmf wwfEkdiforQ aqmif&Gufyghr,f? b,fhES,fvJAsdKU udkodef;armif vkdufrvm;}

uRefawmf/ /]uRefawmfvJ tckwavm tvkyfyg;yg&JUAsm? vkdufwmaygh}
¤if;aemuf rpöwmbmuav;onf wpfq,fwefpuúLig;csyfudk p&dwfpu twGuf p&HaiGtjzpfjzifh ay;tyfNyD;vQif
uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdYonf rpöwmbmuav;onftm; EIwfqufí [kdw,frS jyefvmcJhMuav\/
aemufwpfaeY eHeufapmapmü uRefawmfESif harmifpH&Sm;wkdUonf rD;&xm;jzifh yJcl;NrdKUodkY vkdufygoGm;MuNyD;vQif
blwm½HkokdY rD;&xm;qkdufonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf XmemodkY oGm;a&mufMuav\/
xkdtcsdefü Xmemtkyfonf tjyifodkY oGm;a&mufckdufjzpfojzifh armifpH&Sm;onf pmoiftm; armifbaomif;\ trIESifh
ywfoufí pHkprf;ar;jref;av&m ¤if;pmoifonf armifpH&Sm;tm; Mum;zl;onf jzpfaomaMumifh armifpH&Sm;
ar;jref;orQudk ½kdaopGm ajzqkdav\/ ta&;rBuD;vSaom ar;cGef;tenf;i,fudk ar;jref;NyD;aemuf
&S m;/ /]aemufxyfbmrsm; owif;xl;ao;vJ}
oif/ /]bmrS rxl;ygbl; q&m}
&S m;/ /]oJvGefpuav;rsm; r&bl;vm;}
oif/ /]r&bl; q&m}
&S m;/ /]ajc&mrsm;aum rawGUbl;vm;}
oif/ /]xifxif&Sm;&Sm; rawGUygbl; q&m? tavmif;em;rSm anmif&GufawGESifh &THUawG ½Iyf&Sufcwfjzpfaeavawmh
ajc&mawGUzkdY tifrwefcJ,Of;ygw,f q&m}
&S m;/ /]rSefw,f? opf&Gufay:rSm ajc&mawGUzkdYawmh tcufom;yJ ? tdrfxJaum 0if&SmMuao;vm;}
oif/ /]tifpydwfawmfawmh 0if&Smw,f q&m? EkdYayr,fh bmqkdifovJ q&m? tavmif;awGUwmu anmifyif
atmufrSm awGUw,f? tdrfxJrSm 0if&SmvkdY bmtusdK; &SdrSmvJ q&m}
&S m;/ /]bmrsm;awGUovJ}
oif/ /]zefuGJwpfck? oHrIdwpfacsmif;ESifh opf&Gufwpf&Gufudk tdrfay: avSum;xdyfrSm awGUowJh q&m}
&S m;/ /(jzwfvwfaom trlt&mESifh) ]tvkd opf&Guf [kwfp? bmopf&GufvJ}
oif/ /]opf&Gufajcmufyg q&m? anmif&Gufajcmufyg? &THUawGESifh vl;vkdY olajcaxmuf oluyfygvmwm? oljyefNyD;
awGUaewm xifyg&JU q&m}
&S m;/ /]olawGUwJh ypönf;awG b,frSm xm;ovJ}
oif/ /]rkefYaowåm tvGwfuav;ESifh xnfhNyD; bD½kdxJrSm xm;w,f q&m}
&S m;/ /]usKyfMunfhcsifw,f? aomhr&Sdbl;vm;}
oif/ /]*wfpma&;qDrSm aomh&Sdw,f q&m? Munfhayr,fh xl;r,fawmh rxifygbl;}
&S m;/ /]oGm;,lcJhprf;ygAsm? usKyf Munfhprf;yg&ap}
wpfcPrQMumvQif pmoifonf rkefYaowåm oHyHk;wpfckudk ,lvmí armifpH&Sm;tm; ay;tyf&m armifpH&Sm;onf
zefuGJESifh oHrIdwkdYudkrl ta&;rBuD;onfh vu©PmESifh z,f&Sm;xm;NyD;aemuf opf&Gufajcmufudkrl aocsmpGm Munfh½Ií
wpfpHkwpfck tBuH&onfhvu©Pmjzifh acgif;ndwfum vnfndwfumjzifh 0rf;omtm;& &SdaecJhav\/ ¤if;aemuf
&S m;/ /]tifpydwfawmfu tavmif;udk oGm;NyD; MunfhwJhtcgrSm cifAsm;ygoGm;ovm;}
a&TOa'gif;
oif/ /]ygoGm;ygw,f q&m}

&S m;/ /]udkif; 'gjzifh usKyfar;wm aoaocsmcsm pOf;pm;NyD; ajzprf;Asm? tifpydwfawmf oGm;pOftcgu tdrfxJudk
t&if0ifovm;? anmifyifatmufudk t&ifoGm;ovm;}
oif/ /]jrif;&xm;ESifh oGm;NyD; &xm;&yf&yfjcif; tdrfay:udk wpfcgwnf; wufoGm;wmyJ q&m}
&S m;/ /]'Dhjyifwpfck ar;OD;r,f? pOf;pm;ajzaemf? tavmif;udk ,lvmNyD;wJhaemuf tdyfay:udk wifao;ovm;?
tdrfatmufrSmyJ xm;ovm;}
oif/ /]tdrfatmufrSmyJ xm;w,f q&m}
&S m;/ /]tdrfay:rSm OD;baomif; vifr,m;tjyif b,folrsm; tdyfao;ovJ]
oif/ /]tapcH armifbkd;OD;u tdrfay:rSm tdyfw,f q&m? tdrfatmufrSmawmh a':ausmhwkdY vifr,m; tdyfw,f}
&S m;/ /]aus;Zl;wifygw,fAsm? usKyf a&mufvmwJh taMumif;udk &yfxJ&GmxJrSm b,folrS rajymESifhaemf}
oif/ /]aumif;ygNyD q&m}
&S m;/ /]OD;baomif;tdrfu vlrsm;udk rajymESifhaemf}
oif/ /]pdwfcsygq&m}
¤if;aeYnaeü uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdYonf armifbaomif;\ aetdrfokdY oGm;a&mufMuav\/ ¤if;rSm
vdyfjymuefBuD;\ teD;ü wnf&Sdí us,f0ef;aom 0if;BuD; twGif;rSm oyf&yfpGm aqmufvkyfxm;&Sdí
aumif;rGefcrf;em;aom tdrfaxmif ypönf;rsm;jzifh om;om;em;em; jyifqifvsuf xm;&Sdav&m uRefawmfwkdYonf
tdrfwGif;okdY 0ifoGm;Muaomtcg armifbaomif;\ ZeD; rrdef;uav;onf uRefawmfwkdYtm; {nfhcef;ü {nfhcHí
pum;ajymqkdvsuf &SdMuav\/
rrdef;uav;rSm touf ESpfq,fhig;ESpfcefUrQ &Sdí ydefydefyg;yg;ESifh oem;urm;&Sdaom rdef;r wpfa,muf jzpfav&m
¤if;\ ½kyfvu©Pmudk axmufcsifhjcif;tm;jzifh txufwef;pm; rdef;rwpfa,muf jzpfí oGufoGufvufvuf
zswfzswfvwfvwf &SdaMumif;udkvnf; xif&Sm;ay\/ uRefawmfwkdYESifh pum;ajymqkdvsuf &SdpOf
Munfvifawmufajymifaom rsufvHk;rsm;udk &Snfvsm;aumhpif;aom rsufawmifwkdYjzifh zHk;tkyfvsuf rsufvTmcsum
pOf;pm;qifjcifum &Sdaeonfh trlt&mudk axmufcsifhjyefaomtcg ¤if;rdef;ronf pOf;pm; qifjcifÓPfESifh jynfhpHkí
rdrd\ pdwfudk csKyfwnf;Ekdifaom trsdK;BuD;rdef;r wpfa,mufjzpfaMumif;udkvnf; xif&Sm;cJhay\/
uRefawmfwkdYtm; ae&mxkdifcif;ay;NyD;aemuf udpöudk ar;jref;aomtcg armifpH&Sm;u uG,fvGefol armifbaomif;ESifh
rdwfaqGBuD; wpfOD; jzpfaMumif;? ¤if; aoqHk;onf[k Mum;&í ykvdyft&m&SdwkdY\ ,lqyHkudk aumif;pGm rauseyfojzifh
vma&muf&jcif; jzpfaMumif;? okdYyif vma&muf&ygaomfvnf; vlwpfOD;wpfa,muf\ pdwfvuf rMunfrom &Sdonfh
tcgwGif ar;vm;jref;vm; pHkprf;vm; vkyf&rnfudk rsm;pGm tm;emvSaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdonfwGif rrdef;uav;u
rdrdtm; tm;rembJ ar;vkdorQudk ar;jref;ajymqkdEkdifygaMumif;? ykvdyft&m&SdwkdY\ xifjrifcsufudk rdrdudk,fwkdifuyif
pdwfrauseyfonf jzpfaomaMumifh? OD;pH&Sm;u [kwfwkdif;rSefpGm ay:aygufapatmif axmufvSrf;pHkprf;Ekdifonf
jzpfygu rsm;pGm aus;Zl;BuD;vSonf jzpfygaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdav\/ xkdtcg
&S m;/ /]rif;uawmfu ,ckvkd ulnDr,f qkdvkdY&Sd&ifjzifh ay:aygufatmif pHkaxmufEkdifzkdY arQmfvifh&ef &Sdygw,f?
'DtrIudpöESifh ywfoufNyD; ta&;BuD;w,f xifwJh tcsuf &SdorQudk ajymjyyg? 'gxuf uRefawmf ar;yg&ap? [kdnu
udkbaomif;[m tdyf&mxNyD; anmifyifatmufudk bmudpö oGm;wmvJ rif;uawmf}
[k ar;aomtcg rrdef;uav;onf ESvHk;rom,mzG,f jzpfaom taMumif;t&mrsm;ukd jyefvnfxkwfazmf

awG;awm&aomaMumifh vnf;aumif;? okdYwnf;r[kwf rdrd\ pum;ü tjypftemtqm yg&Sdrnfudk
pkd;&drfaomaMumifhvnf;aumif; twefMumatmif pOf;pm;pdwful;aeNyD;rS
rdef;/ /]'Dvkdyg&Sif? udkbaomif;u vGefcJhwJh av;ig;vavmuf twGif;rSm jrif;yGJuav; avmif;vkduf bmvkdufESifh
aMu;aiGypönf; qHk;½HI;vkdY pdwfrjidrfrouf &SdwJhtwGuf rtdyfEkdif rpm;EkdifjzpfNyD; wpfcgwpfcg tdyf&mxJ a&mufayr,fh
pdwftkdufwJh vu©PmESifh tdyf&muxNyD; 0if;xJ pBuøavQmufavh &Sdygw,f? uRefrvJ avmif;upm;wJh
tavhtusifhudk pGefYypfzkdY tBudrfBudrfyJ awmif;yefayr,fh r&bl;? uRefru ygwJh ypönf;vJ ukefyga&m? ol&wJh vc
[mvJ tvsifrDw,fvkdYyJ r&SdcJhygbl;&Sif}
&S m;/ /]avmif;upm;wJh tavhtusifh rsdK;qkdwm wpfcgpGJrd&if jzwfEkdifcJwmrkdYvm; rif;uawmf? 'gxuf
udkbaomif;[m tdrf0if;xJrSm vrf;avQmufonfh tcgwkdif; ajcmufvHk;jyL; aqmifavh&Sdovm;}
rdef;/ /]t&ifwpfcg "m;jywpfpkudk zrf;wkef;u "m;jywpfa,muf vGwfoGm;uwnf;u 'Dvl[m olUtoufudk
&ef&Smr,fh vl&,fvkdU owif;&avawmh 'Duwnf;u pNyD; ajcmufvHk;jyL;udk b,fawmhrS rcsbl;&Sifh}
,if;uJhodkY ar;jref; ajzqkdvsuf &SdMupOf armifpH&Sm;onf rrdef;uav;\ rsufESmxm;udk vnf;aumif;? trlt&mudk
vnf;aumif; aphaphMunfhum tuJcwfvsuf &Sd&m ajymqkdaom pum;ESifh ¤if;\ rsufESmxm;onf nDnGwfyg\avm
[lívnf; aocsmpGm tuJcwfvsuf &Sdonfudk uRefawmf awGU&Sd&av\/
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;u xkdtrIü qHk;cef;wkdifatmif pHkaxmufvkdonf jzpfygí trIrNyD;rcsif; uRefawmfwkdY
ESpfa,mufudk xkdtdrfü wnf;cdk&ef cGifhjyKygrnftaMumif;ESifh awmif;yefaomtcg rrdef;uav;onf rnfodkYrQ
jyefrajymbJ rsufvTmcsum pOf;pm; qifjcifvsuf &Sdaeav\/
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;u xkdtrIudk ay:aygufatmif pHkaxmufrnf qkdaomfvnf; aeY&uf&Snf Mumrnf r[kwfbJ
wpf&ufESpf&uf rQomvQif wnf;cdk aexkdifrnf jzpfygaMumif;? rif;uawmfESifh oda[mif;uRrf;a[mif; r[kwfojzifh
,if;uJhodkY wnf;cdk&jcif;udk tm;emvSonf rSefaomfvnf; ta&;BuD;onfh vlowfrIudk pHkaxmuf&onfhtcgü
trIjzpfyGm;onfh aetdrfü aeYa&mnOfUyg wnf;cdk pHkaxmuf&rSomvQif ay:aygufEkdif&ef &SdaMumif;ESifh xyfavmif;í
ajymqkdonfwGifrS rrdef;uav;onf pdwfryghwyg&Sdaom trlt&mESifh uRefawmfwkdY wnf;cdkjcif;udk oabmwlnD
cJhav\/
xkdtcg uRefawmfwkdYonf &efukefrS ,laqmifvmcJhaom vufqGJom;a&tdwfrsm;udk XmemodkYapvTwf
,liifapNyD;aemuf xkdtdrfü wnf;ckd aexkdifcJhMuav&m armifpH&Sm;onf rif;uawmf rrdef;uav;ESifh pum;ajymqkd
vsuf&Sdonfh tcgwkdYü tjcm;pum;wkdYudk ajymqkdvsuf &Sd&mrS tvpfudkaumufí vlowfrItaMumif;udk wpfBudrf
ESpfBudrf ponfjzihf ar;jref;NyD;vQif rrdef;uav;\ rsufESmuJudk cwfvsuf &Sdav\/ okdY&mwGif uRefawmf awGUjrif&
orQrSm rrdef;uav;onf rnfonfhtcgrQ rsufESmysufonfudk rawGUrjrif cJh&acs/
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwkdYonf tavmif;awGU&Sdonf qkdaom ae&mokdY oGm;a&mufMunfh½IMu&m armifpH&Sm;u
tjcm;aom ae&mwkdUü anmif&Gufrsm; r&SdbJ xkd0if;axmifhüomvQif anmif&Gufrsm;&Sdjcif;onf ta&;BuD;aom
tcsufwpfck jzpfaMumif;udk ajymqkdNyD;vQif avScg;xufü tifpydwfawmf awGU&Sdaom anmif&Gufajcmufonf
þt&yfrS vmaom anmif&Gufyif jzpfaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdav\/
xkdnOfUü uRefawmfwkdYonf tdyf&modkY r0ifrD tdrfa&SU0if;twGif;ü yufvufukvm;xkdifrsm;ESifh xkdifaeMuNyD;vQif
armifpH&Sm;onf tapcHrsm;udk wpfa,mufpD ppfaq;vkdonfjzpfí Oyg,fwHrQifjzifh ac:iifNyD;vQif a&S;OD;pGm a':ausmh
vifr,m;udk ppfaq;ar;jref;av\/ ¤if;aemuf armifbdk;OD;udk vufzuf&nfMurf;,lcJh&ef ac:iifNyD;aemuf
armifpH&Sm;onf ¤if;\ 0goemtwkdif; wkduf½kdufppfaq;onfh taersdK;jzifh r[kwfbJ tysif;ajy pum;ajymonfh
taersdK;jzifh prf;oyfaxmufvSrf;vsuf&Sd&m
a&TOa'gif;
&S m;/ /]b,fhES,fvJa[h ighvl? rif;wkdYawmh ocifopf &Sm&jyefawmhr,f rSwfw,f}

OD ;/ /][kwfuJh cifAsm? rif;uawmfu wpfvavmufawmh aeMuygOD;vkdY ajymw,f? wpfvausmfrSyJ olvJ
rdb&yfxHjyefNyD; uRefawmfwkdYvJ tvkyf&SmMuayawmh wJh}
&S m;/ /]tvkyfvkyf&ayr,fh udkbaomif;vkd q&maumif;ESifh vkyf&awmh taeacsmifcsdwmayghuG,f r[kwfbl;vm;}
OD ;/ /]rSefygw,f cifAsm? uRefawmfwkdY q&mu ykdufqHr&Sdayr,fh enf;enf;rS tESajrm r&Sdbl;As? ay;urf;wJh
ae&mrSmvJ tifrwefyJ &ufa&mygw,f}
&S m;/ /]jzpf&avuG,f MunfhygOD;awmh ? wpfoufywfvHk; olckd;awGzrf;? "m;jyawGzrf;ESifh vlqkd;awGESifhcsnf;
ppfwkdufvmcJh&wJh ol[m [kdwkef;uawmh bmrS rjzpfyJESifh ukd,fhtdrfxJrSm at;at;aq;aq; ae&wJh tcgrS
'DvkdvmNyD; jzpf&w,fuG,f}
OD ;/ /]atmifr,f [kdwkef;uvJ bmrS rjzpfbl;vkdY rqkdEkdifbl; q&m&JU? olUnmbufvufrSm }
xkdcPü armifpH&Sm;onf qwfceJ armfMunfhvkdufonf jzpfí armifbkd;OD;onf ajymrnfhpum;udk ½kwfw&uf
rajymbJ &yfwefUvsuf &Sdae&m
&S m;/ /]bmjzpfovJuGJU? nmbufvufrSm bmygovJ}
OD ;/ /][kdwkef;u vlqkd;u vufarmif;udk "m;ESifh tckwfcH&zl;w,f q&m&JU? 'Duwnf;u taMumjywfNyD; nmbuf
vufudk ycHk;txufa&mufatmif rajr§mufEkdifbl;? 'DtaMumif;udk uRefawmfu q&mwynfh t&if;rkdYvkdY odw,f?
uRefawmfuvGJ&if rif;uawmfwpfa,mufyJ odw,fxifw,f? 'gaMumifhrkdY uRefawmfwkdY q&m[m acgif;aygif;awmifrS
b,ftcgrS raygif;bl;? OD;xkyf aqmif;wmESifhyJ NyD;wmyJ? nmbufvuf roefwJh twGuf }
xkdcPü bkd;OD;onf ajymrnfhpum;udk qufvufí rajymbJ wpfpHkwpf&mudk owd&ojzihf xdwfvefUonfh
vu©PmESifh &yfwefUvsuf &Sd&m
&S m;/ /][kwfvm;a[h 'gESifhawmif ..}
[k ajymí pum;rqHk;rDyif tdrfay:rS rrdef;uav;\ toHjzifh ]bkd;OD;a&} [k ac:vkdufojzifh bkd;OD;vnf; tdrfay: oddkY
ysm,D;ysm,m wufajy;av\/
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;u bkd;OD;\ trlt&mudk rouFmp&m jzpfojzifh ¤if;tm; tvpfrcHbJ apmifhMuyf
MunfhoifhaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdNyD;aemuf uRefawmfwkdYonf tdrfay: okdY wufMuav\/
¤if;tdrfBuD;\ tay: xyf üum; tdyfcef;oHk;cef;rQ &Sdav&m vuf0Jbufü &Sdaom tcef;BuD;rSm armifbaomif;
vifr,m; tdyfaom tcef;BuD; jzpfí vuf,mbufürl tcef;ESpfcef;jzpfatmif uefYxm;vsuf aemufaz;bufu
tcef;rSm tapcH bkd;OD; tdyfap\/ tdrfa&SUcef;rSm {nfhonfrsm;twGuf oD;oefYxm;[ef vu©Pm &Sdavonf/
uRefawmfwkdYonf tdrfay: odkY a&mufMuaomtcg rrdef;uav;onf a':ausmhESifh twl tdyfcef;BuD;odkY 0ifoGm;NyD;
jzpfojzifh uRefawmfwkdYrSm uRefawmfwkdYtwGuf jyifqifxm;aom tdyfcef;okdY 0ifMurnf jyKonfwGif tapcHbkd;OD;onf
rdrd\ tcef;odkY r0ifao;bJ atmufxyfü &Sdaom a':ausmh\ a,mufsm; OD;aygESifh tdrfaxmifypönf;rsm;udk
odrf;qnf;&if; tapcHwkdYbm0 pum;ajymqkdvsuf &SdaeMuav\/
xkdtjcif;t&mudk armifpH&Sm; od&SdavvQif
&S m;/ /]udkif; udkodef;armif? bkd;OD; tcef;ukd usKyf0ifNyD; &Smcsifw,fAsm? cifAsm;u tcef;0u apmifhaeNyD;
bdk;OD;vmwm jrif&if acsmif;[efU vkdufayawmh} [k ajymNyD;aemuf bkd;OD;\ tcef;wGif;odkY 0ifoGm;av\/
uRefawmfonf tcef;0 teD;rS &yfvsuf tdrfaemufavScg;okdY arQmfum bkd;OD;wufvmrnfudk apmifhqkdif;vsuf&Sd&m

q,frdepfcefYrQ Mumaomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf ta&;BuD;aom t&m0w¬K wpfpHkwpfckudk awGU&Sdonfh vu©PmESifh
0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om xGufvmcJhí tdyfcef;odkY 0ifMuav\/
tcef;wGif;odkY a&mufaomtcg uRefawmfu rnfonfht&mudk awGU&Sdygoenf;[k ar;jref;ygaomfvnf; armifpH&Sm;
onf trIwpfpHkwpfckü qHk;cef;wkdif ra&mufao;orQ umvywfvHk; xkwfazmfajymqkdavh r&Sdaom rdrd\
0goemtwkdif;
]tdyfcsifvSygNyDAsm? reufjzefum nusawmh cifAsm; odygvdrfhr,f? tdyfMuygOD;pdkY}
[k ajymojzifh uRefawmfrSm xyfavmif;í ar;jref;aomfvnf; tusdK;r&Sdonfh taMumif;udk od&Sdonf jzpfí tdyf&modkY
0if&av\/
aemufwpfaeUü uRefawmfwkdUonf a&Tarmfa"m bk&m;okdY vnf;aumif; ? tmZmenftoif;trIESifh ywfoufí
pHkaxmufcJh&aom usdKufy'kdif&GmodkY vnf;aumif; oGm;a&mufvnfywfjcif; tm;jzifh tcsdefukefvGefapcJhNyD;vQif
rdk;csKyfonfh tcgrS tdrfokdY jyefvmcJhMuav\/
xkdaeUnaewGif armifpH&Sm;onf uRefawmhftm; wnf;tdrfü xm;cJhNyD;vQif XmemodkY oGm;a&mufí wpfem&DausmfcefU
MumonfhtcgrS jyefvmcJhav\/
n 10 em&D xkd;vwfaomf uRefawmfwkdYonf tdyfcef;odkY 0ifMuí armifpH&Sm;u ]'DuaeUn udpö&Sdw,faemf
udkodef;armif? rtdyfESifhtHk;} [k rSmxm;ojzihf uRefawmfwkdUonf tdyf&mü yufvufvSefum pum;rajymbJ
aq;vdyfrsm;udk zGmvsuf &SdaeMuav\/ 12 em&D xkdk;ojzifh wpftdrfvHk; wdwfqdwfvsuf &Sdvwfaomf
armifpH&Sm;onf uRefawmfhtm; vufukyfNyD;aemuf tdyfcef;jywif;aygufudk ajz;nif;pGm zGifhav\/ ¤if;aemuf
jywif;aygufay:rS ausmfwufí armifpH&Sm;onf tdrfatmufodkY ajcoHrMum;atmif jznf;nif;pGm avQmcsav&m
uRefawmfrSmvnf; ¤if;enf;wl tdrfay:rS avQmcsav\/ tdrfatmufokdY a&mufMuonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf
armifpH&Sm;onf uRefawmf\ vufudk udkifqGJí ac: oGm;av&m xkdnrSm vqef; 6 &uf jzpfí arSmifESifhrnf;rnf;
&SdaecJhav\/ uRefawmfonf armifpH&Sm; ac:&modkY vkdufygoGm;&m armifbaomif;\ tavmif;udk awGU&Sd&mjzpfaom
anmifyifBuD;atmufodkY a&mufvQif armifpH&Sm;onf uRefawmhftm; anmifyifudk rSDvsuf rvIyfr&Sm;bJ
apmifhqkdif;ae&ef rSmxm;NyD;aemuf anmifyif\ tjcm;bufü uRefawmfuJhokdU anmifyifudk rSDum wdwfqdwfpGm
apmifhqkdif;arQmfvifhvsuf &Sdav\/
xkdtcsdefonfum; oef;acgifausmfNyD jzpfojzifh wpfNrdKUvHk; wdwfqdwfvsuf &SdcJhonf jzpf&m rnfonfht&yfrS
ab;tEåÅ&m,f vma&mufrnfudk rodbJvsuf apmifhqkdif;um ae&aomaMumifh uRefawmfhrSm aMumufvefU
wkefvIyfvSonf jzpfí &ifwGif;rS w'def;'def; w'dkif;'kdif; vIyf&Sm;vsuf &Sdonfh toHrSm rD;&xm; pufoHuJhodkY
uRefawmf\ em;ü xif&Sm;pGm Mum;&av\/ XmemrS em&Djyef wpfcsuf xkd;oHudk Mum;&aomtcg uRefawmfwkdY
apmifhqkdif;í aejcif;rSm wpfem&DrQom Mumao;onfh taMumif;udk od&Sd&aomfvnf; uRefawmf\ pdwfüum; MumvSNyD
rSwfxifí vif;tm;BuD; tcsdefwkdif a&mufNyD [líyif xifrSwfrdcJhav\/
wpfcsufxkd;ojzifh pef'vDukvm;onf ]a,;bMum;[kd;} [k toH&Snf&Snf qGJí atmf[pfNyD;onf\ tqHk;ü
uRefawmfwkdUonf rrdef;uav;\ tdrfbufrS ajznif;pGm avQmufvmaom ajcoHrsm;udk Mum;Mu&av&m
uRefawmfhrSm em;rsufpdrsm;udk zGifhvsuf toufudkrQ r&SLrdbJ atmifhtD;um apmifhqkdif;vsuf &Sdaeav\/ ajcoHonf
wjznf;jznf; eD;í vmojzifh uRefawmfwkdY &Sd&m t&yfESifh q,fawmifrQ uGmaom t&yfodkYa&mufonfESifh
wpfNydKifeuf armifpH&Sm;onf anmifyiftjrpf&if;udk ajczaemifhjzifh wtm;ukef aqmifhvkdufav&m xkdolonf
½kwfw&uf &yfwefUí ]udkrkd;vm;AsdKU} [k ar;vkdufonfudk Mum;vkduf&av&m xkdtoHrSm tjcm;r[kwf ? bdk;OD;\ toH
a&TOa'gif;
jzpfaMumif;udk uRefawmf od&Sd&av\/ xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;u toHudk zsufí ]at;vuG,f} [k cyfrmrm ajymvkduf&m
bkd;OD;onf pdwfauseyfonfh vu©PmESifh armifpH&Sm;\ teD;odkY csOf;uyfí vmav\
xkdnOfUrSm uRefawmf azmfjycJhNyD;onfh twkdif; v0ifNyD;jzpfonfhjyif anmifyifatmufvnf; jzpfojzifh tvGefw&m
arSmifrkdufvSonfjzpfí rdrdvufudkyif rdrd rjrifEkdifatmif &SdaecJhonfjzpf&m bkd;OD;rSmvnf; rdrd arQmfvifhaomol
r[kwfaMumif;udk rodbJ armifpH&Sm;\ teD;odkY csOf;uyfí ]bmjyKvkdY cifAsm;u tdyfcsdefBuD;rSm awGUzkdY csdef;&wmvJAs?
cifAsm; wwfEkdif&ifwkdifawmh? cifAsm;udkawmh ydkufqHwpfjym;rS usKyf xyfNyD; ray;bl;Asm? ay;p&mvJ r&Sdawmhbl;?
usKyftaMumif;vJ cifAsm; odw,f? cifAsm; taMumif;vJ usKyfodwmyJ}
&S m;/ /]ightaMumif; rif; bmodovJ}
OD ;/ /]cifAsm;vJ OD;baomif;udk aoewfESifh ypfowfwm usKyf odwmyJ? ypfwmu usKyfudk cifAsm; ypfw,f? rSefawmh
OD;baomif;udk rSefw,f? usKyf odygw,f? aoewfawG bmawGESifh? cifAsm; b,fu&ovJ? rajymcsifvJ aeAsm?
usKyfudk vmNyD; raESmifh,Suf&if usKyfuvJ azmfrajymbl;? EkdYrkdY&if usKyfu tukef azmfajymvkdufr,f? em;vnfvm;}
xkdcPü uRefawmfwkdYESifh reD;ra0;t&yfrS vlwpfa,mufonf vefYí atmfvkdufonfh toHudk Mum;&NyD;aemuf
axG;vHk;owfykwfMuonfh toHrsm;udk Mum;&jyefNyD;vQif aemufqHk;ü qdwfjidrfí oGm;av\/ xkdtjcif;t&mudk bkd;OD;
Mum;&onfhtcg rouFmonfh vu©PmESifh vufrS "mwfrD;ESifh armifpH&Sm;\ rsufESmudk xkd;í Munfhvkduf&m
aemufwpfcPü bkd;OD;onf armifpH&Sm;\ vufoD;csufjzifh ajray:ü yufvufvefvsuf &Sdav\/ okdY&mwGif
zswfvwfoGufvufol wpfa,muf jzpfonfhtwkdif; bkd;OD;onf ajray:rS vl;vJum xNyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm; &Sd&modkY
ajy;0ifí wpfa,mufvnfyif;udk wpfa,muf jzpfñSpfum &SdaeMupOf XmemtkyfESifh ykvdyfom; oHk;av;a,muf
wkdYonf ½kwfw&uf ajy;vmMuí bkd;OD;tm; vufxdyfcwfum csKyfaESmif zrf;qD;Muav\/
&S m;/ /]b,fhES,fvJAsdKU ? irdk; rd&JUvm;}
tkyf/ /]rdygw,f q&m? ieJu ajcmufvHk;jyL;awG bmawGESifh ygvm; q&m? uRefawmfwkdYu OD;oGm;ayvkdYom ?
EkdYrkdY&ifjzifh wpfa,muf ESpfa,mufawmh xdOD;awmh rvkdYyJ}
tapcHbkd;OD;rSm rsufESmudk atmufcsvsuf ykvdyfom; ESpfa,mufwkdY\ tv,fü &Sdaeonfjzpf&m tjcm;ykvdyfom;
ESpfa,mufwkdYonfvnf; irkd;qkdoludk vufxdyfcwfum ac:aqmifvmcJhí ykvdyft&m&SdwkdYonf w&m;cH
ESpfa,mufpvHk;wkdUudk XmemodkY ac:aqmifoGm;Muav\/
uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdYrSmrl wnf;tdrfodkY jyefNyD;aemuf ½kef;½kef;&if;&if; toHMum;ojzifh veYfí Ekdk;aeaom
rif;uawmf rrdef;uav;tm; tusdK;taMumif;udk ajymí jyMuav\/
xkdtrIudk puf&Sif½Hk;odkY wifydkYaomtcg irkd;rSm wpfuRef;odkY tESpfESpfq,f ydkYjcif;cH&í bkd;OD;rSmrl xdefcsefrIESifh
axmif'Pff oHk;ESpf tjypf&cJhav\/
¤if;trIudk ½Hk;awmfü ppfaq;onfhtcg od&Sd&onfrSm ..
bkdk;OD;onf ckd;rIESifh jypfcsuf wpfBudrf &zl;aMumif;? jypfcsuf&jcif;rSm txufjrefrmjynf aepOftcgu &cJhjcif;jzpfí
OD;baomif;u rod&SdaMumif;? xkdtaMumif;udk OD;baomif; rodojzifh pmoiftvkyfjzihf ykvdyfbufwGif trIxrf;
ap&ef pDrHvsuf &SdaMumif;? xkdtaMumif;udk "mwfodjzpfaom vlqkd;irkd;u od&Sdí bdk;OD;xHrS aiGig;usyf wpfq,f
ponfwkdYudk rMumcP jcdrf;ajcmuf ñSpfxkwfí ,lcJhaMumif;? armifbaomif; aoqHk;onfh nu irkd;onf
toHk;jywfonfjzpfí bkd;OD;xH pmESifh csdef;qdkNyD;vQif anmifyifBuD;atmufü awGUqHkMuaMumif;? bkd;OD;u aiGray;
EkdifaMumif; jiif;qkdí tdrfodkY jyefoGm;aomtcg irkd;onf aoewfudk udkifum tHBudwfvsuf tBuH,laeNyD;vQif
rnf;rnf; jrifaom vlwpfa,mufudk bdk;OD; xifrSwfojzifh aoewfjzifh ypfowfvkdufaMumif;? xkdolvJoGm;onfudk
jrifaomtcg irkd;onf oGm;a&mufMunfh½I&m xkdolrSm bkd;OD;r[kwf ? &mZ0wf0efuav; OD;baomif; jzpfaMumif;udk
od&Sd&aMumif;? ¤if;\ cg;üvnf; ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewf wpfvufudk awGU&Sdonfjzpfí irkd;onf ½kwfw&uf

tBuH&NyD;vQif ¤if;\ ajcmufvHk;jyL;udk EIwf,lí wpfcsufrQ ypfazmufNyD;rS tavmif;teD;ü csxm;cJhí
xGufajy;aMumif;? xkdnuvnf; bkd;OD;xHrS xyfrHí aiGñSpfvkdao;onf jzpfaomaMumifh pmjzifh a&;om;csdef;qkdjyef&m
armifpH&Sm;onf bdk;OD;\ tcef;udk 0ifa&muf&SmazGonfwGif xkdpmudk awGU&Sd&jcif; jzpfaMumif;rsm;ESifh
&Sif;vif;ajymqkdav\/
uRefawmf/ /]aeygOD; udkpH&Sm;&JU? bdk;OD; tay:rSm a&S;OD;pGm rouFm jzpfwJh taMumif;[m b,ftwGufaMumifhvJAsm}
&S m;/ /]avSum;xufrSm anmif&Gufajcmuf awGUw,f qkdvkdU r[kwfvm;Asmh? 'D[mudk awGUw,f qkduwnf;u
vlowfrI jzpfwJh nu wpfa,mufa,muf[m anmifyifatmufuaeNyD; tdrfay:udk wufvmw,fvkdY
usKyfawG;rdwmudk;? wufvmwJh vl[m b,folvJ qifjcifjyefawmh? tdrfay:rSm aewJh vlxJuyJ jzpf&r,f? tdrfay:rSm
b,folaeovJ? rrdef;uav;ESifh bdk;OD;yJ aew,f? 'Dawmhum rrdef;uav; trlt&mudk a&S;OD;pGm tuJcwfawmh
olu rlrysuf? bdk;OD;u rlysufwmudk;As? NyD;awmh wpfcg bkd;OD;ajymwJh pum;xJrSmvJ udkbaomif;[m vufrSm
"m;ckwfcH&zl;wJh twGuf nmbufvufudk ycHk;txufausmfatmif rajr§mufEkdifbl;vkdY ajymw,f? 'DtaMumif;
rrdef;uav; ar;Munfhawmh rrdef;uav;uvJ 'DvkdyJ ajymw,f? ukdif; 'Dawmh cifAsm; pOf;pm;Munfhprf;?
vlwpfa,muf[m aoewfudk vuf0JbufESifh udkifNyD; udk,fhudk,fudk ypfcJhvkdU&Sd&if vuf0Jbufem;xifudkom
ypfzkdYr[kwfbl;vm;Asm
wu,fvkdY vufsmbufudk rajr§mufEkdifbJ acgif;udk iHkYNyD; vufsmbufESifh ypfr,fqkdcJhvkdY &Sd&if vuf0Jbufu
xGufwJhusnfqH[m ar;½kd;qDrSm rxGufEkdifbl;As? tay:udk axmifNyD; acgif;qDu azmufxGuf&r,f? NyD;awmhvJ
bdk;OD;u usKyfwkdUESifh pum;ajym&if;qkd&if; rlysufw,f r[kwfvm;? 'D[m bmaMumifhvJ qkdawmh usKyfwkdYudk
pHkaxmufjzpfrSef; &dyfrdavawmh olajymwJh pum;xJrSm ukdbaomif;[m udk,fhudk,fudk owfjcif; r[kwf? olwpfyg;
owfwmjzpfaMumif; xif&Sm;atmif pum;t&dyft>ruf ygoGm;wJh twGuf rlysufNyD; oGm;wmAsmh? tJh'gaMumifhrkdU
usKyfu olYtcef;0if&Smawmh irkd;xHu pmudk awGUNyD; anmifyifatmufu apmifhMuw,f r[kwfvm;? rSwfxm;
udkodef;armif? udk,fhudk,fudk aoewfESifh ypfowfw,f qkdwJh vl[m ajymif;0udk yg;pyfrSm iHkvkdYjzpfap? em;xifrSm
awhNyD;jzpfap cvkwfudk jzKwfwwfw,f? em;xifrSm ypfcJhvkdY&Sd&if tom;udk rkcs ,rf;cdk;avmifNyDrSwfawmh? em;xifrSm
'Pf&mudk awGU&ufESifh tom;udk ravmifruRrf;bl; qkdwm Mum;&uwnf;u 'DtrI[m udk,fhudk,fudk ypfowfwm
r[kwfbl;? olwpfyg; ypfowfwmyJvkdY usKyf odNyD;om;yJAsmh? b,hfES,fvJ &Sif;NyDvm; udkodef;armif}
uRefawmf/ /]&Sif;ygayNyDAsm}
NyD;ygNyD/
______
a&TOa'gif;
16/ xl;qef;aom tarGrIBuD;ü armifpH&Sm; pHkaxmufyHk

uRefawmfonf a&S;txufausmfum&Du armifpH&Sm; pHkaxmufcJhaom trIrsm;udk a&;omazmfjy&mü
rsm;aomtm;jzif h vl owfrI rS pí aMumufruf zG ,f&maumif ;aom trI wkd YomvQif rsm;cJ ho nfjzpf &m
,cka &;om;azmf jyvwåH Uaom trIBuD ;rSm tarG rI ESif h ywfoufí tvGefq ef ;Mu,f tHhMozG,f&maumif;vSonf
jzpfí ¤if;trIudk ppfaq;pOf tcgu wpfwkdif;jynfvHk; wk ef vIyf acsmuf csm;avmuf atmif jzpf yGm;cJh aom
trIBuD;wpfck jzpfavonf /
þtrIBuD; udk 0w¬KoG m;tjzpfjzihf a&;om;azmf jy&mü yxrtydkif; ¤if;trIü vkdufcJh&aom a&SUaeBuD;rsm; xHrS
Mum;od&onfh twkdif ; xnfhoGif;a&;om;í xkdaemufrS armifpH&Sm;ESifh uRef awmfwkdY yg0ifMuonfh tcef;udk
tpDtpOftm;jzifh a&;om;azmfjyaytHh/
zsmyHk'dpBwdwf? wpfckaom NrdKUi,fü O,smOf? NcHajr? tdrfajr? wkdufwm rSpí v,f{u 3000 cefUrQ&Sdí
ajrydkifolaX;BuD;[lí ac:wGifavmufayonfh OD;atmifBuD;trnf&Sd olaX;BuD; wpfOD; &Sdav\/ ¤if;atmifBuD;rSm
om;orD; oHk;a,mufrQ &Sdav&m ¤if;wkdY\ rdcifrSm i,f&G,fpOfuyif aoqHk;cJhí OD;atmifBuD;onf xyfrHí
tdrfaxmifopf rjyKbJ rkqkd;zkdBuD; tjzpfjzifh uav;rsm;udk tkyfxdef;apmifha&Smufí aexkdifcJhav\/ om;orD;
oHk;a,mufteuf tBuD;qHk;rSm orD;rwifcsdK? om;tvwfrSm armifbaomf? om;ti,frSm armifbausmf [lí
ac:wGifcJhav\/ armifbaomfESifh armifbausmf wkdYrSm txufatmufyif jzpfaomfvnf; toufrSm 7 ESpfcefYrQ
uGmjcm;cJhonf jzpfí armifbaomfrSm aumvdyfausmif; tkdifat txufwef;odkY a&mufí vlvm;ajrmufaom tcgrS
armifbausmfrSm ausmif;om;oli,f t&G,frQ &SdcJhao;av\/
om;BuD; armifbaomfonf aumvdyfausmif;odkY a&mufaomtcgü olaX;om; wpfa,muf jzpfonfhtm;avsmfpGm
tvGefw&m toHk;tpGJBuD;NyD;vQif vlaygif;pHkwkdYjzifh aygif;oif;í taysmftyg;wkdYudk vkdufpm;cJhonf jzpf&m zcif
OD;atmifBuD;rSmvnf; rnfrQyif <u,f0csrf;omapumrl aMu;aiGoHk;pGJjcif; t&mXmeü tvGefw&m acRwm
uspfvpfcJhonf jzpf&um; aMu;aiGtaMumif;ESifh ywfoufí om;tz ESpfa,mufwkdYonf rMumcP pum;rsm;
cJhMu&av\/
okdYygaomfvnf; orD;tBuD; tysdKBuD; rwifcsdKonf armifbaomf\ bufrS az;rNyD;vQif zcifodatmif wpfrsdK;?
rodatmif wpfrsdK;? aMu;aiGrsm; ay;ydkYvsuf &SdonfjzpfaomaMumifh armifbaomf a[mh&rf;oavmuf zcifBuD;
rodapbJ zHk;zdokdodyfEkdifcJhav\/ wpfaeYoü rlum; armifbaomfonf ausmif;ydwf&uftwGif; tdrfodkY
jyefvmckdufwGif OD;atmifBuD;\ wlawmfpyfí i,fpOftcguyif ¤if;wkdYESifh twlaexkdifvmcJhaom armifbkd;xdef
qkdolESifh rwifcsdKwkdY cspfBudKufBuaMumif;udk od&Sdav&um; armifbaomfonf pdwfjrefaom oli,fwpfa,muf
jzpfonfhtwkdif; tpfrjzpfolESifh tpfudk awmfpyfol armifbkd;xdefudkyg ajcjzifh uefaMumufBudrf;armif; qJqkdjcif;udk
jyKcJhav\/ ,if;odkY jzpf&um; tpfrjzpfol rwifcsdKonf &Sufvnf;&Suf pdwfvnf;emvSonf jzpfaomaMumifh
armifbaomf\ tay:ü tBudwftcJ raMuEkdifbJ &efñdI;BuD; zGJUcJhav\/
odkYjzpfaomaMumifh armifbaomf ausmif;okdY jyefoGm;onfhtcgü a&S;uuJhokdY zcifrodatmif wpfzufvSnfhjzifh
aMu;aiGrsm; ay;ydkYjcif; rjyKawmhonfhjyif armifbaomfu zcifxHrS aiGrSmonfh tcgwkdif; tvGefw&m toHk;tpGJ
BuD;aMumif;ESifh zcifjzpfol rqlvQif qlatmif tqif;wGef;pum; ajymMum;avh &SdcJhav\/
xkdtawmtwGif;ü armifbaomfonf toHk;tpGJudk ravsmhayghonfhjyif a&S;uxufyif onf;í vmav&um; tdrfrS
aiGrSmí r&vQif t0wftpm;wkdYudk aygifESHjcif;? ¤if;wkdY ukefcrf;onfhtcg cspfwD;rsm;xHrS aMu;aiGrsm; acs;iSm;jcif;
ponfjzifh wpfenf;enf;ESifh &atmifBuHí jzKef;wD;cJhav\/ cspfwD;wkdYvnf; olaX;OD;atmifBuD;\ om;jzpfaMumif;
od&SdcJhonfhjyif tqrwefaom twkd;aiGudkvnf; &&Sdonf jzpfaomaMumifh tvG,fwulESifhyif acs;iSm;Muav\/
aemufqHk;wpfaeYüum; armifbaomf uwdxm;onfhtwkdif; jyefvnfay;qyfjcif; rjyKEkdifcJhonfwGif cspfwD;wkdYonf
tazOD;atmifBuD;xH oGm;a&mufNyD;vQif armifbaomf\ vufrSwfudkjyí ¤if;aiGrsm;udk jy&ef qlylawmif;cHMuav&m

OD;atmifBuD;onf tvGefw&m pdwfqkd;vSonfjzpfí rdrd,laom aiGvnf; r[kwfaMumif;? tcGifhjyKjcif;vnf;
r&SdaMumif;? okdYjzpfí rdrdu ray;rqyfEkdif? aiG,laom olxHrSom awmif;cHMu&rnf jzpfaMumif;ESifh
aigufief;ajymqkdvkdufav\/
cspfwD;wkdYvnf; armifbaomfxH wpfzefoGm;a&muf qlylMuav&m armifbaomfrSm zcifxHrS tusdK;taMumif;
pmjzifha&;om;í aiGrsm;awmif;cHygaomfvnf; wpfjym;wpfcsyfrQ r&&SdonftwGif; ausmif;tkyfBuD; odoGm;ojzifh
wpfausmif;vHk; yGufyGufqlrQjzpfoGm;av&um; armifbaomfrSm wif;rmaompdwf&Sdonfh oli,fwpfa,muf jzpfonfh
twkdif; þzcifþaqGrsdK;wkdUtm; wpfoufwGif rawGUjrif&ygapom; [lí tHBudwfum BuHK;0g;NyD;vQif rnfolUtm;rQ
taMumif;rMum;bJ wpfnaomtcg0,f ausmif;rS wdwfwqdwf xGufajy;cJhav\/
xkdpOftcgu rkd;ukwfNrdKUü ywåjrm;wGif;rsm;wl;azmfjcif;vkyfief;onf tvGefw&mBuD;us,fcJhonfjzpf&m wpfvtwGif;
olaX;jzpfíoGm;olvnf; r&Sm;? ESpfvtwGif; <u,f0csrf;omíoGm;olvnf; tvGefaygrsm;cJhav\/ armifbaomf
rSmvnf; rkd;ukwfNrdKUokdY a&mufoGm;onf[k owif;oefYoefY Mum;&ojzifh axmufvSrf; pHkprf;Muygaomfvnf;
rawGUr&SdbJ aemufqHk;wpfaeYü armifbaomfrSm emrnfrQom usef&pfcJhí rdbom;csif;wkdYxHodkY wpfcgwpfacgufrQ
vma&mufzl;onf r&SdbJ vHk;vHk; uG,faysmufí oGm;av\/
xkdokdY jzpfaeonfh tawmtwGif; OD;atmifBuD;\orD; rwifcsdKonf armifbkd;xdefESifh wdwfwqdwf xGufajy;
Muav&m zcif OD;atmifBuD;onf a'go tvGefw&m xGufvSonfjzpfaomaMumifh orD;udkvnf; orD;[lí rajym?
wlom;rufudkvnf; om;ruf [lí todtrSwf rjyKbJ jywfjywfawmufawmuf jyKvkyfcJhav\/ okdYjzpfaomaMumifh
OD;atmifBuD;rSm orD;wpfa,mufESifh om;wpfa,muf qHk;yg;cJhí om;ti,f armifbausmf wpfa,mufomvQif
usef&SdcJhav\/
¤if;armifbausmfrSmrl vdr®ma&;jcm;&Sdí rdbpum;em;axmifaom om;wpfa,muf jzpfcJh&m t*Fvdyfausmif;rS bDat
atmifjrifNyD;aemuf ppfuJBuD; wpfa,muf\ orD;ESifh xdrf;jrm;vufxyfNyD;vQif NrdKUtkyf&mxl;rS pí tpdk;&trIudk
usdK;EGH ½kdaopGm xrf;&GufcJhav\/ ,if;uJhodkY xrf;&GufcJhonfhtwkdif; wpfqifhrS wpfqifh &mxl;wkd;wufcJhí
zcifaoqHk;onfh tcsdeftcgwGif yxrwef; ppfuJBuD; tjzpfodkY wkd;wuf csD;jr§ifhjcif; cHcJh&av\/
olaX;BuD; OD;atmifBuD;rSm tkdrif;rpGrf; &Sdonfhtcgü wpfa,mufwnf;wnf; aexkdif&jcif;udk jiD;aiGU[efvu©Pm
&Sdonfjzpfí orD; rwifcsdKu 0efcsawmif;yefonfh twGuf ¤if;\ tay:ü trsufajycJhNyD;vQif ibkd;xdefrygbJ
rwifcsdK wpfa,mufwnf; rdrd aetdrfü vma&mufaexkdifvkdu aexkdif&ef cGifhjyKvkdufav\/ rwifcsdKwkdY
vifr,m;rSm txufNrdKUaus;&GmodkY vGifhyg;cJhNyD;vQif armifbkd;xdefrSm ynmenf;onf jzpfí pma&;pm;csD tp&Sdaom
tvkyfrsdK;wkdYjzifh toufarG;jrL&onf jzpfaomaMumifh qif;&Jyifyef;vSonf jzpf&um; rwifcsdKonf zcif\xHrS
twlvma&mufaexkdif&ef pmudk &onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om zcifxH a&mufvmcJhav\/
xkdtcsdefüum; om;tzwkdY wpfuGJwpfjym; aecJhMuonfrSm ESpfaygif;ESpfq,f cefYrQyif Mum&SdcJhavNyD/
rwifcsdKonf om;orD;vnf; r&SdcJhonf jzpfí rdrdwpfa,mufwnf; zcif\ aetdrfü vma&mufaexkdifcJh&m
oHk;ESpfausmf av;ESpfcefUrQ Mumaomfvnf; ¤if;\ cifyGef;armifbkd;xdefrSm wpfBudrfwpfcgrQ xkdtdrfodkY vma&mufcGifh
r&cJhacs/
¤if;aemuf wpfESpfcefYrQ Mumaomtcg olaX;OD;atmifBuD; aoqHk;cJh&m usef&pfaom ypönf;rsm;udk atmufygtwkdif;
cGJa0ay;urf;cJhav\/
(1) 3000 ausmfrQaom v,f? ajr? {u wkdYudk om;tBuD; armifbaomf u ,l&ef
(2) tbdk;aiG wpfodef;ausmfrQ xkdufwefaom wkdufwm aetdrfwdkUudk om;ti,f armifbausmf u ,l&ef
a&TOa'gif;
(3) psmyeudpötwGuf ukefus&efaiG 3000 usyfudk EIwfNyD;aemuf usefaom aiGom;rsm;ESifh pdefxnf a&Txnf ?
vuf0wfvufpm;rsm;udk orD; rwifcsdK u ,l&ef
(4) armifbaomf rvmra&mufao;onfh tawmtwGif; v,fajrrsm; tay:rS &&Sdaom v,faxmufcrsm;udk
armifbausmfESifh rwifcsdKwkdUu tnDtrQ cGJjcrf;a0,lNyD;vQif tu,fí armifbaomfonf tarGcH? tarGpm; r&SdbJ
aoqHk;ESihf cJhonf jzpfrl ¤if;ajrrsm;udk armifbausmf\ om;orD;rsm;u tnDtrQ cGJa0,lMu&ef/
txufyg cGJa0ay;urf;yHkudk axmufcsifhcJhaomf OD;atmifBuD;onf rkdufrJaom om;tay:ü u½kPm ydkrkdaMumif;udk

vnf;aumif;? orD; rwifcsdK ay:ü trsuf vHk;vHk;BuD; raMuaMumif;udk vnf;aumif; xif&Sm;cJhav\/
rwifcsdKonf ¤if;cGJa0yHkudk pdwfauseyf[ef vu©Pm r&Sdonfudk armifbausmf od&Sd&aomtcg rdrdrSm &mxl;ESifh
wuG ckdifvHkolwpfa,muf jzpfonfvnf; wpffaMumif;? yifyef;aom tpfrBuD; tay:ü u½kPm oufonfvnf;
wpfaMumif;aMumifh rdrd&&Sdaom tarGrsm; teufrS tdrfwpfaqmifESifh wkdufwpfvHk;udk cGJa0 ay;urf;cJhav\/
¤if;aemuf oHk;ESpfcefY Mumaomtcg armifbaomfvnf; ray:vm ? ¤if;ü tarGpm; tarGcH &Sdonf[lívnf;
owif;rMum; &SdaecJhav&um; ¤if;\ tarG v,fajrwkdYrSm armifbausmf\ om;orD;rsm; vufodkY a&mufacsawmh
rnf uJhodkY &SdaecJhav\/
xkdtawm twGif;ü rwifcsdK rSm rkqkd;r tjzpfodkY a&mufaecJhav\/ ¤if;\ cifyGef; armifbkd;xdefrSm iSufzsm;a&m*g
pGJuyfvsuf &SdaMumif;ESifh uomNrdKUrS aMu;eef;a&muf&Sdonf jzpfí rwifcsdKu taqmwvsif oGm;a&mufygaomfvnf;
toufrD½HkrQ &SdcJh&m ¤if;\ psmyeudpöNyD;onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf jyefvmcJhí armifbausmf cGJa0í ay;aom wkdufü
aexkdifcJhav\/ xkdtcgüum; armifbaomf ay:vmawmhrnf [lí rnfol wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ rajr§mfvifhcJhMuacs/
okdY&mwGif avmuü jzpfrnf[lí rnfolrQ rxifaom t&mrsdK;wkdYonf jzpfay:cJhí ? jzpf&rnf[laom
t&mrsdK;wkdYrSmvnf; rjzpfay:bJ &SdwwfvSonf rsm;cJhay\/ okdYjzpf&um; wpfaeYoü ppfuJ armifbausmfonf
aysmufqHk;aeol tpfudk armifbaomf xHrS pmwpfapmifudk &&SdcJhav\/ ¤if;pmrSm ]nDarmif axmfwd} [lí
tpcsDNyD;vQif ]axmfuH} [lí tqHk;ü vufrSwfa&;xkd; yg&Sdav\/ twGif;üygaom taMumif;t&mrsm;rSm rlum;
rdrdrSm ,kd;',m;jynfrS xkdaeYyif qkdufa&mufcJhí nDarmif&Sd&m om,m0wDNrdKJUokdU rMumrDtwGif; vma&mufcJhrnf
jzpfaMumif;ESifh yg&Sdavonf/ ¤if;pmü ta&;BuD;aom tcsufrSm nDtpfudkESpfa,muf wkdYonf ausmif;om; t&G,f
jzpfpOf tcgu tpfudkonf nDtm; axmfwd [lívnf;aumif;? nDonf tpfudktm; axmfuH [lívnf;aumif;
wpfOD;tm; wpfOD; ajymifavSmifac:iifaom trnfudk toHk;jyKí a&;om; yg&Sdjcif; jzpfavonf/
ppfuJarmifbausmfonf ¤if;pmudk &&Sdaomtcg rsm;pGmtHhMocJhonfjzpf&m avmbom;wkdYrnfonfrSm ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm
aysmufqHk;íaecJhaom tpfudkudkawGU&onfhtwGuf 0rf;ajrmufjcif;xuf oHk;odef;ausmfwef ypönf;rsm;udk vufwGif;okdY
a&mufawmhrnfhqJqJjzpfNyD;rS wpfzefjyeffíxGuf&onfhtwGuf 0rf;enf;jcif;u ydkrkdcJhav\/ okdYjzpfí OD;bausmfonf
¤if;pm &onfhtaMumif;udk rdrd\ om;r,m;wkdYtm; rajymMum;ao;bJ tpfrjzpfol xHodkY omvQif aMu;eef;½kduf
rSmMum;xm;vkdufav\/
OD;bausmfonf tarGypönf;rsm;udk pGefUvTwf&ef ESajrmvSonf rSefaomfvnf; ½kd;om;ajzmifhrwfaom olwpfa,muf
jzpfojzifh tu,fpifppf rdrd\ tpfudk jzpfcJhrl ay;tyf&ef tqifoifh &SdcJhav\/ okdU&mwGif i,fpOfrS pí
ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm uGJuGmí aecJhMuonf jzpfaomaMumifh tpfudktm; aumif;pGm rrSwfrdEkdifavmufatmif &Sdaeojzifh
vlvdrfvlaumuf wpfa,mufu tpfudk a,mifaqmifNyD;vQif tacsmif ,loGm;rnfudkvnf; pkd;&drf&ao;onf
jzpf&um;? tpfrBuD; a&mufvmaom tcgü rnfokdY jyK&rnfudk wkdifyifESD;aESm&ef 0wfvHkwpfa,mufudk toifh
ajymqkdí xm;cJhav\/
tpfr jzpfol rwifcsdKvnf; OD;bausmfxHrS aMu;eef;&onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf om,m0wDNrdKUodkY qkdufa&mufvmcJh&m

armifESr ESpfa,mufESifh 0wfvHkawmf&BuD;wkdY wkdifyifMuonfrSm ...
ausmf / /]0wffvHkBuD;oabmuawmh uRefawmfh tpfudk r[kwfEkdifbl;? wpfa,mufa,mufu uRefawmfwkdY taMumif;
odavawmh aiGoHk;odef;udk tacsmif&atmif tpfudk a,mifaqmifwm jzpfr,fvkdY qkdw,fr[kwfvm;?
uRefawmfuawmh 0wfvHkBuD; ajymovkd rjzpfEkdifbl; xifw,fAsmh? bmhaMumifhvJ qkdawmh axmfwdESifh axmfuH qkdwJh
emrnf[m ausmif;om;b0wkef;u uRefawmfwkdY tcsif;csif; wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf ay;xm;cJhMuwJh emrnfAs?
onfavmuf ESpfaygif; Mum&SnfvmwJh tcgrSm wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf onfemrnfESifh ac:avh&SdwJh taMumif;
odwJhvl tifrwef &Sm;vdrfhr,f xifw,fAs? NyD;awmhvnf; uRefawmfwkdUvkd t&m&SdwpfOD;wpfa,mufudk nm0Hh vdrf0Hh
vdrfhrJh vlvnf; &Sdvdrfhr,fvkdY uRefawmf rxifbl;? tJ'gaMumifh uRefawmfjzifh onfpmudk a&;xnfhvkdufwJhvl[m
uRefawmfhtpfudk udkbaomf tppfyJvkdY uRefawmf xifw,f? rraum b,fvkd oabm&ovJ}
csd K/ /]armifbaomf oabmudk igodygw,fuG,f? onftcsdeftxd touf&Sifvsuf &SdcJhw,fqkd&if azazhqDudk
jzpfap? rif;qDudk jzpfap? ighqDudk jzpfap pma&;NyD; aiGrñSpfbJ aer,fh vlwpfa,muf r[kwfygbl;uGJU? tifrwefrsm;
BuD;yGm;NyD; ae&ifjzifh rajymwwfaybl;? EkdYayrJh BuD;yGm;rnfh vlpm;rsdK;vnf; r[kwfygbl;uG,f? igodygw,f?
wpfyJavmuf &Sm&&if wpfusyfavmuf oHk;csifwJhvlyguGJU? onfawmh igjzifh armifbaomf[m &Sdawmhw,fvkdY
igrxifbl;? b,ftBudK b,ftMum;rSm a<u;0kdif;0kdif;vnfNyD; aq;q&mawmifrS rac:EkdifwJh tjzpfudk a&mufNyD;
ao&Smwm MumNyDvkdY igxifygw,f}
ausmf / /]rru xif½Hk xifEkdifwmudk; rr&JU? wwftyf aocsm ajymEkdifwmrS r[kwfbJudk;}
csd K/ /]a[h ajrBuD; vuf0g;ESifh ykwf&if vGJcsif vGJvdrfhOD;r,f? igxifwmu rvGJygbl; armifbausmf&,f? rif;uawmh
[kdwkef;u i,fao;vkdY olUoabmudk aumif;aumif;rodbl;? tifrwefoHk;csifpGJcsifwJhvlwpfa,mufyg? 0wfvHkawmf&
rif;&Sifh? aoNyD;vkdYom onfavmufMumatmif olNidrfaewmaygh? tEkdYrkdYrsm;jzifh wpfESpfudk q,fcgxufrenf;
azazhqDudk aiGñSif;NyD;om; rSwfyg&Sif}
ausmf / /]EkdYayrJh tdrfu xGufoGm; uwnf;u tazhqDudk wpfcgrS rñSif;zl;bl; r[kwfvm; rr&,f}
csd K/ /]oGm;cgpwkef;uawmh rñSif;ao;bl;uGJU ? aemuf wpfESpf ESpfESpfavmuf Mumawmh azazhqDudk pmESifh a&;NyD;
aiGawmif;w,fuGJU? awmif;ayr,fh azazu ray;avawmh ighqDudk pma&;NyD; awmif;ao;w,f}
ausmf / /]b,fwkef;uvJ rr&,f? b,fESpfcgrsm; a&;NyD; awmif;zl;ovJ}
csd K/ /]ESpfcg oHk;cgavmuf a&;NyD; awmif;zl;ygw,fuG,f? aemufqHk;pmuawmh ppfBuD; jzpfr,fh ESpfuyJ}
vHk/ /]b,fvkdrsm; taMumif;jyNyD; awmif;ygovJ cifAsm}
csd K/ /]a&;½kd;a&;pOfyg 0wfvHkawmf&rif;&Sif? olUrSm tifrwefrS qif;&J'ku©a&mufNyD; aeygw,fwJh? azazhqDudk a&;NyD;
awmif;wmvJ wpfjym;wpfcsyfrS r&ygbl;wJh? tJ'gaMumifh wwftm;orQ olUudk ulnD apmifrygOD;wJh ?
a&;vkdufw,f&Sif}
ausmf / /]EkdY rru aiG wifydkUvkdufao; ovm;}
csd K/ /]igvnf; vufxJrSm pkaqmif;NyD; &SdorQ ydkUvkduf&wmayghuG,f}
vHk/ /][dkwkef;u udkbaomf xHrS &zl;wJh pmawG wpfapmifwpfavrsm; odrf;xm;wm &Sdygovm; cifAsm}
csd K/ /]&SdyJ&Sdavovm; rajymwwfygbl;&Sif? okdYaomf aemufqHk;&wJh pmwpfapmif aowåmxJrSm jrifrdovkdvkd
rSwfygw,f&Sif}
vHk/ /]b,fwkef;u a&;xnfhvkdufwJh pmvJ}
a&TOa'gif;
csd K/ /]ppfBuD; jzpfNyD; aemufwpfESpfrS &wJh pmyg&Sif}

vHk/ /]b,fuaeNyD; xnfhvkdufwmvJ cifAsm}
csd K/ /]bwfqm&mNrdKUu xnfhvkdufwJh pmyg&Sif}
vHk/ /]aMomf ppfxJ olvkdufoGm;wmudk;}
csd K/ /][kwfuJh&Sif *smr'g &mxl; & qkdvm;? rajymwwfygbl;? vkdufwkef;uvnf; uRefrwkdY rod&ygbl;? [kda&mufvkdY
pm&awmhrSyJ ppfajrjyif a&mufaerSef; od&ygw,f&Sif? tJ'DpmxJrSmvnf; azazhqDudk pmESifh a&;NyD; aiGawmif;zl;
ygw,fwJh? awmif;ayr,fhvJ aiGvJ rwif? pmawmifrS rjyefygbl;wJh}
ausmf / /]r[kwfEkdifygbl; rr&,f? azazu onfavmuf &ufpufr,f rxifygbl;? ol xnfhvkdufwJh pmawG[m
azazh vufxJudk ra&mufbl;vkdU uRefawmf xifygw,f}
vHk/ /]onf;cHygOD; 0efaxmufrif;&JU? uRefawmf wpfck ar;prf;yg&apOD; cifAsm? udkbaomf qDu
aemufqHk;xnfhvkdufwJh pm[m tck &Sdao;w,fqkd [kwfp}
csd K/ /]&Sdygw,f&Sif}
vHk/ /]udkif; 'gjzifh ? tJ'Dpm rygvkdY ,SOfrMunfh&aomfvnf; onfvufa&;[m udkbaomf vufa&; [kwfr[kwf ?
wqdwfavmuf aoaocsmcsm MunfhNyD; ajymprf;yg cifAsm}
[k ajymNyD;vQif OD;bausmf &&Sdaom pmudk rwifcsdKtm; xkwfí jyapav\/
xkdtcg rwifcsdKonf udkbaomf xHrS &&Sdaom pmudk aocsmpGm Munfh½INyD;aemuf ..
csd K/ /]b,fenf;ESifhrS armifbaomf a&;wJhpm r[kwfEkdifygbl;&Sif? armifbaomfu ppfxJrSm usNyD; qHk;&Smygw,f&Sif}
ausmf / /(pdwfwkdaom trlt&mESifh) ]rruvJ ar;wmajzprf;yg rr&,f? awmifajymajrmufajym avQmufajym
raeprf;ygESifh? 0wfvHkBuD;ar;wmu onfvufa&;[m udkbaomf vufa&; [kwfr[kwfudk odvkdygw,fwJh rr&JU?
ar;wmudk ajzprf;ygAsm}
csd K/ /]b,fenf;ESifhrS onfvufa&;[m armifbaomfvufa&; r[kwfEkdifygbl;uG,f}
vHk/ /]'Dtwkdif; rSef&ifawmhjzifh arQmfvifhp&m tyHkBuD; &SdwmyJ? odkYaomf wpfckar;yg&apOD; cifAsm? [kdwkef;u
udkbaomfu pmESifha&;NyD; aiGawmif;awmh pkaqmif;NyD; &SdorQ wifydkYvkduf&w,fvkdY ajymygw,f? b,fenf;ESifh
ydkUvkdufygovJ cifAsm}
csd K/ /]10 usyfwef puúL ig;csyfudk pmtdyfESifh xnfhNyD; pmwkdufu xnfhvkdufygw,f&Sif}
vHk/ /]&aMumif;udk pmjyefao;ovm;}
csd K/ /]rjyefygbl;&Sif? t&ifuvJ b,fawmhrS pmjyefzl;w,fvkdY r&Sdygbl;}
vHk/ /]bwfqm&mNrdKUuaeNyD; xnfhvkdufwJh pmtjyif onfht&ifu xnfhvkdufwJh pmrsm;aum &Sm&if
awGUygOD;rvm;Asm}
csd K/ /]awGUr,fvkdU rxifygbl;&Sif}
vHk/ /]odkYaomfvJ rSwfawmhjzifh rSwfrd&JUaemf}
csd K/ /]b,fESpfu &w,f? b,fNrdKUu xnfhvkdufw,f qkdwmavmufawmh rSwfrdyg&JU&Sif}
vHk/ /][m tJ'g ta&;BuD; wmyJ AsdKU? EkdY pmrSmygwJh taMumif;t&m rsm;aum Asm}
csd K/ /]'gawmh 0kd;wkd;0g;wm; jzpfaeygNyD&Sif? okdYaomf &SmEkdif&if awGUaumif; awGUygvdrfhOD;r,f? uRefrvJ BudK;pm;&SmNyD;
&SifhxHudk taMumif;jyefyghr,f&Sif}
vHk/ /]'gxuf udkbaomf[m ppfxJrSm usqHk;w,fvkdY ckeifu ajymvkdufygw,f? b,fvkdaMumifh ajymEkdifygovJ
cifAsm}
csd K/ /]onfvkdyg&Sif? ppfxJrSmvkdufawmh armiftkH;wif qkdwJh trnfESifh vkdufw,fvkdY olUpmxJrSmygygw,f?
aiGwifawmhvJ armiftHk;wif trnfESifh wifvkduf&ygw,f? wpfaeYuoüawmh owif;pmxJrSm armiftHk;wifqkdwJh
*sr'guav;[m aoewf'Pf&m&&SdNyD; aq;½HkwufaewJhtcgrSm aysmufqHk;NyD;oGm;wJhtaMumif;? ppfbuft&m&SdBuD;
rsm;\ txifrSm tjcm;olrsm;ESifh twl *smrefrsm;\ vuftwGif;odkY usa&mufoGm;w,fvkdY xifrSwfaMumif;ESifh
zwfrdvkduf&ygw,f&Sif? onfhaemuf tusOf;orm;jcif; vJvS,fwJh tcgrSmvnf; trnfpm&if;xJrSm armiftHk;wif&JU
trnf rygvmygbl;&Sif? tJ'gaMumifh uRefru aoewfrSefwJh 'Pf&mESifhyJ *smrefrsm;vufwGifrSm aoqHk;w,fvkdY
xifrdygw,f&Sif? 'Duwnf;u pNyD; armifbaomfqDu pmvnf; wpfapmifrS r&awmhygbl;&Sif}
ausmf / /]'gjzifh rrajymyHktwkdif; qkd&if ,ck 'Dpma&;wJhvl[m udkbaomf r[kwfbl;? vlnmwpfa,muf ayghav}
csd K/ /]'gayghuG,f? b,ftBudKtMum;u taumifu xNyD; tarGawG vkdcsifwmESifh armifbaomf a,mifaqmifovJ
rajymwwfygbl;? tarGr&bJESifh axmifusrSm igjrifygao;w,f}
ausmf / /]0wfvHkBuD;uaum b,hfES,fxifovJ}
vHk/ /]uRefawmfvnf; onfvkdyJ xifrdygw,f 0efaxmufrif;? odkYaomf uRefawmfwkdY xifwJh twkdif; [kwfrnfvJ
rqkdEkdifbl;? r[kwfrnfvJ rqkdEkdifbl;? onftawmtwGif; uRefawmfwkdYuawmhjzifh vG,fvG,fululESifh
avQmufvkdYawmh ray;Edkdifbl;? oluvJ olUudk,fol udkbaomf jzpfaMumif; xif&Sm;atmif oufao jyayap?
uRefawmfwkdYuvJ r[kwfEkdifaMumif;udk wwftm;orQ BudK;pm;NyD; oufaojyMuzkdY &SdwmyJ? uRefawmfwkdU
udk,fwdkifuvJ ppfbufqkdif&m t&m&Sdrsm;xHrSm udktHk;wif qkdol taMumif;udk axmufvSrf; pHkprf;ygOD;r,f?
rwifcsdKuvJ udkbaomfxHu &zl;wJh pmrsm;udk wwfEkdiforQ BudK;pm;&SmazGNyD; uRefawmfhxH ydkYvdkufyg cifAsm;?
wu,fvkdY ukd,fwkdif &SmrawGUvdkU &Sd&ifvJ b,fESpfavmufqDu b,fNrdKUuaeNyD; b,fvkdtaMumif;t&mrsdK;ESifh
pm&zl;w,f qkdwmudk Z,m;uGufcsNyD; wwfEkdifoavmuf teD;qHk; rSef;qNyD; a&;ydkYvkduf prf;yg cifAsm}
ausmf / /]rru onfavmufawmif trSwftom; aumif;r,f rxifygbl; 0wfvHkBuD;&,f}
csd K/ /]bmaMumifh raumif;&rSmvJuG,f}
ausmf / /][kwfrSvJ vkyfyg rr&,f? tpfudkBuD; tay:rSm pdwfemwJh tcH&SdwmESifh [kdwkef;uvJ azazraocif
tpfudkBuD;ESifh azazESifh rawGUqHk&atmif rr vkyfcJhNyD? tckvJyJ cjrmrSm tarG&zkdY &Sd&ifvJ &&Smygap cifAsm? ol
r&apcsifwmESifh r[kwfw½kwfawGrsm; avQmufNyD; a&;rxJhygESifh rr&,f}
csd K/ /]atmifr,f? baomfu azazhqD ydkYvkdufwJh pmawGudk azazhvuf ra&mufatmif igu Mum;ujzwfNyD;
zHk;xm;w,fvkdY rif;u qkdcsifovm;}
ausmf / /]rr ajymwJh pum;xJrSmudk ygaewmudk; rr&JU}
csd K/ /]atmifr,f ? rif;ursm; igh 'Dvkd ajym&ovm;? igwkdY om;csif; wpfpk teufu armifbaomf twGufqdk igwkdY
vifr,m;u vGJNyD; b,folursm; tusdK;aqmifzl;w,f &SdvkdYvJ? wqdwf&Sd&if igwkdY vifr,m;uyJ wdwfwdwfuav;
aiGydkUcJh&w,f r[kwfvm;? rif;qDvJ pmwpfapmif wpfavawmh olxnfhrSmyJ? rif;u bmrsm; wifydkYzl;vkdUvJ?
azazqkdwmrSmawmh olUqDu pm&&if enf;enf;uav; zwfMunfhvdkY olUqDu pmrSef;od&ifyJ qHk;atmifawmif
zwfrMunfhbl;? wpfcgwnf; qkwfypfvkdufwmyJ}
ausmf / /]r,Hkaygif rr&,f}
a&TOa'gif;
csd K/ /]r,Hkcsifae ? ,Hkcsif,Hkav? iguawmh [kwfwJh twkdif; ajymwmyJ}

0wfvHkawmf&BuD;rSmrl ,if;uJhodkY ¤if;wkdYarmifESr pum; uawmufuq ajymMuonfudk rnfolu rSefonf?
rnfolu rSm;onf[lí ra0cGJEkdifbJ ai;armum omvQif Munfhae&av\/
______
rdrd\ udk,fudk OD;baomf jzpfaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdí tarGtESpf ypönf;rsm;udk rdrd qkdifonf[k qkdaomolrSm ,cktcgü
toufig;q,f t&G,fcefYrQ &SdcJhavNyD/ ¤if;\ xGufqkdcsufrSm olonfzcifESifh &efjzpfcJhí ausmif;rS xGufajy;
NyD;aemuf rkd;ukwfNrdKUokdY oGm;a&mufNyD;vQif ywåjrm;wGif;wl;azmfonfhvkyfief;udkvkyfudkifcJh&m yxrü rsm;pGm rBuD;yGm;
cJhaMumif;? okdY&mwGif ESpftenf;i,f twGif;wGif tzkd;wefywÖåjrm; tajrmuftrsm; wl;azmf&&SdcJhí <u,f0csrf;omaom
tjzpfodkYwdkifa&mufcJhonfwGif wpfOD;aomolESifh ckduf&efjzpfyGm;í ½kdufESufonfh'Pf&mjzifh aq;½Hkü wufae&
aMumif;? ¤if;\ 'Pf&mrSm tawmftwef BuD;us,fcJhonfjzpfí aq;½Hkü &ufaygif;rsm;pGm wufae&qJwGif rdrdESifh
tpkpyfvkyfudkifaom olonf &SdorQ ypönf;rsm;udk ,lí xGufajy;aMumif;? xkdtcsdeftcgrS pí rdrdrSm a&S;enf;twl
vlrGJwpfa,muf jzpfNrJom jzpfí jrefrmjynftwGif; ajcOD;vSnfh&m tESHUtjym; vSnfhvnfoGm;vm aexkdifcJhaMumif;?
aemufqHk;ü ppfBuD; jzpfyGm;cJhonfwGif ppfom;rsm; pkaqmif;aom ppfAdkvfonf rdrdtm; jrifvQifjrifjcif;yif cspfcif
Muifemonfjzpfí *sr'g&mxl;ü cefYxm;onfESifh ppfajrjyifodkY vkdufygoGm;cJhaMumif;? wpfaeYoü AHk;qH xdrSefonfh
'Pf&mESifh aq;½Hkü ae&pOf rdrdwkdY ppfwyfonf *smrefwkdYESifh ,SSOfNydKifwkdufckduf&m ta&;edrfhcJhonf jzpfí rdrdESifh wuG
ppfom;tcsdKUwkdYonf &efolwkdY\ vufwGif;odkY usa&mufcJhaMumif;? ,if;odkY &SdpOf oHkYyef;ppfom;jcif; vJvS,frnfudk
apmifhqkdif;í ae&jcif;rSm ysif;&dzG,faumif;vSonf jzpfí tpdk;&udk tm;rudk;bJ rdrd tvkdtavsmuf vGwfajrmuf&m
vGwfajrmufaMumif; BuHpnfcJh&m aemufqHk;wpfaeYü rdrdtBuH txajrmufí *smrefwkdY\ vufrS xGufajy;wdrf;a&Smif
EdkifcJhaMumif;/
,if;uJhodkY vGwfuif;cJhNyD;aemuf jrefrmjynfodkY jyefvnf vma&muf&ef tvkdr&Sdonf jzpfí ,kd;',m;jynfodkY
0ifNyD;vQif ppfbufqkdif&mü trIxrf;&GufcJhaMumif;? wpfaeYoü jrefrmjynfrS xkwfa0aom e,l;bm;rm; owif;pm
wpfapmifudk aumuf,lMunfh½IrdonfwGif rdrd\ zcif aoqHk;NyD jzpfí nDjzpfol armifbausmfu tarGtESpf
ypönf;rsm; taMumif;ESifh pyfvsOf;í rdrdtrnfudkyg azmfjyNyD;vQif aMumfjimxnfhoGif;í xm;onfudk zwf½I&aMumif;?
aMumfjimudk awGUjrifp tcgü tarGrsm;udk vkdcsifonfhpdwf r&Sdojzifh xkdufoifh&m aqGrsdK;rsm; pm;oHk;ayapawmh
[líyif atmufarhrdcJhaMumif;? odkY&mwGif ESpfy&dapä'&SnfMumaom tcgü rdrdarG;zGm;&m Zmwdjzpfaom jrefrmjynfBuD;
udk rkd;tHkYaeYwpfaeYwGif vGrf;qGwf wrf;w rdonf jzpfí jyefvnfoGm;a&mufNyD;vQif rdrd &xkduforQaom v,f? ,m?
acsmif;? ajr? tarGtESpfwkdYudk qufcHodrf;ydkuf&ef tBuHjzpfcJhaMumif;? ,if;uJhodkY tBuHjzpfcJhonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf
,kd;',m;jynf ppfbufqkdif&m t&m&SdBuD;rsm;xH cGifhyefNyD;vQif jrefrmjynfokdY wpfzef jyefvnf vma&mufcJhaMumif;?
nDjzpfol ppfuJarmifbausmf aexkdif&m t&yfudkvnf; ]pDNADvpf} ac: tpdk;&t&m&SdwkdY\ emrnfpm&if;wGif
Munfh½Ijcif;tm;jzifh od&SdcJh&í ¤if;xH rdrdqkdufa&mufaMumif;udk pmjzifh a&;om; taMumif;Mum;vkdufjcif; jzpfaMumif;
rsm;ESifh xGufqkdav\/
ppfuJBuD; armifbausmfrSm wnfhrwf½kd;ajzmifhaom pdwfoabm&SdcJhonfh tavsmuf ¤if;tjzpftysufrsm;udk
Mum;odumrQ ESifhyif ½Hk;jyifuEém;ü ckcHajymqkdjcif;rjyKbJ qkdif&mypönf;t&yf&yfwkdYudk vTJtyfí ay;vkdaom pdwfqE´
&SdcJhav\/ odkY&mwGif ¤if;tm; cspfcifol rdwfaqGtaygif;ESifh wuG 0wfvHkawmf&BuD; OD;om'ifu ,if;uJhodkY
wpfcgwnf; vTJtyfjcif;onf roifhravsmf? xkdolonf rdrdudk,fudk olaX; OD;atmifBuD;\om; OD;baomf
jzpfaMumif;udk ½Hk;rif;rsm; pdwfauseyfavmufatmif oufao om"u wifjyEkdifonfh tcgrS omvQif vTJtyfí
ay;oifhaMumif;rsm;ESifh tBuHay;Muav\/
nDtpfudk ESpfa,mufwkdYonf wpfOD;tm; wpfOD; rjrifbl;MubJ uGJuGmvsuf &SdMuonfrSm ESpfaygif; 30 eD;yg;rQ

&SdcJhMuavNyD/ ¤if;jyif OD;baomf xGufoGm;pOftcg OD;bausmfrSm 15 ESpft&G,f ausmif;om;oli,frQ omvQif &SdcJhav
o;onf jzpfí rSwfrdEkdif&ef cJ,Of;avawmh\/ okdY&mwGif OD;baomfonf aumvdyfausmif; aepOftcgu ½kduful;í
ydkYvkdufaom "mwfyHkwpfyHk ? olaX;OD;atmifBuD;\ ZeD; raoqHk;rDu rdom;wpfpk ½kduful;xm;aom "mwfyHkwpfyHk
&SdcJhonf rSef\/ 'kwd, "mwfyHkü orD;BuD; rwifcsdKrSm 13 ESpf? armifbaomfrSm 11 ESpf? armifbausmfrSm 4 ESpfom;
t&G,frQ toD;oD; &SdcJhMuav\/ ,cka&mufvmol OD;baomf qkdolonf vlyHkvlyef;onf "mwfyHkESpfyHkwGif &Sdaom
vlyHkvlyef;ESifh wlnDaMumif;udk jrif&olwkdif;uyif 0efcHcJhMu&av\/
xkdYjyif OD;bausmfxHodkY ]axmfwd} tpcsDí a&;vkdufaom pmrS vufa&;onf rwifcsdKxH a&S;tcgu a&;cJhzl;aom
pmESifh ,yifh? &&pf qGJyHk? wpfacsmif;iif qGJyHk? towfqGJyHk rSpí tvHk;pHkwlnDí vlwpfa,mufwnf; a&;aom
pmjzpfaMumif; aumif;pGm xif&Sm;cJhav\/
,if;odkY jzpf&um; ¤if;trIudk [kdufuGwf½Hk;ü ppfaq;onfhtcgwGif OD;bausmfbufrS avQmufvJ uefYuGufaom
0wfvHkawmf&BuD; OD;om'ifrSm BuD;pGmaom tcuftcJ BuD;rsm;ESifh awGUBuHK&av\/
OD;bausmfbufrS ta&;tBuD;qHk;aom oufaorSm rwifcsdK jzpfavonf/ rwifcsdKonf yuwl;rS pí xkdolonf
rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQ OD;baomf rjzpfEdkif[k pGJjrJpGm ,HkMunfcJhol wpfa,muf jzpfavonf/ odkYjzpfí usrf;opöm
wkdufNyD;aemuf a&SUaeBuD;u ar;cGef;xkwfonfh tcgwGif ,cktrIü w&m;vkdonf rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQ rdrd\ armif
armifbaomf r[kwfEdkifaMumif;? w&m;vkd\vlyHkvlyef;ESifh armifbaomf\vlyHkvlyef;rSm rnfonfhae&m wpfuGufürQ
wlnDonfh tcsufudk rdrd Munfhí rjrifEdkifaMumif;? rdrd&&Sdaom pmrS vufa&;ESifh armifbausmf &&Sdaom pmrS
vufa&;onfvnf; wpfvHk;wpfyg'rQ rwlnDaMumif;ESifh twdtvif;yif wif;wif;rmrm jiif;qkdcJhav\/
¤if;txdrSmrlum; OD;bausmf bufrS ta&;ombdouJhodkY &SdaecJhav\/
okdY&mwGif rwifcsdK rxkacsEdkifaom tcsufrSmvnf; &SdcJhavao;onf/ ¤if;wkdUrSm 0wfvHkawmf&BuD; OD;om'ifonf
OD;baomfbufrS wpfcsufwnf;ESifh ta&;edrfhap&ef &nf&G,fcJhNyD;vQif OD;baomf xHrS rwifcsdK &&Sdzl;aom pmrsm;udk
tvHk;pHk &Smí rawGUaomfvnf; pmrsm;&&Sdaom ckESpf ouú&mZf? pmrsm;xnfhvkdufaom t&yfa'owkdY\
trnfrsm;ESifhwuG pmwGifyg&Sdaom taMumif;t&mwkdYudkyg wwfEdkiforQ pHkvifpGm rwifcsdKtm; a&;om;apNyD;vQif
½Hk;rif;xH wifoGif;jyxm; cJhav\/ w&m;vkdOD;baomf\ bufrSvnf; OD;baomfu rnfonfhESpf? rnfonfhtcgwGif
rnfonfhae&mrS aeí rnfodkYaom taMumif;udpö aMumifh tpfrxHokdY vnf;aumif;? zcifxHokdY vnf;aumif; pmrsm;
a&;om; ay;ydkYcJhzl;aMumif;rsm;udk tvTma&;om; wifoGif;í xm;cJhav\/ ½Hk;rif;onf rwifcsdK\ tvTmESifh
OD;baomf\ tvTmwkdYudk EIdif;,SOfí zwf½Iaom tcg ckESpf ouú&mZfvnf; rvGJ? pmrsm;xnfh&m t&yfa'ovnf;
rvGJ? pmwGif yg&Sdonf qkdaom taMumif;t&m wkdYrSmvnf; ruGJrjym;bJ tvHk;pHk xyfwlxyfrQ tHusvsuf&Sdonfudk
awGUjrif&av\/ odkYygaomfvnf; OD;bausmf\ bufrS xkacsonfhw&m;vkdonf OD;baomf tppfr[kwfbJvsuf
OD;baomf uJhokdYyif vlavvlvGifh wpfa,muf jzpfí OD;baomf tppfESifh wpfae&m&mü qHkawGUrdMuonfjzpfí
¤if;xHrS xkdktjcif;t&m tjzpftysufrsm;udk Mum;od rSwfom;íxm;jcif; jzpfaMumif;ESifh xkacsjyefav\/
xkdtcg w&m;vkdonf i,fpOftcgu rdbrsm;ESifh twl aexkdifcJh&onfh tjzpftysuf taMumif;t&mrsm;ESifh wuG
ausmif;om; t&G,fwGif ausmif;ü aexkdifcJh&yHk? aMu;aiGoHk;pGJrIESifh ywfoufí zcifjzpfolESifh rMumcP pum;rsm;&yHk
taMumif;rsm;udk pyfMum;rSod&onfh vu©Pmrygr&SdbJ ukd,fwkdif'dX awGUBuHKcJh&aomtaMumif;t&mrsm; jzpfaMumif;
aumif;aumif;BuD; xif&Sm;apavmufatmif uGufuGufuGif;uGif; xifvif;aocsm oGufvufpGm ajymqkdEkdifav&um;
armifESrESpfa,mufwkdYonf rsm;pGmtHhtm;oifhvsuf &SdaecJhMuav\/ odkUjzpfaomaMumifh w&m;olBuD;onf
w&m;vkdrSm rdrd\trI xif&Sm;atmif oufao om"u wifjyEdkifygayonf[k oabmusNyD;vQif w&m;vkdtm;
tEkdifay;í {u 3000 ausmf v,fajrwkdYudk w&m;vkdtm; vTJtyfap[k trdefUcsrSwfvkdufav\/
a&TOa'gif;
ppfuJ OD;bausmfonf ¤if;trdefU csrSwfcsuftwkdif; rdrdvuf0,fü xdef;odrf;í xm;&aom v,fajrrsm;udk

w&m;vkdokdY vTJtyfcJh&í w&m;vkdonf ypönf;rsm;udk vufcH odrf;ydkufNyD;aemuf tajcwus aexkdifcJhojzifh
ajcmufvcefYrQ Mumaomtcg wpfaeYoü toufav;q,ft&G,fcefU &Sdí jzLjzLwkwfwkwf cefYcefYjim;jim;ESifh
rif;uawmf[efaygufaom rdef;r wpfa,mufonf uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdU aexkdif&m wkdufcef;odkY wufvmí
]OD;pH&Sm; r&Sdygoavm} [k ar;jref;av\/
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;onf aumif;rGefpGm ae&mxkdifcif; ay;NyD;aemuf udpöudk ar;jref;&m ¤if;rdef;ru rdrdrSm ppfuJ
OD;bausmf\ ZeD;jzpfaMumif; ? OD;bausmf qkdolrSmvnf; rMumao;rDu jzpfyGm;cJhaom tarGrIBuD;wGif w&m;cHjzpfcJhí
w&m;½HI;cJhonf jzpfaMumif;? rdrdwkdYrSm &mxl;ESifhwuG ypönf;Opöm t&mXmeü qkdzG,f&m r&Sdonfhjyif vifESifh
r,m;rSmvJ txl;ojzifh oifhwifhnDnGwfMuí udk,f\ csrf;omjcif;? pdwf\ csrf;omjcif; tp&SdonfwkdUESifh
jynfhpHkcJhonf rSefaomfvnf; rdrdwdkU\ om;orD;rsm; &oifh&xkdufaom ypönf;rsm;udk vlvdrfvlaumuf wpfOD;
wpfa,mufu r[kwfrw&m; vdrfvnf pm;oHk;vsuf &Sdonfudk vspfvsLOayu©mjyKí aecJhygrl rdbwkdY\ wm0ef
0wå&m; ausyGef&ma&mufrnfr[kwfaMumif;? ¤if;trIBuD;ü tEkdif&cJhaom w&m;vdkrSm OD;baomf tppf r[kwfEkdif
aMumif;? odkYjzpfí rdrdESifhwuG rdwfo*F[taygif;wkdUu cifyGef;onf OD;bausmfftm; t,lcH0if&ef wkdufwGef; EId;aqmf
Muygaomfvnf; OD;bausmf\ oabmrSm w&m;vkdonf rdrd\ tpfudk tppf[kwfvQifvnf; [kwfrnf? r[kwfbJ
&SdvQifvnf; &Sdrnf? tu,fí t,lcH 0ifcJhaomf tpfudk tppfr[kwfvQif oifhavQmfyg\? tu,fí tpfudk tppf
jzpfcJhygrl ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm rdbaqGrsdK;wkdUESifh cGJcGmí Muyfwnf;qif;&JpGm aexkdifcJh&NyD;aemuf vufodkYa&mufNyD;aom
tarGudk nDjzpfolu wGefUwkdonfh oabmjzifh aESmifh,SufuefUuGuf&m a&mufacsawmhrnf? tu,fí tpfudk&if;
ppfppf rSefygvsufESifh rdrdu t,lcH0ifcJhí rdrdu tEkdif&cJhygrl ¤if;ypönf;rsm;udk pm;aomuf&aom rdrd\ om;orD;
wkdUrSm oHcJawGudk rsdK&bdouJhodkY ylavmif&&Smacsawmhrnf? okdYjzpfaomaMumifh rSm;onf jzpfap? rSefonf jzpfap
t,lcHr0ifvkdawmhaMumif;rsm;ESifh jyefajymaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdav\/
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;onf ¤if;trIBuD; ppfaq;pOftcguyif ta&;w,l apmifhMuyfem;axmifcJhNyD;vQif rdrdESifh
roufqkdifojzifh rnfodkYrQ yg0ifpGufzuf&ef tcGifhta&; r&&SdcJhbJ ¤if;trIBuD;ü rSwfom;zG,f&m tcsufrsm; yg&Sdonf
[k uRefawmfhtm; ajymMum;cJhzl;onf jzpf&m ,ckwzef trIonfwpfOD;udk,fwkdif rdrdxH vma&mufjyefaom tcgüum;
0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om em;pdkufcg &Sdaeav\/
¤if;aemuf ppfuJuawmf a':pdrf;jr qufvufí ajymjyonfrSm
jr/ /]uRefrvJ onfavmuf avmbxGufvkdY r[kwfygbl;&Sif? EkdYayrJh om;orD;wGuf qkdwm rdbjzpfolu &oifh &cGifh
&Sdoavmuf &&SdzkdU[m rdbwkdYrSm 0wå&m; &Sdwmudk; OD;pH&Sm;&JU}
&S m;/ /]rSefayw,f? rSefayw,f}
jr/ /]udkbausmf uawmhvJ t,lcH0ifzkdY&m uRefr ajymcJhwJh twkdif; b,fenf;ESifhrS ajymvkdY em;r0ifbl;&Sifh? tJ'Dawmh
t,lcHvJ r0ifbJESifh OD;pH&Sm;u wpfenf;wpfzHk BuHpnfNyD; onftrIrSm rSefwJhtwkdif; jzpf&atmif BuHaqmifNyD;
ay;apcsifygw,f &Sif}
&S m;/ /]wwfEkdiforQ BudK;pm;yghr,f cifAsm? pdwfcsyg? 'gxuf aemufxyfNyD; ouFmruif; jzpfp&m wpfpHkwpf&mrsm;
ay:aygufao;ygovm; cifAsm}
jr/ /]onfvkd ay:aygufvkdYvJ r[kwfygbl;&Sif}
&S m;/ /]'gjzifh xif½Hkxif&wmyJvm;}
jr/ /]onfvkdvJ ruygbl;&Sif}
&S m;/ /]'gjzifh b,fvkdvJ cifAsm? ajymjyprf;ygOD;}
jr/ /]wyfwyftyftyf aoaocsmcsm BuD;&,fvkdUawmh bmwpfckrS ajymyavmufatmif r&Sdygbl;&Sifh? EkdYayrJh onfvl

[m udkbaomf tppfrjzpfEkdifbl;qkdwm uRefrpdwfxJrSm tpOftNrJyJtpGJBuD;pGJNyD;aeygw,f&Sif? onftrIrSm&Sif;vif;Ekdif
wJh vl[mvJ jrefrmjynfrSm &Sifwpfa,mufyJ&Sdw,fvkdY ,HkMunfNyD; wwfEkdiforQ ulnDzkdU awmif;yefr,fvkdY vma&muf
cJhjcif; jzpfygw,f OD;pH&Sm;&Sif? onftwGuf ukefus&orQ p&dwfudkvJ uRefr wm0efyJ &Sdygap&Sif}
&S m;/ /(aq;wHudk aq;xnfhí rD;ñSdumzGm&if;) ]onftrIESifh ywfoufNyD; 0wfvHkawmf& OD;om'ifESifh rif;uawmfESihf
wkdifyifESD;aESm zl;Mu ygovm;}
jr/ /]OD;om'if raorDu wpfcg wkdifyifMunfhzl;ygw,f&Sif}
&S m;/ /]ol bmajymovJ cifAsm}
jr/ /]w&m;vkdbufu wifjywJh oufaoom"u awG[m tifrwefvHkavmufNyD; aevkdY t,lcH0ifzkdYawmif
awmfawmfcJ,Of;om;yJwJh oluvJyJ w&m;vdk[m udkbaomf tppfr[kwfbl; &,fvkdUawmh olUpdwfrSm xifygw,fwJh?
EkdYayrJh tppf r[kwfaMumif;udk xif&Sm;atmif vkyfzkdY rwwfEkdifavmufatmif jzpfaew,fwJh ajymzl;ygw,f&Sif}
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;onf rnfodkYrQ jyefí rajymbJ aq;wHudk aomufzGmí twefMumatmif pOf;pm;pdwful;um
&SdaecJh&m a': pdrf;jronf ¤if;\ xifjrifcsufudk odvkdvSNyD jzpfí
jr/ /]b,fhES,fvJ&Sif? jzpfEkdifzkdY&m enf;vrf;rsm; jrifygovm;}
&S m;/ /]rSefwJhtwkdif;awmh jzpfygaphr,f cifAsm? okdYaomfvJ onf;cHNyD; apmifh&vdrfhr,f}
jr/ /]b,favmufMumMumrsm; apmifh&rvJ &Sif}
&S m;/ /]wpfESpfyJ Mumrvm;? onfxufyJ MumOD;rvm;? trSefrajymEkdifatmif &Sdygw,f rif;uawmf? onftrIrSm
uRefawmf arQmfvifhxm;wmav;wpfck jzpfay:vmzkdYapmifhqkdif;&vdrfhr,f? tJ'gwpfck jzpfay:vQifjzpfay:jcif; uRefawmf
pwifNyD; tvkyfvkyfzkdYyJ &Sdw,f}
jr/ /]wu,fvkdY arQmfvifhwJh twkdif; rjzpfay:cJhvkdY &Sdvsifaum &Sif}
&S m;/ /]jzpf&r,f rif;uawmf? uRefawmfh pum;udk ,HkMunfyg? trSef jzpfay:ygvdrfhr,f cifAsm}
jr/ /]udkif;'gjzifh uRefr pdwfcsNyD; apmifhaeawmhr,f ? jyefvkdufygtHk;r,f&Sif}
______
¤if;aemuf ajcmufvcefU twGif; armifpH&Sm;onf OD;baomf qkdol\ taMumif;udk owif;em;axmifvsuf

arQmfvifhapmifhqkdif;vsuf &SdcJh&m wpfpHkwpf&mrQ xl;xl;jcm;jcm; rjzpfyGm;cJhao;bJ &SdaecJhav\/ OD;baomf qkdolonf
v,fajrtcsdKUudk a&mif;csNyD;vQif aumif;rGefcrf;em;aom wkdufBuD;wpfwdkufudk wnfaqmufvsuf tpOfrjywf
tjidrfhwD;jcif;? yGJcHjcif;? pm;yGJauR;jcif;? rl;,pfaomufpm;jcif; tp&Sdaom aysmfyg;rI trsdK;rsdK;wkdYjzifh tcsdefukefvGef
vsuf &SdaMumif;udk owif;&&SdcJhonf rSef\/ okdU&mwGif ¤if;tjyKtrlonf OD;baomf tppf\ tusifhpm&dwåESifh
rnDrnGwf[k ajymqkd&ef r&Sdonfjzpfí ¤if;twGuf ta&;,l&eftaMumif; wpfpHkwpf&mrQ r&Sdacs/
,if;odkY&SdpOf OD;baomfrSm xkdtouft&G,fodkY wkdifatmif om;r,m; r&Sdao;onfjzpfí NrdKUolNrdKUom; taygif;wkdUu
xkdolonf ypönf;OpömESifhjynfhpHkygvsuf wpfoufvHk;yif vlysdKBuD;vkyfíaeacsawmhrnfavm? tu,f tdrfaxmif
&ufom; jyKcJhygvQifvJ rnfodkUaom rdef;rrsdK;ESifh pHkzufygrnfenf; tp&Sdojzifh awG;awm ajymqkdMuNyD;vQif "eOpöm
a&TOa'gif;
rckdifvHkbJvsuf ½kyf&nfacsmarmvSyaomorD;&SifwkdYrSmvnf; tqif;ESifhOpömvJvS,f&aomf oifhavsmfrnf xifaMumif;

rsm;ESifh arQmfvifh apmifhqkdif;um &SdaecJhMu&Smav\/
wpfaeUoürlum; OD;baomfonf tpfrjzpfol rkkqkd;r rwifcsdKESifh &efNidK;ajyMuNyD;vQif rwifcsdKonf armifjzpfol\
tdrfaxmifudk OD;pD;&ef ¤if;ESifh twlwuG ajymif;a&TUaexkdifcJhonfwGif ,cifu orD;&SifwkdYrSm arQmfvifhzG,f&m
r&SdacsawmhNyD wum; [k rsm;pGm 0rf;enf;Mu&Smav\/
¤if;owif;udk uRefawmf\ rdwfaqG armifpH&Sm; Mum;od&aomtcg ,cifu xkdtrIudk arhavsmhvsuf &SdbdouJhodkY
vHk;vHk;ypfí xm;&mrS ta&;w,l jzpfcJhNyD;vQif OD;baomf? OD;bausmf wkdY arG;zGm;&m jzpfaom NrdKU&GmodkU vnf;aumif;?
,cktcg armifESr ESpfa,mufwkdU twlwuG aexkdifMuaom NrdKUodkUvnf;aumif;? oGm;a&mufaxmufvSrf;
pHkprf;ar;jref;NyD;vQif ¤if;a'orsm;ü aexkdifol wpfOD;ESpfOD; wkdUESifhvnf; rMumcP pmay;pm,l jyKvkyfonfudkvnf;
uRefawmf od&Sd&av\/
¤if;aemuf wpfvcefYrQ MumcJhjyefaomf armifpH&Sm;onf uRefawmfhudk ac:NyD;vQif OD;baomfwkdU armifESr
aexkdif&mNrdKUodkU oGm;a&mufí rdwfaqG wpfOD;xHü wnf;cdkaexkdifvsuf xkdarmifESrESifh todtuRrf; jzpfatmif
BudK;pm; tm;xkwfcJhav\/
armifpH&Sm;rSm xkdtcgu rdrdtrnfESifh tvkyftudkif wkdUudk vTJajymif;ajymqkdNyD;vQif pufydkifwpfa,muf jzpfí
pyg;rsm; 0,fjcrf;&ef awmodkY wufvmjcif; jzpfonfhtaejzifh aexkdifcJh&m wpfaeUoü pyg;yGJpm;wpfa,mufu
todrdwfaqG zGJUay;ojzifh uRefawmfwkdYrSm OD;baomf\ aetdrfodkU 0ifxGufcGifh &cJhav\/
wpfaeUoü uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdUonf OD;baomfu npmxrif; vma&mufoHk;aqmif&ef zdwfMum;ojzifh
oGm;a&mufMu&m xrif;pm;aomufí NyD;MuvQif armifpH&Sm;onf rwifcsdKESifh ESpfa,mufwnf; pum;ajym&ef tcGifhudk
apmifhqkdif;í tcGifhomonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf
&S m;/ /]aeygOD; rrcsdK cifAs? uRefawmf wpfck ar;yg&apOD;? rrcsdK a,mufsm; udkbdk;xdef qkdwm uRefawmfESifh
ausmif;aebuf oli,fcsif; udkbdk;xdef [myJ rSwfygw,f}
csd K/ /]&Sifu b,ft&yfom;vJ}
&S m;/ /]uRefawmfu zsmyHkNrdKUom; Zmwdyg cifAsm? uRefawmfodwJh udkbkd;xdef[m}
csd K/ /][kwfuJh [kwfuJh} [k ajymNyD; armifpH&Sm;\ pum;udk qHk;atmif em;raxmifbJ xkdif&mrS xoGm;av\/
armifpH&Sm;rSmrl aq;wHudkaomuf&SL&if; rwifcsdK oGm;&mudk arQmfMunfhvsuf OD;acgif;ndwfum usefae&pfav\/
xkdaeUrSpí OD;baomfonf uRefawmfwkdYtm; ¤if;tdrfodkY vma&mufvnfywf&ef rzdwfMum;awmhojzifh uRefawmfwkdYrSm
¤if;\ aetdrfodkY 0ifxGufcGifh r&bJ &SdcJh&m wpfaeUoürlum; armifpH&Sm;\ pDrHcsufaMumifh ¤if;\ rdwfaqGu
OD;baomfudk xrif;pm; zdwfMum;ojzifh ¤if;\ rdwfaqGtdrfwGif OD;baomfESifh awGUqHkcGifh &cJhjyefav\/
armifpH&Sm;onf OD;baomfESifh ESpfa,mufwnf; pum;ajymqkd&ef tcGifhay: onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf
&S m;/ /]OD;baomfwkdU trIqkdifwkef;u uRefawmfjzifh aeUwkdif; ½Hk;oGm;NyD; trIppfwm em;axmifrdwmyJ cifAsm}
aomf / /]bmaMumifhvJAsmh}
&S m;/ /]rrcsdK a,mufsm; udkbkd;xdefESifh uRefawmfESifh qkdawmh tifrwef cifMuwJh ausmif;aebuf oli,fcsif; jzpfcJhMu
zl;wmudk; cifAs? 'gxuf udkbdk;xdef wpfa,muf}
aomf / /]udpöuav;wpfck &Sdao;w,fcifAsm? cGifhjyKygOD; } [kajymNyD;vQif xkdif&mrSxí tdrf&Siftm; EIwfqufNyD;
aemuf tdrfay:rS qif;oGm;av\/
aemufwpfaeUü armifpH&Sm;onf ta&;BuD;aom udpöwpfck &Sdojzihf awGUqHkvkdygaMumif;ESifh OD;baomfxH pmwpfapmif

a&;om; apvTwfvkduf&m OD;baomfonf pmudkvnf; rjyef? pmydkUoltm;vnf; rnfokdYrQ pum;jyefrMum;bJ &SdaecJh
av\/
xkdtcgüum; armifpH&Sm;onf¤if;NrdKU&Sd XmemodkY oGm;a&mufí Xmemtkyftm; tjzpftysuf tusdK;taMumif;
tenf;i,fudk tusOf;csKyf ajymjyNyD;vQif XmemtkyfESifh uRefawmfwkdYESpfa,muf wkdYonf OD;baomf\ aetdrfodkY
oGm;a&mufMuav\/ XmemtkyfvJ ykvdyfom; av;a,mufwkdYtm; OD;baomf\ wkdufaemuf wkdufa&SU ponfwkdUrS
trSwfrJh apmifhqkdif;aeMu&efvnf; rSmxm;cJhav\/
uRefawmfwdkYoHk;OD;onf OD;baomf\ wkdufwGif;odkY 0ifrdMuaomtcg rwifcsdKESifh OD;baomf qkdol wkdUu rdrdwkdY\
ydkifeuftwGif;odkU tcGifhr&SdbJESifh0ifvmMuonfudk [pfatmfaigufief;umBuHK;0g;vsuf&SdpOf armifpH&Sm;u tvGefw&m
csdKomvSaom rsufESmxm;ESifh ¤if;wkdY\ pum;udk yrm rxm;bJ
&S m;/ /]OD;bkd;xdefwpfa,muf uomrSm qHk;&Smw,fqdkwm 0rf;enf;vkdufygawmhw,f cifAsm? wqdwfuav;rS rrcsdK
cifAsm? b,fESpfu qHk;ygvdrfhcifAsm}
csd K/ /]b,fESpfu qHk;qHk; &SifESifh bmqkdifovJ}
&S m;/ /]r[kwfygbl; cifAsm? wpfcsdKU remvkdwJh vlrsm;u ajymaeMuw,f cifAs? ukdbkd;xdef aow,f qkdwJh pum;[m
rrSefbl;wJh? b,fawmhurS raobl;wJh? raowJhtjyif a&S;uxufawmif usef;usef;rmrmBuD; jzpfNyD; OD;baomf
trnfESifh a[m[kdrSm xkdifaewJhvl[m olyJvkdYawmif ajymaeMuw,fcifAs}
xkdkcPü OD;baomf qkdolESifh rwifcsdKwkdUrSm rsufESmrsm; rnf;í oGm;MuNyD;vQif OD;baomf qkdolu ½kwfw&uf
[efvkyfum rsufESmxm;jyifNyD;vQif
]r[kwfwmawG cifAsm; b,fhES,f vmajymaewmvJ? toa&ysufrIESifh w&m;pGJ&rSmvm;}
&S m;/ /]rSefygw,f rSefygw,f? uRefawmfvJ onfpum;udk r,HkvkdU uomNrdKUudk udk,fwkdifoGm;NyD; pHkprf;r,fvkdY
BuHqJygyJ? onfvkdBuHaewkef;rSm rrcsdKa,mufsm; udkbdk;xdefudk i,fi,fwkef;u oduRrf;cJhwJh ta':BuD; wpfa,mufu
olUvuf0Jbuf vufarmif;rSm rD;avmifxm;wJh trm&GwfBuD; wpfck &Sdw,fvkdU ajymygw,f? rdwfaqG vufarmif;
wqdwfavmuf jyprf;ygvm; cifAsm}
]aoa&m[Jh acG;rom;} [k Budrf;0g;vsuf OD;baomf qkdolonf armifpH&Sm;tm; ukvm;xkdifwpfckESifh udkifí
aygufvkduf&m armifpH&Sm;onf OD;acgif;udkiHkUum wdrf;a&SmifNyD;vQif aemufwpfcPü XmemtkyfESihf armifpH&Sm;wkdUonf
OD;baomf okdYr[kwf udkbkd;xdef\ vufudk wpfa,muf wpfzufqD qkyfudkifNyD; jzpfMuav\/ ¤if;aemuf
Xmemtkyfu c&mrIwfvkdufonfwGif wkdufjyifrS apmifhaeaom ykvdyfom;wkdYonf wkdufwGif;odkY ajy;0ifvmMuí
w&m;cHESpfa,mufudk zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifMuNyD;vQif vdrfvnfrIESifh XmemodkU ac:aqmifoGm;Muav\/
¤if;w&m;cHESpfOD;wkdUteuf rwifcsdKrSm omvGefí csD;rGrf;zG,f&m aumif;cJhavonf/ OD;baomfESifh OD;bkd;xdefwkdUrSm
nDtpfudk0rf;uGJawmfpyfonfjzpfí vlyHkyef;jcif;tenf;i,fwlonfhtcsufudktoHk;jyKNyD;vQif aysmufqHk;ol OD;baomf
\ ae&mütpm;xkd;íay;&ef ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmrS tBuHjzpfay:ESifhí pdwf&Snfvuf&Snf BuHpnfpDrHyHkudkvnf;aumif;?
vifa,mufsm;qHk;[efaqmifNyD;aemuf rkqkd;r tylonftjzpfESifh aexkdifcJhyHkudkvnf;aumif;? trIudk ppfaq;onfh
tcgü ¤if;uyif OD;bausmfbufrS aeí taMumuftuef jiif;qefuefUuGufyHkudk vnf;aumif;? aemufqHk;aeUü
tppt&m&m tqifhoifh&Sdaom tcg rddrdwkdU\ tBuHtpnf txajrmufatmif BuHaqmifpDrHyHkudk vnf;aumif;?
axmufcsifhcJhaomf ¤if;rdef;ronf tvGefw&mÓPfoGm;vSonf jzpfí aumif;jrwfaom tBuHtpnfudk BuHpnf
aqmif&GufcJhygrl rkcsBuD;yGm;xkdufaom rdef;rwpfa,muf jzpfaMumif;udk 0efcHMu&ayvdrfhrnf/
a&TOa'gif;
trIudpöNyD;pD;í ppfuJOD;bausmf vifr,m;onf armifpH&Sm;xH vma&mufMuí aus;Zl;wifpum; ajymMum;aom

tcgü
ausmf / /]awmfvJ awmfygayw,f OD;pH&Sm; cifAsm? 'gaMumifhvJ ausmfMum;aywmyJ? 'gxuf aeprf;ygOD;Asm? olwkdU
vifr,m; tay:rSm b,ftcsufu pNyD; cifAsm; rouFm jzpfwmvJ ? ajymjyprf;ygOD; cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]onfvkdyg cifAsm? uRefawmfuvJ OD;baomf aoqHk;NyD qkdwm ppfuJBuD;wkdUvkdyJ aumif;aumif; ,HkMunfNyD;
jzpfavawmh w&m;vdk vkyfwJhvl[m {uEÅvlvdrfyJ vkdU ,lqrdygw,f? 'gjzifh aumif;NyD vlvdrf jzpfcJhvkdU&Sd&if
OD;baomf taMumif;udk i,fi,fuwnf;u pNyD; wyfwyftyftyf wpfwpfcGcG ? ca&aphwGif;us odEkdif&ygovJvkdU
pOf;pm;Munfhjyefawmh onfvl[m {uefrkcs tdrfom;aomfvnf; jzpf&r,f? okdUwnf;r[kwf twGif;vl wpfa,muf
a,mufESifhaomfvnf; q,foG,fjcif; &Sd&r,fvkdU awG;rdjyefw,f? NyD;awmh wpfcg "mwfyHkESifh w&m;vkd[m cyfqifqif
wlwJh tcsufudk owd&jyefawmh onfvl[m wjcm;r[kwf? OD;baomf&JU tpfudk 0rf;uGJ rwifcsdK&JU a,mufsm;yJ
jzpf&r,fvkdU uRefawmfpOf;pm;rdygw,f cifAsm}
rwifcsdKwkdU vifr,m;rSm ppfuJ OD;bausmfu aiGukefaMu;uscHí wwfEkdiforQ jypfrIayghavsmhatmif
BudK;pm;tm;xkwfcJhonf jzpfaomaMumifh axmif'Pftenf;i,frQ omvQif uscHMu&av&m uRefawmf\ rdwfaqG
armifpH&Sm;rSmrl ¤if;trIü aqmif&Gufonfh twGuf v,fajr{u 100 cefUrQ vufaqmiftjzpfESifh OD;bausmfxHrS &½Sd
cJhzl; avownf;/
NyD;ygNyD/
______
17/ bk&ifcHuawmf ykvJykwD;aysmufrIü pHkaxmufyHk

wpfaeUaom naeü armifodef;armifonf rEÅav;NrdKUodkU tvnftywf oGm;&mrS pmydkU&xm;ESifh jyefvmcJh&m
&efukefblwmodkY rD;&xm; qkdufa&mufNyD;aemuf pHkaxmufBuD; armifpH&Sm; aexkkdif&m vrf; 40 &Sd wkdufokdU
wufoGm;aom tcg tapcH armifbkd;opfESihf awGUí armifpH&Sm; r&Sdygoavm[k ar;jref;&mwGif bkd;opfu
armifpH&Sm; tdyfaysmfí aeaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdav\/ xkdtcg armifodef;armifu armifpH&Sm;\ tdyfcsdefrrSef pm;csdef
rrSef? xif&mjrif&m jyKwwfaom tavhtusifh udk od&SdNyD; jzpfí naecif;tcsdefü tdyfaysmfí aejcif;udk rsm;pGm
rtHhMobJ
armif / /]b,fhES,fvJa[h bkd;opf? ,ckwavm pHkaxmufzkdU vkduf&ao;ovm;}
opf/ /]vkduf&NyDvm; q&m? bm&Sdw,fvkdUawmh rqkdEkdifbl;? tdyfw,fvJ r&Sd? pm;w,fvJr&Sd? wpfaeUwjcm;
ydefukefygNyDaum q&m? ckeifu uRefawmfu npmxrif; b,ftcsdef pm;rvJ ar;awmh obufcg nae 7 em&D&SdrS
pm;rwJh q&m? OD;pH&Sm; vkyfvkdufrSjzifh tvGefcsnf;ygyJ q&m}
armif / /]'guawmh olUxHk;pHyJudk? igvJ odygw,f}
opf/ /]'DtrIu b,folUaemufudk ajc&mcHNyD; vkduf&wJh trIvJawmh rodbl; q&m? raeYwkef;uvJ wkdufaq;okwfwJh
vla,mifaqmifNyD; xGufw,f q&m? 'DuaeY tbkd;BuD;tkd ta,mifaqmifNyD; xGufawmhAsm uRefawmfawmif
txifrSm;rdao;w,f q&m? awmifa0S;BuD; ukdifvkdY? vG,ftdwfuav; vG,fvkdY? uGrf;awGpm;NyD; a,mifaypl;uav;ESifh
vkyfvmawmh wu,fhtnmom; tbkd;BuD;tkd ygyJ q&m}
armif / /]bm trI twGufvJ qkdwmawmh rif; enf;enf;rS r&dyfrdbl;vm;}
opf/ /]uRefawmhftxifawmh bk&ifcHuawmf 0wfwJh ykvJykwD; aysmufoGm;w,f qkdwJh trI[m xifw,f q&m}
armif / /]aMomf [dkwpfaeYu aiGwpfaomif;ausmf wefwJh ykvJykwD; wpfuHk; aysmufoGm;w,f qkdwJh [mvm;}
opf/ /][kwf[efwlw,f q&m? bk&ifcHuawmf ypönf;aysmufw,f qkdawmh ckwavmrsm;jzihf ykvdyfrif;BuD;a&m?
jynfxJa&; trwfa&m? tdrfrSm ½IyfoGm;wmyJ q&m}
armif / /]aMomf ? jynfxJa&; trwfBuD; udk,fwkdif vmovm;}
opf/ /]vmw,f q&m? tifrwef pdwfBuD;0ifyHk&wJh vlBuD; wpfa,mufyJ? ol pdwfBuD;0ifayrJh OD;pH&Sm;u q&m odwJh
twkdif;yJ? a*smhbk&ifrif;jrwfudk,fwkdif <uvmOD;awmh? aMumufvdrfhrvm; vefYvdrfhrvm;awmh enf;enf;rSr&Sdbl;?
cyfat;at;ESifh ½kd½kdaoaoyJ pum;ajymwmyJ? 'gxuf jynfxJa&;trwfBuD;uawmh OD;pH&Sm;tpGrf;udk w,fNyD;
,HkMunfvSwJh vu©Pm r&Sdbl;q&m? 'DtrIudk pHkaxmufzkdY ykvdyfrif;BuD;u OD;pH&Sm;udk iSm;wmawmif olu
oabmwl[ef vu©Pm r&Sdbl;}
armif / /]'DtaMumif;udk OD;pH&Sm; odovm;}
opf/ /]uRefawmfawmif pyfMum;uaeNyD; odao;wmyJ q&m? OD;pH&Sm; rodbJ aeyghrvm;}
armif / /]'gjzifh 'Davmuf [efBuD;yefBuD; &SdvSwJh jynfxJa&;trwf tmPmuav; wqdwfusdK;oGm;atmif 'DtrIrSm
udk,fhvl txajrmufygap cifAsm? 'gxuf [kdu jywif;ayguf em;rSm t0wfBuD;umxm;wm b,ftwGufvJ uGJU}
opf/ /]b,folUudk axmifw,fvkdY rqkdEkdifygbl; q&m? q&m oGm;NyD; t0wfudk z,fMunfh&if jrifygvdrfhr,f}
xkdtcg armifodef;armifonf xkdif&mrS xí t0wfudk vufESifh z,fvkduf&m armifpH&Sm;\ ½kyfyHkESifhwlatmif
jyKvkyfíxm;aom za,mif;½kyfBuD;wpf½kyfudk awGUjrif&av\/
a&TOa'gif;
armif / /]'D[mrsdK; vkyfjyefNyDudk;? t&ifwpfcgvJ 'Dt½kyfESifh axmifNyD; zrf;vkdufwm vlqkd;awG rdzl;yguvm;? 'Dwpfcg
b,folUudk axmifjyefw,f rqkdEkdifbl;}
opf/ /]'Dt½kyfBuD;xm;wJhaeYu pNyD; [kdbufwkdufuaeNyD; jywif;aygufrSm NyHK;pdNyHK;pdESifh vlqkd;awG acsmif;Muwm
uRefawmfjrif&w,f q&m? rD;utwGif;u xGef;NyD; t½kyfu jywif;aygufbufu xm;avawmh tcef;qD;ay:rSm
OD;pH&Sm;&JU t&dyfu oGm;NyD; xifwmudk; q&m&JU? wkdufa&SUu Munfh&if OD;pH&Sm; pmzwfaewmESifh wpfax&mxJyJ?
uRefawmfu 'Dt½kyfudk em&DrSm wpfcgavmuf wpfcgavmuf vSnfhvSnfhNyD; ay;&w,f q&m&JU}
armif / /]ig odygw,fuG,f? 'grsdK; igwkdY wpfcg vkyfzl; ygw,f}
xkdcPü tdrfcef;wHcg;onf yGifhvmí armifpH&Sm;onf tcef;wGif;rS xGufvm&m e*dk&ftm;jzifh ydefydef&Snf&Snf &Sdaom
armifpH&Sm;\ udk,fvHk;udk,faygufonf tpm;tpmudk rpm;ojzifh xkdtcgü a&S;uxufyif ydef&SnfBuD; jzpfaeav\/
&S m;/ /]aMomf udkodef;armif a&mufvmNyDudk;? udkif; bkd;opf t½kyfem;rSm rif;raeESifhawmh? awmfNyD ? rawmfwq
aoewfrsm; rSefoGm;rSjzifh wynfhaumif; wpfa,muf qHk;oGm;jyefawmhr,f? 'gxuf udkodef;armif? wu,fhtcsufyJ?
cifAsm; a&mufvmwm ae&musvdkufwmAsm? uRefawmfhudk aoewfESifh ypfowfcsifwJh taumifawG ay:vmMujyefNyDAs}
armif / /]t&ifuvkd avaoewfrsdK;yJvm;AsdKU}
&S m;/ /]t&ifu[mu bDtufpfat eHygwfwl; As? tck 'DvlawGu usKyfudk ypfzkdY acsmif;aewJh aoewfu 'Dxuf
aumif;ao;w,f? acgif;rsm;rSefvkdufr,f qkd&if xkwfcsif;aygufyJ? *smrefu vmwJh avaoewfvkdY ajymw,f}
armif / /]'gxuf? tckwpfavm cifAsm; xrif; rpm;bl;qkd ? b,fhES,faMumifhvJ Asm}
&S m;/ /]vlqkdwm 0rf;0&if ÓPfr&Tifbl;As? wu,fh t[kwft[wf jyif;jyif;xefxef ÓPfxkwfzkdYvkdwJh tcgus&if
usKyf xrif;rpm;bJ aewJh taMumif;udk cifAsm; odw,f r[kwfvm;? 'gaMumifh ur®Xmef; bm0em tm;xkwfwJh
vlrsm;[m &Spfyg;oDv xdef;NyD; npmxrif;rpm;bJ ae&if w&m;udk jrifvG,fwJh twGuf jrwfpGmbk&m; ynwfawmf
rlw,f r[kwfvm;}
armif / /]'g &SdapOD;awmh cifAsm? cifAsm; toufudk tckwpfavm aoaMumif;BuHwJh vlrsm;u b,folrsm;vJ}
&S m;/ /][kwfw,fAsdKU udkodef;armif? rawmfwq olwkdU tBuHtpnf txajrmufvkdU usKyfaooGm;r,fqkd&if
ajc&mcHzkdU vG,fatmif[m &efolUemrnf usKyf ajymxm;cJhrS awmfr,f? wqdwf a&;,lxm;prf;Asm? ygwmeDukef;vrf;
eHygwf 126 rSmaewJh OD;wkdif;ausmfwJhAs? a&;NyD;ygvm;}
armif / /]NyD;ygNyDAsm? 'gjzifh 'Davmuf aoaocsmcsm od&ifvJAsm? udk,fhudkudk,f ab;a&mufcHaeygayw,f?
wpfcgwnf; oGm;NyD; zrf;vdkuf&if rvG,fbl;vm;Asm}
&S m;/ /]zrf;vkdufwmuawmh tvG,fom;ayghAsm? zrf;vkduf&if vludkom rdrSmayghAsm? ykvJykwD; r&aybl;}
armif / /]aMomf 'Dvkdvm;}
&S m;/ /]'DvkdAs? okdUaomf wHig ajymwmrsdK;vkd 'if;wkdY b,frS rajy;Ekdifatmif ydkufawGESifhawmh tukef 0kdif;NyD;NyD?
cufwmu bmcufaeovJ qkdawmh tckae tcgrSm ydkufudk qGJvkduf&if vludkom rdr,fAs? ykvJykwD; r&bl;}
armif / /]vl b,fESpfa,muf rdzkdU cifAsm; axmifxm;ovJ}
&S m;/ /]OD;wkdif;ausmf qkdwJh vlu q&mBuD;yJ? 'Dtjyif olUwynfh aq;eDbkd;qif qkdwJh taumifrsm;vJ ygw,f? aygif;
oHk;a,mufygyJ}
armif / /]olwkdU tck b,frSmvJ]
&S m;/ /]'DuaeY wpfreufcif;vHk; tbkd;BuD; a,mifaqmifNyD; olwkdUaemuf usKyf vkdufaewmaygh? udkwkdif;ausmf qkdwJh
vlu awmifa0S; vGwfuswmawmif usKyfudk aumufNyD;ay;ao;w,f}
armif / /]'gjzifh olu cifAsm;rSef;udk vHk;vHk; r&dyfrdbl;aygh}
&S m;/ /]b,fu &dyfrdvdrfhrvJAsm? &dyfrd&if usKyf taoayghAs}
xkdtcgü avSum;rS wufvmonfh ajcoHrsm;udk Mum;ojzihf armifpH&Sm;ESifh armifodef;armif wkdUonf
pum;ajym&yfpJMuNyD;vQif tay: xyfodkU wufaom ajcoHavm? odkUwnf;r[kwf rdrdwkdU\ tcef;odkY vmrnfjzpfaom
ajcoHavm[k em;pGifhum &SdaeMu&m ¤if;txyfodkU a&mufaomtcg wHcg;udk acgufoHMum;ojzifh armifodef;armifu
rnfoljzpfaMumif;udk ar;vkdufonfwGif tjyifu vlu udkwkdif;ausmf jzpfaMumif;ESifh atmf[pfí ajymav\/
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;u wkdufatmufü b,fol&SdovJ[k wkdufa&SUjywif;aygufrS armifodef;armiftm; acsmif;ajrmif;
Munfh½Iap&m 00wkwfwkwf acgif;wHk;ajymifESifh vlwpfa,muf "mwfrD;wkdifatmufü &yfaeonfudk jrif&aMumif;ESifh
jyefajymaomtcg armifpH&Sm;u xkdolonf tjcm; r[kwf? aq;eDbkd;qif jzpfaMumif;? ¤if;wkdUonf pGefYpGefYpm;pm;
jyKvkyfawmhrnfh tBuHtpnf &Sdí rdrdxHokdY ,if;uJhodkY vma&mufjcif;jzpfaMumif;? odkYjzpfí armifodef;armifu
yef;qkd;wef;XmemodkY oGm;NyD;vQif tifpdydwfawmf armiftkef;azESifh ykvdyfom;ESpfa,mufudk ac:cJh&ef rSmxm;NyD;vQif
tdrfatmufavSum;rS wdwfwqdwf qif;oGm;ap&m armifodef;armifvnf; ckdif;aponfhtwkdif; jyKvkyfygrnf[k 0efcHí
qif;oGm;av\/
armifodef;armif qif;oGm;NyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf bkd;opfudk ac:í ,ck0ifvmrnfh udkwkdif;ausmf qkdoludk rdrd
rvmrjcif; {nfhcef;rS xkdifí apmifhaeap&ef rSmxm;NyD;vQif tdyfcef;odkY 0ifoGm;av\/
xkdaemuf bkd;opfonf wHcg;udk zGifhí ay;vkdufaomtcg tvHk;t&yf axmifaxmifarmif;armif;? EIwfcrf;arT;
aumif;aumif;ESifh rsufcHk;wkwfwkwf? rsufvHk;jyL;jyL;? ESmwHay:ay: &Sdaom vlwpfa,mufonf Zm0Dwyfxm;aom
wkwfBuD;wpfacsmif;udk udkifvsuf tcef;wGif;odkY 0ifvm&m rouFmaom rsufESmxm;ESifh tcef;wGif;odkY
apmif;ajrmif;um Munfh&mwGif za,mif;½kyf\ t&dyfudk uefYvefYum ay:wGif jrifojzifh tHhtm;oifhbdouJhokdY &Sdae
av\/ ¤if;aemuf tcef;wGif;ü rnfolrsm; &Sdaeao;ovJ[k OD;acgif;vSnfhum Munfh&mwGif rSeftdrfajymif;wpfckudk
yGwfwkdufíaeaom bkd;opfrS wpfyg; tjcm;ol wpfpHkwpfa,mufudkrQ rjrif&onfESifh za,mif;½kyf&Sd&mokdY
ajczsm;axmufum oGm;NyD;vQif wkwfBuD;udk ajr§mufum tm;ukefvTJí ½kdufawmhrnf jyKqJwGif ]rvkyfygESifh
udkwkdif;ausmf? ysufpD; oGm;yghr,f} [k armifpH&Sm;\ toHjzifh ¤if;\ aemufrS ajymvkdufaom toHudk
Mum;&onfjzpfí tHhMoBuD;pGmESifh toHMum;&modkY csmceJ vSnfhí Munfhav\/
xkdtcg tcef;0ü rwkefrvIyf &yfvsuf &Sdaeaom armifpH&Sm;udk jrifavvQif udkwkdif;ausmfonf toHMum;pOfu
thHMopGmESifh csxm;vkdufaom wkwfBuD;udk wpfzefajr§mufNyD;vQif OD;acgif;udk ½kdufcGJvkdufawmhrnf[efESifh armifpH&Sm;\
teD;odkY ajcoHk;vSrf;rQESifh a&mufatmif vSrf;vmcJhav&m armifpH&Sm;onf aMumuf&GUHjcif; trlt&m tvQif;rygbJ
NyHK;pdpd rsufESmxm;jzifh vufudkydkufum cyfat;at; &yfaeonfudk jrif&av&m ajr§mufxm;aom vufonf
atmufodkU wpfzef usoGm;jyefav\/
&S m;/ /]rvkyfygESifh q&mBuD;&,f? 'Dt½kyf wpf½kyfqkd&if aiGESpf&mausmf eD;yg; tukefcHNyD; vkyfxm;&wmygAsm?
cifAsm;wkdU avaoewfxuf tzkd;BuD;ygao;w,f}
ausmf / /]b,fu avaoewfvJ? b,folUrSm avaoewf &SdvkdUvJ}
&S m;/ /]*smreDu cifAsm;wdkUrSm,lwJh avaoewfajymygw,f? rwfwwfBuD; vkyfraeprf;ygESifhAsm? wkwfrsm; tomcs
xm;NyD; ukvm;xkdifrSm xkdifprf;ygOD;As? cg;xJu "m;ajr§mifu xkdifwJhtcgrSm rawmfwq cg;udk pl;awmhr,f? xkwfNyD;
xm;;ygOD;awmhvm;As? 'gxuf cifAsm;vmwm tcefUoifhvkdufwmAsm? usKyfuvJ cifAsm;udk awGUcsifaeqJygyJ}
a&TOa'gif;
ausmf / /(rsufarSmifMuKwfum EIwfcrf;arT;udk udkifvsuf) ]usKyfuvJ cifAsm;ESifh awGUcsifvkdY vmcJhwmyJ? cifAsm;

acgif;udk usKyf½kdufcGJrvkdU[m enf;enf;uav; vkdawmhw,f? cifAsm; w,fuHaumif;wJhvlyJ}
&S m;/ /(aygifwpfzufudk pm;yGJtpGef;wGif wifí ajcwpfzufudk,rf;vsuf) ]cifAsm; ½kdufcsifw,fqkdwm usKyfvJ
&dyfrdygw,f As? bmaMumifh usKyfudk cifAsm;wkdU 'Davmuf rsufrkef;usdK;aeMuovJAsm}
ausmf / /]usKyfudk cifAsm;u bmaMumifh vkdufNyD; aESmifh,SufovJ? cifAsm; vlawGudk bmhaMumifh usKyfaemuf
waumufaumuf vkdufapovJ}
&S m;/ /]b,fu usKyf vlawGvJ? b,folUudkrS usKyf tvkdufrckdif;&yguvm; cifAsm}
ausmf / /]bmaMumifh cifAsm; usKyfudk vdrfajymcsifovJ? usKyf rsufpdESifhudk 'dXjrifw,f}
&S m;/ /]vdrfzkdYqkdwm usKyfwpfoufvHk; 0goem rygygbl; udkwkdif;ausmf? cifAsm; txifvGJygvdrfhr,f}
ausmf / /]cifAsm;u cifAsm;wpfa,mufxJ rsufpdpl;w,f rxifESifhAs? 'Du taumifawGvJ cifAsm;vkd Munfhwwf
wmyJ? raeUwkef;uvJ aq;okwfwJh taumifwpfa,muf usKyfaemufudk wpfaumufaumuf vkdufaew,f? 'DuaeUvJ
tbkd;BuD;wpfa,muf wpfvkdufxJ vkdufaewmyJ? 'D[mawG cifAsm;u cifAsm;vlawG r[kwfzl;vdkU ajymcsifwmayghav}
&S m;/ /]aooGm;wJh pufuav;u ajym&Smw,f? ½kyfajymif;½kyfvTJ tqifuGJwJh ae&mawmh usKyfvkdvl
ESpfa,mufr&Sdbl;vkdU csD;rGrf;&Smw,f? ol csD;rGrf;wmvJrydkvSbl;AsdKU}
ausmf / /]tvkd 'gjzifh usKyfaemufu vkdufaewm cifAsm; udk,fwkdifayghav}
&S m;/ /(&,farmvsuf) ]tbkd;BuD;tkdBuD;u vufwkefwkef&D&DESifhrkdU awmifa0S;vGGwfusawmhawmif cifAsm;u aumuf
ay;ao;w,f r[kwfvm;}
ausmf / /(awmufacgufvsuf) ]½kdif;vkdufavAsm? cifAsm;rSef; rodvkduf&ygayyJ}
&S m;/ /]odrsm; odvkduf&if tckavmuf&Sd &ifcGJ½Hk a&mufNyDayghav? usKyfvJ &dyfrdygw,f}
ausmf / /]r[kwfygbl;? aeygOD;? usKyfaemufudk b,fhES,faMumifh cifAsm; wpfaumufaumuf vkdufae&wmvJ
ajymprf;ygOD;}
&S m;/ /]udkwkdif;ausmf &mZ0wftkyf tvkyfESifh wkef;u trJvkdufzl;w,f r[kwfvm;}
ausmf / /]vkdufzl;w,f? bmjzpfovJ}
&S m;/ /]bmaMumifh cifAsm; vkdufovJ}
ausmf / /]usm;tEÅ&m,fxlwJh ae&mudk toufpGefYNyD; oGm;&wm aysmfvkdYayghAsm}
&S m;/ /]usKyfvJ 'Dtwkdif;yJ? cifAsm;u usm;? usKyfu rkqkd;yJ? tJ'D Oyrm twkdif;yJ}
xkdtcg udkwkdif;ausmfonf ½kdufESufawmhrnfuJhodkU xkdif&mrS wpfzef xjyefav&m

&S m;/ /]'gawG vkyfraeprf;ygESifhAsm? pum;ajym ysufvSw,f? 'gxuf ykvJ ykwD;udk cifAsm; b,frSm xm;ovJ}
ausmf / /]BuHBuHpnfpnfAsm? b,fu ykvJykwD;vJ}
&S m;/ /]usKyf odNyD;om;awGygAsm? [efvkyfraeprf;ygESifh? cifAsm; 'DuaeUn usKyf qDudk vmjcif;[mvJ 'DtaMumif;udk
usKyf b,favmuf odrod? usKyfudk okwfoifzkdU b,favmuf ta&;BuD;rBuD; od&atmif pHkprf;zkdU cifAsm; vmwm
r[kwfvm;? trSefajym&rSmjzifh usKyfudk okwfoifzkdU wu,fhudk ta&;BuD;w,fAs? bmaMumifhvJ qkdawmh cifAsm;wkdkU

tBuHtpnfawG tukefvHk; usKyfodw,f? usKyf rodwm wpfck&Sdw,f}
ausmf / /(avSmifajymifvkdaom rsufESmxm;ESifh) ]trdefU&SdygOD;cifAsm? rodao;wmu bmrsm;wJhvJ}
&S m;/ /]ykvJykwD;udk cifAsm;wkdU b,fae&mrSm 0SufNyD;xm;w,f qkdwm wpfckwnf; usKyfrodw,f? 'D[mvJ cifAsm;udk
tck &awmhrSmyJ}
ausmf / /]tvkdawmfayhAsm? cifAsm; odcsifwmESifh usKyfu ajym&awmhr,f ayghav}
&S m;/ /][kwfw,f ajym&r,f}
ausmf / /]wu,fvkdU usKyfodygOD;awmh? cifAsm;u trdefUay;wmESifh usKyf ajym&rayghav}
&S m;/ /( armifwkdif;ausmf\ rsufESmudk aphaphygatmif Munfhvsuf ) ]cifAsm; udk,f[m usKyfrsufpdxJrSm zef\ ozG,f
jzpfw,f? cifAsm; pdwfxJrSm bm&Sdw,f qkdwm usKyf tukef odEkdifw,f}
ausmf / /]odEkdif&if ykvJykwD; b,frSmxm;w,f qkdwm cifAsm;bmom Munfh,lygawmhvm;}
&S m;/ /(NyHK;&,fvsuf) ]aMomf ykvJykwD; &SdaMumif;udk 0efawmhcHNyDudk;}
ausmf / /]rcHaygifAsm? b,fu 0efcHvkdUvJ}
&S m;/ /]tusdK;ESifh taMumif;ESifh ajymjy&if em;axmifygrSaygh udkwkdif;ausmf&,f? acgif;MuyfMuyfrm&if MuyfMuyf
cifAsm; 'ku©a&mufvdrfhr,f}
ausmf / /]usKyfvJ ykvdyf vlxGufyg udkpH&Sm;? vlwkdif;udk ajcmufvSefUvkdU &vdrfhr,fcsnf; cifAsm; rxifygESifh}
xdktcg armifpH&Sm;onf ppfbk&ifxkd;aom vlwpfa,mufonf ta&;BuD;aom tuGufwpfckodkU a&TUawmhrnf
jyKonfhtcgü pOf;pm;um MunfhbdouJhodkUaom rsufESmxm;rsdK;ESifh armifwkdif;ausmftm; MunfhNyD;aemuf pm;yGJtHqGJrS
rSwfwrf;pmtkyfi,fwpfckudk xkwfí
&S m;/ /]'DpmtkyfxJrSm bmrsm;ygw,fvkdU cifAsm; xifovJ}
ausmf / /]b,fajymwwfrvJAsm}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm; ygw,fAsm}
ausmf / /][m b,fhES,f usKyf ygwmvJ}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm; wpfoufvHk;rSm b,ftrIrsm; jyKcJhw,f qkdwm 'Dpmtkyfuav;xJrSm tukefygw,f}
ausmf / /]b,fhES,fvlygvdrfhAsm? bmawG avQmufNyD; zsef;aeygvdrfhrvJ}
&S m;/ /]'DpmtkyfxJrSm cifAsm; r,m; rausmhudk b,favmufESifh touftmrcHukrÜPDrSm taygifxm;w,f? rausmh
bma&m*gESifhaow,f? &wJhaiGudk jrif;yGJb,favmuf ydkUw,fqkdwm tukefodygw,fAs}
ausmf / /]'Dvl ua,mifacsmufjcm; bmawG avQmufajymaeygvdrfhrvJ}
&S m;/ /]NyD;awmh wGHaw;u armifatmifnGefUuav; wpfa,mufvJ aojcif;rvS b,fenf;ESifhao&w,f qkdwmvJ
ygw,f}
ausmf / /]yg&ifaum bmjzpfovJ? b,fol oufao&SdovJ}
&S m;/ /]aeOD;As? rukefao;bl;? vGpövrf; (,ck qdyfurf;omvrf;) rSm wpfjrefESpfu wkdufazmufrIu wpfrI?
rESpfwkef;u aiGoHk;axmifausmf vufrSwf vdrfrIu wpfrI}
a&TOa'gif;
ausmf / /]'gawmh cifAsm; rSm;NyD}

&S m;/ /]'gjzihf 'D[mawG[m rSefwmaygh? usKyfajymr,f udkwkdif;ausmf? cifAsm; oHk;yHkzJ ½dkufwwfw,f [kwfvm;?
wpfzufom;rSm av;buf wDyg r*Fvmudk udkifxm;wJhtcg cifAsm;u t½HI;ay;&if bmwwfEkdifao;ovJ}
ausmf / /]'gESifh ykvJykwD;ESifh bmqkdifvdkYvJAsm}
&S m;/ /]t&ifrvkdygESifh udkwkdif;ausmf? wjznf;jznf;awmh a&mufygvdrfhr,f? usKyfenf;ESifh usKyfajymprf;yg&ap?
'Dawmhum cifAsm; tay:rSm ckajymcJhwJh jypfcsufawG &Sdw,f? tck ykvJykwD;trIvJ cifAsm;a&m ? cifAsm; wynfh
aq;eDbkd;qifa&m ESpfa,mufpvHk; tay:rSm jypfcsuf xif&Sm;oavmuf xif&Sm;aeNyD}
ausmf / /]armifrif;BuD;om; tckawmif jzef;wkef; &Sdao;wmudk;}
&S m;/ /]jzef;wmr[kwfbl; q&mBuD;&JU? usKyf pHkaxmufNyD; odvkdU usKyfajymwm? bk&ifcHtdrfawmfudk [kdnu cifAsm;wkdU
pD;oGm;wJh wuúpDarmif;orm;a&m? tdrfawmfem; armif;oGm;wmudk jrifvkdufwJh ykvdyfom;a&m? ykvJykwD;udk cifAsm;wkdU
oGm;a&mif;vkdU r0,f0HhwJh vmvmbkdifqkdwJh pdefbmbla&m tm;vHk; usKyfawGUcJhNyDAs}
xkdtcgüum; armifwkdif;ausmfonf ezl;rS acR;pD;rsm; jyefvsuf vufoD;rsm;rSmvnf; qkyfrdqkyf&m uspfuspfygatmif
qkyfNyD;vQif pum;ajymawmhrnf[k yg;pyfudk [ aomfvnf; ½kwfw&uf pum;rxGufEkdifbJ &SdaeavvQif
&S m;/ /]'gaMumifh usKyf ajymw,f r[kwfbl;vm;As? usKyfvufxJrSm av;bufr*FvmESifh ygwif; wpfvHk; udkifxm;NyD;
zJwpfjym;xJ rvGwfwm &Sdawmhw,f? 'gbmvJqkdawmh ykvJykwD;xm;wJh ae&mudk rodwm wpfckyJ usKyfrSm vkdae
awmhw,f}
ausmf / /]vkdae&if tomxm;vkdufawmhAsm? b,fawmhrS cifAsm; odrSm r[kwfawmhbl;}
&S m;/ /]'DvkdrvkyfygESifhav udkwkdif;ausmf&JU? cifAsm; pOf;pm;MunfhygOD;? usKyf wwfEkdiforQ wkdifvkduf&r,f qkd&if
tenf;qHk; cifAsm; axmifq,fESpfawmh usNyD;om;yJ? cifAsm; axmifxJrSm ae&&if 'DykvJykwD;udk cifAsm;
bmvkyfEkdifOD;rSmvJ? 'Dtay:u tusdK;aus;Zl; cHpm;p&m cifAsm;rSm bmrS r&Sdbl; [kwfp? cifAsm;vJ
toufi,fawmhwm r[kwfbl;? av;q,fausmf ig;q,feD;yg; jzpfaeNyD? tbkd;BuD;tkd jzpfrS axmifu xGufvm&&if
ykvJykwD;ay:u bmrsm; tusdK;xl;w&m; cHpm;p&m &Sdao;ovJ? odlUaomf ykvJykwD;udk usKyfvufokdU jyeftyfcJhvkdU
&Sd&ifjzifh xdrfcsefrI jzpfcsif jzpfayapawmh? tomtkyfNyD; cifAsm;udk usKyf vTwfvkdufr,f? txl;ojzifh 'DtrIrSm
cifAsm;udkvJ rvkdcsif? bkd;qifudkvJ rvkdcsif? ykvJykwD;udkom usKyfvkdcsifw,f? axmifxJrSm qif;qif;&J&J
raecsifygESifh cifAsm? jyefay;cJhvkdU&Sd&ifjzifh aemufaemifudk aumif;pGmrGefpGm aexkdiforQ umvywfvHk; usKyfujzifh
raESmifh,Sufygbl;cifAsm}
ausmf / /]wu,fvkdU usKyfu jiif;qefcJhvkdU&Sd&ifaumAsm}
&S m;/ /]'Dvkdqkd&ifawmh ykvJykwD;udk && r&& cifAsm;udk usKyf zrf;&vdrfhr,f? ykwD;jyeftyf oifhroifhudk cifAsm;
wpfa,mufwnf; rNyD;vkdU bkd;qifudk wkdifyifcsifvkdU &Sd&if wkdifyifEkdifygw,f? a[h bkd;opfa&? cP vmprf;ygOD;a[h?
wkdufa&SUrSm vlwpfa,muf? 00wkwfwkwf? t½kyfqkd;qkd;wpfa,muf awGUvdrfhr,f? wkdufay: vmyg qkd oGm;NyD;
ajymvkdufprf;uG,f}
ausmf / /]ac:vkdU vmcsifrS vmr,fAs}
&S m;/ /]aMomf 'DrSm bdk;opf? ZGwft&rf;awmh qGJrac:ygESifhaemf? OD;wkdif;ausmfu vmcJhygwJhvkdU ajym&ifjzifh
vmygvdrfhr,f}
bkd;qif qif;íoGm;aomtcg
ausmf / /]olvm&if cifAsm; bmvkyfrvkdUvJAsm}
&S m;/ /]ckwifu usKyfrdwfaqG udkodef;armifudk ajymygao;w,f? uGefESifh 0kdif;NyD;? ig;BuD;ESpfaumif

axmifxm;vkdufwm wpfcgjzifh uGefudk qGJwifNyD; ig;zrf;rdatmif zrf;&awmhrSmygAsm}
xkdtcg armifwkdif;ausmfonf "m;ajr§mifudk xkwfawmhrnfh [efESifh cg;qDokdU vufvSrf;&m armifpH&Sm;vnf;
tuÐstdwfudk EIdufonfwGif tdwfwGif;rS ajymif;0 jyLíxGufonfudk jrifojzifh
ausmf / /]udkpH&Sm;? cifAsm;[m olrsm;vkd zsm;vkdUemvkdU at;at;aq;aq; ao&r,fhvl r[kwfbl; xifw,f}
&S m;/ /][kwfyg&JU? usKyfvJ awG;rdw,f? cifAsm;vJ yufvufraobl;? wGJavmif;uav;usNyD; ao;r,fhvlESifhwlw,f?
okdUaomfvJ a&SUta&;awGudk avQmufNyD; awG;raeygESifhawmhAsm? pdwfr&Tifp&maumif;vSygw,f?
avmavmq,fta&;avmufom NyD;jywfatmif ajymMuygOD;pdkU}
xkdtcg armifwkdif;ausmfonf om;aumifudk ckefítkyfawmhrnfuJhodkUaom usm;wd&dpmäef\ trlt&mjzifh
vufoD;qkyfum tHBudwfumjzifh xkdif&mrS xjyefavvQif armifpH&Sm;rSmrl rwkefrvIyf cyfat;at;&Sdaom trlt&mESifh
tdwfxJü xnfhxm;aom vufeufudkomvQif owdESifh qkyfudkifí xm;av\/
&S m;/ /]a[h q&m&JU? cifAsm; "m;ajr§mifudk tomxm;prf;ygOD;As? eD;eD;uyfuyf csOf;NyD;oHk;&wJh vufeufrsdK;udk usKyfESifh
bm&rvJ? avaoewfom vkyfyg? tJ'gu ta0;uaeNyD; ajcmufceJqkd&if udpöNyD;wmyJ? udkif; cifAsm;vlvJ vmygNyD?
b,fhES,fvJ udkbkd;qif? vrf;ay:u rwfwyfBuD; apmifhae&wm ranmif;bl;vm;As? xkdifygOD;av}
aq;eDbkd;qif qkdaom olonf wkwfwkwfNyJNyJ tom;rnf;rnf;? EIwfcrf;wGJwGJESifh aMumufrufzG,faumif;vSaom
vufa0SUorm;wpfa,muf jzpfav&m xkdolvnf; tcef;0rS &yfí armifpH&Sm;\ yrmrcefY at;at;aq;aq;
&Sdaeaom trlt&mESifh avSmifajymifovkd cyfcsdKcsdK &Sdaeaom rsufESmxm;udk jrifvQif taetxkdif cufaeonfh
vu©PmESifh armifwkdif;ausmf bufodkU vSnfhí us,favmifvSaom toHMoBuD;ESifh
qif/ /]bmvJAs ukdwkdif;ausmf? 'DieJu bmwJhvJ} [k ar;aomfvnf; armifwkdif;ausmfonf jyefírajymbJ
armifpH&Sm;\ rsufESmudk MunfhaeavvQif
&S m;/ /]bmrSawmh rvJygbl; cifAsm? cifAsm;wkdU tBuHtpnfudk usKyfodwJh twGuf tukefysufwm wpfckygyJ}
qif/ /( armifwkdif;ausmftm; Munfhí )]vlrSm r&,fcsif&wJhtxJ cifAsm; ieJu w,f&,fp&m ajymyguvm;}
&S m;/ /]awmfawmfMumawmh r&,fcsif½Hkrubl;? idkawmif idkcsifMuvdrfhOD;r,f udkbdk;qif&JU? udkif; cifAsm;wkdU ESpfa,muf
pvHk; em;axmif? usKyfutvkyfrsm;wJhvlAs? cifAsm;wkdUudk{nfhcHNyD;MumMumpum;ajymraeEkdifbl;? udkif; usKyfu a[m[kd
tcef;xJrSm 0ifNyD;awmhaer,f? usKyf r&Sdwkef; cifAsm;wkdUESpfa,mufxJ vGwfvGwfvyfvyf wkdifyifMuayawmh? ig;rdepf
usKyftcGifhay;r,f? vkd&if;tcsKyfudk udkwkdif;ausmf odNyD; r[kwfvm;? ykvJykwD; tyfrvm;? vludk tyfrvm;? 'DESpfvrf;
wpfvrf;yJ &Sdw,f r[kwfvm;? wa,m rxkd;&wmrsm; MumvSygNyDAsm? xl;rjcm;em; wpfyk'favmuf qHk;atmif xkd;prf;
csnfygOD;r,f? wkdifyif&pfMuygOD;} [k ajymí armifpH&Sm;onf <uufavQmufay:ü &Sdaom wa,mudk aumuf,lNyD;vQif
tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifoGm;av\/
wpfcPrQMumvQif oDcsif;cHBuD;udk rxkd;rD bGJUcHvsuf&Sdaom wa,moHwkdUonf armifpH&Sm;\ tcef;wGif;rS
nD;nD;wGm;wGm; qGJqGJiifiif xkd;aeonfudk xkdolESpfa,mufwkdU Mum;Mu&av\/ xkdtcg ¤if;wkdUESpfa,mufonf
wpfa,mufESifh wpfa,muf eD;uyfpGm ukvm;xkdifü ,SOfí xkdifMuNyD;vQif wkdifyifMuonfrSm
qif/ /]b,fhES,fvJAs udkwkdif;ausmf? ykvJykwD;taMumif;udk 'DieJu odoGm;NyDvm;}
ausmf / /]bmrS vkdavao;w,f r&Sdbl;? tukef olodoGm;NyD q&m&JU}
qif/ /]w,f *Gusyguvm;? b,fenf;ESifh odoGm;ygvddrfhrvJ}
ausmf / /]usKyfwkdU oGm;a&mif;wJh bmblukvm;u owif;ay;vkdufw,f xifyg&JUAsm}
a&TOa'gif;
qif/ /]acG;rom; bmblukvm;? 'if;awmh odaphr,f? 'if; rsufESmavmuf pkwfatmif rxkd;Ekdif&if usKyf vufoD;
jzwfypfvkdufr,fAsm}
ausmf / /]xkd;wmu aemuf q&m? 'Du ieJudk b,fvkd pum;jyefMur,f? 'Dawmh ckvufiif; ta&;BuD;aew,f}
qif/ /]wkd;wkdk;ajymygAsm? ieJu yg;ygbduESifh Mum;rsm;oGm;yghr,f}
ausmf / /]wa,moHBuD; 'Davmuf wD;aewJh txJrSm b,fuvmNyD; Mum;rvJAsm}
qif/ /][kwfyg&JUav? 'gxuf [kdae&mrSm uefYvefYumBuD; umxm;wmu b,ftwGufvJAsm} [k ajymí
uefYvefYum &Sd&modkY aocsmpGm vSrf;íMunfh&mwGif bkd;qifonf tHhMoaom trlt&mESifh rsufvHk;rsm; jyL;vsuf
&Sdav\/
ausmf / /]za,mif;½kyfyg q&m&JU? rvefYygESifh}
qif/ /]aMomf [kwfvm;? vefYvkdufwmAsm? wu,fhudk wpfax&mwnf;wlatmif vkyf vkyfwwfygayhAsm? tawmfvJ
ÓPfrsm;wJh vlwpfa,mufyJ}
ausmf / /]tkd 'gawGvkdufNyD; csD;rGrf;raeprf;ygeJUAsm? wkdifyifp&m &Sdwm wkdifyifMuygOD;pkdU? ykvJykwD; usKyfwkdY
,lwmawmhjzifh ieJ odoGm;NyDAs? ykwD;udk jyefay;vkdU &Sd&ifjzifh usKyfwkdUudk csrf;omay;r,fwJh ESL;aew,f}
qif/ /]BuHBuHpnfpnfAsm? oHk;av;v tyifyef;cHNyD; BuHpnfcJh&wm vufxJa&mufawmhrS jyefay;&r,fqkd
awmfEkdifyghrvm;? tzkd;uvJ enf;wm r[kwfbl;? wpfaomif;ausmf wefw,fqkd}
ausmf / /]wefwmu udpör&Sdbl;? ykwD;r&&if vlukd axmifcsr,fhta&;u &Sdao;w,fAs? b,fhES,fvkyfMurvJ}
xkdtcg bkd;qifonf acgif;udkukwfum pOf;pm;NyD;aemuf
qif/ /][kdtcef;xJrSm olwpfa,mufxJ r[kwfvm;? pD&ifvkduf&&if raumif;bl;vm;Asm? 'DieJao&if usKyfwkdUrSm
wpfjynfat;wmyJ}
ausmf / /]rvkyfESifh q&ma&U? usKyfBuHwm b,fESpfcg &SdyvJ? tvpfudk rawGUbl;? tifrwef owdaumif;wJhvl?
vufeufvJ b,fawmhrS rcsbl;? tvkd bmygvdrfh}
xkdcPü tdrfa&SUjywif;aygufqDrS toHvkdvkd Mum;ojzifh xkdolESpfa,mufwkdUonf jzwfvwfaom trlt&mESifh
em;pGifhum &SdaeMu&m rnfonfhtoHudk rQ aemufxyfírMum;bJ za,mif;½kyfBuD;omvQif &SdaeonfjzpfaomaMumifh
pdwfcs ESvHk;cs &Sdonfh vu©PmESifh qufvufum xkdifMujyefav\/
qif/ /]vrf;u toHESifh wlyg&JUAsm? udkif; udkwkdif;ausmf? cifAsm;u ÓPf&SdwJh vlwpfa,muf jzpfw,f?
tBuHxkwfOD;avAsm? okwfoifwJh enf;ESifh r&Ekdif&if 'Djyif b,fenf; &Sdao;w,f qkdwm tBuHxkwfOD;rS ayghAsm}
ausmf / /]pdwfcsyg udkbkd;qif&,f? olUavmufruwJhvlawG usKyf ESyfNyD;vmwm b,fESpfcg &SdyvJ? ykvJykwD;
usKyfqDrSm ygygw,f? jrefrmjynfrSm a&mif;vkdUr&&if b*Fvm;wifNyD;a&mif;wmayghAs? ukvm;jynfrSm qkdawmh e,fu
us,foESifh? b,folu vmNyD; vkduf&SmEkdifOD;rvJAsm}
qif/ /]wifydkYwmu [kwfw,f? usKyfwkdUvJ roGm;Ekdifbl;? b,folU cifAsm; tyfrvJ}
ausmf / /]bmcufovJAsm? *sbwftvD vufudktyfvkdufwmaygh? b*Fvm;udk oloGm;NyD;a&mif;vdrfhr,f}
qif/ /]olxnfhNyD; ,loGm;p&m tzHk;ESifh aowåm rSmNyD;yvm;}
ausmf / /]pdwfcsyg q&m? 'grsdK;awmh 'Dtaumifu yuwl;u pDrHNyD;om;yJ? aeprf;ygOD; bmoHvJ}
xkdcPü xkdolESpfa,mufwkdUonf pum;ajym &yfpJMujyefí jywif;ayguf &Sd&modkU MunfhMujyef&m bmoHudkrQ

rMum;&onfESifh rdrdwkdU pdwfu ajcmufojzifh vefUjcif; jzpfonf[k atmufarhvQif qufvufí ajymMujyefav\/
ausmf / /]cifAsm;vl udkpH&Sm; yg;vSeyfvSw,f qkdayrJh usKyf wpfywf½kdufvkduf&if rcHEkdifygbl;As? ykvJykwD;udk
jyefay;&if usKyfwkdUudk rzrf;bl;vkdU olajymw,f? 'Dawmh usKyfwdkUu jyeftyfygr,fvkdU y#dnmOfay;NyD; tcsdef
uav;&atmifqGJ? tJ'DtawmtwGif;rSm *sbwftvDudk b*Fvm; vTwfvkdufwmayghAs? raumif;bl;vm;}
qif/ /]'Dvkdjzifh awmf&JUAsdKU}
ausmf / /]udkif; 'Dawmh cifAsm;u *sbwftvDudk awGUatmif&SmNyD; pDrHay;ESifhayawmh? usKyfu 'DuieJudk awmfatmif
ajymxm;ESifhr,f? em;nnf;vkdufwJh wa,moHuvJAsm? bmoDcsif;awGrsm; avQmufNyD;xkd;aew,f rqkdEkdifygbl;? ukdif;
a&mh udkbkd;qif? a[m 'Du ykvJykwD;udk cifAsm;u ,loGm;ESifh ? udkpH&Sm;udk jzef;zkdU&m usKyf wm0ef xm;vkdufygAsm}
qif/ /]'D&mZ0wfxkyfBuD;udk b,frS csrxm;cJhbJ [kd[kd'D'D cifAsm; ,l0Hhwm usKyf tifrwef tHhMow,f}
ausmf / /]b,frSm xm;vkdY vHkEkdifrvJ? bk&ifcHtdrfawmfu usKyfwkdU &atmif xkwfEkdifao;wm? usKyf xm;wJh
ae&muaum olrsm; rxkwfEkdifbl;vkdU b,folajymEkdifrvJ? 'gaMumifh aeUa&m nOfUyg tdwfykef;xJrSm xnfhNyD;
aqmifxm;&w,fAsm}
qif/ /]b,frvJ ? usKyf Munfhprf;yg&apAsm? aoaocsmcsmawmif rjrif&ao;ygbl;}
ausmf / /]'DvluvJAsm? wu,fhta&;xJrSmrS Munfhcsifvkduf&wm? Munfhcsif&ifvm? 'Dae&mrSm rMunfhESifh ?
tcef;xJu acsmif;Munfh&if jrifoGm;vdrfhr,f? vmcJh a[m'D jywif;aygufem;rSm Munfh? a&mh tJ'DrSm jrifyvm;}
qif/ /]vSygay&JUAsm? 'gaMumifhvJ tzkd;wpfaomif;ausmf wefaywmyJudk;}
xkdcPü armifpH&Sm;onf za,mif;½kyfxm;aom ukvm;xkdifrS jzKef;ceJ ckefíxNyD;vQif ykvJykwD;udk vufwpfzufjzihf
vk,lí wpfzufaom vufrS ajcmufvHk;jyL;ESifh xkdolESpfa,muf OD;acgif;udk csdef&G,fí xm;av&m xkdol
ESpfa,mufwkdUrSm tHhMoBuD;pGmESifh aMumifawmifai;í MunfhaeMuav\/ xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;onf "mwfacgif;avmif;
udk vufjzifh ESdyfvkdufNyD;vQif
&S m;/ /]b½kwfokwfc rvkyfMuESifhav rdwfaqGwkdU ypönf;awG usdK;yJhukefyghr,f? ajy;vkdUvJ cifAsm;wkdU rvGwfygbl;}
ausmf / /]cifAsm; b,fenf;ESifh b,fhES,fvkyfNyD; ... }
&S m;/ /]bmcufovJ udkwkdif;ausmf&,f? wkdufaemufaz;avSum;u qif;NyD; wkdufa&SUjywif;aygufu wufwmrsm;
bmcufvkdUvJAsm? 'Dxufru jrifhwJh wdkufawGawmif cifAsm;wkdU wufcJhao;w,f r[kwfvm;? za,mif;½kyfudk
ukvm;xkdifay:u z,fcsvkdUawmif toHenf;enf; jrnfoGm;avawmh cifAsm;wkdU Mum;oGm;yvm;vkdU pkd;&drfrdao;w,f?
rMum;ayvkdU awmfayao;&JUAsm? t½kyfxm;wJh ae&mu xkdifNyD; cifAsm;wkdUajymwmawG usKyf em;axmifaewm
tukefvHk;Mum;&ygw,fAs}
ausmf / /]usdK;eJ wwfEkdifwJh vlygyJuvm;}
bdk;qifrSmrl ÓPfav;aom olwpfa,muf jzpfojzifh xkdtcgrS rdrdwkdUtm; axmifízrf;onfh tjzpfudk &dyfrdonfESifh
qif/ /]w,fNyD; ÓPfoGm;wJh vlyguvm;? EkdU [kdxJu wa,mxkd;wmu b,folvJAs? tckawmif usKyf Mum;wkef;
&Sdao;w,f}
&S m;/ /]vl&SdrS wa,moH xGuf&awmhrvm;As? "mwfjym;wpfjym;avmuf zGifhNyD; xm;vkduf&ifvJ NyD;wmyJudk As}
a&TOa'gif;
xkdcPü avSum;rS wufvmaom ajcoHrsm;udk Mum;Mu&av&m wHcg;onf ½kwfw&uf yGifhvmNyD;vQif

armifodef;armifESifh wuG tifpydwfawmf armiftkef;azESifh ykvdyfom; oHk;a,mufwkdUonf tcef;wGif;odkY 0ifvmMuí
&mZ0wfaumifrsm;udk vufxdyfcwfNyD;vQif um;ay: odkU wifoGm;Muav\/
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;ESifh armifodef;armif wkdUonf wkdufay:ü usef&pfcJhí armifodef;armiftm; xkdtrItaMumif;ESifh
ywfoufí &,farmum &Sif;vif;ajymqkdvsuf &SdMu&m bkd;opfonf wkdufa&SUjywif;aygufrS ysm&dysm,m ajy;vmí
jynfxJa&;trwf\ um;BuD; qkdufa&mufvsuf &SdaMumif;udk ajymjyav\/
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;u
]jynfxJa&; trwf[m vlawmhjzifh vlaumif;wpfOD;ygyJ? EdkYayrJh &mxl;*kPfarmufNyD; tawmfuav; rmeBuD;w,f?
'Dwpfcg qHk;rvkdufprf;Mu&atmifAsm udkodef;armif} [k ajymqJwGif tcef;wHcg;onf yGifhí trwfBuD;onf
tcef;wGif;odkY 0ifvmav\/
xkdtcsdefonfum; rkd;Owk &moDjzpfí rkd;uav; wzGJzGJusaeonfESifh trwfBuD;onf rkd;umtusÐudk 0wfvsufESifhyif
wkdufay: odkU wufvm&m
&S m;/ /]aMomf ? rkd;xJrSmawmif <uvmcJhayoukd; cifAs? xkdifygOD;cifAsm? jznf;jznf;aygh? rkd;um tusÐBuD;rsm;
cRwfxm;ygtHk;awmh} [k ajymí xkdif&mrSxNyD;vQif trwfBuD;0wfxm;aom 0gwmz½l;udk cRwfay;awmhrnfuJhodkU
jyKav&m trwfBuD;onf rdrdtm; þuJhodkU ta&mw0if jyKvkyfonfh tjcif;t&mudk rESpfoufonfh rsufESmxm;ESifh
rwf/ /]&Sdygap udkpH&Sm;? &Sdygap? tck usKyf oGm;rSmyJ? rcRwfygbl;}
&S m;/ /]raumif;ygbl; cifAsm? rkd;a&awG &TJvkdY? cRwfxm;ygOD;rSaygh} [k ajymí twif;cRwfay;awmhrnfuJhodkU
tusÐvufukd udkifqGJavvQif trwfBuD;onf pdwfwkdpGmESifh armifpH&Sm;udk ajz;ñSif;pGm wGef;z,fí
rwf/ /]'ku©r&SmygESifh Asm? &Sdygap? tck usKyf oGm;yghr,f? [kd udpöuav;[m b,fhES,fvJ}
&S m;/ /]cJ,Of;ygw,f trwfrif; ? tifrwef cJ,Of;vSygw,f}
rwf/ /]'gaMumifh usKyf tpu rajymbl;vm;? emrnfBuD;ayrJh [kwfcsifrS [kwfwmygAsm}
&S m;/ /]rSefygw,f cifAsm? wnfhwnfhacsmfwJh tcgvJ acsmfMuao;wmyg trwfrif;}
rwf/ /]vlrsm;[m wpfcgwpfavvJ tckvkd acsmfwJhtcg acsmfayOd;rSmyAs? ukodkvfuHaumif;vkdU qufvufNyD;
wnfhaeNyD qkdrSjzifh udk,fhukd,fudk txifBuD;NyD; oGm;wwfw,fAs}
&S m;/ /]rSefvSyg trwfrif;? okdUaomf ,cktrIrSm uRefawmf em;rvnfwJh tcsufuav;wpfck &Sdaeygw,fAs?
tcefYoifha&mufvmwJhtcgrSm vif;awmfrlcJhyg}
rwf/ /]ukd,fhvl awmfawmfaysmfoGm;rifhudk ? apmapmpD;pD;u tckvkd ar;vm;jref;vm;vkyf&if taumif;om;yJ? bmrsm;
ar;csifvkdUvJAsm? ar;yg ar;yg}
&S m;/ /]olckd;rsm; tay:rSm uRefawmfwkdU pGJcsufwifEkdifr,f r[kwfvm; cifAsm}
rwf/ /]tkd b,fhES,far;wmvJAs? rdwJhtcgusawmh pGJcsufwifEdkifwmaygh? rrdao;cifu b,folUudk oGm;NyD;
pGJcsufwifrvJ}
&S m;/ /]EkdYNyD;awmh ypönf; vufcHwJhvludkaumAsm? w&m;pGJqkdEkdifyg&JUvm;}
rwf/ /][m olckd;rS rrdao;bJESifh vufcHwJhvlawG bmawGawmif xnfhNyD;pDrHukefyvm;? cifAsm;[m t&ifvkdvS
csnfvm;As}
&S m;/ /]trIqkdwm rjzpfcifu wifBudKNyD; pDrHxm;ESifh&if aumif;wmaygh trwfrif;? olckd;vufcH tay:ü ypönf;udk
vufcHaMumif; b,fvkdrS vHkavmufygovJ cifAsm}
rwf/ /]olYvufxJrSm ypönf; awGU&ifjzifh zrf;Edkifw,f qkdygawmh cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]'gjzifh trwfrif;udk ypönf; vufcHrIESifh uRefawmf zrf;&ygvdrfhr,f cifAsm}
rwf/ /(tvGefw&m pdwfqkd;aom rsufESmESifh) ]w,fNyD; ta&m0ifwJh vlwpfa,mufyguvm;? tHhMoyg&JUAsm? usKyfjzifh
&mxl;trsdK;rsdK;rSm trIxrf;NyD;vmcJhwm ESpfaygif; oHk;av;q,f &SdygNyD? cifAsm;vkdvl 'DwpfcgyJ usKyf awGUzl;w,f?
ajym&rSmjzifh t&ifuwnf;udku cifAsm;tpGrf;udk olrsm; ajymoHMum;&wmawG usKyf enf;enf;rS r,HkMunfcJhbl;? tck
vludk,fwkdifawGU&awmh emrnfrBuD;xkdufyJESifh BuD;½HkrQru vlBuD;rSef;rod? vli,frSef;rod? tifrwefvlyg;0wJh
vlwpfa,mufqkdwm usKyf od&ayw,f? ukdif; usKyf jyefr,f} [k ajymí wHcg;odkY oGm;rnf tjyKwGif armifpH&Sm;onf
¤if;\ a&SUrSqD;vsuf
&S m;/ /]uRefawmf wpfck owday;yg&ap trwfrif;? ckd;&myg ypönf;udk vufqkyfvufudkif awGUjcif;xuf
ypönf;udk,lNyD; twif;xGufajy;r,fqkd&if omqkd;ygvdrfhr,f}
rwf/ /]b,fhES,fvlvJ 'Dvl? z,fygAsm? vrf;u raeygESifh}
&S m;/ /]trwfrif;&JU rkd;umtuÐs vufsmbuftdwfudk EdIufMunfhprf;yg trwfrif;}
rwf/ /]bmrsm;vJ 'Dvlu}
&S m;/ /]uRefawmf ckdif;ovkdom vkyfyg}
xkdtcg trwfBuD;onf armifpH&Sm; ckdif;aponfhtwkdif; tuÐstdwfodkU vufEdIufvkdufonfwGif ykvJykwD;wpfck

ygvmonfudk awGUjrif&ojzifh tHhtm;oifhvsuf &Sdav\/
rwf/ /]b,fhES,fvkyfwmvJ udkpH&Sm;? cifAsm; rsufvSnfhq&mvm;}
&S m;/ /]rSefygw,f trwfrif;? tuÐs cRwfay;r,fvkdU teD;udk uyfpOftwGif; ykvJykwD;udk tdwfxJudk xnfhvkdufw,f}
rwf/ /(ykvJykwD;udk vufay:wGif wifí aocsmpGm Munfh½INyD;aemuf)][kwfom;yJAsm? bk&ifcHuawmf ykvJykwD;
tppfyJ? ukdif; udkpH&Sm;? cifAsm; vlyg;0wm r0wm tyxm;? cifAsm;tpGrf; usKyfckeifu ao;Ekwfatmif ½IHUcs
ajymrdwJhtwGuf usKyf awmif;yefygw,f? awmfvnf;awmfygayw,fAsm? b,fhES,fvkyfNyD; cifAsm; jyef&atmif
vkyfovJ}
&S m;/ /]trIu wpfydkif;wpfp &Sdao;wJhtwGuf pHkvifatmif ajymjyzkdU tcgra&mufao;ojzifh onf;cHygOD; trwfrif;?
odkYaomf b,folUvufuyJ &&? ykvJykwD;jyef&&if NyD;wmrkdU bk&ifcHuawmf qDrSm rsufESm&atmif[m trwfrif;yJ
,loGm;vkdufygawmh trwfrif;? udkif; bkd;opfa&? udkodef;armifzkdUa&m? igzdkUa&m? ESpfa,muftwGuf xrif;
jyifvkdufa[h}
NyD;ygNyD/
______
a&TOa'gif;
18/ wl0&D;ESpfa,muf\ xl;qef;aom trIü pHkaxmufjcif;

wpfaeUaom eHeufcif;tcsdefü uRefawmfonf tdyf&mrS xNyD;aemuf umzDaomufNyD;onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf
udpöuav;wpfckESifh tjyifodkY xGufrnf[k t0wfvJvS,fvsuf &SdpOf armifpH&Sm;onf ¤if;\xHk;pHtwkdif;
eHeufapmapm vrf;avQmuf&mrS jyefvmcJhí
&S m;/ /]b,fudkvJAs udkodef;armif}
uRefawmf/ /]udpöuav;&SdvkdU tjyifoGm;prf;r,fvkdU As}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm; udpöu tifrwef ta&;BuD;ovm;}
uRefawmf/ /]ta&;awmhjzifh rBuD;vSygbl;Asm}
&S m;/ /]'gjzihf&ifvJ aeOD;avAsm? trIonfwpfa,muf vmvdrfhr,f? a[m'DrSm reufapmapmuyJ aMu;eef;wpfapmif
&xm;w,f} [k ajymí uRefawmftm; aMu;eef;udk vSrf;íay;av&m uRefawmfonf aMu;eef;udk ,lí
zwf½IMunfhonfwGif anmifav;yifNrdKUrS OD;bcifqkdolu ta&;BuD;aom udpöwpfcktwGuf wkdifyif&ef&SdaomaMumifh
xkdaeY eHeufyif anmifav;yifNrdKUrS rD;&xm;ESifh vkdufygvmcJhrnf jzpfaMumif;udk ½kdufMum;csdef;qkdvkdufaom
aMu;eef;jzpfaMumif; od&Sd&av\/ ¤if;aemuf uRefawmfonf em&Dudk MunfhNyD;vQif
uRefawmf/ /]pmydkYrD;&xm;ESifh vkdufcJhr,f qkd&if a&mufavmufNyDaumAsm}
&S m;/ /]usKyfvJyJ a&mufavmufNyDvkdU wGufNyD;jyefvmcJhwmyJ? a[m avScg;u ajcoHMum;w,fAsdKU? odkUaomf
vlESpfa,muf ajcoHESifh wlw,f? tazmfrsm; ac:vmcJhava&mh ovm;Asm}
ajcoHwkdUonf uRefawmfwkdU&Sd&m t&yfodkU a&mufaomtcg tay: xyfodkU ausmfvGefí wpfxpfESpfxpfwufoGm;NyD;rS
wpfzefqif;vmcJhjyefí wHcg;udk acgufonfwGif uRefawmfonf xkdif&mrS xí wHcg;udk zGifhojzifh
vlBuD;wpfa,mufESifh rdef;rysdKuav; wpfa,mufonf tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifvmMuav\/
armifpH&Sm;onf xkdif&mrS xí tdrf&Sif0wå&m;twkdif; ¤if;wkdUtm; ae&mxkdifcif;ay;vsuf&SdpOf uRefawmfonf
xkdolESpfOD;wkdU\ ½kyfvu©Pmudk tuJcwfvsuf &Sd&m vlBuD;rSm toufav;q,fausmf t&G,fcefU&Sdí
axmifaxmifarmif;armif; rGefrGef&nf&nf ykqkd;&SnfBuD;ESifh tvGefMunfhíaumif;onfhjyif pdwfESvHk;vnf; aumif;[ef
vu©Pm &Sdav\/ rdef;rysdKuav;rSmum; touf 18 ESpft&G,fcefY &Sdí ypönf;Opöm ckdifvHkonfh vl*kPfwef
wpfa,muf\ om;orD; [kwf[efr&SdbJ tenf;i,f qif;&Jonfhtavsmuf oifhwifh½Hkavmufaom t0wfwkdUjzifh
0wfqifvsuf &Sdjim;aomfvnf; t½kyft&nfrSmrlum; tvGefw&myif vSyacsmarmay\/ 0wfqifyHkrSm vlBuD;ESifh
wef;csif; rwlnDonfhjyif t½kyft&nfrSmvnf; wpfqifpDjzpfaomaMumifh om;tz r[kwfwef&m[k cefYrSef;rdav\/
xkdUjyif oli,frrSm rsufvHk;rsm; eDjref;vsuf &Sdonfhjyif rsufESmrSmvnf; tvGefw&m ñdI;i,fpGm &Sdonf
jzpfaomaMumifh 'ku©wpfpHkwpf&mESifh BuHKawGUvsuf &SdaMumif; xif&Sm;ay\/ ukvm;xkdifü xkdifrdMuvQif OD;bcif
qkdolvlBuD;u
cif/ /]uRefawmfh aMu;eef; &ygp cifAsm}
&S m;/ /][kwfuJh? onfreuf apmapmuyJ &ygw,f}
cif/ /]uRefawmf vma&muf&jcif;u uRefawmfh udpöawmhjzifh r[kwfygbl; cifAsm? oufoufrJh a[m'Du
oli,fruav;udk oem;wJhtwGuf OD;pH&Sm; owif;udkvnf; Mum;zl;avawmh vkdufydkU&jcif; jzpfygw,f? a[m'Du
raomif;jr&JU &nf;pm;u vlaumif;uav; wpfa,mufyg cifAsm? 0gr0ifcif awmif;awmh &rf;awmhr,fh qJqJrSm
vlowfrIESifh tcsKyfcHae&ygw,f cifAsm}
xkdtcg OD;pH&Sm;u OD;acgif;ndwfojzifh OD;bcifu qufvufí ajymjyefonfrSm
cif/ /]jzpfyHkudk uRefawmf tpuaeNyD; ajymygr,f? onfvkd cifAsm? aowJhvlBuD;[mu raomif;jr&JU

&nf;pm;armifoufxGef;&JU OD;av; OD;oefU ygwJh cifAsm? a'gouvJ awmfawmfBuD;w,f? avmbuvJ awmfawmf?
ydkufqHuav;uvnf; awmfawmfyJ &Sdygw,f? om;r&Sd orD;r&SdESifh rkqkd;zkdBuD; jzpfavawmh armifoufxGef;udk tarGcH
tarGpm; arG;pm;NyD; olao&if ypönf;awG tm;vHk;udk armifoufxGef; &zkdUcifAsm? odkYaomfvnf; rMumrDtwGif;uawmh
armifoufxGef;u a[m'Du raomif;jrESifh pHkrufMu&mrSm tbkd;BuD;u oabmrwlbl;cifAs? oludk,fwkdifu
ukwfukwfywfywfESifh pkaqmif;cJh&wJh ypönf;awGudk bmr&Sd nmr&Sd rdef;rwpfa,mufESifh a0NyD; oHk;pGJ&pfvkdU
awmfa&mhrvm;wJh? ykdufqHr&SdwJh rdef;rudk ,l&if udk,fhrSmygwJh ydkufqHukef½Hk &SdrSmywJh cifAs? onfu
raomif;jruav;uawmh rdr&Sd zr&Sdí qif;&J&Smavawmh tbkd;BuD;u vm;vm;rS oabmrwlwJhtjyif olUudk
,lcJhvkdU&Sd&if tarGjywf wpfcgwnf; pGefUy,fvdkufr,fvkdY Ncdrf;ajcmufzl;owJh cifAs}
&S m;/ /]qkdygOD;cifAsm}
cif/ /]'gESifh wl0&D;ESpfa,muf roifhrwifhjzpfNyD; wpfa,mufwpfuGJpD aeMuwJh[m [kdaeUnaeuawmh OD;oefUu
armifoufxGef;udk vlvTwfNyD; tac:ckdif;vkdU armifoufxGef;u oGm;yga&mwJh cifAs? armifoufxGef;a&mufawmh
OD;oefUu tifrwef pdwfqkd;NyD; aeowJh? pdwfqkd;wJhtavsmuf raomif;jrESifh jzwfrvm; rjzwfbl;vm;vkdU ar;owJh?
ar;awmh armifoufxGef;u cspfcifpHkrufcJhMuNyD; jzpfvkdU opömrazmufaumif;MuwJh taMumif; ajymwJhtcgrSm
pdwfqkd;rmefqdk;ESifh vlBuD;pum;udk em;raxmifbJ &Sd&rvm;vkdU Budrf;vm;armif;vm; vkyfowJh ? onfawmh
armifoufxGef;u onfhjyift&mrSm OD;av;pum;udk em;axmifEkdifaomfvnf; om;r,m;,lwJh udpörSm
em;raxmifEdkifwJhtaMumif;udk jywfjywfawmufawmuf ajymvkdufowJh ? onfawmh OD;oefUu rD;cHaowÅåmzGifwJhNyD;
pmcsKyfpuúLawGudk xkwf? pm;yGJay:rSmwif tdwfxJu em&Dudkxkwf? pmcsKyfawGay:rSmwif? wifNyD; ]]a&mh a[m'g
eifhtarGyJ? ,loGm;avawmh? onfuaeYupNyD; eifESifhigESifh wpfa,mufrsufESmudk wpfa,muf Munfhvnf; rMunfhvkd?
jrifvnf; rjrifvkd? eifhowif;udkvnf; igrMum;vkdbl;}} vkdU ajymNyD; ay;yga&mwJh cifAs? yxrawmh
armifoufxGef;u olUOD;av; ay;wJh ypönf;udk r,lbl;&,fvkdUaewm? OD;oefUpdwfqkd;onfxuf qkd;rSmaMumufvkdU
em&DESifh pmcsKyfawG ,lNyD; tdrfu xGufvmcJhyga&mwJh cifAs}
&S m;/ /]b,ftcsdefavmuf&SdNyDvJ}
cif/ /]nae 6 em&Davmuf &SdNyDcifAs}
&S m;/ /]tdrfrSm onfhjyifvl r&Sdbl;vm;}
cif/ /]cgwkdkif;awmh ckdif;wJh vlBuD;wpfa,muf OD;axmfqkdwm &Sdw,fcifAs? tJ'Dnaeuawmh 'kdufOD;udk udpöwpfckESifh
ckdif;vkdufvkdU oGm;aeowJh}
&S m;/ /]b,ftcsdefu oGm;ovJ}
cif/ /]armifoufxGef; a&mufvmNyD;wJhaemufrS oGm;owJh ? arifoufxGef; a&mufvmNyD;wJhaemuf {nfhcef;xJrSm
wl0&D;ESpfa,muf us,favmifus,favmifESifh pum;ajymaeMuwm Mum;ao;w,f qkdwmyJ}
&S m;/ /]b,ftcsdef jyefovJ}
cif/ /]aemufwpfaeU reufrS jyefvmw,f? OD;axmfu rD;&xm;u qif;NyD; tdrfjyefvmvkdU a&mufawmh acG;uwufrSm
aoG;pufawG awGUowJh? 'gESifh b,folU aoG;pufawGygvdrfhrvJvkdU cyfxdwfxdwfESifh tdrfay:wufvmawmh
{nfhcef;xJu Murf;ay:rSm olUq&mOD;oefU[m tvsm;arSmufvsufBuD; aoaewmudk awGUw,fwJh cifAs?
vnfyif;rSmvJ 'Pf&mBuD;ESifh ? tavmif;em;rSmvJ oifwHk;"m;wpfvuf awGUowJh ? aoG;awGuvJ tkdifxGef;vkdUwJh
cifAs? 'gESifh OD;axmfu aMumufaMumufvefUvefUESifh tdrfay:u qif;ajy;NyD; ykvdyfXmemudk wkdifr,fvkdU ajy;oGm;awmh
vrf;rSm uRefawmfESifh awGUyga&m cifAsm? onfawmh uRefawmfu tusdK;taMumif;ar;MunfhvkdU od&wJhtcgrSm
Xmemudk twloGm;NyD; wkdifcsufay;Muyga&m cifAsm? XmemtkyfuvJ uRefawmfpkd;&drfwJh twkdif;yJ armifoufxGef;u
a&TOa'gif;
owfw,fvkdU oabm&NyD; ykvdyfom;wpfa,muf ESpfa,mufESifh armifoufxGef;tdrfudk oGm;yga&mh cifAsm?

onfawmhum uRefawmfuvJ armifoufxGef;wkdU orD;&nf;pm;ESpfa,mufudk oem;em; &SdwmuwpfaMumif;? odvkdwJh
pdwf&Sdwmu wpfaMumif;aMumihf twlvkdufygNyD; oGm;yga&m cifAsm? ykvdyfom;ESpfa,mufudkawmh armifoufxGef;udk
tzrf;ckdif;vkdufNyD; Xmemtkyf&,f ? uRefawmf&,f ? OD;axmf&,fuawmh OD;oefY&JU tdrfudk oGm;Muyga&m cifAsm?
tdrfa&mufawmh {nfhcef;xJrSm OD;axmfajymwJh twkdif; oifwHk;"m;'Pf&mESifh aoaewJh OD;oefU&JU tavmif;ukd
vufeufESifh wuG awGUyga&mcifAsm? rD;cHaowåmBuD;uvJ yGifhvkdU ? aomhwGJuvnf; wef;vef;yJ cifAsm? 'gESifh
Xmemtkyfu OD;oefU&JU tavmif; tusÐtdwfrSm prf;oyf&SmazGawmh bmrQ rawGUbl;cifAs? tapcHOD;axmfuawmh
OD;oefU[m olUcg;ydkufaqmifem&Dudk tusÐtdwfxJu b,ftcgrS rcsbl;vkdU ajymaomfvnf; tusÐtdwfrSm em&Dudk
rawGUbl; cifAs? onfawmhum em&DudkvJ rawGU? acG;uwufrSmvJ aoG;pufudk awGUjyefawmh OD;oefUudk
vlwpfa,muf owfaMumif; xif&Sm;ovkdvkd &Sdaewmudk cifAsmh? NyD;awmhum OD;axmf xGufcsuft& [kdaeUnaeu
wl0&D;ESpfa,muf pum;rsm;Muw,fvkdU qkdjyefawmh armifoufxGef;u owfw,fvkdU xifr,fqkd&ifvJ xifp&m
jzpfaeNyDaum cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]aeprf;ygOD; cifAsmh? avSum;xpfay:rSm acG;uwufay:rSm aoG;awGUyHku pGef;ayNyD;aewm awGUwmvm;?
wpfpufpuf usaewm awGUwmvm;}
cif/ /]wpfpuf wpfpuf uswm awGUw,f cifAs}
&S m;/ /]vlwpfa,mufudk wpfa,mufu oifwHk;"m;ESifh vSD;NyD;owfvkdU vufrSm aoG;vl;apumrl pGef;ay½Hktjyif
r&SdEkdifbl; cifAsmh? wpfpufwpfpuf usavmufatmif awmfawmfcJ,Of;w,f? wpfa,mufESifh wpfa,muf
axG;vHk;owfykwfMuwJh tajctaersm;awGU&ovm;}
cif/ /]bmrS rawGUbl; cifAs? pm;yGJ ukvm;xkdifawGvnf;yJ tm;vHk;tukef ae&mwus &Sdaewmudk awGU&w,f}
&S m;/ /]tif; awmfawmf xl;qef;wmyJ? qkdprf;ygOD;cifAsm? onfhjyifaum}
cif/ /]Xmemtkyfuawmhjzifh b,folUaoG;yJjzpfjzpf armifoufxGef; tay:rSm ouFmruif;Ekdifbl;vkdU qkdNyD; ykvdyfrsm;
zrf;qD;vmcJhwJh armifoufxGef;udk tcsKyfaxmifrSm xm;wmudk; cifAs? onfawmhrS a[m'Du raomif;jru
onftaMumif;Mum;avawmh tcsKyfaxmifudkajy;NyD; idkvm;&Dvm;ESifh ar;&Smawmh ckwifu uRefawmfajymwJh twkdif;
wl0&D; pum;rsm;Muwmjzifh rSefygw,f wJh? aowmawmhjzifh olrod&ygbl;wJh ajym&Smwmudk; cifAs?
uRefawmfuvnf; rdef;uav;a&m vluav;a&m i,fi,fuwnf;u oduRrf;NyD;vmcJhavawmh OD;pH&Sm;
taMumif;udkvnf; Mum;zl;wmESifh ac:NyD; vmcJh&jcif;jzpfygw,f cifAsm? wwfEkdif&if apmifrMunfh½Iyg? ukefusorQ
p&dwfaiGudk uRefawmfhwm0ef xm;vkdufyg cifAsm? oli,fuav;u ½kd;vGef;vkdU r[kwf&ifvJ vGwfygap cifAsm?
tifrwef½kd;wJh aumif;wJh vluav;yg cifAsm? b,fenf;ESifhrS onfvkd&uf&ufpufpuf vkyf0HhrJh vluav;
r[kwfygbl;cifAsm}
&S m;/ /][kdnu OD;oefUu armifoufxGef;udk ay;vkdufwJh pmcsKyfawG qkdwmu bmpmcsKyfawGvJ}
cif/ /]aMomf 'gawGvJ armifoufxGef; vufrSmyJ awGUw,fcifAs? 'gawGu trsdK;om;BuD;yGm;a&; ukrÜPDu
tpkpyf&S,f,m vufrSwfawG qkdxifyg&JU cifAsm? 5000d bkd;avmuf &Sdw,fqkduyJ}
&S m;/ /]onfukrÜPD ysufoGm;NyDaum cifAs}
cif/ /]onfvkdyJ Mum;ygw,f}
&S m;/ /]aMomf 'gjzifh tckwavmOD;oefUrSm aiGaMu;awmfawmf qHk;½HI;&Smoaygh? onfwpfcsufuav;jzifh
armifoufxGef;twGuf arQmfvifhp&muav; &Sdyg&JU cifAsm? udkif; udkif; uRefawmfwkdU udk,fwkdif vkdufNyD;
MunfhygOD;r,f cifAsm? aeUvnf pmydkU&xm;ESifh vkdufMuwmy}
uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdUonf OD;bcifwkdUESifhtwl xkdaeYaeYvnf tqef&xm;ESifh vkdufygoGm;Muav&m naeüyif

anmifav;yifNrdKUodkU qkdufa&mufMuav\/
rD;&xm;ay:rS qif;oufrdMuavvQif armifpH&Sm;onf OD;bcifwkdUtm; rdrdpGrf;tm; &SdorQ
aqmif&GufygrnftaMumif;ESifh tmr0efwm cHcJhNyD;vQif ¤if;wdkUESifh cGJcGmí uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdUonf ykvdyfXmem
odkU oGm;a&mufMuav\/ XmemtkyfESifh awGUqkHMuaomtcg armifpH&Sm;u rdrdrSm w&m;cHbufu iSm;&rf;ojzifh
ykvdyft&m&SdwkdU\ xifjrifcsuftwkdif; [kwfr[kwf? rSefrrSefudk pkHprf;Munfh½I&ef vkdufvmcJh&jcif; jzpfaMumif;ESifh
ajymjyaomtcg Xmemtkyfu NyHK;&,fvsuf
tkyf/ /]onftrIrSmawmh q&m vkdufcJh&wm yifyef;½Hk&SdrSmyg q&m ?onfxuf xif&Sm;wJhtrI b,frSm &SdOD;rSmvJ
q&m}
&S m;/ /]iSm;ol&SdjyefawmhvJ vkdufcJh&jyefwmyJAsm? 'gxuf armifoufxGef;rSm 'Pf&mrsm; awGUovm;}
tkyf/ /]rawGUyguvm; q&m}
&S m;/ /]'gjzifh awmfao;&JUAsdKU? ukdif; udkif; OD;oefUtdrfudk vkdufcJhprf;ygOD;Asm? usKyf Munfhprf;csifygao;w,f}
xkdtcg Xmemtkyfonf vkdufaomfvnf; tusdK;&Sdrnfr[kwf [lí zGifh[í rajym0HhaomaMumifhomvQif
rajymaomfvnf; ¤if;\ rsufESmxm;rSmrl xkdtaMumif;udkaumif;pGm xif&Sm;apvsuf cyfNyHK;NyHK;rsufESmESihf
vkdufygcJhav\/
OD;oefU\tdrfBuD;rSm a&S;tdrfBuD; jzpfonfhtwkdif; tvGefw&m a[mif;EGrf;tkdrif;í us,f0ef;vSaom
oHk;aqmifNydKiftdrfBuD; jzpfav&m uRefawmfwkdUonf xkdtdrfBuD;odkU a&mufaomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf avSum;xpfrSpí
aocsmpGm MunfhNyD;rS wjznf;jznf; tdrfay: odkU wufMuav\/ avSum;xpfrsm;ESifh acG;uwufay:üum;
aoG;rsm;onf 0dkif;0kdif;pufpuf pGef;ayvsuf &Sdonfudk awGU&ojzifh OD;bcifajymonfhtwkdif; wpfpHkwpfckaom
'Pf&mrS wpfpufwpfpuf uscJhonfh vu©Pm &Sdav\/
tavmif;rSmrl tdrfay:rS a&TUajymif;í aq;½HkokdU ydkUNyD;NyD jzpfav&m armifpH&Sm;onf OD;oefUaoqHk;&m {nfhcef;odkU
a&mufonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf ¤if;\ xHk;pHtwkdif; Murf;ay:ü av;zufwGm;NyD;vQif Murf;rsm;udk rSefbDvl;ESifh aocsmpGm
Munfhav\/ tavmif;&Sdzl;aom ae&mü um; aoG;wkdUonf paumyrmPrQ us,f0ef;atmif tuGufBuD;jzpfí
aeav&m armifpH&Sm;onf ¤if;teD;ü txl;ojzifh *½kpdkufí rSefbDvl;ESifh MunfhNyD;rS wjznf;jznf; wa&GUa&GU
avSum;odkU a&mufonfhwkdifatmif vkdufoGm;av\/
tcef;0teD;okdU a&mufaomtcgüum; wpfpHkwpfckudk awGU&Sdonfhvu©PmESifh wefU&yfum aocsmpGm
Munfh½INyD;aemuf xkdae&mrSpí wpfawmifuGm wpfawmifuGm ae&mwkdUü cPcP &yfwefUvsuf avSum;
a&mufonf wkdifatmif wa&GUa&GU wGm;oGm;av\/
¤if;aemuf wpfzef tdrfay: odkU wufvmcJhjyefNyD;vQif armifpH&Sm;onf OD;oefU\tavmif;rS ,kdpD;íus&pfaom
aoG;uGufudk a&pkdaom t0wfwpfckESifh yGwfwkdufí ykvif;i,fwpfckodkUvnf;aumif;? avSum;ay:ü awGU&Sdaom
aoG;uGufudk xkdenf;twl tenf;i,f yGwfwkduf,liifNyD;aemuf ykvif;i,fwpfckodkU vnf;aumif; toD;oD; xnfhí
,liifav\/
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf tdrfay:rS qif;oGm;jyefí ajrBuD;ay:ü aocsmpGm Munfh½Ijyefav&m
trIrjzpfyGm;rDwpfaeUü rkd;&GmoGef;í xm;onf jzpfaomaMumifh ajc&mwkdUonf ajray:ü aumif;rGefpGm xif&Sm;vsuf
&Sdonfudk awGU&av\/ odkU&mwGif trIjzpfyGm;NyD;onfhaemuf vltajrmuftjrm; wufqif;oGm;vmMuonf
jzpfaomaMumihf ajc&mwkdUonf wpfckay:ü wpfckxyfvsuf ½Iyf,Sufcwf jzpfaeonfudk awGU&av\/ okdU&mwGif
a&TOa'gif;
armifpH&Sm;onf pdwfysuf[efvu© Pmr&SdbJ ¤if;ajc&mwkdUudk avSum;OD;rS 0if;wHcg;okdUa&mufonf wkdifatmif

aocsmpGm rSefbDvl;ESifh Munfh½Ivsuf &Sd&m aemufqHk;ü pdwfauseyfonfh vu©PmESifh uRefawmfhtm; ac:iifNyD;vQif
&S m;/ /]udkodef;armif ? a[monf ajc&mBuD; Munfhprf;? jrif&JUvm;? a[monfae&mrSm aumif;aumif;BuD; yDow,f?
a[monfae&mrSm aumif;aumif;BuD; ryDobl;? a[m'Dae&mrSmawmh olUtay:udk onfhjyif ajc&mwpfcku
xyfNyD;eif;oGm;vkdU cyfysufysufjzpfaew,f awGU&JUvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]awGUw,fAsdKU}
&S m;/ /]onf[m cifAsm; b,fhES,foabm&ovJ}
uRefawmf/ /]ajc&muawmh onfhjyifajc&mawGxuf BuD;w,f? zdeyfvnf; rygbl;? zdeyfpD;vkdU&Sd&if tenf;qHk;eHygwf
10 avmufrSyJ awmfr,fh ajc&myJ}
&S m;/ /]rSefw,f? onfhjyifwpfcsufu olUajc&may:udk onfhjyifajc&mawGu xyfNyD;eif;oGm;vkdU olysuf&w,fvkdUom
&Sdw,fAs? onfhjyifajc&mawGudk oleif;rdvkdU onfhjyifajc&mawG ysufw,fvkdUr&Sdbl;? onf[m bmaMumifhvJAsm}
uRefawmf/ /(pOf;pm;rdojzifh 0r;fomtm;&ESifh) ]olut&ifqHk;a&mufNyD; onfhjyifajc&mawGu olUaemufrS
a&mufw,f? onfvkd r[kwfbl;vm; cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]awmfvmNyDAsdKU udkodef;armif? ukdif; NyD;awmh wpfcsufu usKyfwkdU awGU&orQ ajc&mBuD;awG[m
vufsmbufajcaxmuf&mcsnf;yJ awGU&w,f? olESifhvkdufatmif vuf0Jbufajc&maum cifAsm? awGU&&JUvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]rawGUbl;AsdKU? ysufukefvkdU xifyg&JUAsm}
&S m;/ /]vufsmbuf ajcaxmuf&mawGudkawmh awGU&w,f? vuf0Jbufajcaxmuf&mrS a&G;NyD;tm;vHk;ysufoGm;w,f?
rjzpfEdkifbl;As? wpfckwpfavawmh usef&pf&OD;r,f ? a[monfrSm Munfhprf;? onf[m vusfmbuf\ tv,fA[kdrSm
&Sdawmh vuf0Jbufajcaxmuf cswJh ae&mESifhwlw,f? Munfhprf;AsdKU aoaocsmcsm}
uRefawmf/ /]onf[mu vlajcaxmuf&mESifh rwlyguvm;Asm? 0kdif;wkdif;wkdif;ESifh bmaumifu
ajcaxmuf&mrsm;vJAsm}
&S m;/ /]bmaumifu ajc&mrS r[kwfbl;? vusfmbufajc&mBuD;u ESpfck\ tv,frSmcsnf; &Sdavawmh
ajc&mBuD;ESpfzufyJvkdU qkd&r,f? onfae&mrSmawmh aumif;aumif;BuD;xif&Sm;w,f? a[m'DrSm rxif&Sm;bl;?
wpfykdif;om ay:w,f? a[m'DrSmvJ wpf0ufom ay:w,f? okdUaomf ay:wdkif;ay:wkdif; tv,frSmcsnf; &Sdavawmh
vlwpfa,mufwnf;\ ajc&mjzpfw,fvkdUr,loifhbl;vm;Asm}
uRefawmf/ /]aMomf [kwfNyDAsdKU? wpfzufuawmh ajcaxmuftaumif;? wpfzufuawmh opfom;ajcaxmuf wyfxm;
w,fAsdKU}
&S m;/ /]tppfyJ udkodef;armif? onftcsuf awmfawmf ta&;BuD;w,fAs? ukdif; udkif; tdrfay:udk wufNyD;
MunfhMuOD;pdkUAsm}
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf tdrfay: odkU wpfzefwufoGm;jyefí wHcg;rsm;udk vnf;aumif;? eH&Hrsm;udk vnf;aumif;?
wkdifuyfrD;tdrfudk vnf;aumif; aocsmpGm Munfh½Ijyefav&m aemufqHk;ü tdrf\rdausmif;wef;ü rD;tdrfcsdwf&ef
wyfqifíxm;aom oHcsdwfwpfckudk awGU&Sd&av\/ xkdtcgüum; rD;tdrfwyfqufvsuf r&Sdacs/ armifpH&Sm;onf
¤if;oHcsdyfudk aocsmpGm udkifwG,fMunfh½Ií wpfpHkwpfckudk awGU&Sdojzifh vufjzifh ,liifum puLújzifh xkyfNyD;vQif
tdwfwGif;odkU xnfhxm;vkdufav\/ ¤if;aemuf oHcsdyfukd rdrdt&yfjzifh wkdif;wmvsuf&Sd&m oHcsdyf&Sdaomae&mrSm
armifpH&Sm;\ t&yfxuf vufwpftkyfcefUrQ jrifhvsuf &Sdav\/ XmemtkyfrSmrl armifpH&Sm;\ taMumif;udk
Mum;zl;aomfvnf; ¤if;\pHkaxmufyHk enf;emedoQudk em;rvnfEkdifonfjzpfí cyfNyHK;NyHK;rsufESmxm;ESifh Munfhvsuf

&Sdav\/ ,if;uJhodkU aphpyfaocsmpGm Munfh½Ií NyD;vwfaomf armifpH&Sm;u
&S m;/ /]udkif;? awmfavmufygNyDAsm? Xmemudk jyefMuygpdkU? aMomf aeOD; armifoufxGef;qkdwJh oli,fudk cPavmuf
awGUyg&apvm;Asm}
tkyf/ /]awGUEkdifygw,f q&m}
XmemodkUa&mufaomtcgw&m;cH\vlyHkyef;udk omvQif aocsmpGmpkdufMunfhí pum;rsm;pGm rajymbJ ¤if;\
vufarmif;rS aoG;tenf;i,f &vkdaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdNyD;vQif armif;cs"m;i,fESifh tenf;i,f vufarmif;udk
jcpfazmufNyD;aemuf t0wfjzifh okwf,lí ,cifu aoG;rsm;enf;wl ykvif;wpfckü xnfhxm;jyefav\/ ¤if;aemuf
ykvif;rsm;ü ]armifoufxGef;aoG;}? ]OD;oefU\aoG;}? ]avSum;ay:rS awGUaomaoG;} tp&Sdonfjzifh pmjzifh a&;om;í
ykvif;toD;oD;wkdUü uyfxm;vkdufav\/ xkdtjcif;t&mudk jrifojzifh Xmemtkyfu
tkyf/ /]vlwpfa,mufaoG;ESifh wpfa,mufaoG;[m twlwlcsnf;yJ r[kwfbl;vm; q&m? wd&pmäefaoG;ESifh vlaoG;
jcm;em;aMumif;udkawmh Mum;zl;yg&JU? vltcsif;csif; jcm;em;w,fvkdUawmh rMum;zl;ao;ygbl; q&m}
&S m;/ /]rSefygw,f omrn aoG;qkdvQifawmh jcm;em;NyD;ajymEkdifzkdU cJ,Of;ygw,f? okdUaomf wpfcgwpf&Hawmhvnf;
cGJjcm;NyD;ajymEkdifwmudk;As? okdUaomfvnf; uHpGefUuHpm; qkdwmvkdYyJAsm? rxl;jcm;onf jzpfap? xl;jcm;onf jzpfap?
trIuawmh xif&Sm;oavmuf xif&Sm;aeygNyD}
tkyf/ /][kwfygw,f q&m? armifoufxGef; owfaMumif;awmh xif&Sm;NyD;om; ygyJ}
[k ajymaomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf rdrd\ xifjrifcsufudk tvG,fwul xkwfazmfí ajymvG,fvSaom Xmemtkyf
uav;tm; rnfodkUrQ jyefí rajymbJ NyHK;&,fumomvQif &SdaeavvQif uRefawmfrSm armifpH&Sm;\ oabmudk
od&SdNyD;jzpfí armifoufxGef;twGuf arQmfvifhjcif; &Sdao;onf[k rSwfxifrdav\/
trSefudk qkd&rnfjzpfvQif uRefawmfonf w&m;cHarmifoufxGef;udk jrifvkduf&onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf rnfrQyif
pdwfcufxefaom olwpfa,muf jzpfapumrl ½kd;om;ajzmifhrwfaMumif;? pdwfESvHk;jrifhjrwfaMumif;udk uRefawmf\
pdwfü aumif;aumif;Bud; oabmusNyD; jzpfaomaMumifh vGwfajrmufygap[k pdwfxJü qkawmif;arwmåydkUvsuf
&SdcJhrdav\/
XmemrS xGufvmcJhMuNyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf uRefawmfhtm; udpöwpfck &Sdao;aMumif;ESifh ajymqkdí
rMumrDtwGif;wGif jyefvmcJh&ef tmrcHNyD;vQif vrf;cGJí oGm;av&m uRefawmfrSm OD;bcif\aetdrfokdU oGm;a&muf
apmifhqkdif;vsuf &Sdav\/ OD;bcifESifh raomif;jrwkdUuvnf; rnfokdU&Sdygoenf;[k pdwftm;xufoefaom
trlt&mESifh ar;jref;Muav&m uRefawmfu armifpH&Sm;onf trIwpfpHkwpf&m aqmif&Gufí rNyD;pD;ao;rD ¤if;\
xifjrifcsufudk xkwfazmfajymqkd&ef 0goem r&Sdojzifh rnfodkUrQ rajymao;aomfvnf; w&m;cHtwGufrSm
arQmfvifh&ef&Sdonf[k uRefawmfxifjrifaMumif;ESifh omvQif jyefajymítm;ay;&av\/ xkdnOfU 6 em&DtcsdefcefUwGif
armifpH&Sm;onf OD;bcif\ tdrfodkU a&mufvmcJh&m
uRefawmf/ /]b,fhES,fvJAs? aq;½Hku vmcJhwm r[kwfvm;}
&S m;/ /][kwfygw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]aoG;oHk;rsdK;udk "mwkaA'enf;ESifh cGJNyD;Munfhawmh b,fhES,f xl;jcm;ovJ}
&S m;/ /]udkodef;armif tckwavm tyHkBuD; wkd;vmNyDAsdKU? xl;jcm;ygw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]avSum;ay:u aoG;[m b,folUaoG;vJAs? armifoufxGef;&JU aoG;vm;? OD;oefUaoG;vm;}
&S m;/ /]r[kwfao;bl;? awG;OD;Asm}
a&TOa'gif;
uRefawmf/ /]opfom;ajcaxmufwpfzuf wyfxm;wJh vl&JU aoG;vm;}

&S m;/ /]tppfyJ? udk,fhvlu awmfw,fqkdav awmfavygvm;As}
xkdtcg uRefawmfhrSm q&m\ csD;rGrf;jcif;udk cH&aom wynfhuJhokdU 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om jzpfNyD;vQif aemufxyfí
ar;jref;ajymqkd awG;awmjcif; jyKcJhygrl tjypfwifzG,f taMumif;rsm;ay:aygufí vmrnfudk pkd;aomaMumihf
Nidrf0yfpGmESifh tdyf&modkU 0ifcJhav\/
aemufwpfaeU eHeufapmapmü Xmemtkyfonf xkdaeUu armifpH&Sm;\ rsufESmxm;udk pOf;pm;rdonfh vu©PmESifh

tdrfodkU a&mufvmcJhí
tkyf/ /]ajymprf;ygOD;q&m? q&mhrsufESmxm; Munfh&wm wpfckck awGUxm;wJh vu©Pm &Sdygw,f? odwef&ifvJ
odyg&ap q&m}
&S m;/ /]usKyfvJ aoaocsmcsmBuD;awmh pHkprf;vkdU r&ao;bl;As? odkUaomf usKyfodoavmuf ajymjy&rSmjzifh
ukvm;vlrsdK; vuf0Jbuf ajcaxmufrSm qifajcaxmufa&m*gpGJNyD;? ajcovHk;BuD;wkwfwkwfESifh awGUvkdU&Sd&if a0;a0;
roGm;apESifhaemf? ezl;txufem;u acgif;ay:rSmvJ 'Pf&mwpfck awGUvdrfhr,f? onfukvm; awGUcJhvkdU&Sd&if
zrf;NyD;csKyfxm;&ifvJ rvGefEkdifbl; xifw,f} [k ajymaomtcg XmemtkyfESifhwuG uRefawmfwkdUrSm rsm;pGm
thHtm;oifhvsuf &SdaeMuav\/ XmemtkyfrSmrl rsm;pGmtHhMo[ef vu©Pm&Sdaomfvnf; armifpH&Sm;awG;awmcsufrSm
vGefvGef;vSonf[k atmufarhonfh vu©Pmjzifh r,Hkwpf0uf ,Hkwpf0ufESifhyif XmemodkU jyefoGm;av\/
xkdaeUü trIudk NrdKUydkif½Hk;ü ppfaq;í puf&Sif½Hk;okdU ydkUoifh rydkUoifh qHk;jzwfrnf jzpfav&m uRefawmfESifh
armifpH&Sm;wkdUonf ½Hk;cef;odkU 0ifrdMuavvQif NrdKUydkifonf þtrIESihf ywfoufí pHkaxmufBuD; OD;pH&Sm;udk,fwkdif
vma&mufem;axmifvsuf &SdaMumif; owif;Mum;NyD; jzpfojzifh uRefawmfwkdUtm; aumif;rGefpGm ae&mxkdifcif;
ay;av\/ em;axmifvmol y&dwfowfwkdUteuf OD;bcifESifh raomif;jrwkdUvnf; yg&SdMuav&m ¤if;wdkUonf
armifpH&Sm;\ rsufESmxm;udk jrifojzifh rsm;pGm tm;wufvsuf &SdMuav\/ w&m;cH armifoufxGef;udkvnf;
aESmiftdrfwGif;odkU oGwfoGif;vsuf &Sd&m q&m0efrSmvnf; rMumrD a&mufvmcJh\/
a&S;OD;pGm tapcHOD;axmfudk ppfaq;&m OD;axmfu armifoufxGef;onf OD;oefU aoqHk;rnfh naeu tdrfokdU
vma&mufNyD;vQif OD;oefUESifh wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf tajctwif tcsif;rsm;vsuf &SdMuonfudk Mum;&aMumif;ESifh
tppfcHav\/ ¤if;aemuf q&m0efBuD;udk ppfaq;jyef&m q&m0efBuD;u aovGefol OD;oefUrSm vnfyif;wGif
oifwHk;"m;'Pf&mESifh aoqHk;jcif; rSefaMumif;udk tppfcHav\/ rnfonfhtcsdefü aoqHk;aMumif;udk armifpH&Sm;u
ar;jref;aomtcg tavmif;\ tajctaeudk axmufjcif;tm;jzifh oef;acgifeD;eD;jzpfap? oef;acgifausmfausmfavmuf
jzpfap aoqHk;jcif; jzpfEkdifaMumif;ESifh xGufqkdav\/
xkdtcg w&m;olBuD;onf xkdifí armifpH&Sm;bufokdU vSnfhNyD;vQif EkdifiHausmf pHkaxmufBuD; OD;pH&Sm;onf þtrIü
vma&mufpHkprf;vsuf &Sdonf[k Mum;od&í [kwfrSefonft h wkdif; jzpfvdrfhrnf[lí arQmfvifh&onfhtwGuf rsm;pGm
0rf;ajrmufaMumif;? OD;pH&Sm;rSm þtrIü oufaotjzpfESifh tppfcH&ef qifhac:jcif; rjyKaomfvnf; trIESifh ywfoufí
xifjrifcsuf ay;vkdonfjzpfu 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om em;axmifrnf jzpfygaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdav\/ xkdtcg
armifpH&Sm;u ¤if;trIESifh ywfoufí xifjrifcsuf ay;vkdygaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdonfwGif w&m;olBuD;onf
armifpH&Sm;tm; usrf;&Gufapí oufaocef;odkU oGif;av\/
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;u ¤if;trIü aoG;pufrsm;onf ta&;BuD;aom tcsufwpfckjzpfaMumif;udk trsm;yif 0efcH Mu&rnf
jzpfonfhtwkdif; rdrdonf tcef;wGif;ü awGU&Sdaom aoG;pufrsm;ESifh avSum; ? acG;uwuf ponfwkdUwGif awGU&Sdaom
aoG;pufwkdU\ erlemudk ,lNyD;vQif aq;½Hkq&m0efBuD;xH "mwfjzifh cGJpdwfMunfh½I&ef wifydkUcJhaMumif;? odkUjzpfí þ
q&m0ef\ xGufqkdcsufudk Mum;rdMu&ef q&m0efBuD;tm; ppfaq; Munfh½IoifhaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdav\/
xkdtcg w&m;olBuD;onf armifpH&Sm;ajymqkdonfhtwkdif; q&m0eftm; oufaocef;odkU 0ifapNyD;vQif usrf;wkduf

apNyD;aemuf
&S m;/ /]aoG;udkMunfhjcif;tm;jzifh rnfol\ aoG;jzpfonfudk ajymEkdifygovm;]
0ef/ /]rajymEkdifyg? vlwpfOD;\ aoG;onf tjcm;wpfOD;\ aoG;ESifh twlwlyif jzpfygonf}
&S m;/ /]a&m*g&Sdaom vlwpfa,muf\ aoG;ESifh usef;rmaom vlwpfa,muf\ aoG;onf wlnDygovm;}
0ef/ /]rwlnDyg? a&m*g&Sdol\ aoG;onf a&m*gESifhqkdif&m ydk;uav;rsm; yg&Sdwwfygonf}
&S m;/ /]uRefawmfonf q&m0eftm; aoG;erlem oHk;rsdK;udk "mwfcGJí Munfh&ef ay;tyfygovm;}
0ef/ /]ay;tyfygonf}
&S m;/ /]¤if;oHk;rsdK;onf wlnDygovm;? jcm;em;jcif; &Sdygovm;}
0ef/ /]rwlnDyg? ESpfrsdK;rSm usef;rmaomol\ aoG;jzpfygonf? wpfrsdK;rSm ydk;rsm;ygygonf}
&S m;/ /]rnfonfhydk;rsdK; ygygoenf;}
0ef/ /]qifajcaxmufa&m*g pGJuyfol wpfa,muf\ ydk;rsm; ygygonf}
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf q&m0eftm; ppfaq;jcif;rSm vHkavmufNyD[lí ajymqkdNyD;vQif rdrdudk,fwkdif

oufaocef;odkU wpfzef 0ifNyD;aemuf ¤if;trIü ukvm;vlrsdK; t&yfjrifhjrifh? qHyifaumufaumuf? ezl;rSm
'Pf&mwpfck &Sdí vuf0JbufajcovHk;BuD;BuD;? opfom;ajcaxmuf wyfxm;ol wpfa,mufonf armifoufxGef;
xufyif ta&;BuD;aom w&m;cHjzpfaMumif;ESifh xGufqkdav\/ xkdtcg
w&m;ol BuD;/ /]uRefawmfwkdU em;vnfatmif &Sif;vif;í ajymjyyg}
&S m;/ /]uRefawmfonf tcef;wGif;ü awGU&aom OD;oefU\aoG;? acG;uwufESihf avSum;ay:rSm awGU&aom aoG;?
xkdUjyif armifoufxGef;\ aoG;? aoG;erlem oHk;ckudk ,lí q&m0eftm; jyo&m avSum;ESifh acG;uwufay:rSm
awGU&aomaoG;rSm qifajcaxmufa&m*g pGJuyfolwpfa,muf\ aoG;jzpfaMumif;udk q&m0efu xGufqkdygonf?
xkdUaMumifh xkdnu armifoufxGef;tjyif tjcm;vl wpfa,mufvnf; xkdtdrfodkU vma&mufaMumif;udk
uRefawmfod&Sd&ygonf? ajc&mrsm;udk aocsmpGm Munfh½Iaomtcgüvnf; opfom;ajcaxmufwpfzufudk awGU&
ygonf? q&m0efu qifajcaxmufa&m*g pGJuyfol\ aoG;jzpfaMumif;udk xGufqkdonfhtcg opfom; ajcaxmuf
wyfxm;aom olonf xkdolyif jzpf&rnf[k awG;awm&ef&Sdygonf? qifajcaxmufa&m*g qkdonfrSm ajcovHk;
wpfzufonf ½Ijrifí raumif;avmufatmif BuD;í aeaom a&m*gjzpfí ukvm;vlrsdK;rsm;ü pGJuyfwwfaom
a&m*gjzpfygonf}
w&m;ol BuD;/ /]t&yfjrifhaMumif;udk tb,fhaMumifh odEkdifygoenf;}
&S m;/ /]tcef;wGif;&Sd wpfckaom ae&mü csdwf&efwyfqifí xm;aom oHaumufwpfck &Sdygonf? ¤if; oHaumufonf
Murf;rS ajcmufaycefU jrifhygonf? ¤if;oHaumufü qHyifaumufaumuf oHk;yifav;yif uyfvsuf&Sdaeonfudk
awGU&ygonf? okdUjzpfí wpfpHkwpfa,mufaomolonf ysm,D;ysm,mESifh xGufvmaom tcg oHaumufudk
OD;acgif;ESifh wkdufrdygonf? ajcmufaycefUjrifhaom oHaumufudk OD;acgif;ESifh wkdufrdaomolrSm t&yfjrifhaom
olwpfa,muf jzpf&ygrnf}
w&m;ol BuD;/ /]OD;acgif;rSm 'Pf&mwpfck &Sdonf[k qkdjcif;rSm ¤if; 'Pf&mudk qkdygovm;}
&S m;/ /]rSefygonf}
a&TOa'gif;
xkdcPü ½Hk;cef;twGif;ü tkyftkyfusufusuf jzpfoGm;ojzifh uRefawmfonf rnfodkUaom taMumif;aMumifhayenf;[k

vSnfhí Munfhvkduf&m t&yftvGefjrifhrm;aom yxefukvm;BuD; wpfa,mufonf tcef;wGif;odkU wjznf;jznf;
0ifvmonfudk awGUjrif&av\/ xkdol\ vuf0JajcovHk;BuD;onfum; qif\ ajcaxmuf uJhodkUyif BuD;rm;vsuf
&Sdonfudk awGU&av\/
½Hk;twGif;ü &Sdaom y&dowfrsm;ESihfwuG w&m;olBuD;wkdUvnf; ukvm;BuD;tm; tHhMopGm MunfhaeMu&m ykvdyft&m&Sd
ESpfa,mufwkdUrSmrl ukvm;BuD;\ teD;odkU csOf;uyfMuav\/ xkdtcg ukvm;BuD;u ]uREkfyf xGufrajy;ygbl;?
rSefrSefajymzkdU uREkfyf vmygw,f} [k ajymaomtcg w&m;olBuD;u ajymjy&ef tcGifhjyKonfwGif ukvm;BuD;u
þtrIü tjypfr&Sdaom olwpfa,mufudk zrf;qD;í xm;onf[k Mum;od&í vma&muf tppfcH&jcif; jzpfaMumif;?
xkdnu rdrdonf oef;acgif&xm;udk pD;&ef blwm½HkokdU oGm;aomtcg rkd;uav;wzGJzGJ &Gmvsuf &SdaMumif;?
tjcm;aom tdrfrsm;rSm wHcg;rsm;ydwfvsuf qdwfNidrfpGm &SdaeMu&m? xkdtdrfwpftdrfwnf;omvQif rD;vif;vQuf
&Sdonfudk awGU&aMumif;? tdrfa&SUodkU a&mufaomtcg av;vHaomt&m0w¬Kwpfckonf Murf;ay: odkU ½kwfw&uf
vJusonfh toHukd Mum;&ojzifh tHhMopGmESifh em;axmifvsuf&SdpOf vlwpfa,muf\ nnf;nLoHudk Mum;&aMumif;?
xkdtcg rdrdu u,fq,f&efvkdu u,fq,fvkdonf jzpfí avSum;rSwufNyD;vQif zGifhxm;aom wHcg;rS tdrfwGif;odkU
0ifoGm;aMumif;? tcef;wGif;okdU a&mufonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf "m;'Pf&mESifh tcef;wGifvJvsuf toufukefaeaom
vlwpfa,muf\ tavmif;udk awGUjrif&aomtcg tu,fí tjcm;olwkdUu rdrdtm; xkdtdrfay:ü awGUjrifí
oGm;cJhvQif rdrdowfonf[k xifrSwfrnfudk ½kwfw&uf pkd;&drfaMumuf&GUHonf jzpfaomaMumifh tdrfay:rS ysm,D;ysm,m
qif;vmcJh&aMumif;ESifh ajymqkdonfwGif armifpH&Sm;u
&S m;/ /]OD;acgif;ESifh bmESifh wkdufrdovJ}
ukvm;BuD;/ /('Pf&mudk vufñdI;nTefvsuf) ]bmESifh wkdufrdw,f rodbl;? tm;BuD; emoGm;w,f}
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;u ¤if;trIü vufo,fonf armifoufxGef;r[kwfEkdif? OD;oefUonf rdrd\ ypönf;rsm; qHk;½IH;

onfhtwGuf pdwfnpfnL;onfjzpf&m rdrd\ukd,fudkrdrd "m;ESifh xkd;í owfaMumif; xif&Sm;onf[k ajymqkdonfhtcg
w&m;olBuD;vnf; aumif;pGm auseyfonfhtwkdif; w&m;cHudk vTwfvkduf&m armifoufxGef;ESifh raomif;jr?
orD;&nf;pm; ESpfa,mufwkdUrSm armifpH&Sm;\ vufudk wpfa,mufwpfzufpD udkifvsuf vdIufvdIufvSJvSJ aus;Zl;wif
pum; ajymMum;Muavownf;/
NyD;ygNyD/
______
19/ tdEd´,jynf? rkdufpkd;e,f? r[m&mZmapmfbGm;\eef;wGif;ywåjrm;aysmufqHk;rIü

armifpH&Sm;pHkaxmufy Hk
tvGefw&m yltkdufvSaom nwpfnü uRefawmfESifh uRefawmf\ rdwfaqGarmifpH&Sm;wkdUonf nOfUeufaomfvnf;
tdyf&mokdU r0ifEkdifao;bJ tdrfa&SU0&efwmokdU xGufNyD;vQif yefumukdzGifhvsuf avnif;cHvsuf &SdaepOf w,fvDzkef;
EId;pufoHMum;ojzifh uRefawmfonf oGm;a&mufem;axmifonfwGif pHkaxmuftifpydwfawmf armiftkef;azu
ta&;BuD;aom udpöwpfck wkdifyif&ef &Sdonfjzpfí yef;yJwef;XmemokdU csufcsif;vma&mufMu&ef awmif;yefjcif;
jzpfaMumif;udk od&Sd&av\/ xkdtaMumif;udk uRefawmfonf armifpH&Sm;tm; ajymjy&m armifpH&Sm;u rtdyfEkdifao;
onfhtwlwl ¤if;ESifhvkdufcJh&efac:iifojzifh uRefawmfwkdUonf vefjcm;uav;wpfpD;ESifh XmemokdU oGm;a&mufMu
av\/
XmemodkU a&mufMuvQif tifpydwfawmf armiftkef;azESifh XmemtkyfwkdUonf ykvdyfom; wpfa,mufESifh
pm;yGJwpfckteD;wGif wkdifyifajymqkdvsuf &SdMu&m armiftkef;azonf uRefawmfwkdU 0ifvmonfudk jrifvkdufonfESifh
az/ /]aus;Zl;wifygw,f q&m? q&mwkdU tdyfukefMuNyDvm;vkdU prf;NyD;ac:Munfhvkdufwm rtdyfMuao;yJudk;?

xkdifMuyg q&m}
&S m;/ /]bmudpörsm;vJAsm}
az/ /]udpöuawmh w,fBuD; ta&;BuD;vSw,fvkdU r[kwfygbl; q&m? okdUaomf q&mu jrtrsdK;rsdK; jrifzl;aMumif;?
,ckacwftcgrSm pdefawG b,fvdkyif aygaomfvnf; jraumif;? ausmufeDaumif;rsm; &Sm;yg;aMumif; udk wpfaeUu
pum;pyfrdvkdU ajymavawmh a[m'DrSm ausmufwpfvHk; awGUxm;wm? jr ppfvm; rppfvm; jyMunfhcsifvkdUyg q&m}
[kajymí armiftkef;azonf pm;yGJay:&Sd rifESdyfpuúLay:wGif wifxm;aom tvGefw&m pdrf;vSonfh ausmufwpfvHk;udk
,lNydD;vQif armifpH&Sm;tm; jyav\/
armifpH&Sm;onf ausmufudk,lí tusÐvufarmif;jzifh yGwfNyD;aemuf rD;a&mifwGif axmifí vnf;aumif;? apmif;í
vnf;aumif;? rsufpdwpfzufudk rdSwfum trsdK;rsdK; xm;í MunfhNyD;aemuf aywHwpfckudk awmif;,lNyD;vQif wkdif;xGm
Munfh&m tvsm; vufrwpf0ufcefU? teHvufr oHk;rl;? xk wpfrl;cefU &SdaMumif;udk awGU&Sd&av\/ ,if;uJhokdU
awGU&Sd&onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf armifpH&Sm;rSm ½kwfw&uf twefi,f wkefvIyfaom trlt&m &Sdav&m
az/ /]b,fhES,fvJ q&m? jrtwk r[kwfvm;? jr ppf&if onfavmufawmif BuD;Ekdifr,f rxifygbl; q&m}
&S m;/ /]ppfw,f rppfw,f? a[monfrSmom Munfhprf;ygOD;Asm} [k ajymí armifpH&Sm;onf rdrdtusÐtdwfrS t*Fvdyf
owif;pm jzwfydkif;uav;wpfckudk xkwfí uRefawmfwkdUtm; jy&m jrefrmvkd t"dyÜm,frSm atmufygtwkdif; jzpfav\
tdEd´,jynf? rkdufpdk;e,f ? r[m&mZm apmfbGm;BuD;rS m eef;wGif; ywåjrm; tajrmuftjrm; &S donfhteufrS

tzkd ;twef qHk ;jzpf í rd zk&m;BuD; em;uyf vk yf&ef twGuf rMumrDu 0,f,lxm;aom jrBuD;ESpfvHk;onf
rnfonfhenf;ESifh aysmufqHk;onf rod? aysmufqHk;í oGm;aMumif;? jrESpfvHk;rS m tvGefw&m t&G,fnD
ta&nD jzpfí wpfvHk;vQif tbkd;aiG 50000d rQ xkd ufw ef av&m ES pf vHk;twGufudkrl 100000d ES if h
0,f,l xm;&S daMumif ;/
¤if;wkdU\ t&G,frSm tvsm; vufr wpf0uf? teH oHk;rl ;? xk wpfrl;cefU&Sd&m ¤if;wkdUudk jyefvnf&&Sdatmif
owif;ay;Ekdif oltm; r[m&mZm apmfbGm;BuD;u xkdufwef aom qkaiGudk csD;jr§ ifh ay;oem;awmf rlvdrfhrnf
jzpfa Mumif ;/
a&TOa'gif;
az/ /][kduf ? uRefawmfwkdU vlawmh aumfNyDaum q&m}

&S m;/ /]onf[mudk b,folawG awGUovJ}
az/ /]a[m'Du ykvdyfom; armifcspfu ywfwa&mifvSnfhoGm;&if; awGUcJhowJh q&m}
&S m;/ /]b,ftem;u awGUcJhovJa[h}
cspf/ /]ukefonfvrff;ESifh vrf; 40 axmifhem;qDu awGUcJhw,f q&m}
&S m;/ /]b,fyHkawGUovJ}
cspf/ /]uRefawmf ywfwa&mifvSnfhvkdU tjyef ...}
&S m;/ /]aeygOD; vrf;ay:rSmvm;}
cspf/ /]orHwvif; ttufuav;xJrSm nyfNyD;aew,f q&m}
&S m;/ /]b,fwkdufa&SUuvJ}
cspf/ /]tJ'DwkdufrSm vlr&Sdbl;q&m ? wkduf&Sifrsm;u rEÅav; bk&m;zl; xGufoGm;MuvkdU wkdufudk ydwfxm;w,f}
&S m;/ /]aMomf odNyD odNyD? wkdufydwfxm;wm wpfvavmuf &SdoGm;NyD r[kwfvm;}
cspf/ /][kwfw,f q&m}
&S m;/ /]udkif; udktkef;az? awGUwJh ae&mESifh tJ'Dwkdufay:udk wpfqdwf usKyf Munfhprf;csifw,fAsm? oGm;Mu&atmif}
az/ /]q&m Munfhcsif&ifvJ vkduf&wmy q&m}
uRefawmfwkdUonf XmemrS xGufvmcJhí ukefonfvrf;ESifh vrf; 40 axmifhokdU a&mufaomtcg
ykvdyfom;armifcspfonf jrawGU&Sdaom ae&mudk jyojzifh armifpH&Sm;onf aocsmpGm Munfh½INyD;aemuf
&S m;/ /]udkif;? vlr&SdwJh wkdufudk wpfqdwf 0ifNyD; Munfhcsifw,f udktkef;az}
az/ /]wHcg;ydwfxm;wm b,fhES,fvkyf 0ifrvJ q&m}
&S m;/ /]wkdufa&SUu wHcg;udk aomhcavmufESifh ydwfxm;wm r[kwfvm;? usKyf BuHNyD;ESifhygAsm}
az/ /]q&m 0ifcsifvdkU&Sd&ifvJ 0ifwmaygh q&m}
xkdtcg uRefawmfwkdUonf wkdufa&SUokdU oGm;MuNyD;vQif armifpH&Sm;onf rdrdESifh tpOfrjywf aqmif,lavh&Sdaom yifhul
[k ac:onfhvufeufuav;udk tusÐtdwfrS xkwfNyD;aemuf aomhcavmufrS aomhaygufudk vQdKí prf;oyfav\/
oHacsmif;i,f wpfacsmif;NyD;vQif wpfacsmif; prf;oyfí vQdKNyD;aemuf xkdrS þrS xkd;aumfvIyfeJUojzifh ESpfrdepfcefUrQ
Mumvwfaomf aomhcavmufonf yGifhoGm;av\/ wHcg;zGifhNyD;onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf armifpH&Sm;onf a&SUqHk;rS0ifí
cg;ydkufaqmifvufESdyf"mwfrD;ESifh xkd;íMunfhqJwGif uRefawmfwkdUonf ¤if;\aemufrS vkdufygoGm;Mu&m wHawmifESifh
&if0udk ½kwfw&uf wGufvkdufojzifh uRefawmfwkdUrSm rnfokdU taMumif;avenf;[k tHhMovsuf &SdMupOf
&S m;/ /]aemufudk qkwfMuAs? eif;rdr,f}
az/ /]bmrsm;vJ q&m}
[k ar;ojzifh armifpH&Sm;onf vufESdyf"mwfrD;ESifh Murf;ay: okdU xkd;í jyav&m armifpH&Sm;\ ajc&if;ü
vlwpfa,mufonf tvsm;arSmuf&uf vJaeonfudk awGUjrifMu&av\/ xkdol\ aemufbufüum; wpfrkdufcefU
tvsm;&Sdaom 'Pf&mBuD;wpfckonf [ufyufNyJvsuf &Sd&m xkdolrSmrlum; toufukefqHk;NyD;jzpfaMumif; od&SdMu
av\/ ¤if;aemuf uRefawmfonf xkdoludk yufvufvSefrdonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf ykvdyfom; armifcspfu
]tvm;? OD;oufxGef;yguvm; q&ma&U ...}

&S m;/ /]b,fu OD;oufxGef;vJuGJU}
cspf/ /]onfwdkufrSm pma&;vkyfaewJh OD;oufxGef;yg q&m}
&S m;/ /]wkduf&Sifu b,folwJh vJ}
cspf/ /]OD;wkd;uav;wJh q&m ? ausmufukefonfyJ}
&S m;/ /]tapcH b,fESpfa,muf &SdovJ}
cspf/ /]OD;wkd;uav;&,f? xrif;csufwJh rdef;uav;&,f? wkdvDrkdvDcdkif;wJh aumifuav;&,f? oHk;a,muf q&m}
&S m;/ /]ighvlu w,fNyD;odyguvm;}
cspf/ /]uRefawmfu 'DtuGufrSm cPcP ywfwa&mif vSnfh&w,f q&m? NyD;awmhvJ xrif;csufwJh rapmjrESifh
uRefawmfESifh awmfawmf tuRrf;0ifw,f q&m}
&S m;/ /]cspfBudKufNyD; aeMuw,f qkdygawmh}
cspf/ /(rsufESmeDvsuf) ]onfavmufvJ r[kwfao;ygbl; q&m}
&S m;/ /]tapcHawG tm;vHk; OD;wkd;uav;ESifh rEÅav;udk vkdufoGm;ovm;}
cspf/ /]vkdufoGm;Muw,f q&m}
&S m;/ /]'gjzifh OD;oufxGef;u b,fenf;ESifh jyefa&mufaeESifhovJ}
cspf/ /]olU q&m vmr,fqkdvkdU olu vmNyD; jyifqifESifh wmrsm; jzpfavrvm; q&m}
&S m;/ /][kwfEkdifavmufyg&JU? okdUaomf wHcg;ydwfvsuf awGUwmu pOf;pm;zkdU wpfcsuf &Sdaew,f? udkif; okdUaomf olU
tdwfxJrSm bmrsm; awGUrvJ &SmMuOD;pkdU}
xkdtcg uRefawmfwkdUonf tavmif;\ tusÐtdwfrsm;udk EIdufí ypönf;rsm;udk tjyifodkU xkwf,lMu&m ¤if;wkdUrSm
aq;jyif;vdyf oHk;vdyf? rD;jcpf wpfbl;? tvHk&yf OD;oufxGef;[k vdyfwyfíxm;onfh pmrygaom pmtdwfwpfvHk;?
aomhwGJwpfwGJ? ykdufqH tEkyf 11 yJESifh 10d wef aiGpuúLwpfcsyf? 'l;*Pef;ESifhwlaom tu©&mrsm; a&;jcpfyg&Sdaom
puúLwpf&Guf jzpfavonf/ tjcm;ypönf;rsm;udkrl armiftkef;az\ vufodkU tyfí armifpH&Sm;onf 'l;*Pef;
aMu;*Pef; yg&Sdaom pm&GufudkomvQif rdrdtdwfxJokdU xnfhxm;vkdufavonf/ ¤if;aemuf
az/ /]udkif;? b,fhES,fvJ q&m? tavmif;udk aq;½Hk,lrS xifw,f}
&S m;/ /]aeygOD;Asm? aoNyD;rSawmh rxl;ygbl;? onfwkdufudk usKyfaoaocsmcsm pHkprf;csifygao;w,f]
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf tavmif;teD;&Sd Murf;jyifpm;yGJtp&SdonfwkdUü aocsmpGm vkdufvH &SmazG&m wpfckaom
pm;yGJatmufü aMu;qif;wk &yfawmfrluav; wpfckudk awGU&Sdojzifh ½kdaopGm aumuf,lNyD;aemuf Munfh½IonfwGif
&S m;/ /]BuHBuHpnfpnfAsm? vufeuf&Sm;yg;vGef;vdkU qif;wkawmfESifh udkifaygufowJhAsm? okdUaomf aeOD; b,fae&mu
,lovJ}
[k ajymí tcef;\ tajctaeudk Munfh½Ijyef&m qif;wkawmf xm;aom pm;yGJuav;udk awGU&Sdojzifh armifcspf\
bufodkU vSnfhí
&S m;/ /]qif;wkawmfudk wkdufay:rSm rxm;bJ wkdufatmufrSm xm;yHkudk axmufcsifhMunfhawmh udk;uG,fzkdUxm;[ef
rwlbl;? onfvl[m c&pf,mefbmom r[kwfvm; armifcspf}
a&TOa'gif;
cspf/ /][kwfw,f q&m}

¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwdkUonf tdrfa&SUcef;rS aemufaz;cef;odkU 0ifíMunfhMu&m xrif;pm;cef;&Sd pm;yGJay:üum;
xrif;[if; t<uif;tusefwkdUESifh pm;tifcGufa,mufrsm;udk awGU&SdMu&av\/ [if;rSm Muufom;[if;? ig;ydausmf
rSwpfyg; 0uftlacsmif;? 0ufom;okyf? q,fhESpfrsdK;[if;csdK tp&Sdonfh w½kwfxrif;qkdifrS 0,f,laom [if;rsdK;rsm;
jzpfavonf/ xrif;[if;wkdUrSm okd;ykwfjcif; r&Sdao;bJ vwfqwfaumif;rGefpGmyif &Sdao;av\/
armifpH&Sm;onf xkdtjcif;t&mudk Munfh½IrSwfom;NyD;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUonf "mwfrD;cvkwfudk &SmazGí
"mwfrD;rsm;udk zGifhNyD;vQif wkduf\ 'kwd,xyfokdU wufrnfjyKMu&m ykvdyfom; armifcspfudkrl wkdufa&SUwHcg;teD;rS
tapmifhxm;cJhav\/ 'kwd,xyfokdU a&mufaomtcg tdrfaxmifrIypönf;wkdUrSm OpömaMu;aiG ckdifvHkolwkdU\
xHk;pHtwkdif; tawmftwef oyf&yfaumif;rGefpGm &Sdav&m xkdtxyfü tdyfcef;ESpfcef; &Sdav\/ tcef;rsm;udk zGifhí
Munfhaomtcg ckwifarGU&m ponfwkdUjzifh aumif;pGmjyifqifí &Sdaomfvnf; tdyf&macgif;tHk; ponfwkdUr&Sdojzifh
vlraeonfhtjzpfudk od&Sd&av\/
xkdrSwpfzef uRefawmfwkdUonf wwd,xyfokdU wufMujyef&m xkdtxyfüum; tdyfcef;wpfcef;omvQif &Sdí
tdrfaxmifypönf;wkdUrSmrl 'kwd,txyf xufyif aumif;rGefcrf;em;pGm&Sdonfudk awGUjrifMu&av\/ armifpH&Sm;onf
tcef;jyifü ESHYpyfatmifMunfhNyD;aemuf a&SUqHk;rS oGm;í tcef;wHcg; zGifhNyD;vQif 0ifrnfjyKojzifh uRefawmfwkdUonf
aemufrS0ifí vkdufMurnf tjyKwGifarmifpH&Sm;onf aemufokdU ½kwfw&uf wGefUqkwfvkdufav\/ xkdokdUjyKpOf
uRefawmfwkdUonf ¤if;\ykcHk;ay:rS ausmfí Munfhvkduf&m ckwifay:wGif rdef;rwpfa,mufonf tdyfaysmfaebd
ouJhokdU &Sdonfudk awGUjrif &av\/
xkdUaemufrS uRefawmfwkdUtm;vHk;onftoHay;ítcef;wGif;okdU0ifMu&mrdef;ronfrvIyfr&Sm;&SdaeojzifharmifpH&Sm;onf
teD;okdU csOf;uyfum iHkUí aocsmpGmMunfhNyD;rS OD;acgif;udk &rf;vsuf vufudk prf;oyfMunfh½IonfwGif touf
ukefqHk;NyD; jzpfaom tavmif;rQ jzpfaMumif; od&Sd&av\/
¤if;rdef;rrSm toufoHk;q,fausmf t&G,fcefU&Sdí t½kyft&nfrSm tawmftwefyif acsmarmvSyav&m
a&Tvufywfem&D? ZmabmfvDvnf[kduf &Sefom;tusÐyg;? yGifhxkd; zJvHkcsnfrSpí 0wfyHkpm;yHk vdrf;yHkwkdUrSm t*Fvdyf
ausmif;xGuf jzpf[ef oP²mef wlay\/
wpfudk,fvHk;ürl 'Pf&mvnf;r&Sd? aoG;oHxGufjcif;vnf; r&Sdjzpfav&m vnfyif;üomvQif ndKrnf;aom t&mwpfck
&Sdonfjzpfí vufjzifh wpfpHkwpfa,mufaom olu vnfyif;udk ñSpfowfjcif; jzpfaMumif; xif&Sm;ay\/ ckwifteD;
ürl jywif;aygufwpfzufonf yGifhvsuf&Sd&m armifpH&Sm;onf jywif;aygufokdU oGm;í taygufrS atmufodkU arQmfí
Munfhav\/
az/ /]b,fhES,fvJ q&m ? wpftdrfxJrSm wpfnxJ wpfavmif;ru ESpfavmif;jyL; awGUaeygNyDaum q&m}
&S m;/ /]usKyf 0ifMunfhzkdU BuHpnfwkef;u onfavmufawmif...}
xkdcPü wkdufatmufxyfrS ykvdyfom;armifcspf\ toHjzifh atmfoHMum;NyD;aemuf c&mrIwfoHrsm;udk ½kwfw&uf
Mum;&onfESifh uRefawmfwkdUonf atmufxyfokdU ajy;vGTm;ckefaygufí qif;cJhMu&m armifcspfrSm rsufESmudk
vufESpfzufESifh tkyfvsuf
]atmifr,fav;As? vkyfMuygOD;As? pyfvSacs&JUAs} [k atmf[pfum &Sdaeonfudk awGUMu&av\/
&S m;/ /]bmjzpfwmvJuGJU armifcspf}

cspf/ /]i½kwfaumif;rIefU q&ma&U? i½kwfaumif;rIefU}
,if;odkUajymonfhtwkdif; uRefawmfwdkU\ ESm0ü i½kwfaumif;rIefUwkdU\ teHUonf waxmif;axmif; wkd;í 0ifav\/
az/ /]a[hvl bmjzpfwmvJuGJU ? ajymprf;ygOD;}

cspf/ /(rsufpdrsm;udk vufudkifyk0gESihf yGwf&if;) ]onfvkdyg q&m? uRefawmfu cyf&GUH&GHUESifh tavmif;em;rSm xkdifNyD;
apmifhae&if; avScg;u ajcoHvkdvkd Mum;wmESifh armhMunfhvkdufawmh rdef;rwpfa,muf apmifudk acgif;NrD;NcHKNyD;
avScg;u qif;vmwmudk jrif&wmudk; q&m? onfawmh uRefawmfuvnf; avSum;ay:ajy;wufNyD; rdatmifzrf;awmh
½kwfceJ vSnfhwJhNyD; uRefawmfhrsufpdukd i½kwfaumif;rIefUawGESifh qkyfyufyga&m cifAsm? uRefawmfhrSm rsufpdxJvJ 0if?
ESmacgif;xJvJ vHk;NyD; 0ifavawmh b,fhES,frS rwwfEkdifbJ rsufESmudk vuf0g;ESifh tkyfxm;&wkef; NAHK;qkd uRefawmfh
eHab;u ajy;qif;NyD; wkdufa&SUwHcg;u xGufajy;yga&m q&m? uRefawmfvJ rjrifruef;ESihf avSum;u qif;NyD;
vkdufvkdU rrDwmESifh q&mwkdU Mum;atmif atmf[pfNyD; c&mudkom rIwf&ygawmhw,f q&m}
&S m;/ /]rdef;rrsufESmudk rif;rjrifvkduf&bl;aygh}
cspf/ /]acgif;NrD;NcHKxm;vkdU rjrif&bl;q&m}
&S m;/ /]w,fawmh rBuD;ao;bl;aygh}
cspf/ /][kwfuJh ayghyg;vsifjrefyHkESifh ajc[efvuf[ef tuJcwfNyD; Munfh&awmh cyfi,fi,f t&G,fyJvkdU rSwfw,f
q&m}
&S m;/ /]b,folwJh [kdrdef;uav;? tJ rapmjrrsm; jzpfcsif&if jzpfEkdifavmufw,f qkdygawmh}
cspf/ /(wpfcPrQ pOf;pm;NyD;aemuf) ]jzpfr,fqkd&ifvJ jzpfEkdifavmuffygw,f q&m}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUonf wuúpD wpfpD;udk ac:í tavmif;rsm;udkaq;½HkBuD;odkU ydkUvkdufMuav\/ aq;½HkrS
jyefvmMuNyD;aemuf armiftkef;azrSm eHeufvif;rS vmOD;rnf[k ajymí jyefoGm;&m uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdUrSm
tdrfokdU a&mufaomtcg nOfUem&DjyefESpfcsufxdk;NyD;aomfvnf; armifpH&Sm;rSm tdyfcsifao;onfh vu©Pmr&SdbJ
tavmif;\ tusÐtdwfrS awGUcJhaom 'l;*Pef; aMu;*Pef; toGif tu©&mrsm; yg&Sdaom pm&Gufudk xkwfí
pOf;pm;qifjcifvsuf &Sdaeav\/
uRefawmfrSmvnf; ¤if;\ teD;rS xkdifí pm&Gufudk Munfhrd&m iSuf½kyfuav;rsm;? acG;½kyfuav;rsm;ESifh
oP²mefwlaom tu©&mrsm;? pwk&ef;yHkuav;rsm;? oHk;axmifhyHkuav;rsm; tp&SdonfwkdUESifh jynfhESufvsuf&SdaMumif;
awGUjrif&av\/
&S m;/ /]udkodef;armif? cifAsm; 'Dpm&Guf b,fhES,fxifovJ}
uRefawmf/ /]vQdKU0SufvkdwJh oabmESifha&;NyD; wpfOD;u wpfOD;udk ay;wJh pmESifhwlw,fAsm}
&S m;/ /]usKyfvJ onftwkdif;yJ xifw,f? okdUaomf vQdKU0Sufpma&;enf;aygif; 124 enf;&SdwJhteufu b,fenf;xJu
jzpfrvJ Munfh&atmifAsm? <uufavQmufay:u om;a&zHk;ESifh pmtkyfxlxl[m vSrf;vdkufprf;Asm}
uRefawmf vSrf;,lí ay;aom pmtkyfudk zGifhí armifpH&Sm;onf twefMumatmif &SmazGMunfh½INyD;aemuf
&S m;/ /]Munfhprf;AsdKU udkodef;armif? a[m'Du eHygwf 79 u tu©&mrsm;ESifh rwlbl;vm;}
uRefawmf/ /]wlw,fAsdKU}
&S m;/ /]wlqkd bmajymp&m &SdovJ? onftwkdif;yJAsdKU ? aeOD;? zwfMunfhprf;Mu&atmif rSef;prf;? aMomf a[m'DrSm ?
we*FaEGaeU rodef;wif a&mufvdrfhrnf? ae&musatmif pDrHvkdufyg qkdyguvm;As}
a&TOa'gif;
uRefawmf/ /][kwfNyDAsdKU [kwfNyD? onfuaeU wevFmaeUzuful;NyD? we*FaEGaeU qkdawmh raeUuyJ}

&S m;/ /]raeUu rodef;wif a&mufwmaygh [kwfp? udkif; okdUaomf onftrIrSm usKyfwkdU pOf;pm;zkdU&Sdwmu
rkdufpkd;jynfu r[m&mZm apmfbGm;BuD;\ jrBuD;wpfvHk;udk ¤if;wkdufa&SUrSm awGUjcif;[m wpfckESifh wpfck
qufoG,fjcif; &Sdovm;? okdUwnf;r[kwf qufoG,fjcif; r&SdbJ uHtm;avsmfpGm wpfjydKifwnf; awGUjcif;yJvm;
pOf;pm;zkdU&Sdw,f? tu,fí qufoG,fjcif; r&Sdbl; qkd&if jrrIu wpfrI? vlowfrIu wpfrI jzpfr,f [kwfp? tu,fí
jrrIESifh vlowfrI[m qufoG,fjcif; &Sdw,fvkdU qkdcJh&if ¤if;jr twGufESifh rdef;rwpfa,mufESifh
a,musfm;wpfa,mufudk wpfpHkwpfa,mufaom olu owfjzwfjcif; jzpf&r,f? owfaomol[m ykvdyfom; armifcspf
jrifvkduf&aom rdef;rjzpfEkdifovm;wJh? pOf;pm;Munfhprf;? OD;oufxGef; aemufqufrSm&SdwJh 'Pf&mudkjzpfap?
ckwifay:rSm awGUwJh rdef;raoyHkudk jzpfap? pOf;pm;NyD;MunfhcJhvkdU&Sd&if owfol[m {uEÅ rdef;r r[kwfEkdifbl;As?
cGeftm;AvESifh awmfawmfjynfhpHkwJh a,mufsm;jzpf&r,f? ¤if;a,mufsm;ESifh armifcspf jrifvdkufw,f qkdwJh rdef;rESifhvJ
wpfenf;enf;tm;jzifh qufoG,fjcif; &Sdw,fvkdU ,lq&r,f r[kwfvm;Asm}
uRefawmf/ /],lqoifhygw,f}
&S m;/ /]NyD;awmhum wkduf&Sif OD;wkd;uav;uvJ ausmufukefonf jzpfjyefawmh usKyfawG;&yHkjzifh ¤if;jrESifh vlowfrI
awG[m qufoG,fjcif; &Sdw,fvkdU usKyfxifw,f? okdUaomf OD;wkd;uav;[m b,fvkdvljzpfw,f? onftrIrSm ol
tygt0if jzpfrjzpfudk usKyfwkdU pHkaxmufzkdU&Sdw,f r[kwfvm;Asm}
uRefawmf/ /]rSefygw,f}
&S m;/ /]NyD;awmh we*FaEGaeUudk rodef;wif a&mufvmr,fvkdU pmxJrSm ygw,f r[kwfbl;vm;? rodef;wifqkdwm
usKyfawG;yHkawmh aowJh rdef;r[myJ xifw,f? okdUaomf rodef;wifudk OD;oufxGef;u pDrHvkdufovm; odkUr[kwf?
olwkdUESpfa,mufvHk;udkyJ onfhjyifwpfa,mufa,mufu pDrHvkdufovm;awmh trSefrajymEkdifbl;? ukdif; okdUaomf?
nOfUvJ awmfawmfeufoGm;NyDAsm? eufjzefrSyJ qufvufNyD; pOf;pm;MuOD;pkdU}
aemufwpfaeU eHeufü uRefawmfrSm nOfUtcgu ttdyfysufonf jzpfaomaMumihf tdyf&mrS eHeufudk;em&D xkd;vkeD;rS
xvmcJhav&m armifpH&Sm;rSm b,ftcsdefuxíoGm;onfrod/ tdrfür&Sdawmhacs/ twefMumumvrS armifpH&Sm;onf
armiftkef;azESifhtwl wkdufay: okdU wufvmMuí
uRefawmf/ /]apmapmpD;pD; b,frsm;a&mufcJhMuNyDvJAsm}
&S m;/ /]ESHUaeNyDaumAsm? aMu;eef;½Hk;aum ? ykvdyfXmea&m pHkvkdUyJAsdKU}
uRefawmf/ /]bmrsm; taMumif;xl;Muao;vJAsm}
&S m;/ /]OD;wkd;uav; rEÅav; oGm;w,fqkdvdkU aMu;eef;½kdufNyD;ar;wm &efukefjyefvmNyD qkduyJ? ,ck olUwkdufrSm
raebl;? &GdKif&,f [kdw,frSm wnf;aeowJh}
uRefawmf/ /]tvJh awmfawmfxl;qef;ygvm;}
&S m;/ /]xl;qef;qkd bmajymp&m &SdovJ? OD;wkd;uav;ESifh awGUzkdUu tyHkBuD; ta&;BuD;aew,f? xrif;pm;NyD;&if
olESifh awGU&atmif [kdw,fukd oGm;Mu&vdrfhr,f? raeUu jr[m b,frSm odrf;xm;ovJ ukdtkef;az}
az/ /]Xmemu rD;cHaowåmxJrSm xnfhxm;ygw,f q&m}
&S m;/ /]aool[m b,folvJvkdU od&NyDvm;}
az/ /]q&mxifwJhtwkdif;ygyJ rodef;wifygwJh? vdrfvnfrIESifh wpfBudrf? jzm;a,mif;aoG;aqmifrIESifh wpfBudrf?
axmifudk ESpfBudrfuszl;vkdU olU"mwfyHk[m ykvdyfzkdifwGJrSm &Sdygw,f q&m? raocifu ykvdyfrsm;udkawmh awmfawmf
taESmifht,Sufay;wJh rdef;ryJ q&m? tifrwefvJ vnfywfw,f? onfwpfcgrS ZufjyKwf&Smayawmhw,f q&m}
eHeufpm pm;aomufí NyD;MuvQif uRefawmfwkdUonf &GdKif&,f[kdw,fodkU oGm;a&mufMuí refae*smESifh awGUqHkMu&m

refae*smu OD;wkd;uav;trnf&Sdaom vlwpfa,mufonf ,refaeUuyifa&mufvmí 'kwd,xyf tcef;eHygwf 5 ü
wnf;cdkvsuf &SdaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdav\/ xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;u ¤if;ESifh awGUvkdaMumif; ajymjyonfhtcg
refae*smonf bdGKifukvm;wpfa,mufudk ac:í ¤if;\ tcef;odkU uRefawmfwkdUtm; vkdufíydkU&ef xnfhvkdufav\/
uRefawmfwkdUonf tcef;eHygwf 5 okdU a&mufaomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf wHcg;udk acgufí oHk;BudrfrQ
ac:iifygaomfvnf; rnfol wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ xl;oHrMum;onfESifh wHcg;udk wGef;í Munfh&m wHcg;rSm twGif;rS
aomhcwfí xm;av\/ xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;u bdGKifukvm;tm; aomhwpfacsmif;oGm;a&muf,lapcJhNyD;vQif
armifpH&Sm;onf wHcg;udk aomhESifhzGifhí a&SUqHk;rS 0ifoGm;ojzifh uRefawmfwkdUonf ¤if;\ aemufrS tcef;wGif;odkU
0ifrdMuonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf vlwpfa,mufonf vufqGJom;a&tdwfwpfckay:ü 0rf;vsm;arSmufum
vJvsuf&Sdonfudk awGUjrifMu&av\/ armiftkef;azvnf; oGufvufaom vlwpfa,muf jzpfonftwkdif; xkdvludk
yufvufvSefí MunfhonfwGif &if0ü "m;ajr§mif'Pf&m wpfckESifh aoqHk;vsuf &SdaMumif; awGUjrifMu&av\/
az/ /]b,fhES,fvJ q&m? wpfavmif;NyD; wpfavmif; awGU&if; tavmif;awG awGUvkdUyJ rqHk;Ekdifyguvm; q&m}
&S m;/ /]avmbom;awGudk; udktkef;az? wpfa,mufvufu wpfa,mufvkwmESifh oHk;a,mufawmif ao&SmMuNyDaum}
az/ /]bmudkvkMuwmvJ q&m}
&S m;/ /]armifcspfawGUwJh jrudk vkMuwmayghAs? jrujzifh usKyfwkdU vufudk a&mufaeNyD? olwkdUu rod&SmvkdU
wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf
owfMuwkef;yJ &Sdao;w,f? onfwpfcgjzifh vrf;qHk;NyD xifyg&JUAsm}
az/ /]'gjzifh vufonf ray:awmhbl;vm; q&m}
&S m;/ /]b,fhES,fray:&rSmvJAs}
az/ /]b,folvJ q&m}
&S m;/ /]OD;rif;[ef vufcsufayghAs}
OD;rif;[efqkdolrSm bk&m;vlBuD;a,mifa,mif? ausmif;wuma,mifa,mif? *kPftoa&&Sd vlBuD;vlaumif;wpfa,muf
uJhodkU aexkdifvsuf &efukefNrdKUay:ü tBuD;tus,f wkdufcdkufvk,ufavorQrSm ¤if;\ pDrHcsufcsnf;omvQif jzpfav
&m armifpH&Sm;onf ¤if;pDrHaom trIrsm;udk ESpfBudrfoHk;BudrfrQ pHkaxmufí &zl;aomfvnf; i,fom;rsm;udkomvQif
zrf;rdí q&mBuD;jzpfol OD;rif;[efudkrl vufyl;vufMuyfrdcJhzl;onf r&Sdacs/
az/ /][kwfyghrvm; q&m}
&S m;/ /][kwfygw,fAs? rvGJygbl;? 'Dvlu pdefaumif;ausmufaumif; ywåjrm;aumif; qkdvQif wpfenf;enf;ESifh
olUvufudk ra&mufa&mufatmif BuHpnfwJh vlwpfa,mufyJ? r[m&mZmapmfbGm;BuD;vuf uawmh ukvm;awG
ckd;cJhwmESifhwl&JU? cdk;NyD; jrefrmjynfudk xkwfvmcJhawmh olwkdUvlpku ukvm;awGvufu &atmif xkwfwmESifhwlw,f?
okdUaomf tcsdefvifhaeawmhr,f? cifAsm;tavmif;ESifh cifAsm; ae&pfayOD;awmh udktkef;az? usKyfwkdUawmh
OD;rif;[efaemufudk vkdufOD;r,f}
armiftkef;azudk [kdw,fü xm;cJhMuNyD;aemuf uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdUonf [kdw,frS qif;vmcJhMuí
vrf;c&D;wGif armifpH&Sm;onf uRefawmfhtm; tdrfodkU jyefoGm;ESifhí ¤if;tm; apmifhqkdif;ae&ef rSmxm;NyD;vQif
xGufoGm;av\/
a&TOa'gif;
uRefawmfwkdUonf tdrfokdUjyefoGm;NyD;aemuf trItaMumif;ESihf ywfoufí pOf;pm;&if; armifpH&Sm;tm; apmihfpm;vsuf

&Sdae&m naewkdifa&mufaomfvnf; armifpH&Sm; rvmra&mufao;bJ &Sdaeav\/ n 8 em&D xkd;umeD;rS wkdufa&SUwGif
um;wpfpD; qkdufa&mufvmNyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf wkdufay: odkU wufvm&m
uRefawmf/ /]b,fhES,fvJ Mumvkdufav q&mBuD;&,f}
&S m;/ /]OD;rif;[ef taMumif; pHkaxmuf&wm onfavmufESifh jyefvm&if jrefw,fvkdU rSwfyg q&ma&U? udkif;vmAsm?
udkodef;armif ? vkdufr,f r[kwfvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]vkdufrSmygAsm b,fudkvJ}
&S m;/ /]awmfawmfa0;a0; armfawmfum; pD;&vdrfhr,f? tat;rrdcsif&if cyfxlxl t0wfuav;rsm; 0wfcJhayawmh}
uRefawmfonf armifpH&Sm;ESifh twl wkdufay:rS qif;í vmaom tcg um;ay:rS vlwpfa,muf apmifhqkdif;vsuf &Sd&m
uRefawmfwkdUonf um;ay: okdU wufMuNyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;udk,fwkdif um;udk armif;ESifav\/ armifpH&Sm;onf
vlol½IyfaxG;aom NrdKUxJvrf;rsm;ay:ü um;udk cyfajz;ajz; armif;ESifí NrdKUwGif;rS xGufí jynfvrf;rBuD;ay: odkU
a&mufaomtcgürl wpffem&DvQif rkdif 40 ausmf c&D;rQ aygufa&mufatmif pufudk zGifhí ay;av\/ csrf;at;aom
&moDjzpfí um;rSmvnf; tvGefvsifjrefpGm armif;ESifavvQif avjyif;rkefwkdif; wkdufcwfbdouJhodkU w0D0Djrnfatmif
wkd;í wkd;í ajy;av&um; uRefawmfhrSm udk,fvJat; tonf;vJat;vSojzifh wpfaxmifhü ukwfí vkdufygcJhav\/
,if;uJhokdU vsifjrefpGm oGm;onfudk pdwfrauseyfao;onfh vu©PmESifh armifpH&Sm;onf wpfem&DvQif rkdif 50 ausmf
60 cefU wkdifatmif armif;ESifjyef&m uRefawmfrSm rsufpdudk pHkrSdwfí vkduf&awmhbeef; &SdaecJhav\/
wpfem&DcefUrQ armif;ESifrdavvQif uRefawmfwkdUESifh twlygvmolu pufudk avQmh&ef tcsufay;onfwGif armifpH&Sm;
vnf; pufudk avQmhí vufsmbufodkU csdK;oGm;aom vrf;i,fwpfckudk vkdufoGm;av\/ tenf;i,f oGm;rdaomtcg
armfawmfum;udk &yfwefUxm;NyD;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUonf um;ay:rS qif;oufMuí ajcvsif qufvuf avQmufoGm;
Mu&av\/ twefi,foGm;rdaomtcg a&SUrS rD;a&mifwpfckudk jrifMu&av&m uRefawmfwkdUonf rD;a&mif&Sd&mqDokdU
wjznf;jznf; ajcoHrMum;&atmif oGm;vsuf&SdMuonfhtwGif; xkdt&yfrS rdef;rwpfa,muf\ toHjzifh
u,fawmfrlMuyg&SifwkdU [k i,foHygatmif ½kwfw&uf [pfatmfvkdufav&um; tvGefw&m vlajcwdwfqdwfaom
t&yfa'ojzpfí aMumuf&GUHwkefvIyfzG,f aumif;vSay\/
armifpH&Sm;rSmrl ,cifu vQdKU0SufpGm oGm;avorQ xkdatmfoHudk Mum;&aom tcgüum; toHMum;&m t&yfodkU
oGm;av\/ t[kefjzifh wpfcgwnf; ajy;av&m uRefawmfwkdUrSm aemufrS vkdufí ajy;Muav\/
twefi,fajy;rdavvQif ,cifu toHonf xyfavmif;í jyif;jypGmatmf[pfjyef&m uRefawmfwkdUonf tdrfysufBuD;
wpfaqmifokdU a&muf&Sdí armifpH&Sm;onf ydwfíxm;aom a&SUwHcg;udk twif;0ifí udk,fapmif;wkdufav\/
wHcg;onfvnf; aqG;ajrUonfjzpfí wpfBudrfwnf;ESifh usdK;yJhí yGifhoGm;av&m armifpH&Sm;rSm ½kwfw&uf r[efEkdifbJ
vJawmhrnfuJhodkU &SdqJwGif uRefawmfonf¤if;\ OD;acgif;ay:rS ausmfí jrifrdonfrSm ukvm;xkdifwpfckay:ü
rdef;rwpfa,mufonf aumhíaeatmif Muyfwnf;pGm vufjyefBudK; csnfaESmifvsuf teD;üum; vlwpfa,mufonf
uRefawmfwkdU&Sd&mokdU ausmckdif;í vufwpfbufrS aq;ykvif;ESifh wlaom ykvif;i,fwpfckudk ukdifNyD;vQif ]ajymaemf
rajym&if..} [k ajymqJwGif uRefawmfwkdU\ toHudk Mum;ojzifh ½kwfw&ufvSnfhí Munfhvkdufav\/
xkdolrSmum; tjcm;r[kwf? OD;rif;[efyif jzpfavonf/ OD;rif;[efonfuRefawmfwkdUudk jrifvQif vufrS ykvif;wGif;&Sd

t&nfudk a&SUqHk;rS &Sdaeaom armifpH&Sm;\ rsufESmokdU yufavmif;vkduf&m armifpH&Sm;onf OD;acgif;udk
iHkUay;vkdufojzifh ykvif;rS t&nfonf uRefawmf\ eHab;ü &Sdaomvl vnfyif;ESifh ar;pdwkdUudk xdoGm;í
tr,fav;As? ylvScsnf&JU [k atmf[pfum vufjzifh zHk;tkyfvsuf&Sdav\/ aemufwpfcPüum; OD;rif;[efESifh
armifpH&Sm;wkdUonf wpfa,mufESifh wpfa,muf zspfñSpfum axG;vHk;owfykwfvsuf &SdMuav\/
uRefawmfwkdUESifh vkdufygvmolrSmrl aq;&nfyufrdaom 'Pf&maMumifh tvGefylpyfvSojzifh vufjzifh tkyfum

raeombJ atmf[pfnnf;nLvsuf&Sd&m uRefawmfrSm armifpH&Sm;\ tpGrf;owådudk odNyD;jzpfí ulnDjcif; rjyKbJ
ukvm;xkdifay:ü csnfaESmifxm;aom rdef;uav;udkomvQif taESmiftzGJUrS vGwfatmif ajzvsuf&SdcJhav\/
OD;rif;[efrSm armifpH&Sm;xuf touftawmftwef BuD;&ifhNyD jzpfaomfvnf; wkwfckdifawmifhwif;aom udk,fum,
&Sdonfhjyif a&S;tcgu vufa0SUorm;vnf; vkyfzl;onf jzpfí armifpH&Sm;rSm uRefawmfxifoavmuf vG,fulpGm
rEkdifeif;bJ olwpfjyef igwpfjyef Murf;ay:ü vl;vSdrfhzufwGJum &SdaeMu&m wpfBudrfaom cPü OD;rif;[efonf
txufrS pD;NyD;vQif armifpH&Sm;\ vnfyif;udk ñSpfvsuf vufoD;ESihf rsufESmudk xkd;awmhrnfjyKqJwGif rsufESmudk
aq;&nfESifh yufjcif;cH&aomolonf rcHr&yfEkdifatmif ylavmifpyf&Sdef;onfhtwGuf trsufBuD;pGm xGufonfh
vu©PmESifh rdrdü yg&Sdaom ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewfESifh ESpfOD;vHk;axG;vsuf&Sd&mokdU ajy;0ifí erl;&SL;xkd; a&mf&rf;
ypfcwfvkduf&m uHtm;avsmfpGmESifh armifpH&Sm;udk rxdbJ OD;rif;[efqkdol\ &if0udkxdrSefojzifh Murf;ay:okdU
vdrfhoGm;av\/ ,if;odkU &SdvsufESifhyif xkdolonf aoewfESifh qufvuf ypfcwfvsuf &Sd&m uRefawmfESifh
armifpH&Sm;wkdUu vufudk twif;qGJiifí aoewfudk vk,lMu&av\/ OD;rif;[efrSmrlum; &if0wGif vSvSBuD;
xdrSefrdojzifh Murf;ay:ü vIyf&Sm;jcif; r&Sdawmhacs/
¤if;\ &SyftusÐ twGif;üum; armifpH&Sm;onf om;a&tdwfi,fwpfckudk awGU&Sd&m ¤if;udk zGifhvkdufaomtcg
ykvdyfom; armifcspf awGUcJhaom jrBuD;ESifh tvHk;wl ta&wljzpfaom jrBuD;wpfvHk;udk awGU&Sd&av\/
uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdUonf armfawmfum;ESifh &efukefodkU jyefa&mufMuaomtcg tifpydwfawmfarmiftkef;azESifh
ykvdyfom; armifcspfwkdUa&mufvmí armifpH&Sm;u &Sif;vif; ajymjyonfrSm
&S m;/ /]onfvkdukd;As udktkef;az&JU? OD;wkd;uav; wkdufa&SUrSm armifcspfu jrBuD;udk awGUw,fqkduwnf;u usKyfu
r[m&mZmapmfbGm;BuD;xHu usKyfwwfEkdiforQ jrBuD;ESpfvHk;udk jyef&atmif BudK;pm;NyD; &SmazGzkdU taMumif;Mum;pm
&NyD;jzpfjyef? jrBuD;uvJ pmrSmygonfhtwkdif; t&G,fcsif;wljyef? OD;wkd;uav;uvJ ausmufukefonfjzpfjyef?
onfawmhum r[m&mZmapmfbGm;BuD;ESifh OD;wkd;uav;ESifh onfjrBuD;ESifh[m qufoG,fjcif;&Sdw,fvkdU usKyfawG;rd
w,f? tJh'gaMumifh usKyfu OD;wkd;uav; wkdufxJudk 0ifNyD;&Smcsifw,fvkdU usKyfajymw,f r[kwfvm;? okdUaomf
&SmpOftcguawmh tavmif;awGudk usKyfawGUvdrfhr,fvkdU arQmfvifhrxm;rdbl;ayghav? onfaemuf 0ifNyD;&Smawmh
tavmif;ESpfavmif;udkawGU? awGUNyD;wpfcg OD;wkd;uav; &Sdr&Sd rEÅav;udk oHBudK;½kdufNyD; ar;jyefawmh OD;wkd;uav;
wpfa,mufwnf; &efukefjyefvm? [kdw,frSm wdwfwqdwf wnf;ckdNyD;ae? olUawGUatmif wpfcgoGm;? oGm;awmh
olUudkrawGU? tavmif;udkom awGUvkduf&awmhw,f r[kwfvm;? rlvuawmh usKyfu onftrIrSm OD;wkd;uav;[m
vlBuD;yJvkdU xifrdw,f? tavmif;udk awGUjyefawmhrS olUxuftBuD;tuJ &Sdao;w,fvkdU od&jyefwmudk? onfvl[m
b,folvJ qkdawmh OD;rif;[efqkdwm wpfcgwnf; jzpfay:NyD; vmcJhw,f}
az/ /]aeygOD; q&m? rodef;wifu b,fhES,f0ifygNyD; aoae&ovJ q&m}
&S m;/ /]onfvkdAs? rodef;wifu cifAsm;ajymwJh twkdif; cyf½Iwf½Iwf rdef;r jzpfavawmh OD;rif;[efESifh wpfae&m&mrSm
awGUMuNyD; OD;rif;[efu ae&musatmif Munfh½INyD; ckdif;apxm;[efwlw,f? vu©Pmu onfvkdAs? OD;wkd;uav;ESifh
rodef;wifESifh yl;aygif;NyD; jrBuD;ESpfvHk;udk OD;rif;[efvufa&mufatmif BuHaqmifNyD;ay;MuzkdU? okdUaomf wpfvHk;om
a&mufao;w,f? wpfvHk;u ra&mufao;bl;? rodef;wifESifh OD;wkd;uav;vufrSmyJ &Sdao;w,f? olwkdUESpfa,mufu
ygwem qkdygawmh Asm? awmfawmfMumawmh wpfcg olwkdUcsif; ta0rnDMujyefbl;? rodef;wifu wpfcg
OD;wkd;uav;&JU tapcHESifh yl;aygif;NyD; ÓPfwpfrsdK; qifMujyefwmudk;? OD;wkd;uav;u onftBuHudk &dyfrda&m?
&dyfrdawmh rodef;wifudk wkdufrSmcsdef;? xrif;auR;? wkdufxJudk vlrodatmif wdwfwdwfuav;0if?
xrif;pm;Muwkef;rSm jrBuD;ESifh ywfoufNyD; pum;rsm;? pm;NyD;&mu wpfcg wkdufay:wufNyD; pum;rsm;Mujyef?
OD;wkd;uav;u twif;vk? rodef;wifuvJ twif;½kef;? ½kef;vkdU rvGwfrnfxifawmh jywif;aygufu jrBuD;udk
a&TOa'gif;
vTifhypfvkduf? vTifhypfaMumif; OD;wkd;uav;u rodavawmh twif;vk&muaeNyD; vnfyif;udkñSpf? ñSpf&if;ESifh

rodef;wifao? jrBuD;udk &SmvkdUrawGU? wkdufatmufqif;vm? tapcHESifhawGU? awGUawmh olyJ ,lxm;w,f xifNyD;
qif;wkawmfESifh udkif½kduf? tapcHao? tapcH rapmjr wpfa,mufudkvJ owfOD;r,fvkdU vkduf&Sm? &SmayrJh rapmjru
AD½kdBuD; wpfckxJrSm 0ifNyD;ykef;ae? i½kwfaumif;rIefU wpfxkyfudkawGU? wu,fvkdU AD½kdudk zGifhcJhvkdU&Sd&ifvJ
i½kwfaumif;rIefUESifh rsufESmudk yufr,fvkdU BuHpnfxm;? OD;wkd;uav;u rapmjr &SmrawGUvkdU wkdufatmufqif;?
wkdufjyifxGuf? aomhcyfNyD;xm;cJh? usKyfwkdUu a&mufoGm;? usKyfwkdUu tcef;awG arTaESmufNyD; &Smwkef;
rapmjrwkdufay:u qif;vm? armifcspfu zrf;awmhr,fvkyf? olU&nf;pm;jzpfae? tvGeftHhMovsuf &nf;pm;jzpfayrJh
0wå&m;rkdU raeombl;qkdNyD; zrf;r,fvkyfawmh rapmjru i½kyfaumif;rIefUESifh rsufESmudk yufNyD; xGufajy;? usKyfwkdU
qif;vmawmhvJ armifcspfu olU&nff;pm;rkdUvkdU rapmjr&,fvkdU twdtvif; xkwfNyD;rajym? rdef;rwpfa,mufvkdUom
ajyma&m ? [kwfuJh r[kwfvm; armifcspf}
cspf/ /]rSefygw,f q&m cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]rapmjru wkdufxJu xGufajy;awmh OD;rif;[efuvJ olUvlpkESifh OD;wkd;uav;wkdUudk r,HkMunfvkdU apmifhNyD;
aeqJ awGUvkdU jrBuD;ygw,f rSwfNyD; zrf;oGm;? r&&atmif ppfaq;NyD; wjcm;rSm 0Sufxm;? usKyfu
OD;rif;[efvufcsufyJvkdU rouFmavawmh olb,frSm &Sdw,fqkdwm wdwfwqdwfpHkaxmuf? ol&Sd&modwJh OD;rif;[ef&JU
&efolwpfa,mufudk aiG 500d usKyfuay;NyD; vkdufckdif;? usKyf ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewf olUudktyf? armfawmfum;ESifhvkduf?
[kda&mufawmh OD;rif;[efu rapmjrudk ajcmufvSefUNyD; ppfaq;aeckdufESifhawGU? twif;0ifzrf;? usKyfudk AsDwa&m
ac:wJh aq;&nfeJUyuf? usKyfvlxd? awmfawmfMumawmh usKyfvlu OD;rif;[efudk aoewfESifhypf? OD;rif;[efawmh
aor,f raor,f rqkdEkdifbl;? aq;½HkydkUvkduf&av&JUAsm}
az/ /]jrwpfvHk;a&m q&m}
&S m;/ /]jrwpfvHk;awmh OD;rif;[ef vufrSm usKyfawGUwmaygh? onf[muawmh usKyf ukefxm;wJh
p&dwfuav;aMuatmif[m apmfbGm;BuD;xHu usKyfu qkaiGxkwf,l&vdrfhr,f? onfhjyif wpfvHk;twGufawmh
armifcspfu qkaiG&vdrfhr,f}
az/ /]q&mu onftaMumif;awG b,fhES,fvkyfNyD; odovJ}
&S m;/ /]rsufjrif'dX odwJhvlu usKyfudk ajymvkdUayghAs? rapmjra& xGufcJhyguG,f}
xkdcPü armifpH&Sm; 0Sufí xm;aom tapcHruav; rapmjronf tcef;wGif;rS xGufvm&m
&S m;/ /]udkif; udkif; onfjrrIESifh ywfoufNyD; 'ku© a&muf&&Smw,f? armifcspfrSmawmh qkaiG&&JU? onfawmh rapmjru
'ku© a&muf&w,fvkdU ratmufarhESifhawmhuG,f? onfuaeUupNyD; touf 120 ausmfonfwkdifatmif wpfOD;ESifh
wpfOD; cspfcspfcifcif MuifMuifemem oifhoifhjrwfjrwf aygif;oif;qufqH Mu&ygapAsm;}
NyD;ygNyD/
______
20/ rkd;ukwftarGtrIü armifpH&Sm; pHkaxmufyHk

wpfaeUoü armifpH&Sm;onf anmifuef&Gm "m;jyrIESifh vlowfrIrsm;twGuf tvGefw&m tvkyf½Iyfvsuf&SdaepOf
touf 23 ESpfcefU&Sdí zsyfzsyfvwfvwf&Sdaom oli,frwpfa,mufonf tcef;wGif;okdU 0ifvmí
]OD;pH&Sm; &Sdyg&JUvm;&Sif}
[k ar;&m armifpH&Sm;onf vlowfrItaMumif;ESifh pOf;pm;pdwful;vsuf &SdonfjzpfaomaMumihf rdrdtvkyfvkyfaepOf
aESmifh,Sufjcif;udk rBudKufrESpfoufwwfNrJ jzpfonfhtwGuf pdwf½Iyfonfh vu©PmESifh
]&Sdawmh&Sdygw,f uav;r&,f? okdUaomfvJ trIwpfck &Sdaeao;vkdU} [k jyefajymav&m xkdrdef;uav;u armifpH&Sm;\
rsufESmudk cyfNyHK;NyHK;Munfhí
]tvkyf b,fvkd½Iyfaomfvnf; uRefru wkdifyifp&m&SdvkdU vmcJhwmrsm; tdrfay:uawmh armif;rcsaumif;bl;
xifyg&JU&Sif} [kajymonfwGif armifpH&Sm;rSm rdef;uav;\ NyHK;&TifaomrsufESmudk jrif&í pdwful;í &oGm;bdouJhodkU
NyHK;&,fNyD;vQif
]udkif; udkif; bmudpö&SdvkdUwkef; q&mr? q,frdepfavmufawmh usKyfem;axmif&rSmayghav}
oli,f r/ /]uRefru q&mrrSef; &Sifb,hfES,fvkyf odovJ}
&S m;/ /]rdef;uav; 100 t*Fvdyfpmoif&if 90 avmuf[m vufjyifeJeJ ukef;a&mAs? 95 a,mufavmufu
bkdqefqef jzpfua&m? 99 a,mufu q&mr vkyfua&mAs}
[k ajymavvQif oli,fronf &,farmí
][kwfygw,f&Sif? uRefr q&mrygyJ? uRefr tjzpftysufuav; wpfqdwfavmuf onf;cHNyD; em;axmif
apcsifygw,f&Sif}
&S m;/ /]ajymygAsm ajymyg? q,frdepfaemf}
oli,f r/ /]aumif;vSygNyD&Sif? uRefru rkqkd;rorD;yg&Sif? uRefr taz qHk;wm ig;ESpfavmuf &SdygNyD? uRefrwkdU
tazrSm nDwpfa,muf&Sdwm vGefcJhwJh 10 ESpfavmufu aysmufNyD; oGm;vkdufwm rkd;ukwfrSmvkdvkd owif;awmh
Mum;&yg&JU? okdUaomf olUqDuawmh aysmufoGm;uwnf;u pmvJray;? vlvJrvm? vlBuHKuav;rsm; awGUwJhtcgrSm
owif;uav; Mum;&&JU&Sif? tckjzifh tazqHk;NyD;uwnf;u wpfcgrS rMum;&ygbl;&Sif? onfvkdESifhaewkef;
wpfaeUoüawmh vlESpfa,muf uRefrwkdUtdrfudk ar;NyD; aygufvmMuw,f&Sifh? olwkdUu uRefrwkdU OD;av;ESifh
oli,fcsif; rdwfaqGrsm;ygwJh? tifrwef cifygw,fwJh? &efukefa&mufwJhtcg 0ifcJhygqkdvkdU 0ifcJhygw,fwJh}
&S m;/ /]onf[mu b,fawmhuvJ? b,favmufMumNyDvJ}
r/ /]ESpfvavmuf &SdygNyD&Sif}
&S m;/ /]aumif;NyD? ajymjyprf;ygOD;}
r/ /]onfvlESpfa,mufteuf wpfa,mufuawmh udktJ&DwJh? rkd;ukwf&Srf; ygyJ? vlyHku w,fBuD; t½kyfrqkd;ayrJh
vljrifjrifcsif; NyHK;pdpdvkdvkd bmvkdvkd rsufESmxm;ESifh tifrwef &GHzkdUaumif;wJh vlwpfa,mufygyJ? wpfa,mufujzifh
toufoHk;q,fausmfavmuf &SdNyD? OD;vif;wJh? oluawmhjzihf rGefrGef&nf&nf ajyajyjypfjypf pum;ajymwwfyg&JU&Sif?
[kdvluawmhjzifh touf 25 ESpfavmuf? tom;u jzLpyfpyfESifh tjrifuyfzkdUaumif;wJh vlwpfa,mufygyJ&Sif? 'gESifh
tJh'Dvl cyfBuD;BuD; OD;vif;qkdwJholu uRefrwkdUom;trdESpfa,mufrSm bdGKif;aumufawG bmawGaMumifh tvkyfr&Sd
tudkifr&SdwJhtaMumif; Mum;odavawmh olUrSm orD;uav; wpfa,muf &Sdygw,fwJh? ,ckolaeawmh orkdif;rSm acwå
wnf;ckdaeygw,fwJh? oHk;vavmufMumrS jyefygr,fwJh? onfawmhum olwkdU rkd;ukwf rjyefcif olUorD;uav;udk
a&TOa'gif;
t*Fvdyfpmuav;ESifh twGuftcsufuav;rsm; oifMum;jyo&if wpfvudk ig;q,f ay;ygr,fvkdU ajymwmudk;&Sifh?

onfawmh uRefru tarBuD;ESifh rcGJEkdifwJh taMumif;ajymawmh OD;vif;u aeawmh olUorD;uav;ESifh aeUa&m nyg
aeapcsifygw,fwJh? 7 &ufudk wpfacguf &efukefudk jyefNyD; vnfEkdifygw,fwJh ajymawmh uRefrwkdUrSmvJ
tvkyftudkifu jywfvwfwkef; jzpfavawmh aemufwpfacguf OD;vif;tvmrSm tvkyfudk vufcHNyD; olwkdUtdrfudk
uRefra&mufoGm;yga&m&Sif? a&mufoGm;awmh OD;vif;uvJ rkqkd;zdkBuD;&Sifh? olUtdrfrSmawmh xrif;csufwJh &Srf;rBuD;
wpfa,muf&,f ? awmufwkdr,f&ckdif;wJh aumifuav;wpfa,muf&,f? olUorD;uav;&,f? ol&,f 'gyJ &Sdw,f&Sifh?
onfawmh uRefra&mufoGm;NyD; wpfvausmfausmfavmufjzifh acsmacsmarmarmygyJ&Sif? bmrS ajymp&m r&Sdygaybl;?
uav;ruav;uvJ uRefrudk tifrwef cif&Smygw,f&Sif? uRefrvJ paeaeUnudk &efukef rdcifqDjyef? we*FaEGaeU
wpfaeUaeNyD; wevFmaeUreufusawmh jyefjyefvmwmudk;&Sifh}
r/ /]onfvkdESifhaewkef; wpfvausmfavmuf&SdvkdU wpfaeUoüawmh a&S;OD;pGm OD;vif;ESifh twlwlvmwJh udktJ&DqkdwJh
vlu tdrfvmNyD;vnfwmudk;&Sifh? onfvlu tdrfudk tvnfvm&ifyJ NzD;pyfpyfvkyfcsifw,f? uRefrvJ uRefrtdajEÉSifh
uRefraewmygyJ? 'gESifh wpfacgufu ESpfacguf? aemufawmh aeUwkdif;wkdif;vdkvkdvmNyD; wpfaeUawmh OD;vif;r&Sdwkef;
oluuRefrudkcspfBudKufpum;ajymyga&m&Sif? olu rkd;ukwfrSmvl&wwfwpfa,mufygyJwJh? ausmufwGif;awG trsm;BuD;
&Sdygw,fwJh? olUudk ,l&if armfawmfum;ESifh wkdufBuD;ESifh xm;ygr,fwJh &Sif? uRefrrSm olUarmfawmfum; pD;csif&rSm
tomxm;vkdU atmhawmifatmhcsifao;&JU? onfawmh uRefru rcspfBudKufEkdifaMumif;ajymawmh olu uRefrudk
twif;t"r®BuHpnfr,fvkyfwkef; jzKef;ceJqdk OD;vif; a&mufNyD;vm? vmawmh rawmfaMumif;? aumif;aumif;rGefrGef
tusdK;taMumif; ajymawmh armiftJ&Du OD;vif;udkawmif axmfavmfuefUvefU ajymNyD; Budrf;vm; armif;vm;ESifh
xGufNyD; oGm;yga&m&Sif}
]onftaumifvJ xGufoGm;a&m OD;vif;u uRefrudk onf;cHygrnfhtaMumif; ESifh awmif;yefNyD; onfrSmom
qufvufNyD; tvkyfvkyfygwJh? onftaumifvJ aemufudk rvmap&ygbl;wJh ? aumif;aumif;rGefrGef vlBuD;yDyD
ajymavawmh uRefrvJ t&SufruGJcsifwmESifh aMuat;vkdufwmaygh&Sif? udkif; 'gxuf xl;jcm;wJh taMumif;wpfck
a&mufygNyD&Sif? onfvkd&Sifh? uRefrwkdU tdrfu ausmuf0kdif;bk&m;em; eD;avawmh paeaeUnaewkdif; blwm½Hk toGm;rSm
vljywfwJh vrf;ujzwfNyD; vm&ygw,f? 'gESifh vGefcJhwJh we*FaEGESpfywfavmufu cgwkdif;vdk uRefrwpfa,mufwnf;
blwm½Hk avQmufNyD;vmawmh aemufudk jzKef;ceJ vSnfhNyD;tMunfhvkdufrSm cyfvSrf;vSrf;u vlwpfa,muf
uRefraemufu vkdufvmwm jrif&wmudk;&Sifh? t&yfu cyfjywfjywf? acgif;rSm wbufBuD; NcHKvkdU&Sifh? okdUayrJh uRefr
onfavmufawmif trSwfrxm;ao;ygbl;? tjyefawmhrS wpfcg onfae&ma&mufjyefawmh onfvkdyJ wbufBuD;
NcHKvkdU aemufu reD;ra0; vkdufvmwm jrifjyefawmh enf;enf; tHhMooGm;rdwmudk;&Sif? 'gxuf wpfcg aemufpaeaeU
&efukefjyef? jyefawmhvJ onfae&mrSm onfvludkyJ xyfawGUjyef? aemuf &efukefu wevFmaeU jyefvmawmhvJ
onfvkdyJ xyfNyD; aemufu vkdufvmwm awGUjyefwmukd;&Sifh? 'gESifh uRefr enf;enf; pdwfraumif;wmESifh OD;vif;udk
ajymjyw,f? ajymjyawmh OD;vif;u aemufudk &efukefoGm;&if jrif;vSnf;uav;ESifh blwmxdatmif oGm;ygwJh?
blwmu jyefawmhvJ onfvkdyJ jrif;vSnf;uav; iSm;pD;ygwJh ajymw,f&Sifh? 'gESifh wpfcg onfpaea&mufjyefawmh
jrif;vSnf;u rSmrxm;rdbl;&Sifh? onfa wmh uRefrvJ cgwkdif;pD;aeus &xm; pD;csifwmESifh rapmifhbJ ajcusifyJ
avQmufNyD;vmcJh? vljywfwJh ae&ma&mufjyefawmh onfvkdyJ wbufacgif;NrD;NcHKESifh vlwpfa,muf aemufu vkdufvm
jyefwm jrifjyefwmudk;&Sifh ? tJ'g raeUnaeuygyJ&Sif? 'gESifh uREfrvJ w,fNyD; raMumufwwfavawmh b,fvkd
vlrsdK;rsm; uRefraemufu waumufaumuf vkdufNyD; aeEkdifygvdrfhvkdU tuJod&atmif tomuav;&yfNyD;apmifhae ?
uRefrvJ &yf? olvJ&yfyga&m&Sif? uRefru jznf;jznf;uav;avQmufjyefawmh oluvJ jznf;jznf;yJ avQmufw,f&Sifh?
'gESifh uRefru olUudkESyfr,fvkdU vrf;tauGUwpfckrSm tomuav; cdkwJhNyD; apmifhae? olvGefNyD; oGm;vkdufr,f
rSwfw,f? ray:vmbl;&Sifh? 'gESihf uRefr ykef;ae&mu xGufvmNyD;aemuf vrf;udk jyefNyD;Munfhawmh vlwpfa,mufrS
r&Sdbl;&Sifh? b,faysmufoGm;w,f rqkdEkdifbl;}
&S m;/ /]vrf;uGJrsm;&Sdovm;}
r/ /]r&Sdbl;&Sifh}
&S m;/ /]onfvrf;wpfckyJ &Sdw,f [kwfp? ta0;BuD; arQmfMunfhao;ovm;}
r/ /]Munfhygw,f&Sif? vrf;BuD;rS zkefvkdU}
&S m;/ /]onftem;rSm tdrfrsm; r&Sdbl;vm;}
r/ /]ajrmufbufuawmhjzihf v,fjyifawGyJ&Sifh? awmifbufuawmh onftem;rSm tdrfBuD;wpfvHk;jrifw,f? okdUayrJh
vlawmh &Sd[ef rwlbl;? udkif; 'gygyJ&Sif? onftaMumif; uRefr ra0cGJwwfatmif &Sdavawmh? OD;wkdU wqdwf
wwfEkdifrvm;vkdU vmcJhygw,f&Sif}
[k ajymvQif armifpH&Sm;vnf; acwårQ pOf;pm;pdwful;aeNyD;aemuf
&S m;/ /]usKyf wpfckar;r,f rdef;uav; ? &SufwwfrSmvm;}
r/ /]r&Sufygbl;&Sif? ar;omar;yg}
&S m;/ /]rdef;uav; &nf;pm;rsm; &Sdovm;}
r/ /(rsufESmysufvsuf &Suf&SufESihf) ]&Sdawmh &Sdygw,f&Sif? okdUaomf b,fenf;ESifhrS udkwifatmif awmh
r[kwfEkdifygbl;}
&S m;/ /(NyHK;vsuf) ]aMomf udkwifatmif wJhvm;? 'gxuf onfhjyif rdef;uav;ukd ydk;aewJhvlrsm; &Sdovm;}
r/ /]r&Sdygbl;&Sif? ckeifu ajymwJh udktJ&D wpfa,mufyJ &Sdygw,f}
&S m;/ /]pOf;pm;ygOD;Asm? onfhjyifrsm; r&Sdbl;vm;}
r/ /(rsufESmeDvsuf) ]uRefr uRefr txifajym&rSmjzifh OD;vif;uvJ uRefrudk arwåm&SdwJh vu©Pmawmh &Sdw,f&Sifh?
odkUaomfvJ onftaMumif;udk wpfvHk;rQ zGifhNyD; rajymzl;&Smaybl;&Sif? 'gayrJh rdef;rqkdwmrsdK;[m a,mufsm; rsufESm
jrif&if udk,fhudk cspfcifw,f rcspfcifbl;qkdwm todom;[mudk;&Sifh}
&S m;/ /]aMomf [kwfuJhvm;? onfvlu bmrsm; vkyfudkif pm;aomufovJ}
r/ /]rkd;ukwfrSmawmh ausmufyGJpm;yJ&Sifh? onfrSmawmh bmrS rvkyfbl;? tvnfoufouf vmw,f ajymw,f}
&S m;/ /]ukdif; udkif; awmfavmufygNyD? jyefayOD;awmh rdef;uav;&,f? usKyfvJ,ckawmhjzifh enf;enf;
tvkyf½Iyfao;w,f? aemufrsm;rS onftaMumif; xyfavmif;NyD; pHkprf;&ao;wmy? okdUaomf usKyfudk rwkdifyifbJ
bmwpfckrS rvkyfESifhaemf? wu,fvkdU taMumif;xl;&ifvJ usKyfudk taMumif;Mum;vkduf Mum;vm;}
r/ /][kwfuJh&Sifh}
&S m;/ /]rdef;uav; emrnf b,folwJhvJ}
r/ /]rwifOD;ygwJh&Sif}
&S m;/ /]udkif; jyefayOD;awmh rwifOD;}
rdef;uav; jyefoGm;vQif armifpH&Sm;vnf; aq;wHudk aomuf&SL&if;

&S m;/ /]Munfh&yHkawmhjzifh BudwfNyD;aemufydk;ydk;wJh ieJxJuESifh wlwmyJAs? ykd;r,fqkdvJ ydk;Muayr,f udkodef;armif&JU?
rdef;uav; ½kyfuav;uvJ oem;urm; ? t&G,fuav;uvJ aumif;? [kwfyg&JU? [kwfyg&JU? okdUaomf enf;enf;
xl;jcm;wJhtcsufuav; wpfck ESpfckawmhjzifh ygwmyJAs}
a&TOa'gif;
uRefawmf/ /]onfae&ma&mufrScsnf; ay:ay:vmwJh tcsuf[mvm;Asm}

&S m;/ /]tppfayghAsm? usKyfwkdU vufOD; bmvkyf&rvJqkdawmh onfvl aysmufoGm;w,fqkdwJh tem;u tdrfBuD;rSm
b,folrsm; aew,fqkdwm usKyfwkdU pHkprf;zkdU &Sdw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]rdef;uav;u ajymawmh vlr&Sdbl; ajymygvm;As}
&S m;/ /]vl&SdyHk ray:bl; ajymw,fAs? vlr&Sdbl;vkdU twyf rajymbl;As? NyD;awmh onfhjyifwpfcsuf OD;vif;ESifh
armiftJ&DqkdwJh vlESpfa,muf[m onfavmuf oabmcsif;uGJvGJ&ufESifh b,fvkdrsm; qufoG,fjcif;&SdvkdU aygif;oif;
qufqHaeMuw,fqkdwm usKyfwpfck odcsifw,f? NyD;awmh wpfcg olwkdU ESpfa,mufpvHk;u bmjyKvkdU rwifOD;uav;
udk ta&;w,l tyifyef;cHvkduf&SmNyD; ESpfa,mufpvHk; cspfBudKufMu? ydk;yef;MuovJqkdwm usKyf wpfcsuf odcsifw,f?
NyD;awmhaemufqHk;wpfcsufuawmh olwkdUausmufukefonfrkd;ukwfom;qkdwJhvlrsdK;[m orD;udkrqkdxm;ESifh om;uav;
rsm;awmif t*Fvdyfynmudk oifMum;zkdU 0goem r&SdwwfbJvsuf ,ck orD;uav;twGuf wpfv 50d tukef cHNyD;
oifay;wJhtcsuf[m usKyf enf;enf;uav; xl;qef;w,f xifw,f? b,fhES,fvJAsm? udkodef;armif}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfyg&JUAsm? 'gxuf cifAsm; oGm;NyD; rpHkprf;awmhbl;vm;}
&S m;/ /]usKyfudk,fwkdif roGm;ao;ygbl;Asm? cifAsm;yJ oGm;NyD; pHkprf;acsygawmh? onfudpöu w,fNyD; ta&;BuD;yHk ray:
avawmh onfhjyif udpöBuD;udk zsufNyD; usKyfudk,fwkdif oGm;zkdU rawmfbl; xifyg&JU? onfawmh reufjzef wevFmaeU
reufapmapm cifAsm;u orkdif;blwmudk vkdufoGm;NyD; ckeifu ajymwJh tdrfBuD;em;u tomacsmif;NyD; Munfhae?
MunfhNyD; cifAsm; ÓPf&Sdoavmuf MunfhNyD;c&D;oGm;prf;ayawmhAsm? usKyf enf;awGvJ cifAsm; awmfawmf
todom;uyJ r[kwfvm;? cifAsm; bmvkyfrvJ? jrif&orQ rSwfom;NyD; [kdtdrfBuD;rSm b,folrsm; aew,fqkdwm
axmufvSrf;ar;jref;cJh&r,f? ar;jref;NyD; usKyfqDudk cifAsm; Mum;odawGUjrifcJh&orQ tpD&ifcHpm wifoGif;&r,f
[kwfvm;}
[k ajymvQif uRefawmfrSm armifpH&Sm;onf uRefawmfhtm; þtrIü tawmftwef ,HkMunfojzifh vTJtyf
aeNyDwum;[k rsm;pGm tm;wufvsuf cdkif;onfhtwkdif; wevFmaeUeHeuf 7 em&DcefUwGif tdrfrS xGufí
orkdif;blwmokdU vkdufvmcJhav\/
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfonf blwm½kHrS ausmuf0kdif;bk&m;odkU oGm;aom vrf;wavQmuf vkdufvmcJhí
vloGm;vlvmjywf&m tdrfBuD;wpfaqmifokdU a&mufavvQif vrf;eHab;&Sd NcHKykwfi,fwpfckrS acsmif;ajrmif;apmifhqkdif;
vsuf &Sd&m em&Dwpf0ufcefUrQ &SdvQif vlwpfa,mufonf a,mvHkcsnfESifh tusÐeufudk 0wfvsuf ausmuf0kdif;
bk&m;qDrS blwmbufodkU avQmufvmNyD;vQif uRefawmf\ teD;okdU a&mufvmum uRefawmfESifh reD;ra0;&Sdaom
tdrfBuD;teD; 0if;x&Hem;ü &Sdaom csHKi,fwpfckü ykef;atmif;um apmihfqkdif;aeav\/
¤if;aemuf 15 rdepfcefUMumvwfaomf q&mr rwifOD;onf blwm½kHbufrS uRefawmfwkdU &Sd&mokdU avQmufvm&m
uRefawmf&Sd&m csHKteD;okdU a&mufonfhumv awmifajrmufav;yg;udk Munfh½Ivsuf avQmufoGm;ojzifh
tenf;i,fausmfvGefavvQif ,cifuvlvnf; csHKrS xGufvmí rdef;uav;\aemufrS vkdufonfudk awGUjrif&av\/
twefi,f oGm;rdvQif oli,fronf aemufokdUvSnfhí tMunfhwGif xkdoludk jrifonfESifh cyfjznf;jznf;rQ avQmuf&m
xkdolvnf; cyfjznf;jznf;omvQif avQmufav\/
¤if;aemuf oli,frvnf; ½kwfw&uf &yfvkduf&m xkdolvnf; oli,fr\ teD;odkU ra&mufapvkdrlí &yfav\/
xkdtcg oli,fronf jzKef;ceJ aemufokdU vSnfhí xkdol &Sd&modkU jyefvm&m xkdolvnf; ½kwfw&uf aemufodkU vSnfYí
xGufajy;av\/ ¤if;aemuf oli,frvnf; þrQavmuf ol&Jabmenf;aom olwpfa,muftm; ta&; rvkyfrlí
aemufodkUrQ vSnfhí rMunfhbJ rdrdoGm;&mvrf;udk qufvuf avQmufoGm;av\/ xkdtcg xkdolvnf; a&S;uuJhodkU
oli,fr\ aemufrS reD;ra0; vkdufoGm;jyefav&m vrf;auGUwpfckudk ausmfvGefNyD;aemuf ESpfa,mufom;wkdUonf
aysmufuG,fí oGm;Muav\/
xkdtcg uRefawmfvnf; anmif;nmvSonf jzpfí ykef;atmif;ae&m csHKi,frS xGufrnftjyKwGif xkdolvnf;

wjznf;jznf; uRefawmf&Sd&mbufokdU jyefvmonfudk jrifonfESifh wpfzef ykef;atmif;&jyefav&m xkdolvnf; ,cifu
tdrfBuD;teD;wGif rdrdü NcHKxm;aom wbufudk jzKwfNyD;aemuf oli,fr oGm;aom vrf;twkdif; wjznf;jznf;
avQmufí aysmufoGm;av\/
xkdtcg uRefawmfvnf; ,aeUreuftwGuf tawmftwef awGUjrifcJh&ojzifh armifpH&Sm;xH tpD&ifcH&ef vHkavmuf
acsNyD[k 0rf;omtm;&ESifh blwm½HkokdU jyefvmcJhNyD;vQif ¤if;tdrfBuD;ü rnfolrsm; aexkdifygoenf;[k ar;jref;&m
¤if;tdrfü rnfol aexkdifonf rod? tdrf&SifrSmrl &efukefNrdKU ukefaps;wef;ü &SdaMumif;nTefvkdufonfjzpfí
uRefawmfvnf; oGm;a&mufar;jref;av\/ tdrf&SifESifhawGUojzifh uRefawmfvnf; ¤if;tdrfudk iSm;vkdaMumif; ajym&m
tdrf&Sifu ¤if;tdrfBuD;rSm ,ck rtm;vyfaMumif;? vGefcJhonfh vuyif iSm;&rf;vkdufaMumif;? trnfrSm OD;azarmif
jzpfaMumif;? xkdUjyif xkdol\ taMumif;udk wpfpHkwpf&m rodaMumif;rsm;ESifh aumif;rGefpGmjyefajymvkdufav\/
uRefawmfonf tdrfodkUa&mufonfwGif armifpH&Sm;tm; uRefawmfawGUjrifcJh&onfh tjcif;t&mwkdUESifhwuG ar;jref;
pHkprf;od&SdcJh&orQrsm;udk 0rf;omtm;&ESifh jyefajymav&m armifpH&Sm;onf pdwf&Snfvuf&Snf em;axmifNyD;aemuf
uRefawmf arQmfvifhonfhtwkdif; uRefawmfhtm; csD;rGrf;pum; ajymMum;jcif; rjyKbJ pdwfysufaom rsufESmxm;ESifh
&S m;/ /]cifAsm; ykef;wJh ae&mudku w,fNyD; a0;wmudk;As? wu,fqkdawmh onfvlU rsufESmudk aoaocsmcsm
jrif&atmif 0if;x&Hem;u uyfNyD; ykef;aeygawmhvm;Asm? rwifOD;u onfvludk rjrifzl;bl;rSwfw,f? usKyfuawmh
onfvl[m {uEÅ rwifOD;odwJh vlxJuyJvkdU usKyfxifw,f? wu,fvkdUom todr[kwf&if rdef;uav; tem;
a&mufrSmudk bmjyKvkdU olonfavmuf aMumuf&rSmvJAs? acgif;rSm wbufBuD;NcHKxm;w,f qkdwJh wpfcsufuvJ
rsufESmodrkdUvkdU rsufESmudk rdef;uav;rjrifatmif zHk;xm;wJh vu©PmyJ? cifAsm; vkyfyHkawGu w,fNyD; a&Smfwmudk;As?
onftdrfBuD;rSm b,folrsm;aewkef;vkdU odcsifwJh[m &efukefu tdrf&SifvmNyD; ar;&w,f? awmfygay&JUAsm}
xkdtcg uRefawmfu pdwfaygufaygufESifh
uRefawmf/ /]'gjzifh b,fhES,f vkyf&rvJAsm}
&S m;/ /]vufzuf&nfqkdifoGm;&w,fAs? orkdif;wpfckvHk;rSm vufzuf&nfqkdif wpfqkdifrS r&Sdbl;vm;? vufzuf&nf
qkdifrSmrS pum;pHk Mum;&w,fAs? vlvJpHkw,f? onftdrfrSmaewJhvlu udkazarmifwJh? udkazarmifqkdvkdU usKyfwkdU bmod
rSmvJAsm? vwfpowfawmh cifAsm;udkvTwfvkduf&wm[m bmrsm;xl;cJhovJqkdawmh oli,fruav; ajymwJhtcsufrsm;
[m rSefuefw,f qkdwmjzifh od&ay&JU? 'gawmh cifAsm;roGm;ayr,fh rSefw,fqkdwm usKyfvJ todom;uyJAsm? uJ uJ
okdUaomf pdwfysufraeygESifh udkodef;armif? aemufwpfcgawmhjzifh cifAsm; onfxuf vdr®mvmrSmaygh? udkif; okdUaomf
aemufpaexdatmif apmifhMu&ao;wmayghav? onftwGif; usKyfvJyJ tcsufuav; wpfckESpfck &Sif;vif;atmif
vkyfNyD;xm;ESifh &rSmyJ}
aemufwpfaeUeHeufü uRefawmfwkdUonf rwifOD;xHrS pmwpfapmif &&dSav&m ¤if;pmrSm uRefawmfudk,fwdkif
awGUjrifcJh&aom taMumif;t&mrsm; yg&Sdonfhjyif tjcm;taMumif;rsm;rSm
]]uRefrtm; vcay;í iSm;&rf; ol OD ;vif ;onf uRef rtm; ,cka eUvnf u cspf BudKufaMumif ;
ajymqkdonfjzpfí uRef rrSm þtdrfü qufvufaexkdif&ef cJ,Of;vS ygawmhonf}}
ponfjzifh tqHk;owfü yg&Sdavonf/ armifpH&Sm;vnf; ¤if;pmudk zwfNyD;aemuf pOf;pm;pdwful;vsuf
&SdaomrsufESmxm;ESifh
]tif; oli,fruav;ujzifh ab;tEÅ&m,fawG awmfawmf0kdif;aeNyD rSwfw,fAsdKU? owif;Mum;&yHk w,fNyD; tuJr&bl;?
onftrIu usKyftpwkef;u xifoavmuf rubl;? awmfawmfuav; ½IyfyHkay:w,f? udkif; cifAsm;vJ tvkyf
oGm;ayawmh? usKyfvJ tanmif;ajy orkdif;udk cPavmuf avQmufoGm;NyD; usKyfxifcsufuav; wpfckESpfck
udkuf&JUvm; vkdU oGm;NyD; pHkprf;acsOD;r,f}
a&TOa'gif;
¤if;aeUnaeü armifpH&Sm;onf tdrfay: okdU wufvm&m uRefawmfrSm ¤if;\ tjzpfudk jrifojzifh tHhMo
vsuf&Sd&av\/ uRefawmf tHhMo&jcif;taMumif;rSm armifpH&Sm;onf EIwfcrf;jywfvsuf ezl;üvnff; ZD;jzLoD;cefU
yrmP&Sdaom tzkBuD;wpfckonf ndKrnf;pGm xvsuf wpfudk,fvHk;rSmvnf; armyef;EGrf;e,fonfh trlt&mESifh
&SdaeaomaMumifh jzpfavonf/
xkdtcg uRefawmfonf taMumif;rnfodkU &Sdavoenf;[k ar;jref;&m armifpH&Sm;onf t0wfrsm;vJvS,fNyD;aemuf
ukvm;xkdifwpfckay:wGif [uf[ufyufyuf &,farmum xkdifvsuf
&S m;/ /]tvkyfMurf;rsm; acR;xGufatmif rvkyf&wm MumvSNyD? onfwpfcgjzifh w,fae&musoAsm? usKyfausmif;rSm
aewkef;u vufa0SUowfwJh twwfrSm awmfawmfuRrf;usifcJhvkdU qkawGbmawG &wm cifAsm;udk ajymzl;ovm;?
wpfcgwpfcgawmh usKyfwkdU pHkaxmufrsm;rSm onftwwf[m tifrwef toHk;usw,fAs ? Oyrm onfuaeYrsm; usKyf
onftwwf rwwfvkdU&Sd&if {uEÅ aq;½Hkwuf&NyD;om;yJ}
uRefawmf/ /]tckawmif wuf&yHk ay:aeygNyDAsm}
&S m;/ /][kwfw,fAsm? awmfawmf usifvnfwJhtaumifyJ? 'gESifh ajym&OD;r,f? usKyfu onfuoGm;a&m? oGm;NyD;
vufzuf&nfqkdif wpfqkdif0if? 0ifNyD; pum; cyfrsm;rsm; vlwpfa,mufudk usKyfu vufzuf&nfuav;rsm;wkdufNyD;
ar;vkdU [kdvlu usKyfodcsifwJh tcsufawG ajymNyD;aewmayghAsm? onftdrfrSm yGJpm;OD;azarmifqdkwJh vlwpfa,mufu
iSm;aew,fwJh? onfvlu &Srf;cyfqefqefyJwJh? yGJpm;qkdayrJh bmyGJpm;vJ rodbl;wJh? aysmfawmhjzifh awmfawmfaysmfwJh
vlwpfpkESifh oP²mefwlw,fwJh? olwdkUtxJrSm taysmfqHk;uawmh udktJ&DqkdwJh vlwpfa,mufyJwJh? onfvlujzifh
wpfcg wpfcg rl;NyDqkdrSjzihf t&yfxJavQmuf oDcsif;awGqdk? tifrwefqlwJholwpfa,mufyJvkdU ajymaewkef; &Sdao;?
jzKef;ceJqkd udktJ&Dudk,fwkdif vufzuf&nfqkdifxJ0ifvmNyD; olUtaMumif;ajymaeMuwm b,folrsm;vJwJh? cifAsm;wkdU
ESifh bmqkdifovJwJh? bmaumifawGrkdU olrsm;taMumif; bmomraebJ awmifavQmufar; ajrmufavQmufar; ar;&
wmvJwJh? wuwnf;Asm? &efaxmifwJhNyD; usKyfudk vufoD;ESifh wpfcsufowfvdkufwmudk;As? usKyfvJ trSwfwrJhrkdU
ra&SmifEkdifvkdU EIwfcrf;xdoGm;w,f? onf[m olUvufcsufAs? 'gESifh usKyfvJ olu t&ifpNyD; xkd;avawmh
pdwfuav;u eJeJxGufvmwmESifh b,fa&mnma&mwifvkdufwm usKyfrSmawmh ezl;rSm wpfcsuf? EIwfcrf;rSm wpfcsuf?
'gyJ? cifAsm;vljzifh vSnf;ESifhudk wkdufNyD;xkwf&wmyJ? uJ uJ 'gygyJAsm? usKyfvJyJ EIwfcrf;jywfwmavmufyJ
omygw,f? onfhjyifjzifh twlwlvkdygyJAsm? w,fNyD; rxl;vSygbl;}
¤if;aemuf 2 &ufrQ Mumvwfaomf uRefawmfwkdUvnf; rwifOD;xHrS pmwpfapmif &&Sdjyefav&m ¤if;pmrSm
]]uRefrrSm þtdrfü qufvufaexkdifí tvkyfvkyfudkif&ef jzpfEkdifawmhrnf r[kwfyg/ okdUjzpfí ,ckpaeaeU uRefr

&efukefokdU jyefvmaomtcg wpfzef jyefí oGm;awmhrnf r[kwfyg/ okdU&mwGif uRefrjyefaomtcg jrif;vSnf;ESifh
jyefrnf jzpfygí ,cifu ab;&eftwGuf pkd;&drf&ef &Sdrnfr[kwfawmhyg/
uRefronf þtvkyfrS xGuf&jcif; taMumif;rSm OD;vif;u cspfBudKufpum; ajym½HkrQru ,cifu uRefr &GUHrkef;wJh
udktJ&Dvnf; tdrfokdU 0ifxGufoGm;vmaeaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/ uRefrrsufpdü Munfhír&onfhtay:rSm ,ckrlum;
wpfrsufESmvHk; tndKrJpGJaeonfjzpfí omíyiftMunfh&cufvSygao;onf/ ¤if;udktJ&Donf OD;vif;ESifh twefMum
atmifwkdifyifaeMuNyD;aemuf udktJ&DjyefoGm;onfhtcg OD;vif;rSm tcgwkdif;ESifhrwl wkefvIyfonfh trlt&m &Sdonfudk
uRefr awGUjrif&ygonf/ okdU&mwGif uRefrrSm olwkdUtwGuf pkd;&drf&ef &Sdawmhrnf r[kwfyg/ ,ck paeaeUwGif
&efukefokdY tNyD;jyefvmawmhrnf jzpfygaMumif;}}
&S m;/ /(pm&Gufudk udkifum pOf;pm;vsuf)]tif; pkd;&drfzkdUr&Sdbl;vkdU arQmfvifh&awmhwmy av? okdUaomfvJ usKyfjzifh
w,fNyD; pdwfrat;vSbl;As? onfoli,fruav;twGuf pkd;&drfp&m trsm;BuD;&Sdw,f rSwfw,f? udkif; onfvkd
ypfxm;vkdUawmfr,frxifbl;? onfpaeaeU cifAsm;tvkyfuapmapmjyefcJhAsm? usKyfwkdUESpfa,muf orkdif;udk oGm;Mu
r,f? owdqkdwm vGefEkdifw,fr&Sdbl;? vkdw,fom&SdowJh? onfawmh onfoli,fruav;[m usKyfwkdUqD vm&Sm

vsufESifh wpfpHkwpf&m rjzpf&atmif usKyfwkdU apmifha&SmufacspkdUAsm}
uRefawmfrSm þtrIü tprS tqHk;wkdif od&SdcJhygaomfvnf; tenf;i,frQ xl;jcm;onf[líomvQif rSwfxifvsuf
wpfpHkwpf&m pkd;&drfaMumifhMuzG,f&Sdonf [lí rSwfxifcJhonf r[kwfay/ tb,fhaMumifhqkdaomf rdef;uav;acsmacsm
wpfa,muftm; a,musfm;uav; wpfa,mufu aemufrS vkdufjcif;onf w&m;pGJqkdEkdifonfh trIrsdK; r[kwf? urÇm
avmu\ xHk;pH"r®wmrQom jzpfav&m xkdolonf rdef;uav;tm; teD;odkU tcsOf;rcHonfrSmvnf; aMumifhMu
pkd;&drfzG,f r[kwf? aoG;r&Sdaom vlrsdK;rQom jzpfaomaMumifh jzpfwef&macsonf/ okdU&mwGif paeaeUnae oGm;cgeD;
tcsdefü armifpH&Sm;u ]udkodef;armif? cifAsm; wkwfrmrm,lcJhAsdKU? aemif toHk;usaumif; usvdrfhr,f? [efwdefwkwf[m
aumif;w,fAs}
[k ajymonfhtcgrS ab;Oyg'f tEÅ&m,ftwGuf pkd;&drfzG,f&SdaMumif; awG;awmrdav\/
uRefawmfwkdUvnf; orkdif;blwm½HkokdU a&mufMuavvQif ausmuf0kdif;bk&m;bufokdU ajcvsifavQmufvmMu&m
vljywf&mvrf;okdU a&mufavvQif armifpH&Sm;u
]a[m[kda&SUu vmwJh jrif;vSnf;[m oli,fr pD;vmwJh jrif;vSnf;yJ rSwfw,fAsdKU? jrefjrefvmAsm? udkodef;armif
jrefjref avQmufygAs? jrif;u uqkefcsNyD; vmyguvm;As? w,fNyD; tajcrvSbl;xifw,f? a[m Munfhygvm;? vlvJ
rygbl;AsdKU? armif;wJhvlvJ rygbl;? ckd;ajy;MuNyDAsdKU? ckd;ajy;MuNyD? ukdif; udkodef;armif cifAsm;u [dkbufu qD;?
usKyfu onfbufu qD;r,f? jrif;Zufudk qGJaemf}
[k ajymNyD;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUvnf; vrf;wpfzufwpfcsufrS apmifhaeMuNyD;vQif jrif;onf uRefawmfwkdU
teD;odkUa&mufvmonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf jrif;Zufudk ESpfa,mufom; ckefí qGJvkdufMu&m jrif;vnf; &yfwefUav\/
xkdtcg uRefawmfwkdUvnf; vSnf;ay: okdU wufMuNyD;vQif jrif;udk vSnfhí bk&m;bufokdU wpfzef armif;vmcJhMu&m
vrf;c&D;wGif uRefawmfwkdU&Sd&mokdU ysm&dysm,m vmaeonfhvlwpfa,mufESifh awGUí uRefawmfu
]a[m[kd vlyJAsdKU? rwifOD;aemufu wpfaeUu vkdufwJhvl[m? [kdvlyJAsdKU}
[k ajymqJwGif xkdolu vrf;v,fwGif ½kwfw&uf &yfwefUí
]tvkd oli,fruav;aum? oli,fruav;aum? rwifOD;aum? &yfAsdKUaemf? &yfprf;? r&yf&if cifAsm;wkdU jrif;acgif;udk
usKyf wkwfESifh csvkdufr,f}
[k ajymí vufrSudkifxm;aom &Sm;ESpfwkwfESifh &G,favvQif armifpH&Sm;vnf; jrif;vSnf;udk &yfí vSnf;ay:rS
ckefqif;NyD;vQif
]usKyfwkdU cifAsm;udk awGUcsifvkdU vmwmyJ? rwifOD; b,frSmvJ ajymprf;}
xkdol/ /]tvkd cufacsNyD? rwifOD; b,frvJ qkdwm usKyfu cifAsm;wkdUudk ar;wmAs? onfvSnf;[m usKyf
iSm;ay;vkdufwJh vSnf;yJ? rdef;uav;aum b,frSmvJ tck ajymprf;ygAs}
&S m;/ /]onfvSnf;udk usKyfwkdU vrf;rSm awGUw,f? vSnf;ay:rSm b,folrS rygavawmh rdef;uav;udk u,fq,fzkdU
usKyfwkdU vmcJhw,f}
xkdol/ /]tvkdav;Asm? NyD;ygNyD? 'gjzifh rwifOD;uav; [dkacG;rom; itJ&DvufxJ a&mufoGm;ygNyD? udkif; cifAsm;wkdU
rwifOD; rdwfaqGawGvm;? 'gjzihf jrefjrefvmMuAsm? wqdwf jrefjrefvmMuygAsm}
a&TOa'gif;
[kajymvsuf wkwfBuD;&rf;um a&SUrS avQmufajy;avvQif uRefawmfwkdUvnf; aemufrS ajy;í vkdufygoGm;Muav\/

jrif;vSnf;rSmrl vrf;ay:ü usefae&pfcJhav\/
,cifu tdrfBuD;ESifh reD;ra0; csHKykwfwpfckodkU a&mufavvQif uRefawmfwkdUvnf; csHKwGif;rS ajcESpfacsmif;
xGufaeonfudk jrifojzifh Munfh½IMu&m xkdolu
]a[m MunfhMuygOD;awmhAsm? a[monf[m vSnf;armif;wJh oli,fuav;yJ}
[k ajymí aocsmpGm Munfh½IonfwGif oli,frSm OD;acgif;ü 'Pf&mwpfckawGU&Sdvsuf rl;arhí aeonfudk
awGU&Sd&av\/
¤if;aemuf xkdolu
]udkif; oli,ftwGuf udpör&dSygbl;Asm? raoEkdifygbl;? oli,fraemufudk vkdufMuygOD;pkdUAsm}
[k ajymí a&SUrS avQmufajy;jyefvQif uRefawmfwkdUvnf; aemufrS vkdufoGm;Mu&m ,cifu tdrfBuD;teD;odkU
a&mufumv oli,frwpfa,muf\ atmfoHudk Mum;&onfESifh uRefawmfwkdUvnf; tpGrf;ukef ajy;oGm;í
0if;twGif;odkU 0ifoGm;Muav\/
tdrfavSum;&if;wGif vlwpfa,mufvnf; wkwfwpfacsmif;udk udkifvsuf apmihfae&m uRefawmfwkdUvmonfudk
jrifojzifh ckcHrnftjyKwGif uRefawmfwkdUESifh vmolvnff; &Sm;ESpfwkwfESifh OD;acgif;udk csvkdufojzifh xkdolvnf; ajrodkU
pkdufí vJoGm;av\/
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwkdU oHk;a,mufom;vnf; atmfoHMum;&m tdrfay: okdU wufajy;Mu&m tdrfay: odkU a&mufvQif
oHk;a,mufom;wkdUonf ydwfíxm;onfh wpfckaom tcef;wHcg;udk wpfNyKdifeuf wGef;vdkufMuonfwGif wHcg;vnf;
yGifhoGm;av\/ tcef;wGif;üum; axmifaxmifarmif;armif; &Sdaom vlwpfa,mufonf rwifOD;tm; ayGUzufvsuf
&Sdonfudk awGUjrif&onfjzpf&m uRefawmfwkdUESifh vmolonf armifpH&Sm;u wm;csdefr&rD xkdol\ OD;acgif;udk wkwfESifh
wpfcsuf csvkdufav\/ okdU&mwGif wkwfwpfcsufonf OD;acgif;odkU wnfhwnfhrxdbJ tenf;i,frQ acsmfí
oGm;&um; aemufwpfcsufxyfí csrnftjyKwGif armifpH&Sm;u wkwfudkqGJí
]awmfNyDAsm awmfNyD? tjypf'Pfay;zkdUu usKyfwkdU cifAsm;wkdU tvkyfr[kwfbl;? tpdk;&tvkyfjzpfw,f}
]cifAsm; b,folvJ}
]usKyf pHkaxmuf armifpH&Sm;yJ? cifAsm;aum OD;vif; r[kwfvm;}
][kwfw,f}
]udkif; udkif; ? cifAsm;wkdUudk usKyf 0wå&m;twkdif; Xme ydkdU&vdrfhr,f? b,folUrsm; vTwf&ygr,f}
[kajymvsuf tdrfa&SUodkU vSrf;í tMunfhwGif oli,fwpfa,mufudk jrifonfESifh armifpH&Sm;vnf; oli,fudk ac:í
rkefUzkd;aiG ESpfusyf ay;NyD;vQif pmwpfapmifudk a&;í ykvdyfXmeokdU apvTwfvkdufav\/
oli,fxGufoGm;vQif armiftJ&Du
]OD;vif; cifAsm;awmh odMua&myAsm? [kdkwkef;uawmh ESpfa,muf oabmwl vkyfMuNyD;? tckawmh cifAsm;u usKyf
tBuHudk zsufqD;w,fayghav? aeESifhOD;? cifAsm;awmh axmifus&if usKyfwkdUESpfa,muf twlwl usrSmyJ? axmifxJusrS
cifAsm;udk usKyf pD&if&r,f}
vif;/ /]rif; wwfEdkif udkifwmayghuGm}
&S m;/ /]udkif; udkif; OD;vif;? cifAsm; odoavmuf cifAsm;wkdUtaMumif; ajymjyprf;? cifAsm; Munfh&wm awmfyHk&w,f?
onftrIrSm b,fvkd BuHpnfvkdU b,fvkd jzpfysufw,f qkdwm cifAsm;u ajymjyprf;}
vif;/ /]ajymyghr,fAsm? usKyfvJygrSmyJ? Munfhyg cifAsm? usKyfrSm onfoli,fruav;udk apmifha&SmufNyD; ? udkif;av

&Snfraeygbl;? &SufvJ r&SufEkdifygbl;? usKyfu onfoli,fruav;udk pHkrufavawmh onftaumifu aESmifh,Suf
vdrfhr,f qkdwm odwmrkdU aemufu trSwfwrJh vkdufNyD; apmifha&Smuf&ygw,fAsm}
&S m;/ /]usKyf xifyg&JU? okdUaomf bmjyKvkdU wdwfwdwfykef; vkduf&ovJAs}
vif;/ /]usKyfvkdufydkUw,fqkd&if oli,fruav; BudKufr,fr[kwfbl;As? onfoli,fr oabmudk usKyfodw,f?
vkdufydkUjyef&ifvJ onfvrf;[m pkd;&drfzkdU &SdaMumif; zGifhajymovkd jzpfaeOD;r,f? onfvkd pkd;&drfzkdU&SdaMumif; ol od&ifvJ
onftvkyfu xGufNyD;oGm;rSm pkd;&drf&ao;w,fAs? onfoli,fr usKyftdrfu xGuNf yD; oGm;rSmvJ usKyf rcHEkdifbl;?
r&EkdifaomvJ olU rsufESmuav; jrifae&&if awmfao;wmudk;As}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm;ES,fAsm? t&G,fESifhrS rvkduf}
vif;/ /]usKyfu toufBuD;w,f? oli,fru i,fw,f? 'gaMumifhvm;? 'grawmhAsm? onfhxufru [mawGawmif
taMumif;qHkqnf;awmh taMumif;ygMuao;wmyJAsm? 'gESifh wpfaeUu rkd;ukwfuoHBudK;&awmhjzifh onftaumifawG
onfwpfcgjzifh udpöNyD;atmif BuHMuawmhr,fqkdwm usKyf &dyfrdyg&JUAsm}
&S m;/ /]bmoHBudK;vJAs}
[k ar;ojzifh OD;vif;vnf; oHBudK;pmwpfapmifudk xkwfí jy&m ¤if;rSm
tbkd;BuD;aoNyD
[líom yg&Sdav\/ ¤if; pmudk zwfNyD;aemuf

&S m;/ /]aMomf usKyf &dyfrdNyD? 'ghaMumifhudk;As? udkif; ajymjyprf;ygOD;Asm}
[k ajymvQif armiftJ&Du
]a[h taumifBuD; rif;taMumif;awG rif; ajymcsifajym rajymcsifae? igh taMumif;rsm; rif;rajymESifhaemf? ajym&if rif;
'ku©yJ? 'gyJ igajymvkdufr,f}
&S m;/ /]at;at;aeygarmif? armifwkdUtaMumif;usKyfodNyD;ygNyD? usKyfu r&Sif;vif;wJhtcsufuav; wpfckESpfckavmuf
&SdvkdU ar;Munfhwmyg? udkif; udkif; 'gavmufawmifrS &Sdwm? usKyfu ajymygawmhr,farmif? armif uG,fEkdifao;
&JUvm;? em;axmifprf;? armifESifh OD;vif;ESifh rkd;ukwfu qif;NyD;vmMuw,f? vmpOftcgu onfu rwifOD;&JU
OD;av;[m tonf;toefjzpfNyD;aew,f? wu,fvdkU onfvlBuD;ao&if olUypönf;awGudk rwifOD;wkdU &r,fqkdwm
armifwkdU odMuw,f? b,fhES,fvJarmif}
vif;/ /][kwfw,f trSefyJ? onftwkdif;yJ}
&S m;/ /]onfawmh armifwkdU ESpfa,muf &efukefudk qif;NyD;vm? vmNyD; rdef;uav;udk rawGU awGUatmif&Sm? &SmNyD;
bmvkyfzkdUBuHpnfovJ? ESpfa,mufteufu wpfa,mufu rdef;uav;ESifh vufxyfNyD; onfhjyifwpfa,mufudk ypönf;
xJu a0pk cGJNyD;ay;? onfvkdr[kwfvm;}
vif;/ /][kwfw,f}
&S m;/ /]onfawmh yxr pDrHpOftcguawmh armiftJ&Du rdef;uav;udk vufxyf,lzkdU BuHpnfMuw,f}
vif;/ /]usKyfwkdU rJcsNyD; uHtwkdif;a0Muw,f}
a&TOa'gif;
&S m;/ /]aMomf [kwfvm;? onfawmh onftBuHtwkdif; OD;vif;u rdef;uav;udk tdrfa&mufatmif ac:NyD; armiftJ&Du
vlysdKvSnfh? vSnfhayrJh armiftJ&Du ae&mrus? ae&mruswkef;qJqJrSm cufcsifawmh OD;vif;u rdef;uav;udk
pHkrufjyefa&m? pHkrufjyefawmh onfvkd oli,frrsdK;ESifh onfvlrsdK;ESifh rwefbl;vkdU OD;vif;u xifjyefa&m [kwfp}
vif;/ /]b,fawmh wefvdrfhrvJcifAsm? 'if;ESifh tzufrS r[kwfbJ}
&S m;/ /]onfawmh cifAsm;wkdUESpfa,muf pum;rsm;a&m? pum;rsm;NyD; armiftJ&Du cifAsm; tdrfu xGufoGm;?
xGufoGm;NyD; olvJ olUenf;ESifhol tBuHxkwfua&m? [kwfp}
vif;/ /][kwfygw,fcifAsm? udkif; tJ&Da&? igwkdU ajymzkdUawmif r&Sdbl;? rif; uG,fcsif&ifvJuG,fawmh? igawmh
ruG,fbl;? onfvlutukef odNyD;om;jzpfaeNyD? [kwfygw,f cifAsm? olu usKyfESifh &efjzpfNyD; xGufoGm;?
xGufoGm;ayrJh onftaumif tBuHwpfck &Sdvdrfhr,fqkdwm usKyf&dyfrdw,f? onfawmh rsufpdzGifh em;zGifhNyD;aevkdufwm
bmod&ovJ? onftdrfiSm;NyD; rdef;uav;udk vrf;uaeNyD; BuHpnfr,fqkdwm usKyfod&w,f? olu Munfhjrifwkdif
prf;acsmif;u &Srf;yGJpm; armifazarmifESifh oGm;NyD; yl;aygif;w,fAs? wpfaeUuawmh olwpfacgufvmNyD; usKyfudk
yl;aygif;jyefao;w,f? yl;aygif;ayr,fh onfoli,frudk olUvuftyf&r,fqkd&if usKyftouf q,fjyef aoypfvkduf
r,fAs? NyD;a&m? onfawmh olu Budrf;0g;NyD; jyefoGm;w,f? jyefoGm;NyD;aemuf rkd;ukwfu oHBudK;t&rSm onfuaeU
aemufqHk;aeUyJudk;vkdU olwkdU BuHpnfr,fqkdwm odwmESifh usKyfvJ &xm;awGbmawG iSm;ay;NyD; aemufu pdwfrcsvkdU
vkdufvm? uHaumif;vkdUomyAsm? olU vufcsuf OD;awmhr,fvkdU ? udkif; 'gygyJAsm}
[k ajymvQif armifpH&Sm;vnf; xkdif&mrS xvsuf pBuøavQmufNyD;
]usKyfvJyJ t ygw,fAsm? wbufBuD; acgif;NrD;NcHKw,f qkduwnf;u usKyf &dyfrdzkdU aumif;ygw,f? a[m[kdu
tifpydwfawmfrsm; vmMuNyD? ukdif; OD;vif;? cifAsm;awmh rkdufwkef;u rkdufayr,fh aemufawmh aemifw&wJhtwGuf
tjypfBuD;pGm &r,fr[kwfvSygbl;? ,ck rdef;uav;udk twif;t"r® BuHpnfwJhtxJrSm cifAsm;rygbl;qkdwm
usKyfvkdufNyD; oufaocHzkdU vkd&ifvJ cHygr,f? tppfcHwJh aeUusawmh usKyfudk ajymovkd rSefrSefom ajymwmayghAsm}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUvnf; tusOf;orm;rsm;udk ykvdyfvufodkU tyfvkdufNyD;vQif tdrfokdU jyefvmcJhMuav\/
¤if;trIudk ppfaq;onfhaeUü armifpH&Sm;vnf; oufaovkduf&av&m armiftJ&DrSm axmifoHk;ESpf uscH&í OD;vif;rSmrl
rkdufjypfESifh axmif'PfwpfvrQom uscH&avonf/ rwifOD;rSmrl OD;av;\ tarGtESpfrsm;udk cHpH&vsuf
&nf;pm;armifwifatmifESifh oifhjrwfMuav&m ¤if;wkdU vifr,m;rSm aysmf&Tifcsrf;ajrUpGm aexkdif&vsuf uRefawmfwkdU
aetdrfodkU &Hzef&Hcg vma&mufvnfywfNyD;vQif armifpH&Sm;ESifh uRefawmfhtm;vnf; aiG 300d rQpD tzkd;xkdufwefaom
rkd;ukwfausmufvufpGyfwpfuGif;pD vufaqmiftjzpfESifh ay;urf;av\/
NyD;ygNyD/
______
21/ touftmrcH ukrÜPD trI

wpfaeUoü uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdUonf wkdufa&SU{nfhcef;wGifpum;ajymqkdvsuf &SdMupOf w,fvDzkef;rS
EId;pufusonfESifh armifpH&Sm;onf oGm;a&mufem;axmifNyD;vQif at&Smwpf touftmrcHukrÜPD refae*sm
rpöwmvlw,fu ¤if;tm;wkdifyif&ef udpöuav;wpfck &Sdonfjzpfí tm;vyfygu tvkyfwkdufodkU acwåvma&muf&ef
rSmxm;vkdufaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdav\/
&S m;/ /]b,fhES,fvJ udkodef;armif? vkdufOD;r,f r[kwfvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]pHkaxmufrIqkd&ifawmh vkdufcsifyg&JUAsm? cifAsm;udk toufaygifxm;zkdU w&m;a[mrSjzifh}
&S m;/ /]pdwfcsygAsm? pHkaxmufrIjzpfrSmygyJ? usKyf toufudk taygifxm;zkdU qkd&if tckwavm usKyfrSm &efolawG
aygyHkESifhawmh ig;usyfawmif taygifcHr,f rxifygbl;? udkif; t0wfvJAsm}
uRefawmfwkdUonf touftmrcHukrÜPDwkdufodkU a&mufMuí refae*sm\ tcef;wGif;ü ae&mxkdifcif;ay;í
ukvm;xkdifü toD;oD; xkdifrdMuavvQif t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh
refa e*sm/ /]a&Tawmifwef;u OD;jrESifh OD;vS ukrÜPDu trItaMumif;udk cifAsm; Mum;yD;NyDvm;}
&S m;/ /]pyg;yGJpm;udk OD;jrudk a&ESpfNyD; owfwJh trI r[kwfvm;? owif;pmxJrSmawmh awGUvkdufygw,f}
*sm/ /]onfvkdAs? vGefcJhwJhav;vavmufu OD;jrqkdwJhvlu uREfkyfwkdU ukrÜPDrSm olUtoufudk oHk;aomif;ESifh
taygifxm;w,f? vlBuD;u rkqkd;zkd ? om;wpfa,muf armifcspfaqGwJh &Sdw,f? tu,fí olaocJhvkdU&Sd&if onfaiGudk
armifcspfaqGtm; ay;tyfzkdU pmcsKyfrSmygw,f? vGefcJhwJh vu OD;vSESifh OD;jr[m tvkyfwkdufxJrSm tcsif; jzpfyGm;
Muw,f? yxrawmh wpfa,muf wpfcGef; pum;rsm;Mu&muaeNyD; xkd;vm;Budwfvm; jzpfMuavawmh wkdufxJrSm
&SdwJh {nfhonfawGa&m tvkyform;awGa&m 0kdif;NyD; zsefajzvkduf&w,f}
&S m;/ /]&efjzpfwJh tcgrSm b,folemoGm;ovJ}
*sm/ /]emawmhjzifh OD;jryJ emoGm;w,fvkdU ajymw,f? OD;vSu Avaumif;avawmh vufoD;ESifh xkd;vdkufwm OD;jr[m
Murf;ay:rSm vJoGm;w,fvkdU ajymw,f}
&S m;/ /]ajymygOD;}
*sm/ /]tJ'DnrSmyJ yGJpm;BuD; OD;jr aysmufoGm;ygava&mwJhcifAs? aemufwpfaeU eHeufapmapmusawmhrS armfawmfum;
armif;orm; wpfa,mufu XmemvmNyD; wkdifowJh? olajymyHkawmhjzifh vloHk;a,mufu "m;ajr§mifESifh Ncdrf;ajcmufNyD;
jrpfqdyfudk armif;apowJh? ql;avbk&m; a&qdyfa&mufwJh tcgrSm vlESpfa,mufu usefwpfa,mufukd ayGU,lNyD;
a&xJypfcswmudk oljrifvkduf&owJh}
&S m;/ /]olajymyHk ½kyfvu©Pmudk csifhcsdefNyD; Munfhvkdufawmh yGJpm;BuD; OD;jrESifh wlw,fqkdygawmh}
*sm/ /][kwfw,f? NyD;awmh owif;t& Xmemu ykvdyft&m&Sdrsm;oGm;NyD; a&qdyfrSm pHkprf;jyefawmhvJ vufudkifyk0g
wpfxnfudk &cJhw,f? yk0grSm emrnftwkdaumufvJ ygw,f? armifcspfaqGudk jyjyefawmh olUtaz vufudkifyk0g
ygyJvkdU ajymw,f}
&S m;/ /]OD;jru toufb,favmuf &SdNyDvJ}
*sm/ /]48 ESpf&SdNyD? olUom;u 26 ESpf&SdNyD}
&S m;/ /]b,ft&yfrSm aeovJ}
*sm/ /]aeawmh uefawmfuav;rSm aew,f? tvkyfwkdufuawmh a&Tawmifwef;rSm &Sdw,f}
a&TOa'gif;
&S m;/ /]qkdygOD;Asm}

*sm/ /],ck olUom;armifcspfaqGu ol[m pmcsKyfrSm yg&SdwJhtwkdif; tarGcHtarGpm; jzpfwJhtwGuf ¤if;aiG 30000d udk
ol &xkdufaMumif;ESifh awmif;cHNyD; aew,f? aoaMumif;[muvJ awmfawmf xif&Sm;aeavawmh jiif;y,fEkdifzkdU
awmfawmfyJ cJ,Of;aew,f? okdUaomfvnf; uREkfu ¤if;aiGudk ray;tyfrD auseyfavmufatmif axmufvSrf;pHkprf;NyD;
Munfhvkdw,f}
&S m;/ /]aeOD;As? OD;vSaum b,frSmvJ}
*sm/ /]OD;vSvnf; [kdaeUuxJu wpfcgwnf; aysmufoGm;awmhwmyJ? onfawmh uREfkyfu tu,fí tavmif;udk
rawGUapumrl OD;vSudk zrf;rdNyD; ¤if;owfaMumif; xif&Sm;rSomvQif ¤if;aiGudk ay;tyfzkdU &Sdw,fvkdU xifw,f?
okdUaomf rdonfjzpfap rrdonfjzpfap OD;jr[m wu,fpifppf aoraoudk taotcsm od&atmif cifAsm;
wwfEkdifoavmuf pHkaxmufapvkdw,f OD;pH&Sm;}
&S m;/ /]ykvdyfbufu b,fol pHkaxmufaeovJ}
*sm/ /]pHkaxmuf tifpydwfawmf armiftkef;az pHkaxmufw,fvkdU Mum;w,f? odkUaomfvnf; uREkfyfu olwkdUudk
pdwfrcsonfhtwGuf cifAsm;udk ac:&jcif; jzpfygw,f}
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf OD;jr\ toufudk tmrcHxm;onfhtcgu csKyfqkdí xm;aom pmcsKyfudk awmif;,lí

Munfh½INyD;vQif rdrdwwftm;orQ BudK;pm;tm;xkwfygrnf[k y#dnmOfay;NyD;aemuf uRefawmfESifhtwl xGufvmcJh
Muav\/ XmemodkU a&mufMuaomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf OD;jr\om; armifcspfaqG\ aetdrfeHygwfESifhwuG xdknu
wkdifcsufay;cJhaom armfawmfum;armif;orm;\ trnf? ae&yf wkdUudk ar;jref;rSwf,lcJhav\/
XmemrS xGufvmMuaomtcg uRefawmfwkdUonf a&Tawmifwef;&Sd OD;jrESihf OD;vSukrÜPD tvkyfwkdufokdU
oGm;a&mufMuav&m tvkyfcef;twGif;ü armifcspfaqGESifh tcefUoifhyif awGUqHkMuav\/ uRefawmfwkdU a&mufoGm;
aomtcgü armifcspfaqGonf ¤if;wkdufom;rsm;ESifh OD;jrESifh OD;vSwkdU aysmufqHk;jcif;taMumif;udk ajymqkd wdkifyif
vsuf &Sdonfjzpf&m armifpH&Sm;u rdrd\ trnfudk ajymvkdufonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf armifcspfaqGonf tvkyform;rsm;
udk tcef;jyifodkU xGufapNyD;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUtm; ae&mxkdifcif;ay;av\/
armifcspfaqG qkdolrSm touf 26 ESpfcefU&Sdí ydefydefyg;yg; tom;jzLjzL ESmacgif;cRefcRefESifh jzpfay\/
oGufvufaom trlt&m &Sdonfhjyif rdrd\ zcif aoqHk;onftwGuf pdwfylyifaomaMumifhavavm rod? aerxd
xkdifrxd &Sdvsuf *emrNidrfonfh [efyefvu©Pm &Sdav\/ ukvm;xkdifü toD;oD; xkdifrdMuNyD;aemuf
aqG / /]OD;pH&Sm; udk,fwkdif pHkaxmufr,fqkdwm Mum;&vkdU 0rf;ajrmufvSygw,f cifAsm? wwfEkdiforQ BudK;pm;awmfrlyg?
ukeforQp&dwfudk uRefawmfuyJ cH&cH&? cHygw,fcifAsm? udkif; ar;p&m&Sdwm ar;ygawmh? uRefawmf odoavmufawmh
tukeftpif ajzygr,f cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]OD;jrESifh OD;vS oduRrf;Muwm b,favmufMumoGm;NyDvJ}
aqG / /]uRefawmf i,fi,fuav;u odwmyJ cifAsm? 15 ESpfavmuf &Sdrvm; rqkdEkdifygbl;? tvkyfpyfwl
vkyfMuwmawmh 5 ESpfyJ &Sdygao;w,f}
&S m;/ /]vGefcJhwJh paeaeUu olwdkUESpfa,muf &efjzpfMuw,fvkdU Mum;w,f? onfvkd cPcP &efjzpfwwfovm;}
aqG / /]tvkyfwlwl vkyfMuwJh txJrSm olwkdU ESpfa,mufavmuf &efjzpfwJh vlESpfa,muf udk Mum;yJ rMum;zl;ygbl;
cifAsm? okdUaomfvJ a&S;wkef;uawmh &efjzpfw,f qkdayrJh pum;rsm;MuwmavmufyJ &Sdygw,f? ,ckvkd xkd;vm;
Budwfvm; vufxdvufa&muf qkdvkdUawm honfwpfcgyJ jzpfzl;ygw,f cifAsm? olwkdUESpfa,muf [mvJ wpfa,muf
oabmudk wpfa,muf odMuavawmh rsufESmcsif;qkdif tvkyfvkyfMuw,fvkdU r&Sdbl;cifAs? uRefawmfhzcifu

&efukefNrdKUay:u xkdifNyD; tvkyfvkyfw,f? OD;vSuawmh rsm;aomtm;jzifh awme,f wpfavQmufrSm c&D;oGm;NyD;
tvkyfvkyfavh&Sdygw,f cifAsm? &wJh tjrwfawGudkom wpfa,mufESifh wpfa,muf rom& rem&atmif nDnD
nGwfnGwf cGJa0avh&Sdygw,f}
&S m;/ /]&efjzpfwJhtcgwkdif; b,folu vGefw,fvkdU xifovJ}
aqG / /]uRefawmfh tazuvJ wpfrsdK;yJ cifAs? OD;vSuvJ wpfrsdK;yJ? tazuvJ b,ftcgrqkd pum;ajym&if
wpfzufom; rcHcsifatmif cyfaxhaxhuav; ajymwwfw,fcifAs? odkUaomfvnf; pum;rsm;&if tNidK;rxm;wwfbl;
cifAs? onfae&mwGifjzpf onfae&mwGif aysmufwmyJ cifAsm? OD;vSuawmh wpfcg pdwfqkd;rd&if awmfawmfESifh
pdwfaMuwwfonf r&Sdbl;cifAs? zGJrD;vkd waiGUaiGU avmifwJh pdwfoabmrsdK; cifAs}
&S m;/ /]paeaeUu &efjzpfMuwmu b,ftaMumif;ESifh ywfoufNyD; jzpfMuwmvJ}
aqG / /]uRefawmfwkdUawmh vli,frkdUvkdU a&a&v,fv,fBuD;awmh rod&ygbl;cifAsm? uRefawmf odoavmufrSmawmh
OD;vSESifhqkdifwJhudp¾örSm uRefawmfhtazu 0ifNyD;pGmwJhtwGuf jzpfMu[efwlwmygyJ? wpfa,mufwpfcGef; atmfus,f
atmfus,f ESifh ajymaeMu&mu OD;vSupNyD; uRefawmfhtazudk vufoD;ESifh xkd;vkdufw,f cifAs? xkd;vkdufwkef; ,dkifNyD;
vJoGm;w,fcifAs? ,dkifNyD;vJoGm;&mu uysmu,mxvmNyD; OD;vSudktazuajcaxmufESifhuefw,fcifAs? onfawmhrS
pyg;ukefonf {nfhonfawGa&m pma&;awGa&m uRefawmfa&m tazhudk qGJoluqGJ zsefajzMu&w,fcifAs? 'gawmif
olwkdUu pdwfrausEdkifbJ wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf Budrf;vm;armif;vm; vkyfaeao;w,f cifAs}
&S m;/ /]b,fhES,frsm; Budrf;0g;ovJ}
aqG / /]OD;vSu uRefawmfhtazudk vufoD;ESifh &G,fNyD; rif;vm;uG,f ig rausbl;? odapr,fwJh cifAs}
&S m;/ /]OD;jr aysmufaMumif;udk armif b,fawmh odovJ}
aqG / /]tazu paeaeUnrSm {nfhonfESpfa,mufESifh jynfNrdKUudk vkdufzkdU 8 em&DcGJrSm uGrf;jcHblwm a&mufatmif
vmr,fvkdU ajymNyD; {nfhonfrsm;vnf; tazray:vmavawmh &xm;xGufNyD;rS tdrfjyefvmMuyga&mcifAs}
&S m;/ /]OD;vSESifhaum aemufxyfNyD; awGUao;ovm;}
aqG / /]aemufxyfvkdUawmh rawGU&bl;cifAs? [kdaeUuawmh &efjzpfNyD; xGuftoGm;rSm uRefawmfu wkdufa&SUvkdufNyD;
vlBuD;csif; jzpfwJhtwkdif NyD;NyD;aysmufaysmuf jzpfMuzkdU ajymjyawmh pum;jyefvJ r&bl; cifAs? rIefrIefokefokefESifhyJ
xGufoGm;av&JU}
&S m;/ /]armifhoabmt& OD;jru OD;vSudk owfypfw,fvkdU xifovm;}
aqG / /]xifvJ rxifaumif;ygbl; cifAsm? vGJap z,fap? r[kwfygapESifh? okdYaomfvJ uRefawmfjzifh onftaMumif;udk
pOf;pm;rdwdkif; olyJowfw,fvkdU xifrdwmyJ cifAs}
&S m;/ /]OD;vStaMumif;udk armif odoavmuf ajymjyprf;yg}
xkdtcg armifcspfaqGonf twefi,f pOf;pm;NyD;aemuf

aqG / /]onfvkdyg cifAsm? OD;vSESifh uRefawmfwkdUESifh oduRrf;vmcJhMuwm ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm &Sdwmawmh rSefygw,f?
okdUaomf vlBuD;u tifrwef okdodyfwwfwJh pdwfoabm&SdwJh vlBuD;cifAs? olUtaMumif;udk b,folrS aumif;aumif;
odMuw,fvkdU r&Sdbl;? pum;vJ cyfeJeJ? olUtw¬KywådudkvJ xkwfazmfNyD; ajymwwfwJh 0goem r&Sdbl;vkdU Mum;zl;
ygw,f? okdUaomf b,ft&yfom;jzpfw,f qkdwmudkawmh uRefawmfjzifh rajymwwfEkdifatmif &Sdaeygw,fcifAsm}
a&TOa'gif;
&S m;/ /]&efukefvmwJhtcg b,frSm wnf;ovJ}

aqG / /]trsm;tm;jzifhawmh &GdKif&,f[kdw,frSm wpf&ufESpf&uf wnf;NyD;awmh jyefoGm;wmyJ cifAs? olUtvkyfuvJ
awmrSmcsnf; rsm;ygw,f cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]OD;vS "mwfyHkrsm;udk r&Ekdifbl;vm;}
aqG / /]r&Ekdifbl;cifAs? vljzpfuwnf;u OD;vS[m wpfcgyJ "mwfyHk½kdufcHzl;w,fvkdU ajymoHMum;zl;w,f? 'gawmifrS
olUoabmtavsmuf ½kduf&wm r[kwfbl;wJh? trd&ifcGifxJrSm ajcmufvom;avmufu "mwfyHk½kdufcHzl;w,fvkdU
Mum;zl;w,fcifAs}
&S m;/ /]'gjzihf vlyHkyef; ajymprf;yg armif&,f}
aqG / /]vlBuD;uawmhjzifh xGm;xGm;BudKif;BudKif; wkwfwkwfckdifckdif cGeftm;AvvJ awmfawmfaumif;yHk&w,f cifAs?
acgif;ESifh xdyfem;u qHyifpuav; eJeJjzLNyD cifAs? rsufpduvJ eJeJapGw,f? 0wfyHkpm;yHkuawmh tnmom;
cyfqefqef? [efBuD;yefBuD; r&SdvSbl; cifAs}
&S m;/ /],ckwpfavm OD;vS[m a&S;uxuf pdwfwkdwwfwJh edrdwfvu©Pmrsm; awGU&ovm;}
aqG / /]awGU&w,fcifAs}
&S m;/ /]tvkyftudkifESifh ywfoufNyD; taESmihft,Sufrsm; awGU&vkdUrSwfw,f}
aqG / /]uRefawmfod&oavmufrSmjzifh uRefawmfwkdU tvkyf[mvJ awmfawmfwGifus,fom;yJ As? onftwGufvJ
[kwfr,frxifbl;}
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf armifcspfaqGtm; EIwfqufNyD;vQif uRefawmfwkdUonf wkdufjyifokdU xGufvmcJhMuí

armfawmfum; armif;orm;\ aetdrfokdU oGm;a&mufMuav\/
¤if;aetdrfokdU a&mufvQif wuúpD armif;orm;rSm aeUtm;jzpfojzifhtcefUoifhyifawGU&av&m ¤if;rSm touf 30
ausmf ? t&yfykjywfjywfESifh zswfvwfaom trlt&m &Sdavonf/ trnfrSmum; armifbkd;oD[k ac:wGifav\/
armifpH&Sm;u rnfoljzpfaMumif;udk ajymNyD;aemuf udpöudk ajymjyí xkdnu tjzpftysufudk ar;jref;onfwGif
armifbkd;oDu xkdnwGif rdrdtm; vlwpfa,mufu yJcl;okdU ta&;BuD;aom udpöwpfckESifh vkdufydkU&ef iSm;&rf;ojzifh
oef;acgifausmftcsdefavmufrS &efukefNrdKUodkU jyefía&mufaMumif;? vrf;rawmf jrif;uGif;a[mif;teD;okdU a&mufaom
tcg vloHk;a,mufwdkUonf arSmif&dyfrS ½kwfw&ufxGufvmNyD;vQif um;udk&yfwefU&ef trdefUay;aMumif;? ¤if;u
c&D;yef;vmaomaMumifh rvkdufEkdifaMumif;ajymaomtcg wpfa,mufolu tusÐtdwfrS aiGrsm;udk wcRifcRifjrnfatmif
ykwfíjyNyD; wefzkd;xufoHk;qruydkrkdíay;ygrnf[kajymaMumif;? xkdtcg armifbkd;oDu jiif;qef&ef tm;emonfjzpfí
wufcGifhjyKNyD;vQif ¤if;wkdU um;ay:ü xkdifrdaomtcg rnfonfht&yfodkU armif;ESif&rnfudk ar;jref;aMumif;? ,if;okdU
ar;jref;onfESihf wpfNydKifeuf wpfa,mufaomolu "m;ajr§mifjzifh eHab;odkU ESdyfNyD;vQif ql;avbk&m;vrf; qdyfurf;
wHwm;odkU armif;ESif&ef trdefUay;aMumif;? tu,fí atmfjcif; [pfjcif; jyKvkyfcJhvQif eHMum;okdU "m;ajr§mifoGm; 6
vufrcefU 0ifatmif qHk;rrnf[k Ncdrf;ajcmufaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdaomtcg
&S m;/ /]oHk;a,mufvHk; aumif;aumif;rGefrGef vrf;avQmufEkdifovm;}
oD/ /]cyfi,fi,fESpfa,mufuawmh avQmufEkdifw,f cifAs? cyfBuD;BuD; wpfa,muf[muawmh ,kdifwD;,dkifwkdifESifh
ESpfa,mufu wGJNyD;wif&avawmh uRefawmfu t&ufrl;vmovm;vkdU xifrdayw,f}
&S m;/ /]onfvlawGudk tckjrifvQif rSwfrdyghrvm;}
oD/ /]ESmacgif;wkdU yg;pyfwkdUudk vufudkifyk0gESifh tkyfNyD; pnf;xm;vdkU rsufpdavmufom jrif&w,fcifAs?

aumif;aumif; rrSwfrdaybl;}
&S m;/ /]oHk;a,mufvHk; pnf;xm;ovm;}
oD/ /]ESpfa,mufuom pnf;w,fcifAs? t&ufrl;aewJh vlBuD;uawmh rpnf;bl;cifAs? um;armif;vmMuawmh
"m;ajr§mifESifh vlu uRefawmfESihf twlwl xkdifw,fcifAs? rl;wJhvlBuD;ESifh onfhjyifwpfa,mufu aemufu xkdifw,f
cifAs? um;armif;vmMu&if;vJ olwkdUESpfa,mufu cyfus,fus,fyJ pum;ajymMuw,f cifAs? uRefawmfhtem;rSm
xkdifwJhvlu ieJBuD;awmh onfvkdtqHk;pD&ifvkdufwmyJaumif;w,fa[h wJh? tEkdUrkdU olu cPcP taESmifht,Suf
ay;aewJh cifAs? onfawmhum t&ufrl;BuD;ESifh twlwl xdkifwJh vlu rSefw,fq&m? wpfa,muf tvkyfudk
wpfa,muf raESmifh,Sufwef;vkdU uwdxm;NyD;vsufESifh cPcPvmNyD; qlnHqlnHjzpfatmifvkyfwJh ieJBuD;awmh
aemufwpfcg rqlEkdifatmif pD&ifwmyJaumif;w,fvkdU ajymw,fcifAs? onfawmh uRefawmfhtem;u vlu a[haumif
us,favmifus,favmif rvkyfESifhuG? udprö NyD;cif vlawGodukefrSjzifh 'ku©jzpfukefMuvdrfhr,fvkdU aigufief;NyD;
ajymvkdufawmh [kdvlvJwdwfoGm;a&m cifAs? uRefawmfawmh rSefwmajym&rSmjzifh aMumufNyDaum cifAs? ydkUNyD;vkdU
tdrfjyefNyD;ajy;csifwmavmufom &SdawmhwmyJ}
&S m;/ /]vrf;rSm ykvdyfrsm; bmrsm;ESifh awGUvkdU &yfwefUzkdU rBudK;pm;bl;vm;}
oD/ /]awGUvJrawGUygbl;cifAsm? wu,fvkdU awGU&ifawmif uRefawmfjzifh "m;ajr§mifOD; ESdyfvkdufrSmukd aMumufvGef;vkdU
&yf0Hhr,f r[kwfygbl;cifAsm? 'gESifh ql;avbk&m; a&qdyfem;a&mufawmh um;udk &yfzkdU trdefYay;vkdU &yf&yga&m
cifAs? um;vJ &yfa&m wpfa,mufu uRefawmfhteD;rSm "m;ajr§mifESifh ae&pfNyD; wpfa,mufvlu um;ay:u vlBuD;udk
xrf;NyD; jrpfbufukd avQmufoGm;yga&m cifAs? jrpfxJudk jzKef;ceJ ypfcsvkdufwJh toHudk Mum;awmhrS "m;ajr§mifESifhvlu
udkif; rif;jyefawmh? at; igowday;vkdufyg&JUaemf? ykvdyfrsm;udk wkdifvm; wef;vm; vkyf&ifawmh rif;toufudk
zufESifh xkyfxm;ayawmh vkdU ajymNyD; vTwfvkdufwmESifh uRefawmf um;udk cyfokwfokwf armif;NyD; vmcJhyga&mcifAs}
&S m;/ /]teD;tem;rSm b,folrS r&Sdbl;vm;}
oD/ /]tcsdefu em&DjyefESpfcsufausmfaeavawmh tm;udk;avmufwJh wpfa,mufrS rawGUbl;cifAs? wpfa,mufwpfav
awGUjyefawmhvJ cyfrl;rl; cyf&pf&pfawGyJ awGU&w,f}
&S m;/ /]qkdygOD;}
oD/ /]awmfawmfuav; armif;vmrdawmh onftrI[m {uEÅ vlowfrIyJ ? Xmemudkawmh wkdifOD;rS awmfr,fvkdU
owd&NyD; ausmufwHwm; Xmembuf ½kwfw&uf vSnfharmif;NyD; ykvdyft&m&Sdwpfa,mufudk wkdifcsufay;cJhyga&m
cifAs}
&S m;/ /]ykvdyfrsm;ESifh xkdae&mudk oGm;NyD; &SmMuawmh b,folrS rawGUbl; [kwfp}
oD/ /]wpfa,mufrS rawGUygbl; cifAsm}
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;u t&ufrl;aeaom vlBuD;\ yHkyef;oP²mefudk ar;jref;Munfh½I&m ¤if;rSm pyg;yGJpm;BuD; OD;jrESifh

½kyfvu©Pm wlnDaMumif;od&Sd&av\/ okdU&mwGif ¤if;tm; a&xJokdU ypfcsolESpfa,muf\ toGifudkrl vufudkifyk0g
pD;íxm;ojzifh xif&Sm;pGm rjrifEkdifbJ &Sdaeav\/ okdU&mwGif wpfa,mufaomolrSm xGm;xGm;BudKif;BudKif; &Sdonf[k
ajzqdkaomaMumifh OD;vSyif jzpfacsrnf[k uRefawmf\ pdwfü rSwfxifrdav\/
armfawmfum; armif;orm;\ aetdrfrS xGufvmcJhMuNyD;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUonf OD;vS wnf;cdkaexkdifzl;onfqkdaom
&GdKif&,f[kdw,fokdU oGm;a&mufMuNyD;vQif refae*smESifh awGUqHkar;jref;&m refae*smu ¤if;OD;vSonf vGefcJhonf
ig;ESpfcefUtcgu pí ESpfvvQif wpfBudrf? oHk;vvQif wpfBudrf vma&mufwnf;ckdzl;aMumif;? wpfBudrfvQif oHk;&ufrS
a&TOa'gif;
q,f&ufcefUtxd Mumzl;aMumif;? vGefcJhonfh paeaeUurl av;ig;&ufaeOD;rnf[k ajymNyD;rS ½kwfw&uf

xGufoGm;aMumif;? ¤i;f\ ypönf;uav;rsm;udk ,loGm;í aexkdifonfh tcaiGudkvnf; &Sif;vif;í ay;cJhaMumif;ESifh
ajzqkdav\/ ¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;u OD;vS wnf;ckdí oGm;aom tcef;ü ,cktcg tjcm;{nfhonfrsm; aexkdifvsuf
r&SdcJhygvQif Munfh½IvkdygaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdonfwGif refae*smu we*FaEGaeUuyif ¤if;tcef;ü {nfhonf
bkdwpfa,muf wnf;ckdaexkdifvsuf &Sdojzifh rtm;vyfaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdonfhtcg uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdUrSm
[kdw,frS xGufvmcJhMuav\/
[kdw,frS xGufvmcJhMuNyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf ½kwfw&uf tBuHwpfck &vmonfh vu©PmESifh uefawmfuav;
&yf&Sd armifcspfaqG\ aetdrfokdU oGm;a&mufMujyef&m armifcspfaqGESifh rawGU? ¤if;\ ZeD;jzpfolESifhomvQif awGU&Sd
&av\/ armifpH&Sm;u ¤if;tm; armifcspfaqG tvkyfwkdufrS jyefí rvmao;bl;vm;[k ar;jref;aomtcg
armifcspfaqGrSm vGefcJhonf em&D0ufcefUtwGif;wGif tvkyfwkdufrS ½kwfw&ufjyefvmí ta&;BuD;aom udpöwpfckESifh
c&D;oGm;&ef &Sdojzifh tdyf&mvdyfESifh om;a&aowåmudk tvsiftjref jyifqif,laqmifí xGufoGm;aMumif;ESifh
ajymqkdav\/ rnfonfht&yfokdU xGufoGm;onfukdrl ¤if;\ ZeD;udk,fwkdif rod&Sdatmif jzpfcJhav\/
¤if;\ tdrfrS xGufvmMujyefaomtcg
uRefawmf/ /]b,fhES,fvJ udkpH&Sm;? wu,fqkdawmh armifcspfaqG[m ta0;oGm;zkdU udpö&SdcJhvkdU&Sd&if uRefawmfwkdUESifh
awGUpOfu cifAsm;udk ajymzkdU raumif;bl;vm;Asm}
&S m;/ /]usKyfvJ onf[m pOf;pm;aewmyJ? udkif; okdUaomf olUtvkyfwkduf oGm;vkdufMuOD;pkdUAsm}
uRefawmf/ /]oGm;ayrJh armifcspfaqGrS r&SdbJ ? b,fhES,fvkyfrvJ As}
&S m;/ /]vmom vmygAsm? r&Sdavav aumif;avavaygh}
a&Tawmifwef;&Sd OD;jrESifh OD;vSwkdU\ tvkyfwkdufokdU a&mufMuaomtcg wkdufwGif;ü tjcm;olrsm; r&SdMubJ pma&;

OD;omvl qkdol vlBuD;wpfa,mufomvQif pm;yGJü pma&;vsuf &Sdonfudk awGU&onf jzpf&m armifpH&Sm;onf
rnfonfhyk*d¾KvfrsdK;ESifh rqkd awGUqHkonfhtcgü rdrdtvkd&SdorQudk ray:vQif ay:atmif ar;jref;wwfolwpfa,muf
jzpfonfhtm;avsmfpGm
&S m;/ /]w,fNyD; 0D&d, aumif;yguvm; cifAsm? wkduf&SifawG jyefvkdUawmif rjyefao;bJudk;}
vl/ /]udk,fhudk,HkMunfNyD; vTJtyfxm;cJhwJh tvkyfudk rNyD;pD;rjcif; ae&mu xwwfwJh 0goemr&SdvkdU rNyD;NyD;atmif
vkyfae&ygw,fcifAsm? xkdifMuygOD; ? bmudpövJ cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]jrefrmvlrsdK;tcsif;csif; ukrÜPDzGJUpnf;NyD; vkyfvdkU rjzpfEkdifbl;vkdU vlrsdK;uGJrsm;u uJh&JUaewkef; OD;vSESifh
OD;jrwkdU ,ckvkd jzpfoGm;Mujyefawmh w,fNyD; 0rf;enf;zkdUaumif;oAsm}
vl/ /]0rf;enf;qkd bmajymzkdUaumif;rvJ cifAsm}
&S m;/ /(½kwfw&uf) ]OD;jrudk OD;vSu owfw,fvkdU cifAsm; xifovm;}
vl/ /]xifp&m jzpfaeNyDayghcifAsm}
&S m;/ /]owfcJhvkdU &Sd&if a'gotavsmuf owfwmyJESihfwlyg&JU? tusdK;aus;Zl; arQmfvifhp&mawmh &Sdr,f rxifygbl;}
vl/ /]onfvkdvJ r[kwfvSbl;cifAs? olwdkUtvkyfu pyfwlqkdaomfvJ wpfa,muf aocJhvkdU&Sd&if usefwpfa,mufu
tvkyfudk wpfcgwnf; NcHKNyD; odrf;ydkufpwrf;udk; cifAs}
&S m;/ /]b,fhES,f[kwfEkdifrvJAs? wu,fvkdU OD;jr aoapumrl wGJbufqufcHvkyfr,fh olUom; wpfa,mufvHk; &Sdao;
wmuyJ cifAsm}
vl/ /]armifcspfaqGvm; [m armifcspfaqGu tpkpyfygwm r[kwfbl; cifAs? uRefawmfwkdUvkd pma&;uyJ}
&S m;/ /]onfwkdif;rSef&if armifcspfaqG emaeNyDayghAsm}
vl/ /]olwdkUvkyfyHku awmfawmfxl;qef;w,f cifAs? wpfa,mufao&if usefwpfa,mufu tvkyfudk odrf;,lwef;
pmcsKyfNyD; vkyfMuw,f? armifcspfaqG repfem&atmifvJ wpfrsdK; pDrHjyefw,f}
&S m;/ /]b,fvkdrsm; pDrHygovJ cifAsm}
vl/ /]OD;jr&JUtoufudk aiG 30000d ESifh taygifxm;a&m cifAs? aygifwJhtwGuf touftmrcHukrÜPDudk ay;&wJh
aiGudkawmhtjrwfaiGxJutywfpOfay;oGif;a&mcifAs? wu,fvkdU OD;jru ½kwfw&uf aoqHk;cJhvkdU&Sd&if armifcspfaqGu
aiG 30000d udk,l? OD;vSu tvkyfudk odrf;a&m? onfvkdudk; cifAs}
&S m;/ /]oifhjrwfygayAsm? 'gxuf armifcspfaqG b,fawmhqDavmuf jyefvmygrvJ}
vl/ /]uRefawmf trSef rajymEkdifbl; cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]aus;Zl;wifygw,f Asm? udkif; uRefawmfwkdU oGm;OD;r,f}
¤if;aeUnü armifp&Sm;onf c&D;oGm;awmhrnfh vu©PmESifh om;a&aowåmudk vufqGJí qif;oGm;NyD;vQif ¤if;xHrS

aMu;eef; &&Sdu aMu;eef;wGif yg&Sdonfhtwkdif; vkdufemaqmif&Guf&ef uRefawmftm; rSmxm;cJhav\/
armifpH&Sm; xGufoGm;NyD;onfhaemuf wwd,ajrmufaeUü pHkaxmuf tifpydwfawmf armiftkef;azonf
vlBuD;wpfa,mufESifh tdrfay: okdU wufvmí
az/ /]b,fhES,fvJ udkodef;armif? q&mBuD; rjyefvmao;bl;vm;}
uRefawmf/ /]rjyefvmao;bl;As}
az/ /]OD;jrESifh OD;vS ukrÜPDtrItwGuf vkdufoGm;w,f rSwfw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]olUoabmudkjzifh rajymwwfbl;As? uRefawmfawmh xifwmyJ}
az/ /]a[m'g OD;vSygyJ cifAs}
xkdtcg uRefawmfhrSm yxrü avSmifajymifí ajymjcif;jzpfonf[k xifrSwf&mrS xkdvlBuD;\ ½kyfvu©Pmudk
Munfhvkdufaomtcg uRefawmfMum;&zl;aom OD;vS\ ½kyftoGifESifh wlnDonfjzpfí tHhtm;oifhvsuf &Sdae&av\/
xkdUaemufrS armiftkef;azu tusdK;taMumif;udk ajymjy&m OD;vSonf rdrdtm; ykvdyfbufu &SmazGvsuf &SdaMumif;udk
owif;&&Sdojzifh XmemodkU udk,fwkdifvma&muf tyfESHaMumif;? OD;jrESifh ckduf&efjzpfyGm;NyD;onfhaemuf armifcspfaqGu
roifhrwifh&SdMuonfhtcgwGif wpfa,mufESihfwpfa,mufcGJcGmíaeoifhaMumif;ESifhawmif;yefajymqkdNyD;vQif armfvNrdKif
odkU acwåoGm;a&mufa&Smifwdrf;íae&ef tBuHay;onfhtwkdif; OD;vSu oGm;a&mufaexkdif&aMumif;? xkdNrdKUü aexkdifpOf
OD;jrudk OD;vSu owfjzwfonf[k owif;jzpfyGm;aeaMumif; od&Sd&ojzifh &efukefokdU jyefvnfvma&muf &Sif;vif;rnf
jyKqJwGif vlwpfpkwkdUonf OD;vS\ toufudk ESpfBudrfoHk;BudrfrQ owfjzwf&ef BuHpnfMuaMumif;rsm;ESihf
jyefajymif;ajymqkdav\/
a&TOa'gif;
xkdUjyif OD;jrudk OD;vSu owfjzwfjcif; r[kwfaMumif; xif&Sm;aomfvnf; ¤if;tm; rnfol owfonfudk ,ckwkdif
pHkaxmufí ray:aygufEkdifao;aMumif;rsm;ESifhvnf; ajymqkdNyD;vQif armifpH&Sm; jyefvmonfudkomvQif arQmfvifh
apmifhqkdif; vsuf &SdMuaMumif;ESihf ajymqkdí jyefoGm;Muav\/
¤if;aeUnü uRefawmfonf aMu;eef;wpfapmif&&Sdojzifh zwfMunfh&m ¤if;rSm armifpH&Sm;xHrS jzpfí t"dyÜm,frSm
atmufygtwkdif; jzpfavonf/
]]eufjzef jyef cJ hrnf? ,aeUnae yJ cl ;avmfu,f&xm; BudKyg? q&mruav; wpfa,muf ygcJ hvdrfhrnf? t&yf
cyfjrif hjrifh qHxHk;BuD;BuD; zJpD;BudK;tjym vd yf jym½kyfygwwfonf/ ¤if;udk awGUvQif trSwfrJh rsufajc
rjywfa tmif aemufu vk duf í ae&mt&yf udk rSw fom;xm;ygav}}
aMu;eef;udk zwfNyD;aemuf uRefawmfonf em&DudkMunfhvkduf&m rD;&xm;qkdufcsdef eD;NyDjzpfí ysm,D;ysm,mESifh

blwm½HkokdU xGufvmcJh&av\/ blwmokdU a&mufaomtcg yJcl;avmfu,f&xm;onf qkdufESifhNyDjzpfí c&D;onfwkdUrSm
blwm½HkrS xGufoGm;MuNyD;jzpfojzifh pdwfysufysuf &SdpOf armiftkef;azESihf ½kwfw&ufawGUqHkrd&m
az/ /]pdwfrylygESihfAsm? cifAsmh oli,fr &Sdygw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]b,fu oli,frvJ As}
az/ /]udkpH&Sm; rSmvkdufwJh oli,frav}
uRefawmf/ /]cifAsm; b,fhES,fodovJ}
az/ /]uRefawmfhqDvJ aMu;eef;&vkdUaygh? udkif; vmvm a[m'Du MunfhvSnfh}
[k ajymí 'kwd,wef;pm;yGJcef;odkU ac: oGm;NyD;vQif taygufrS trSwfwrJhjy&m oli,frwpfa,mufonf wpfckaom
pm;yGJü xkdkifum armifpH&Sm; ajymonfhtwkdif; zJBudK;pnf;vsuf vufzuf&nfaomufaeonfudk awGUjrif&av\/
uRefawmfwkdUonf pBuørS apmifhqkdif;vsuf &SdMu&m wpfcPrQ MumvQif oli,fronf rdef;rudkif vufqGJ
om;a&tdwfi,fwpfckudk qGJvsuf tcef;jyifodkU xGufvmí um;wpfpD;ay: okdU wufNyD;vQif armif;ESifoGm;&m
uRefawmfESifh armiftkef;azwkdUvnf; tjcm;um;wpfpD;ESifh aemufrS vkdufMuav\/ 18 vrf;&Sd wkduftdrfwpfckodkU
a&mufaomtcg oli,fronf um;ay:rS qif;oufí um;armif;orm;tm; tcay;í vTwfvkdufNyD;vQif wkdufay:
okdU wufoGm;&m uRefawmfwkdUonf wkdufeHygwfESifh tcef;eHygwfudk rSwfom;NyD;aemuf jyefvmcJhMuav\/ ¤if;aemuf
armiftkef;azonf ykvdyfom;wpfa,mufudk wkdufa&SUrS oGm;a&mufapmifhqkdif;ae&ef apvTwfvdkufav\/
aemufwpfaeUeHeufü uRefawmfwkdU wkdufcef;jywif;aygufrS vrf;bufokdU arQmfMunfh&if; armifpH&Sm;onf
b,ftwGufaMumifh xkdq&mruav;\ aemufodkU uRefawmfwkdUtm; vkduf&ef apckdif;vkdufonfh taMumif;udk
awG;awmpdwful;vsuf&Sd&m armifpH&Sm;onf um;wpfpD;ESifh ysm,D;ysm,m qkdufa&mufvmcJhav\/
wkdufay: odkU a&mufvQif
&S m;/ /]armifcspfaqG a&mufvmNyDAsdKU}
uRefawmf/ /]cifAsm; olUaemuf vkdufaewmvm;}
&S m;/ /]tppfaygh}
uRefawmf/ /]b,fhES,faMumifhvJAs}
&S m;/ /]vmomvmyg aemifawmh odygvdrfhr,f}

uRefawmfonf t0wfrsm;vJvS,fNyD;vQif armifpH&Sm;ESifhtwl um;ESifhvkdufoGm;cJh&m ykvdyfXmemokdU a&mufvQif
armiftkef;azESifh awGUí
az/ /]q&m jyefcJhNyDvm;? b,fhES,fvJ ae&musvm; q&m}
&S m;/ /]pdwfcsyg ? cifAsm;vl wkdufa&SUrSm apmifhae&JUaemf}
az/ /]apmifhaeygw,f q&m}
&S m;/ /]udkif; 'gjzifh oGm;pkdUAsm? vmayawmh}
18 vrf;&Sd ,cifu wkdufa&SUokdUa&mufMuaomtcg ,cifu ykvdyfom;onf reD;ra0;rS t&yf0wf t&yfpm;ESihf

apmifhqkdif;vsuf &Sdonfudk awGU&SdMu&onfjzpf&m armifpH&Sm; acgif;ndwfí jyNyD;aemuf um;ukd vTwfvkdufav\/
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUonf q&mruav; wufoGm;aom wkdufay: okdU jznf;nif;pGm wufoGm;MuNyD;vQif
wpfckaom tcef;rS acsmif;ajrmif; em;axmifMuav&m
armifcspfaqGtoH/ /]OD;vS a&mufaeNyDqkdyJ? wpfcgjzifh cufMuNyD xifw,f}
q&mr\toH/ /]&SifwkdU[m b,fhES,ftBuHvJ}
wwd,toH/ /]aeprf;yguG,f? rif;u b,hfES,faMumifh rokwfoifEkdifovJ}
armifcspfaqGtoH/ /]oHk;cgawmif BudK;pm;wmyJ? tazhukokdvfuH udku}
xkdcPü armifpH&Sm;onf tcef;wHcg;udk acgufNyD;vQif ukvm;toHvkd twkcdk;í [dE´LpwefeDbmomjzifh ]wm;vf
qm[pf} (aMu;eef;a&mufw,f) [k ajymvkduf&m uRefawmfwkdUonf ajcoHrsm;udk Mum;&NyD;aemuf wHcg;onf
½kwfw&uf yGifhvmí q&mruav;onf wkdufjyifokdU xGufvmav\/
uRefawmfwkdU vlpkudk jrifaomtcg q&mruav;onf rsufESmysufí oGm;NyD;vQif wHcg;udk ydwfawmhrnf
jyKaomfvnf; armiftkef;azonf wHcg;Mum;ü 'l;oGif;NyD;jzpfaomaMumifh wHcg;udk zGifhNyD;vQif tcef;xJokdU
0ifoGm;Mu&m uRefawmfwkdUvnf; aemufrS vkdufoGm;Muav\/
tcef;wGif;odkU a&mufaomtcg vlwpfa,mufrQ rawGU&bJ&Sd&m armifpH&Sm;onf AD½dkwpfckem;odkU oGm;í wHcg;udk
zGifhvkdufonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf armifcspfaqG ay:vmcJhav\/ ¤if;udk qGJíxkwfvkdufvQif ¤if;\aemufrS
vlBuD;wpfa,muf ay:vmjyefav\/
&S m;/ /]w,fÓPfrsm;wJh om;tzESpfa,mufyJ vmMu vmMu}
az/ /]OD;jrvm; q&m}
&S m;/ /]tppfayghAs}
uRefawmf/ /]'gjzifh OD;jr raobl;aygh}
&S m;/ /]b,fu ao&rSmvJAsm? a&xJ ypfcsjcif;jyKNyD; jyefwufvmwmaygh? aiG 30000d &vkdrItwGuf ÓPfxkwf
&&SmwmayghAs}
XmemokdU a&mufMuaomtcg armifpH&Sm;u om;tzESpfa,muftm; acsmharmhar;jref;aomfvnf; ajzmifhcsuf ray;MuvJ
&SdaeMuonfwGif armifpH&Sm;u
a&TOa'gif;
&S m;/ /]udkif; udkif;? cifAsm;wkdUu rajymcsif&if usKyfu ajymjy&rSmayghAsm? cifAsm;wkdUrSm wpfpHkwpfck
twGufaiGMuyfua&m? aiGMuyfawmh OD;jru toufudk 30000d ESifh taygifxm;a&m? OD;vSudk &efrjzpf jzpfatmif
pa&m? &efjzpfwJhaeU nrSmyJ armfawmfum;wpfpD;udk ac:NyD; OD;jrudk a&xJ ypfcsjcif;jyKa&m? armfawmfum;
armif;orm;u wu,frSwfvkdU wkdifcsufay;a&m? ykvdyfu OD;vS owfw,fvkdU xifa&m? OD;vSudkawmh wpfenf;enf;
ESifh jyKwfatmifBuHMua&m ? BuHayr,fh usKyfu tem;u apmifhaewJhtwGuf cifAsm;wkdU tBuHratmifbl;? onfvkd
r[kwfvm;Asm]
aqG / /][kwfygw,f}
&S m;/ /]q&mru armifh r,m;i,f r[kwfvm;}
aqG / /]rSefygw,f? ol aiGqmwJhtwGuf uRefawmfwkdU om;tz 'ku© a&muf&wmygyJ cifAsm}
xkdtrIudk ppfaq;onfh tcg armifpH&Sm;u oem;ojzifh [kwfoavmuf tppfrcHbJ azmhíxGufqkdonf
jzpfaomaMumihf om;tz ESpfa,mufwkdUrSm axmif'Pftenf;i,frQom uscHMu&avownf;/
NyD;ygNyD/
______
22/ armifpH&Sm;ESifh xl;qef;aom tdk;jcrf;yJY txdrf;trSwftrI

waeYaomeHeufcif; tcsdefü uRefawmf\rdwfaqGMuD;armifpH&Sm;onf pmwdkufrS&aom pmrsm;udkzGifYí zwfaepOf
uRefawmfrSm teD;rSowif;pmwapmifudk zwf½Ivsuf&Sd&m armifpH&Sm;u ½kwfw&uf &,farmvdkufom toHudk
Mum;onfESifh
uRefawmf/ / ]bmrsm;oabmusaevdkYvJAs? udkpH&Sm;&JY}
&S m;/ / ]pufuav;wdkYvlpku usKyfudkaoaMumif;BuHaew,fwJYAs/ rwifjrifYu owday;vdkuf&Smw,f/}
uRefawmf/ / ]b,f rwifjrifYvJ/ qdk;aywdkY toif;xJu rwifjrifYvm;/}
&S m;/ / ]tppfyJ udkodef;armif/ rwifjrifYav;wa,mufu uHZmwmraumif;&SmvdkY vlqdk;awGeJY aygif;oif;jyD; ae&&Sm
ayr,fY usKyfwdkYtay:rSm tifrwef arwåm xm;jyD; vlqdk;rsm;u usKyftoufudkvkyfBuHr,fowif;&wdkif; owday;&Sm
w,fAs? a&mY a&mY olYpmudk cifAsm;zwfMunfYprf;ygOD;Asm/}
[kajymí pmwapmifudk uRefawmfYtm;vSrf;ay;&m atmufygtwdkif;awGY&Sd&av\/
rnfonfYudpöES ifYrQ om,mukef ;&GmodkY rvmygESifY/ pufuav;wdkYu OD;pH&Sm;udk 4if;&G mü tqHk;pD&if &ef
BuHaeMuygonf/
rwif jrif Y
uRefawmf/ / ]om,mukef;&Gmqdkwmb,frSmvJAs/}
&S m;/ / ]qdkEdkifbl;av/ usKyfvJrMum;zl;bl;/ oGm;p&mudpövJr&Sdygbl;/ odkYaomf tcGifYay:vdkY&Sd&ifvJ oGm;&rSm aygh
av/ vlqdk;qdkwm usKyfvdkvludk aoaMumif;BuHpnfr,fqdkwm r,HkMunfp&mr[kwfaybl;aygY/ odkYaomf olwdkY
aMumufvdkY roGm;& rvm&bl;qdk&if cufrukefbl;vm;Asm/}
]cufwmawmY bmajymp&m&SdovJq&m? tifrwefcufaewmaygY}

[kajymoHMum;ojzifYuRefawmfwdkYESpfa,mufonf wHcg;qDodkYarmfíMunfYMu&m tifpydwfawmfarmiftkef;azonf
tcef;wGif;odkY0ifí vmav\/
&S m;/ / ]cifAsm;u bmcufvmjyefjyDvJ? "g;jyrIvm;/}
az/ / ]vlowfrIq&ma&h? awmfawmfMuyfwJY vlowfrIyJ/}
&S m;/ / ]b,fvrf;rSmvJ}
az/ / ]18vrf;rSmyJq&m/ vlwa,mufu wdkufcef;iSm;jyD;aeowJh? wvapYvdkY '&0rfu wdkufvc awmif;r,f vdkY
oGm;awmh tdrf&SifvJrawGY wdkufcef;xJrSm vlwa,muf avmavmvwfvwfaojyD;aewmudkawGY&owJY/ wdkuf&Sif
ukvm;uajymawmY olYwdkufcef;udkiSm;wJYvl[m ykyk00 tom;jzLjzLwJYq&m/ aowJYvlu ydefydef&Snf&Snf tom;
ndKndK wJY q&m&Jh}
&S m;/ / ]tdrf&Sif jyefrvmyHkaxmufawmY oluyJowfyHkay:wmaygYav/ odkYaomf &efukefjrdKUay:rSm ykyk00 tom;
jzLjzLawGaygavawmY &SmzdkY&m tMuyfom;uvm;}
a&TOa'gif;
az/ / ]'gaMumifUq&mYqDuRefawmfajy;vmwmaygYq&m/ tm;vyfvdkY&Sd&if wqdwfavmufvdkufcJYygOD;q&m/}

4if;aemuf uRefawmfESifY armifpH&Sm;wdkYonf armiftkef;azESifYtwl 18vrf;odkY armfawmfum;wpD;ESifYxGufcJYMu&m
wckaom oHk;xyfwdkufa&SYü um;udk&yfjyD;aemuftavmif;&Sd&m 'kwd,txyfodkYwufMuav\/ tcef;wGif;odkY
0ifrdMuvQif ukvm;xdkif tusdK;tyJY ESpfck? pm;yGJ0dkif;uav;wck? &GufzsifukwifwckjzifYom pkyfEkyfpGmcif;usif;í
xm;aom{nfYcef;twGif; Murf;jyifay:wGif vlwa,mufonf &if0wGif "g;ajr§mifwef;vef;ESifY yufvufvefum
aovsuf&SdonfudkawGY&av\/ rsufESmxm;rSmvJ wnfjidrfat;csrf;pGmr&SdbJ raMurcsrf; rqefYrjyJ touf xGuf&
&SmojzifY okefrIHum&Sdae&um; rsm;pGmaMumuf&GHUzG,faumif;vSay\/ tavmif;udkaocsmpGmMunfYjyD;aemuf
&S m;/ / ]'Dtcef;xJudkb,fol0ifMuao;vJ}

az/ / ]uRefawmf&,f wdkuf&Sifukvm;&,f '&0rf&,f 'gyJ0ifygw,fq&m}
&S m;/ / ]ajc&mcHMunfY&atmifuvJ wdkuf&Sifukvm;eJY '&0rf&Jah jc&mudk usKyfrjrifzl;awmY tcufom;jzpfaejyDAsdKY/
odkYaomf aool[m b,fvdkvlpm;jzpfw,fqdkwm tavmif;udkyJaoaocsmcsmMunfY&awmYrSmyJAsm}
[kajymí armifpH&Sm;onf tavmif;\ ajcvuft*FgponfwdkYESifY tusÐtdwfrsm;udkvSefavSmMunfY½Iavonf/
aoolrSm armiftkef;azajymonfYtwdkif; ydefydef&Snf&Snfjzpfav&m a,mvHkcsnfwywf&pf? ouúvyf tusÐteuf?
aemufydwfzdeyf tndKa&mif? acgif;aygif; tkyfaygif; cyfapmif;apmif;ESifY&Sdae&Smav\/
armifpH&Sm;onf tavmif;\ tusÐtwGif;&Sdypönf;rsm;udkEdIufxkwfMunfY½I&m 4if;wdkYrSm vufudkifyk0gwxnf?
ydkvdkpD;u&ufbl; wpfbl;? rD;jcpfbl; wpfvHk;? aiGoHk;usyfESifY rl;apY rwfapY 12yJrQomjzpfavonf/ vufudkifyk0g
ESifYtwl jymtenf;i,fuyfíygvmonfudkjrifojzifY armifpH&Sm;onf tusÐtdwfudkvSefavSm MunfY½Iav&m twGif;rS
pD;u&ufjymESifYwlaom jymrIefwdkYonf xGufay:ívmav\/ 4if;aemuf
&S m;/ / ]tif; ... w,fcsnf;yJawmYjzifYrodEdkifbl;AsdKY? odkYaomf awmfawmfwefwefavmufjzifY tuJcwfEdkifzdkY&Sdyg&JY}

az/ / ]bmrsm;tuJcwfEdkifvJq&m? Mum;yg&ap}
&S m;/ / ]aool[mvufESdyfpuf½kdufjcif;tm;jzifY toufarG;wJY pma&;wa,mufjzpf[efwlw,f/ vufESdyfpuf
½dkufwwfaomfjim;vnf; ausmif;xGufr[kwf rdrdbmomavYusifYjcif;tm;jzifY wwfajrmufjyD; vctenf;i,fESifY
vkyfudkif&[ef&Sdw,f/ ydkufqHaMu;aiG Muyfwnf;wJYtwGuf acRwmoHk;pGJwJY tavYtusifYvJ&Sd[efwlw,f/
awmfawmfapYapYpyfpyf&SdwJY om;r,m;vJ&Sd[efwlw,f}
az/ / ]'Davmufqdk&ifyJvGefaejyDaum q&m? wqdwfavmuf&Sif;vif;jyD; jyygOD; q&m}
&S m;/ / ]usKyfuazmfjyD;ajymwmawmif cifAsm;rawG;rdao;bl;vm;/ onfvdkAs? aool&Jhvufxdyfav;awGudk MunfYprf;?
vuf0Jbufu vufcv,fESifYvufñdI;? vuf,mbufu vufñdI;? vufcv,f? vufolMuG,f wdkYrSm vufxdyf
uav;awG rmraebl;vm;? [kwfp}
az/ / ]rSefygw,fq&m? 'gaMumifU vufESdyfpuf½dkufjcif;jzifY toufarG;aMumif;awmY xif&Sm;ygjyD/ odkYaomf
ausmif;xGufr[kwfaMumif;uaum q&m}
&S m;/ / ]vufESdyfpufoifwJYausmif;qdk&if vuf0Jbufaum vuf,mbufaum vufig;acsmif;pvHk; ½dkufwwf
atmifoif&w,fAs/ 'Dvluawmh olYzmomavYusifYjyD;wwfwJYtwGuf wbufuoHk;acsmif; wbufu ESpfacsmif; om
toHk;jyKwwfw,f}
az/ / ]aumif;ygw,fq&m/ EdkY acRwmoHk;pGJwwfwmuaumq&m}

&S m;/ / ]olYtdwfxJu jymawG awGYw,fr[kwfvm;/ onf[mwjcm;r[kwf pD;u&ufjymawGAs/ b,fES,fYaMumifh
olYtdwfxJa&mufae&owJYvJ? pD;u&ufudk w0ufavmufaomufjyD; usefwJYtwdkuav;udk rD;jidrf;jyD; tdwfxJrSm
xnfhwwfwJY tusifY&Sdw,fvdkY usKyfqdkw,f}
az/ / ]apYapYpyfpyf&SdwJY om;r,m;&dSyHkuaum q&m}
&S m;/ / ]olY&SyftusÐMunfYprf;? atmufqHk;u tusÐoD;[m onfYjyif toD;awGeJYrwlbl;/ aemufrS wyfxm;wJY
toD;As/ oHk;oD;u cyfjzLjzL? wpfoD;u cyfndKndK&Sdaew,f/ rapYpyfwJY rdef;rqdk&if &SyftusÐoD;jyKwf&if
wyfazmfr&bl;As? jyD;awmY olYvufudkifyk0gudkMunfYprf;? rD;avmifaygufavawmY tyfcsnfuav;eJY ,ufjyD;
zmxm;wmawGYw,fr[kwfvm;}
az/ / ]rSefygw,f q&m}
&S m;/ / ]tJ'g[mvJ apYpyfwJY rdef;rwa,muf&JY vuf&mAs}
uRefawmf/ / ]&Sif;ygayhAsm/ jrifvJjrifwwfygw,f}
&S m;/ / ]udkif; udktkef;az? owfwJYvludkawGYcsif&if aool[mb,foljzpfw,fqdkwm a&S;OD;pGmpHkaxmufjyD;rS
b,foleJY&efp&Sdw,fqdkwmodEdkifwmudk;As/ onfawmYaoolYtaMumif;od&atmif tvkyfwdkufawGrSm avQmufjyD;
pHkaxmufacsayawmYAsm/ cifAsm; tavmif;MuD;vJ aq;½HkudkydkYvdkufawmY? usKyfwdkYjyefOD;r,f}
xdkYaemufESpf&ufcefUMumvwfaomf armifpH&Sm;onf wdkufcef;twGif;ü &efukefa*Zuf owif;pmudkzwf½I&mrS

&S m;/ / ]udkodef;armifMunfYprf;AsdKY? usKyfwdkYvlawGYjyDxifw,f}
[kajymí owif;pmudkuRefawmYtm;ay;vdkuf&m owif;pmü tvkyfvpfvyfaomae&m aMumfjimonfY tydkif;wGif
atmufygt"dyÜm,ftwdkif;awGY&Sd&avonf/
vufES dyfpuf ½dkufwwfolwa,muf tjreft vdk&S donf/ tvkyf rSm tNrJ [lí rk csrqdk / xd ka e&mü vkyf udkif
aeaomoljyef v mcJ YvQif vk yfud kifo rQ&ufu dk &S if ;vif ;í ay;rnf/ tu,fí xd kol jyef rvmcJYvQif
tvkyfudkauseyfu tNrJwef; cefYxm;vdrfYrnf/
tDZ&m? refae*sm?
'gv[dk ZDv rf;? ukefpHk qd kifMuD ;/
4if;aemuf uRefawmfESifYarmifpH&Sm;wdkYonf t0wfrsm;vJvS,fí tqdkygqdkifMuD;odkY oGm;a&mufMuav\/

qdkifwGif;odkYa&mufvQif ukvm;pma&;wa,mufu refae*smESifYawGYvdkvQif acwåårQ qdkif;iHY&efajymqdkav&m
&S m;/ / ]aeygapuG,f? udpö ta&;rMuD;vSygbl;/ aeygOD;uG,f? 'DwdkufrSm t&ifu vufESdyfpuf tvkyf
vkyfwJYvlwa,muf&Sdygw,f/ udkbpHwJYr[kwfvm;}
pma&;/ / ]udkbpHvdkYawmYr&Sdbl;? udkb&SifqdkwmawmYvkyfzl;w,f}
&S m;/ / ]ydefydef&Snf&Snf tom;cyfndKndKav}
a&TOa'gif;
pma&;/ / ][kwfw,fqyf? tckb,foGm;w,frodbl;? rvmwm oHk;av;&uf&SdoGm;jyD? olrvmwm uRefawmf tm;MuD;

'ku© a&mufw,f}
&S m;/ / ]ol&Sdwkef;u vlwa,muf tom;jzLjzLwa,muf cPcP rvmbl;vm;}
pma&;/ / ][m cPcP vmw,fqyf? b&m;qyfu [dkaeUu {nfYonfawGvufrcH&bl; ajymvdkufawmY olvJ
rvmawmYbl;/ udkb&SifvJaysmufoGm;a&m}
&S m;/ / ]'Dvl vmwJYtcg bmpum;rsm;ajymwwfMuovJ? rMum;rdbl;vm;}
pma&;/ / ]bmajymw,fuRefawmfrodbl;? wdk;wdk; wdk;wdk; tm;MuD;ajymMuw,f? [dkvlu wHcg;aygufuaejyD;
we*FaEGaeY om,mukef;udkvmcJYOD;aemfvdkY rSmoGm;wmuRefawmfMum;vdkuf&w,f}
xdktcgarmifpH&Sm;onf om,mukef;[laom trnfudk Mum;&ojzifY uRefawmfYtm;vSnfYíMunfYjyD;aemuf

&S m;/ / ]onfwdkufrSm bmypönf;rsm;aysmufovJ}
pma&;/ / ][dkaeYu rD;cHaowåmaomYrSm za,mif;awGuyfaewmudk b&m;qyfu jrifvdkY rouFmwmeJY &SdwJYaiGudk
bPfydkYvdkufw,fqyf? bmrS raysmufbl;xifw,f qyf}
4if;aemufarmifpH&Sm;onf ukvm;pma&;uav;tm; aus;Zl;wifaMumif;ajymí wdkufwGif;rSxGufvmcJYMu&m vrf;c&D;

wGif
&S m;/ / ]usKyfxifwJY twdkif;ygyJAsm? tvkyfwdkuf oHaowåmaomYudk b&Sifu za,mif;yHkESdyfjyD; ykyk00vludkay;?
[dkvlunvmjyD;aowåmudk zGifYtMunfYrSm olvdkwmrawGY&avawmY nm&rvm;vdkY tqHk;pD&ifvdkuf[efwlw,f}
uRefawmf/ / ]'geJYwlw,f? odkYaomf om,mukef;&GmqdkwJY pum;u xl;vSacsuvm;Asm? rwifjrifYu cifAsm;udk
owday;xm;wmuvJ om,mukef;? ,ckvJyJ om,mukef;ygyJvm;? rawmfwqwlava&mYovm;Asm}
&S m;/ / ]rawmfwqr[kwfbl; udkodef;armif? ykyk00 tom;jzLjzLqdkwmwjcm;olr[kwfbl;? usKyfwdkY pufuav;

qdkwJY taumifyJAs? udkif; udkodef;armif 'Dtaumif 'DwcgawmYrdatmifzrf;&r,f/ om,mukef; qdkwm b,frSm
&Sdw,fawmYrqdkEdkifbl;/ ajryHkxJrSm&SmjyD;vdkufMu&vdrfYr,f}
aetdrfodkYa&mufMuaomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf jrefrmjynfajryHkMuD;ü om,mukef;[laomtrnfudk&SmazG&m rawGY

onfESifY 'dpMwdwfwckpD yHkMuD;csJYí ½dkufESdyfxm;aom ajryHkrsm;udkwckpD jzefYí&Smav\/ aemufqHk;ü ykodrf
'dpMwdwftwGif; wckaomacsmif;i,f\ urf;yg;ay:wGif om,mukef;[laom&GmtrnfudkawGY&SdavvQif
&S m;/ / ]udkif; udkodef;armif ypönf;uav;rsm;jyifqifayawmY? tjrefoabFmESifY ,aeYn usKyfwdkYvdkufMu& vdrfYr,f}
uRefawmfwdkYonf ykodrfjrdKYrSwzef orÁmefwpif;iSm;jyD;aemuf om,mukef;&GmodkYa&mufMuavvQif 4if;&GmrSm wHig&Gm

uav;rQjzpfí tdrfajcig;q,fcefYrQomvQif&Sdacs\/ armifpH&Sm;rSm ta&;MuKHonfYtcgütoHk;jyK&ef txnftvdyfrsm;
0,fcsrf;xm;onfjzpfí uRefawmfwdkYESpfa,mufonf txnfonfrsm;tjzpfESifY &GmolMuD;tdrfodkY oGm;a&muf wnf;cdk

Muav\/
uRefawmfwdkUqdkufa&mufaom tcsdefonfum; n8em&Dausmftcsdefjzpfav&m xdk&Gmü tjidrfYyGJwyGJ wD;rIwfvsuf&Sd\/
4if;yGJrSm r*FvmaqmifyGJ jzpfaMumif;Mum;od&jyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;u &GmolMuD;tm; &efukefjrdKYrS tjcm;{nfYonfrsm;
qdkufa&mufvsuf&Sdaeygoavm[k ar;jref;onfwGif tbdk;MuD;wa,mufESifY ZeD;i,fi,fonf wtdrfüvnf;aumif;?
w½kwfujym; wa,mufonf tjcm;wtdrfüvnf;aumif; qdkufa&muf vsuf&SdaMumif;? 4if;wdkUrSm ig;&Hhajcmufrsm;
0,f,l&ef vmMuaMumif;ESifY Mum;od&aMumif;udk jyefajymav\/
xdknOfYü uRefawmfrSm orÁmefay:ü ½kwfw&uf tat;rdojzifY csrf;pdrfYpdrfYjzpfjyD;vQif OD;acgif;udkufonfY a0'em
pGJuyfvsuf&Sdav&um; armifpH&Sm;ESifY twl rvdkufygEdkifbJ tdrfü usef&pfcJYav&m atmufygtjzpftysufrsm;rSm
armifpH&Sm;u jyefajymif;ajymjy ojzifY od&Sd&aom tjcif;t&mrsm;omjzpfay\/
armifpH&Sm;onf uRefawmfYtm;uGDEkdifaq;wcGufudk wdkufcJYjyD;aemuf tjidrfYyGJodkY xGufoGm;av&m rkefY[if;cg;
qdkifteD;wGif tbdk;MuD;wa,mufESifY ½kwfw&ufwdkufrdojzifY tbdk;MuD;u rdrdrSm rsufpdrIefonfjzpfojzifY
rawmfwqwdkufrdonfjzpfaMumif; wkefwkef&D&D ajymqdkum xGufoGm;av\/ armifpH&Sm;vJ 4if;tbdk;MuD;udk
rjrifzl;aomfvnf; toHudk Mum;zl;onf xifrSwfí awG;awmygaomfvnf; ray:EdkifbJ &Sdav\/ odkY&mwGif
þolum; igodzl;aomolyifjzpf&rnf[k rausreyfjzpfonfESifY armifpH&Sm;onf tbdk;MuD;\ t&dyftuJudk
reD;ra0;rS acsmif;ajrmif;tuJcwfvsuf&Sdav\/ em&Dw0ufcefYrQ Mumvwfaomf tbdk;MuD;onf yGJjyifodkY
xGufoGm;jyD;aemuf a&qdyf&Sd&modkY oGm;av&m armifpH&Sm;vJ rvSrf;rurf;rS trSwfrJYvdkufoGm;av\/
xdknOfYonfum; vqef;13&ufn jzpfojzifY va&mifrSmaumif;pGm xGef;vif;vsuf&Sd&m? tbdk;MuD;onf
a&qdyfteD;odkY a&mufaomtcg awmifajrmufav;yg;udkMunfYjyD;aemuf rnfolYudkrQ rjrifonfESifh
ukef;íxm;aomcg;udk wnfYrwfpGm&yfvdkufonfESifY wjydKifeuf armifpH&Sm;u teD;odkYcsOf;uyfí ]rD;wpfwdkY avmuf
ay;prf;Asm udkqdk;ay} [kajymvdkufonfwGif xdkolonf aq;vdyfwdkudk vTwfí csavmufatmif tHYMo oGm;avonf/
taMumif;rlum; xdkolonf tjcm;r[kwf? &efukefjrdKUay:ü wdkufazmufrItMudrfMudrf? vk,ufrItcgcg? jyefay;rI
aygif;rsm;pGm usL;vGefcJYzl;í ykvdyfwdkYzrf;qD;rrdEdkifaom vlqdk;MuD; qdk;ay yifjzpfaomaMumifYaywnf;/
&S m;/ / ]onfavmufawmifwkefvIyf&ovm;uGJY qdk;ay&JY}

ay/ / ]uRefawmfvefYoGm;wmu zrf;rSmudk vefUwm r[kwfygbl;q&m? b,folrSr&Sdbl; rSwfaewkef; jzKef;ceJ
q&mYtoHMum;vdkuf&vdkY vefYjcif;jzpfygw,f q&m}
&S m;/ / ]udkif; qdk;ay? 'Dwcg rif;eJYig awGYMua&maygY}
ay/ / ]ckeuvJ rkefYqdkifem;rSmwcgawGYcJY jyD;jyDaum q&m}
&S m;/ / ]udkif; qdk;ay? tomwMunf tzrf;cHrvm;? vufeufeJY jcdrf;ajcmuf&OD;rSmvm;}
ay/ / ]wefygq&m/ vlyg;csif;yJ? q&mYrSmvufeufyg&if uRefawmfYudk csdefxm;wm MumvSjyD}
armifpH&Sm;rSm yGJodkYacwå tysif;ajy oGm;a&mufjcif; jzpfaomaMumifY aqmifjrJjzpfaom ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewf

rygbJ&SdcJYav\/ xdktcg armifpH&Sm;vnf; ½kwfw&ufcsOf;uyfí qdk;ay\vufESpfbufudk csKyfaESmifrnfjyK&m
qdk;ayvnf; aemufodkYjzwfceJqkwfjyD;vQif
a&TOa'gif;
ay/ / ]'DvdkawmY tacsmifrtkyfygeJY q&m? q&mvufeufrygbl;/ uRefawmfYrSmvJ "g;ajr§mifawmY ygyg&JY? EdkYayr,fY

q&mu vufa0SYxdk;aumif;vSw,fvdkYMum;zl;w,f? wcsDwyGJprf;MupdkYvm;q&m? vuav;u aumif;oESifY}
qdk;ayqdkolrSm qdk;oGrf;aomvlwa,muf jzpfvifYupm; armifpH&Sm;tm; rsm;pGm½dkao udkif;nTwfjcif;&Sdvsuf vufa0SY

owfaumif;wa,mufjzpfcJY&m emrnfausmfMum;vSaom armifpH&Sm;ESifY vufoD;csif;qdkif&aomf tvGefaysmf&TifzG,f
aumif;pGwum;[k atmufarY[ef vu©PmESifY rdrd\"g;ajr§mifudk ta0;odkYypfvdkufav\/ armifpH&Sm;vJ
]abmufqif} xdk;jcif;ü uRrf;usifaomvlwa,muf jzpfav&m "g;ajr§mifESifYrckcHyJ vufoD;csif;qdkifvdkaom vlqdk;udk
vufoD;csif;yif tEdkif&atmif zrf;acstHY[k tusÐudkcRwfav\/ qdk;ayvnf; xdkenf;twl tay: tusÐudk
cRwfav\/
xdkvufa0SYyGJrSm vlausmfESpfa,muf\ vufa0SYyGJ jzpf&um; uRefawmfudk,fwdkif rjrifvdkuf&onfudk rsm;pGm
0rf;enf;rdyg\/
xdkolESpfa,mufwdkYonf tusÐrsm;udk cRwfMujyD;aemuf wa,mufrsufESmudk wa,muf apYapYMunfYum oHk;puúefYrQ
&SdaeMu&m armifpH&Sm;rSm t&yfjrifY\/ uspfvpfaom udk,fayguf&Sd\/ t*Fvdyfvufa0SY jrefrmYvufa0SY ESpfckvHk;ü
usifvnf\/ qdk;ayrSmum; awmifYwif;rmaMumaom udk,fvHk;&Sd\/ cGeftm;vnf;MuD;ojzifY vufoD;jyif;\/ t&yf
tenf;i,fedrfYaomfvnf; t&G,fi,fojzifY tpkpkaygif;vdkufaomf nDrQ½HkrQjzpfí wOD;xuf wOD; tqrwef
omvGefjcif;r&Sday/ ESpfbufvHk;yif MudKufavmufay\/
&ifqdkif&yfaeMujyD;aemuf qdk;ayu a&S;OD;pGm b,fvufoD;udkvTwfvdkuf&m armifpH&Sm;rSm rsufawmifrQrcwf&ao;rD
ezl;odkYxdoGm;av\/ b,fvufoD;pGJojzifY qdk;ayonf b,fa&mnmyg qufcgqufcg oGif;av&m qdk;ay\
vufoD;oHk;csufudk armifpH&Sm;u wcsufrQom jyefí xdk;Edkif\/ qdk;ayonf tvGefvsifjrefonfYtwdkif; armifpH&Sm;
udk ywfcsmvSnfYjyD;vQif vuf0JjzifY eHab;odkYvnf;aumif;? vuf,mjzifY rsufESmodkYvnf;aumif; AvayG½Iyfatmif
vufoD;rdk;&Gmav&m armifpH&Sm;rSm wcsuf wcsufrQ omvsifxdk;í qdk;ay\vufoD;rsm;udk acgif;iHkYí vnf;aumif;?
aemufodkYajcwvSrf;qkwfí vnf;aumif;? eHab;odkY ½kwfw&uf wdrf;z,fívnf;aumif; a&Smif&Sm;av\/ qdk;ay
vnf; rdrd\vufoD;rsm; aumif;aumif;rpGJojzifY a&S;uxuf tm;xkwfjyD;vQif jcmwywfvSnfYvsuf ckefvTm;
ajy;oGm;&if; twif;csOf;eif;xdk;owfav&m armifpH&Sm;vJ ajcvSrf;rysufapbJ odkif;uGufuseif;jyD;vQif rwkefrvIyf
cyfat;at; ckcHav\/
oHk;rdepfcefYMumvwfaomf qdk;ayonf twefi,f[dkufívmav&m armifpH&Sm;rSm vlcGeftm;rxkwf&ao;í vwfqwf
pGmyif &Sdao;\/ xdktcgrSpí armifpH&Sm;onf b,fjzifYxdk;[efjyKí nmvufoD;jzifYvnf;aumif;? nmvufoD;jzifY
ajcmufvSefYí b,fvufoD;jzifYvnf;aumif; qdk;ay\ eHab; wbuf wcsufpDudk xdk;av&m qdk;ayrSm
[dkufonfxuf [dkufí vmav\/ ,cktwdkif;oGm;cJYaomf qdk;ayonf Mum&SnfcHawmYrnf r[kwfacs/
xdktaMumif;udk qdk;ayvJ od[ef&Sd\/ tu,fí vufoD;csif;rqdkifbJ vufvGwfxGufajy;aomf ajy;Edkifao;onf
rSef\/ odkY&mwGif armyef;aeaom olwa,mufonf rarmaom olwa,mufudk vGwfatmifajy;Edkif&ef
rwwfEdkifaMumif;udkvJ qdk;ayod[ef&Sd\/
odkYjzpfí qdk;ayonf a&S;uuJYodkY twif;eif;í rxdk;awmYbJ tarmajyavmufatmif ckcH½HkrQ jyKvsuf&Sd&m
armifpH&Sm;onf vuf0JjzifY&if0udkxdk;a,mifjyKjyD;aemuf vuf,mjzifY yg;csdyfudkaumfíowfvdkufonfwGif qdk;ayonf
csmvywfvnfí oGm;av\/ odkY&mwGif vJavmufatmifum; r&Sdacs/ armifpH&Sm;rSm vJvkrwwf emusifaeaom
olwa,mufudk zdíxdk;&ef tvdkr&Sdaomfvnf; 0wå&m; twdkif;ra&SmifEdkifonfjzpfí qdk;ayrSm rl;a0vsuf&SdaeqJwGif
armifpH&Sm;\ vuf0JvufoD;onf qdk;ay\ ESma,mifESifYjyif;pGm xdawGYav\/ qdk;ayrSm oJxJü uRrf;jyefí
vJoGm;av\/ þum; aemufqHk;vufoD;csufaywnf;[k armifpH&Sm;u arQmfvifYaeqJwGif qdk;ayonf oJxJrS

½kwfw&ufvl;vJí xjyD;aemuf tajcrysuf ckcHjyefav\/
xdktcg armifpH&Sm;rSm tHYMovsuf&Sd&mrS þtMudrfonfum; aemufqHk;tppf vufoD;aywnf;[k atmufarYvsuf
qdk;ay\ ar;apYatmufodkY vuf,mvufoD;udk wtm;vTwfawmYrnf tjyKwGif qdk;ay\vuf,mvufonf
½kwfw&ufajrmufvmjyD;vQif &SJceJMum;&jyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;rSm rsufESmudk vufESpfbufjzifYydwfí ae&av\/
taMumif;aomfum; qdk;ayonf oJxJü vJoGm;onfYtcgu oJudk qkyf,lvmcJYjyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;\ rsufESmudk
yufvdkufojzifY rsufpdudkoJ0ifaomaMumifYaywnf;/ 4if;aemuf
ay/ / ]rwwfEdkifbl;q&ma&? rEdkifawmYEdkif&mudkif&awmYwmyJ? udkif; ae&pfayOD;awmYq&m} [kajymjyD;aemuf qdk;ay

onf xGufíajy;av\/
armifpH&Sm;rSm jrpfqdyfodkY prf;íavQmufvmjyD;vQif rsufpdudka&xJü zGifYjyD;aemuf oJrsm;xGufonfYtcgrS a&qdyfrS

wufcJY&av\/
aetdrfodkYa&mufaomtcguRefawmfrSmtdyfaysmfvsuf&SdjyDjzpf&m armifpH&Sm;rSmpdwfrauseyfao;onfjzpfí ajcmufvHk;jyL;
aoewfudk ,ljyD;aemuf qdk;ayudk&SmazG&ef a&qdyfodkY oGm;jyefav\/
a&qdyfESifY rvSrf;rurf;odkY a&mufaomtcg vlwa,mufonf jrpfbufodkYrsufESmrlvsuf wpfpHkwpfckudk arQmfMunfh
aeonfudk va&mifwGifjrif&av\/ xdkolrSmqdk;ayvnf; r[kwfacs/ qdk;ayr[kwfapumrl rnfonfY tBuHtpnfESifY
wa,mufwnf; vma&mufapmifYqdkif;aejcif; jzpfonfudk odvdkonfESifY xdkolrjrifapatmif ajray:ü tvsm;arSmuf
um acsmif;ajrmif; MunfY½Ivsuf&Sdav\/
xdkolonf aq;vdyf ñSdrnf[efESifY rD;jcpfudkjcpfjyD;vQif aq;vdyfudkvJ rD;rñSdbJ rD;jcpfqHudk &rf;í jyav\/ xdkenf;
twdkif; oHk;MudrfjyKvkyfaomf jrpfnmt&yfrS orÁmefcwfoHudk ½kwfw&uf Mum;&av\/ xdktcg armifpH&Sm;onf
rnfodkYaom tcsdef;tcsufayenf;[k awG;awmvsuf&SdonfwGif 'dkif;ceJ aoewfoHMum;jyD;aemuf rdrdMunfhaeaom
olonf ½kwfw&ufvJoGm;av\/
armifpH&Sm;vJ tenf;i,frQvIyf&Sm;jcif;r&SdbJ rdrdae&mrS jidrf0yfpGm&Sdae&mrS vlwa,mufonf a&qdyfrSajy;wufvmí
vJaeaomol\ teD;wGif 'l;axmufum vSefavSm&SmazGav\/ xdkceü armifpH&Sm;u ]a[Y? pufuav;? vufajr§muf
a[Y? rajr§muf&if ypfvdkufr,faemf} [kajymum ajcmufvHk;jyL;ESifY csdef&G,fxm;av\/ xdktcg pufuav;qdkolonf
vufudkrajr§mufbJ ajcmufvHk;jyL;udkudkifvsuf toHMum;&mudk &SmazGvsuf&Sdav\/ armifpH&Sm;rSm xdktcgü
ypfcGifYoifYjyD rSefaomfvnf; rdrdu tvsm;arSmufaeonfY tjzpfudk tm;udk;ojzifY aemufwMudrf xyfí
]a[Uaumif? rif;aoewfudkcsvdkuf? rcs&if rif;udk ig csvdkufr,f}
pufuav;rSm owådåaumif;olwa,muf jzpfojzifY vufeufudkrcsbJ toHMum;&modkY &rf;a&mfí ypfvdkuf&m
usnfqHonf armifpH&Sm;ESifY wrdkufcefYtwGif; xdrSefí oJwdkYonf armifpH&Sm;\yg;udk cwfpifí oGm;av\/
xdktcgrS armifpH&Sm;onf aoewfESifYaocsmpGm csdefí pufuav;\ vuf,mbuf ykcHk;udkypfcsdK;vdkufav\/
pufuav;vJoGm;onfESifYwjydKifeuf armifpH&Sm;onf &efolukefjyD[k txifESifY ajy;oGm;av&m jrpfzufrSaoewfoH
ESpfcsufMum;&jyD;aemuf usnfqHwdkYonf em;&Gufem;ü 0DceJ oDíoGm;MuojzifY wzef tvsm;arSmuf vdkuf&jyef
av\/ ,if;odkY tvsm;arSmufvdkufjyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;rSm rdrd\ae&mudk &efolrsm;odrnfpdk;ojzifY ajrGuJYodkY
wGefYvdrfum wjznf;jznf; a&TYí oGm;cJY&m ayig;q,fcefYoGm;rdaomtcg udkif;yifrsm; twGif;odkY a&mufvmojzifY
jidrf0yfpGmae&jyefav\/
a&TOa'gif;
xdktcg pufuav;\ toHjzifY ]a[Yaumifrsm;? owdxm;a[Yaemf? udkif;awmxJa&mufoGm;jyD} [k atmf[pfum

owday;&m xdktcgüum; vlESpfa,mufwdkYonf armifpH&Sm;a&S;OD;pGm &Sdaeaomae&mudk ESpfa,muf ñSyfzrf;rnf[k
wpfzufwpfcsuf0dkif;um vmvsuf&SdMuay\/ xdkolwdkYvnf; armifpH&Sm;enf;wl ajrü tvsm;arSmufcgomvQif
vm0HYMuav\/
armifpH&Sm;rSm udkif;yifrsm;Mum;rS acsmifajrmif;vsuf&Sd&m wGm;ívmaeaom t&m0w¬K udkjrifojzifY aoewfESifY
ypfvdkufaomf tjypfqdkzG,f&mr&Sdaomfvnf; tcsnf;ESD;owfjzwfjcif;udk rESpfoufaom vlwa,mufjzpfonfYtwdkif;
csufaumif;udk acsmif;í wpf[kefwnf; ckefvdkufjyD;vQif xdkol\ aoewfudk&atmif 0ifvkav\/ xdkolvJcGeftm;Av
MuD;rm;onfjzpfí rEdkifreif;bJ &SdaeonftwGif; ½kwfw&ufaoewfoH Mum;jyD;aemuf rdrdESifY vHk;axG;
aeaomolonf aysmYacGí usoGm;avonf/ taMumif;aomfum; ypfvdkufaomaoewfonf armifpH&Sm;udk rxdbJ
tcsif;csif; xdrSefoGm;aomaMumifYaywnf;/
xdktcgü armifpH&Sm;ü &efolwa,mufrQomusefawmYonfjzpf&m toHudkzsufí ]rdjyDa[Y igYvl? vmawmYa[Y} [k
ajymvdkufonfwGif vlwa,mufonf rdrd&Sd&modkY ajy;í vmav\/ teD;odkYa&mufonfESifY wpfjydKifeuf
armifpH&Sm;onf aoewfESifY ajcaxmufudk ypfcsdK;vdkuf&m xdkolonf 'vdrfYaumufauG; vJoGm;av\/ armifpH&Sm;vJ
½kwfw&ufxí aoewfudkvk,lonfESifY wjydKifeuf pufuav;&Sd&m t&yfrS aoewfoHMum;jyefav&m pufuav;rSm
vuf,mvufusdK;aeojzifY vuf0JvufjzifY ypf&aomaMumifY armifpH&Sm;udk rxdrSefawmYacs/
xdkceü tkwftkwfMuGufMuGuf jzpfoGm;ojzifY uRefawmfonf tdyf&mrS vefYEdk;jyD;vQif tusdK;taMumif;ar;jref;&m
aoewfoHrsm; Mum;&aMumif; od&Sd&onfwGif vufeufudk udkifpGJvsuf &Gmom;rsm;ESifYtwl aoewfoHMum;&modkY
ajy;oGm;Muav\/
uRefawmfwdkY a&mufoGm;Muaomtcg wa,mufaomolrSm OD;acgif;wGif aoewf'Pf&mESifY aoqHk;vsuf?
wa,mufrSm &if0wGif 'Pf&mESifY toufukefvsufvnf;aumif;? pufuav;qdkolrSm vuf,mbuf ykcHk;wGif
'Pf&mESifYvnf;aumif;? wa,mufrSmajcaxmufusdK;vsuf &SdMuonfjzpf&m? armifpH&Sm;rSm qdk;ayu vufoD;ESifY
xdk;cJYaom 'Pf&mrSwyg; temw& xdcdkufjcif;r&Sdacs/ armifpH&Sm;rSm xdkolrsm;onf wpHkwckaom 0w¬K ypönf;udk
taMumif;jyKí toufudk pGefUvTwfwdkufcdkufMujcif; jzpfaMumif;udk aumif;pGm,HkMunfjyD;jzpfí yxraoewfypfjcif;
cH&ol\ tavmif;rS tusÐtdwfwdkYudk prf;oyf &SmazG&m tusÐtwGif;tdwfrS pmwapmifudk awGY&Sd&av\/
armifpH&Sm;onf 4if;pmudk pdwftm;MuD;pGm xkwf,lí rD;a&mifwGifMunfYav&m pmtdyfay:üum; t*FvdyfbmomjzifY
(vGwfvyfjcif;) (pGefYpm;rS&rnf) [laom pmESpfvHk;udkawGY&Sd&avonf/ 4if;aemuf twGif;üum; azmufí MunfYaom
tcg armifpH&Sm;rSm Muufaoaorwwf tHYMopGm ai;vsuf&Sdav\/ taMumif;udkqdkaomf pmtdyftwGif;ü
awGY&Sd&aom t&m0w¬KrSm tzdk;wefypönf; r[kwf/ tdk;jcrf;yJY wckom jzpfaomaMumifYaywnf;/
tHYMojcif;ajyaysmufjyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf &Gmom;rsm;tm; tusdK;taMumif;udk ajymjyjyD;vQif tavmif;rsm;ESifY
vlemrsm;udk ykodrfjrdKY aq;½HkodkY wifydkYapjyD;rS uRefawmfESifYtwl &GmolMuD;tdrfodkY jyefvmcJYMuav\/
tdrfodkYa&mufaomtcg
&S m;/ / ]bdk;raobJESifY ajr;aoqdkwJYpum;yHk[m pufuav;rSm vmjyD;ajzmifYaejyD udkodef;armif&Jh? tif; olY&efawmh
jzifh at;oGm;jyD? odkUaomf qdk;ay&Jh&efuvdkao;w,f}
uRefawmf/ / ]qdk;ayvJ onftxJrSm ygovm;Asm? cifAsm; b,fwkef;u awGYvdkufvdkYvJ} [kar;vdkufonfwGif
armifpH&Sm;onf cyfapmapmu qdk;ayESifY vufoD;csif; ,SOfjydKifxdk;owf&jcif;rsm;udk jyefajymif;ajymqdkav\/
uRefawmf/ / ]EdkU aeygOD;Asm? onftdk;jcrf;yJUu xl;qef;vScsnfuvm;? onftwGufESifY touftaocH&atmif[m

bmrsm;ta&;MuD;aevdkYvJAsm}
&S m;/ / ]aeOD;av udkodef;armif? tcsdefwefawmY EGm;ydefuefvdrfYraygYAsm? nOfYvJawmfawmfeufjyD tdyfMuOD;pdkYAsm}
eufjzefrdk;vif;aomtcg uRefawmfYrSm acgif;udkufaoma0'emrS oufom&m&í nOfYtcgu taMumif;rsm;udk

pOf;pm;qifjcifvsuf&Sd&m armifpH&Sm;rSmrl eHeufapmapmuyif xGufoGm;aMumif; od&Sd&av\/ udk;em&D tcsdefcefYwGif
armfawmfbkwfwpfpif; qdkufvmonfY toHudk Mum;&jyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;vnf; tdrfay:odkY wufvmav&m
uRefawmf/ / ]b,faysmufaeovJAs? cifAsm;pD;vmwJY armfawmfbkwfvm;}
&S m;/ / ]b,fu[kwf&rSmvJAs? odkYaomf udkodef;armifa&? usKyfxifwJY twdkif;rSef&if armfawmfbkwf&Sif[m
tdk;jcrf;yJYudpöESifYvmwmwlw,f/ odkYaomf rMumcifod&vdrfYraygYav/ onf;cHjyD;apmifY MuOD;pdkYAsm}
rGef;wnfYtcsdefcefYwGif ukvm;vlrsdK;wpfa,mufonf olMuD;tdrfodkYvma&mufí {nfYonfrsm;ESifY awGYvdkaMumif;
olMuD;tm; ajymjyonfwGif &GmolMuD;onf uRefawmfwdkY&Sd&m tdrfay:odkYnTefjyvdkufojzifY wufvmavonf/
&S m;/ / ]xdkifyg rdwfaqG? &efukefu a&mufvmw,frSwfw,f}

ukvm;/ / ]cifAsm; OD;pH&Sm; r[kwfvm;}
&S m;/ / ]cifAsm;vJ tDZ&m r[kwfvm;}
ukvm;/ / ]cifAsm; pHkaxmufaygY [kwfp}
&S m;/ / ]cifAsm;vJ 'gv[dkZDvrf;u ukefpHkqdkif refae*smaygY [kwfp}
ukvm;/ / (uRefawmfYtm;MunfYí) ]cifAsm;eJY twlwlvm;}
&S m;/ / ]twlwlyg? ajymp&m&Sd&if ajymomajymyg? ,HkMunf&ygw,f}
ukvm;/ / ]nu cifAsm; bm&ovJ}
&S m;/ / ]usKyf&wm cifAsm;odjyD;r[kwfvm;}
ukvm;/ / ]cifAsm;&wJY y pönf;udk usKyfudka&mif;yg? aiG 500 ay;ygYr,f}
&S m;/ / ]b,ftwGuf}
ukvm;/ / ]b,ftwGufjzpfjzpf rar;ygESifY? cifAsm;aiG 500 &&ifjyD;a&mr[kwfvm;? a[m'DrSm aiG500} [kajymí
ukvm;MuD;onf w&mwef puúL ig;csyfudk xkwfjyav\/ armifpH&Sm;onf OD;acgif;udk &rf;vsuf&SdavvQif
ukvm;MuD;vJ om;a&tdwftwGif;rS aemufxyfaiGpuúL rsm;xkwfjyDa;emuf
ukvm;/ / ]udkif;Asm? 1000 ay;ygYr,f? ay;omay;yg}
&S m;/ / ]b,ftwGuf toHk;usaMumif;ajym&if ay;csifay;r,f? EkdYr[kwf&if waomif;aomfvnf; usKyfray;bl;}
ukvm;/ / ]tdk;uGJuav; cifAsm;rSm bmtoHk;usvJ? aiG 1000 &&if rawmfao;bl;vm;? udkif;Asm 1500 ay;r,f}
a&TOa'gif;
4if;aemuf ukvm;MuD;onf armifpH&Sm;tm; acsmYarmYí vnf;aumif;? qvHay;í vnf;aumif; trsdK;rsdK; ajymaomf

vnf; armifpH&Sm;onf rnfonfYenf;ESifYrQjyefíray;EdkifaMumif;? tu,fí rdrd\ypönf;rSefcJYygvQif ½Hk;ü avQmufxm;
awmif;qdkEdkifaMumif;omvQif jyefajymonfjzpfí ukvm;MuD;vJ vufavQmYumjyefoGm;avonf/
4if;aeYwaeYvHk; armifpH&Sm;onf aq;wHudk rjywfatmif aomuf&SLvsuf tBuHxkwfcg&Sdae&m naecif;wdkif
a&mufonfESifY wjydKifeuf xdkif&mrS ½kwfw&ufxí ]udkif; wcsufawmY prf;MunfYvdkufOD;r,fav} [kajymjyD;vQif
&GmolMuD;tm;ac:í ESpfa,mufom; wdkifyifvsuf&SdaeMuav\/
4if;n udk;em&D tcsdefcefYwGif uRefawmfESifY armifpH&Sm;wdkYonf pGrf;&nf owådjynfYpHkaom &Gmom;
ajcmufa,mufcefYwdkYudk a&G;cs,fpkaqmif;jyD;vQif qkvmbftajrmuftjrm; &zdkY&SdaMumif;ESifY armifpH&Sm;uajymqdkí
wkwfvSH tp&Sdaom vufeufwdkYESifY a&qdyfodkY wdwfwqdwf qif;oufvmMuav\/ a&qdyfteD;odkYa&mufvQif
armifpH&Sm;onf &Gmom;rsm;udk udkif;awmxJwGif 0Sufxm;cJYí a&pyfodkY uRefawmfESifYtwlqif;jyDvQif
rD;jcpfudkjcpfjyD;aemuf &rf;í jyav\/
þenf;twl oHk;MudrfrQ jyKvkyfavvQif jrpfnmrS orÁmefcwfoHMum;&ojzifY jidrf0yfpGm apmifYaeMuav\/
orÁmefcwfaomtoHonf wjznf;jznf; eD;vmcJYí aemufqHk;ü va&mifwGif jrifEdkifavmufatmif csOf;uyfí
vmavonf/ xdkYaemufurf;ü qdkufuyfí vmav\/ urf;ü qdkufuyfjyD;vQif ukvm;MuD;wpfa,mufonf
uRefawmfwdkY&Sd&modkU avQmufvmí t*FvdyfbmomjzifY ]vGwfvyfjcif;} [k ajymvdkuf&m armifpH&Sm;u ]pGefYpm;rS &rnf}
[koGufvufpGm jyefajymav\/ 4if;aemuf ukvm;MuD;u txdrf;trSwfay;yg [kajym&m armifpH&Sm;onf
tdk;jcrf;yJYi,fudk pmtdwfrSxkwfí jyav\/ ukvm;MuD;onf rdrd\tdwfrS tdk;jcrf;yJYi,fESifY qufpyfí
MunfYaomtcg puf0dkif;ozG,fjzpfoGm;onfwGif pdwfauseyfojzifY acwå qdkif;ygOD;qdkí a&qdyfrS om;a&tdwfMuD;
wpfvHk;udk qGJumwifvmav\/ 4if;udk armifpH&Sm;\vufodkY ay;tyfaomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf
zGifYvSpfMunfY½IonfwGif 'efa&mifokwfxm;aom ajcmufvHk;jyL; aoewfuav;rsm; ajrmufjrm;pGm yg&SdaMumif;
awGY&avonf/
xdkcPü armifpH&Sm;u uRefawmfYtm; tcsufay;vdkufojzifY uRefawmfonf xdkoltm; aoewfjzifY csdef&G,fjyD;vQif
vufajr§mufvdkuf[k trdefYay;&m xdkolvJ vufudkajr§mufvdkufav\/ armifpH&Sm;rSmrl &Gmom;rsm;udk tcsufay;
ac:iifjyD;aemuf orÁmef&Sd&modkYajy;oGm;Muí ukvm;oHk;a,mufukd xyfrHzrf;qD; &&Sdavonf/
4if;trIudk ½Hk;ü ppfaq;aom tcg ukvm;rsm;rSm abmvf&SDApf toif;om;rsm;jzpfaMumif;? 4if;toif;om;rsm;rSm
jrefrmjynfüvnf; &Sdonfjzpfí rdrdwdkY\ &nf&G,fcsuf xajrmufapjcif;iSm vufeufrsm;udk ½k&SjynfrS wdwfwqdwf
wifaqmifvmjcif; jzpfaMumif;? xdkukvm;wdkYrSm tdE´d, jynf&Sd toif;om;rsm;xH vufeufrsm;udk þ&Gmü
tyfESif;rnfjzpf&m rSm;í tyfESif;rdrnf pdk;&drfojzifY tdk;jcrf;uGJwpfckudk ESpfckjzpfatmifzJYjyD;vQif wpfckudk wiful;í
ydkUxm;ESifYaMumif;? þenf;jzifY twkty jyKvkyfjcif;ab;rS vGwfuif;Edkifrnfjzpf&m tdk;jcrf;uGJ jyEdkifoltm;
vufeufvmtyfolu auseyfatmifppfaq;í vTJtyfay;xm;cJY&ef jzpfaMumif;rsm; od&avonf/ jrefrmjynfrS
tDZ&mESifYwuG tjcm;oHk;a,mufwdkYrSmvnf; jypfrIxif&Sm;ojzifY axmif'Pf toD;oD; uscH&avownf;/
jyD;ygjyD
______
23/ tpkd;& pmcsKyfrsm; aysmufqHk;rIü OD;pH&Sm; pHkaxmufyHk

xkdESpfonfum; txl;ojzihf aeyljyif;í rkd;aemufusaom ESpfjzpf&m &GmoGef;aom tcgürlum; &efukefNrdKU\
xHk;pHtwkdif; aeUa&mnOfYyg &yfpJjcif; r&SdbJ qufcg qufcg 'va[m &GmoGef;vsuf &Sdae\/
uRefawmf\ rdwfaqGBuD; OD;pH&Sm;rSmrl rkd;&GmoGef;aom &ufrsm;twGif; tjyifodkU tvsOf;xGufoGm;jcif; r&SdbJ
vGefcJhaom trIwGJrsm;udk tpDtpOf jyKvkyfvsuf zkdifwGJum &Sdaeav\/ oHk;&ufwkdifwkdif xkduJhodkUaom enf;tm;jzifh
tvkyfvkyfcJhí rkd;&yfpJjcif;r&SdavvQif OD;pH&Sm;rSm wvkyfvkyfESifh vkyf&aom tvkyfrsdK;udk ESpfoufolwpfa,muf
r[kwfonfhtwkdif; wkdufcef;wGif;ü xkdrSþrS vl;vmcwfjzpfvsuf vufonf;rsm;udk udkufum *PSmrNidrfbJ
pBuøavQmufvsuf &Sdav\/ uRefawmfrSmrl yufvufukvm;xkdifü xkdifum owif;pm zwfvsuf &Sd&m
&S m;/ /]b,fhES,fvJ udkodef;armif? bmowif;rsm; xl;ao;ovJAsdKU}

OD;pH&Sm;\ oabmt& owif;xl;qkdonfrSm &mZ0wfrIESifh ywfoufaom owif;rsm;udkom qkdvkdaMumif; uRefawmf
od&Sdonf jzpfí *&djynfü olykefx&ef BuHpnfjcif;? t*Fvefjynfü trwfcsKyfBuD; ajymif;vJ&ef pDpOfjcif; tp&Sdaom
owif;rsm;yif owif;pmü yg&Sdaomfvnf; owif;xl; rygaMumif;ESifh uRefawmfu jyefajymvkdufonfwGif
OD;pH&Sm;onf pdwfysufaom trlt&mESifh qufvufí vrf;avQmufav\/ ¤if;aemuf &yfwefUí
&S m;/ /]&efukefrSm vlqkd;aygw,f aygw,fESifh? b,frSm aygvkdUvJAsm? wu,fqkdawmh tckvkd &moDBuD;rsm;rSm
vlqkd;rsm;twGuf b,favmuf tcGifhomovJ Munfhprf;Asm? 'gESifhawmif trIaumif;aumif; wpfckrS ray:aygufwm
tHhMoyg&JU}
uRefawmf/ /]ckd;rIuav;awGawmh tyHkyJ awGUygw,f}
&S m;/ /]ckd;rIavmuf bmvkyfzkdUvJAs? 'D&moDrsdK;qkdwm BuD;BuD;us,fus,f BuHpnfzkdU aumif;wJh &moDrsdK;vm;Asm?
usKyfvkdtaumif vlqkd;r[kwfwm &efukefwpfNrdKUvkHk; tifrwef uHaumif;w,f}
uRefawmf/ /]tppfyJ? cifAsm;om qkd;vkduf&vQif ajc&mazsmuf aumif;avawmh b,fu pHkaxmufrS ay:atmif
ajc&maumufEkdifr,f rxifbl;}
&S m;/ /]usKyf toufudk owfzkdU BuHpnfwJh vlpk[mvJ usKyfvkd ÓPfrsdK;ESihf xGifNyD;vkyf&vQif usKyf aowm MumvSNyD?
tckawmh olwkdU[mu ? tvkd pmwpfapmif qkdyguvm;? vdyfwyfwJh vufa&;uawmh aemifawmfBuD; vufa&;yJ
rSef;prf;}
xkdcPü oli,fwpfa,mufonf pmwpfapmifudk vmay;&m OD;pH&Sm;onf pmudk vSrf;,l zwf½INyD;aemuf

&S m;/ /][kwfom;yJ? aemifawmfBuD;u ol vmcJhr,fwJhAs? ol vmr,fqkdvQifawmh {uefrkcs ta&;BuD;wJh udpö wpfckck
&SdNyD;om;yJ? usKyftpfudkuvJ xGufzkdU tifrwef ysif;wJh vlAs? 'DtxJuawmif 'D&moDBuD;rSm usKyfwkdUqD vmcJhr,f
qkdjcif;[m {uEÅ ta&;BuD;wJh udpö &SdNyD}
OD;pH&Sm;\ tpfudk OD;pHxGm;rSm twGif;0ef½Hk;ü pma&;BuD;wpfa,mufjzpfí Munfhjrifwkdifü aexkdifvsuf&Sd&m OD;pH&Sm;ESifh
uRefawmfwkdU aexkdifcJhMuaom ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm twGif;ü tvnfoufouf[lí rvmzl;bJ oHk;BudrfrQomvQif udpöESifh
vma&mufzl;avonf/
uRefawmf/ /]bmudpöwJhvJAs}
a&TOa'gif;
OD;pH&Sm;onf OD;pHxGm;\ pmudk uRefawmfhtm; vSrf;ay;vdkuf&m atmufygtwkdif; zwf½I&av\/
,aeUnae oHk;em&D qufqufvmcJhrnf/ twGif;0ef½Hk;pma&; armifMunf taMumif;udk wkdifyif &ef &Sdonf/
uRefawmf/ /]pma&; armifMunfqkdwm uRefawmf rodyguvm;}

&S m;/ /]usKyfvJ rodbl;? ol vmawmh &Sif;ajymvdrfhrayghAsm}
uRefawmf/ /]aeOD;AsdKU ? uRefawmf owd&NyD? [kdwpfaeUu owif;pmxJrSm rpf&Sif blwmteD; rD;&xm;vrf;ab;rSm
awGUw,fqkdwJh tavmif;[m twGif;0ef½Hk; pma&;BuD; armifMunf qkd ? r[kwfvm;}
&S m;/ /][kwfayom;yJ? cifAsm;u owd&ao;w,f? armifMunf aoyHkuawmh
w,fNyD; rxl;vSygbl;Asm? rD;&xm;ay:u vdrfhusNyD; aowJh vu©PmESifh wlyg&JU? ypönf;twGufvnf;
[kwf[efrwlbl; qkdw,fr[kwfvm;? 'Dhjyifaum}
uRefawmf/ /]touf 27 ESpf? vlysdK? twGif;½Hk; pma&;wJhAs? 'DvkdwJhAs? vGefcJhwJh wevFmaeUnu prf;acsmif;&yfrSm
aewJh olU&nf;pm; rpdef&DESifh Munfhjrifwkdif blwmem;rSm cGJoGm;NyD; aoawmhwmyJ wJh? olwkdU ESpfa,muf[m ckduf&ef
jzpfjcif;vnf;r&Sd? b,fvkd taMumif;aMumihf rD;&xm;ay:u ckefcsw,fqkdwm rpdef&DvJ rajymEkdifbl;wJh As? n 7 em&D
avmufrSm cGJoGm;NyD; reufusawmh aow,fvkdU Mum;&awmhwmyJAs}
&S m;/ /]b,fawmh aoowJhvJ}
uRefawmf/ /]t*FgaeU eHeufapmapm rpf&Sifvrf; blwmteD;rSm tavmif;awGUowJh? OD;acgif;rSmvnf; 'Pf&mBuD;
awGUowJh? 'D'Pf&m[m rD;&xm;ay:u uswJh 'Pf&mvnf; jzpfEdkifowJhAs}
&S m;/ /]'Dvl[m t&Sifvwfvwfjzpfap? taojzpfap? rD;&xm;ay:u ypfcsonfjzpfap? ckefcsonf jzpfap? jzpf&r,f?
'Dvkd r[kwfvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]'Dvrf;[m jynf&xm;? ykodrf? [oFmw &xm;rsm;tjyif avmfu,f&xm;awGvJ cPcP oGm;w,f?
'Dawmhum b,f&xm;ay:u usw,fvkdUawmh b,folrS trSef rajymEkdifbl;wJhAs}
&S m;/ /]vufrSwfaumAsm? vufrSwfMunfhvQif odrSmaygh}
uRefawmf/ /]vufrSwfvJ tavmif;rSm rawGUbl;wJhAs}
&S m;/ /]b,fhES,fvJAsm? vufrSwf r0,fbJawmh pD;r,fhvl wpfa,muf [kwfr,f rxifygbl;? ol vmcJh&m t&yfudk
rodapvkdwJhtwGuf olUowfwJhvlu vufrSwfudkEkwfNyD; ,lxm;vkduf[efwlw,f? ypönf;vJ bmrSraysmufbl;qkd}
uRefawmf/ /]olU tdwfxJrSm aiGpuúL 10d wef ESpfcsyfESifh aiG 5d 8J yJawGU&w,f? a&Tvufywfem&Dvnf; vufrSm
awGU&w,f? NyD;awmh xl;qef;wmu jynfydkif tpkd;&\ pmcsKyfpmwrf;awGvnf; awGU&owJh}
&S m;/ /]'gaMumifh usKyfaemifawmfBuD; vmrSmudk;As? a[m ajym&if; qkd&if; avSum;u ajcoH[m olUajcoHESifh
wlw,fAsdKU}
wpfcPrQMumvQif OD;pH&Sm;\ tpfudk pma&;BuD; OD;pHxGm;onf tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifvmav\/ OD;pHxGm;rSm
OD;pH&Sm;uJhodkUyif t&yfjrifhrm;jcif; &Sdaomfvnf; OD;pH&Sm;uJhokdU uspfvpfjzwfvwfaomudk,faygufr&SdbJ tawmfyif
wkwfckdifol wpfa,muf jzpfacs\/ ¤if;ESifh twl pHkaxmuf tifpydwfawmf udktkef;azvnf; ygvm\ /
xkdol ESpfOD;vHk;rSm £ajE´BuD;aom rsufESmxm; &SdaeMuaví ukvm;xkdifü xkdifMuNyD;aemuf
xGm;/ /]w,fcufaeNyD armifpH&Sm;&,f? iguvJ [kd[kd'D'D ajy;vm;vTm;vm; vkyfcsifwJh vlwpfa,muf r[kwfbl;?

0efaxmuf pmar;yGJuvnf; uyfaeavawmh rif;BuD;u ighudkyJ tyluyfaew,f? wpfqdwfavmuf ighnD
ulprf;ygOD;uG,f}
&S m;/ /]b,fyHk ul&rSmvJ tpfudkBuD;&JU}
xGm;/ /]armifMunftrI taMumif; rif; zwfNyD;NyD r[kwfvm;}
&S m;/ /][kwfuJh ? ckeifuwif udkodef;armifESifh ESD;aESm MunfhMuygw,f? okdUaomf tpdk;& pmcsKyfawG taMumif;
qufajymygOD;}
xGm;/ /]pmcsKyfu 'DvkduGJU? jrefrmjynf tpkd;&ESifh ,dk;',m;jynftpkd;&wkdU ukefa&mif;ukef0,frIESifh ywfoufNyD;
vQdKU0SufpGm csKyfxm;wJh pmcsKyfuGJU? 'DpmcsKyfawG[m ,dk;',m;jynf tpdk;&qDrSm wpfck? jrefrmjynftpkd;&qDrSm wpfck
&Sdw,f}
&S m;/ /]'DpmcsKyfu vQdKU0SufwJh pmcsKyfjzpfavawmh 'DjyifEkdifiHu rodbl; qkdygawmh}
xGm;/ /]rod&bl;? odEkdifcJhvQif *syeftpkd;&wkdU *smreDjynftpkd;&wkdUu aiGtrsm;BuD;ay;NyD; MunfhMur,f trSefyJ}
&S m;/ /],ckawmh jyef&NyD? r[kwfvm;}
xGm;/ /]tm;vHk; r&bl;? 3 ckteuf ta&;BuD;wJh pmcsKyfwpfck aysmufaew,f}
&S m;/ /]'D[m jyefr&vQifaum}
xGm;/ /]jyefr&vQif wpfjynfESifh wpfjynf pmcsKyfjcif;[m ysufawmhrvkd jzpf&awmhrSmayghuGJU? ta&;taMumif;&SdvkdU
jrefrmjynftpkd;&u taMumuftuef ajymcsifw,f qkd&if pmcsKyfvufudkif r&SdvkdU rajymEkdifbJ &SdrSmayghuGJU}
&S m;/ /]'Dvkdjzifh pmcsKyfudk jyef&zkdU ta&;BuD;wmaygh}
xGm;/ /]'gaMumifh rifhqDudk vmw,f r[kwfvm;? twGif;0efBuD;a&m jynfxJa&;0efBuD;a&m acgif;csif; ½kdufukefMuNyD?
'DtcsufrSm ighnDu jyef&atmif vkyfay;EkdifvQif b,fvdkbGJUrsdK; vkdcsifovJ? Muufoa&aqmif a&TpvG,fvm;?
ol&Jaumif; ...}
&S m;/ /(OD;acgif;cgvsuf) ]awmfygNyD tpfudkBuD;? uRefawmfu 'Dtvkyfvkyfjcif;[m 0goemtavsmuf ÓPfupm;
&wm aysmfvkdUvkyfjcif;jzpfygw,f? *kPfxl;bGJUxl;vkdcsifvkdUr[kwfygbl;? vkdcsifvkdU uRefawmf BuHpnfvQif MumvSNyDaygh
cifAsm;? tpkd;&twGuf uRefawmf aqmif&Gufay;cJhwm b,fESpfcg &SdNyDvJ? udkif; 'gxuf ta&;BuD;wJh tcsufavmuf
a&G;NyD; ajymprf;ygOD; cifAsm}
xGm;/ /]'DvkduGJU? 'DpmcsKyfudk twGif;0efBuD; ½Hk;cef;xJu rD;cHaowåmxJrSm xm;&w,f? rD;cHaowåmaomhuawmh
twGif;0efBuD;qDrSm wpfacsmif;? tyg;awmfNrJqDrSm wpfacsmif;? 'D ESpfacsmif;yJ&Sdw,f}
&S m;/ /]tyg;awmfNrJu b,folvJ? bdkvm; jrefrmvm;}
xGm;/ /]cgwkdif;awmh 'Dae&mrSm bdvyfom; xm;w,f? 'Dwpfcg jrefrmudkprf;NyD; txm;rSm 'Dvkdjzpf&awmh omNyD;
igwkdU ta&;BuD;aewmayghuGJU? wevFmaeU naeu rD;cHaowåmudk ydwfMu&mrSm 'DpmcsKyfudk twGif;0efBuD;a&m?
tyg;awmfNrJa&m 2a,mufvHk;u jrifrdao;w,fvkdU aoaocsmcsm xGufqkdMuw,f}
&S m;/ /]olwkdUESpfa,muf tjyif b,folUrSmrS 'Daomh r&Sdbl;aygh}
xGm;/ /]r&Sdygbl;}
&S m;/ /]armifMunfhtaMumif; ajymygOD;Asm}
a&TOa'gif;
xGm;/ /]'Doli,fu trIxrf;wm ig;ESpfMumoGm;NyD? pdwfcyfwkdwkdESifha'goawmh BuD;w,f? EkdYayr,fh tvkyfvkyf&mrSm

tifrwefaphpyf½kd;om;ajzmifhrwfvkdU pma&;BuD;rsm;u csD;rGrf;MuwJh oli,fuGJU? 'DpmcsKyf[mu olESifh qkdifwJh tvkyf
jzpfw,f}
&S m;/ /][kdaeUu pmcsKyfudk b,fol xkwfMunfhao;ovJ}
xGm;/ /]tyg;awmfNrJ Munfhw,f}
&S m;/ /]'DpmcsKyfawGudk armifMunf xkwf,loGm;aMumif;[muawmh xif&Sm;w,f r[kwfbl;vm;}
xGm;/ /]xl;wmyJ? okdUaomf b,ftwGuf ol ,l&ovJ}
&S m;/ /]EkdifiHjcm;ukefonfBuD;rsm; jrif&vQif aiGay;Munfhr,f r[kwfbl;vm;Asm}
xGm;/ /]'gawmh rSefw,f}
&S m;/ /]aiG&zkdU enf;tjyif 'Dhjyif enf;vrf;rsm; cifAsm? awG;Ekdifao;ovm;}
xGm;/ /]rawG;Ekdifbl;uGJU}
&S m;/ /]aumif;NyD ? 'gjzifh armifMunf[m pmcsKyfudk aiG&rItwGuf ,lvmcJhw,f qkdygawmh? olUrSm aomhr&SdwJh
twGuf aomhwl vkyf&vdrfhr,f r[kwfvm;}
xGm;/ /]tcef;aomhudkyg aomhwl vkyf&r,f}
&S m;/ /]aumif;NyD? tcef;aomha&m? aowåmaomha&m? aomhwlvkyfNyD; pmcsKyfudk xkwf,lw,f qkdygawmh? olUtBuHu
wpfnwnf; xkwf,lNyD; aiGay;wJhvl jyNyD;wJhaemuf vlBuD;awG rodcif jyefxm;zkdUESifh wlyg&JU? okdUaomf 'DtwGif;rSm
touf qHk;½HI;jcif; jzpf[efwlw,f}
xGm;/ /]okdUaomfvnf; wpfckawG;zkdU &Sdw,f? bmvJqkdawmh tu,fí armifMunf[m pmcsKyfESifh ywfoufwJh udpö udk
ol aqmif&Guf&r,fqkdwm odvsufESifh olU &nf;pm;udk bdkifpukwfJjyzkdU wm0efcHr,f r[kwfbl;? tckawmh olU&nf;pm;
rpdef&Dudk [kdnu bkdifpukwfjyzkdU wm0efcHxm;owJhuGJU? wm0efcHxm;wJh twkdif; olU &nf;pm;ESifh xGuftvmrSm
NAHK;qkd ½kwfw&ufajy;oGm;NyD; aow,fvkdU owif;Mum;&awmhwmyJwJhuGJU}
az/ /]'guawmh ajc&mazsmufenf; wpfrsdK; xifyg&JUAsm}
xGm;/ /(OD;acgif;&rf;vsuf) ]'Dhjyifwpfcsufuawmh tu,fí armifMunfonf pmcsKyfrsm;udk jy½HkjyzkdU tBuH&SdvQif
jyNyD;wJhaemuf jyef,lcJh&r,f? ,ckawmh pmcsKyf 3 ckteuf 2 ckom awGU&w,f? wpfck vHk;vHk;aysmufoGm;w,f? 'Djyif
wpfcsufvnf; pmcsKyfudk aiG&vkdU jyw,fqkdvQif 'DaiG[m b,frSmvJ? olU tdwfxJrSm awGUwJh aiGuav; 25d ESifhawmh
'Davmuf[mBuD; ol vkyfr,f rxifbl;}
az/ /]'Dvkdxifyg&JUAsm? pmcsKyfawG ,lvmNyD;rS tzkd;rwJhavawmh jyef,lcJh&mrSm [kdvlu aiGray;bJESifh tacsmif
Munfh& avatmif rD;&xm;ay:vkdufNyD; owf,l xkd;csw,f xifyg&JU}
&S m;/ /]vufrSwfuaum Asm}
az/ /]owfwJhvlu ajc&maysmufatmif[m vufrSwfudkyg Ekwf,lxm;w,f xifyg&JU}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm; awG;yHkawmh tat;om;yJ? [kdvlvJ aoNyD? pmcsKyfvJ qHk;NyD? usKyfwkdU bmvkyfzkdU &SdawmhovJ}
xGm;/ /]b,fhES,f 'DvkdvJ[kwfrvJuG,f? nD&,f? qkdif&mvlawGqDoGm;NyD; ppfvm;aMumvm; ar;vm;jref;vm; vkyfNyD;
'DpmcsKyfudk jyefr& &atmifvkyfay;ygOD;rSayghuG,f}
&S m;/ /]'DvkdjzpfvQifvnf; vkyf&wmayghav? udkif; vmAsm udkodef;armif? rpf&Sifvrf; ( ,ck tvHkvrf; ) blwmudk
a&S;OD;pGm oGm;BupkdU? udktkef;azvJ vkdufcJhAsm? okdUaomf w,fBuD;awmh arQmfvifhrxm;avESifhaemf tpfudkBuD;}
uRefawmfwkdU oHk;OD;onf rpf&Sifvrf;blwmokdU oGm;a&mufMuí ½Hkykdifudk ac:NyD;vQif tavmif;awGUaom ae&mudk
jyap\/ tavmif;awGUaom ae&mrSm wHwm;ESifh udkufaygif; 20 cefU a0;í rD;&xm;oHvrf;onf xkdae&mü
vuf0JbufodkU cyfqwfqwfauGUoGm;\/
&S m;/ /]rD;&xm;wGJrsm;udk cifAsm;? MunfhNyD;NyDvm;? aoG;pufrsm; bmrsm; rawGUbl;vm;}

az/ /]uRefawmf aoaocsmcsm MunfhNyD;ygNyD? bmrS rawGUyg}
&S m;/ /(½Hkydkiftm;) ]wHcg;BuD; yGifhvsuf qkdufvmwJh wGJrsm; rawGUbl;vm;}
yk dif/ /]owd rxm;rdyg}
az/ /]'DuaeU reufwkef;uawmh oufaowpfa,mufu wevFmaeUn 11 em&DcGJavmuf avmfu,f&xm;ESifh
&efukefudk vkduftvmrSm rpf&Sifblwmu txGuf tHk;ceJ toHwpfck Mum;vdkuf&w,fvkdU ajymw,f? arSmifaeavawmh
bmrSawmh rjrifvkduf&bl;wJh? tvkd OD;pH&Sm;u bmrsm; vkyfaewmvJAs}
OD;pH&Sm;rSmrl pdwftm;BuD;pGmaom rsufESmxm;ESifh xkdae&mü&Sdaom rD;&xm; oHvrf;rsm;udk Munfh½Ivsuf &Sdaeav\/

rD;&xm;vrf;onf txufazmfjycJhNyD;onfhtwkdif; xkdae&mü vuf0JbufokdU ½kwfw&uf aumufoGm;onf jzpf&m
uRefawmfonf OD;pH&Sm;\ rsufESmxm;udk jrifjcif;tm;jzifh xl;jcm;aom tcsufwpfck awGU&SdaeaMumif;udk od&Sd&av\/
uRefawmf/ /]bmrsm; awGUvkdUvJAs}
&S m;/ /]vrf;cGJwJh ae&m MunfhwmygAs? 'Dae&mrSm &xm;vrf;[m auGUvJ auGUw,f? vrf;cGJvJ &Sdw,f? 'Dtcsuf[m
ta&;BuD;w,f udkodef;armif&JU}
az/ /]bmqkdifovJAsm? vrf;cGJESifh 'DtrIESifh b,fvkdrsm; oufqkdifvkdUvJ}
&S m;/ /]&xm;pD;wJhtcgrSm auGUvJauGU? vrf;cGJvJ &Sdw,fqkdvQif &xm;ay:u vl[m b,fvkdjzpfoGm;rvJ}
uRefawmf/ /]ndwfceJ ndwfceJ jzpfoGm;wmayghAsm}
&S m;/ /]tJ'g usKyfvkdcsifwmyJ? [kwfNyDAsdKU [kwfNyD? 'gaMumifh uswJhae&mrSm aoG;pufawG bmawG rawGU&wmudk;As}
az/ /]bmqkdifovJ q&m&,f}
&S m;/ /]tavmif;rSm OD;acgif;aMuoGm;w,fqkd}
az/ /][kwfw,f}
&S m;/ /]'gESifhawmif aoG;pufrawGUbJudk;As? rD;&xm;wGJudk usKyf Munfh&vQif aumif;r,f xifw,f}
az/ /]pdwfcsyg q&m bmrS rawGUygbl;? uRefawmf udk,fwkdif MunfhNyD;om;yg}
&S m;/ /]udkif; 'gjzifh &SdapAsm;? udktkef;az cifAsm; jyefcsif jyefayawmhav? usKyfwkdUawmh Munfhjrifwkdifa&m
twGif;0efBuD; ½Hk;awGa&m avQmufMunfhOD;r,f? vkyfp&mtzkdUawmh cifAsm; wwfEdkifwm wpfcsuf&Sdw,f? EkdifiHjcm;
ukefonfBuD;awG pm&if;udktrnf? ae&yfESifh wuG &atmif ul;xm;NyD; usKyftdrfu apmifhaeprf;Asm? 'gxuf
twGif;0ef&JU tyg;awmfNrJu b,folwJhAsm}
a&TOa'gif;
az/ /]OD;odef;[efwJh}
&S m;/ /]b,fvrf;vJ}
az/ /]abmif'&Dvrf;}
&S m;/ /]aumif;NyD? usKyfajymwm cifAsm; vkyfxm;ESifhAsm}
udktkef;az jyefoGm;NyD;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUonf wuúpDwpfpD;ESifh abmif'&Dvrf;odkU xGufvmMu&m vrff;c&D;ü

&S m;/ /]wpfcgjzifh awmfawmfuav; &Sif;oGm;ayNyDAsm}
uRefawmf/ /]cifAsm;rSmom &Sif;w,f? uRefawmfjzifh rD;&xm;vrf;taMumif;udk cifAsm; ajymvkdufwm omNyD;awmif
½IyfoGm;ao;w,f}
&S m;/ /]usKyfrSmvJ &Sif;wmu &Sif;ayr,fh ½Iyfaeao;wmawG tyHkusefygao;w,f? &Sif;wm wpfcsufuawmh
armifMunf\ tavmif;[mrD;&xm;wGJtwGif;u uswm r[kwf? trkd;ay:u uswmAs}
uRefawmf/ /]b,fhES,f q&m&,f? trkd;ay:u wufpD;wJhvlvkdU b,frSm Mum;zl;ovJ}
&S m;/ /]wufpD;wm r[kwfbl;As? olUtavmif;udk rD;&xm; trkd;ay:rSm wifvTwfvkdufjcif;jzpfw,f}
uRefawmf/ /][if}
&S m;/ /]qef;w,f? [kwfp? tauGUvJjzpfjyef? vrf;cGJvJ &Sdjyefqkdawmh cifAsm; ajymwJhtwkdif; ndwfceJ jzpfoGm;w,f
r[kwfvm;? 'Dae&mrsdK;rSmrS trkd;ay:u ypönf;wpfckck[m usr,fr[kwfbl;vm;? wpfjcm;rSmaoNyD; tavmif;udk
trkd;ay: wifvTwfvkdufjcif; jzpfwJhtwGuf vrf;ab;rSm aoG;puf rawGUwmayghAs? vufrSwfrawGUwmvJ
'gaMumifhayghAs}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfawmh [kwfNyDAsdKU? EkdYayrJh 'Dtcsuf od&wmu 'DtrI &Sif;NyD; roGm;wJhtjyif omNyD;awmif
½IyfoGm;ygNyDaumAs}
&S m;/ /]rSefw,f? 'gawmh rSefw,f}
[k ajymNyD;aemuf OD;pH&Sm;onf pum;qufvufí rajymawmhbJ armfawmfum;ay:ü pOf;pm;pdwful;umjzifh
qdwfqdwfvkdufvmav\/
uRefawmfwdkUonf abmif'&Dvrf;okdU qkdufa&mufMuí tyg;awmfNrJ OD;odef;[ef\ aetdrfokdU 0ifoGm;Mu&m xkdt&yfü

Oa&mywkdufom;rsm;aexkdifaom bkdtdrfBuD;rsm;onf pDwef;um &Sdaeí OD;odef;[ef\ tdrfrSmvnf; tjcm;
bkdtdrfrsm;uJhodkUyif crf;em;pGm &Sday\/
xGufvmaom tapcHwpfa,muftm; tdrf&Sif OD;odef;[ef taMumif;udk ar;&m tapcHonf tdrfwGif;odkU 0ifoGm;í
vlwpfa,mufudk ac:vmcJh\/ xkdvlu rdrdonf OD;odef;[ef\ OD;odef;pHjzpfaMumif;? OD;odef;[efrSm rusef;rmojzifh
,aeUeHeufyif aq;½HkodkU wufaeaMumif;ESifh ajymjyav\/
OD;odef;pH\ zdwfMum;csuft& uRefawmfwdkUonf {nfhcef;ü acwåxkdifí OD;pH&Sm;u vma&mufjcif;udpöudk
ajymjy&mwGif OD;odef;pHonf tpfudktwGuf ylyefpkd;&drfjcif; jzpfaom rsufESmxm;ESifh {nfhcHvsuf &Sd&mrS rdrd\
tpfudkrSm tvGefw&m pdwfESvHk;El;nHYodrfarGUaom vlwpfa,muf jzpfjcif;aMumifhe*kd&f tcH&Sdaom ESvHk;a&m*gonf
þpmcsKyfaysmufqHk;rI jzpfay:vmaomtcgü½kwfw&uf aq;½HkokdU ykdUvkduf&aMumif;ESifh ajymjyav\/
OD;pH&Sm;u pmcsKyfaysmufqHk;rItaMumif;ESifh pyfvsOf;í wpfpHkwpf&m enf;vrf;nTefjyEdkifygoavm[k ar;jref;&m

OD;odef;pHu rdrdrSm tpfudk rusef;rmonfh twGufaMumifh pdwfESvHk; rcsrf;romjzpfí {nfhonfrsm;ESifh pum;ajym
&jcif;udkyif NiD;aiGUvSaMumif;ESifh t&dyferdwf ajymjyonfwGif uRefawmfwkdUonf tajcrvSojzifh xGufvmcJhMuav\/
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUonf prf;acsmif;&yf&Sd armifMunf\&nf;pm; rpdef&D\ aetdrfokdU oGm;a&muf&m rpdef&DrSm

oGufvufaom rdef;uav;wpfa,mufjzpfí OD;pH&Sm;\ ar;cGef;rsm;udk rqkdif;rvifh ajzqkdav\/
&D / /]uRefrjzifh udkMunf aoNyD;uwnf;u wpfarS;rS tdyfvkdU raysmfEkdifygbl;&Sif? udkMunfudk uRefr
i,fi,fuwnf;u odvmavawmh tifrwef ½kd;om;ajzmifhrwfwJh vlwpfa,muf jzpfaMumif;udk aoaocsmcsm uRefr
ajymEkdifygw,f? 'Dvkd[mrsdK;udk b,fenf;ESifhrS jyKr,fhvlwpfa,muf r[kwfygbl;&Sif}
&S m;/ /]okdUaomfvJ olU tdwfxJrSm pmcsKyfawG awGUxm;w,f rdef;uav;&JU}
&D / /]'gawmhvJ cufwmyJ}
&S m;/ /]olUrSm aiGMuyfwnf;ovm;}
&D / /]rMuyfygbl;&Sif? olUvcuvJ aumif;? taetxkdifuvJ uspfvpfavawmh bPfrSmawmif olUaiG tyfxm;
ygao;w,f}
&S m;/ /]olU pdwfxJrSm wpfpHkwpf&m taESmihft,Sufrsm; r&Sdbl;vm;? rSefrSefajymaemf rdef;uav;}
&D / /(twefi,f qkdif;vifhNyD;rS) ]taESmifht,Sufwpfckckawmh &Sd[efwlw,f}
&S m;/ /]MumNyDvm;}
&D / /]rMumao;ygbl;&Sif? vGefcJhwJh 4-5-6 &uf twGif;rSmrS jzpfvmwmESifh wlygw,f? uRefru ar;MunfhawmhvJ
½Hk;udpöyguG,f? rif;ESifh rqkdifygbl;wJh? 'Dhjyifawmh ar;vkdUr&bl;&Sif}
&S m;/ /]ajymomajymyg rdef;uav;&JU? odorQudk tukefzGifhajymrS &Sif;vif;EdkifvQifvJ &Sif;vif;EkdifcGifh&rSmudk;
rdef;uav;&JU}
&D / /]'djyifawmh ajymp&m r&Sdygbl;&Sif? okdUaomf wpfnaewkef;uawmh olu zGifhajymawmhrvkd vkyfNyD;rS ½kwfw&uf
pum;jzwfypfvkdufw,f&Sifh? EdkifiHjcm;ukefonfBuD;awGuav {uefrkcs aiGrsm;rsm;ay;rSmyJ vkdUawmh wpfcGef;
ajymzl;w,f&Sifh}
&S m;/ /(£aNE´BuD;aom rsufESm jzpfay:vmvsuf) ]'Dhjyifaum}
&D / /]opömr&SdwJh vlwpfa,mufa,mufu BuHpnfr,fqkdvQif jzpfEkdifw,fvkdUvJ ajymzl;w,f? bmtaMumif;rSef;awmh
rod&bl;}
&S m;/ /]'Dvkdajymwm rMumao;bl; [kwfp}
&D / /]rMumvSao;ygbl;&Sif}
&S m;/ /]aemufqHk; armifMunfESifh awGUwJhnu taMumif;ajymprf;ygOD;}
&D / /]wevFmaeUnu udkMunfu uRefrudk *vkyfbkdifpukwf½HkrSm bkdifpukwfjyzkdU ac:vmNyD; tdrfu xGufvmMuawmh
Munfhjrifwkdifblwm½Hkem;rSm jAKef;qkd udkMunf aysmufoGm;w,f&Sifh}
&S m;/ /]b,fyHkaysmufwmvJ}
&D / /]bmwpfcGef;rS rajymbJ uRefr eHab;u ½kwfw&uf xGufoGm;ygw,f}
a&TOa'gif;
&S m;/ /]bmrS rrSmxm;cJhbl;vm;}

&D / /]bmrS rrSmcJhbl;&Sifh? 'gESifh uRefrvJ tHhMoNyD; tdrfjyefoGm;? reufusawmh udkMunf aow,fvkdU
Mum;&wmygyJ&Sif}
&S m;/ /]udkif;? awmfavmufygNyDAsm? vmAsdKU udkodef;armif? twGif;0efBuD;½Hk; wqdwf oGm;Munfh&atmifAsm}
vrf;c&D;ü ...
&S m;/ /]tpuwnf;u armifMunftay:rSm rouFmp&m jzpfaewJhtxJ ,ck axmufvSrf;NyD;Munfhjyefawmh omNyD;
rouFmzkdU jzpfaejyefNyDAsdKU? a,musfm;qkdwmrsdK;[m tdrfaxmifjyKr,fqkdawmh aiGvkdwmrsdK;uvm;Asm? rdef;uav;
udkawmif zGifhajymawmhrvkdU ol vkyfao;w,f? ckyHkawmhjzifh pmcsKyfudk olyJ xkwf,lw,fvkdU xif&Sm;ovkd jzpfaeNyD
ukdodef;armifa&}
uRefawmf/ /]okdUaomf vl½kd;uav; qkdwmyJAsm? wpfaMumif;uvJ wu,fqkdawmh olUrSm pmcsKyfawG ygNyD; jzpfvQif
b,fhES,faMumihf rdef;uav;udk ac:vmcJhNyD;rS ½kwfw&uf xGufoGm;&ovJAsm}
&S m;/ /]rSefw,f? 'DawmhvJ pOf;pm;p&m&Sdw,f? okdUaomf axmufvSrf;p&m&Sdwm tm;vHk; axmufvSrf;NyD;rS
qHk;jzwfMupdkUAsm}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUonf twGif;0efBuD;½Hk;odkU oGm;í ½Hk;tkyfESifhtwl pmcsKyfrsm;xm;aom rD;cHaowÅmudk Munfh½I
Muav\/ OD;pH&Sm;onf aomhaygufudk rSefbDvl;jzifh aocsmpGmMunfh½INyD;aemuf ½Hk;tkyftm; aus;Zl;wifaMumif; ajymí
tjyifodkU xGufvmMuav\/
¤if;aemuf ½Hk;aygufteD;&Sd jrufcif;rsm;udk aocsmpGm Munfhjyef&m OD;pH&Sm;onf xl;jcm;aom tjcif;t&mwpfckudk
jrifonfESifh uRefawmftm; ac:í jyav\/ ¤if;rSm xkdae&mü jrufrsm;rSm tjcm;ae&mrsm;rSmxuf EGrf;aMuvsuf
&Sdonfudk awGU&av\/
uRefawmf/ /]b,fvkd qkdcsifovJ}

&S m;/ /]'Dae&mrSm vlESpfa,muf jzpfap? oHk;a,mufjzpfap? axG;vHk;owfykwfMuzl;w,f qkdvQif rjzpfEkdif
aybl;vm;Asm}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfuJh jzpfEkdifzkdU&Sdyg&JU? okdUaomf 'DtrI[m b,folESifhrS axG;vHk;owfykwfp&m r&Sdwmu cufw,fAsm}
&S m;/ /]rqkdEkdifbl;av? jzpfEkdifwmavmuf usKyfu ajymygw,f}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfuJh? jzpfawmh jzpfEkdifavmufygw,f}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUonf tdrfokdUjyefvmMu&m vrf;c&D;ü
&S m;/ /]usKyfwkdU axmufvSrf;pHkprf;vkdU odcJh&orQ[mjzifh pmcsKyfudk armifMunf ckd;,laMumif; xif&Sm;onfxuf
xif&Sm;zkdU jzpfaeNyDAsdKU? ½Hk;jyifrSm jrufuav;awG aMurGaewJh tcsufuav; wpfckwnf;yJ olUbufu &Sdawmhw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]pmcsKyfudk ol ,laMumif;uawmh xif&Sm;aeygNyDAsm? jyef&zkdU twGufudkom cifAsm; BudK;pm;ygawmh}
&S m;/ /]jyef&bkdU udpöESifh pifppf ol ,lw,f ? r,lbl; qkdwmudk odzkdU udpö[mu wpfxyfwnf;yJAs? ol
wu,f,lovm;? r,lbl;vm; qkdwm aocsmatmif od&rS jyef&zkdU usKyfwkdU vkyfEkdifr,f? awG;vHk; wpfck&Sdwmu
bmvJ qkdawmh olUudk pmcsKyfxkwfay;zkdU vlwpfa,mufu ESL;aew,f? okdUaomf olu jiif;y,fcJhw,f? okdUaomf
[kdnuawmh 'Dvludk olu ½kwfw&uf jrifvkduf&avawmh ½kwfw&uf aemufa,mifcHNyD; vkdufoGm;&mrSm pmcsKyfawG

ckd;aewm awGUavawmh vkvm; ,ufvm; vkyf&mrSm jrufyifawGrsm; aMuavovm;vkdU awG;&wmudk;As}
uRefawmf/ /]qkdygOD;Asm}
&S m;/ /]'DvkdjzpfcJhvkdU&Sd&if armifMunfu atmfvm;[pfvm;vkyfNyD; ykvdyfvufudk 'Dvkd tyfvkdufzkdU&Sdw,f? ,ckawmh
'DvkdrvkyfbJ NidrfNidrfuav; jyefvmcJhjcif;udk axmufawmh pmcsKyfudk ckd;wJhvl[m olUtxufu vlBuD;rsm;
jzpfava&mhovm;vkdU awG;zkdU &Sdjyefw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]aomh&Sdwmuawmh twGif;0efBuD;ESifh tyg;awmfNrJ &SdwmyJAsm? twGif;0efBuD; ukd,fwkdifawmh [kwfr,f
rxifygbl;? 'Dawmh tyg;awmfNrJrsm;avvm;Asm}
&S m;/ /]oludk,fwkdif r[kwfaomfvJ olESifh ywfoufwJh vlxJu jzpfcsif jzpfEkdifw,fayghAsm}
uRefawmf/ /]okdUaomf cifAsm;[m awG;vHk;yJ &Sdaeygao;w,faemf}
&S m;/ /]rSefygw,f awG;vHk;ygyJ? okdUaomf EkdifiHjcm; ukefonfBuD;awG pm&if;MunfhtHk;r,fAsm}
uRefawmfwkdUonf tdrfokdU jyefa&mufMuaomtcg udktkef;azonf EkdifiHjcm; ukefonfBuD;rsm;\ pm&if;pm&GufESifh
tdrfrS apmifharQmfvsuf &Sdaeav\/
OD;pH&Sm;onf EkdifiHjcm;ukefonfBuD;rsm;\ pm&if;udk Munfh½Ií rpf&Sifvrf;ü aexkdifaom *syefvlrsdK; umvm0g;
qkdol\ trnfudk txl;rSwfom;xm;av\/ ¤if;aemuf xkdol\ taMumif;udk udktkef;aztm; ar;jref;Munfh&m
¤if;od&Sd&oavmufrSm xkdolrSm ukefonfBuD;[lí qkd&aomfvnf; ukefqkdifr&SdbJ jrefrmjynfrS xGufukef
0ifukefrsm;taMumif;udk axmufvSrf;pHkprf;aeaom *syefwpfa,muf jzpfaMumif;ESifh ajymjyav\/ xkdtcg
OD;pH&Sm;onf Munf&TifaomrsufESmxm; jzpfay:í vm\/ ¤if;aemuf OD;pH&Sm;onf ¤if; wpfa,mufwnf; pHkprf;&ef
udpö &Sdonf[k ajymí wkdufay:rS qif;oGm;av\/ oGm;cgeD;ü uRefawmfhtm; xkdnOfUtzkdU tjyifodkU
rxGufESifh&efvnf; rSmxm;cJhav\/
xkdnOfU 9 em&D tcsdefcefUwGif w,fvDzkef; EdI;pufusí OD;pH&Sm;\ toHjzifh vufESdyf"mwfrD;wpfckESifh
aqmufwpfvufudk qAdGKif;[kdw,fokdU ,lvmcJh&ef rSmxm;ojzifh uRefawmfonf ¤if;rSmxm;aom ypönf;rsm;udk
tHhMopGmESifh ,lNyD;aemuf wkdufrS qif;vmcJhav\/
[kdw,fokdU a&mufaomtcg OD;pH&Sm;onf tcef;i,fwpfckrS apmifhqkdif;vsuf&Sd&m
&S m;/ /]ygvmcJhvm;AsdKU}
uRefawmf/ /]ygcJhygw,f ? bmvkyfzkdUvJAsm}
&S m;/ /]odvdrfhr,fayghAsm? 'gxuf ajym&OD;r,f? armifMunf&JU tavmif;[m rD;&xm;trkd;ay:u usw,fvdkU
usKyfajymcJhw,f r[kwfbl;vm;}
uRefawmf/ /]rSefygw,f ? okdUaomf wHwm;ay:u uswmaum rjzpfEkdifbl;vm;Asm}
&S m;/ /]wHwm;ESifh tavmif;awGUwJh ae&mESifhu udkufaygif;oHk;q,favmuf a0;w,fAs? 'Dawmh 'Davmuf a0;a0;
a&mufatmif ypfcszkdU cJ,Of;vdrfhr,f}
uRefawmf/ /]'gjzifh trkd;ay:a&mufatmif b,fvkd wifrvJAsm}
&S m;/ /]vlrjrifatmifwifzkdU 'Dhjyifenf;awmh r&Sdbl;? ntcgrSm wHwm;ay:uaeNyD; rD;&xm;trkd;ay: okdU ypfcszkdU
enf;wpfenf;yJ&Sdw,f? 'DtwGif;rSm *syefukefonf vl½IyfBuD;wpfa,muf\ tdrf[muvJ rpf&Sifvrf;rSm
&Sdw,fqkdawmh awG;p&mwpfck r&bl;vm;Asm}
a&TOa'gif;
uRefawmf/ /]tppfyJAsdKU}
&S m;/ /]'gaMumihf? usKyfwkdU 'DuaeUn olUtdrfudk oGm;Munfhr,f? tddrfrSmawmhjzifh vl r&Sdbl;? usKyfwkdU azmufNyD;
0ifMu&vdrfhr,f}
uRefawmf/ /]vkyfjyefNyDAsm? azmufxGif;rIrsm; jzpfaeygOD;r,f}
&S m;/ /]tpkd;&udpöyJAsm? wu,fqkdawmh usKyfwkdU trIrjzpfEkdifygbl;}
uRefawmf/ /]vkyfAsm? 'gjzihf vkdufwmaygh}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUonf qAdGKif; [kdw,frS armfawmfbwfpfESifh vkdufvmMuí rpf&Sifvrf;ü qif;Muav\/

*syefvlrsdK; umvm0g;\ tdrfrSm rpf&Sifvrf;ü wnf&Sdí tawmfyif BuD;rm;aom tdrfBuD;jzpfav&m vlr&Sdojzifh
arSmifESifhrJrJ &Sdaeav\/
uRefawmfwkdUonf tdrfaemufwHcg;okdU oGm;í wHcg;rsm;zGifhjcif; twwfü vlqkd;wpfa,mufuJhodkU usifvnfaom
OD;pH&Sm;onf aqmufwpfvufESifh wHcg;vuf&Sufudk zGifhav\/
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUonf tdrfwGif;okdU 0ifMuí pmtkyfAD½kdrsm;? pm;yGJtHqGJrsm;udk arTaESmuf&SmazGMu&m
pmtkyfrsm;rSwpfyg; trIESifh ywfoufaom pm&Gufpmwrf;[lí wpfpHkwpf&mrQ rawGU&acs/ OD;pH&Sm;onf
vufravQmhao;bJ qufvufí &SmazGaomtcg t*Fvdyfowif;pmrS uyfaMu;ESifhñSyf,lxm;aom aMumfjim pm&Guf
uav;rsm;udk pmwpftkyf\ tMum;rS awGU&Sd&av\/
¤if;wkdUrSm av;&GufrQ jzpfí atmufygtwkdif; yg&Sdav\/
(1) oabmwlygNyD? taMumif;pHk pma&;vkdufyg/ umvm0g;/

(2) em;rvnfyg? pHkvifatmif pma&;xnfhyg? &vQif &jcif; aiGay;ygrnf/ umvm0g;/
(3) ta&;BuD;onf? tjrefr&vQif aiGray;Ekdif? pma&;yg? owif; pmrS aMumfjimxnfhí jyefMum;ygrnf/
umvm0g;/
(4) wevFmaeUn 9em&Dvmyg? ESpf csufacgufyg? tjcm;olr&Sd?? pdwfcsyg? ,lcJhvQifa iGacsygrnf/ umvm0g;/
OD;pH&Sm;onf ¤if;aMumfjimjzwfykdif;uav;rsm;udk zwf½INyD;aemuf twefMum pOf;pm;pdwful;ae&mrS

&S m;/ /][efNyDAsdKU? owif;pmwkdufudk oGm;zkdU tvkyfyJ &Sdawmhw,f}
aemufwpfaeU naeü OD;pH&Sm;onf naecif;xkwfa0onfh &efukefwkdif; owif;pmwpfapmifudk uRefawmfUtm;

ay;tyfí atmufyg aMumfjimudk jyav\/
,aeUn cgwkdif;tcsd efvmyg? ESpfcsufacgufyg? tvGefta&;BuD;onf/

umvm0g;/
¤if;aMumfjimudk awGUjrif&aomtcg uRefawmfonf OD;pH&Sm;\ vuf&mjzpfaMumif;udk wpfcgwnf; awG;rd\/
uRefawmf/ /]vmyghrvm;Asm}
&S m;/ /]vmaumif; vmygvdrfhr,fAsm? 'Dwpfcgawmh udktkef;azudkyg ac:rS awmfr,f? 'Dwpfcgawmh ieJ
rvGwfap&bl;AsdKU}
xkdnOfU 8 em&DcGJonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf uRefawmf ? OD;pH&Sm;ESifh udktkef;azwkdUonf rpf&Sifvrf;&Sd umvm0g;\

aetdrftwGif;okdU 0ifNyD;vQif arSmif&dyfBuD;xJ xkdifvsuf apmifhaeMuav\/ uRefawmfonf OD;pH&Sm;ESifh xkduJhodkU
apmifhqkdif;acsmif;ajrmif;&aom trIrsdK; rsm;cJhNyDjzpfaomaMumihf wkefvIyfjcif; r&Sdawmhacs/
ukd;em&D xkd;onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf tdrfa&SUrS ajcoHrsm; Mum&NyD;aemuf wpfcPrQ MumaomtcgwGif wHcg;udk
acgufoHESpfcsuf Mum;&av\/ OD;pH&Sm;onf xkdif&mrS xoGm;í wHcg;udk zGifhay;NyD;vQif vlESpfa,muf\ ajcoHonf
uRefawmfwkdUxH avQmufvmonfudk Mum;&\/ okdUjzpfí OD;pH&Sm;tjyif tjcm;olwpfa,muf ygvmaMumif;
uRefawmfwkdU od&\/
xkdtcg vlwpfa,muf\ toHu t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh
]b,fhES,faMumifh rD;rxGef;ovJAs? arSmif&dyfBuD;xJrSm b,fhES,fvkyfrSmvJ}
&S m;/ /]xGef;yghr,f? xGef;yghr,f}

[k ajymvsuf "mwfrD;cvkyfudk zswfceJ ESdyfvkduf&m wpfcef;vHk; "mwfrD;a&mifrsm; xdefvsuf &Sdav\/
rD;vif;aomtcg xkdolonf tHhtm;oifhaomtrlt&mESifh uRefawmfwdkUtm; Munfhvsuf &Sd&m uRefawmfwkdUuvnf;
tHhtm;oifhrd\/ taMumif;rlum; xkdolonf tjcm;r[kwf? tyg;awmfNrJ OD;odef;[ef\nD OD;odef;pH jzpfaeaMumif;
awGU&ayaomaMumifhwnf;/
OD;odef;pHonf uRefawmfwkdUudk jrifaomtcgü wpfcgjzifh cufacsNyD[laom rsufESmxm;rsdK;ESifh ukvm;xkdifay:wGif
xkdifav\/ xkdtcg
&S m;/ /]ukdif; udkodef;pH? uRefawmfwkdUu cifAsm; tjzpftysufudk tm;vHk;odNyD; jzpfw,f? 'Dawmh [kwfwkdif;rSef&m
udkom zGifhajymayawmh? taumif;qHk;rSmawmh rSefwJhtwkdif;ajzmifhcsufay;vQifawmh tjypf'PfayghzkdUuyg
ulnDaqmif&Gufay;zkdU tmrcHygw,f? wu,fqkdawmhAsm? pmcsKyfudk ,lvQif ,lwmaygh? vluav;udkawmh owfzkdU
raumif;ygbl;Asm}
pH / /]uRefawmf rowfygbl;Asm? 'Dwkdif; rSefygw,f? owfwmu uRefawmf r[kwf&ygbl;}
&S m;/ /]ukdif; 'gjzifh olUtavmif;udk avmfu,f&xm;acgifrkd;ay: rwifrD tjzpftysufudk ajymjyprf;Asm}
pH / /]ajymygawmhr,fAsm? rSefwJhtwkdif; usKyf ajymjyygawmhr,f? jrif;yGJESdyfpufvkdU BuHrdBuH&m BuHpnfrdwmawmh
rSefygw,f? okdUaomf armifMunfudkawmh uRefawmf rowf&ygbl;cifAsm? ,Hkygawmh? uRefawmf r[kwfygbl;}
&S m;/ /]umvm0g;qDu cifAsm; aiGb,favmuf&ovJ}
pH / /]5000d &ygw,f}
a&TOa'gif;
&S m;/ /]jzpfyGm;yHkudk ajymprf;Asm}

pH / /]armifMunfu uRefawmfhudk rouFmaewmm awmfawmfMumNyDAs? 'gaMumifh olu [kdnu usKyfaemufvkdufNyD;
acsmif;[efwlyg&JU? usKyfu 'DtdrfxJ 0ifvmawmh olu aemuf wpfcgwnf; 0ifvkdufvmNyD; pmcsKyfukd vkw,f?
'Dawmh umvm0g;u a'goBuD;ESifh rif; bm0if½IyfovJ qkdNyD; Zm0D'kwfESifh olUacgif;csvkdufwm yGJcsif;NyD;
aoyga&mAsm? 'Dawmh umvm0g;u olUtdrfxJrSm 'Dtavmif;BuD;awGUvQif ESpfa,mufpvHk; trIywfvdrfhr,f qkdNyD;
tavmif;udk pGefUMuzkdU pDrHw,f? 'gESifh awmfawmf nOfUeufvkdU vljywfwJh tcsdefrSm armifMunfhtavmif;udk
usKyfwkdUESpfa,mufcsDxkwfNyD; rpf&SifwHwm;qDa&mufawmh tif;pdefu avmfu,f&xm; tqkdufrSm &xm;acgifrkd;ay:
ypfcsvkdufMuw,f? usKyfwkdUuawmh olU tavmif;[m rD;&xm;ay: ygoGm;NyD; rSwfMuwm? b,fhES,faMumifh
'Dtem;wGif usae&pfcJhw,fvkdU rajymwwfygbl;Asm? usKyfwkdU ajc&may:csifvkdU xifyg&JU}
&S m;/ /]pmcsKyfawGuaumAsm}
pH / /]aMomf [kwfw,f? pmcsKyfoHk;ck uRefawmf ,lvmcJhwJhteuf wpfckom ta&;BuD;w,fvkdU umvm0g;u ,lNyD;
ESpfckudkawmh armifMunftay: txifa&mufavatmif olUtdwfxJ xnfhNyD; xm;vkdufMuw,f}
&S m;/ /]aomhaum cifAsm; b,fu &ovJ}
pH / /]ukdudkUaomhudk za,mif;yHkESdyfNyD; ,lxm;w,f? ukdudkvJ 'DtaMumif; &dyfrdavawmh pdwfraumif;NyD; olU a&m*g
omNyD; wkd;oGm;&Smwm xifwmygyJ? uRefawmf rkdufwmygyJ? jrif;yGJ ESdyfpufvkdU 'Dvkdjzpf&wmygyJ}
[k nnf;nLajymqkdav\/
&S m;/ /]ukdif; okdUaomf vGefNyDudk vGefNyD;apAsm? umvm0g;udk zrf;qD;zkdUtwGuf cifAsm; ulnD&vdrfhr,f? ol ,ck
b,frSmvJ}
pH / /]rEÅav; wufoGm;w,f}
&S m;/ /]olU vdyfpmudk cifAsm; odovm;}
pH / /]odygw,f}
&S m;/ /]udkif; 'gjzifh pmwpfapmif a&;prf;Asm}
¤if;aemuf OD;odef;pHonf OD;pH&Sm; apckdif;onfhtwkdif; pmwpfapmifudk t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh a&;om;av&m

jrefrmt"dyÜm,frSm atmufygtwkdif;jzpfavonf/
rd wfaqGumvm0g;
pmcsKyf rSm rpH kvifa o;? ta&;BuD ;aom pm&Gu fwpf ckv kd aeygao;onf? okdU&mwGif aiG 500d xyf rH í ay;rS
uRefawmf ay;Ekdif ygrnf? okdUjzpfí þpm&vQif &csif ; aiG 500d ESifh urf;em;vrf ; [kdw,fodkU vmcJ hyg?
paeaeUeHeuf jrif ;yGJ rD atmif vmcJh yg/
odef;pH
OD;pH&Sm;ESifh OD;tkef;azwkdUonf OD;odef;pHudk zrf;qD;aomfvnf; txuft&m&SdBuD;rsm;tm; tusdK;taMumif;ajymjyí

xkdowif;udk tkyfxm;cJh&m umvm0g;onf OD;odef;pH csdef;qdkonfhtwkdif; paeaeUü urf;em;vrf;[kdw,fodkU
qkdufa&muf vmonfESifh tqifoifh apmifhqkdif;vsuf&Sdaom ykvdyfrsm;\ vufodkU wnfhrwfpGm 0ifí wkd;av\/
okdU&mwGif xkdolonf zrf;qD;jcif; rcHvkdonfjzpfí ykvdyfrsm;u vufESifh rxdrudkifEdkifrD tusÐtdwfü ygaom
tqdyfykvif;udk aomufvkduf&m wpfcPcsif;wGif pif;pif;BuD; aoavawmhownf;/
NyD;ygNyD/
______
a&TOa'gif;
24/ a&eHacsmif;wGif;pm;½kd;wpfa,muf\ trII

wpfaeUaom eHeufcif;tcsdefü uRefawmfarmifodef;armifESifh rdwfaqGBuD; pHkaxmufarmifpH&Sm;onf ,ckumv
rdef;uav;wkdUrSm y&da,oe 0rf;pm &SmrDS;&jcif; usyfwnf;onfhtwGufaMumihf ysufpD;olrSmvnf; ysufpD;? w½kwf
ukvm; paom vlrsdK;uGJwkdUESifh aygif;oif;í bmomt,l0g' ysufjym;oluvnf; ysufjym;? awmifrus ajrmufrus
]ujym;uuwpf} uav;rsm; aygufbGm;&jcif; taMumif;rsm;udk nnf;wGm; ajymqkdvsuf&SdMupOf
&S m;/ /]pifppfawG;Muawmh rdef;uav;rsm;udkcsnf;vnf; tjypfwifzG,f r&Sdaybl; ukdodef;armif? usKyfwkdU jrefrmvlrsdK;

a,mufsm;uav;awG\ tjypfuvnf; xuf0ufavmuf ygayw,fAsmh}
uRefawmf/ /]bmvJ cifAsm;u rdef;uav;awG bufu a&SUaevkdufcsifvkdUvm;}
&S m;/ /]'gaMumifh r[kwfygbl;Asm? usKyfu vlwpfOD;wpfa,mufukd tjypfqkdwJh tcgus&if t&if;tjrpfusatmif
ppfppfaygufayguf awG;qwwfwJh 0goem&Sdw,fAs? cifAsm;pOf;pm;Munfhav? w½kwfukvm; tp&SdwJh EkdifiHjcm;om;
rsm;udk ,lwJh rdef;uav; wpf&mteufu tysdKpifppf b,fESpfa,mufygovJ? yxrOD;pGm usKyfwkdU trsdK;om;csif;
zsufwJh jrefrmvlrsdK; a,mufsm;uav;rsm;u cspfygw,f? BudKufygw,f? twnfwus aygif;oif;yghr,f tp&Sdojzifh
,HkMunfavmufatmif jzm;a,mif;aoG;aqmifNyD; ajymyga&mAsm? rdef;uav;rsm;u ,HkMunfNyD; cspfrd? BudKufrd?
arSmufrSm;rda&mAs? awmfawmfMumawmh bom;rsm;u opömazmufjym;NyD; bmjzpfoav;? nmjzpfoav;ESifh ,lawmf
rrlMubl;As? 'DvkdESifh wpfa,mufESpfa,mufarSmufrdvkdUemrnfawmfawmfysufwJhtcgusawmh 0rf;pmtwGuf usyfwnf;
wmu wpfrsdK; ? vlaumif;olaumif;udk r&Edkifwmu wpfrsdK; jzpfwJhtwGuf tcsdKUvJ jyKrdjyK&m jyKNyD; ysufpD;&m
ysufpD;aMumif; jzpf&Smyga&mAsm;? tcsdKUvJ w½kwf?ukvm; tp&SdwJh EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;udk ,lrd,l&m ,l&&Smyga&mAsm?
'Dvkd r[kwfbl;vm;Asm}
uRefawmf/ /]cifAsm; ajymwmvJ [kwfyg&JUAsm? okdUaomf opömr&SdwJha,mufsm;uav; wpfa,mufu a&S;OD;pGm
zsufqD;pOf tcgu rdef;uav;u bmaMumifh ,HkMunfNyD; arSmufrSm;&ovJ}
&S m;/ /]opömr&Sdbl; &Sdw,fqdkwm NyD;awmhrS odEkdifwmrsdK;ukdAs? ,HkMunfavmufajymjyefawmhvJ [kwfEkd;Ekd;
rSwf&SmMuwmyJ? NyD;awmhvJ 'DtrIrsdK; qkdwmu umr*kPfom;awG jzpfavawmh tmoa0guvnf; ruif;Edkif
Muao;wmESifh tBudKufudk vkdufNyD; ajymjyefNyD qkdrSjzifh ,HkrSm;wwfwmrsdK;uvm;As? 'DjyifwpfcsufuvJ usKyfwkdU
jrefrmvlrsdK; a,mufsm;uav;rsm;rSm Ak'¨bmom0ifjzpfaomfvJ vifom;r&SdwJh rdef;rysdKuav; qkdvkdU&Sd&if zsufqD;
aumif;w,fvkdUyJ rSwfxifMuw,f? vifom;&SdwmavmufudkyJ enf;enf; a&SmifMuw,f? oeom½kyfyESifh vifom;
r&SdwJh rdef;rysdK wpfa,mufudk jrifwJhtcgrSm qlqlNzdK;NzdK;&SdwJh om;aumif;wpfaumifudk awmom;rkqkd;wkdU jrifvkduf
aom tcg ypfcsifcwfcsif &SdovkdyJ? olwkdUpdwfxJrSm}
uRefawmf/ /]ypfcsifcwfcsif &SdwmyJvm;Asm}
&S m;/ /]qkdygawmhAsm? tJ'Dawmh rdef;uav;rsm;udk ½IwfcsuJh&JUwJh vlrsm;[m a,mufsm;uav;rsm;rSmvJ ckeifu
usKyfajymwJh tusifhqkd;rsm; aysmufuif;atmif[m MuyfMuyfBuD; uJh&JUzkdU aumif;w,fAsm}
uRefawmf/ /]cifAsm; ajymwmvJ rSefayw,f}
xkdcPü avSum;rS wufvmaom ajcoHukd Mum;NyD;vQif tcef;wHcg;udk acgufoHMum;&ojzifh armifpH&Sm;u

]0ifcJhav} [k ajymvkduf&m? toufoHk;q,f t&G,fcefU&Sdí tvHk;t&yf axmifaxmifarmif;armif; EIwfcrf;arG;
aumif;aumif;ESifh tawmftwefcefUjim;aom vlwpfa,mufonf tcef;wGif;okdU 0ifvmav\/
xkdolrSm befaumufykqdk;&Snf? wmz,fwm tusÐ&ifzHk;? acgif;aygif;tkyfaygif;ESifh ajymifvufaom ]aywif} &SL;zdeyf

rsm;udk 0wfqifxm;onfhjyif &wDESpfq,fausmfcefU&Sdaom pdefvufpGyfBuD;udk b,fwpfuGif;? nmwpfuGif; 0wfvsuf
vufoef;cefUrQ wkwfckdifaom a&Tem&DBudK;BuD;wGif pdefpDaom a':vmjym;BuD; wyfqifí qGJxm;onf jzpfaomaMumifh
&efukefom;vnf; r[kwf? rEÅav;om;vnf; r[kwf? ykdufqH ]0gvm;} ajrvwfom;wpfa,muf jzpfaMumif;udk
uRefawmfwkdU tuJ cwfrdMuav\/
xdkolonf armifpH&Sm; nTefjyaom ukvm;xkdifay:wGif xkdifNyD;aemuf uRefawmfwkdU ESpfa,muftm; wpfa,mufpD
MunfhNyD;rS armifpH&Sm;tm; pdkufMunfhí ]ukdpH&Sm;qkdwm rSwfw,f} [k ar;av\/ xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;u
[kwfaMumif;udk ajymaomtcg xkdolonf rnfodkUrQ rajymao;bJ cyfqkdif;qkdif; trlt&mESifh &SdaepOf
&S m;/ /]ajymp&m &SdwJhpum;udk ajymomajymygAsm? 'D[mu uRefawmfh rdwfaqG ukdodef;armifyg? uRefawmfhudk
,HkMunfbd ouJhokdU olUudkvJ ,HkMunfpdwfcsEkdifygw,f}
xdkol/ /]uRefawmfh udpöuenf;enf; &Sufp&maumif;vkdU vlrodapcsifwJh udpörkdUvkdUygcifAsm? okdUaomfvJ 'Dhjyifvl
rodapygbl;vkdU pdwfcs&&ifvJ NyD;wmygyJ}
uRefawmf/ /]pdwfcsygcifAsm}
xkdol/ /]uRefawmfu a&eHacsmif;u wGif;pm;½kd;? trnfrSmawmh armifbBudKif ygwJh? cyfi,fi,fu rdbrsm;ESifh
aepOftcgrSm uRefawmfwkdUtdrfrSm tckdif;tap jzpfwJh txufom; OD;ay:odkif; &JU orD; raiG,HkESifh cspfBudKufrd
Muwmudk; cifAs? OD;ay: okdif;u uRefawmfwkdU i,fi,fuav;uyJ wluav;wpfa,muf armifom"k? orD;uav;
raiG,HkESifh uRefawmfwkdU tdrfa&mufvmawmh uRefawmfESifh raiG,HkrSm armifvkdESrvkd cspfcifMu&mrS tkd;csif;xm;
tkd;csif;xd qkdwJhpum;vkd orD;&nf;pm; b0okdUwkdif a&mufcJhMuwmudk; cifAs? uRefawmfhpdwfuawmh tdrfrSm ckdif;apwJh
tapcH&JU orD;yifjzpfapumrl ,lr,fvkdU BuHwmygyJ? okdUaomf uRefawmf\ rdbrsm;u uRefawmfwkdU wGif;pm;½kd;
tcsif;csif; aphpyfxm;w,fqkdNyD; oabmrwlbJ &SdcJhwmudk;cifAs? NyD;awmh r½kdaohpum; ajym&apawmh? raiG,Hk rSmvJ
ayghayghyg;yg; r[kwfwJh tajca&mufaeavawmh olUtaz OD;ay:okdif; u qlr,f? ylr,f? t&SufcGJr,fESifh BuHK;0g;wJh
twGuf ol pdwfauseyfatmif[m a&eHwGif;&m oHk;av;uGuf ay;NyD; uRefawmfhudkvJ bBuD;rsm; &SdwJh rEÅav;NrdKU
ykdUxm;vkdufwmudk; cifAsm;? 'Dawmh OD;ay:okdif; om;tz? wlt&D;wkdU wpfpkwkdUvJ pdwfauseyfNyD; uRefawmfwkdU tdrfu
cGmNyD;wJhaemuf uRefawmfwkdU ay;wJh a&eHwGif;&mrsm;u yxrwef; a&eHwGif;BuD;awG aygufNyD; awmfawmfyJ
ckdifvHk<u,f0wJh tjzpfudk a&mufoGm; Muw,f}
&S m;/ /]uav;aum tzwfrwifbl;vm;}
BudK if/ /]uHtm;avsmfpGm uav;[mvJ tzwfrwif&Smbl; cifAsm? 'gESifh wpfESpfausmf ESpfESpf&SdvdkU uRefawmf pdwfajy
aysmufavmufNyD&,fvkdU uRefawmfh rdbrsm;u rEÅav;rS jyefac:wJhtcg raiG,HkrSm tar&duefjynfom; tif*sifeD,m
wpfa,mufESifh taMumif;ygESifhNyD; aewmudk; cifAsm}
xkdcPü armifpH&Sm;onf b,fhES,f&Sdp [laom rsufESmxm;rsdK;ESifh uRefawmfhtm; Munfhojzifh uRefawmfu NyHK;&,f

rdonfwGif armifbBudKifonf rvHkaom rsufESmxm;ESifh qufvufí
BudK if/ /]'Dvkdyg cifAsm? uRefawmfh oabmtwkdif;rSmawmh rdbrsm; oabmrwlvkdU r,l&apumrl rdbrsm;vufu
vGwfwJhtcgrSm wifhwifhw,fw,f awmif;&rf; ajymqkdNyD; ,lr,fvkdU tm;cJNyD; b,ftcgrS tcspfvJ rjy,f? oem;
u½kPmvJ rsm;pGm jzpfay:cJhygw,f cifAsm? tJ'gaMumifh rdbrsm;u olwkdU aphpyfxm;wmESifh ay;pm;rnfqkdwmawmif?
uRefawmf rBudKufwmESifhvJ ray;pm;pwrf;? rdbrsm; oabmrwlwmudkvJ r,lpwrf;qkdNyD; tjyeftvSef cH0efcsuf
ay;xm;Muygw,f cifAsm? uRefawmfu 'Dvkd pdwfxm;ayr,fh raiG,Hku uRefawmfhoabmudk rodvkdU vlrsdK;uGJ oGm;NyD;
,lrdwmudk; cifAsmh}
a&TOa'gif;
&S m;/ /]olUtazBuD;uaum vlrsdK;uGJESifh oabmwlwmayghav}

BudK if/ /]atmifr,f? tm*vlBuD;cifAsm;? olrsm;tdrfrSm tapcHvkyfzl;cJhayr,fh todtvdr®menf;wJh vlBuD; r[kwfbl;
cifAsmh? rdpäm'dXd rsufESmjzLukvm;ESifh ray;pm;ygbl; qkdNyD; twif;cHaevkdU wdwfwdwfuav; xGufajy;
Muw,fqkdyguvm; cifAsm;? tJ'gESifh vlBuD;u olUorD;tay:rSm temBuD;emNyD; aocef;jywfNyD;wJhaemuf olUwl
armifom"k udk vlBuD;pHk&mESifh ac:NyD; qkd;arGcH aumif;arGcH udwdÅrom;tjzpfESifh arG;pm;yga&mh cifAsm? aemuf
rsm;rMumrDtwGif;rSmyif OD;ay:odkif; rSm 96 yg;aom a0'em zdpD;ESdyfpufNyD; aocgeD;qJqJrSm vlBuD;pHk&ma&SUü &SdorQ
a&eHwGif; rsm;udk armifom"k wpfa,mufxJ tukefvTJNyD;ay;wmudk; cifAsmh}
&S m;/ /]qkdygOD;Asm}
BudK if/ /]'gESifh armifom"ku usef&pforQ tarGtESpfudk qufcHNyD; pm;aomufaexkdifcJhawmh vGefcJhwJhESpfu
raiG,Hka,mufsm; tar&duefom; tif*sifeD,mrSm bD-tkd-pD ukrÜPDu tvkyfjyKwfNyD; &efukef qif;oGm;Muyga&mh
cifAs]
&S m;/ /]raiG,HkvJ ygoGm;wmaygh}
BudK if/ /]ygoGm;w,fcifAs? uRefawmfhrSmvJ udk,fESifh taMumif;rqHkpnf;vkdU olwpfyg;ESifh nm;cJhapumrl cspfOD;cifOD;
jzpfonfhtwkdif; u½kPm pdwfrukefEkdifbJ ar;jref;pHkprf;rdwmaygh cifAsm;? olwkdU vifr,m;[m &efukefNrdKUrSm
tvkyfr&Sd? tudkifr&SdESifh awmfawmfqif;&Jaew,fvkdU Mum;w,f? vGefcJhwJh vxJuawmh armifom"ku uRefawmfhtdrf
vmNyD; olUESrqDu rusef;rrm jzpfaewJhtwGuf tjrefvkdufcJhzkdU pmwpfapmif&avawmh? oabFm qif;cgeD;rSm
uRefawmfhudk EIwfqufvmw,f cifAs? 'Dawmh uRefawmfuvJ &efukef a&mufa&mufjcif; raiG,Hkoufomonf?
roufomonf qkdwJhtaMumif; tjrefpmxnfhvdkufzkdU rSmxm;vkdufwmudk; cifAs}
&S m;/ /]EkdU xnfhvkdufuJhvm;}
BudK if/ /]wpfapmifrS rxnfhbl;cifAs? ol oGm;wm wpfvavmuf &SdNyD? vlvJ ray:vm? pmvJ wpfapmifrS
rxnfhbl;cifAsm? wpfcgwnf; pHk;pHk;jrKyfyga&m}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm;u pma&;NyD; rar;bl;vm;}
BudK if/ /]pma&; ar;&atmif olwkdU aewJh t&yfvJ uRefawmf rodbl; cifAs}
&S m;/ /]raiG,Hk a,mufsm;aewJh ae&maum rodbl;vm;As}
BudK if/ /]rodbl; cifAs? 'gaMumifh awGUatmif &Smay;apcsifvkdU cifAsm;qD uRefawmfvmcJhwmyJ}
&S m;/ /]emrnf b,fhES,fac: ovJ}
BudK if/ /]rpöwm uJvD wJhcifAsm}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm; pdwfxJrSm b,fvkd xifvkdUvJ? ½kd;½kd;om;om; [kwfw,f rxifvkdUvm;}
BudK if/ /]'Dpufq&mu a&eHacsmif;rSm aeuwnf;u vlvdrfvlaumuf wpfa,muf&,fvkdU olwkdU tcsif;csif;xJrSm
awmfawmfemrnfBuD;wJh vlyJ? ,ckawmh tvkyftudkifuvJ r&Sdbl;vkdU od&jyefawmh uRefawmfjzifh armifom"k twGuf
toufab;tEÅ&m,fudkawmif tifrwef pkd;&drfrdygw,f cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]armifom"k rSm om;r,m; r&Sdbl;aygh}
BudK if/ /]r&Sdbl; cifAs? vlysdKBuD;yJ}
&S m;/ /]'gjzifh tu,fvkdU armifom"k aoqHk;cJhvkdU&Sd&if olUtarGtESpfudk raiG,Hk &r,fayghav}
BudK if/ /]&if;&if;csmcsmqkd olwpfa,mufyJ &Sdw,f cifAs? olyJ &zkdU &SdwmyJ}

&S m;/ /]rpöwm uJvD &JU vlyHkyef; wqdwfavmuf ajymprf;ygAsm}
BudK if/ /]tjrifh ajcmufayausmfausmf? udkifZmbk&if EIwfcrff;arG;rsdK;ESifh tzsm;axmifaxmif? rsufcHk;wkwfwkwfESifh
awmfawmfcefUwJh bkdwpfa,mufyJ cifAsm? toufawmh 30 ESifh 40 twGif;ygyJ}
&S m;/ /]jrefrmpum; aumif;aumif; wwfovm;}
BudK if/ /]aumif;aumif;BuD;awmh rwwfbl;cifAs? enf;enf;yg;yg;yJ ajymwwfw,f}
&S m;/ /]udkif; awmfavmufygNyDAs? wwfEkdiforQ usKyfu BudK;pm;NyD; &Sm;ygOD;r,f? rMumrMum0ifNyD;ar;wmaygh?
wnf;awmh b,frSm wnf;ovJ}
BudK if/ /]&GdKif&,f[kdw,frSm wnf;ygw,f}
&S m;/ /]aumif;ygNyD? udpöxl;&ifvJ taMumif;Mum;ygr,f? cifAsm;uvJ rMumrMum 0ifNyD; ar;vmwmaygh}
xkdaeUrSpí uRefawmf\ rdwfaqG pHkaxmufarmifpH&Sm;onf &efukefNrdKU twGif; awGUavmufrnf xifaomae&mrsm;ü

axmufvSrf;ar;jref; pHkprf;jcif; jyKygaomfvnf; rawGUEkdifbJ &SdaecJh&m wpfaeUoü atmufygaMumfjim wpfckudk
&efukefNrdKU&Sd t*Fvdyfowif;pmwkduf tm;vHk;wkdUokdU xnfhoGif;aMumfjim&ef ay;ydkUav\/
w&m;Oaya'ES if havsmfnD atmif bmomtrsd K;rsd K;jzifh pmcsKyfpmwrf ;rsm; a&;om;wwfol wpfa,mufu
tvkyftudkif tvkd&Sdonf/ iS m;&rf;vkdolwkdUrS m atmufygvdyfpmtwkdif; ar;jref;pHkprf ;Edkif onf/
aMumfjimatmufüum; armifpH&Sm;onf rdrdtrnfudk vTJajymif;xnfhoGif;í ae&yfrSmrl [kwfrSefonfhtwkdif; azmfjy

vkdufav\/
xkdaMumfjimrsm; xGufay:vmNyD;onfhaemuf 3 &ufcefU Mum&Sdaomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf atmufygpmwpfapmifudk
&&Sdav\/
tvkyftudkif tvkd&SdcJhvQif 32 vrf; wkdufeHygwf 57 okd U 10 em&D ES ifh 11 em&D twG if ;vmapvkd onf /
tvkyfwkdufrS m oHk;xyfü jzpf avonf/
]]uavwif}}
xkdpmudk &&SdNyD;onfhaemuf
&S m;/ /]acsmfrvm; wnfhrvm;awmh rqkdEkdifbl;AsdKU? ukdodef;armif ? jyefpmawmhjzifh &NyD? ukdif; okdUaomf rwnfh&ifvJ
avQmf&wmrsdK;rS r[kwfbJav? oGm;NyD;Munfhvkdufprf;OD;r,f? b,fESpfem&D &SdNyDvJAsdKU udkodef;armif}
uRefawmf/ /]8 em&D cGJoGm;NyD cifAs}
&S m;/ /]'gjzifh xrif;jyifygap cifAsm? xrif;pm;NyD; oGm;rSyJ awmfr,f}
a&TOa'gif;
eHeufpm xrif;pm;NyD;onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf armifpH&Sm;onf tcef;wGif;okdU 0ifoGm;í wpfcPrQMumvQif vnfyif;

aumfvm zGmvsufaeaom &SyftusÐ? rGJa,mifa,mif &Sdaom ouúvyf tusÐtEGrf;? a&pD;aMumif;rsm; ay:vsuf&Sdaom
yk0g? wpfywf&pf aq;qkd;vHkcsnf? aemufydwfzdeyf tpkwfrsm;udk tvkyfjyKwfaeaom pma&;pmcsDwpfa,mufozG,f
0wfqifíxGufvm&m uRefawmfrSm ¤if;tm;Munfhí &,farmrdav\/
&S m;/ /]b,fhES,fvJ udkodef;armif? awmfawmfae&musovm;}

uRefawmf/ /]ckaersm; cifAsm;udk vlrsm; jrif&&if EdkifiHausmf pHkaxmufBuD; OD;pH&Sm;&,fvkdU b,folurS xifrSm
r[kwfbl;? tvkyfjyKwfNyD; oHk;av;q,fpm;tvkyfudk &SmaewJh pma&;wpfa,mufyJvkdU xifNyD;om;yJ}
[k ajymonfwGif armifpH&Sm;onf uRefawmfhtm; &,farmum EIwfqufí xGufoGm;av\/
armifpH&Sm;onf xkdaeUwpfaeUvHk; ray:vm? aemufwpfaeU tcsdefukefívnf; rjyefvmbJ &Sdaeav&um;
uRefawmfonf ¤if;twGuf pkd;&drfruif;jzpfonfESifh ¤if;ESifh rMumrMum wGJzufpHkaxmufcJhzl;aom tifpydwfawmf
armiftkef;aztm; tusdK;taMumif;ajymjy&m armiftkef;azrSmvnf; xkd&uftwGif; vlvnf; ray:vm?
w,fvDzkef;qufívnf; usef;usef;rmrm &SdaMumif; rajymMum;cJhojzifh uRefawmfuJhodkUyif pkd;&drfruif;jzpfcJhav\/
okdUjzpfaomaMumihfh armiftkef;az\ tBuHay;csuft& uRefawmfwkdUonf 32 vrf; wkdufeHygwf 57 okdU
oGm;a&mufMuav\/ wwd,txyfodkU wufrdMuaomtcg wpfzufaom tcef;rSm vl&Sdí wpfzufaomtcef;rSmrl
vlae[efvu©Pmr&SdbJ aomhydwfvsuf&Sdonfudk awGU&Sd&av\/ xkdtcg uRefawmfwkdUonf vl&Sdaom tcef;udk
acgufí0if&m bmblvlrsdK;wpfa,muf xGufvmí udpöudk ar;jref;av\/ armiftkef;azvnf; udpöudk ajymEkdiforQ
pHkprf;&if; ajymMum;NyD;aemuf aumif;rGefpGm vkyfudkifpm;aomufolwpfa,mufjzpfaMumif; od&Sd&onfESifh tjcm;tcef;ü
aexkdifolrsm;&Sdygoavm[k ar;jref;&mwGif vGefcJhonfhoHk;av;&uftcgu bkdESpfa,mufwkdUonf tdrf&SifxHrS
aomhrsm;&vmonfh vu©PmESifh tcef;okdUvma&muf zGifhvSpfMunfh½IaMumif;? ,if;okdU&SdpOf t&yfcyfjrifhjrifh
jrefrmvlrsdK;wpfa,muf a&mufvmí wpfcPrQ pum;ajymNyD;vQif oHk;a,mufom; twlwuG qif;oGm;Muonfudk
rdrdu tdrfa&SU0&efwmrS awGUjrifvkduf&aMumif;rsm;ESifh ajymqkdav\/ xkdtcg uRefawmfu jrefrmvlrsdK;\ vlyHkyef;udk
ar;jref;aomtcg uRefawmf\ rdwfaqG armifpH&Sm;ESifh wqkdufwnf;jzpfí aeaMumif;udk od&Sd&av\/ okdU&mwGif
xkdolwkdUonf rnfonfht&yfodkU xGufoGm;Muonfudkrl ar;jref;í r&acs/
xkdtcg uRefawmfwkdUonf ¤if;wkduf&Sif\ trnfae&yfwkdUudk bmblukvm;xH ar;jref;NyD;aemuf oGm;a&mufí
pHkprf;Mu&m tdrf&Sifukvm;BuD;u rdrdonf xkdoHk;av;&uftwGif;wGif 32 vrf;&Sd rdrd\ wkdufcef;aomhudk rnfoltm;rQ
ray;tyf&aMumif;? tu,fí wkdufiSm;&ef vlwpfOD;wpfa,muf vma&mufcJhvQif rdrd\ xHk;pHrSm rdrd\pma&;udk
aomhESifhwuG xnfhvkdufNrJomvQif jzpfaMumif;ESifh ajymqkd&mwGif wpfpHkwpfa,mufaomolonf wpfckaom
tBuHtpnfESifh tcef;wHcg;aomhudk za,mif; yHkESdyfNyD;aemuf aomhwlESifh oGm;a&mufzGifhvSpfjcif;jzpfaMumif; od&Sd&
av\/ xkdtcg uRefawmfESifh tifpydwfawmf armiftkef;azwkdUonf pHkaxmufarmifpH&Sm; aysmufqHk;í aeonfhtwGuf
pkd;&drfruif;jzpfonfESifh tESHUtjym; vkdufvHaxmufvSrf;Mu&m wpfaeUESifh wpfn &SmazGí rawGU&Sdaomtcgum;
uRefawmfwkdUrSm rsm;pGm ylyefaomu jzpfMu&av\/ wwd,aeU eHeuf t½kPfwufcsdefwGifrS armifpH&Sm;onf
OD;acgif;wGif 'Pf&mtBuD;tus,fESifh wkdufcef;odkU jyefvmí uRefawmftm; atmufyg tjzpftysufrsm;udk ajymjy
ojzifh od&Sd&av\/
______
armifpH&Sm;onf xkdaeUeHeuf 10 em&DtcsdefwGif 32 vrf; wkdufeHygwf 57 okdUoGm;a&mufí oHk;xyfodkU

wufrdonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf bkdwpfa,mufonf tcef;wpfckrS xGufvmí rdrdtm; tcef;wGif;okdU ac:iif
oGm;aMumif;? twGif;okdU a&mufaomtcg tcef;rSm jrLrIefrsm; zHk;tkyfvsuf tdrfaxmifypönf; [lívnf; wpfpHkwpf&m
rQ rawGU&Sd&aMumif;? twGif;cef;üum; pm;yGJa[mif;wpfckESifh ukvm;xkdifusdK;ESpfck &Sd&m? wpfckaom ukvm;xkdifüum;
bkdwpfa,muf xkdifaeonfudk awGUojzifh rdrd&Smaeaom rpöwmuJvDyif jzpfonfudk od&Sd&ojzifh 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om
jzpfrdaMumif;? armifpH&Sm;tm; ae&mxkdifcif;ay;NyD;aemuf ¤if;bkdBuD;u rdrdrSm tdrfrsm;udk taygiftESHcHjcif;? aiGwkd;
acs;iSm;jcif; tp&SdaomtvkyfrsdK;wkdUudkjyKvkyf&ojzifh pmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm;udk jrefrmvkdjzpfap? t*Fvdyfvkdjzpfap? a&;om;
wwfonfh vlwpfa,muf vkdaeaMumif;rsm;ESifh ajymqkdaomtcg armifpH&Sm;u ¤if;pmcsKyfrsdK;udk a&;om;
wwfygaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdaMumif;? xkdUjyif þwkdufcef;rSm rdrd\ wkdufcef;r[kwfojzifh rdrd\ tvkyfwkdufokdU ac:iif
oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdNyD;vQif trnfae&yfudk ar;jref;&m armifpH&Sm;u aMumfjimwGif yg&Sdaom trnfESifh
ae&yfwkdUudk xkwfazmfajymqkdaMumif;? ¤if;aemuf oHk;OD;om;wkdUonf um;wpfpD;ay: okdU wufMuNyD;vQif armif;ESif
apaMumif;? ¤if;um;rSm ]qD'if} um; jzpfonfhjyif tdrfwGif;ykef;ukvm;rrsm; toHk;jyKonfhum;uJhodkU jywif;ayguf
rsm;ü uefUvefUumrsm; csxm;onf jzpfaomaMumifh twGif;rS xkdifí vkduf&aom armifpH&Sm;onf tjyifokdU
rjrifEkdifonfjzpfí rnfonfht&yfokdU um;udk armif;ESifí oGm;onfudkyif rod&Sdvkduf&aMumif;/
armifpH&Sm;rSm ¤if;bkdrsm;onfum; vlqkd;rsm; jzpfaMumif;udk od&Sdí rdrdtm; ,if;uJhokdU ac:aqmifoGm;jcif;rSmvnf;
aumif;aom tBuHtpnfESifh ac:aqmifjcif; r[kwfaMumif;udk &dyfrdaomfvnf; ¤if;bkdrsm;onf armifom"ktm;
rnfonfht&yfü 0Sufxm;onfudk odvkdonfjzpfí owd0d&d,udk rayghravsmhapbJ em;rsufpdrsm;udk zGifhvsuf
vkdufoGm;&jcif; jzpfaMumif;/
em&D0ufcefUrQ armif;ESifrdMuaomtcg armfawmfum;onf ½kwfw&uf &yfwefUNyD;vQif bkdESpfa,mufwkdUonf
armifpH&Sm;tm; um;ay:rS qif;apaMumif;? armifpH&Sm;onf um;ay:rS qif;aomtcg tdrfBuD;wpfaqmif\ qif0if
atmufü a&mufaeaMumif; od&Sd&ojzifh t&yfav;rsufESmokdU trSwfrJh arQmfMunfhvkduf&m xkdtdrfBuD;rSm jynfvrf;BuD;
ay:ü aqmufvkyfxm;aom tdrfBuD;jzpfaMumif;udk od&Sd&aMumif;/ tdrfwGif;okdU 0ifrdonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf
armifpH&Sm;onf rqvmESifh arT;BudKifpGm csufjyKwfxm;onfh trJ[if;vsmwkdU\ teHUtoufrsm;udk &&SdaMumif;/
¤if;aemuf bkdESpfa,mufwkdUonf armifpH&Sm;tm; wpfckaom pm;yGJcef;odkU ac:iifoGm;NyD;vQif bdpwdwfwpfyGJESifh
vufzuf&nf aygifrkefU tp&SdonfwkdUudk auR;arG;NyD;aemuf tdrftay: xyf&Sd tcef;wpfcef;odkU ac:oGm;aMumif;?
tcef;wGif;üum; pm;yGJwpfck ? ukvm;xkdif oHk;av;vHk;? pmtkyftenf;i,fwkdU tjyif pm;yGJay:ü pma&;&ef riftkd;?
uavmifwHrsm; &Sdav&m bkdESpfa,mufwkdUonf ukvm;xkdifwGif xkdifMuNyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;tm;vnf; wpfckaom
ukvm;xkdifü xkdifapaMumif;/
¤if;aemuf EIwfcrf;arG;aumif;aumif;ESifh tBuD;trSL;vkyfaombkdu armifpH&Sm;onf t*Fvdyfpm rnfrQavmuf
wwfuRrf;aMumif;udk prf;oyfvkdonf[k ajymNyD;vQif t*Fvdyf0w¬Kpmtkyfwpftkyfudk xkwfay;í jrefrmbmomjzifh
jyefqkd&ef trdefUay;NyD;vQif bkdESpfa,mufvHk;wkdUonf tcef;jyifokdU xGufoGm;Muí wHcg;udk tjyifrS
ydwfxm;vkdufaMumif;? armifpH&Sm;onf pm;yGJwGif xkdifNyD;aemuf tcef;\ tajctaeudk Munfh½I&m tcef;rSm
wpfvufrcefU xk&Sdaom oHwkdifrsm; pkdufxlí xm;onfhtjyif tcef;wHcg;rSmvnf; tjyifrS
aomhcwfíxm;NyD;jzpfaomaMumifh rdrdtm; tcsKyfcsíxm;aMumif;udk od&Sd&aMumif;? bmomjyeftvkyfrSm
Oyg,fwrnfrQ ckdif;apcJhaom tvkyfjzpfaMumif;udk armifpH&Sm; &dyfrdaomfvnf; rdrd&dyfrdonfhtjzpfudk xkdolrsm;
rodapjcif;iSm bmomjyefvkyfief;udk onf;onf;rnf;rnf; jyefqkda&;om;vsuf&SdaMumif;/
vkyfief;udk ae0ifonfhwdkifatmif aqmif&Gufojzifh zl;puwfpuúLESifh 10 rsufESmcefU NyD;pD;vwfaomf armifpH&Sm;onf
xkdif&mrS xí jywif;aygufESifh wHcg;wkdUudk prf;oyfzGifhvSpfygaomfvnf; ckdifNrJpGm ydwfxm;onfudk awGU&Sd&aMumif;/
xdkcPü ajcoHMum;ojzifh rdrdae&modkU tajcrysufjyefí xkdifaepOf ,cifu bkdwpfa,mufonf pm;p&m
a&TOa'gif;
aomufp&mrsm;udk vifyef;ESifhxnfhvsuf tcef;wGif;okdU ,lvmcJhí pm;aomuf&efajymNyD;vQif za,mif;wkdif wpfwkdif

udk xGef;ñSday;cJhNyD;aemuf tjyifodkUwpfzefxGufoGm;í a&S;enf;twl wHcg;udk ydwfxm;cJhaMumif;/ armifpH&Sm;rSm
qmavmifrGwfodyfonfjzpfí vifyef;wGifyg&Sdaom uwfwvdyfrsm;? aygifrkefUwpfvHk;ESifh aumfzDrsm;udk 0rf;jynfh
atmif pm;aomufNyD;aemuf aq;wHudkaomuf&if; xkdbkdrsm;onf raiG,HkESifh armifom"k armifESrESpfa,mufwkdUtm;
rnfonfht&yfü odk0Sufí xm;onfrs;udk awG;awm pdwful;vsuf &SdcJhaMumif;/
wpfem&DcefUrQ Mumaomtcg raiG,Hk\a,mufsm; rpöwmuJvDonf tcef;wGif;okdU 0ifvmí armifpH&Sm;tm;
,ckuJhokdU usyfwnf;pGm csKyfaESmifí xm;&onfudk 0rf;enf;aMumif;? okdU&mwGif rdrd\udpörSm tvGefw&m
ta&;BuD;aom udpöjzpfí rvTJomaomaMumifh jyKvkyf&aMumif;? ,if;uJhodkU csKyfaESmifjcif;cH&ojzifh
qif;&J'ku©a&mufonfh twGufudkvnf; tvkyf0wÅ&m; NyD;pD;aom tcgü tcaMu;aiG ykdrkday;urf;rnfjzpfaMumif;ESifh
ajymqkdaMumif;/
¤if;aemuf tdyfcsdefwefaomtcg ¤if;tcef;ESifh uyfvsuf&Sdaom tcef;wHcg;udk zGifhay;í armifpH&Sm;tm; xkdtcef;odkU
0ifap&m? ¤if;tcef;rSm tdyfcef;wpfck jzpfí ukwifarGU&m jcifaxmif tp&SdonfwkdUESifh tNynfhtpHk &Sdonfudk
awGU&aMumif;/
¤if;aemuf rpöwmuJvDonf armifpH&Sm;tm; EIwfqufNyD;vQif tcef;jyifokdU xGufoGm;í tcef;wHcg;udk tjyifrS
aomhcwfxm;cJhaMumif;? armifpH&Sm;onf tdyf&mokdU r0ifrD tcef;\tajctaeudk Munfh½Ijyef&m ¤if;tcef;rSmvnf;
tvkyfvkyfaomtcef;uJhodkUyif jywif;aygufrsm;wGif oHwkdifrsm;jzifh vHkNcHKpGm um&Hvsuf &Sdonfudk awGU&Sd&aMumif;/
armifpH&Sm;onf tdyf&mokdU 0ifNyD;aomfvnf; tdyfraysmfEkdifao;bJ ¤if;trIESifh pyfvsOf;í awG;awm pdwful;vsuf
&Sdae&m 12 em&D tcsdefcefU Mumaomtcg ¤if;tdrfBuD;twGif; wpfckaomtcef;rS vlwpfa,muf nnf;nLonfh
toHudk Mum;&aMumif;/ xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;onf tdyf&mrS aigufceJ xíxkdifNyD;vQif em;pGifhvsuf&Sd&m
nnf;nLaomtoHonf cyf&Snf&SnfqGJvsuf &Sd&mrS wpfpHkwpfa,mufaomolu nnf;nLol\ yg;pyfudk
ydwfvkdufbdouJhodkU ½kwfw&uf toH &yfpJí oGm;aMumif;/
xdktcg armifpH&Sm;rSm nnf;nLaomolonfum; armifom"kyifjzpfrnfhtaMumif;udk ,HkrSm;oHo,r&Sdaomfvnf; rdrd
udk,fwkdifrSm xdktcsdeftcgü csKyfaESmifjcif;cH&vsuf&SdonfjzpfaomaMumifh rnfodkUrQrwwfEdkifao;bJ aemiftcsuf
aumif; ay:aygufrnfudkomvQif apmifhqkdif;arQmfvifhvsuf aecJh&aMumif;/
xkdUaemuf qufvufíem;axmifygaomfvnf; rnfonfhtoHudkrQ rMum;&bJ wpftdrfvHk; wdwfqdwfpGm
&SdaeaomaMumifh armifpH&Sm;onf Ekd;Ekd;Mum;Mum;&Sdatmif owdjyKNyD;vQif tdyf&mokdU 0ifaMumif;/
eHeufvif;aomtcgü rpöwmuJvDdukd,fwkdif tdyfcef;odkU 0ifvmí armifpH&Sm;tm; tvkyfcef;okdU ac: oGm;NyD;vQif
aumfzDESifhrkefU rsm;udk jyifqifauR;arG;aMumif;/ ¤if;aemuf ,refaeUu bmomjyefvkyfief;udk qufvufvkyfudkif&ef
ajymqkdNyD;vQif rpöwmuJvDonf tjyifodkU xGufoGm;jyefaMumif;/
11 em&DtcsdefcefUwGif eHeufpmauR;arG;NyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf ¤if;vkyfief;udk qufvufvkyfudkifvsuf &Sd&m 3
em&Dxkd;onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf rpöwmuJvDonf pm&Gufwpf&Gufudkudkifí tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifvmNyD;vQif armifpH&Sm;tm;
pm&Gufudkay;í ¤if;twkdif; wdwdusus jrefrmbmomjzifh jyefqkda&;om;&ef ajymqkdNyD;vQif armifpH&Sm;a&;&eftwGuf
wHqdyfawmf ]acgif;} puúLpm&Gufudkvnf;ay;tyfaMumif;/ armifpH&Sm;onf t*Fvdyfbmomjzifha&;om;xm;aom
pm&Guf udk zwf½I&m ¤if;rSm a&eHacsmif;NrdKUü &Sdaom armifom"kydkif a&eHwGif; 3 wGif;ESifh aetdrfrsm;udk tbkd;aiG
oHk;aomif;ESihf a&mif;csaMumif;? ¤if;ypönf;rsm;twGuf tbkd;aiG oHk;aomif;udkvnf; wpfygwnf; &&SdNyD;jzpfaMumif;/
armifpH&Sm;onf ¤if;pmcsKyfudk awGUjrif&aomtcg ,ciftcgu rpöwmuJvD\ tBuHtpnfudk okdUavm odkUavm[k
pdwfxJü 'dG[jzpfcJhygrl xkdtcgüum; armifom"konf rpöwmuJvDvufwGif;odkU usa&mufvsuf &SdaeNyDjzpfaMumif;udk
tenf;i,frQ ,HkrSm;oHo, jzpfzG,f&m r&Sdacs/ xdkpmcsKyfukd jrifojzifh armifpH&Sm;ü 0rf;ajrmufzG,ftaMumif;wpfck

jzpfay: onfrSm armifom"konf xkdtcsdeftcgü touf&Sifvsufyif &Sdaeao;aMumif; xif&Sm;ayaomaMumifhwnf;/
armifpH&Sm;onf cdkif;aponfhtwkdif; ,cifu pmcsKyfudk wHqdyfawmf ]acgif;} puúLay:wGif jrefrmbmomjzifh
jyefqkda&;om;vsuf&SdpOf rpöwmuJvDonf teD;rSmxkdifí pD;u&ufrsm; aomuf½Ivsuf&Sd&m NyD;pD;onfESifhwpfNydKifeuf
rpöwmuJvDonf xkdif&mrSxí armifpH&Sm;tm; rdrdESifhtwl vdkufcJh&efac: oGm;aMumif;/
armifpH&Sm;onf ¤if;\ aemufrS vkdufoGm;í tdrfatmufxyf&Sd wpfckaomtcef;wGif;okdU a&mufaomtcg
rpöwmuJvDESifh BuHazmfpnfbufjzpfaombkdonf wpfckaompm;yGJwGifxkdifvsuf ¤if;\teD;üum; jrefrmrdef;r
wpfa,muf ESifh a,mufsm;wpfa,mufonf ukvm;xkdifwpfckpDü xkdifvsuf &SdMuonfudk awGU&Sd&aMumif;/
a,mufsm;jzpfolrSm tvGefw&m BuHKvSDazsmhawmhí tm;tifukefcrf;aeonfh vu©Pm&Sdav&m rdef;rjzpfolrSmrl
rpöwmuJvDtm;vnf;aumif;? BuHazmfjzpfaom bkdBuD;tm;vnf;aumif; tvGefw&m aMumuf&GHUxdwfvefUonfh
vu©Pm&SdaMumif;? xdkolESpfa,mufwkdUrSm tjcm;r[kwf? armifom"kESifh raiG,Hk wkdYyif jzpfonfudk armifpH&Sm;
awG;awmrdaMumif;? armifpH&Sm;ESifh rpöwmuJvDwkdU tcef;wGif;okdU 0ifvmonfudk jrifonfESifhwpfNydKifeuf
armifom"konf oem;pzG,ftm;i,faom rsufESmxm;ESifh iHkUvsuf&Sd&mrS vSefíMunfhvkduf&m raiG,HkrSmvnf;
rpöwmuJvDudk jrifvQif t½kduftESufcH&zl;aom acG;onf MumyGwfudkifí vmaom rdrd\ocifudk jrifonfhtcg
aMumuf&GHUvSbdouJhokdU aMumuf&GHU[ef vu©Pm &SdaMumif;/
tcef;wGif;okdU 0ifrdvQif rpöwmuJvDu csdKomaom rsufESmESifh armifom"ktm; jrefrmbmomjzifh ]b,fhES,fvJ
armifom"k ? aeaumif;ygp} [k ar;aomtcg armifom"konf pum;ajym&efrS tiftm;r&Sdonfhvu©PmESifh rnfodkUrQ
rajymbJ rsufvHk;uav;udk vSefí MunfhaMumif;/ xkdtjcif;t&mudk armifpH&Sm;awGUjrif&aomtcg armifom"krSm
ñSif;yef;ESdyfpufjcif; cHae&onfudk oem;u½kPm tm;BuD;vSonfjzpfaomaMumifh wpfa,mufESifh ESpfa,mufrQ
jzpfonf[k trSefodcJh&ygvsuf xGm;usdKif;aom bkdrsm;yifjzpfaomfvnf; rdrdu OD;atmif ckcHESdyfpufvkdaom
pdwfqE´jzpfay:cJhaMumif;/
okdU&mwGif ¤if;tdrftwGif;ü xkdolESpfa,muftjyif tjcm;aom BuHazmfpnfzufrsm; &Sdao;avoavm[k taotcsm
rajymEkdifonf jzpfaomaMumifh tu,fí rdrdu ta&;edrfhcJhygrl rdrd\ BuH&G,fcsuf txrajrmufbJ qkd;0g;aom
tajctaeodkU usa&mufrnfudk pkd;&drfaomaMumifhomvQif rdrd\ pdwfudk tEkdifEkdifcsKyfwnf;í xm;cJh&aMumif;/
¤if;aemuf rpöwmuJvDonf ¤if;wHcg;udk zGifhvkduf&m rqvm tp&Sdonfh arT;BudKifaomteHUwkdUjzifh
xnfhcwfcsufjyKwfxm;aom trJ[if;vsmwkdU\ &eHUonf ¤if;tcef;twGif;okdU wkd;0ifvm&m armifom"krSm
¤if;teHUwkdUudk cHpm;&avojzifh oGm;&nfrsm;usvsuf nnf;nLrdavaMumif;/
xkdtjcif;t&mudk armifpH&Sm;awGUjrif&aomtcg xkdolwkdUonf armifom"ktm; tpmtiwfxm;NyD;vQif rdrdwkdU\
tvkdokdUygatmif pm;csifzG,faumif;aom teHUwkdUjzifh qGJiifjcif;jzpfaMumif;udk &dyfrdcJhaMumif;/
armifom"krSmrl pm;yGJay:ü vufwifí vufay:ü OD;acgif;csum rvIyfr&Sm; &Sdav&m rpöwmuJvDu armifpH&Sm;tm;
t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh ]tifrwef npfywfwJh oli,fwpfa,mufyJ cifAsm? usKyfwkdUqDu aiGoHk;aomif;udkawmh ,lNyD;
'DpmcsKyfudkawmh vufrSwfrxkd;csifbl;? w,fqkd;wJh vlwpfa,mufyJ? okdUaomf ,ck rxkd;&if eufzefawmh
xkd;ygvdrfhr,f? cifAsm;udkvJ oufaotjzpfESihf atmufu vufrSwfxkd;apzkdU usKyfwkdU BuH&G,fjcif;jzpfw,f?
wpf&ufavmuf apmifhygOD; cifAs} [k ajymNyD;vQif armifpH&Sm;udk a&S;enf;twl tay: xyf&Sd tcef;wGif;okdU ac:
oGm;í vHkNcHKpGmwHcg;ydwfxm;cJhaMumif;/ xkdtcsdef xkdtcg wkdifatmif armifpH&Sm;onf xkdtdrfrS xGufajy;&ef
tBuHtpnf rjyKjzpfcJh&m ,ckrSmrl rdrdodvkdorQudk od&Sd&NyDjzpfí rdrdudk,fwkdif a&S;OD;pGm xGufajy;wdrf;a&Smif&ef
ta&;BuD;cJhNyDjzpf&um; armifpH&Sm;onf xGufajy;&ef enf;vrf;udk tBuHxkwfcJhaMumif;/ okdUjzpfaomaMumifh
armifpH&Sm;onf xkdnOfUü aomhydwfíxm;aom wHcg;rsm;udk zGifhaomt&mXmeü olckd;rsm;uJhodkU usifvnfol
wpfa,muf jzpfaomaMumifh 10 em&DausmfvGefí vlajcwdwfonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf rdrd\ tcef;wHcg;udk zGifhNyD;vQif
a&TOa'gif;
ajcoHrMum;atmif tdrfaemufokdU vmcJh&m wHcg;udk awGUojzifh prf;oyfpHkprf;um &SdaeonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf ?

armifpH&Sm;onf OD;acgif;ü av;vHaom t&m0w¬KwpfckESifh jyif;xefpGm ½kdufESufvkdufonfudk od&Sd&NyD;aemuf
rsufvHk;xJü rD;yGJrsm; Munfh&bdouJhokdU 0if;0if;ajymifajymif awmufavmifonfrsm;udk awGUjrif&NyD;vQif
rl;a0arhajrmí oGm;aMumif;/
owd&vmojzifh rsufpdudk zGifhMunfhvkdufaomtcg ...
owd&vmojzifh rsufpdudk zGifhMunfhvkdufaomtcg arSmifESifhrnf;rnf; &SdaeonfudkomvQif awGUjrif&NyD;aemuf

wpfckaomtcef;rS w,fvDzkef;EId;puf bJvfay;oHMum;&ojzifh armifpH&Sm;onf tBuH&NyD;vQif toHMum;&mokdU
vufjzifhprf;oyfoGm;a&mufaMumif;? w,fvDzkef;udk awGUaomtcg em;Muyfudk aumuf,lem;axmifí w,fvDzHk;½Hk;okdU
'DtdrfrSm vlawG 'ku©jzpfaew,f? 'DeHygwfESifh teD;qHk; ykvdyfXmemESifh jrefjrefqufay;prf;yg[k ajymvkdufaomtcg
w,fvDzkef;½Hk;rS rdef;uav;onf &dyfrdonfh vu©PmESifh aumif;NyD[k ajymNyD;vQif XmemESifh qufoG,fvsuf
&SdaMumif;/
wpfcPrQ Mumaomtcg
]b,folvJ bmudpövJ }
[k ar;ojzifh
]usKyf armifpH&Sm;av? b,fXmemuvJ}

[k jyefar;aomtcg
]ajreDukef;XmemuyJ ? bmudpövJ q&m }

[k ar;aMumif;/
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;u þeHygwfudk pHkprf;í ykvdyfav;ig;a,muf csufcsif; vkdufcJh&ef rSmxm;NyD;vQif armifpH&Sm;onf

,cifu vJaeaom ae&modkU oGm;í tajcrysuf vSJvsuf &SdaMumif;/
xkdokdU &SdonfhtckdufwGif armifpH&Sm;onf wkdufay:rS qif;vmonfh ajcoHrsm;udk Mum;&NyD;aemuf rpöwmuJvDESifh
tjcm;bkdwpfa,mufonf rD;wpfwkdifudk udkifvsuf qif;vmMuonfudk awGUjrif&av&m armifpH&Sm;onf rsufpdudk
rSdwfí owdr&a,mifaqmifvsuf&SdaMumif;/
xkdolESpfa,mufwkdUonf teD;wGif&yfvsuf armifpH&Sm;rSmrl rdrdwkdU\ tBuHtpnfudk odoGm;NyDjzpfaomaMumifh
¤if;\toufudk rnfonfhenf;jzifh qHk;½HI;atmif pD&if&rnfudk wkdifyifvsuf &SdMu&m armifpH&Sm;rSmrl vJvsuf&Sd&mrS
xkdpum;rsm;udk Mum;&ojzifh ykvdyfrsm; vma&mufygap [líomvQif qkawmif;vsuf &SdaecJh&aMumif;? aemufqHk;ü
xkdolESpfa,mufwkdUonf armifpH&Sm;\ vnfrsdKudk vufjzifh ñSpfowfMuNyD;vQif tavmif;udk tdrfESifh a0;&m vrf;ay:
odkU ypfxm;&ef oabmwlnDMuNyD;aemuf ¤if;tBuHtwkdif; taoowfypfawmhrnf[k armifpH&Sm;\ teD;okdU
vma&mufMuonfwGif tdrfa&SUü um;wpfp;D qkdufa&mufvmNyD;aemuf wHcg;udk qlnHpGm wD;acguf xkd;ESufvsuf
&Sdonfh toHrsm;udk Mum;&aMumif;/ aemufwpfcPü wHcg;udk av;vHaom t&m0w¬KwkdUjzifh ½kdufESufcsdK;zJhNyD;aemuf
ajcoH tajrmuftjrm;wkdUonf tdrfxJokdU ajy;0ifvmMu&m armifpH&Sm;tm; owfrnfqJqJ &Sdaeaom bkdESpfa,muf

wkdUonf tdrfaemufrS xGufajy;rnfjyKonfwGif tqifoifh apmifhpm;vsuf &Sdaom ykvdyfom; av;a,mufwkdU\
vufwGif;odkU usa&mufMuav\/
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;ESifh ykvdyft&m&SdwkdUonf tdrftwGif;ü tESHUtjym;&SmazGMu&m wpfckaom tcef;wGif;ü
armifom"kwkdU armifESrudk awGU&Sd&aMumif;/
xkdoltm;vHk;wkdUtm; XmemokdU ac:aqmifoGm;NyD;vQif bkdkESpfa,mufwkdUudk tcsKyfcef;odkU oGif;xm;NyD;aemuf
&ufaygif;rsm;pGm tpmrpm;&ojzifh csnfheJUvsuf &Sdaom armifom"ktm; pm;p&mrsm; auR;arG;Mu&aMumif;/
armifpH&Sm;onf txufyg taMumif;t&mrsm;udk jyefajymNyD;aemuf
]pHkaxmufcJh&wm trIaygif; rsm;vSygNyDAsm? 'DwpfrIusrS xdyfuGJNyD; jyefcJh&w,f udkodef;armif}
uRefawmf/ /]xdyfuGJaywJh? uGJ&usdK; eyfygao;&JUAsm? cifAsm;om xdyfuGJcHNyD; rpHkaxmuf&if [kdcjrmrSm touf qHk;½HI;
&SmawmhrSmyJ}
aemufwpfaeU armifbBudKifonf ar;jref;pHkprf;NrJwkdif; uRefawmfwkdU\wkdufokdU a&mufav&m armifom"k armifESrwkdU

&efolUvufwGif;rS vGwfuif;cJh&onfhtaMumif;ESifhwuG rpöwmuJvDwkdUudkvnf; vuf& zrf;qD;rdaMumif; od&Sd&
aomtcg wpf&mwef puúLig;csyfudk tdwfxJrS xkwfay;í tqif;&J tyifyef;cHNyD;vQif axmufvSrf;pHkprf;í ay;onfh
twGuf aus;Zl;rsm;pGm wifygaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdav\/ bkdvlqkd;ESpfa,mufwkdUrSmrl tifwmae&Sifavm [k ac:aom
Oya't& EkdifiHjcm;om;rsm;jzpfojzifh xkdufoifhonfhtm;avsmfpGm pD&if&ef tar&duefjynfodkU jyefvnf ykdUo vkduf&
avownf;/
NyD;ygNyD/
______
a&TOa'gif;
25/ eef;pOfywåjrm;trIü armifpH&Sm;pHkaxmufyHk

uRefawmf\ rdwfaqG pHkaxmufBuD;armifpH&Sm;onf ta&;BuD;aom trIwpfckü rEÅav;NrdKUodkU xGufoGm;ojzifh
uRefawmfwpfa,mufwnf; &efukefNrdKUü ae&pfcJh&m wpfaeUoü armifpH&Sm;xHrS tjrefvma&muf&ef aMu;eef;
wpfapmifudk &&Sdonfjzpfí uRefawmfvnf; rD&m pmydkU&xm;ESifh rEÅav;NrdKUodkU vkdufygoGm;cJhav\/
rEÅav;blwm½HkodkU qkdufa&mufaomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf uRefawmftm; BudKqkdvsuf&Sd&m ypönf;rsm;udk jrif;&xm;
wpfpD;ay: okdU wifNyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf jrif;&xm;udk a*g0defqdyfurf;odkU armif;ESifapav\/ vrf;c&D;wGif
uRefawmf/ /]a*g0defqdyfurf; b,folUtdrfrSmwnf;ovJAsm}

&S m;/ /]b,folUtdrfrS wnf;zkdU r[kwfbl;As? pmykdUrD;oabFmESifh Aef;armfudk usKyfwkdU vkdufMu&r,f}
uRefawmf/ /]eef;pOfywåjrm; trIyJ r[kwfvm;As}
&S m;/ /]rSefygw,f? onftrIygyJ}
uRefawmf/ /]b,fhES,fvJAs? rEÅav;a&muf&if tom,l½HkyJqkd ? bmjzpfjyefvkdUvJ}
&S m;/ /]tom,l½Hk½k,fvkdU vmcJhwm? onfa&mufawmh trIu awmfawmf½IyfaeNyDAs? okdUaomf oabFmay:usrS
onfudpöudk tukeftpif usKyfajymNyD;jyOD;r,fAsm}
oabFmqdyfurf;okdU a&mufMuaomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf uRefawmf\ 0efpnfypönf;rsm;udk 'kwd,cef;jzpfonfh
oabFmyJhydkif;odkU ro,f,lapbJ oabFmOD;cef; yxrwef;odkU ulvDrsm;tm;o,f,lwifydkUap&m ...
uRefawmf/ /]b,fhES,fvJ q&mBuD;&JU? vGefvGef;vSacsuvm;Asm? yxrcef; pD;r,fvkdUvm;}

&S m;/ /]tomaeprf;ygav? olrsm;p&dwfESifh oGm;&wJh tcgrSm aumif;aumif;rGefrGef acsmifacsmifcsdcsd oGm;vm&&if
raumif;bl;vm;}
[k &,farmum ajymqkdaomfvnf; armifpH&Sm;onf yxrwef;ü pD;eif;jcif;rSm &,f&G,fcsuf wpfpHkwpfck &Sdonf[lí
uRefawmf\ pdwfü &dyfrdav\/
]wmyif} ac: pmykdUonf aemufwpfaeUü rEÅav;NrdKU qdyfurf;rS xGufoGm;rnfjzpfí vkdufygrnfh c&D;onfwkdUonf
xkdaeUnaecif; tcsdefuyif oabFmokdU qif;oufí oabFmütdyfMuonfjzpf&m uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdUrSm
oabFmOD;&Sd wpfckaomacsmifü xkdifNyD;vQif armifpH&Sm;onf qif;vmaom c&D;onfrsm;udk trSwfrJh Munfh½Ivsuf
&Sdav\/ npm xrif;pm;csdefa&mufaomtcgc&D;onfjzpfaom bkdrESpfa,mufESifh bkdoHk;a,mufwkdUonf qif;vm
Mu&m armifpH&Sm;onf npmxrif;udk ¤if;wkdUESifh twl rpm;vkdonfjzpfí tcef;wGif;okdU jyifqif,lcJh&ef bwfwvm
udk trdefUay;í rSm,l pm;aomufMuav\/
npm pm;aomufNyD;pD;í uRefawmfwkdUonf tcef;jyifodkU xGufvmMuaomtcg w½kwfujym;wpfa,muf?
t&m&SduawmfESifhwlaom jrefrmrdef;rBuD;wpfa,muf? ¤if;\ orD;wpfa,muf? aygif;oHk;a,mufwkdUonf oabFmodkU
qif;vmMuí yxrcef;jzifh pD;eif;vkdufyg&ef tcef;rsm;awmif;qkdvsuf &SdMuav\/ w½kwfujym;rSm touf 30
ausmf t&G,fcefU&Sdí Oa&mywkdufom;uJhokdU 0wfqifvsuf pwkdifaumif;aumif;ESifh tawmftwef [efBuD;yefBuD;
&Sdaom ol wpfa,muf jzpfay\/ ¤if;rSm w½kwftapcH wpfa,muf? jrefrmvlrsdK; tapcH oli,fuav;wpfa,muf
yg&Sdav\/
rif;uawmfBuD;ESifh wlaom rdef;rBuD;rSm cefUcefUnm;nm; £ajEódu©mESifh jynfhpHkvsuf cyf½dk;½kd;yif &Sd[efwlay\/

¤if;\ orD;rSmum; touf 18 ESpft&G,fcefU &Sdí t*Fvdyfausmif;xGuf jzpf[efoP²mefwlav&m t½kyft&nf
jzLjzLpifpif ao;ao;oG,foG,f &Sdvsuf uRefawmfawGUjrifzl;cJhorQaom oli,fr taygif;wkdUwGif tacsmqHk;tvSqHk;
xJü wpfa,muf tygt0ifjzpfonf[k qkd&acsrnf/ ¤if;\ t½kyft&nfacsmarmvSyjcif;xuf 0wfpm;yHk? zD;vdrf;yHk
useajyjypfjcif;? yg;eyfzswfvyfjcif;? tvGefw&m vl&nfv,fjcif; tp&Sdaom *kPftjcif;t&mwkdUuyifvQif omvGef
xl;uJacs\/ pD;u&ufuav;udk EIwfcrf;zsm;wGif rckdUw½kdUñSyfvsuf rsufcHk;uav;udk csDum MumrqefUwqef
rsufESmay;jzifh NyHK;NyHK;uav;vkyfum pum;ajymonfudk jrifaom a,mufsm;wkdif;wkdUrSm ¤if;rdef;uav;onfum;
tlwlwl xkdif;wkdif;wkdif; r[kwfaMumif;udk aumif;aumif;BuD; tuJcwfEkdif&ef &dSay\/ ¤if;wkdU om;trdESifh
w½kwfujym;rSm tawmftwef tuRrf;w0if&SdMuonfh vu©Pm &Sd&m tcef;rSmrl rsufESmcsif;qkdif wpfcef;pD
vkdufygvmMuav\/
armifpH&Sm;rSmrl ¤if;wkdU oHk;OD;a&mufvmMuonfudk jrif&onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf om;eHU&aom trJvkdufacG;uJhokdU
em;&GufwpGifhpGifh &Sdav\/ okdU&mwGif ¤if;\ trlt&mrSmrl ¤if;wkdUtm; ta&;,lonfh vu©Pm r&Sdonfhjyif
xkdolrsm; 0ifvmonfh wpfcPü wpfcsufrQ pkdufai;um MunfhvkdufNyD;aemuf ¤if;wkdU&Sd&mokdU ausmcdkif;vsuf
aq;wHudk taiGUwacsmif;acsmif;xGufatmif aomufzGmNyD;vQif ¤if;rS xGufaom rD;ckd;rsm;onf vlUjynfü
Munfh½IzG,ftaumif;qHk;jzpfonf[k xifrSwfonfh vu©PmESifh vufydkufpdkufai;um Munfhaeav\/
¤if;wkdU a&mufvmNyD;onfhaemuf wpfcPrQMumaomtcg jrefrmt&m&Sdaygufpuav;ESifh wlaom vlwpfa,muf
onf oabFmokdUqif;vm&m w½kwfujym;ESifh vnf;aumif;? rif;uawmfBuD; om;trdESifhvnf;aumif; oduRrf;a[mif;
jzpfonfhvu©PmESifh tenf;i,fEIwfqufNyD;aemuf uRefawmfwkdU xHokdU avQmufvmí
]tvkd OD;pH&Sm; yguvm; cifAsm;? b,f<ur,fvkdUygvdrfhr,f? 0rf;ajrmufw,f cifAsm;? awGU&wm}
&S m;/ /]Aef;armfudk cP oGm;r,fvkdUygyJ}
xkdol/ /]bmudpöygvJ cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]vnf&if;ywf&if;ygyJ armif? armifaum b,foGm;rvkdUvJ}
xkdol/ /]uRefawmfvJ Aef;armfudk opfawm0efaxmuftvkyfESifh oGm;&w,f cifAsm}
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;ESifh xkdolwkdUonf pum;tenf;i,f qufvufajymqkdMuNyD;aemuf xkdolonf atmufokdU
qif;oGm;aomtcg
&S m;/ /]*GusvkdufavAsm? todESifh vmawGUaejyefygNyD? usKyfrdwfaqG wpfa,muf&JUom; armifxGef;atmifwJh? 'gxuf
OD;pH&Sm;vkdU olu ac:vkdufwJhtcgrSm w½kwfujym;u zswfceJvefUoGm;wm cifAsm; jrifvkdufuJhvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]uRefawmfvJ owdxm;vkdufrdw,f? onfuwnf;u ol[m uRefawmfwkdUudk tuJcwfaerSef;vJ
uRefawmf &dyfrdw,f}
&S m;/ /]*Gusw,fAsm? okdUaomf rwwfEkdifbl;av? ÓPfomolu &MurSmy}
xkdnü armifxGef;atmifqkdaom opfawm 0efaxmufuav;rSm tcef;oD;oefU r&Ekdifonfjzpfí uRefawmfwkdUESifhtwl
wpfcef;wnf; tdyfMu&onfjzpf&m armifpH&Sm;ESifh uRefawmfwdkUrSm xkdtaMumif;udk xyfavmif;í wkdifyifMu&ef
tcGifhr&Muawmhacs/
______
a&TOa'gif;
eHeufvif;ojzifh oabFmonf rEÅav;NrdKU qdyfurf;rS xGufcJhNyD;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUonf vufzuf&nf

aomufMuNyD;vQif armifpH&Sm;onf oabFmatmufxyf OD;ydkif;ü uyÜDwef\ tcef;teD;okdU uRefawmfhtm;ac:NyD;vQif
ajymjyonfrSm
&S m;/ /]usKyfwkdU ,ckvkdufyg&jcif;[m eef;pOfywåjrm; trIESifh ywfoufNyD; vkdufMu&jcif;jzpfaMumif;udk

t>rufavmufawmh cifAsm; odNyD;NyD? okdUaomf pHkpHkvifvif ajymNyD;jyOD;r,f? onfvkdAs? ]&efBuD;atmif 0w¬K} udk cifAsm;
a&;pOftcgu a&Tbkdawmifvuf rusnf;wHk&Gmae r*Grf;jzLvufokdU bBuD;awmfbk&m;u vuf0wfvufpm;
ausmufoHywåjrm;rsm;udk csD;jr§ifh ay;oem;awmfrlw,f qkd r[kwfvm;}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfuJh? bBuD;awmfbk&m; tdrfedrfhawmf pHawmfrlonfhtcgu awmolwpfa,mufESifh taMumif;ygcJhNyD;
arG;zGm;cJhwJh orD;awmfjzpfvkdU eef;awmfac:NyD; wpfaqmifwpfa,mifxm;í bk&ifhorD;awmf wpfa,mufjzpfonfESifh
avsmfnDpGm csD;jr§ifhajr§mufpm;pOfu vuf0wfvufpm; ausmufoHywåjrm;rsm;udk ay;zl;ygw,f}
&S m;/ /][kwfNyD? aemufNyD;awmh r*Grf;jzL[m vlqkd;BuD; armifrkd;vHk;ESifh taMumif;ygNyD;? om; cifarmifnGefU udk
arG;w,fqkd r[kwfvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]onfvkd r[kwfbl;As? r*Grf;jzLu a&TbkdNrdKU0efrif;ESifh cspfBudKufNyD; om; cifarmifnGefUudk arG;?
aemufNyD;rS rolZmvkdU emrnfajymif;NyD; armifrkd;vHk;ESifh &jyefw,f}
&S m;/ /]atmf [kwfayw,f? usKyfu cifAsm; pmtkyfzwfxm;wm Mumavawmh cyfarharhjzpfaew,f? aumif;NyD?
onfawmh olUcrnf;awmf csD;jr§ifhwJh ausmufoHywåjrm;[m cifarmifnGefUwkdU rESif;NrdKifwkdU vufxJudk a&mufw,fqkd
r[kwfygvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]rSefygw,f}
&S m;/ /]tJ'DausmufoHywåjrm;rsm;teuf ,ckaetcgqkd&if tzkd;aiG wpfodef;cefU xkdufwefwJh jrBuD;wpfvHk;ygw,fAs?
¤if;jrBuD;[m cifarmifnGefU rESif;NrdKifwkdU om;ajr; tpOftquf ul;ajymif;NyD;vmcJhwm awmfawmfMumatmif
wdrfjrKyfaeNyD; aemufqHk;owif;t&rSm a&TbkdNrdKUu armifomvSqkdwJh vl&JU vufxJudk a&mufoGm;owJh? ¤if;
armifomvS vufu wpfcg "m;jyrsm; wkdufckduf,loGm;jyefawmh owif;ikwfoGm;jyefa&m? ikwfoGm;&mu wpfcg
&efukefNrdKUu r*dkvrf; ywåjrm;ukefonf vmvmqkdif qkdwJh bmblBuD;u owif;&vkdU ¤if;jrBuD;udk tzkd;aiG 80000d
ESifh pum;ajymNyD; jzpfw,f? olwkdU pum;ajymxm;yHku onfvkdwJh? bmblBuD;u udk,fpm;vS,fvTwfNyD; rEÅav;u aiG
80000d ESifhapmifh? olwkdUu jrBuD;udk vmNyD;tyf? tyfwJhtcgaiGacs? onfvkdqkdudk;As}
uRefawmf/ /]aumif;yg&JUAs}
&S m;/ /]onfawmh bmblBuD; udk,fpm;vS,fqkdwm wjcm;ol r[kwfbl;? usKyfyJAs? 'gESifh usKyfu aiG 80000d udk
bmblBuD;qDu ,lvmcJhNyD; rEÅav;udkvm? vmNyD; olwkdUcsdef;wJhae&moGm;? oGm;NyD;apmifhaeawmh vlwpfa,muf
armBuD;yef;BuD;ESifh tcef;xJ ajy;0ifvmNyD; jrBuD;udk olUvufu vlckd;oGm;jyefNyDwJh ajymjyefa&mh? ajymvkdU usKyfu
aysmufqHk;yHkudk ar;jref;wkef;yJ &Sdao;? [kdvlu yGufueJ aoG;awG tefNyD; usKyfa&SUwGifyJ aojyefygava&mAs}
uRefawmf/ /]jzpf&avAsm? EkdU b,fvkdrsm; owif;&ao;ovJ}
&S m;/ /]usKyfvJ tJ'Dvl ajymEkdifoavmuf ajymjyvkdU Mum;&wJhowif; twkdif; axmufvSrf;Munfhvkdufawmh?
¤if;jrBuD;[m ,ck pmydkU oabFmrSmygw,fvkdU usKyfwGufudef; &w,f}
uRefawmf/ /]w½kwfujym;ESifh rif;uawmf vkdvkd om;trdESpfa,muf [m rSwfw,f}
&S m;/ /]tif; olwdkUvufrSmyJ ygovm;? b,fenf;ESifh ,lcJhovJawmh trSefrajymEkdifbl;? okdUaomf onftrIrSm
w½kwfujym;[m {uEÅ wpfenf;enf; qufoG,fjcif; &SdaMumif;udkawmh usKyf &dyfrdw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]olwdkUu b,foGm;rSmwJhvJ}
&S m;/ /]w½kwfujym;u tif;&Gm qkdwJh qdyfurf;rSm qif;vdrhfrwJh? om;trdESpfa,mufuawmh Aef;armfxdatmif
vkdufr,fvkdU oabFmpma&;BuD;u ajymw,f? tif;&Gmqkdawmh eufjzefrGef;wnfhavmufrS a&mufvdrfhr,f?
onftawmtwGif; BuHzkdUpnfzkdU tcsdefawmfawmf &Sdyg&JUav? okdUaomf udkodef;armif rif;uawmfBuD;&JU orD;
rpdefMunfESifh wqdwf tuRrf;0ifatmif vkyfNyD; cifAsm; wwfEdkifoavmuf wD;acgufNyD; Munfhprf;Asm}
uRefawmf/ /]bmrif;uawmfBuD;wJhvJAs}
&S m;/ /]olUa,mufsm;u Aef;armfNrdKUrSm e,fjcm; ta&;ydkif vkyfzl;w,f? tckawmh r&Sdygbl;? ao&SmygNyD}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUonf oabFmtay: xyfodkU wufvmcJhMuav\/ wmyifac: pmykdUoabFmBuD;onf

jrpfaMumif;wavQmuf qefwufí vmcJhpOf c&D;onfwkdUonf wpfOD;ESifh wpfOD; todrdwfaqGzGJUí a&maESmum
pum;pjrnf ajymqkdvsuf&Sd&m aeUwpf0ufrQ Mum&SdvQif Oa&mywkdufom; oHk;a,mufwkdUonfvnf;aumif;? opfawm
0efaxmufuav; armifxGef;atmifonf vnf;aumif;? w½kwfujym;onf vnf;aumif;? uRefawmfonf
vnf;aumif; rpdefMunf\ aemufokdU waumufaumuf vkdufygMuí rpdefMunfESifh tuRrf;w0if a&maESm
ajymqkdcGifh &apjcif;iSm olUxufig BudK;pm;vsuf &SdaeMuav\/ uRefawmfrSm armifpH&Sm;\ rSmxm;csufaMumifh
,if;okdU jyKvkyf&jcif;jzpf&m w½kwfujym;rSmrl uRefawmfwkdU tm;vHk;udk &efoluJhokdU rSwfxif[efjzifh
jiLplapmif;ajrmif;um &SdaecJhav\/
¤if;aeUnaeü uRefawmfonf oabFmatmufxyf OD;ykdif;teD;wGif uHtm;avsmfpGm rpdefMunfESifhawGUí rpdefMunfu
csrf;at;vSojzifh ¤if;\ wbufudk oGm;a&muf,líay;&ef ajymonfESifh uRefawmfonf ¤if;\ rdcifxH
oGm;a&mufawmif;,l ay;urf;NyD;vQif pum;ajymqkdvsuf&SdMupOf rpdefMunfu ½kwfw&uf uRefawmf\ bufokdU
vSnfhí
Munf/ /]&Sifh rdwfaqG OD;pH&Sm; qkdwmu pHkaxmufBuD; OD;pH&Sm;qkdwm rSwfw,f? [kwfvm;&Sif}
uRefawmf/ /]rSefygw,f rpdefMunf}
Munf/ /]&SifwkdU tckvmMuwm trIpHkaxmufzkdU vmcJhMuwmqkd}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfuJh ? vnf&if;ywf&if; qkdwmvkd}
Munf/ /(uRefawmfh rsufESmudk aphaphMunfhvsuf) ]&SifwkdUtrIu eef;pOfywåjrm; trI r[kwfvm;&Sifh}
[k ½kwfw&ufar;vkdufojzifh uRefawmhfrSm rxifonfh ar;cGef;udk ar;vkdufonfhtwGuf tHHhMojcif;rS rajyaysmufrD
twGif;wGif rpdefMunfonf pD;u&ufuav;udk zGmum uRefawmfhtm; cyfNyHK;NyHK;rsufESmxm;ESifh rsufpdwpfzuf rSdwfí
NyDovkdvkdjyKNyD;vQif oabFmtay:xyfokdU wufajy;av\/ uRefawmfrSm ¤if;\trlt&mudkvnf;aumif;? ar;cGef;\
&nf&G,fcsufudk vnf;aumif; em;rvnfbJ awG;awmpkdufai;um usef&pfae&\/
uRefawmfonf xkdtaMumif;udk armifpH&Sm;tm;ajymjy&ef oabFmtay: xyfokdU wufvmaomtcg rpdefMunfonf
w½kwfujym;ESifh &,farmum pum;ajymqkdaeMuonfudk awGUjrif&\/ w½kwfujym;\trnfrSm avmpdef
jzpfavonf/
armifpH&Sm;onf uRefawmfajymjyaom pum;ukd Mum;&aomtcg £ajE´BuD;aom rsufESmxm;ESifh aq;wHudk aomuf
½SLvsuf pum;wpfcGef;rS rajymbJ &Sdaeav\/
a&TOa'gif;
pmykdUoabFmonf oydwfusif;NrdKUü tpdk;&t&m&Sdrsm; wufMuonfjzpfí tcsdefMuefUMumcJhonfjzpfaomaMumifh

nOfUtdyf&mpcef;jzpfaom MumñSyfNrdKUodkU tcsdefapmapm ra&mufEkdifbJ rv,f&GmrS xGufonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf
"mwfrD;xGef;í ckwf&av\/ ,if;uJhodkU nc&D;jzifh ckwfESifvsuf &SdpOf uRefawmfonf oabFmOD;wnfhwnfhrSm
ukvm;xkdifay:wGifxkdifvsuf avmpdefESifh rpdefMunfwkdU om;trd\ tuJudk cwf&if; oabFmOD;rS wef;í xkd;aom
"mwfrD;a&mifudk Munfh½Ivsuf&SdpOf armifpH&Sm;onf uRefawmf\teD;odkUvmí vufukwfum ac:oGm;ojzifh xí
vkdufoGm;&av\/ oabFmatmufxyfokdU a&mufaomtcg
&S m;/ /]uHaumif;vkdU csrf;csrf;pD;pD;ESifh a&ul;rae&w,fAsm}
uRefawmf/ /]bmaMumifhvJAs}
&S m;/ /]oabFmyJhykdif;em;rSm usKyfu oHwkdifudk vufaxmufNyD; aq;jyif;vdyfwpfvdyfudk aomuf&if; trItaMumif;udk
pOf;pm;aewkef; jzKef;qkd usKyfacgif;ay: wnfhwnfhu "mwfrD;a&mif xkd;vkdufw,fAs? 'gESifh usKyfu tay:udk
armfvkdUvJ Munfhvkdufua&m? "mwfrD;a&mifvJ aysmufoGm;a&m? 'gESifh usKyfu b,fvkdtaMumif;ygvdrfhrvJvkdU
pOf;pm;aewkef; vlwpfa,mufu jzKef;qkd aemufu vmwJhNyD; usKyfudk aygifESpfacsmif;uae xrf;<uvkdufyga&mAs?
usKyfvJ cifAsm;odwJhtwkdif; awmfawmfawmh Avaumif;wJhvlyJ? EkdYaywJh [kdvlUvufxJrSmawmh uav;uav;vkdjzpfNyD;
½kef;vJr½kef;Edkif? z,fvJ rz,fEkdif jzpfaeyga&mAs? olUtBuHu bmvJ qkdawmh usKyfudk oHwkdifay: ausmfatmifxrf;NyD;
a&xJypfcsrvkdUukd;As? usKyfu oHwkdifudk qGJxm;r,fvkyfawmhvnf; rqGJrdvkdufbl;? tm*vl? usKyfwpfudk,fvHk;udk
oHwkdifay: ausmfatmifxrf;NyD; a&xJ ypfawmhr,f qJqJrSm usKyfu tBuH&NyD; vufu aq;jyif;vdyfudk rD;&J&JESifh
olUrsufESm odyfxkd;pkdufvkdufwmudk;As? onfawmhrS ]]tl[d}} qkd atmfNyD; usKyfudk vTwfcsajy;oGm;wmudk;As}
uRefawmf/ /]onf[m b,folUvufcsufxifvJ}
&S m;/ /]avmpdefESifhwlwmyJ? okdUaomf oludk,fwkdif vkyfwmr[kwfbl;? olUwynfh aygufazmfESifhwlw,f? okdUaomf
tif;&Gm ra&mufcif wpfapmif;u acsmif;NyD; MunfhMuao;wmyav}
aemufwpfaeUü uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdUonf avmpdef\ tapcHw½kwfudk *½kpkdufí MunfhMuygaomfvnff;

rawGUjrifMubJ &SdaeMuav\/
pmykdUoabFmonf MumñSyfrS xGufcGmNyD;aemuf uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdUonf xkdudpöESifh ywfoufí rnfuJhodkU
jyKvkyf&rnfudk wkdifyifvsuf&SdMupOf opfawm0efaxmuf armifxGef;atmifonf tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifvmí pdwfqkd;aom
trlt&mESifh
atmif/ /]w,fvlyg;0wJh w½kwfcifAsm}
&S m;/ /]bmvJ armifxGef;atmif&JU? b,fu w½kwfvJ}
atmif/ /]avmpdefqkdwJh taumify cifAsm? rdef;rjrifwkdif; ykd;&r,fcsnf; olu atmufarhaew,f? awmfEkdifrvm;
cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]um,uH&Sifu pHkrufvkdU &Sd&ifvJ atmufarhxkdufaywmyarmif}
atmif/ /][m? b,fhES,fcHEkdifrvJ cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]rcHvkdU armif b,fhES,fwwfEkdifovJ}
atmif/ /]&efjzpfatmif &efpNyD; yg;csrSmaygh cifAsm? vlyg;0wJh aygufazmf}
&S m;/ /]t&m&Sdwpfa,muf vkyfaeNyD; udk,fhudk,fudk t½l;jzpfatmif rvkyfygESifharmif&,f? pHkrufvkdU &Sd&ifvJ

pHkrufaMumif;udk zGifh[NyD; ajymvkdU udk,fhzufyg&ifvJ ygwmaygh? ryg&ifvJ olUpHkruf&mayy armif}
atmif/ /][kwfawmh [kwfyg&JU cifAsm? EkdYayr,fh aygufazmfu udk,fhtay: wpfyef;omoGm;rSm uRefawmf
&SufvSw,fcifAsm}
[k ajymNyD;aemuf armifxGef;atmifvnf; tcef;jyifodkU xGufoGm;av\/ ¤if; xGufoGm;vQif
uRefawmf/ /]udk,fhvlawmh tawmfpGJaeNyD xifw,f}

&S m;/ /]trSefyJ? ae&musvQifus rusvQifawmh aygufazmfESifh olESifh ppfxkd;wm MunfhaeMu&vdrfhOD;r,f xifoAsm}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUonf tcef;jyifodkU xGufvmMuNyD;vQif oabFmyJhykdif;odkU avQmufoGm;Mu&m

'kwd,wef;jzpfaom yJhydkif;ü avmpdefonf vlwpfa,mufESifh wkdifyifvsuf&Sdonfudk awGUjrif&ojzifh uRefawmfwkdU
onf cyfvSrf;vSrf;rS trSwfrJh MunfhaeMuav\/ wpfcPrQMumvQif avmpdefonf oabFmOD;cef;odkU jyefoGm;&m
armifpH&Sm;onf yJhykdif; tcef;bufokdU 0ifoGm;í awmifajrmufav;yg;wkdUudk Munfh½I[efESifh avmpdefESifh pum;ajymol
udk tuJcwfcJhav\/ xkdUaemufrS uRefawmf&Sd&modkU jyefvmNyD;vQif
&S m;/ /]yJhcef;u taumif[m vuf0Jzufvufu vufoef;uav;ESifh vufol<u,f rygbl;As}
uRefawmf/ /]onfvludk cifAsm; jrifzl;ovm;}
&S m;/ /]jrifzl;w,f xifw,f? ½kyfzsufxm;vkdUvm; rqkdEkdifbl;? usKyf txifawmh vGefcJhwJh oHk;ESpfavmufu
vdrfvnfrIESifh axmifuswJh ayg<u,fyJvkdU xifw,f? ayg<u,fvJ vufuav;ESpfacsmif; jywfaewmyJ}
uRefawmf/ /]ayg<u,fu tom;jzLygw,f? onftaumifu rnf;vSacsuvm;As}
&S m;/ /]udkodef;armifuvnf; jzLwmudk rnf;atmifvkyfzkdU[m bmcufovJAs? okdUaomf olwkdUtuJudk Munfh&ao;
wmyav}
pmydkUoabFmonf xD;csdKifhudk ausmfvGefí tif;&GmodkU qkdufvkeD;aomtcg armifxGef;atmifonf uRefawmfESifh

armifpH&Sm;wkdU pum;ajymaeMu&mjzpfaom pufacgif;teD;odkU ysm,D;ysm,m vmí
atmif/ /]*GusukefygNyD OD;cifAsm? uRefawmfh tBuHawG tukef ysufukefygNyD cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]bmtBuHvJ armif&JU}
atmif/ /]uRefawmf BuHxm;wmu tif;&GmusvkdU aygufazmfaumif qif;oGm;&if rpdefMunfudk cspfBudKufaMumif;
zGifh[NyD;ajymr,fvkdU BuHxm;wm tckawmh olwkdU om;trdvJ tif;&GmrSm qif;r,fvkdUwJh cifAs}
&S m;/ /]bmudpö}
atmif/ /]avmpdefu uRef;acsmif;qkdwJh &GmESifh tifMuif;yifqkdwJh &GmtMum;rSm a&mfbmyifawG prf;NyD; pkdufysdK;aew,f
qkdyJ cifAs? rif;uawmfom;trdudk olUa&mfbmcif; MunfhzkdU zdwfavawmh vdkufMunfhMur,fvkdUwJh}
&S m;/ /]uRef;acsmif;qkdawmh a&TvDacsmif;rSmayghav? [kwfp}
atmif/ /][kwfowJh cifAs? rkdif 40 avmuf a0;owJh? armfawmfbkwfESifh oGm;Mur,fvkdUwJh}
a&TOa'gif;
&S m;/ /]ukdif; udkodef;armif? usKyfwkdUvJ tif;&GmrSmyJ qif;Mu&r,f}

atmif/ /]uRefawmfvJ vkdufyg&apcifAsm}
&S m;/ /]armifhtvkyfrysuf&if vkdufcsif vkdufwmayghav? odkUaomf usKyfwkdU qif;r,fhtaMumif; b,folrS rodapESifh?
oabFmpma&;BuD;wpfa,mufudkom BudwfNyD;oabFmc aiGrsm;udk &Sif;vif;xm;Muayawmh? oabFmqkdufvkdU xGufcgeD;
ukef;aygifjzKwfawmhr,f vkyfrS usKyfwkdU oHk;a,mufvHk; qif;Mu&r,f? okdUaomf olwkdUu armfawmfbkwfESifhoGm;&if
usKyfwkdUu bmESifh vkdufMu&yghr,f}
atmif/ /]onftwGufawmh rylygESifh OD;cifAsm? tif;&GmrSm uRefawmfhOD;av;u wDyDwDpD (T.P.T.C) olaX;
udk,fpm;vS,fBuD; jzpfygw,f? olaX;oabFmuav;udk uRefawmf&atmif iSm;NyD; vkdufMuwmaygh cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]udkif; pdefvkduf}
oabFmonf tif;&GmodkU qkdufa&mufaomtcg rif;uawmfBuD; om;trd ESpfa,mufESifh avmpdefwkdUonf oabFmrS

qif;oGm;Mu&m ayg<u,fqkdolvnf; ¤if;wkdUaemufrS ygoGm;av\/ ¤if;qdyfurf;ü uomNrdKUrS ta&;ydkifonf
e,fvSnfhvm&mu wufpD;onfjzpfaomaMumifh tcsdeftenf;i,f MuefUMumvsuf&Sd&m rMumrDtwGif;wGif
armfawmfbkwfwpfpD;onf oabFmteD;odkU uyfí ckwfvmav\/ armfawmfbkwfay:üum; rif;uawmfBuD; om;trd
ESpfa,mufwkdUonf ukvm;xkdifwpfckpDESifh xkdifvsuf ¤if;wkdU\ aemufüum; avmpdefESifh ayg<u,fwkdUonf
cg;axmufum &yfí vkdufMuav\/ oabFmteD;okdU a&mufaomtcg uRefawmfwkdUvnf; qif;rnfhvu©PmrjybJ
OD;wnfhwnfhrS &yfum pum;ajymvsuf &SdMu&m avmpdefonf armifxGef;atmifudk jrifaomtcg avSmifajymifvkdaom
rsufESmxm;ESifh vufudkifyk0gudk ,rf;um jyav\/ ¤if;aemuf armfawmfbkwfvnf; a&TvDacsmif;udk 0ifoGm;av\/
wpfcPrQMumvQif ta&;ydkif\ ypönf;rsm;udk oabFmay:odkU wifNyD;NyDjzpfí oabFmvnf; ukef;aygifEkwfawmhrnf[k

OMoay;av&m uRefawmfwkdUonf rdrd\ 0efpnfuav;rsm;udk udk,fwkdifxrf;ydk;í oabFmrS ysm,D;ysm,m
qif;vmcJhMuav\/
ukef;ay: odkU a&mufaomtcg ulvDrsm; iSm;&í olaX;udk,fpm;vS,f\ tdrfokdUoGm;Mu&m rsm;pGmrcJ,Of;bJ
]rif;orD;} trnf&Sdaom olaX;oabFmuav;udk udk,fpm;vS,fxH iSm;&rf;í&av\/ ¤if;aemuf tcsdefrsm;pGm
rjzKef;wD;bJ uRefawmfwkdUoHk;OD;om;onf oabFmESifh a&TvDacsmif;udk qefí armfawmfbkwfaemufokdU vkdufMuav\/
xkdtcgüum; aeUvnfem&Djyef wpfcsufxkd;NyD;NyD jzpfavonf/ a&TvDacsmif;0ESifh uRef;acsmif;&GmrSm
rkdifav;q,fc&D;cefU a0;uGmonf jzpf&m tu,fí uRefawmfwkdUonf oabFmudk pufukefckwfESifcJhonf&Sdaomf
armfawmfbkwfudk vrf;c&D;wGif rDEkdifrnf jzpfay\/ odkU&mwGif armifpH&Sm;\ BuH&G,fcsufrSm vrf;üvnf; rrDvkd?
uRef;acsmif;odkUvnf; aer0ifrD ra&mufvkdonfjzpfí oabFmudk cyfrSefrSefomvQif armif;ESifapav\/
oabFmckwfESifoGm;pOf acsmif;wpfzufwpfcsufü pdrfhBuD;NrdKifBuD; awmBuD;awmifBuD; wkdUonf tvGefw&m
½Icif;om,mpGm &SdonfrSefaomfvnf; uRefawmfESifh armifxGef;atmifwkdUrSm om,monfh awmawmiftcrf;tem;okdU
rMunfh½IEkdifbJ a&mufvkdaom aZmqEómvQif xufoefvSonfjzpf&m armifpH&Sm; wpfa,mufwnf;omvQif
awmawmifwkdU\ om,mjcif;? wifhw,fjcif; t&omudk cHpm;Edkif[ef &Sdav\/
6 em&Dxkd;í ae0ifvwfaomf uRefawmfwkdUonf uRef;acsmif;&GmESifh ig;rkdifc&D;cefUomvQif uGma0;awmhonfjzpf&m
armifpH&Sm;onf oabFmudk pufavQmhí cyfaES;aES;armif;ESifapav\/ 7 em&Dxkd;í arSmifESifhrnf;rnf; &Sdvwfaomf
oabFmonf uRef;acsmif;okdU qkdufuyfav&m reD;ra0;ü armfawmfbkwfwpfpif; qkdufxm;onfudk
awGUjrifMu&av\/
urf;ay: okdU wufMuNyD;aemuf &Gmom;rsm;tm; ar;jref;MuonfwGif avmpdefwkdUvlpkonf rMumao;rDuyif

vSnf;wpfpD;ESifh a&mfbmNcHpcef;odkU oGm;a&mufESifhMuNyD jzpfaMumif; od&SdMu&av\/
vqef; 8 &uf vuav;onfvnf; aumif;uifrS romhwom xGufay:vsuf&Sd&m a&mfbmNcHpcef;onfvnf;
c&D;oHk;rkdifcefUrQom a0;uGmonfjzpfaomaMumifh uRefawmfwkdU oHk;OD;om;onf ajcvsifc&D;jzifh
oGm;a&mufMu&av\/
a&mfbmNcHESifh rkdifwpf0ufrQ a0;uGmaomt&yfokdU a&mufMuaomtcg wD;rIwfoHrsm;udk Mum;Mu&av&m teD;odkU
a&mufaomtcgüum; t&yftjidrfhwD;vsuf &SdaMumif; od&SdMu&av\/
uRefawmfwkdUonf NcHwGif;okdU trSwfrJh 0ifNyD;vQif ajcmif;ajrmif;Munfh½Ivsuf &SdpOf tapcHwpfa,mufonf
pm;p&mrsm;udk jyifqifí aemufaz;&Sd wJi,frS tdrfBuD;ay: okdU ,loGm;onfudk jrifonfESifh armifpH&Sm;onf
xkdol\aemufodkU vkdufNyD;vQif rdrdtvkd&Sdaom owif;udk ar;jref;pHkaxmuf&mü usifvnfvSaom olwpfa,muf
jzpfonfhtwkdif; aiGpuúL 10d wefwpfcsyfudk vmbfxkd;NyD;aemuf ar;jref;od&Sd&onfrSm xkdtjidrfhonf tjcm;rS
iSm;&rf;aom tjidrhfr[kwf? avmpdef pnf;pdrfcH&eftwGuf arG;jrLxm;aom wynfhrsm;om jzpfaMumif;?
rif;uawmfBuD;rSm c&D;yef;vmonfjzpfaomaMumifh tdyfaysmfvsuf&SdaMumif;? tjidrfhwD;aom olrsm;rSm
tdrfa&SU0g;&efwmrS wD;rIwfvsuf rpdefMunfESifh avmpdefwkdUrSm {nfhcef;rS aeí em;axmifvsuf &SdaMumif;udk
ajymjyojzifh od&SdMu&av\/
avmpdef\tdrfBuD;rSm a&mfbmNcHtvnfü wnf&Sdí tvGefw&m BuD;us,fcrf;em;vsuf "mwfrD;rsm;
wxdefxdefxGef;vsuf &Sd&m armifpH&Sm;onf tdrfBuD;udk vSnfhywfí twefMumpHkprf;Munfh½INyD;aemuf jywif;ayguf
wpfckteD;&Sd opfyifBuD; wpfyifay: okdU wufav\/ tay: okdU a&mufaomtcg uRefawmfwkdUtm; vuf,yfac:
ojzifh wufoGm;Muí uRefawmfonf opfyifay:rS tdrfxJokdU vSrf;íMunfhvkduf&mwGif avmpdefESifh
rpdefMunfwkdUonf {nfhcef;twGif; ESpfa,mufxkdif qkdzmBuD;ay:wGif xkdifNyD;vQif a&SUwnfhwnfhü
pm;aomufzG,f&mrsm; jyifqifí wifxm;aom pm;yGJuav;udk wnfcif;vsuf &,fumarmumjzifh
tjidrfhwD;rIwfoHrsm;udk em;axmifvsuf &SdMuav\/ twefMuvwfaom avmpdefonf tapcHtm; ac:iifí wD;wkd;
trdefUay;onfwGif tapcHonf zefcGufESifh 0kdift&uf wpfykvif;udk ,lcJhí pm;yGJay:ü wnfxm;av\/
avmpdefonf zefcGufESpfcGufukd 0kdift&ufjynfhatmif iSJYNyD;aemuf wpfcGufudk rpdefMunftm;ay;í aomufatmif
wkdufwGef;av&m rpdefMunfonf wpfBudrfESpfBudrf jiif;qefNyD;vQif aemufqHk;ütm;emonfhvu©PmESifh tenf;i,f
BudKufícsonfwGif uRefawmfhteD;ü &Sdaom armifxGef;atmifu ]ysufpD;ukefygNyDAsm} [k wD;wkd;nnf;nLav\/
rpdefMunfonf 0kdift&ufwpfcGufudk raomufcsif aomufcsifESifh wjznf;jznf;ukefatmif aomufNyD;aemuf
ig;rdepfcefUMumaomtcg avmpdefonf wjznf;jznf; teD;odkU wkd;í xkdifav&m rpdefMunfonf aemufokdU
wjznf;jznf; a&TUí a&TUí xkdifav\/ okdU&mwGif rsufESmxm;rSmrl csdKcsdKNyHK;NyHK;yif &Sdav\/
uRefawmfwkdU aeaom ae&mrSm rpdefMunfwkdU xkdifaeaom ae&mESifhrsm;pGm ruGma0;í wD;rIwfoH &yfpJaom
wpfcPü ¤if;wkdU ajymqkdaom pum;rsm;udk yDopGm Mum;Mu&onfjzpf&m
Munf/ /]'gxuf aeygOD; udkavmpdef&,f? oabFmay:rSmwkef;u OD;pH&Sm;&JU rdwfaqG udkodef;armif qkdwJh vludk [kdvkd
tar;cdkif;wmu bmaMumifh tar;ckdif;wmvJ &Sifh}
pd ef / /(rsufarSmifMuKwfvsuf) ]'gawG ar;raeprf;ygESifh rpdefMunf? olwkdU oabmod&atmif
tvum;avSmifajymifNyD; tar;cdkif;wmygAsm? wpfcGufavmuf aomufOD;av rpdefMunf}
a&TOa'gif;
Munf/ /]raomufyg&apESifhawmh&Sif? ararodrSjzifh tqlcH&ygvdrfhr,f? tckawmif acgif;xJu aemufusdusd

&SdaeygNyD&Sif}
pd ef / /]wpfcGufxJ aomufygOD;awmhAsm}
[k ajymvsuf avmpdefonf t&ufzefcGufudk ,lí rpdefMunf\ EIwfcrf;teD;odkU uyfNyD;vQif wpfzufaomvufjzifh
rpdefMunf\ ykcHk;udk udkifwG,frnfjyK&m rpdefMunfonf xkdif&mrS ½kwfw&ufxí rsufESmxm;wif;wif;ESifh ]&Sifu
vludk bmrSwfvkdUvJ}
[k aigufqwfqwfajymvkdufonfudk uRefawmfwkdU awGUjrif&aomtcg xifoavmuf oabmrvG,fonfh tjzpfudk
od&SdMu&av\/ avmpdefvnf; rdrd a&SUtm;BuD;onfh tjzpfudk &dyfrdonfh vu©PmESifh ½kdaoaom rsufESmxm;wpfrsdK;
ajymif;vJí acsmharmhawmif;yefNyD;vQif rpdefMunftm; ukvm;xkdifü wpfzef xkdifapjyefav\/ ¤if;aemuf tapcHtm;
rsuf&dyfjyvkdufonfESifh tapcHonf tjyifokdU xGufoGm;NyD;vQif umzDrsm;udk jyifqif,lvmcJhí
wnfcif;xm;onfwGif
pd ef / /]udkif;Asm ? 0dkifraomufvkdU &Sd&if umzD½kd;½kd; aomufygawmhAsm}
Munf/ /]umzDylyl wpfcGufawmh uRefr aomufygr,f? 'gxuf udkavmpdef jyr,fqkdwJh ausmufoHywåjrm;awG
b,frSmvJ}
pd ef / /]tifrwef Munfhcsifovm;}
Munf/ /]rjrifzl;vkdU Munfhcsifygw,f&Sif}
xkdtcg avmpdefonf xkdif&mrS xoGm;NyD;vQif rD;cHaowåmudk zGifhNyD;aemuf qifpG,fjzifh xkvkyfxm;aom

aowåmuav;wpfvHk;udk ,lcJhí aomhESifh zGifhNyD;rS twGif;üyg&Sdaom t&m0w¬Krsm;udk pm;yGJay: okdU oGefarSmufí
csvkduf&m pdefBuD; jrBuD; ywåjrm;BuD; wkdUonf rD;a&mifü ta&mifwvufvuf NydK;NydK;jyufjyuf&Sdaeav\/
rpdefMunfvnf; rdef;rom;jzpfonfhtwkdif; ausmufoHywåjrm;wkdU\ awmufy ajymifvufaom ta&mifudk
csD;rGrf;vsuf&SdpOf
pd ef / /]vS&JUvm; rpdefMunf}
Munf/ /]vSygayw,f&Sif}
pd ef / /]onf[mawGxuf trsm;BuD;vSwJh jrBuD;&Sdao;w,f? Munfhrvm;}
Munf/ /]Munfhyg&ap&Sif}
xkdtcg avmpdefonf qifpG,faowåmi,f\ tHzHk;twGif;rSm puúLESifh xkyfxm;aom t&m0w¬Ki,fwpfckudk xkwf,lí

puúLudk ajzNyD;vQif twGif;rSygaom t&m0w¬Kudk pm;yGJay: okdU wifvkduf&m pm;yGJay:ü &SdESifhNyD;jzpfaom pdefausmuf
tp&Sdonfh ywåjrm;wkdUonf csufjcif;yif ta&mifrSdefí oGm;Muavukef\/ taMumif;aomfum; ¤if;rSm
eef;pOfywåjrm;[k ac:aom jrBuD;yifjzpfaomaMumifhyifwnf;/
rpdefMunfvnf; jrBuD;\ t&nfaumif;rGefaMumif;udk csD;rGrf;vsuf&SdpOf
pd ef / /]umzDylyl aomufcsifw,fqkdwm aomufav rpdefMunf? at;ukefr,fAs}
[k ajymojzifh rpdefMunfonf umzDcGufudk ,lí aomufav\/ wpfusdKufESpfusdKufrQ aomufrdonfESifh
wpfNydKifeuf rpdefMunf\ vufrS umzDcGufonf vGwfíusNyD;vQif rpdefMunfonf rsufESmudk vufESpfzufESifh
tkyfum ,drf;,dkifvsuf&Sd&m avmpdefonf tapcHtm; twD;trIwform;rsm;udk odrf;ap&ef trdefUay;NyD;aemuf

rpdefMunf\ vufESpfzufudk udkifum twGif;cef;odkU ayGUcsDrdonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf ]udkif; awmfavmufNyDAsdKU } [k
ajymvsuf armifpH&Sm;onf opfudkif;ay:rS jywif;aygufokdU ckefíul;av\/ uRefawmfESifh armifxGef;atmifwkdUonf
¤if;\aemufrS ckeful;í vkdufMuav\/
avmpdefonf uRefawmfwkdUudk jrifvQif thHMojcif;? trsufxGufjcif; xdwfvefUjcif; tp&Sdaom vu©PmwkdU a&m>yef;
vsuf&Sdaom rsufESmxm;ESifh wpfcPrQ MunfhNyD;vQif ausmufoHywåjrm;rsm;udk qifpG,faowåmi,f twGif;odkU
odrf;usHK;íxnfhNyD;aemuf aowåmi,fudk ayGUvsuf xGufajy;rnfjyKav\/ armifpH&Sm;vnf; ayhgyg; zswfvwfaom
vlwpfa,mufjzpfonfhtwkdif; ¤if;xGufajy;rnfjyK&m taygufrS BudKíqD;umxm;av&m avmpdefvnf;
xGufaygufr&Sdonfjzpfí pm;yGJudk vSnfYywfum ajy;av\/ armifxGef;atmifrSmrl tcef;wGif;odkU 0ifrdonfhtcgrSpí
rl;arhvsuf&Sdaom rpdefMunftm; ayGUcsDum owd&atmif ac:iiffvsuf&Sd&m uRefawmfrSm wdrf;a&SmifvSnfYywf
ajy;vTm;vsuf&Sdaom avmpdeftm; ulnD0ef;0dkif;zrf;qD;rnf jyKonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf ayg<u,fqkdolonf tcef;wGif;rS
½kwfw&ufxGufvmav\/
ayg<u,f\vufüum; "m;ajrmifwpfvuf udkifvsuf &Sd&m ¤if;onf uRefawmfhudk &efrrlbJ armifpH&Sm;udk
ajy;0ifxkd;owfrnf tjyKwGif uRefawmfonf ¤if;\vufrS "m;ajrmifudk vk,lí ESpfa,mufom;wkdUonf Murf;ay:ü
axG;vHk;owfykwfum &SdaeMuav\/ uRefawmfESifh ayg<u,fwkdUrSm olwpfjyef igwpfjyef txufodkU a&mufcsnf?
atmufodkU a&mufcsnf &SdaeMuqJwGif avmpdefonf tjyifodkU xGufajy;ojzifh armifpH&Sm;vnf; ¤if;\aemufrS
vkdufajy;onfudk jrifvkduf&av\/
wpfcPrQMumvQif armifpH&Sm;onf tcef;wGif;odkU jyefvmNyD;vQif atmufodkUusvsuf&Sdaom uRefawmftm;
ayg<u,f\ tay:okdUa&mufatmif qGJíwifxm;NyDf;rS tcef;qD;rsm;udk jzKwf,lí ayg<u,fudk vufjyefBudK;
csnfaESmifav\/ ¤if;aemuf
&S m;/ /]ypönf;vnf;qHk; ? vlvJ vGwfoGm;av&JUAsdKU? udkif; armifxGef;atmif u ayg<u,fudk apmifh&if; rpdefMunfudkvJ
jyKpk&if; ae&pfayOD;awmh ? usKyfwkdU avmpdefaemufudk vkdufMuOD;r,f? vmAsm udkodef;armif}
uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdUonf tdrfay:rS qif;vmMuNyD;aemuf avmpdef ykef;atmif;rnfxifaom uRef;acsmif;&GmodkU

vsifjrefpGm ajy;vmMu&m 10 rdepfcefU ajy;rdMuvQif vrif;\ta&mifwGif ajymifajymifESifhajy;aeaom avmpdefudk
ta0;rS jrifMu&av\/ xkdtcg uRefawmfwkdUvnf; tm;xkwfírdatmif vkdufMuav&m avmpdefonf opfyifrsm;
pk½Hk;íaygufae&m arSmif&dyfBuD;wpfckatmufodkU 0ifajy;av\/ uRefawmfwkdUonf ½kwfw&uf acsmif;ajrmif;
owfjzwfjcif;rS uG,fumEkdifapjcif;iSm ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewfrsm;udk vufrSudkifvsuf opfyif&dyfatmufodkU ajy;0if
oGm;Muav&m avmpdefonf arSmif&dyfrS xGufajy;NyD;aemuf acsmif;i,fwpfck &Sd&mokdU wef;íajy;jyefav\/
uRefawmfwkdUvnf; rDatmifvkdufMujyef&m avmpdefonf acsmif;i,furf;yg;ay:ü wpfcPrQ &yfvsuf&Sdonfudk
va&mifwGif jrifvkduf&NyD;aemuf vufESpfzufudk ajr§mufNyD;vQif ckefíqif;vkdufbdouJhodkU wpfcgwnf;
aysmufuG,fí oGm;av\/ uRefawmfwkdUvnf; r&yfrem; ¤if;&Sd&m t&yfodkU wpf[kefwnf;ajy;oGm;Mujyef&m
acsmif;i,f\ urf;yg;odkU a&mufaomtcg avmpdefudkvnf; rjrif? rnfonfhtoHudkrQvnf; rMum;?
wdwfqdwfjidrfoufpGm &Sdaeonfudk omvQif awGU&SdMu&av\/
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;onf 0g;wpfacsmif;udk 0g;½HkyifrS ckwf,lí acsmif;i,fudk axmufMunfh&m tpüyifvQif
urf;yg;jzpfojzifh ajcmufayausmfausmfavmuf eufaMumif;udk awGU&Sd&av\/ xkdtcg ...
uRefawmf/ /]b,fhES,fvJAsm? tzrf;rcHcsifwmESifh ckefqif;NyD; ao&SmNyD xifyg&JUAsm}
a&TOa'gif;
&S m;/ /]'gESifh wlyg&JUAsm? [kdzuful;oGm;&ifvJ usKyfwkdU jrifzkdUaumif;w,f}

[k ajymí armifpH&Sm;onf om;aumifaysmufí oGm;aom trJvkdufacG;uJhodkY awmifajrmufav;yg;wkdUudk
pdwfrauseyfao;onfh trlt&mESifh MunfhNyD;vQif ESpfa,mufom;wkdUonf a&mfbmNcHpcef;okdU wjznf;jznf;
jyefvmMu&av\/
vrf;c&D;ü armifpH&Sm;onf aumif;pGm pdwfrauseyfao;onfh vu©PmESifh EIwfcrf;arG;udk qGJum pOf;pm;pdwful;um
vkdufvmcJh&m uRefawmfu tusdK;taMumif;udk ar;aomfvnf; rnfodkUrQ jyefrajymbJ &Sdaeav\/ tdrfudk
a&mufaomtcg ayg<u,frSm taESmiftzGJUwGif;ü &Sdvsuf armifxGef;atmifrSmrl owd&p jyKvmaom rpdefMunfudk
tm;ay;pum; ajymMum;vsuf &Sdav\/ rpdefMunfvnf; armifpH&Sm;tm; aus;Zl;wifpum; ajymMum;rnfjyKonfwGif
armifpH&Sm;rSm rdrdtm; aus;Zl;wifpum; csD;rGrf;pum;rsm; ajymMuonfudk Mum&SnfpGm em;axmifí raewwfaom
0goem &Sdonfhtwkdif; rpdefMunf\ pum;udk jzwfí
&S m;/ /]rif;uawmfBuD;aum b,frSmvJ}

atmif/ /]bmaq;rsm; wkdufxm;w,f rqkdEkdifbl; cifAsm? EId;vkdUudk r&bl;}
&S m;/ /]udkif; armifxGef;atmif? rpdefMunf om;trdESpfa,mufudk vSnf;ESifhwifNyD; uRef;acsmif;&Gmudk
armifjyefESifh&r,f}
atmif/ /]OD;wkdUaum cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]usKyfESifh udkodef;armifrSmavmpdefudk awGUatmif&SmzkdU udpö&Sdao;w,f? eufjzefrS usKyfwkdUa&mufatmif
vmcJhr,f}
atmif/ /]vSnf;u b,frSm &EkdifrvJ cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]tapcHawGawmh ajy;ukefNyD? vSnf;ESifhEGm;awmh tdrfaemufrSm jrifw,f? vSnf;armif;wwfuJhvm;}
atmif/ /]BuHzefNyD;armif;&wmaygh cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]ukdif; 'gjzifh ukdodef;armifESifh armifxGef;atmifu rif;uawmfBuD;udk ayGUwifcJhMuayawmh? usKyfu
vSnf;jyifacsOD;r,f}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUonf ayg<u,fudk NrJckdifpGm wkwfaESmifxm;cJhí rif;uawmfBuD;udk vSnf;ay: odkU ayGUcsDí

wifNyD;vQif rpdefMunf om;trdESpfa,mufESifh armifxGef;atmifwkdUonf vSnf;ESifh uRef;acsmif;okdU jyefoGm;Mu&m
uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdUvnf; avmpdefudk &SmazG&ef ,cifu acsmif;i,f&Sd&mokdU a&SU½IxGufvmcJhMuav\/
twefi,f oGm;rdMuvQif uRefawmfwkdUESifh reD;ra0;rS ZD;uGufwpfaumif\ jrnfoHudk Mum;Mu&av&m
¤if;toH&yfpJonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf wpfzmvHkc&D;cefUrS aemufxyfí ZD;uGufwpfaumif jrnfjyefNyD;vQif wpfzmvHkvQif
ZD;uGufwpfaumifus oHk;av;zmvHkwkdifatmif qufvufjrnfatmfMuav\/ xkdtcg
&S m;/ /]b,fhES,fvJAsdKU udkodef;armif? onft&yfrSm ZD;uGufwpfaumif jrnfw,fqkd&if awmfapOD;awmh ? ,ckawmh

ZD;uGufawG aygvSacsuvm;Asm? cifAsm; b,fhES,fxifovJAsdKU}
uRefawmf/ /]uRefawmfjzifh w,f[efr&bl; xifw,f cifAsm? ZD;uGufoHrS [kwfygavp? tcsufay;wJh
toHrsm;vm;Asm}
&S m;/ /]'gESifhwlw,f? okdUaomf owdrvpfapESifhaemf? ajcmufvHk;jyL;udk xkwfxm;AsdKU? rnf;ceJ jrif&if ypfomypf ?
csrf;omray;ESifh}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUonf tvsifpvkd roGm;MubJ vrf;pcef;udk Munfhvsuf cyfjznf;jznf;avQmufoGm;MupOf

'kdif;ceJ aoewfoHwpfcsufudk Mum;NyD;aemuf usnfaphonf uRefawmfwkdU ESpfa,muf tMum;rS 0SDceJ jzwfoGm;onfudk
Mum;vkduf&av\/
]0yfAsdKU udkodef;armif ? 0yftdyfvkduf}
[k armifpH&Sm;u ajymajymqkdqkdESifh 0yfíaeonfwGif uRefawmfvnf; ¤if;enf;wl 0yfrdonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf ]'dkif;
'dkif; 'kdif;} ponfjzifh aoewfoH oHk;av;csufwkdUonf qufvufí jrnf[def;vsuf usnfqHwkdUonfvnf; ]0SD 0SD 0SD}
[k a>rwGefouJhokdU OD;acgif;ay:rS wGefjrnfajy;oGm;MuNyD;vQif uRefawmfwkdUteD; ajrBuD;ü xdrSefMuav\/
aoewfoHpJonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf uRefawmfonf OD;acgif;udk tenf;i,f axmifíMunfhvkduf&m wpfzmvHk r&Sdw&Sd
c&D;ü vlwpfa,mufonf ukef;rsm; csdKifhrsm;udk ausmfvTm;ajy;oGm;vsuf &Sdaeonfudk awGUjrif&ojzifh armifpH&Sm;tm;
vufukwfí jyonfwGif armifpH&Sm;u
]avmpdefyJAsdKU? uHpGefUuHprf; wpfcsufawmh ypfMunfhprf;r,fAsm}
[k ajymí ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewfjzifh aumif;pGmcsdefvsuf wpfcsufrQ ypfazmufvkdufav\/
'kdif;ceJ xGufoGm;onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf xdkolonf ajrü 'vdrfhacgufauG; vJoGm;ojzifh uRefawmfwkdUvnf;
xívkdufMuonfwGif avmpdefvnf; xíajy;jyefav\/
uRefawmfwkdUuvnf; tpGrf;ukef ajy;ívkduf? avmpdefuvnf; tpGrf;ukef ajy;av&m 10 rdepfcefU &SdvQif
avmpdefonf rDvkrDumeD; &SdNyD;rS a&S;uenf;wl aysmufoGm;jyefav\/ ]r&bl;armif? onfwpfcgawmh rifhÓPfudk
igodNyD}
[k ajymvsuf armifpH&Sm;vnf; xkdt&yfodkU a&mufaomtcg ajray:ü tESHYtjym;&Sdaeaom csdKifhrsm; ? usif;rsm; ?
ausmufvHk;BuD;rsm;udk wpfckNyD;vQif wpfck aphiatmif &SmazGav\/ wpfckaom ausmufvHk;BuD;okdU a&mufonfESifh
wpfNydKifeuf avmpdefonf ausmufvHk;aemufrS ½kwfw&uf xGufvmí uRefawmftm; vufajcwkdUjzifh odrf;usHK;í
zufvkduf&m ¤if;\t[kefaMumifh uRefawmfa&m avmpdefyg ajray:ü 'vdrfhacgufauG;usoGm;Muav\/
uRefawmfwkdUESpfOD;rSm vufvQif vufcsif;? ajcvQif ajccsif; csdwfwG,f &pfywfvsuf olUxufig tEkdif&atmif
tm;xkwfvHk;axG;vsuf &SdMupOf armifpH&Sm;onf avmpdef\ajcESpfzufudk udkifxm;onfwGifrS uRefawmfhrSm tEkdif&í
vJ&mrS x&av\/
xrdonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf uRefawmfonf tcsdefudk rjzKef;wD;bJ avmpdef\tdwfrsm;udk &SmazG&m tay:
tusÐtwGif;tdwfrS qifpG,faowåmi,fudk prf;rdojzifh ]&NyDAsdKU aowåm&NyD} [k 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om
ajymqkd,liifav\/ aemufwpfcPüum; armifpH&Sm;onf 'l;axmufvsuf&Sd&mrS aemufokdU yufvufvefí
vJNyD;vQif OD;acgif;udk ausmufvHk;ESifh aqmifhrdojzifh owdvpfoGm;av\/ avmpdefrSmrl vJ&mrS vl;vJum xNyD;vQif
xGufajy;jyefav\/ uRefawmfrSmrl armifpH&Sm;udkvnf; ypfrxm;cJhEkdif/ aowåmudkvnf; &NyD;jzpfaomaMumifh
avmpdefaemufodkU rvku d fEkdifbJ &SdcJh&av\/
owd&ívmaomtcg armifpH&Sm;u
]wkdif;jynfrSm w½kwfawG BuD;pkd;aewm tHhMop&m r&Sdbl;AsdKU? tyGJyGJrSm ETJcJhvSNyD? onfwpfcgrS yg;csdwfudk w½kwfajc
uefcH&oAsm? EkdU b,fhES,fvJ? aowåmawmh &vkdufw,f r[kwfvm;}
a&TOa'gif;
uRefawmf/ /]&vkdufygao;&JUAsm? avmpdefawmh rrdvkdufbl;}

&S m;/ /]cifAsm;tjypfr[kwfaybl;? usKyfu vkdoGm;ayw,f? okdUaomf onftaumifESifh usKyfESifh vGJEkdifao;½kd;vm;Asm}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUonf a&mfbmNcH0teD;odkU jyefoGm;Muí tdrfay: odkU wufvQif uRefawmfwkdU

csnfaESmifxm;cJhaom ayg<u,frSm r&Sdawmhacs/ BudK;rsm;udk "m;jzifh ckwfxpfxm;aMumif;udkum; awGU&Sd&\/
tjcm;aomvloHoloHrsm;udkvnf; rMum;&awmhacs/ xkdtjcif;t&mudk awGUjrif&aomtcg
&S m;/ /]wwfEkdifbl;avAsm? vkdcsifwm &&ifvJ pdwfauseyf&awmhrSmyJ? okdUaomf usKyfwkdU eef;pOfywåjrm;rS ygygavp?
Munfh&OD;r,f}
[k ajymvsuf aowåmi,fudk zGifhMunfh&m avmpdefydkifjzpfaom ausmufoHywåjrm;rsm;tjyif eef;pOfywåjrm;
ausmufvnf; yg&SdaMumif; awGU&Sd&av\/ ¤if;aemuf
&S m;/ /]udkif; udkodef;armif 12 em&Dawmh xkd;NyD? odkUayr,fh usKyfwkdU onfrSmtdyfvkdU rjzpfaybl;?
uRef;acsmif;a&mufatmif jyef&vdrfhr,f? wwfEkdifyghrvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]olrsm;wwfEkdif&if wwfEkdif&wmyAsm}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUonf a&mfbmNcHpcef;rS xGufcGmcJhí uRef;acsmif;&GmodkU a&S;½IvmcJhMu&m em&Dwpf0ufcefUrQ

Mum&SdvQif vrf;vnfwnfhwnfhü vSnf;wpfpD; &yfvsuf&Sdonfudk jrifMuojzifh 'dwfceJ jzpfíoGm;av\/ aocsmpGm
Munfh½Iaom tcgürl armifxGef;atmifrSm vSnf;ay:ü wkwfaESmifvsuf owdr&&Sdae&m rif;uawmfBuD;om;trd
ESpfa,mufrSmrl tpterQ rjrif&awmhacs/
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;vnf; taESmiftzGJUwkdUudk ajzNyD;aemuf tusdK;taMumif;udk ar;jref;rnf[k armifxGef;atmiftm;
owd&atmif jyKvkyfí ay;aepOf uRefawmfwdkU aemufrS jrif;cGmoHrsm; Mum;&onfhjyif vufESdyf"mwfrD;vnf; vufceJ
vufceJ xkd;onfudk awGUjrifMu&av\/ wpfcPrQ MumvQif vlwpfa,mufonf jrif;wpfpD;ESifh a&mufvm&m
&S m;/ /]a&SUrwkd;ESifhaemf? wkd;&if ypfvkdufr,f? rif; b,folvJ}

xkdol/ /]axmifuJpm ygw,f q&muD;? pmay;zkdU uREkfyfvmw,f}
&S m;/ /(aoewfESifhcsdef&G,fxm;vsuf) ],lcJh rif;pm}
pmay;vmaomolrSm aygufazmf wpfa,mufjzpfav&m vufsmzufyg;jyifüum; rD;avmifzkuJhokdU 'Pf&mwpfck
&Sdav\/ armifpH&Sm;vnf; pmudk vSrf;,lNyD;aemuf vufESdyf"mwfrD;a&mifü pmudk zGifhízwfMunfh&m ¤if;pmrSm
t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh a&;om;yg&Sdvsuf jrefrm t"dyÜm,frSm atmufygtwkdif; jzpfavonf/
]]rd wfaqGBuD; OD;pH&Sm;? vSnf;ESifh cifAsm;\ vludk jrif ojzifh rif;uawmfBuD;om;trd ESpfa,mufwkdUrS m uREkfyf
vuf wGif;ok dU a&mufNyD;aMumif; cif Asm; awG; Ek difayvdrfhrnf/ cif Asm;\ rdwfaqGrsm;toufudk ES ajrmcJ hygvQif
uREkfyf \ ypönf;rsm; ,ck vma&mufol\ vufokdU jyef íay;vkdufyg/ eef;pOf ywåjrm;vnf; csefí rxm;ygES ifh /
tm;vHk;jyefí &vQif rpdefMunf om;trdudk uREfkfyfvTwfvkdufygrnf/ jyefí r&vQif wpfem&D twGif ;
udpöwHk;atmif pD&ifvkdufrnf/ tcsnf ;ES D ;jcdrf;ajcmufo nf[ k rxif rSw fygavES if h/ wu,fpD&if ygvdrfh rnf }}
armifpH&Sm;onf xkdpmudk zwfNyD;aemuf EIwfcrf;ukdufum twefi,f pOf;pm;NyD;vQif atmufygtwkdif; pmwpfapmifudk

jyefía&;vkdufav\/
]]pmyg ypönf ;rsm;udk wpf cgwnf; jyef ray;vkd uf Ekd if ? ok dU&mwGif rif;uawmfBuD;om;trd ES ifh vJv S,f vkd u
a&mfbm NcH 0if; wHcg;teD ;rS apmif híaernf/ csuf csif; vmcJ hyg/}}
¤if;aemuf pmudk aygufazmftm; ay;vkduf&m aygufazmfvnf; jrif;ESifh pkdif;oGm;av\/ armifpH&Sm;vnf;

jzKwfxm;aom EGm;rsm;udk vSnf;okdUjyefíwyfNyD;aemuf owdtenf;i,f&vmaom armifxGef;atmifudk vSnf;ESihfwifí
a&mfbmNcHpcef;okdU jyefMu&jyefav\/
0if;wHcg;okdU a&mufMuaomtcg avmpdefonf rif;uawmfBuD; om;trdESpfa,mufESifh apmifhqkdif;vsuf&Sd&m
armifpH&Sm;onf wpfzufaomvufjzifh aowåmi,fudk vSrf;ay;í wpfzufaomvufjzifh om;trdESpfa,mufudk
ac:NyD;vQif vSnf;ay: okdU wufapav\/ vSnf;ay: odkU wufrdvQif
&S m;/ /]oGm;ao;NyD? avmpdef? aemufrsm;rS awGUMuOD;pkdU}

pd ef / /]cifAsm;vkdvlESifh zufNydKif&wm 0rf;ajrmufoAsm? EkdUaeOD;? usKyfvSnf;udk ,loGm;r,fvkdUvm;}
&S m;/ /]eufjzefawmh jyefydkUvkdufyghr,f}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUonf uRef;acsmif;&GmokdU jyefvmcJhMu&av\/
______
uRefawmfrSm nOfUtcgu ttdyfysufonfjzpfí olBuD;tdrfü tdyfaysmfaeqJwGif armifpH&Sm;onf uRefawmf\ ykcHk;udk

vIyfEdI;í
]ukdodef;armif jrefjrefvkyfAsm? umzDaomufNyD; t0wfvJprf;As? oGm;Mu&atmif}
uRefawmf/ /]b,fudkvJAs}
&S m;/ /]b,fjzpfjzpfav? vkyfprf;yg jrefjref}
umzDaomufNyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf uRefawmftm; tcef;wGif;odkU ac:NyD;vQif uRefawmf\rsufESmudkvnf;aumif;?

ol\rsufESmudk vnf;aumif; aq;rsm;jc,fvS,fí t0wfrsm; vJvS,fMu&m tjyifodkU xGufvmaomtcgüum;
rkdif;om vlrsdK;ESpfa,muf\ tjzpfokdU a&mufMuav\/
uRefawmfonf armifpH&Sm;jyifqifí xm;aom vSnf;ay: okdU wufNyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf vSnf;OD;rS EGm;rsm;udk
armif;ESifívmMu&m vrf;c&D;wGif
uRefawmf/ /]vSnf;udk jyeftyfzkdU ½kyfzsufNyD; vmMuwmayghav? jzpfyghrvm;Asm}
a&TOa'gif;
&S m;/ /]jzpfcsifjzpf ? rjzpfcsifaeAsm? EkEkESifh r&&ifvJ Murf;Murf;aygh? nuwkef;uawmh rdef;rom;awG ygaewJhtwGuf
avQmhay;vkduf&w,f? onfwpfcgawmh twif;BuH&vdrfhr,fAsdKU}
a&mfbmNcHpcef;okdUa&mufvQif uRefawmfwkdUonf 0if;wHcg;rS 0ifMuí tdrfa&SUü vSnf;udk &yfrdonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf

avmpdefESifh ayg<u,fwkdUonf jywif;aygufrS xGufíMunfhMu&m
&S m;/ /(rkdif;omuJhokdU 0JwJwJ vkyfvsuf) ]a[; vSnf;,lcJhNyDa[h? ,lvSm ,lvSm}
pd ef / /]OD;pH&Sm;u pum; twnfom;uyJ? at;at; xm;cJhxm;cJh? avm[la& vSnf;,lvkdufyga[h}
aygufazmfwpfa,mufvnf; tdrfaemufrS xGufvmí vSnf;udk vufcHavvQif armifpH&Sm;onf tdwfrS pmwpfapmifudk

xkwfí
]a[; aygufazmf? eifwkdU q&muD; ay;yg}
[k ajymNyD;vQif ay;tyf&m tapcHvnf; pmudk ,lí tdrfay: odkU wufoGm;av\/ ¤if;pmrSm armifpH&Sm; udk,fwkdifu
avmpdefxH a&;vkdufaom pmjzpf&m ¤if;rSm
]]uwdxm;onfhtwkdif; rkdif;omES pf a,mufudk vSnf;ESifhwuG apvTwfvkdufonf/ xkdolESpfa,mufrSm

tvkyftudkif r&SdMuí oif\ a&mfbmNcHü tvkyf rsm; ay;Ek difu aus;Zl; BuD; yg\/
pH &S m;}}
wpfcPrQMumvQif tapcHaygufazmfvnf; qif;vmí uRefawmfwkdU ESpfa,mufukd tdrfay:okdU wuf&ef ac:iif&m

armifpH&Sm;u
]&dyfrdovm;awmh rqkdEkdifbl;? okdUaomf vufeufudkawmh owdESifh udkifAsdKU}
[k uRefawmfhtm; owday;í tdrfay: okdU wufoGm;Muav\/
avmpdefESifh ayg<u,fwkdUvnf; uRefawmfwkdUukd tdrfa&SUü{nfhcHí avmpdefonf pum;ESpfcGef;oHk;cGef;rQ ar;ojzifh

tjyeftvSef ajymqkdvsuf &SdMupOf 0kef;ceJ toHMum;NyD;aemuf uRefawmfwkdU\ vufrsm;rSm BudK;uGif;rsm; pGyfí
csnfaESmifNyD; jzpfMuav\/ aemufwpfcPü vlav;ig;a,mufwdkUonf uRefawmfwkdUtm; Murf;ay: okdU
wGef;vSJvkdufojzifh rnfokdUrQ rckcHEkdifbJ vJvsuf &SdaeMu&av\/
xkdtcg avmpdefESifh ayg<u,fwkdUvnf; umzDrsm;ukd pnf;pdrfcHí aomufMuNyD;vQif uRefawmfwkdUudk
avSmifajymif&,farmaeMuNyD;aemuf
pd ef / /]udkif; udkif;? udk,fhq&mrsm;udk tjidrfhuav;ESifh azsmfajz&OD;r,f? b,frSmvJ rif;orD;opfa&mufvmw,fqkd?

ac:cJhprf;ayap}
[k tapcHwpfa,muftm; ajymvkdufonfwGif Zmwf0wfZmwfpm;ESifh jyifqifíxm;aom rdef;rwpfa,mufonf

tcef;wGif;okdU 0ifvm&m uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdUrSm tHhtm;oifhum ai;vsuf &SdaeMu&av\/ taMumif;
aomfum; xkdrdef;rrSm rpdefMunfyif jzpfaomaMumihfwnf;/
avmpdefvnf; rpdefMunfjzpfaMumif;udk odonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf aMumifawmifai;vsuf &SdpOf rpdefMunfonf
zcifvufxufu &cJhaom ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewfudk ½kwfw&ufxkwfvkdufNyD;aemuf xkdolESpfa,mufwkdUtm;
csdef&G,f&if; uRefawmfwkdUtm; wkwfxm;aom BudK;rsm;udk vufwpfzufu "m;ajr§mifjzifh jzwfawmufav\/
vGwfajrmufMuonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf armifpH&Sm;onf avmpdef\ ycHk;udk udkifNyD;vQif ]udkif; ighvl ... } [k ajymqJwGif
avmpdefonf ½kwfw&ufxí armifpH&Sm;ESifh axG;vHk;vsuf &Sdav\/ xkdcPü ayg<u,fvnf; armifpH&Sm;udk
"m;ajr§mifESifh ajy;0ifíxkd;NyD;vQif tdrfay:rS ckefqif;ajy;av&m armifpH&Sm;udkum; rxkd;rd? avmpdef\ &if0udk
xkd;rdojzifh yGJcsif;NyD; aoqHk;av\/
qifpG,faowåmudkrl avmpdef\ rD;cHaowåmwGif;rS &&Sdav&m uRefawmfwkdUonf ¤if;udk ,liifí qkdif&mokdU
avmpdef\ taMumif;wkdifwef;NyD;aemuf rif;orD;oabFmESifh tif;&GmokdU jyefvmMuav\/
tif;&GmokdU a&mufMuaomtcg rif;uawmfBuD; om;trdESpfa,mufwkdUrSm Aef;armfokdU roGm;awmhbJ &efukefodkU
jyefkvdkaMumif;ajymMu&m armifpH&Sm;u rdrdrSm avmpdef aoqHk;onfh twGuf uomü oufaocH&ef
udpö&Sdao;onfjzpfí qifpG,faowåmudk rpdefMunfvufokdU ay;tyfNyD;vQif rdrdjyefvmonfhwkdifatmif aumif;rGefpGm
xdef;odrf;&ef rSmxm;vkdufav\/
uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdUonf eef;pOfywåjrm;udk w½kwfujym; avmpdef\vufrS jyefvnf &&SdvmNyD;aemuf
¤if;ywåjrm;udk rpdefMunf\vuf0,f ay;tyfí armifpH&Sm;rSm avmpdefaoqHk;onfh udpöESifh ywfoufí uomNrdKUü
oufaocH&ef ae&pf&av&m uRefawmfrSm rdb&yfxHokdU ra&mufonfrSm twefMumNyDjzpfí a&TbkdawmifvufokdU
oGm;a&mufvnfywfvsuf &SdaecJhav\/ armifpH&Sm;rSm uomNrdKUü yxru xifjrifoavmuf Mum&SnfpGm
rae&onfjzpfaomaMumifh uRefawmftm; 0ifa&mufac:iif&ef tm;emonf wpfaMumif;? tu,fí
&ufMuefUMumcJhygu ywåjrm;BuD;udk pdefbmbl\vufokdU tyfESif;&ef udpörSm aESmifhaES;MuefUMumrnfvnf;
wpfaMumif;aMumifh uRefawmf&Sd&mokdU r0ifvmbJ &efukefNrdKUokdU wkduf½kdufjyefoGm;ESifhav\/ okdUjzpf&um;
ywåjrm;trIü qufvufpHkaxmuf&jcif;rSm ,cifu trIrsm;uJhodkU uRefawmfudk,fwkdif ryg&SdbJ armifpH&Sm;\
'kdif,m&DrSwfwrf;rsm;rS Munfh½Ia&;om;&jcif; jzpfygaomaMumifh udk,fwkdif Mum;od&onfh taejzifh r[kwfbJ
0w¬KoGm;uJhokdU pD&ifa&;om;&jcif; jzpfygonf/
rpdefMunfESifh ¤if;\rdcif e,fjcm;ta&;ykdifuawmfBuD;wkdUonf rdrdwkdU rlv &nf&G,f&if;twkdif; Aef;armfNrdKUokdU
roGm;bJ a&TvDacsmif;rS &efukefNrdKUodkU jyefvmMuNyD;aemuf rdrdwkdU ae&yfjzpfaom BudKUukef;&Gmü aexkdifvsuf&SdMupOf
wpfnaeü rpdefMunfonf pmykdUukvm;xHrS rdrd\emrnfESifh pmwpfapmifudk &&Sd&mwGif zcif&SdpOftcgu
tysif;ajyt*d¾&wfxkd;&ef aqmufvkyfí xm;cJhaom oeyfzuf wJtwGif;okdU pmudk ,lí0ifoGm;av\/ wJwGif;okdU
a&mufvQif Budrfukvm;xkdifwpfckay:wGif xkdifvsuf pmukdazmufízwf&m atmufygtwkdif;awGU&Sd&av\/
uomNrdKU
atmufwkdbmv 28 &uf
pma&;vk duf ygonf/ wl rBuD;wkd U om;trd ESpf a,muf &ef uk ef okd U aumif ;rG ef pG m qk duf a&muf aMumif; aMu;eef ;
&&Sd í rsm;pG m 0rf ;ajrmuf ygonf/ OD ;rS mvnf; avmpd ef \ud pöNyD;vQif NyD ;csif; jyef v mcJ hygrnf/ trI rSm
a&TOa'gif;
xifoavmuf rMuefUMumbJ eufjzefobufavmuf jyef &vdrfh rnf[k w&m;olBuD;u ajymygonf/ txl;rSm

eef; pOf ywå jrm;udk txl;owd jyKí od rf; qnf ;xm;ygav/ þrQavmuf BuD;av;vSaom wm0efudk wlrBuD;okdU
vTJ tyfrdo nf rSm rSm;acsNyD[ k aemif w&rd ygonf/ okd U&mwGif wl rBuD ;tpG rf ;owåd udk pd wf csrd o nf jzpfí
csD;jr§ifhvkdaomoabmESifh rlvu vTJtyfvkdufrdjcif; jzpf ygonf/ ayg<u,fvnf; rrdao;yg/ trIrSm
ayg<u,fESifhvnf; rNyD;ao;? avmpdefESifhvnf; rqHk;ao;? ¤if; wkdU\txufrS BudK ;qGJíaeaom q&mBuD;rsm;
&S dao;onf[ k owif;&&Sdygonf/ okdU jzpfí aeUa&mnOfUyg toGm;tvm ttdyf tae tpcyfodrf; wkdUudk
0D &d ,ESifh aexkdifygav wlrBuD; rpdef Munf/
pH &S m;/
¤if;pmudk zwfíqHk;onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf tapcHOD;jym;onf wJwGif;okdU 0ifvmí {nfhonfwpfa,muf

a&mufaeojzifh rpdefMunfESifh awGUvkdaMumif;ESifh vma&mufajymqkdav\/ xkdtcg rpdefMunfu vmcJhrnf[k
ajymvkdufNyD;vQif armifpH&Sm;\pmudk ukvm;xkdifESifh zHk\ tMum;ü 0Sufxm;NyD;rS tdrfay:okdU wufoGm;av\/
tdrfaemufavSum;&if;ü yef;cl;íaeaom rdcifESifhawGUí rpdefMunf\ ausmif;aezufoli,fcsif;avavmrod?
rdef;uav;acsmacsm wpfa,muf tdrfa&SU{nfhcef;ü apmifhaeaMumif; ajymojzifh rpdefMunfonf tdrfay: okdU
wufoGm;í {nfhcef;okdU 0ifrdonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf ai;armMunfh½Ií aerdav\/
{nfhcef;wGif; taumif;qHk;aom ukvm;xkdifay:wGif at;at;aq;aq; &Sdaom trlt&mESifh xkdifvsuf

toufoHk;q,fcefUrQ &Sdí tjypfqkdzG,f&mr&Sdatmif acsmarmvSyaom rdef;rwpfa,mufonf aemufqHk;
ay:aygufaom t0wftxnfwkdUjzifh pwkdifusepGm 0wfqifvsuf pD;u&ufwpfvdyfudk aomuf½SLumaeonfudk
awGUjrif&av\/ ¤if;rdef;rrSm rdrd\ todtuRrf;r[kwfonfhtwGuf tHhMojcif;xuf rdef;rwkdU "r®wmoabmtwkdif;
*kdufusatmif 0wfqifwwfaom rdef;rwpfa,mufonf rdrdxufyif ydkrdkí *kdufusatmif 0wfqifíxm;aom
tjcm;rdef;rwpfa,mufudk jrif&aomtcgü tHhMojcif;u omvGefxl;uJ cJhav\/
5 puúefUtwGif;wGif þrdef;ronfum; omrnrdef;rwpfa,muf r[kwfaMumif;udk tuJcwfrdNyD;aemuf
rpdefMunfonf teD;&Sd ukvm;xkdifay:ü xkdifrdvQif
rd ef ;r/ /]rpdefMunf r[kwfygvm;}

Munf/ /]rSefygw,f? bmudpöygvJ&Sif}
r/ /]rif;uawmf rdrdav; qkdwm uRefrygyJ}
Munf/ /]onf;cHyg&Sif? uRefru aumif;aumif;rrSwfrdbl;? uRefrwkdU b,frSmawGUzl;MuygovJ&Sif}
r/ /]rawGUzl;Muygbl; ? rpdefMunf? okdUaomf ESpfa,mufpvHk;twGuf ta&;BuD;wJh udpöwpfckESifh uRefr
vm&jcif;jzpfygw,f? onfae&mrSm pum;ajymvkdU vlrsm;Mum;Edkifovm;? wpfqdwfavmufwHcg;ydwfvkdufyg&Sif}
[kajymojzifh rpdefMunfu wHcg;udk xí ydwfNyD;aemuf
r/ /(rpdefMunfudk ajcqHk;acgif;qHk; MunfhNyD;rS) ]uRefrrdwfaqGrsm;u rpdefMunfudk tifrwefacgif;rmvdrfhr,fvkdU

ajymaeMuw,f&Sifh? 'gaMumifh uRefrudk,fwkdif tusdK;taMumif;ajymjy&if em;vnfygvdrhfr,f vkdU ajymNyD; udk,fwkdif
vmcJh&jcif; jzpfygw,f}
Munf/ /]uRefr aumif;aumif; em;rvnfygbl;&Sif? b,fu ... }
r/ /]udkif; wkdwkdwkwfwkwf ajymvkdufawmhr,f? rpdefMunfwkdUrSm zcifqHk;NyD;wJhaemuf xifoavmuf aMu;aiG
rusef&pfwJh twGuf usyfwnf;aew,f r[kwfvm;? uRefrajymwm wpfckvkyf&if 5000d ay;ygr,f&Sif}
Munf/ /(tvGeftHhMovsuf&SdaeNyD;rS armifpH&Sm;u owday;vkdufaom pmudk owd&ojzifh xkdrdef;r\ udpöudk &dyfrdí)
]uRefr em;rvnfEkdifatmif &Sdaeygw,f&Sif}
r/ /(em;vnfNyD;jzpfaMumif;udk &dyfrdaomfvnf;) ]OD;pH&Sm; tyfvkdufwJh txkyfuav;ukd uRefrudk ay;yg? aiG 5000d
,ckcsufcsif; uRefr ay;ygr,f}
Munf/ /(xkdif&mrS xvsuf) ]&SifbmawG ajymaerSef;udk uRefr em;rvnfygbl;&Sif? okdUaomf em;vnfatmifvnf;
ajymraeygESifhawmh? roGm;cif vufzuf&nfwpfcGufavmufaomuf ... }
r/ /(pl;&SaomrsufvHk;wkdUjzifh aphaphMunfhvsuf) ]owdxm;ygaemf rpdefMunf? uRefrwkdU txJrSm &Sif0ifNyD;
r½IyfcsifygESifh? tusdK;vJ r&Sd? ab;tEÅ&m,fvnf; a&mufwwfao;&JU? aiG 5000d udkom at;at;,lyg&Sif}
Munf/ /]tkd&Sifh OD;jym;? {nfhonfzdkU vufzuf&nf wpfcGuf azsmfcJhyg&Sif}
r/ /]o,f rdrdav;qkdwm rMum;zl;ava&mhvm;? &Sdap &Sdap? owdxm;&pfyg rpdefMunf? usKyf oGm;OD;r,f}
¤if;aemuf rdrdav;onf tdrfay:rS qif;oGm;í tdrfa&SUüapmifhaeaom um;BuD;ay: okdU wufrdonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf

um;vnf; xGufoGm;av\/
¤if;aemuf rpdefMunfonf rdcif pdwfylyifrnfudk pkd;ojzifh xkdtaMumif;udk rdciftm; rajymbJ armifpH&Sm;\ pmudk
,liif&ef oeyfzufwJodkU 0ifoGm;av\/ xkdtcsdefum;ae0ifpjzpfí arSmifawmhrnfqJqJ &dSae&m rpdefMunfonf
wJwGif;okdU 0ifí ukvm;xkdifay:wGif wifxm;aom zHkudkvSefvkduf&m rsufvHk;jymí oGm;av\/ taMumif;aomfum;
armifpH&Sm;\ pmonf r&Sdawmhacs/
xkdUaemuf rpdefMunfonf rdrdyif txm;rSm;avoavm[k rdrd\ tusÐtdwfüvnf;aumif;?
ukvm;xkdifatmufüvnf;aumif;? tBudKtMum;wkdUüvnf;aumif; &SmazGygaomfvnf; rawGUr&Sdawmhacs/ ,if;okdU
jzpf&um; rpdefMunfrSm rsm;pGm wkefvIyfvsuf tapcHOD;jym;udk ac:iifar;jref;rnf[k OD;jym;\trnfudk
ac:rnfjyKonfESifh vufBuD;wpfzufonf rpdefMunf\ yg;pyfudk ydwfxm;NyD;vQif vufwpfzufonf rpdefMunfudk
ayGUcsDNyD;aemuf ESm0ü jyif;xefaom teHUwpfckudk &&Sdí owdarhavsmh epfajrmoGm;av\/
armifpH&Sm;onf uomNrdKUrS jyefvnfqkdufa&muf&m rdrdemrnfESifh qkdufa&mufESifhaom aMu;eef;rsm;? pmrsm;udk
zwf½Ivsuf&SdpOf atmufygaMu;eef;wpfapmifudk zwf½I&av\/
]]rpdef Munf raeUu aysmuf oGm;avNyD / ta': ½l;&acs&J U/ jrefjref vmyg/}}
aMu;eef;udk zwf½INyD;onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf armifpH&Sm;onf BudKUukef;odkU c&D;jyif; armif;ESifvmcJhí rif;uawmfBuD;\

aetdrfokdU qkdufa&mufavvQif rif;uawmfBuD;rSm eef;pOfywåjrm;trIESifh ywfoufí a&vnfatmif rodaomfvnf;
a&TOa'gif;
orD;aysmufoGm;onfhtwGuf &ifbwf pnfwD; &SdaeESifhav\/ xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;u pkd;&drf&ef r&SdaMumif;? rdrd

awGUatmif &Smay;rnfhtaMumif; ajymqkdNyD;aemuf
&S m;/ /]aeygOD; a':a' : tapcH b,fESpfa,muf &SdovJ}

awmf / /]armifjym;&,f ? xrif;csufwJh r,frd&,f? O,smOfrSL;vkyfwJh vluav; zkd;aqmif;&,f oHk;a,muf&Sdygw,f
wl&,f}
&S m;/ /]olwdkU ,HkMunfpdwfcs&&JUvm;}
awmf / /]i,farG;NcHaygufcsnf;yg armif&,f ? pdwfcs&ygw,f}
&S m;/ /]b,ftcsdefavmuf aysmufoGm;ovJ}
awmf / /]naeavmuf aysmufoGm;ygw,f wl&,f}
&S m;/ /]{nfhonf t0iftxGufrsm; &Sdovm;}
awmf / /]aMomf rdef;r wpfa,mufawmh vmw,f armifa&U? a':a': ESifhawmh rawGUvkduf&ygbl;? rpdefMunfudk
awGUcsifw,fqkdNyD; olwkdUESpfa,muf tdrfay: xyfrSm pum;ajymaeMu&mrS xrif;pm;r,fvkdU OD;jym;udk t&Smckdif;awmh
wJxJ0ifoGm;wm jrifw,fqkdvkdU &Smapwm rawGUygbl; armif&,f}
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf OD;jym;udk ac:í wJi,fodkU 0ifNyD;vQif wJ\ tajctaeudk MunfhNyD;aemuf tdrfay: okdU
wufvmí
&S m;/ /]raeUu vmwJh rdef;rudk a':a': rjrifvkdufbl;vm;}
awmf / /][kwfuJh ? cPuav;awmh jrifvkdufrdygw,f? rdef;r ykykysyfysyf acsmacsmvSvS t0wfopf tpm;opf ESifhygyJ
armif}
&S m;/ /]vufsmzuf yg;rSm rsuf&nfcHrSJUuav; rygbl;vm;}
awmf / /]'gawmh owdrxm;rdbl; armif&,f}
&S m;/ /]0wfyHkpm;yHkuawmh rpdefMunfwkdUvkd bkdcwfqefqef r[kwfvm;}
awmf / /][kwfygw,f? [kwfygw,f? olwkdU 0wfyHkrsdK;ygyJ}
&S m;/ /]wefawmh rdrdav;wkdU vlpkyJ? udkif;? bmrS rylESifh a':a' : uRefawmf &atmif &Smay;r,f? okdUaomf ½kwfw&uf
rawGUayr,fh odyfNyD;rylESifhaemf a':a' : ESpf&uf oHk;&uf ponfMumvQif rkcsawGUapr,f? pdwfomcsaeyg a':a':}
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf wJ\ ywf0ef;usif t&yfwkdUü vSnfhywfum Munfh½I&m aemufaz;vrf;Mum;ü

vlwpfa,muf\ oGm;ajc&mESifh jyefajc&mwkdUukd awGU&Sdav\/ vmcJhaom ajc&mxuf jyefoGm;aom ajc&mrSm
pl;0ifxif&Sm;onf jzpfaomaMumifh rpdefMunfudk ayGUcsDí ac:aqmifoGm;aMumif; od&Sd&av\/ ¤if;ajc&mtwkdif;
vkdufoGm;jyefaomf ajc&mwpfckonf ajray:ü aumif;aumif;BuD; pl;0ifaeonfudk awGU&Sd&ojzifh þae&mü
vlwpfa,mufonf &yfíapmifhaeaMumif; od&Sd&av\/ ¤if;aemuf ajc&mESpfckonf ajcvSrf;rrSefonfudk jrifojzifh
þae&mrSpí rpdefMunfudk ESpfa,muf ayGUcsDí,loGm;aMumif; od&Sd&av\/ ¤if;aemuf ausmufvrf;ay: okdU
a&mufojzifh ajc&mrsm; aysmufoGm;av\/
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf rif;uawmfBuD;\ aetdrfokdU tpOfwkdif;jyefvmcJhNyD;vQif pmwpfapmif r&&Sdygoavm[k

ar;jref;ojzifh rif;uawmfBuD;u rnfol\ xHrS rod? [kdaeUu pmwkdufrS pmwpfapmif&&SdaMumif;
ajymqkdonfwGif ¤if;pmudk &SmazGap&m rnfonfhae&mürQ rawGUbJ &Sdaeav\/ ,if;odkU&SdpOf
aMu;eef;pmydkUukvm;onf pufbD;ESifhvmí aMu;eef;wpfapmif ay;ydkUvm&m rif;uawmfBuD;u aus;Zl;jyKí
ukdpH&Sm;ay;&ef [k vdyfwyfxm;ojzifh pmtdwfudk zGifhMunfh&m atmufygtwkdif; awGU&Sd&av\/
]]toif&Smaeaom ol ud k awG Uvkd vQif BudKUuk ef ;rSm tcsdef jzKef; raeygESifh / oif \ td rf okd U jyef yg/ pmwpfa pmif
awGUygvdrf hrnf/ ¤if;pmwGif ygonfhtwkdif; aqmif&Gufygav}}
aMu;eef;rSm &efukefNrdKU aMu;eef;½Hk;BuD;rS ½kdufvkdufaom aMu;eef;jzpfavonf/ aMu;eef;udk zwfNyD;onfESifh

wpfNydKifeuf armifpH&Sm;onf rif;uawmfBuD;tm; oifhavsmfatmif ajymcJhí armfawmfum;ESifh vrf; 40 okdU
taqmwvsif armif;ESifvmcJhav\/ tdrfokdUa&mufaomtcg pm;yGJay:ü rdrd\trnfESifh pmwpfapmifudk awGU&Sd&m
¤if;rSm ...
]]trIa ygif; rsm;pGmwk dUü emrnf &cJh aomf vnf ; ,ckw pf cg t½HI;ay;vkdufygawmh OD;pH&Sm;/ ywåjrm;udk
uREfkyfwkdUvufokdU a&mufatmif enf ;rsd K;pHk ES if h ppfa r;awmh rnf/ 0Suf xm;aom ae&mudk rajymcJh vQif
ajymatmif ppfaq;enf; rsm;pG m &Sdonf/ xkdt awmtwGif; OD ;pH&Sm;u uREfk fyfwk dUudk raESm ifh ,S ufygES ifh /
pum;udk em;raxmifvQif tqHk;pD&ifvkdufrnf}}
¤if;pmudk rnfokdU&aMumif; tapcHtm; ar;aomtcg oli,fwpfa,muf vma&mufay;aMumif;ESifh ajymqkdav\/

¤if;aemuf em&Dudk Munfhvkdufaomtcg ig;em&DcGJNyD;NyDjzpfí armifpH&Sm;onf om;a&aowåmudk vsifjrefpGm jyifNyD;vQif
blwm½HkokdU oGm;í 6 em&DpmydkU&xm;ESifh rEÅav;okdU vkdufav\/
aemufwpfaeU aeUvnfwGif rEÅav;blwm½HkokdU qkdufa&mufaomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf um;wpfpD;ESifh tmV0Dvrf;&Sd
[kdw,fokdUa&mufí ypönf;rsm;udk csrdavvQif {nfhcef;ü vlwpfa,mufonf owif;pmwpfapmifudk zwfvsuf&Sd&m
ajcoHMum;onfESifh owif;pmudk csí armfMunfhvkdufonfwGif armifpH&Sm;u opfawm0efaxmufuav;
armifxGef;atmifjzpfaMumif; od&Sd&av\/ 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om EIwfqufMuNyD;aemuf armifxGef;atmifu rdrdrSm
opfawmrif;BuD; e,fvSnfhvmckdufwGif txl;udpöESifh rEÅav;rS vma&mufawGUqHk&ef oHBudK;&ojzifh vma&muf
&jcif;jzpfaMumif; ajymqkdNyD;vQif rpdefMunf\ taMumif;udk ar;jref;&m armifpH&Sm;vnf; tjzpftysufudk [kwfwkdif;
rSef&m xkwfazmfí ajym&av\/
armifxGef;atmifrSm rpdefMunftay:ü pGJvrf;wyfrufvsufyif &Sdao;&um; tdrfajr§miftNrD;jywf jzpfNyD;vQif
vl;vmcwfvsuf ]vkyfprf;ygOD;cifAsm? BudK;pm;prf;ygcifAsm? rawmfwq vufvGefoGm;rSjzifh tusdK;enf;yga&mvm;
cifAsm} ponfjzifh a&&Gwfjrnfwrf;vsuf &Sdav\/ armifpH&Sm;vnf; wwfEkdiforQ BudK;pm;ygrnf[k 0efcHNyD;vQif
ypönf;rsm;udk ae&mcsxm;í anmifyifaps;*wfXmemokdU oGm;NyD;aemuf XmemtkyfESifh tcsdeftwefMum
wkdifyifMuav\/
xkdaeUnü armifpH&Sm;onf ½kyfzsufNyD;vQif vlqkd;rsm; aexkdifpk½Hk;&m zJ0kdif;rsm;odkYvnf;aumif;? t&ufqkdifrsm;odkU
vnf;aumif;? bdef;cef;rsm;okdU vnf;aumif; oGm;a&muf pHkprf;ygaomfvnf; owif;r&bJ &SdaecJhav\/
a&TOa'gif;
aemufwpfaeU eHeuf tdyf&mrSxí armifpH&Sm;onf {nfhcef;okdU qif;vmaomtcg rdrd\ trnfESifh pmwpfapmifudk

awGU&Sd&av&m ¤if;rSm
]]OD ;pH &Sm;rSm ]ynm&Sdaomfvnf; owdjzpf cJ onf } qkd aom pum;yH kuJ hod kU &S dacsNyD / odk Ujzpfí uREfk yf wk dU\
pum;udk em;raxmifbJ vkdufvmcJhrd NyD/ okdUaomf &SdapOD;? ,ckwpf Budrfxyfavmif;í owday;OD ;rnf/ ,aeU
aeUvnf 12 em&D xkd ;onfESifh wpf Nyd Kif euf uREkf yfwkdU\ vlwpfa,muf [kdw,fokdU vma&mufvdrfhrnf /
xkdoltm; pmwpfapmifa &;í ay;vkdufyg/ a&;&ef pmrS m rpdef Munftm; ywåjrm;0Suf x m;aom ae&mud k
uREfkyfwkdUtm; ajymvkdufygawmh[k cG if hjyKvkdufyg/ xkdpmukd uREf kyfwkdU &vQif rpdefMunfudk n 10
em&Dw kd if atmif ppf ar;rnf/ 10 em&Dx kd;í acgif;rmaeao;cJhvQif pD &ifvkduf&awmhrnf/ þpmonf
aemufq Hk ;pm jzpf onf / rpdefMunf toufuk d ES ajrmcJ hvQif ay;jzpf atmif ay;vkdufyg OD ;pH&Sm;/}}
pmudk zwfNyD;aemuf armifxGef;atmifvnf; {nfhcef;okdU 0ifvm&m armifpH&Sm;onf xkdpmudk armifxGef;atmiftm;

jyonfwGif a&S;uxufyif aqGUaqGUckef jzpfjyefav\/
atmif/ /]b,fhES,fvkyfyghr,f cifAsm}

&S m;/ /]olwkdU vkdcsifwm ay;½Hk &Sdwmaygh armif}
atmif/ /]aumif;yg&JU cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]udkif; okdUaomf? ae&pfOD;? XmemtkyfESifh pDrHp&muav; &Sdao;w,f? usKyf rjyefvmcif b,frS roGm;ESifhaemf}
atmif/ /]pdwfcsyg cifAsm}
XmemokdU a&mufaomtcg armifpH&Sm;tm; Xmemtkyftm; 11 em&DcGJonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf XmemtkyfESifh ykvdyfom;

oHk;a,mufyg t&yf0wft&yfpm;ESihf [kdw,fa&SUrS ra,mifrvnf apmifhaeMu&ef rSmxm;cJhNyD;vQif [kdw,fokdU
jyefoGm;av\/ a&mufaomtcg pkd;&drfBuD;pGmESifh apmifhaeaom armifxGef;atmiftm;
&S m;/ /]12 em&D xkd;awmh olwkdUtxJu b,fol vmr,f rqkdEkdifbl;? wpfa,mufawmh vmvdrfhr,f? vmwJhtcgrSm
armifu wkdufay:u apmifhae? usKyfr&Sdao;bl; ajymNyD; vmoludk tapmifhckdif;xm; ? Mum;vm;}
atmif/ /]aumif;ygNyD cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]okdUaomf jyefroGm;apESifhaemf? b,fenf;ESifhrqkd &atmif wm;xm; ? Mum;vm;}
atmif/ /]pdwfcsyg cifAsm}
11 em&DcGJtcsdefwGif armifpH&Sm;onf [kdw,fa&SUodkU xGufí rsufESmcsif;qkdif vufzuf&nfqkdifokdU 0ifNyD;vQif

ra,mifrvnf Munfhvsuf&Sd&m um;wpfpD;ESifh vlav;a,muf qkdufa&mufvmMuav\/
¤if;wdkUteuf wpfa,mufaom olrSm Xmemtkyfyifjzpfavonf/ ¤if;wkdUonf um;ay:rSm qif;MuNyD;aemuf
wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf EIwfquf[efjyKí wpfa,mufwpfuGJ xGufoGm;Muav\/ armifpH&Sm;onf
XmemtkyfaemufrS vkdufNyD;vQif twefi,fa0;uGmaom t&yfokdU a&mufoumv ½kwfw&uf csOf;uyfí
&S m;/ /]cifAsm;u [kdw,fa&SU vufzuf&nfqkdifrSmaeyg? ajymp&m&Sd&if usKyfvmajymr,f? cifAsm;vlrsm;udkvnf;

taMumif;&Sd&if ½kwfw&uf pk½Hk;zkdU tcsufay;xm;NyD;NyDvm;}
tkyf/ /]NyD;ygNyD q&m}
&S m;/ /]aumif;NyD? usKyf jyefr,f? cifAsm; cyfvSrf;vSrf;u vkdufcJh}
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf [kdw,fwGif;okdU wpfzef0ifí tcef;wpfcef;rS vQdKU0SufpGm acsmif;ajrmif;Munfh½Ivsuf &Sd&m

12 em&Dxkd;onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf um;wpfpD;qkdufa&mufí vlwpfa,mufonf um;ay:rS wkwfuav;udk 0ifhum
cyfat;at; qif;vmav\/ ¤if;rSm ayg<u,fyif jzpfavonf/ [kdw,fwGif;odkU 0ifrdvQif ayg<u,fonf
bGdKifukvm;wpfa,muftm; OD;pH&Sm;qyf r&Sdygoavm[k ar;í wkdufay: okdU nTefvkdufonfESifh avcRefum wkdufay:
okdU wufoGm;av\/
&S m;/ /]awmfawmfvmwJhtaumifyJ? okdUaomf ightBuHudk &dyfrd[efawmh rwlbl;}

[k wD;wkd; wpfa,mufwnf; ajymNyD;aemuf vufzuf&nfqkdifodkU vsifjrefpGm ul;oGm;NyD;vQif Xmemtkyftm; ayg<u,f
pD;vmaom um;udk nTefjyvsuf
&S m;/ /]a[m[kdum;u '½kdifbmudk taMumif;wpfckck &SmNyD; Xmemudk zrf;oGm;ayhapAsm? NyD;awmh wuúpDwpfpD;
tcefUoifh &Smxm;? ayg<u,fqif;vmawmh jrifomavmufatmif ae&mu aeayap? olUudk ac: pD;wJhtcgusawmh
ayg<u,f b,frSm qif;w,f qkdwm od&atmif '½kdifbmudk rSmxm;? Mum;vm;}
tkyf/ /]aumif;ygNyD q&m}
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf [kdw,fokdU 0ifNyD;vQif tay: xyf okdU wufoGm;av\/ xdkcPü ykvdyfom;wkdUonf
ayg<u,f\ um;'½kdifbmudk zrf;qD;aeojzifh qlnHqlnH &Sdaeonfudk Mum;&av\/
wkdufay: okdU a&mufaomtcg armifxGef;atmifonf ayg<u,ftm; vufcHpum;ajymvsuf &Sd&m armifpH&Sm;onf
ayg<u,fudk jrifí tHhtm;oifha,mif jyKvsuf
&S m;/ /]tvkd? ighrSm wjcm;vl rSwfw,f? ayg<u,fvm;a[h}

<u,f/ /][kwfw,f q&m}
&S m;/ /]bmudpövJ uGJU}
<u,f/ /]12 em&Dxkd;vkdU uRefawmf vmcJhwmyJ q&m}
&S m;/ /]atmf 'Dvkdudk;? 'gjzifh rif;u rdrdav; vl jzpfaeNyDayghav}
<u,f/ /]'Dvkdaygh q&m? udkif; b,fhES,fvJ q&m}
&S m;/ /]EkdY aeygOD;uGJU? wu,fvkdU rif;wkdU ajymwJhtwkdif; igu pma&;NyD; ay;ygNyDwJhuG,f? rif;wkdUu rpdefMunfudk
jyefNyD;vTwfvkdufr,fvkdU igb,fenf;ESifh pdwfcs&atmif rif;wkdU vkyfrvJ}
a&TOa'gif;
<u,f/ /]vlqkd;ayr,fh opömrazmufygbl; q&m? pdwfcsygawmh? ypönf;udk uRefawmfwkdU vuf0,fa&muf&if

a&mufcsif; vTwfvkdufygr,f}
&S m;/ /]at; at;? 'gyJuGJUaemf? rif;wkdUpum; wnfayhap? wu,fvkdUrsm; rpdefMunf aozkdU rajymESifh? vufzsm;ESifh
rif;wkdU xdcJhvkdU &Sd&if jrefrmjynfwpfjynfvHk;u ykvdyfwyfESifh eif;NyD; ayg<u,faom? rdrdav;aom? ,u©r,faom
b,folUrSrcsef tukef BudK;uGif;pGyfap&r,f ? a[h Mum;vm;}
armifpH&Sm;onf ,u©r,f[laom trnfudk prf;oyfí xnfhoGif;jcdrf;ajcmuf&m ayg<u,f rsufESmysufonfudk

jrifojzifh ¤if;vnf; yg0ifaMumif; &dyfrdod&Sd&av\/
<u,f/ /]pdwfcsyg q&m? ysufuGufcJh&if xifovkd pDrHygawmh}
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf rdrd pDpOfíxm;aom pmudk tdwfrS xkwfí ayg<u,ftm; ay;tyf&m ayg<u,fonf pmudk
zwfíMunfhonfwGif atmufygtwkdif; awGU&av\/
]]pma&;vkdufonf wlrBuD; rpd efMunf? ck cH jiif; y,fí tcsnf;ESD;jzpf awmhonf/ vQdKU0Suf&m t&yf udk
ajymavawmh/ OD ;\vufa&;udk wl rBuD; odNyD r[kwf ygvm;/ xkwf azmfajym&ef OD;u cG ifha y;ygonf /
,HkMunfavmufap&ef OD;\ vufpGyfudkvnf; xnfhay;vkdufonf/ ajymjzpfatmif ajymvkdufyg/
vTwfvkdufaomtcg tmV0Dvrf; [kdw,fodkU vmcJhyg/ OD ;apmifhaernf/
pH &S m; }}
pmudk zwfNyD;aemuf
&S m;/ /]b,fhES,fvJ}
<u,f/ /]awmfavmufygNyD q&m}
&S m;/ /]udkif; jrefjref oGm;ayawmh? igajymwm owdxm;aemf a[haumif}
______
rpdefMunfonf owd&vmojzifh rsufpdrsm;udk zGifhíMunfhvkdufaomtcg rD;&xm; 'kwd,wef; wGJwpfwGJ twGif;

a&mufvsuf &Sdonfudk od&Sd&av&m teD;üum; rdrdav; qkdaom rdef;rwpfa,mufwnf; omvQif xkdifvsuf
&Sdav\/ rdrdav;vnf; rpdefMunf owd&vmaMumif;udk awGUjrif&aomtcg qlqlnHnH jyKvkyfaomfvnf;
tusdK;r&SdaMumif;? wdwfqdwfpGm vkdufygu ab;Oyg'ftEÅ&m,f wpfpHkwpfckrQ qkdufa&muf&rnf r[kwfaMumif;?
pHkaxmuf OD;pH&Sm;rSm rdrdwkdU vufwGif;okdU usa&mufaeNyDjzpfaMumif;? tu,fí tkwfatmfaomif;wif; jyKojzifh
rdrdyifvQif &efolvufu vGwfapumrl armifpH&Sm;udk owfí ypfvkdufrnfjzpfaMumif;? tu,fí aumif;rGef
qdwfjidrfpGm vkdufygcJhygrl armifpH&Sm;ESifh ESpfOD;awGUqHkapNyD;aemuf ESpfa,mufvHk;udk vTwfvkdufrnfjzpfaMumif;

ajymqkd&mwGif rpdefMunfonf tqHk;wkdifMunfhOD;rnf[k wdwfqdwfpGm vkdufyg vmcJhav\/
rD;&xm;onf rEÅav;blwm½HkokdU a&mufaomtcg rdrdav;onf rpdefMunfudk armfawmfum;ESifh wifí ajrmufjyifodkU
ac:aqmifoGm;NyD;vQif wpfckaom tdrfodkU a&mufoumv armifpH&Sm;ESifh awGUaprnf[kajymí ajrwkdufBuD;
wpfcktwGif; oGwfoGif;xm;vkdufav\/ ajrwkdufwGif;okdU a&mufaomtcg armifpH&Sm;ESifhum; rawGU&SdbJ rdrdav;
qkdolu ywåjrm; 0Sufxm;&mt&yfudk rdrdtm; ajymjy&ef tzefzefacsmharmhívnf;aumif;? ajcmufvSefUí vnf;aumif;
ar;jref;av&m rpdefMunfonf tu,fí OD;pH&Sm;u ywåjrm;udk rdrdtm; tyfxm;cJhapumrl ,HkMunfí tyfESHxm;aom
ypönf;udk rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQ xkwfazmfí rajymEkdifaMumif;ESifh wif;rmpGm jiif;y,fvsuf &Sdav\/
wpfnoü rpdefMunfonf ajrwkdufBuD;twGif; pdwfnpfnL;pGmESifh tdyf&müvSJvsuf arG;ordcifBuD;
ylyif&SmrnfhtaMumif;udk awG;awmvsuf rsuf&nfrsm; rqnfEkdifatmif &SdaepOf ajrwkdufwHcg;udk zGifhoHMum;NyD;aemuf
vlwpfa,mufonf rD;cGufudk udkifí 0ifvmav\/ ¤if;\ aemufüum; rdef;rESpfa,muf 0ifvm&m wpfa,mufrSm
rdrdav; jzpfí tjcm;wpfa,mufudk jrif&aomtcgüum; rpdefMunfrSm MuufoD;arG;nif; xíoGm;rdav\/
wkwfwkwfNyJNyJ rnf;rnf;onf;onf; &Sdvsuf rsufESmxm; tvGefw&m qkd;0g;vSaom rdef;rBuD; wpfa,mufonf
pdefem;uyf pdefvufaumuf tp&Sdaom vuf0wfvufpm;wkdYudk 0wfqifvsuf rsufaxmifheDBuD;jzifh rdrdtm;
pdkufíMunfhae&m oGm;wkdUrSmvnf; wpfzufwpfcsuf twufrsm; aygufaeojzifh &,fvkdufonfhtcgrSm bDvl;rESifh
wlvSaomaMumifh ,u©r,f [lí emrnf&aom rdef;rqkd;BuD;yif jzpfav&m ajrwkdufwGif;ü &Sdaom
cHk&Snfwpfckay:wGif xkdifrdMuvQif ,u©r,f qkdolu pum;rajymbJ rdrdav;u udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfESifh
pum;ajymonfrSm
av;/ /]b,fhES,fvJ rpdefMunf? usKyfwkdU apmifh&wm MumvSNyD? aemufxyfNyD; tcsdefrjzKef;Ekdifbl; rpdefMunf&JU?

'gaMumifh onfuaeUn ocifrBuD;udk,fwkdif vkdufvmcJhw,f? ajymawmhrSmvm;}
Munf/ /]rajymEkdifbl;}
av;/ /]w,facgif;rmyguvm;? tm* rdef;uav;yJ? uRefrwkdU toif;xJyg&&if aumif;rSmaemf ocifr}
[k ,u©r,fzufodkU vSnfhíajymaomtcg ,u©r,fonf OD;acgif;ndwfí jyav\/ ¤if;aemuf qufvufí
av;/ /]aeygOD;? onfavmufawmif acgif;rmwmu OD;pH&Sm;xHrS ajymcGifhr&vkdU [kwfp? udkif; udkif; a[m'DrSm
OD;pH&Sm; udk,fwkdif a&;vkdufwJh pmvJ ygw,f? vufpGyfvJ ygw,f? olUvufa&;udk rpdefMunf odw,f r[kwfvm;?
a&mh zwfMunfhprf;}
[k ajymí armifpH&Sm;xHrS pmESifhvufpGyfudk ay;tyf&m rpdefMunfonf pmudk ,lí zwfav\/ ¤if;aemuf ...
av;/ /]udkif; b,fhES,fvJ? ,HkMunfNyDvm; ajymawmhrvm;}

Munf/ /]uRefr rajymEkdifbl;}
av;/ /(,u©r,fudk Munfhvsuf) ]cufvSyguvm; u½kdU? pD&ifvkdufrS xifw,f}
,u©r,f/ /]wpfcgwnf; rpD&ifESifh? toufraocif tysdK&nfysufatmif bkd;xGm;wkdU vlpk vufudk tyfvkduf}
av;/ /]ajymvkdufyg rpdefMunf&,f}
a&TOa'gif;
rpdefMunfonf OD;acgif;udkomvQif ,rf;íjyojzifh rdrdav;wkdU vlpkvnf; xGufoGm;Muav\/ wpfcPrQMumvQif

t&yftarmif; xGm;BudKif; Murf;wrf;vSaom vlwpfa,mufonf ajrwkdufwGif;odkU 0ifvmav\/
______
armifpH&Sm;onf vufzuf&nfqkdifokdU ul;oGm;NyD;vQif XmemtkyfESifh awGUqHkav&m rdrd pDrHxm;onfhtwkdif;

txajrmufojzifh wuúpDarmif;orm; jyefvmrnfudk apmifhqkdif;vsuf &SdMuav\/ em&Dwpf0ufcefUrQ MumvQif
wuúpDarmif;orm; jyefvmí ajrmufjyif om;&Japs;teD; tdrfBuD;wpfaqmif teD;ü xkdoludk csxm;cJh&aMumif;?
tdrfBuD;twGif;odkY 0ifoGm;onfudk rdrdu apmifhí MunfhcJhaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdav\/ xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;u
Xmemtkyftm; rpdefMunf\ trnfyg&Sdaeí odrfarGUaom trIrsdK;jzpfojzifh ykvdyft&m&SdwkdU yg&Sdygu tkwfatmf
aomif;wif; jzpfNyD;vQif wkdif;odjynfodjzpfoGm;rnfudk rdrd pkd;&drfaMumif;? okdUjzpfí rdrdudk,fwkdifomvQif
aqmif&GufvkdaMumif;? okdU&mwGif n 12 em&Dxkd;írS rdrdwkdU jyefí rvmcJhvQif wuúpDarmif;orm;ESifhtwl
ykvdyfom;rsm;yg xkdtdrfBuD;okdU vkdufvmcJhMu&ef taMumif;ESifh rSmxm;ojzifh Xmemtkyfvnf; EkdifiHausmf
pHkaxmufBuD;\ tmPmudk rzDqef0Hhonfjzpfí cdkif;aponfhtwkdif; aqmif&Gufygrnf[k 0efcHNyD;vQif XmemodkU
jyefoGm;av\/
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf wuúpDarmif;orm;udk apmifhqkdif;apí [kdw,fokdU wufNyD;vQif armifxGef;atmifESifh
wkdifyif&m armifxGef;atmifu rpdefMunftwGuf aqmif&Guf&rnfqkdvQif wpfoufrQ ru q,foufyif aoapumrl
0rf;ajrmufpGm aqmif&Gufygrnf taMumif;ESifh ajymqkdav\/
¤if;aemuf wuúpDESifh ajrmufjyifokdU ESpfa,mufom; oGm;MuNyD;vQif tdrfBuD;ESifh reD;ra0; a&mufoumv &yfapí
'½kdifbmtm; xkdtdrfBuD;ESifh uyfvsuf&Sdaom tdrfrS tdrf&Sifudk taMumif;wpfckESifh vSnfhywfí ac:cJh&ef
apvTwfvkdufavonf/ armifpH&Sm;wkdUvnf; um;ay:rS xkdifíapmifhaeMu&m twefMumaomf '½kdifbmonf tbkd;BuD;
wpfa,mufudk ac:ívmav\/ um;ay: okdU wufNyD;vQif tbkd;BuD;tm; acsmharmh ar;jref;av&m rdrd tvkd&Sdaom
t&mudk acsmharmhwefvQif acsmharmhí Ncdrf;ajcmufwefvQifvnf; Ncdrf;ajcmufí ar;jref;&mü txl;usifvnfol
wpfa,muf jzpfonfhtwkdif; xkdtdrfBuD;rSm ajrwkdufwpfck &SdaMumif;? rdrdtdrfrSmvnf; ajrwkduf&SdaMumif;? ¤if;wkdUukd
,Gef;xnfrsm; odkavSmif&ef toHk;jyKaMumif;ESifh od&Sd&av\/ ¤if;aemuf tbkd;BuD;tm; udpöudk tusOf;csKyfajymí
ae0ifonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf ¤if;\ tdrfokdU rdrdwkdU vmcJhrnfhtaMumif; ajymNyD;vQif aiG 100d udk ay;tyfí
tbkd;BuD;udk vTwfvkdufav\/
ae0ifonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf armifpH&Sm;ESifh armifxGef;atmifwkdUonf tbkd;BuD;\ tdrfokdU oGm;a&mufMuNyD;vQif
ajrwkdufwGif;odkU qif;í tdrfBuD;buf&Sd ajrwkdufokdU aygufatmif wjznf;jznf; wl;azmufMuav\/
______
rpdefMunfonf xkdol 0ifvmonfudk jrifonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf toufudk rESajrmaomffvnf; tysdK&nfysufrnfudk

aMumufvSojzifh aoonfwkdifatmif ckcHawmhtHh[k vufonf;ESifhvnf;aumif;? oGm;ESifh udkufívnf;aumif;
trsdK;rsdK; ukwfjcpfudkufzJhí uefaMumuf½kef;z,fav\/ okdU&mwGif cGeftm;Av BuD;rm;vSaom bkd;xGm;onf
rpdefMunf\ cGeftm;avmufrQudk yrmPrjyKbJ uav;udk ayGU&bdouJhodkU ayGUcsDNyD;vQif uGyfyspfay: okdU wifav&m
rpdefMunf\ atmf[pfuefaMumufjcif;aMumifh tjcm;aom toHudk rMum;&bJ atmfoH idkoH wkdYjzifhomvQif ajrwkduf
wpfckvHk; qlnHvsuf&Sdav\/ bkd;xGm;onf rpdefMunfudk ayGUzuf erf;½Iwfrnf jyKonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf

ajrwkdufonf wpfbufrS NydKvmí vlESpfa,mufwkdUonf ajcmufvHk;jyL;rsm;ESifh bGm;ceJ ay:vmav\/
armifxGef;atmifvnf; vJaeaom rpdefMunftm; ayGUcsDav&m armifpH&Sm;rSmrl xGufajy;oGm;aom bdk;xGm;\
aemufokdU wufvkdufav\/
tdrfwGif;okdU a&mufaomtcg rif;uawmf rdrdav;ESifh wuG ,u©©r,fwkdUrSm xGufajy;MuNyDjzpfí rrdvkdufbJ &SdcJh&m
armifpH&Sm;rSm ¤if;udpöonf rNyD;ao;acs[k pdwfü atmufarhrdav\/ ,if;odkU atmufarhonfhtwkdif;vnf;
rSefuefaMumif;udk aemufxyfí od&Sd&av&m tcGifhBuHKBudKufonfhtcg qufvufí a&;om;azmfjyOD;rnf
jzpfygownf;/
NyD;ygNyD/
______
a&TOa'gif;
26/ aumfydka&;&Sif; OuúXaysmufrI pHkaxmufyHk

wpfaeUoü uRefawmfESifh pHkaxmufarmifpH&Sm;wkdUonf eef;pOfywååjrm; aysmufqHk;rIü pHkaxmufcJh&onfh taMumif;
rsm;udk jyefajymif;ajymqkdvsuf &SdMupOf w,fvDzkef;rS EId;pufusojzifh uRefawmfu oGm;a&mufem;axmifonfwGif
jrLeDpDyg,f aumfydka&;&Sif;tzGJUwGif vlBuD;wpfOD;tjzpfjzifh tygt0ifjzpfaom OD;uHawmfu armifpH&Sm;tm;
tvGefta&;BuD;aom udpöwpfckESifh wkdifyif&ef &Sdonfjzpfí tvsiftjref <ua&mufygrnfhtaMumif;ESifh ac:iifjcif;
jzpfaMumif; od&Sd&av\/ ¤if;taMumif;udk uRefawmfonf armifpH&Sm;tm; jyefajymaomtcg armifpH&Sm;u ,if;odkU
ta&;wBuD; ac:jcif;rSm trIapmf eHonfjzpfí uRefawmftm; tdrfrS xGufcGmroGm;ESifhbJ apmifhqkdif;ae&pf&ef
rSmxm;cJhNyD;vQif t0wfrsm; vJvS,fí xGufoGm;av\/
uRefawmfrSm ysif;&dvSonfESifh pmwpftkyfudk aumuf,lzwf½Ivsuf &Sd&m em&D0ufcefUrQ MumvQif armifpH&Sm;onf
jyefvmí
&S m;/ /]usKyfxifwJh twkdif;yJAsdKU? udkodef;armif ? vmAsm 0if'grD,mvrf;udk oGm;Mu&atmif}

uRefawmf/ /]bmrIvJAsm}
&S m;/ /]vmom vmygav? vrf;usawmh usKyfajymjyr,f}
uRefawmfwkdUonf um;ESifh xGufvmcJhMuav&m vrf;c&D;ü
&S m;/ /]onfvkdAs? raeUu jrLeDpDyg,f aumfydka&;&Sif;tzGJUtwGuf OuúX a&G;ygavaum}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfw,f? OD;omZH &w,fqkd r[kwfvm;}
&S m;/ /][kwfuJh? &awmh&w,f? raeUu OuúX&mxl;&w,f ? 'DaeU r&Sdbl;}
uRefawmf/ /]b,fa&mufovJAsm? ao&SmvkdUvm;}
&S m;/ /][m onfvluvJAsm? usKyfrSm trIaumif; &apcsifwkdif; vlwum aoapcsifaeNyDrSwfw,f? r[kwfygbl;As?
aysmufoGm;wmyg? raeUu OuúXvkyGJrSmvnf; rJqE´vufrSwfrsm;a&wGufvkdY OuúXjzpfaMumif; od&onfESifh
wpfNydKifeuf rl;NyD; vJoGm;owJh}
uRefawmf/ /]0rf;omvHk; qkdYoGm;wm xifyg&JUAsm}
&S m;/ /]awG;p&myJ? okdUaomf olESifh OuúX vkbufjzpfwJh [mZDr[mruf qkdwJh ukvm;BuD;u olUum;ESifh wifNyD;
tdrfa&mufatmif vkdufykdUvkduf&owJh? tdrfa&mufvkdU trl;ajyNyD; nrSm tdyf&mxJ cyfapmapm 0ifoGm;?
awmfawmfMumawmh tdyf&mxJu b,fa&mufoGm;w,f rqkdEkdifbl;wJh ? vHk;vHk; &SmrawGUbl;}
uRefawmf/ /(pdwfcyfysufysufESihf) ]onftrIavmufrsm;jzifhAsm? ykvdyfwkdifvkduf&if NyD;a&maygh? ykvdyfawGvJ
t&Smwwfom;uyJ}
&S m;/ /]usKyfuvJ OD;uHabmfudk onfvkdyJ ajymygw,f? EkdYayrJh OD;uHabmfu ykvdyfudk wkdifvkduf&if
tm;vHk;vlawGodNyD; tkwfatmfaomif;wif;ESifh &Sufp&mBuD; jzpfygvdrfhr,fwJh? tJ'gaMumifh usKyfudk wkd;wdk;wdwfwdwf
BudwfNyD; &Smay;apcsifygw,f wJh}
uRefawmf/ /]aMomf onfvkdvm;? 'gxuf 0if'grD,mvrf; qkdNyD; b,farmif;rvkdUvJ As}
&S m;/ /]aeOD;av? usKyfwkdUcsnf; rNyD;bl;? eHydef ygOD;rS jzpfr,f}
eHydef qkdonfrSm Munfhjrifwkdifurf;em;vrf;ü wHigonf ukvm;wpfa,muf arG;íxm;aom acG;orifBuD; jzpfav&m

armifpH&Sm;onf a&S;t&iftrIrsm;üvnf; ¤if;udk toHk;jyKcJhzl;avonf/
Munfhjrifwkdifurf;em;vrf;rS uRefawmfwkdUonf eHydefudk iSm;&rf; ,laqmifcJhNyD;vQif 0if'grD,mvrf; OD;omZH\

aetdrfokdU a&mufMuaomtcg OD;omZH\ZeD; a':jzL0if;onf uRefawmfwkdUtm; c&D;OD;BudK jyKNyD;aemuf
vma&mufonfh udpöudk od&onfh tcgü
0if;/ /]BudK;pm;prf;ygOD; OD;pH&Sm;&Sif ? b,fenf;ESifh b,fhES,f aysmufoGm;&w,fvkdU ajymyJ rajymwwfygbl;? wpfcgrS
onfvkd rjzpfzl;ygbl;&Sif}
&S m;/ /]jzpfyHkudk wpfqdwf odyg&ap tpfr cifAsm;}
0if;/ /]onfvkdyg&Sif ? raeUu [mZDBuD; vkdufydkYNyD; q&m0efac: ? q&m0efu ntdyf&m0ifrSm tdyfaysmfaq;
wkduf&pfyg vkdU ajymNyD; aq;wpfcGufay;oGm;? 8 em&DavmufrSm aq;wkdufNyD; tdyf&mxJ 0iftdyfyga&m&Sif? uRefr vJ
om;orD;wpfpkESifh vkyfudkifp&mav;awG vkyfudkifNyD;ae? 9 em&DcGJavmufusawmh r&Sdacsbl;&Sifh? wpfjcm;wpfyg;rsm;
oGm;avovm;vkdU tapcHawG t&Smckdif;? uRefrwkdU udk,fwkdif&Sm? b,frSmrS rawGUygbl;&Sif? ,ckxufwkdifyga&m}
&S m;/ /]OD;omZH tdyfwJh tdyf&mudk wqdwfavmuf Munfhyg&apcifAsm}
tdyfcef;wGif;okdU a&mufaomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf tdyf&mudk vSefavSmMunfh½IonfwGif acgif;tHk;atmufü

vufudkifyk0gwpfxnfudk awGUojzifh
&S m;/ /]onf[mu OD;omZHudkifwJh vufudkifyk0gyJvm; cifAsm}
0if;/ / (yk0gjzLudk udkifMunfhí) ]r[kwfbl; xifw,f&Sifh? OD;omZHu olUorD;rsm; csKyfay;wJh vufudkifyk0grS
udkifw,f? onf[m aps;xJu vufudkifyk0gESifhwlw,f}
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;onf vufudkifyk0gudk aumuf,lerf;½IwfNyD;aemuf uRefawmftm; vSrf;ay;&m uRefawmfonf

¤if;udk erf;íMunfhonfwGif ]]uvkd½kdazmif;}} ac: arhaq;apmf eHaMumif; od&Sd&av\/ ¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;vnf;
OD;omZH\ t0wftpm;rsm;ukd ppfaq;í Munfhap&m ouúvwftusÐwpfxnfomvQif aysmufaeí bGwfzdeyf ?
acgif;aygif; tp&Sdonfh tjcm;t0wftpm;wkdUrSm wpfxnfrQ ravsmhbJ aphiSpGm &SdaeaMumif; od&Sd&av\/
tdyfcef;rSm wkdufcHtdrf\ atmufxyfü&Sdí jywif;aygufrSm O,smOfzufodkU arQmfvsuf&Sd&m armifpH&Sm;onf
jywif;aygufudk zGifhí twefMumatmif arQmfMunfh&if; pOf;pm;NyD;aemuf
&S m;/ /]nwkef;u onfu jywif;ayguf yGifhaew,f r[kwfvm;}
0if;/ /][kwfygw,f? yGifhvsuf awGUygw,f&Sif}
&S m;/ /]udkif; OD;omZH&JU bGwfzdeyf wpf&Hay;prf;yg cifAsm}
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf OD;omZH\ bGwfzdeyfudk eHydeftm;jyNyD;vQif

]udkif; ighvl ? wwfEdkiforQ BuJprf;avuGm}
a&TOa'gif;
[k ajymav&m eHydefonf em;vnfonfhvu©PmESifh armifpH&Sm;\ rsufESmodkU armfíMunfhNyD;aemuf bGwfzdeyfudk

ESpfBudrfoHk;Budrf erf;NyD;rS wD;wkd;tljrnfvsuf jywif;aygufudk ckefwufrnf jyKav\/ xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;vnf;
vnfywfü wyfqifxm;aom oHBudK;udk udkifvsuf acG;tvkd&Sdwkdif; oGm;ap&m acG;onf jywif;aygufrS ckefxGufvQif
armifpH&Sm;vnf; acG;aemufrS vkdufojzifh uRefawmfvnf; aemufrS vkdufoGm;&av\/
eHydefonf O,smOfvrf;wpfavQmuf avQmufoGm;ojzihf armifpH&Sm;vnf; aemufrS vkduf&if; vrf;udk MunfhoGm;&m
tdrfaemuf 0if;wHcg;teD;okdU a&mufaomtcg acG;udk &yfwefUapNyD;aemuf pHy,f½Hk wpf½Hk\ atmufokdU oGm;í
MunfhNyD;vQif uRefawmfhtm; ac:í jyonfwGif vlESpfa,mufwkdU\ ajc&mESpfpHkudk awGUjrif&avonf/
&S m;/ /]vlESpfa,muf tdrfaemuf vmacsmif;NyD; onfae&mu xkdifapmifh? t&dyftuJudkMunfh? tdyfcef;xJ0if?
tdyfaysmfaewJh OD;omZHukd arhaq;ay;? jywif;aygufu ayGUxkwf? tdrfjyifa&mufawmh ESpfa,mufwGJNyD;,l? onfvkd
r[kwfaybl;vm;As}
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf eHydefudk oGm;apojzifh eHydefonf ESmacgif;udk ajrBuD;ESifhuyfí teHYcHvsuf 0if;aygufrS

xGufoGm;av\/
ay 100 cefUrQ oGm;rdMuaomtcg acG;onf xkdrS þrS vl;vmcyfNyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;\ rsufESmudk armfMunfhav&m
armifpH&Sm;onf ajrBuD;udk aocsmpGm MunfhonfwGif uwå&map;cif;NyD;jzpfaom vrf;ay:ü um;wpfpD; &yfxm;aom
bD;&mudkawGUav\/
&S m;/ /]aMomf 'Dusawmh um;ESifh wifoGm;a&mudk;? okdUaomf onfvrf;u toGm;tvm enf;yg;w,fAs? vrfu
jyifNyD;jzpfavawmh uwå&map;rSm bD;&m xifaeom;uyJ? vkdufMunfhMuOD;pkdUAsm}
¤if;um;\ aemufbD;rSm zmíxm;aom t&mwpfck yg&Sdonfjzpfí uRefawmfwkdUonf tvG,fwulESifh bD;aMumif;

wpfavQmuf vkdufMuav&m ayig;&m cefUrQ oGm;rdaomtcg bD;&m aysmufNyD;aemuf opfudkif;rsm;udk '&GwfqGJaom
t&muJhodkU xifvsuf&Sdonfudk awGUjrifMu&av\/
&S m;/ /]tvJh tm* vlawGyguvm;}

&S m;/ /]bD;&m rcHEkdifatmif opfudkif;udk '&GwfqGJNyD; zsufxm;w,fAs? aeOD; usKyfMunfhprf;OD;r,f}
[k ajymí vrf;eHab;&Sd opfyifrsm;udk Munfh½I&m wpfckaom o&ufyifBuD;rSm tudkif;wpfudkif; rMumrDu ckwfxpfí
zJh,loGm;aMumif; awGUjrif&av\/
uRefawmfwkdUonf ¤if;opfudkif;&m wpfavQmufudk qufvufívkdufMujyef&m wkduf*g;tvDvrf; (,ck OD;0dpm&vrf;)
okdU a&mufNyD;aemuf twefi,favQmufrdoumv ajc&maysmufí oGm;av\/ xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;onf
opfyifwpfyifudk rSDum aq;wHudk zGm&if; pOf;pm;NyD;aemuf
&S m;/ /]udkodef;armif? usKyf tBuHwpfrsdK; ay:vmjyefNyDAsm? OD;omZHudk b,fvkd &nf&G,fcsufESifh ckd;NyD;oGm;w,f qkdwm
NrdKUxJrSm usKyfoGm;NyD; pHkaxmufacsOD;r,f? cifAsm;u eHydefESifh cifAsm; ÓPf&Sdoavmuf pDrH&pfMuprf;Asm? tck
av;em&D xkd;oGm;NyD? nrwkdifrD jyefa&mufatmif usKyf jyefvmcJhr,f}
xkdtcg uRefawmfrSm wpfa,mufwnf; ae&pf&jcif;udk rsm;pGm rESpfoufaomfvnf; armifpH&Sm;\ trdefUudk

ry,f0Hhonfjzpfí acG;udk ,lxm;NyD;vQif wwftm;orQ BudK;pm;&pf&ef 0efcHvkduf&m armifpH&Sm;vnf; OD;omZH\
tdrfokdU jyefí um;ESifh NrdKUwGif;okdU jyefoGm;av\/
armifpH&Sm; jyefoGm;NyD;aemuf uRefawmfonf pOf;pm;qifjcifrdonfrSm tu,fí OD;omZHudk wifxm;aom um;onf
þae&mü wpftdrftdrfokdU csdK;0ifí oGm;&efrSm tdrfvnf; r&Sdacs/ ajc&mudk aysmufavmufatmif ÓPf&Sdaom
vlrsm;onf rdrdwkdU c&D;qHk;wkdifatmif opfudkif;&mBuD;udk xifaprnfr[kwf/ rdrdwkdU vkd&modkU oGm;NyD;vQif
vlwpfa,mufu opfudkif;udk ajcusifavQmufí '&GwfqGJ[ef vu©Pmwlonf[k atmufarhNyD;vQif vrf;eHab;&Sd
ajrmif;xJwGif ypfxm;aom opfudkifBuD;udk MunfhNyD;aemuf aemufokdU twefi,favQmufvmcJhjyefav\/
twefi,favQmufrdvQif bkdtdrfBuD;wpfaqmifudk awGU&Sd&m ¤if;tdrfBuD;rSm wjcm;aom tdrfrsm;ESifh reD;onfjzpfí
vlwpfa,mufudk 0Sufxm;&ef tvGefyif oifhavsmfavonf/ tvGefw&mvnf; wdwfqdwfonf[k atmufarhNyD;vQif
tdrf\ tajctaeudk Munfh½I&m 0if;wHcg;udk vHkNcHKpGm ydwfqkdUxm;vsuf 0if;rSm oHql;ygaom aMu;eef;BudK;wkdUjzifh
um&Hvsuf &Sdonfudk awGU&Sd&av\/ xkdtcg uRefawmfonf 0if;twGif;okdU vQdKU0SufpGm 0ifa&mufMunfh½Ivkdaom
pdwfjzpfay:vmcJh&m tu,fí eHydefudk ac:oGm;ygrl ta&;&Sdu ajy;vTm;&ef cufcJrnfjzpfaomaMumifh acsmharmhí
vrf;eHab;ü xm;cJhNyD;aemuf uRefawmfonf aMu;eef;BudK;udk iHkUvQdK;í 0if;twGif;okdY 0ifav\/
tdrfBuD;rSm vlolaexkdifjcif; r&SdbduJhokdU wdwfqdwfpGm &Sdae&m uRefawmfonf tdrfudk vSnfhywfum MunfhNyD;aemuf
tdrfaemufü wJi,fwpfckudk jrifonfESifh csOf;uyfav\/ wJESifh reD;ra0;okdY a&mufaomtcg tvGefw&m
t½kyfqkd;vSaom opfom;½kyfBuD;ESpf½kyfudk awGU&Sdav&m wpf½kyfrSm &SpfaycefU&Sdí wpf½kyfrSm vl\ t&yfrQom
&Sdav\/ xkdtcguRefawmfrSm rnfonfht&yfu ,laqmifvmcJhaom opfom;½kyfBuD;rsm; jzpfaMumif;udkvnf;
pOf;pm;&if; ¤if;wkdUudk ausmfvGefí wJ&Sd&mokdU oGm;rnfjyKvkyfonfwGif i,faomt½kyfonf uRefawmf\ teD;okdU
wpfckefwnf;jzifha&mufvmí uRefawmfrSm thHtm;oifhvsuf ckcHzkdUudkrQ pdwfrul;EkdifrD vuf0JbufvufoD;onf
uRefawmf\eHab;okdU tGwfceJjrnfatmif xkd;vkdufí vufsmbufvufoD;onf uRefawmf\ yg;csdwfudk aumfí
owfvkduf&m uRefawmfrSm rD;yGJrsm; tBuD;tus,f jrifvkduf&NyD;aemuf vlrSef;rod jzpfoGm;&av\/
owd&vmojzifh rsufpdudk zGifhí Munfhvkdufaomtcg ntcsdefjzpfaeaMumif; od&Sd&í wJi,fwpfcktwGif;
rD;tdrfwpfckonf pm;yGJi,fwpfckay:ü xGef;vsuf&Sd&m uRefawmfrSmrl BudK;ckwifwpfckay:ü BudK;rsm;ESifh wkwfaESmif
xm;aMumif; awGU&Sd&av\/ twefi,f pOf;pm;NyD;aemuf uRefawmfonf tusdK;taMumif;udk odojzifh acsmif;[efU
vkduf&m ukvm;wpfa,mufonf wJwGif;okdU 0ifvmí
vm;/ /][a&; q&mBuD; owd&NyD;vm;? tcefYoifhyJ? um;vJ a&mufvmNyD? ukdif; xayawmh}

uRefawmf/ /]b,fudk oGm;&rSmvJ}
vm;/ /]a&mufawmh odvdrfhr,f? vrf;rSm atmfvm;[pfvm; rvkyfESifhaemf? &if0udk a[m'D"m;ESihf pkdufvkdufr,f?
em;vnfvm;}
a&TOa'gif;
¤if;aemuf ukvm;onf uRefawmf\ vufjyefBudK;rsm;udk NrJcdkifonfxuf NrJcdkifatmif csKyfaESmifNyD;vQif wJjyifodkU

ac: oGm;í &yfvsuf &Sdaom armfawmfum;ay:odkU wufapav\/ um;ay: okdY a&mufvQif xkdolonf uRefawmfESifh
,SOfum xkdifvsuf um;udk armif;ESif&ef trdefYay;av\/ vrf;c&D;ü uRefawmfrSm vGwfajrmuf&efenf;vrf;udk
pOf;pm;ygaomfvnf; um;rSm tm;vHk;ukef tvHkydwfíxm;onfhjyif uefYvefYumrsm; csxm;onfjzpfaomaMumifh
rnfonfhvrf;u armif;ESifonfudkrQ rod&bJ &SdaecJhav\/
em&D0ufcefUrQ armif;ESifrdaomtcg um;onf &yfwefUav&m ukvm;onf uRefawmf\ cHwGif;okdY vufudkifyk0g
wpfxnfudk ratmf[pfEkdifatmif qkdY&if;
],D;wm;,m;wm; rvkyfESifhaemf? aumif;aumif; vkdufyg? aumif;aumif;vkduf&if bmrS rjzpfbl;? aumif;aumif;
rvdkuf&if xkd;vkdufr,f? jrif&JUvm;}
[k Ncdrf;ajcmufí "m;ajr§mifudk jyav\/
um;ay:rS qif;rdMuvQif uRefawmfwkdUonf Munfhjrifwkdif aAmwHwm;okdU a&mufaeMuaMumif; od&Sd&av&m

wHwm;üum; armfawmfbkwfBuD;wpfpif; qkdufuyfvsuf &Sdonfudk awGUjrif&av\/ ukvm;vnf; uRefawmf\
vufjyefBudK;udk ukdifvsuf wHwm;udk avQmufapNyD;vQif armfawmfbkwfay: okdU wufap&m uRefawmfrSm ckcHjcif;\
tusdK;aus;Zl;udk awG;í rjrifojzifh qdwfjidrfpGm vkdufvmcJh&av\/
armfawmfbkwfay: okdU a&mufaomtcg uRefawmftm; taESmiftzGJUwkdUukd rajzbJ tcef;i,fwpfck wGif;okdU
oGwfoGif;NyD;aemuf wHcg;udk rif;wkef;cscJhNyD;vQif armfawmfbkwfvnf; pufEdI;í xGufoGm;av\/
uRefawmfonf a&S;,ciftcgrsm;u armifpH&Sm;\ 0w¬Krsm;udk a&;om;pOftcgu uRefawmfudk,fwkdif tpOftNrJ
yg&Sdonfjzpfí 'dXrsufjrifuJhodkU a&;om;&onfjzpf&m ,cktrIürl armifpH&Sm;ESifh uGJuGmí aeav&um; armifpH&Sm;
pDrHaqmif&GufyHkrsm;ukd rsufjrifr[kwfbJ armifpH&Sm;u jyefajymif;ajymjyonfhtwkdif; jyifa&;ay;&acsawmhrnf/
okdU&mwGif 0w¬KoGm;tpDtpOf rysufaprlí tjzpftysufrsm;udk armifpH&Sm;ESifh jyefvnf awGUqHkonfhtcgwkdifatmif
rapmifhqkdif;bJ jzpfpOftwkdif;omvQif uRefawmfjrif&bdouJhokdY a&;om;ay;tHh/
armifpH&Sm;onf uRefawmfESifh cGJcGmNyD;aemuf jrLeDpDyg,fvlBuD;jzpfaom OD;uHabmf\ aetdrfokdU vQifjrefpGm armif;ESif

oGm;av\/ OD;uHabmfESifh tcefYoifhyif awGUqHkavvQif tusdK;taMumif; tusOf;csKyf ajymjyNyD;aemuf
&S m;/ /]aeygOD;cifAsm? onftrI[m omrn vlqkd;rsm; vufcsufu,fvkdU uRefawmf rxifbl;? tu,fí OD;omZH
jyefrvmcJhvkdY&Sd&if b,folUrSm tusdK; cHpm;&rvJ? OD; rawG;Ekdifbl;vm;}
abmf / /]obufcg aeUvnf 12 em&D wdwdrSm bk&ifcHudk,fwkdif jrLeDpDyg,f taqmuftOD;udk vmNyD; OD;omZHudk
OuúXtjzpfodkU tcrf;tem;ESifh wifajr§mufygvdrfhr,f? onftcgrSm OD;omZHra&mufcJhvkdU &Sd&if *GusawmhrSmyJ}
&S m;/ /]ol ra&muf&if b,folUudk ajr§mufrvJ}
abmf / /]t&ifuvJ wpfcgrS onfvkdrjzpfzl;awmh rajymwwfbl;? okdUaomf usKyftxifawmh olESifh ,SOfNydKifNyD; vkwJh
[mZDr[mrufudk ajr§muf&vdrfhr,f xifw,f}
&S m;/ /]'gjzifh [mZDr[mrufrSm tusdK; &SdrSmaygh}
abmf / /]onftvkyfrsdK;[m *kPfxl;aqmif oufoufuvm; cifAsm? [mZDBuD;wkdUvkd "eaiGaMu; cdkifvHkwJh yk*d¾KvfBuD;
wpfOD;udkawmh rpGyfpGJ0Hhygbl; cifAsm? b,fenf;ESifhrS r[kwfEkdifygbl;}
&S m;/ /][mZDBuD;u bmtvkyfvkyfovJ}

abmf / /]&Sef[Ju ydk;xnfawG wifNyD; jrefrmjynfrSm vufum; a&mif;ygw,f cifAsm}
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf [mZDr[mruf\ tdrfeHygwfESifh vrf;udk ar;jref;NyD;vQif ¤if;&Sd&m ukefaps;wef;okdU

armif;ESifav\/ tvkyfwkdufwGif [mZDBuD; &Sdao;&m {nfhonfwpfa,mufESifh pum;ajymaeckdufjzpfí ¤if;\
tcef;twGif;okdY 0ifcGifhr&ao;rD armifpH&Sm;onf wkdufpma&;BuD;ESifh pum;ajymqkdvsuf &Sdav\/
&S m;/ /]ta&mif;t0,frsm; aumif;ygp cifAsm}
pma&;/ /]cyfyg;yg;ygyJ qyf}
&S m;/ /]onfwkdufrSm pma&;BuD; vkyfwm b,favmufMumNyDvJ}
pma&;/ /]MumvSNyDaum cifAsm? tck&SdwJh [mZDBuD;wkdU taz [mZDarmfpawmfzm; vufxufuwnf;u vkyfvmcJh
wmyJ? 'gxuf OD;omZH awGUNyDvm; cifAsm? OD;pH&Sm;yJ pHkaxmufaew,fqkd}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm; b,fu Mum;ovJ}
pma&;/ /]aeUvnfu yGJpm;BuD; OD;uHabmfqDu vlwpfa,muf vmvkdU Mum;ygw,f? onfwpfcg uRefawmfwkdU
[mZDBuD;udk ckd'g&Sifu r awmfrrlbl;cifAsm? EkdUrkdU&if aiGwpfodef;awmif &&SmrSm}
&S m;/ /]b,fhES,f aiGwpfodef;vJ}
pma&;/ /][mZDarmfpawmfzm;u aowrf;pm a&;apcJhw,f cifAs? &SdorQ ypönf;awGudk om;orD;awG cGJa0NyD;wJhaemuf
aiGwpfodef;wdwd bPfwkdufrSm xm;&r,f? ¤if;aiG olUom;pOfajr;qufxJu b,folrqkd toufav;q,frausmfrD
jrLeDpDyg,f OuúXjzpfwJhvl ... }
][mZDBuD;u <uygwJh cifAsm}

[k oli,fwpfa,muf vma&mufac: onfwGif armifpH&Sm;onf [mZDBuD;\ tcef;wGif; vkdufoGm;av\/
[mZDBuD;vnf; ysLiSmaom trlt&mESifh armifpH&Sm;tm; ae&mxkdifcif; ay;NyD;vQif
ZD/ /]b,fhES,fvJ OD;pH&Sm; cifAsm? udpö acsmarmygp}

&S m;/ /]racsmarmatmif &Sdaeygao;cifAsm? 'gxuf [mZDBuD;wkdUawmh OD;omZHESifh rdwf&if;aqG&if;jzpfwJhtwGuf
OD;omZHudk ysufvkdysufpD; BuHpnfrJh vlrsm;&Sd&if odrSmaygh}
ZD/ /]&Sdrxifygbl; cifAsm? OD;omZHu tifrwef vlcspfvlcif aygrsm;wJh vlwpfa,mufuyJ? aMomf okdUaomf aeOD;AsdKU?
vGefcJhwJh oHk;ESpfavmufwkef;u OD;omZHu rdwfaqGwpfa,mufESifh NrdKUxJ vrf;avQmufoGm;wkef; za&Zmvrf;u
qkdifwpfqkdifudk olcdk;rsm; azmufxGif;NyD; 0ifaewmudk uHtm;avsmfpGm jrifavawmh ykvdyfudk ac:NyD; jyvkduf&mrSm
olckd; oHk;a,mufu odoGm;w,f? ¤if;trIudk OD;omZHu ½Hk;rSm oufaovkdufpOfu w&m;cHwpfa,mufu
axmif'PfoHk;ESpfqD pD&ifcsufcsonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf OD;omZHudk Budrf;0g;NyD;oGm;owJh? onftaumifu
ykvdyfrsm;udkawmh &efñdI;rzGJU? OD;omZHudkawmh pyfMum;0if½Iyfw,fqkdNyD; &efñdI;xm;oGm;owJh? Mum;vkduf&zl;w,f}
&S m;/ /]w&m;cH emrnf b,folwJhvJ rSwfrdao;vm;}
ZD/ /]omOD; qkdxifyg&JUcifAsm? axmif'Pf oHk;ESpfqkdawmh tckaetcgrSm onftaumif vGwfavmufNyD xifw,f}
a&TOa'gif;
xkdcPü [mZDBuD;\ pma&;wpfa,mufonf aMu;eef;wpfapmifudk udkifvsuf tcef;wGif;odkY 0ifvmNyD;vQif

aMu;eef;udk [mZDBuD;tm; ay;av&m [mZDBuD;onf tcGifhawmif;í aMu;eef;udk zwfav\/ armifpH&Sm;vnf;
[mZDBuD;\ rsufESmxm;udk tuJcwfvsuf &Sd&m aMu;eef;udk zwfrdonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf rsufESmrsm; ñdkrJí
oGm;onfudk awGUjrifvkduf&av\/ ¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf OD;omZHudk jyefíawGUatmif wwftm;orQ
BudK;pm;ygrnf[k wm0efcHNyD;vQif [mZDBuD;udk EIwfqufí xGufvmcJhav\/
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf rdrd\rdwfaqG 0wfvHkawmf& OD;ausmfjrifhxHokdY um;ESifh armif;ESifoGm;NyD;vQif
ta&;BuD;aom aowrf;pm wpfckudk Munfhvkdí rnfonfh½Hk;okdU oGm;a&mufawmif;cH Munfh½I&rnfudk ar;jref;
pHkprf;&m 0wfvHkawmf& OD;ausmfjrifhu OD;pH&Sm;udk,fwkdif oGm;onfxuf rdrdpma&;udk vTwfvkdufí Munfh½Iul;,lapu
omívsifjrefrnfjzpfaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdav\/ xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;u [mZDarmfpawmfzm;qkdol aowrf;pmudk
ul;,lapcJhvkdaMumif; ajymjyonfwGif OD;ausmfjrifhvnf; rdrd\ pma&;wpfa,mufudk apvTwfvkdufav\/
pma&;xGufoGm;vQif armifpH&Sm;onf w,fvDzkef;udk ,lí OD;uHabmfESifh qufoG,fapNyD;vQif

&S m;/ /]onfrav OD;uHabmf? uRefawmf armifpH&Sm;av? uRefawmf odcsifwm wpfck&SdvkdUyJ? onfrSm?
[mZDr[mruf[m toufb,favmuf &SdNyDvJ}
abmf / /]trSefawmh rajymEkdifbl;As? uRefawmfhtxifawmh av;q,feD;eD;avmuf &SdNyD xifw,f? bmaMumifhvJ}
&S m;/ /]uRefawmf odcsifvkdUyg cifAsm? [kwfuJh 'gygyJ}
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf tpkd;&pHkaxmuf tifpydwfawmf armiftkef;azESifh qufoG,fjyefNyD;vQif

&S m;/ /]ukdtkef;azvm;AsdKU}
az/ /][kwfygw,f? q&mvm;}
&S m;/ /]onfrSm udktkef;az? omOD; qkdwJh w&m;cH wpfa,muf[m vGefcJhwJh oHk;ESpfavmufu tdrfazmufrIESifh
axmifusoGm;w,f? onftaumif vGwfNyDvm;}
az/ /]za&Zmvrf;rSm wkdufudk azmufwJh taumif[mvm;? vGwfwm wpfvavmuf &SdNyDaum q&m? vGwfayr,fh
aumif;aumif; tjyifrSm raevkduf&&Smygbl;? vk,ufrIESifh tcsKyfrSm usaejyefNyDaum}
&S m;/ /]b,fawmhuvJ}
az/ /]vGefcJhwJh aomMumaeUuyJ q&m ? ig;&ufavmuf &SdoGm;NyD}
&S m;/ /]aumif;ygNyDAsm? 'gygyJ}
xkdUaemuf armifpH&Sm;onf OD;ausmfjrifhESifh pum;ajymqkdvsuf&Sd&m em&Dwpf0ufcefUrQ MumvQif pma&;onf jyefvmí

armfpawmfzm;\ aowrf;pmudk ul;,lcJhaom pm&Gufudk ay;urf;av\/ ¤if;aowrf;pmteuf ta&;BuD;aom
tcsufrSm atmufygtwkdif; jzpfavonf/
]]¤if;tjyif befa*:bPfwkdufü tyfESHíxm;aom aiGwpfodef ;udk uREfkyf\ tEG,f tquf teuf rS yxrOD ;pGm
touf av;q,frausmf vGefrD &efu k efNrdKU jrLeDpD yg,f OuúX&mxl ;ü cef Uxm;jcif; cH&aom oltm; twkd ;a&m
t&if ;yg ay;tyfap&rnf/}}
¤if;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf OD;ausmfjrifhtm; aus;Zl;wifaMumif; ajymMum;EIwfqufí um;ESifh xGufvmcJhNyD;vQif

r*dkvrf; (,ck a&TbHkomvrf;) rS yvmwmrsm;udk 0,f,lcJhí vrf;üwjznf;jznf; pm;aomuf&if; uRefawmfhtm;
xm;cJh&m wkduf*g;tvDvrf;okdU armif;ESifvmcJhav\/
uRefawmfwkdUudk xm;cJhaom ae&mokdU a&mufvQif armifpH&Sm;onf um;ukd vrf;eHab;ü &yfxm;cJhNyD;vQif
ajcvsifavQmufí uRefawmfwkdUukd &SmazG&m acG;a&m vlyg &SmrawGUatmif &SdcJhav\/ ¤if;aemuf c&D;pOftwkdif;
avQmufvmcJhí r'Dem trnf&Sdaom tdrfBuD;udkawGUavvQif xkdtcsdefrSm 8 em&DausmfNyDjzpfaomfvnf; tdrfBuD;rSm
"mwfrD;rsm; xGef;ñSdjcif; r&SdbJ arSmifESifhrJrJ &Sdvsuf wdwfqdwfpGm &Sdaeonfudk awGUjrif&av\/
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;onf tdrf0if;twGif;okdU 0ifí pHkprf;OD;rnf[k aMu;eef;BudK;atmuf iHkUvQdK;í 0ifvmcJhNyD;vQif
arSmif&dyfudkcdkvsuf awmifajrmufav;yg;udk ½Iajrmfvsuf &SdpOf um;wpfpD;onf qkdufa&mufí vmNyD;vQif um;ay:rS
[mZDr[mruf qif;vmí tdrfwGif;okdU 0ifoGm;onfudk jrifvkduf&av\/ xkdtcgrS "mwfrD;rsm;udk zGifhí wpftdrfvHk;
xdefxdefvif;vsuf &Sdav\/ xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;onf opfyifBuD;rsm;\ t&dyfatmufrS ckdí tdrfaemufab;ü&Sdaom
tapcHwJteD;okdU oGm;NyD;vQif acsmif;ajrmif;Munfh½Ivsuf &Sd&m armfawmfum; armif;orm;onf um;udk wJwGif;okdU
oGif;NyD;aemuf wpfa,mufaom tapcHESifh pum;ajymqkdvsuf &SdMuonfudk armifpH&Sm; Mum;&av\/
tapcH/ /]b,fhES,fvJa[h [mrpf? onfuaeUn um;odrf;NyDvm;}

rpf/ /]rajymwwfao;bl;uG,fh? [mZDBuD;u oGm;csif&if csufcsif; xGufoGm;wm? pdwfrcs&ao;bl;}
tapcH/ /]rif;tvkyfuawmh at;yg&JUav? igwkdUom tvkyf½Iyfwmyg}
rpf/ /]tvkyf½Iyfwmudk aus;Zl;wifOD; bkdif? awmfMum&if tvkyfr&SdbJ jzpfaerSmawmif pdk;&ao;w,f}
tapcH/ /]bmaMumifhvJuG,f}
rpf/ /][mZDBuD;u w,f[efr&bl;? tifaqmfvref vkyfyHkay:aeNyD? &Sef[JNrdKUrSm zJxnfawG 0,fxm;wm
w½kwfppfom;awGu rD;½IdUypfvkdufvkdU tukefqHk;ukefNyDwJh ? onfuaeU aMu;eef;&w,fvkdU usKyfMum;cJh&w,f}
tapcH/ /]ckd'gt&Sif oabmawmftwkdif;ayghuG,f? wwfEkdifygbl;}
¤if;aemuf tapcHwkdUESpfa,muf cGJcGmíoGm;Muav&m armifpH&Sm;rSm rdrd&SdpOfu a&mufvmaom aMu;eef;rSm

¤if;aMu;eef;yifwnf;[k awG;awmrdav\/ [mZDr[mrufrSm pD;yGm;ysufaomaMumifh aiGudk tvGefvkdcsif\/ aiG&rS
omvQif rdrd\ tajctaeudk q,fEkdifavmuf\/ okdUjzpfí aowrf;pmwGif yg&Sdaom aiGwpfodef;udk &zkdU&ef
BuHpnf\/ BuHpnfonfhtwkdif; OuúX&mxl;udk vkaomfvnf; txrajrmufcJhacs/ okdU&mwGif wpfenf;ESifh r&u
wpfenf;ESifh&atmif BuHpnfaMumif;um; pifppftm;jzifh xif&Sm;\/ okdUaomfvnf; ¤if;xifjrifcsufonf w&m;r0if
awG;awmxifjrifjcif;rQom jzpfonf/ okdUjzpfíigonf a&S;OD;pGm OD;omZHudk awGUatmif &SmazGtHh[k atmufarhvsuf
armifpH&Sm;onf tdrf\tajctaeudk wapmif;rS acsmif;ajrmif;Munfh½Iaejyefav\/
em&Dwpf0ufcefUrQ Mumaomtcg armfawmfqkdifu,fwpfpD;\ toHukd ta0;rS Mum;&NyD;aemuf tdrfESifhreD;ra0;wGif
&yfxm;cJhNyD;rS vlwpfa,mufonf tdrfaemufrS vQdKU0SufpGm 0ifvmí avcRefvkdufonfudk armifpH&Sm;u arSmif&dyfrS
a&TOa'gif;
awGUjrif&av\/ twefi,fMumaomtcg vlwpfa,mufonf tdrfwGif;rS xGufvmNyD;vQif xkdolESifh awGUqHk&m

xGufvmaomolrSm r[mrufyif jzpfavonf/ armifpH&Sm;rSm ¤if;wkdUESifh q,faycefUrQom a0;uGmonfjzpfí
¤if;wkdUajympum;rsm;udk Mum;&av&m
ruf/ /]udpö NyD;cJhNyDvm;a[h}

vl/ /]NyD;NyD qyf}
ruf/ /]wpfa,muf wpfcef;pD xm;cJh&JUvm;}
vl/ /]xm;w,f qyf}
xkdUaemufürlum; r[mrufonf xkdoltm; wD;wkd;rQomvQif ajymqkdckdif;apawmhonfjzpfí armifpH&Sm;onf

xyfavmif;í wpfcGef;rQ rMum;&awmhacs/ okdU&mwGif Mum;&orQESifh pOf;pm;csuf xkwfonfrSm uRefawmfyg
vufwGif;okdU usa&mufoGm;NyDjzpfí OD;omZHESifh twl xm;oavm? wpfa,mufpD wpfcef;pDcGJí xm;oavm[k
ar;jref;jcif; jzpfwef&monf/ xkdolonf OD;omZHwkdU&Sd&m t&yfrS vm[efwlonf/ ¤if;\ aemufrS vkduf&aomf
¤if;wkdU &Sd&m t&yfodkU qkdufa&muftHh[k tBuHjzpfav\/
,if;okdU BuHrdonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf armifpH&Sm;onf rdrd\ um;udk oGm;í,lzkdU tcsdef&Edkifap&ef armfawmfpufbD;udk
azmufíxm;cJhtHh[k wdwfwqdwf 0if;jyifodkU xGufvmcJhav\/ pufbD;udk axmifxm;&m t&yfodkU a&mufaomtcg
armifpH&Sm;onf ql;wpfacsmif;ukd &Smí pufbD;wkdif,mudk xkd;azmufNyD;vQif rdrd\um; &Sd&mokdU avQmufvmcJhav\/
um;okdU a&mufaomtcg tay: okdU wufí pufEId;rnf jyKonfwGif um;onf wpfbufrS edrfhvsuf &Sdonfudk
awGU&Sd&av\/
xkdtaMumif;udk pHkprf;onfhtcg armifpH&Sm;\ um;rSmvnf; a&SUbD;wpfzufaygufí avr&Sdawmhonfh taMumif;udk
od&Sd&av\/ um;\ aemufbD;ü bD;tydkwpfck yg&Sdaomfvnf; bD;ESpfck vJvS,f&jcif;rSm armfawmfqkdifu,f
ql;aygufudk zm&onfxuf tcsdefMumOD;rnfjzpfí armifpH&Sm;rSm qkdifu,f\aemuf vkdufEkdifawmhrnfr[kwf[k
pdwfysufysufESifh aygufaombD;udk cRwfvsuf&SdpOf vlwpfa,mufonf armfawmfqkdifu,fudk wGef;í rdrd&Sd&mvrf;odkU
avQmufvmonfukd jrifonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf rdrdvdkufvkdaom oljzpfaMumif; od&Sd&av\/
xkdolrSm aZ'Am&D ukvm;vlrsdK;wpfa,muf jzpfav&m armifpH&Sm;u tb,faMumifh qkdifu,fudk wGef;í
vmygoenf;[k ar;jref;NyD;vQif rdrdü uRwfzmax;&ef u&d,mwefqm tpHktvif yg&SdaMumif;? rdrdtm; ulnDvQif
rdrduvnf; ulnDí zmax;ay;rnfjzpfaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdonfwGif xkdolvnf; 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om
oabmwlnDav\/
¤if;aemuf wpfa,muftm; wpfa,muf ulnDvsuf em&D0ufcefUtwGif;wGif ESpfa,mufpvHk; jyifqifNyD;pD;Muav&m
armfawmfqkdifu,form;onf EIwfqufí pD;oGm;vQif armifpH&Sm;vnf; rvSrf;rurf;rS vkdufav\/ xkdolonf
vsifjrefpGm pD;vQif armifpH&Sm;uvnf; vsifjrefpGm vkdufí aES;aES; pD;aomtcgüvnf; aES;aES;yif armif;ESifav\/
wpfae&mokdU a&mufaomtcg xkdolonf &yfwefUí apmifhNyD;vQif rouFmaom vu©PmESihf armifpH&Sm;tm;
tb,fokdU oGm;rnfenf;[k ar;jref;&m tysif;ajy um;armif;aeonf[k jyefajymojzifh xkdolvnf; qufvufí
pD;oGm;jyefav\/
Am;u&mvrf;ESifh &Srf;vrf;tqHk;okdU a&mufaomtcg xkdolonf Am;u&m vrf;wpfavQmuf pD;oGm;av&m
armifpH&Sm;onf rdrdtm; rouFmonfhtjzpfudk &dyfrdí &Srf;vrf;bufokdU csdK;cJhav\/ okdU&mwGif xkdol uG,foGm;
onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf um;ukd vSnfhNyD;vQif qkdifu,faemufrS vkdufjyefav\/ ,if;okdU tpOftwkdif; vkdufvmcJh&m
tvHk&yfokdU a&mufaomtcg xkdolonf urf;em;vrf;bufokdU csdK;0ifoGm;NyD;vQif tdrfwpftdrfokdU 0ifoGm;av\/

armifpH&Sm;vnf; um;ukd vGefí armif;oGm;NyD;aemuf vrf;eHab;ü &yfxm;cJhí ajcvsif jyefvmNyD;vQif tajctaeudk
wapmif;rS Munfhaeav\/
wpfcPrQMumaomtcg xkdolonf tdrfjyifokdU xGufvmNyD;vQif a&qdyfokdU qif;oGm;í orÁefwpfpif;ay: okdU
wufoGm;av&m armifpH&Sm;rSm teD;tem;ü tjcm;orÁef r&Sdojzifh urf;rS omvQif arQmfMunfh&pfae&pf&av\/
a&v,füum; rD;a&mifuav; wpfvufvuf &Sdae&m twefi,fMumvwfaomf armfawmfbkwf pufckwfoHukd
Mum;&NyD;aemuf orÁefrSmrl xkdolrygbJ orÁefcsnf;omvQif jyefvmcJhonfudk awGU&av\/ ¤if;aemuf
armifpH&Sm;vnf; um;okdU jyefoGm;í NrdKUwGif;okdU armif;ESifav\/
______
uRefawmfrSm armfawmfbkwfay:&Sd tcef;wGif;ü wkwfaESmifjcif;udk cHae&mrS vGwfajrmufzkdU ta&;udk trsdK;rsdK;

tBuHxkwfvsuf&SdpOf tcef;\ tjcm;bufrS nnf;nLoHukd Mum;&ojzifh rnfolavenf;[k pHkprf;vkdojzifh
x&HudkjcpfvkdufonfwGif nnf;nLoHvnf; &yfpJav\/ ¤if;aemuf avoHjzifh
uRefawmf/ /][kdbufu b,folvJ? wkd;wkd; jyefajymprf;yg}

xkdol/ /]OD;omZHyJ ? cifAsm; b,folvJ}
uRefawmf/ /]uRefawmfvnf; onfvkdxifvkdU ar;wmygyJ? uRefawmfu pHkaxmufBuD; OD;pH&Sm;&JU rdwfaqG
armifodef;armif ygwJh? OD;udk awGUatmif OD;pH&Sm;ESifh ESpfa,muf pHkaxmufMuwkef;rSm rdoGm;yga&m cifAsm?
uRefawmfwkdUukd b,folu zrf;xm;wmvJ? OD; od&JUvm;}
ZH/ /]rodaygifAsm}
uRefawmf/ /]odwm rodwm tyxm; ? olwkdU vufu vGwfatmif uRefawmf BuHr,f}
xkdcPü uRefawmf\ tcef;wGif;okdU aZ'Am&D ukvm;wpfa,mufonf hpm;p&mrsm;udk ,lvmí teD;ü csxm;av\/

uRefawmf\ vufESpfzufudkvnf;aumif;? ajcESpfzufudkvnf;aumif; wkwfaESmifí xm;&m xkdolonf uRefawmfhtm;
pm;aomufEkdifatmif xlrí ay;NyD;aemuf pm;p&mygaom vifAef;udk uRefawmf\ aygifay: okdU wifay;NyD;vQif
tjyifokdU xGufoGm;av\/ pm;p&mrsm;rSm aygifrkefUwpfvHk;? Muufom;[if;ESifh a&wpfcGuf jzpfavonf/
xkdol xGufoGm;onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf uRefawmfonf zefcGufukd yg;pyfESihf udkufNyD;vQif Murf;ay: okdU csvkduf&m
cRrfceJ jrnfí uGJoGm;ojzifh xkdolvnf; jyefí 0ifvmav\/ xkdtcg uRefawmfu rawmfwq ckdufrdí
zefcGufuGJoGm;aMumif; ajym&mwGif xkdolonf a&wpfzefcGufESifh wHjrufpnf;wpfacsmif;udk oGm;í ,lcJhav\/
xkdtawmtwGif; uRefawmfonf zefcGufuGJ wpfckudk zGufxm;NyD;jzpfav\/
xkdol xGufoGm;onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf uRefawmfonf pm;aomufjcif;jzifh tcsdefrukefvGefapbJ zefcGufuGJwpfpudk
ajcMum;ü ñSyfNyD;vQif vufü csnfxm;aom BudK;udk yGwfwkdufí jzwfav\/ xkdokdU jyKjcif;tm;jzifh uRefawmf\
vufrsm;udk rawmfwq xdckdufrdí aoG;&J&J xGufaomfvnf; uRefawmfonf emusifjcif;udk yrmPrjyKbJ
yGwfwkdufav&m rMumrDtwGif; vufrsm;onf taESmiftzGJUrS vGwfav\/ ¤if;aemuf zefuGJudk vufjzifh udkifí ajcrS
BudK;rsm;udk jzwfawmuf&efrSm tcsdefrsm;pGm rMumawmhacs/
a&TOa'gif;
tvsOf;vGwfuif;onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf uRefawmfonf ajcrS oHcGm bGwfzdeyfudk cRwfxm;NyD;vQif w½kwfuyftMum;rS

OD;omZHxH zefuGJpudk ypfcsay;í uRefawmfuJhokdU jyKvkyf&ef rSmxm;av\/ twefi,fMumaomtcg wHcg;onf
yGifhítvmwGif uRefawmfonf wHcg;Mum;rS apmifhaeí 0ifvmol ukvm;\ OD;acgif;udk oHcGmbGwfzdeyfESifh
tm;ukefvTJí ckwfvkduf&m ukvm;onf *Rrf;pkdufí usoGm;av\/ ukvm;onf owdarhavsmhrl;a0aeojzifh
Murf;ay:ü rvIyfr&Sm; &Sdaeonf/ uRefawmfonf em;pGifhaxmifae&m rnfolrQ vmoHrMum;ojzihf ukvm;\
cg;Mum;rS "m;ajr§mifudk EIwf,lNyD;vQif tjyifokdU xGufNyD;aemuf OD;omZH\ tcef;okdU ul;av\/
OD;omZHrSm zefuGJjzifh BudK;pm;í jzwfawmufygaomfvnf; BudK;rsm;rSm rjywfao;bJ &Sdae&m uRefawmfonf
"m;ajr§mifESifh vSD;jzwf&mrS OD;omZHvnf; taESmiftzGJUrS vGwfav\/ tcef;jyifodkU ESpfa,mufom; xGufvm
MuNyD;vQif armfawmfbkwfyJhü orÁefuav; csdwfxm;onfudk jrifonfESifh vsifjrefpGm oGm;a&mufckefqif;í BudK;udk
jzwfrnfjyKonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf tcef;wGif;rS ukvm;onf owd&vmí toHukef[pfatmfav\/ xkdcPü
ukvm;ESpfa,mufwkdUonf uRefawmfwkdU &Sd&mokdU ajy;vmí orÁefBudK;ukd qGJxm;av\/ uRefawmfonf "m;ajr§mifESifh
BudK;udk jzwfqJwGif wpfa,mufaom ukvm;onf av;vHaomt&m0w¬K wpfckESifh uRefawmfhtm; ypfvkduf&m
OD;acgif;udk xdrSefojzifh xkd;í vJusoGm;av\/
armifpH&Sm;onf tvHk&yfuGuf a&qdyfrS armfawmfum;ESifh NrdKUwGif;okdU jyefoGm;NyD;aemuf pHkaxmuf tifpydwfawmf

t&m&Sd armiftkef;azudk ac:NyD;vQif tusdK;taMumif;udk twkdcsKyf ajymjyí a&0ef\ aetdrfokdU armif;ESif
oGm;Muav\/ ¤if;t&m&SdESifhawGUqHkaomtcg a&0efonf armifpH&Sm;udk odonfjzpfí ta&;rBuD;bJESifh
'ku©ray;onfh oabmudk odNyD;jzpfonfESifh armifpH&Sm; tvkd&Sdwkdif; aqmif&Gufíay;av\/ armifpH&Sm;vnf;
&efukefNrdKU a&qdyfü armfawmfbkwf ydkif&SifwkdU\ trnfpm&if;udk Munfh½IvkdaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdav&m a&0efonf
pm&if;pmtkyfudk apvTwf,liifí armifpH&Sm;u &SmazGMunfh½IonfwGif rufum; trnf&Sdaom armfawmfbkwfudk
[mZDr[mruf ydkifqkdifaMumif; od&Sd&av\/ ¤if;armfawmfbkwfrSm ½kd;½kd;armfawmfbkwf r[kwfbJ acsmifcsdpGm
c&D;oGm;vmEkdifap&ef tcef;rsm;zGJUí aqmufvkyfxm;aom orÁefBuD;udk armfawmfbkwfpuf wyfqifí
xm;jcif;jzpfaMumif;ESifhvnf; od&Sdav\/
a&0eftm; aus;Zl;wifaMumif; ajymqkdí armifpH&Sm;onf armiftkef;azESifh a&ykvdyfXmeokdU oGm;a&mufMuNYyD;vQif
a&ywfwa,mifvSnfhaom armfawmfbkwfBuD; wpfpif;ukd awmif;,lNyD;aemuf wpfjrpfvHk;udk "mwfrD;xkd;í
&SmazGMuav\/ reufjzefonfum; bk&ifcHudk,fwkdif OuúXwifajr§mufrnfjzpfaom aeUjzpffav&m armifpH&Sm;rSm
wpfnOfUywfvHk; rawGUvQif rae[laom oabmESifh pkefqefvl;vmcwfvsuf wpfjrpfvHk;udk ESHYatmif &SmazGav\/
rkd;vif;aomfvnf; rawGUEkdifatmif &Sd&um; wpfa,muftm; owif;ar;jref;onfwGifrS armfawmfbkwfBuD;onf
atmufokdU ckwfoGm;aMumif; owif;&&Sdav\/
"mwfqDrsm;udk xyfavmif;wif,lNyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;ESifh armiftkef;azwkdUonf owif;&&mt&yfokdU
armfawmfbkwfESifh vkdufMujyef&m oHvsifqdyfurf;teD; wpfckaom acsmif;auGUokdU a&mufaomtcg a&xJokdU
nGwfudkif;í aygufaeaom opfyifBuD;wpfyif\ tukdif;rsm; atmufü ckdatmif;íaeaom armfawmfbkwfwpfpif;udk
awGU&SdMuojzifh csOf;uyfMuav\/
______
uRefawmfrSm owd&vmonfESifh rsufpdudk zGifhMunfhvkdufaomtcg armfawmfbkwftcef;wGif;okdU jyefa&mufaeaMumif;

od&Sd&av&m OD;acgif;rS 'Pf&mrSm tawmfyifBuD;us,fí Muyfpnf;xm;&onfhtjzpfudkvnf; od&Sd&av\/
xkdtcgüum; uRefawmf\ vufrsm;udk oHBudK;rsm;ESifh csnfaESmifíxm;av&m vGwfajrmufzkdYta&;rSm a&S;uxufyif

Muyfwnf;cJ,Of;av\/ owd&vmNyD;aemuf þaeUonfum; OD;omZHtwGuf ta&;BuD;aom aeUjzpfí armifpH&Sm;rSm
rnfrQavmuf BudK;pm;tm;xkwfí &SmazGaernfudk awG;awmvsuf&SdaepOf ½kwfw&uf aoewfoHwpfcsufudk
Mum;&NyD;aemuf armfawmfbkwfay:&Sd ukvm;rsm; vIyf&Sm;x<ujyKMuonfudk Mum;od&av\/ ¤if;aemuf
vlESpfa,muf oHk;a,muf AsHK;AsHK; [k a&xJokdU ckefqif;oH Mum;&av\/
wpfcPrQ MumvQif armfawmfbkwfwpfpif; uyfvmí udkodef;armif[k armifpH&Sm;\ toHjzihf ac:vkduf&m
uRefawmfu 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om jyefí xl;NyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;ESifh armiftkef;azwkdUvnf; ajy;0ifvmMuí
uRefawmfESifh OD;omZHudk taESmiftzGJUrS ajzMuav\/
&S m;/ /]vGwfwJhvl vGwfayhapOD;wJhAsm? udktkef;az usKyfwkdUrSm vkdufzrf;aezkdU tcsdefr&Sdbl;? bk&ifcHa&mufzkdU

tcsdefuvnf; eD;vSNyD? udkif; jyefarmif;MupkdUAsm}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUonf tpkd;&armfawmfbkwfay: okdU wufMuNyD;vQif &efukefbufokdU vsifjrefEkdiforQ
vsifjrefpGm pufukefckwfí armif;ESifMuav\/
10 em&DcGJaomfvnf; qdyfurf;ESifh tawmfyif a0;uGmvsuf &Sdao;&m armifpH&Sm;rSm em&Dudk cPcP Munfhvsuf

pufarmif;orm;tm; EId;aqmfvsuf&Sdav\/ 12 em&Dxkd;cgeD;wGif ukef;ay:rS um;wpfpD;udk jrifojzifh armfawmfbkwf
udk urf;okdU twif;uyfNyD;vQif um;armif;orm;tm; vuf,yfac:iifí um;ESifh twif;armif;vmMuav\/
0if'grD,mvrf;&Sd OD;omZHaetdrfokdU a&S;OD;pGm armif;ESifapNyD;vQif OD;omZHtm; t0wfrsm; vJvS,fapí xkdrSwpfzef
jrLeDpDyg,f taqmuftOD;okdU armif;ESifMuav\/
bk&ifcHESifhwuG y&dowftpHktnD a&mufESifhMuNyD;jzpfojzifh bk&ifcHu aemufig;rdepftwGif; OD;omZH

rvma&mufcJhvQif OuúX&mxl;udk vufrcHvkd[k oabm,lq&ef &Sdí ¤if;ESifh ,SOfjydKifvk,ufol [mZDr[mruftm;
OuúXavQmuf&ef enf;vrf;&SdaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdvsuf &Sdonf/ uRefawmfwdkUvnf; tcef;wGif;okdU 0ifoGm;Muav\/
xkdtcg OD;uHabmfu 0rf;omtm;& xkdif&mrS xí OD;omZHvma&mufaMumif; nTefjyajymqkdav&m r[mrufonf
uRefawmfwkdU &Sd&mokdU wpfcsufrQ arQmfMunfhNyD;aemuf rdrd\vufudk yg;pyf&Sd&mokdU o,f,lonfukd jrifvkduf&í
Murf;ay: okdU OD;acgif;idkufpkduf vJoGm;av\/
[mZDr[mrufrSm rdrd\ tBuHonf txrajrmufonfjzpfí tqdyf&nfudk aomufoHk;í tqHk;pD&ifvkduf&Smjcif;
jzpfownf;/
NyD;ygNyD/
______
a&TOa'gif;
27/ ukvm;"m;jytoif;BuD;ESifh pHka xmufarmifpH&Sm;

uRefawmf armifodef;armifonf pHkaxmufarmifpH&Sm;\ pHkaxmufyHk trIoGm;wkdUukd a&;om;azmfjycJhjim;aomfvnf;
armifpH&Sm;ESifh a&S;OD;pGm oduRrf;cJhyHkESifh tjcm;t&mwkdYukd xnfhoGif;azmfjyjcif; rjyKcJh&ao;onfjzpf&m yxrOD;pGm
armifpH&Sm;ESifh awGU&yHkrSm atmufygtwkdif;jzpfavonf/
t*Fvdyfausmif;rS xGufNyD;onfhaemuf uRefawmfrSm rdrdqnf;yl;cJhaom ynmuav;ESifh trdtzwkdUtm;
vkyfauR;arG;jrLygawmhrnf [laom tBuHtpnfESifh tpkd;&bufüvnf;aumif;? olaX;wkdufrsm;üvnf;aumif;
tvkyftudkif &SmazGcJh&m tpkd;&bufü bkdocifrsm;u 'l;axmuf&Sdckd;jcif;wnf;[laom vufaqmif ryg
r&Sdívnf;aumif;? olaX;wkdufrsm;üvnf; ½Hk;xkdifpma&;BuD;rsm;u tvkyfr&rDuyif ESpfvwGuf vcudk pm;ay:
ay;&rnf? oHk;vwGuf vcaiGudk vufaqmifay;ESifh&rnf ponfjzifh ajymqkdMuonfESifhomvQif awGUBuHKcJh&avum;
ydkufqHvnf; rwwfEkdif? trdtzESifh &wemoHk;yg;rSvGJí vuftkyfrkd;vsuf &Sdckd;ylaZmfjcif;wnf;[laom trIrsdK;
udkvnf; rjyKvkdaom uRefawmfrSm tvkyftudkif r&EkdifbJ w0JvnfvnfESifh &SdaecJhav\/ ,if;okdU&Sdonfh
uRefawmfonf owif;pm aMumfjimydkif;rsm;wGif vpfvyfaom tvkyfrsm;udk &SmazGvsuf&Sd&m wpfaeUoü t*Fvdyf
owif;pm wpfapmifwGif atmufygaMumfjimudk awGU&Sd&av\/
]]pmoifq&m wpfa,muf tvkd&Sdonf
b*FgvDvlrsdK; wpfa,mufudk jrefrmpum; oifMum;ay;&ef twGuf q&mwpf a,muf tvkd&Sdonf/

t*Fvd yf ES if h [d E´LpwefeD pum;wwfa om jref rmvlrsd K;rsm; avQmufx m;Ekd if onf / pmoif csd ef rS m eH euf 10
em&DrS nae 4 em&D xdjzpf &m vk yf ud kifvk do lrsm;rSm atmufyg vd yf pmtwkd if ; vma&mufavQmufx m;í
tvkd&Sdaom vcudkvnf; ajymjyEdkif o nf /
bD-pD-bem*sD
y*dk ;'g;AsL;? abmif '&Dv rf ;?
&efu kef NrdKU/}}
txufyg aMumfjimudk awGU&Sd&NyD;aemuf uRefawmfrSm ¤if;tvkyfonf acwåtvkyfjzpfí BuD;yGm;Ekdifaom tvkyfyif

r[kwfapumrl ]opfr&rDtMum; 0g;aygif;uGyf} [laom pum;uJhokdU twnfwustvkyfudk r&rD twGif; 0rf;pm
twGufyif &apawmh[k atmufarhí aMumfjimygvdyfpmtwkdif; oGm;a&muf avQmufxm;av\/
tqkdygaetdrfokdU a&mufaomtcg bem*sDqkdolrSm toufav;q,fausmf t&G,fcefU&Sd b*FgvDvlrsdK;
wpfa,mufjzpfaMumif; awGU&Sd&av\/ uRefawmf\ t*Fvdyfpm wwfjcif;taMumif;ESifh [dE´LpwefeDpum;
ajymwwfaMumif;udk tenf;i,fprf;oyfMunfh½INyD;aemuf vctaMumif;ESifh ywfoufí ar;jref;av\/ xdktcg
uRefawmfu ¤if;tdrfonf NrdKU\tpGeftzsm;ü wnf&Sdonfjzpfí tukeftusrsm;rnf jzpfaomaMumifh wpfvvQif 120
usyfrQ awmif;cH&m aemufqHk;ü wpfvvQif 100 usyfESifh aps;wnfhMuav\/
¤if;aemuf bem*sDu uRefawmf\ tvkyfrSm ¤if;\om;tm; jrefrmpm tenf;i,fESifh jrefrmpum;ukd oifMum;
ay;&rnfjzpfaMumif;? ¤if;\om;rSmvnf; t*Fvdyfpm tenf;i,frQom wwfonfjzpfí pmoifonfhtcg [dE´L
pum;jzifh trsm;tm;jzifhajymí oifMum;&rnfjzpfaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdNyD;vQif tapcHwpfa,mufudk ac:í
¤if;\om;udk ac:cJhapav\/ rMumrDtwGif; bem*sDuav;vnf; tcef;wGif;okdU 0ifvm&m bem*sDBuD;u

uRefawmfwkdU ESpfOD;tm; todtuRrf;zGJUíay;av\/
bem*sDuav;onf touf 18 ESpf t&G,fcefU&Sdí ao;ao;oG,foG,fESifh vlacsmvlvSuav; wpfa,muf jzpfav&m
odrfarGUEl;nHUaom trlt&m&Sdvsuf t&SuftaMumuftm;BuD;aom oli,fwpfa,mufjzpfí rdef;rvsmuav;ESifh
wlvSay\/ uRefawmfESifh bem*sDuav;rSm q&mwynfhyif qkd&aomfvnf; toufjcif;rSm rsm;pGm rjcm;em;
onfjzpfí uRefawmfwkdU ESpfOD;onf &ufaygif;tenf;i,f oifMum;jyordMuavvQif rsm;pGm uRrf;0ifaomtjzpfokdU
qkdufa&mufcJhav\/
bem*sDBuD;rSm rsm;pGm <u,f0csrf;omaom ukvm;ukefonfBuD;wpfOD;jzpfí umvuwåm;NrdKUü ukefwkdufBuD;rsm;
zGifhvSpfwnfaxmifcJh&m jrefrmjynfrS ukefpnfrsm;udk tdE´d,jynfokdU wifydkY&efvnf;aumif;? tdEd´,jynfrS ukefpnfrsm;
udk jrefrmjynfokdUwifykdU&ef vnf;aumif; vma&mufpHkprf;jcif;jzpfavonf/ xkdYjyiftu,fí ¤if;\rSef;ajctwdkif;
xajrmufcJhrl jrefrmjynfüvnf; tvkyfwkdufBuD; zGifhvSpfí ¤if;tvkyfwkdufwGif rdrd\om; bem*sDuav;tm; OD;pD;í
vkyfudkifaprnfjzpfaomaMumifh ¤if;tm; jrefrmpum;ukd wwfuRrf;ESifhatmif oifMum; apjcif; jzpfavonf/
'kwd,aeUü uRefawmfonf 10 em&Dxkd;onfESihf wpfNydKifeuf pmoif&ef tcef;okdU a&mufESifhí bem*sDBuD;ESifh
pum;ajymqkd&if; bem*sDuav;udk apmifhqkdif;vsuf&SdpOf twGif;cef;wHcg;onf ½kwfw&ufyGifhvmí tvGefw&m
cspfcifzG,faumif;onfh ukvm;ruav;wpfa,mufonf t½kyfBuD; wpf½kyfudk ayGUvsuf tcef;wGif;okdU 0ifvm
av\/ ukvm;rav;onf uRefawmfhudk jrifaomtcg rsufESmpdrf;onfjzpfí &SufaMumufaomtrlt&mESifh &SdaevQif
¤if;\ ygygu
]abbDwkdU q&mav abbD&JU? vmvm ygygqDvm}

[k ajymí oli,frtm; aumuf,lerf;½Iwfav\/ ¤if;aemuf bem*sDBuD;rSm rdrdrSm rkqkd;zkdjzpfí
orD;uav;wpfa,mufESifh om;uav;wpfa,muftm; rdcif\ Muifemcspfcifjcif;jzifh vnf;aumif;? zcif\
xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufjcif;jzifh vnf;aumif; tvkyfESpfck vkyfcJh&aMumif;rsm;ESifh ajymqkdvsuf&SdpOf bem*sDuav;
0ifvmonfjzpfaomaMumifh uRefawmfwkdUonf pmoif&ef jyifqifMu&m bem*sDBuD;vnf; orD;udk vufqGJvsuf
tcef;jyifokdU xGufoGm;av\/
bem*sDwkdU aexkdifaom tdrfrSm wkdufcHtdrfBuD;jzpfí y&dabm* toHk;taqmifwkdUrSmvnf; Oa&mywkdufom;
t&m&SdBuD;rsm;ESifh rjcm;rem; om;em;wifhw,fpGm &Sdonfjzpf&m uRefawmfwkdU pmoifaomtcef;rSm tdrf\
atmufxyfü wnf&Sdav\/ uRefawmfonf &uftenf;i,frQ oifMum;jyordaomtcg xl;jcm;aom tjcif;t&m
wpfckudk awGUjrif&onfrSm xkdtdrf\ atmufxyfwGif eH&H? jywif;ayguf tp&SdonfwkdUü usD;Oa&mif&Sdaom
aq;rsm;ESifh okwfvdrf;vsuf&Sd&m wpfckaomtcef;\ wHcg;rSmrl [oFmjy'g;uJhokdY &J&JeDaom oabFmaq;rsm;ESifh
okwfvdrf;vsuf &Sdonfudk awGUjrif&av\/ xkdUjyif eH&HrSaq;wkdUrSm &ufaygif;rsm;pGm MumNyDjzpf&m ¤if;wHcg;rS
oabFmaq;rSmrl okwfNyD;cgpESifh wlí aq;rtdyfwtdyfrQom &Sdao;av\/ wpftdrfvHk;ürl pdrf;vJhvJh &Sdaom
aq;a&mifjzifh okwfvdrf;í xkdwHcg; wpfckwnf;ürlum; &J&JeDaom ta&mif&SdonfjzpfaomaMumifh aq;a&mifcsif;
r[wfonfhtaMumif;ukd uRefawmf\ pdwfü awG;awmrd&m wpfckaomeHeufü uRefawmfonf 0wå&m;twkdif;
pmoif&ef a&mufvmaomtcg xkdwHcg;onf teDa&mifrS tjyma&mifokdU ajymif;vJ okwfvdrf;NyD;jzpfaMumif;udk
awGUjrif&av\/
xkdtaMumif;ukd uRefawmfu bem*sDuav;tm; ar;jref;íMunfhaomtcg bem*sDuav;u rdrd\zcifonf &J&JeD
aom ta&mifudk rsufpdpl;í rBudKufonfjzpfaomaMumifh ta&mifajymif;vJ okwfvdrf;xm;aMumif;ESihf jyefajymav\/
a&TOa'gif;
uRefawmfonf ¤if;tvkyfü we*FaEG ESpfywfcefUrQ vkyfudkifrdcJhavvQif om;tzESpfa,mufvHk;wkdUESifh rsm;pGm

tuRrf;w0ifjzpfí &Hzef&Hcg naecif;tcsdefrsm;wGif bem*sDBuD;ESifh vufzuf&nfaomuf&if; pum;ESD;aESm ajymqkd
Mu&m bem*sDBuD;onf "eOpöm <u,f0csrf;om½HkrQru A[kokwtMum;tjrifESifhvnf; rsm;pGmjynfhpHkaom ol
wpfa,mufjzpf&m? wkdif;a&;jynfa&;bufqkdif&m ynm&yfwkdUüvnf; ESHYpyfuRrf;usifol wpfa,mufjzpfaMumif;ukd
od&Sd&av\/ xkduJhokdY pum;ajymqkdMuonfhtcg bem*sDBuD;u tdEd´,jynfom;wkdU\ xl;qef;aom pdwfxm;ESifh
wuG "avhxHk;pHrsm;udk jyefajymif;ajymqkdavh&Sd&m uRefawmfhxHrSvnf; jrefrmjynfESifh oufqkdif&m A[kokwrsm;?
"avhxHk;pHrsm;? Opöm"e<u,f0olwkdU\trnfae&yfrsm;udkvnf; pkaqmif;okdrSD;avh&Sdav\/ ,if;uJhokdY ESD;aESm ajymqkd
Muonfh tcgrsm;ü uRefawmf\pdwfü jzpfay:onfrSm bem*sDBuD;onf OpömaMu;aiGESifh jynfhpHkolwpfa,muf jzpfjim;
aomfvnf; ¤if;\pdwfü 'ku©wpfpHkwpfckESifhBuHKawGUvsuf&Sd&m tpOfrjywf ylyefaMumifhMujcif; ruif;jzpfaeonf [k
rSwfxifrdav\/ taMumif;udk qkdaomf bem*sDBuD;onf rdrd\ a&S;a[mif;aESmif;jzpfrsm;udk jyefajymif;ajymqdkonfh
tcgwkdUü ezl;jyifudk vuf0g;ESifhwD;½kdufNyD;vQif rom,maomrsufESmxm;onf &Hzef&Hcg jzpfay:vmonfudk awGUjrif
& aomaMumifhaywnf;/
tcsdKUaom olwkdUonf ab;Oyg'ftEÅ&m,fwpfpHkwpf&mudk awGUBuHK&rnfh qJqJ&Sdonfhtcg pdwfav;vHjcif; tp
&Sdaom erdwfvu©Pm txdrf;trSwfwkdYudk BudKwifíjzpfay:wwfMuonfjzpf&m uRefawmfrSmvnf; bem*sDom;tz
ay:ü wpfpHkwpf&m tjypfqkdzG,f&m r&SdcJhaomfvnf; rnfokdYaom taMumif;aMumifh rod? uRefawmf\ udk,fü ab;xd
acsawmhrnf [lí pdk;&drfruif;onfh pdwf jzpfay:vmcJhav\/
,if;uJhodkU&SdpOf uRefawmfonf xkdtdrfBuD;ü vl0ifvlxGufrsm;udk owdESifh Munfh½Ird&m toufoHk;q,ft&G,fcefU
&Sdaom bmblvlrsdK;wpfa,mufonf xkdtdrfokdU rMumrMum vma&mufvnfywfaMumif; awGU&Sd&av\/ ¤if;bmbl
onf bem*sDuav;ESifhvnf; rsm;pGm tuRrf;0ifonfh vu©PmESihf uRefawmfwkdU pmoif&mü vma&mufum
em;axmifavh&Sd&m bem*sDuav;u todtuRrf;zGJUay;NyD; uRefawmfESifhvnf; a&maESmum pum;vufqHk0ifvsuf
&SdMuav\/ ¤if;bmblonf uRefawmfhtm; vufatmufajcom; tapcHuJhokdY oabmrxm;bJ ,Ofaus;zG,f&maom
pum;wkdUudk cefUjim;wnfjidrfaom tdaÈÉSifh ajymqkdwwfonfjzpf&m bem*sDBuD;onf ¤if;tm; txl;ojzifh t½dktao
ay;í pum;ajymqkdonfudkvnf; awGUjrif&av\/ ¤if;\ trnfrSm bmblcsE´&m [k ac:wGifaMumif;
od&Sd&avonf/
wpfckaom naecif;tcsdefü uRefawmfonf bem*sDBuD;ESifh bmblcsE´&m \ taMumif;udk ajymqkdvsuf &SdMu&m ...
*sD / /]cifAsm;rkdU ajym&OD;r,f? bmblcsE´&mu tifrwef ydkufqHcsrf;omwJhvlAs? cifAsm;wkdU jrefrmjynfvkd jynfuav;
rsdK;udk olu 0,fr,fqkd&if 0,fEkdifwJhvlAs? onfavmufyJ csrf;omw,f}
uRefawmf/ /(tHhMovsuf) ]onfavmufyJvm; cifAs}
*sD / /]v,f{u 3 odef;ausmfAs? oabFmu 15 pif;? a&eHwGif;u 100 ausmf? wkdufaygif; NcHaygif;qkdwm
ra&rwGufEkdifbl;As? b*Fvm;rSm olykdifawG vufñdI;xkd;vkdU rvGJbl;}
uRefawmf/ /]onfvlu &mZmrsdK;xJu rSwfw,f? [kwfvm; bmblBuD;}
xkdtcg bem*sDonf ouFmruif;aom rsufESmxm;ESifh uRefawmfhtm; pdkufíMunfhNyD;vQif

*sD / /]cifAsm; b,fenf;ESifh odovJ}
uRefawmf/ /]olUMunfh&wm cefUcefUnm;nm;ESifh &mZrmefygvGef;vkdU awG;rdwmyg? bmblBuD;}
*sD / /(wkefvIyfaom trlt&mESifh) ]ajymprf; ajymprf;? rSefrSefajymprf;? cifAsm;olUtaMumif;udkodovm;? olUudk cifAsm;
b,frSm awGUzl;ovJ ajymprf;}
uRefawmf/ /(bem*sD\ trlt&mudk tHhMovsuf) ]rawGUzl;ygbl; cifAsm}
xkdcPü bem*sD\ rsufESmxm;onf wpfrsdK;wpfrnfajymif;vJí oGm;onfudk jrifvkduf&av&m uRefawmfrSm

xkdrsufESmxm;udk jrifonfESifh rnfokdUaom taMumif;aMumifh rod? &ifxJü xdwfceJ jzpfíoGm;av\/
xkdaeUrSpí uRefawmfonf tvkyf0wå&m;twkdif;yif 10 em&D tcsdefwGif vma&mufí 4 em&DtcsdefwGif tdrfokdU jyefcJh
&m bem*sDonf uRefawmfhtm; a&S;uuJhokdU vufzuf&nfwkdufjcif;? pum;pjrnfa&maESm ajymqkdjcif;r&Sd? uRefawmf
ESifhvnf; rsufESmjcif;rqkdifbJ &SdaecJhav\/ xkdtjcif;t&mudkawGUjrif&aomtcg uRefawmfhtm; bem*sDonf trSef
rkcs xkdaeUu ajymaompum;twGuf rESpfoufaomaMumifhjzpfonf[lí awG;xifrdaomfvnf; uRefawmfajymaom
pum;wGif b,ftcsufudk b,ftwGufaMumifh rESpfouf&onfudk awG;awmí r&EkdifbJ &SdaecJhav\/
bem*sD\ rsufESmxm;ajymif;vJjcif;udk awGUjrif&aomtcg uRefawmfrSm ,cifu pdk;&drfruif;jzpfaompdwf jzpfay:
cJhonf rSefaomfvnf; wpfvvQif 100 usyfrQaom vcaiGudk rufarmcJhonfhtwGuf qufvufíomvQif vkyfudkif
cJhav\/ okdU&mwGif uRefawmfonf em;rsufpdwkdUudk a&S;uxuf us,fpGm zGifhvsuf xpfceJjzpfcJhvQif tqifoifh
jyifqifNyD;&Sdap&ef zswfvwfaom trlt&mESifh tpOfrjywf apmihfMuyfMunfh½Ivsuf &SdaecJhav\/
we*FaEGwpfywfcefU Mumjyefaomtcg bem*sDBuD;onf uRefawmfhtm; a&S;uuJhodkUvufzuf&nfaomuf zdwfjcif;?
pum;pjrnf ESD;aESmajymqkdjcif;wkdUudk rjyKrvkyfaomfvnf; &Hzef&Hcg uRefawmfwkdU pmoifcef;okdU 0ifvmNyD;vQif
uRefawmfwkdUtm; apmifhMuyfMunfh½Iavh&Sdav\/ uRefawmfonf¤if;tm;wkduf½dkufrMunfhbJ apmif;yg;&dyfajc Munfh½I
aomtcg bem*sDonf uRefawmftm; cufxefaom rsufESmxm;ESifh pkdufíMunfhaeonfudk &dyfrdod&Sdonfjzpf&m
uRefawmfESifh rsufvHk;csif;qkdifrdonfh tcgürlum; csdKomaom rsufESmxm;ESifh &SdaeonfudkomvQif awGUjrif&av\/
bem*sD\ OD;acgif;rSm tvnfü ajymifvsuf rsufcHk;wkdUrSmvnf; cyfukwfukwf? rsufvHk;rSmvnf; rSif\ taoG;uJhokdU
rnf;rnf;arSmifatmif eufvSonfjzpf&m NyHK;&,fjcif;rjyKbJ cufxefaomrsufESmxm;ESifh &Sdaeonfhtcgürl trSefyif
aMumufrufzG,f aumif;aom toGifudk aqmifwwfav\/
¤if;\ om; bem*sDuav;rSmrl uRefawmf\ tay:ü uRefawmf\tay:ü pdwfoabmxm; ajymif;vJjcif;r&SdbJ
wpfaeUwpfjcm; tuRrf;0ifonfxuf 0ifcJhNyD;vQif uRefawmf oifMum;jyoaom pmrsm;udk 0D&d,pdkufxkwfí
oiftHavhusuf½HkrQru jrefrmwkdU\ xHk;pH tavhtvmrsm;udkvnf; rSwfom;qnf;yl;vsuf &Sdav\/
xkdtawmtwGif; xl;qef;aom tjcif;t&mwpfck jzpfay:jyefonfrSm rlvu teDa&mifaq;okwfxm;aom wHcg;onf
tjyma&mifokdU ajymif;NyD;aemuf wpfzef t0ga&mifokdU ajymif;vJvmjyef&m aemufqHk;ü teufa&mifokdU wpfzef
ajymif;vJí okwfxm;jyefonfudk awGU&Sd&av\/ xkdtjcif;t&mudk bem*sDuav;tm; ar;jref;cJhrl uRefawmf\ pdwfü
rouFm&Sdaeonfh tjzpfudk &dyfrdrnf pkd;aomaMumifh zGifh[ar;jref;jcif;rjyKbJ rsufpdudk us,fapvsuf em;wkdUudkd
pGifhíomvQif apmifhMuyfMunfh½I aecJhav\/
bem*sDBuD;onf uRefawmf\ tay:ü trlt&majymif;vJNyD;onfhaemuf we*FaEGESpfywfcefU &Sdaomtcg wpfaeUaom
naeapmif;tcsdefpmoifítNyD;wGif uRefawmftm; a&S;uuJhodkU azmfa&Gaom rsufESmxm;ESifh vufzuf&nfaomufNyD;rS
jyef&ef zdwfMum;jyefavonf/ xkdtcg uRefawmfonf jiif;qefvkdaomfvnf; pdwfqkd;rnfudk pdk;&drfojzifh
pdwfryghwygESifh apmifhqkdif;&ef oabmwlvkduf&av\/
av;em&DcGJonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf a[mif;EGrf;aom t0wfwkdUudk 0wfqifvsuf atmufwef;pm;jzpfaom bmblvlrsdK;
wpfa,mufonf a&mufvmav&m bem*sDonf ¤if;{nfhonfbmblESifhwuG uRefawmfyg vufzuf&nfpm;yGJü
xkdifapav\/ {nfhonfbmblonf*emrjidrfaomtrlt&mESifh zifw<u<u&Sd&Smav&m &Hzef&Hcgowdvpfí Murf;ay:ü
wHawG;rsm;udk axG;ícsonfudk jrifojzifh uRefawmfawG;xifonfhtwkdif; atmufwef;pm;usaomol jzpfaMumif;
xif&Sm;ap\/
a&TOa'gif;
vufzuf&nfaomufvsuf &SdMupOf bem*sDonfvnf; wpfpHkwpfa,muf vmrnfudk vnf;aumif;? wpfpHkwpfck

jzpfysufrnfudkvnf;aumif; aMumifhMupdk;&drfonfh vu©PmESifh em&Dudk rMumcP vSrf;í Munfhav&m 5 em&DcGJ
NyD;onfhaemufrS ¤if;\rsufESmxm;onf pdk;&drfaMumifhMujcif; uif;onfhvu©PmESifh &,farmum pum;ajymqkdEkdif
av\/ 6 em&Dxkd;vwfaomf {nfhonfbmblonf jyefrnfjyKojzifh uRefawmfvnf; jyefawmhrnf[k EIwfcGef;qufo
av&m bem*sDu uRefawmfhtm; rsuf&dyfjyum wm;qD;ojzifh wpfzefjyefí ukvm;xkdifü xkdif&av\/
{nfhonfxGufoGm;NyD;onfhaemuf bem*sDonf a&S;,cifu awGUcgptcguuJhodkU &Tifysaomtrlt&mESifh pum;
ajymqkdvsuf&Sd&m uRefawmffvnf; 6em&DcGJNyDjzpfí tdrfokdUjyefvkdaomaMumifh rnfokdUtaMumif;jyí jyef&rnfudk BuHpnf
awG;awmvsuf&SdpOf tdrf0if;twGif;üum;wpfpD;qkdufoHudkMum;&NyD;aemufykvdyft&m&SdoHk;a,mufwkdUonf tcef;wGif;
okdU ajy;0ifvmí uRefawmfwkdUtm; ajcmufvHk;jyL;rsm;ESifh csdef&G,fxm;av\/ xkdcPü bem*sDuav;ESifh orD;i,f
abbDwkdUvnf; xdwfvefUaomtrlt&mESifh tcef;wGif;okdUajy;0ifvmMu&m bem*sDuav;onf ykvdyfrsm;udk jrifaom
tcg tcef;0wGif wefUum&yfvsuf oli,fruav;rSmrl uRefawmf\ 'l;udk vmízufav\/ xkdtcg bem*sDBuD;u
pdwfqkd;aom trlt&mESifh
*sD / /]b,fhES,faMumifh cifAsm;wkdU usKyftdrfxJ 0ifEkdifovJ}

yk vdyf t &m&Sdwpfa,muf/ /]cifAsm;tdrfudk uREkfyfwkdU&SmzkdU 0g;&rf;ygw,f}
*sD / /]bmudk &SmzkdUvJ}
vdyf/ /]rkdifqkd;e,fu r[m&mZm apmfbGm;BuD;ESifh t*Fvdyftpdk;&rif;ESifh pmcsKyfcsKyfxm;wm cifAsm; cdk;oGm;w,f ?
b,frSm xm;ovJ}
*sD / /]BuHBuHpnfpnfAsm? b,fu pmcsKyfudk b,folu ckd;vkdUvJAs}
vdyf/ /]em;rvnfbl;? rcdk;onfjzpfap? ckd;onfjzpfap? usKyfwkdU 0wå&m; twkdif; &Sm&vdrfhr,f}
*sD / /]&SmzkdU 0g;&rf; ygovm;}
vdyf/ /]ygw,f}
*sD / /]jyprf;}
xkdtcg bem*sDonf ykvdyf\ vufrS 0g;&rf;pm&Gufudk ,liifMunfh½INyD;vQif Oya'twkdif; jzpfaMumif; od&SdonfESifh
&SmazG&ef cGifhjyK&av&m uRefawmfrSmrl ukefonfBuD;ESifh r[m&mZmapmfbGm;BuD;\ pmcsKyfonf rnfokdU oufqkdifonf
udk awG;awm tHhMovsuf&Sdav\/
ykvdyft&m&SdwkdUvnf; pm;yGJrsm;rS tHqGJrsm;udkvnf;aumif;? AD½dkrsm;rS twGif;&Sd pm&GufwkdUudkvnf;aumif;? pmtkyfrsm;
tMum;ü wpf&GufpDvSefavSmívnf;aumif; &SmazGvsuf&SdMu&m bem*sDBuD;onf vufydkufum&yfvsuf bem*sDuav;
rSmvnf; rkef;xm;aom rsufESmxm;ESifh EIwfcrf;udk udkufum ykvdyfrsm;tm; Munfhvsuf &Sdav\/ uav;ruav;
abbDrSm ykvdyfwkdUu tcef;udk &SmazGrnfjyKMuonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf rdrd\ t½kyfBuD;udkayGUvsuf
]uRefr t½kyf r,lMuygESifh&Sif? uRefr t½kyfyg&Sif? r,lMuygESifh&Sif}
[k rdrd\bmomjzifh idk,dkajymqkdvsuf &Sd&m ykvdyft&m&Sd wpfa,mufu oli,frtm; u½kPm&Sdonfjzpfí rdrdwkdUrSm
pm&Gufrsm;udkom tvkd&SdaMumif;? oli,fr\ t½kyfudk ,lrnfr[kwfaMumif; acsmharmhajymqkdav\/
¤if;aemuf ykvdyft&m&SdwkdUonf tdrfBuD;twGif; txufxyfa&m atmufxyfygrusef ESHUpyfatmif
vSefavSm&SmazGNyD;aemuf rdrdwkdUtvkd&Sdaom t&mudk rawGUonfjzpfí
vdyf/ /]w,fNyD; vHkNcHKygayw,fAsm? w,ft0Sufaumif;yguvm;}

*sD / /]&SdrS r&Sdwm? bm0Suf&rSmvJAsm}
vdyf/ /]&SdapAsm;? &Sdap}
¤if;aemuf ykvdyft&m&SdwkdUvnf; tdrfjyifokdU xGufoGm;Muí um;ESifhjyefoGm;Muav\/ ¤if;wkdU\um; xGufoGm;aom

tcg bem*sDBuD;onf ezl;rS pD;íusaom acR;rsm;udk vufudkifyk0gESifh okwfvsuf xdwfvefYaomtrlt&mESifh
&Sdaeaom tapcHrsm;tm; pdk;&drf&ef r&SdaMumif; ajymqkdí tcef;jyifokdUxGufoGm;ap&m oli,fruav;rSm t½kyfBuD;udk
zufvsufyif &Sdao;av\/
*sD / /]b,fhES,fvJ udkodef;armif? cifAsm; b,fhES,f xifovJ}

uRefawmf/ /]pmcsKyfudk olwkdU vkdcsifw,f qkdwmyJ? onfpmcsKyfu ta&;BuD;wJh pmcsKyfrkdUvm;Asm}
xkdtcg bem*sDonf uRefawmf\ar;cGef;udk ajzMum;jcif; rjyKao;bJ oli,fruav;udk ayGU,lerf;½Iwfvsuf

]w,fvdr®mwJh orD;uav;uG,f? ihg orD;aMumifh ygyg toufcsrf;om&m &awmhw,f}
oli,f r/ /]ygyg oifxm;wJh twkdif; uRefr vkyfwmyJ ygyg&JU}
*sD / /]at;uG,f? vdr®mw,f}
¤if;aemuf bem*sDonf uav;r\ vufrS t½kyfBuD;udk ,lNyD;vQif t0wfrsm;udk qkwfNzJvkduf&m twGif;rS
vTpmrIefUwkdYonf Murf;ay: okdU usvmav\/ vTpmrIefUrsm; ukefvwfaomf bem*sDonf bem*sDonf t½kyf\
0rf;wkdufwGif;okdU vufESifhEIdufí,lvkduf&m Muyfwnf;ao;EkwfpGm acgufíxm;aom pm&GufwkdUonf tjyifodkU
xGufvmav\/ ¤if;aemuf ..
*sD / /]udkif; udkodef;armif? uREkfyfrSm cifAsm;vufckyfwGif;ua& uJhokdU jzpfygNyDAsm? cifAsm; jyKoíygyJ? okdUaomf
cifAsm;[m Muifemwwfaom oabm&SdwJhvlwpfa,mufjzpfw,fvkdU tpuwnf;u uREfkyfxifrdygw,f? uREfkyf
xifwJhtwkdif; ñSmwmwJh oabm&SdvkdU om;orD;wpfuGJ? tzwpfuGJ rjzpfapvkdcJhvkdU&SdvQif uREkfyftwGuf onfudpörSm
ulnDygAsm? cifAsm;aus;Zl;udk uREkfyf rarhygbl;? cifAsm;uawmh jrefrmvlrsdK;jzpfwJhtwGuf onfudpörSm cifAsm;udk
b,folurS rouFmp&m r&Sdygbl;Asm? onfawmh onfpm&Gufudk cifAsm;u wqdwfavmuf vHkNcHKatmif xdef;odrf;NyD;
xm;apcsifygw,fAsm}
uRefawmf/ /]b,fvkd pmcsKyfrsdK;vJAs}
*sD / /]wkdif;a&;jynfa&;ESifh qkdifwJh pmcsKyfygAsm? onfpmcsKyfudk ae&mwus oHk;wwfvQif tdEd´,jynfvnf;
[kr®&l;&r,f? cifAsm;wkdU jrefrmjynfvnf; [kr®&l;&r,f? b,fhES,fvJ ulnDrvm;}
xkdtcg uRefawmfonf [kr®&l; &rnf r&rnfudk rsm;pGm t,HktMunf r&Sdaomfvnf; rdrdtm; tvkyfr&SdonfhtcgwGif
vcaMu;aiG rSefuefpGm ay;urf;vsuf&Sdaom olwpfa,mufonf aus;Zl;&SifwpfrsdK;yifjzpfonf[k xifjrifonf
wpfaMumif;? armifESr ESpfa,mufwkdUtm;vnf; oem;u½kPmjzpfonf wpfaMumif;aMumifh odk0Sufxdef;odrf;&ef
oabmwlnDav\/ xkdtcg bem*sDonf uRefawmf\vufudk 0rf;omtm;&ESifh udkifqGJvsuf
a&TOa'gif;
*sD / /]aus;Zl;ygyJ rdwfaqG? tifrwef aus;Zl;ygyJ? b,fawmhrS uREfkyf rarhygbl;? udkif; udkif; onfpm&GufawGudk
csdyfwHqdyfcwfNyD; ydwfvkdufr,faemf? ab;tEÅ&m,fudk pkd;&drfzG,fr&SdwJh tcgusawmhrS uREkfyfvufudk jyeftyfayawmh}
¤if;aemuf bem*sDonf pm&Gufrsm;udk pmtdwfwpftdwfwGif xnfhNyD;vQif csdyfwHqdyf ig;csufrQ ½dkufí rdrd\

vufpGyfESifh ESdyfNyD;vQif uRefawmf\vufokdU pmtdwfudk ay;tyfí
]owdMuyfMuyfjyKyg rdwfaqG? tdEd´,wpfEkdifiHvHk; vGwfvyfa&;ESifh jrefrmjynfwpfjynfvHk; vGwfvyfa&;[m
rdwfaqGvufwGif;rSm &Sdaeygw,f? MuyfMuyfowdjyKNyD; okd0Sufyg rdwfaqG? olvQdKawGuvnf; tifrwef aygygw,f?
aeUa&mna&m rdwfaqGvufwGif;u onfpmtdwfudk b,ftcgrS rcGJcGmygeJY? toufvkd xdef;odrf;ygav?
udkodef;armif}
xkdtcg uRefawmfonf pmtdwfudkvSrf;,lNyD;aemuf csdyfwHqdyfudkMunfh½Ií uRefawmf\tusÐtwGif;tdwfü xnfhxm;

vkdufav\/ ¤if;aemuf uRefawmfu tdrfokdYjyef&ef cGifhjyKygrnfhtaMumif;ESifh ajymaomtcg bem*sDu nOfUvnf;
tawmfeufNyDjzpfaomaMumifh ykvdyfwkdUu vrf;rS acsmif;ajrmif; zrf;qD;NyD;vQif &SmazGrnfudk pdkd;&drf&onfjzpfí xkdnü
¤if;\tdrfüyif tdyf&efajymqkdav&m uRefawmfrSm jiif;y,f&ef enf;vrf;rjrifonfESifh oabmwlnD&av\/ okdUjzpfí
uRefawmfonf xkdnü aygifrkefUtenf;i,fESifh ig;aowåmwpfbl;udk npmtjzpfESifh pm;aomufNyD;vQif uRefawmfh
twGuf jyifqifxm;aom tdyfcef;okdU 0ifí tdyf&av\/
txufyg tjcif;t&mwkdY jzpfysufNyD;onfhaemuf we*FaEGwpfywf twGif;ü uRefawmfonf a&S;uuJhodkY
tcsdefrSefrSefvma&mufí tcsdefrSefrSef tdrfudk jyefav&m xkdpmtdwfudkrl uRefawmf\ tay:tusÐ twGif;tdwfü
tyfESifhoDcsKyfí vHkNcHKpGm okd0Sufxm;av\/ xkd&uftawmtwGif;ü uRefawmfonf pmcsKyf\taMumif;udk bem*sDtm;
pum;pyfí ajymrdaomtcg bem*sDonf pdwfnpfnL;aeaom vu©PmESifh xkdtaMumif;ukd xyfavmif;írajymbJ
oufjyif;csum acgif;&rf;umjzifh omvQif &Sdaeonfudk awGU&av\/ ykvdyft&m&SdwkdUvnf; aemufwpfBudrf
vma&muf&SmazGjcif; rjyKaomfvnf; bem*sD\tdrfü vl0ifvlxGufudk ta0;rS apmifhMuyfMunfh½Iaeonf[k
bem*sDuajymí uRefawmf od&Sd&av\/ ¤if;\om; rdef;rvsmESifhwlaom bem*sDuav;rSmvnf; ykvdyfrsm;
vma&muf&SmazGNyD;onfh aeUrSpí pdwfrcsrf;rom &Sdaeonfh vu©PmESifh a&S;uuJhodkU pmayoifMum;jcif;ü rsm;pGm
pdwftm;xufoef&ef vu©Pmr&SdbJ 0wfaus0wfukefrQomvQif oiftHvsuf &Sdav\/ wHcg;\ aq;a&mifrSmvnf;
xkd&uftawmtwGif;ü ESpfBudrfoHk;BudrfrQ ajymif;vJ okwfvdrf;xm;&SdaMumif; awGU&Sd&av\/
,if;uJhokdU wHcg;\ aq;a&mifudk rMumcPajymif;vJ okwfvdrf;jcif;rSm wpfpHkwpfck t"dyÜm,f&SdaMumif;udkrl
uRefawmf awG;rday\/ okdU&mwGif rnfokdYaom t"dyÜm,fESifh ajymif;vJonfudkum; wwftyfaocsm rawG;xifEkdifacs/
bem*sDBuD;onf rddrd\pdwfü pdk;&drfruif;&Sdaeonfh taMumif;wpfck &SdaMumif; wpfaeUxufwpfaeU
xif&Sm;ívmav&m ¤if;\tapcHwkdUrSmvnf; wpfBudwfwnf; wpfÓPfwnf;jzpfonfh vu©PmESifh &Hzef&Hcg
q&mESifh wD;wkd;wkdifyifMuav\/
wpfaeUaom naeü uRefawmfonf 4 em&Dxkd;NyD;aemuf bem*sDUtdrfrS jyefvm&m 32 vrf;&Sd rdwfaqG wpfa,mufxH
udpöwpfckESifh 0ifcJhNyD;vQif vGpövrf; &Sd uRefawmf\ aetdrfokdU jyefvm&m uRefawmf\tdrf&Sif rdef;rBuD;onf
uRefawmfhtm; ukvm;wpfa,mufu pmwpfapmif vma&mufay;oGm;aMumif; ajymqkdí pmudk uRefawmfhtm; ay;av
\/ uRefawmfonf pmudk jrifonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf bem*sDxHrSjzpfaMumif;udk od&Sdojzifh pmtdwfudk azmufvkduf&m
twGif;ü pmwpfapmifESifh tjcm;pmtdwfudk awGU&Sd&av\/ pmudk zwfíMunfhaomtcg þpmESifhtwl ygvmaom
pmtdwfudk vdyfpmwyfyg&Sdonfhtwkdif; csufcsif;oGm;a&muf ay;ydkU&ef rSmxm;onfudk awGU&av\/ twGif;pmtdwfü
yg&Sdaom vdyfpmrSmum;
rpöufcsuf wm*sD
17? vefuuf pwmvrf; (,ck Ad kvf &mnGefUvrf;)? &efukef Nrd KU/
xkdtcg uRefawmfonf npmxrif;udk vQifjrefpGmpm;NyD;vQif vefjcm;wpfpD;ESifh vefuufpwmvrf;odkY oGm;a&muf

av\/ rpöufcsufwm*sD\ aetdrfrSm oyf&yfaumif;rGefpGm aqmufvkyfí "mwfrD;rsm;ESifh xdefxdefvif;vsuf&Sd&m
uRefawmfvnf; tapcHwpfa,muftm; pmudk ay;NyD;aemuf {nfhcef;rS xkdifí apmifhaeav\/ uRefawmfonf tvGef
aumif;rGefí pnf;pdrf&Sdaom tzHk;BuD;rsm; wyfqifxm;onfh ukvm;xkdifBuD;ay:ü xkdifNyD;vQif tcef;\ jyifqifyHk
tcrf;tem;udk Munfh½I&if; uRefawmfhtm; rnfokdUaomudpöESifh þuJhokdU ta&;wBuD; apvTwf&onfudk pOf;pm;
pdwful;vsuf&SdpOf tvGefajymifvufaom zJ*g0efBuD;udk 0wfqifvsuf? touf 30 t&G,fcefU&Sdí ½kyf&nf
acsmarmvSyaom ukvm;r wpfa,mufonf tcef;jyifokdU xGufvmav\/ ¤if;vufüum; BudK;ESifh Muyfwnf;pGm
pnf;aESmifíxm;aom aowåmi,fwpfck ygvmcJhav\/
¤if;xGufvmonfudk jrifojzifh uRefawmfonf xkdif&mrS xvkduf&m ukvm;ru azmfa&Gaom rsufESmxm;ESifh
t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh
]xkdifyg xkdifyg? rpöufcsufwm*sD qkdwm uRefrygyJ? udkodef;armif qkdwm &Sif r[kwfvm;? rpöwmbem*sDu
&SifhtaMumif;udk cPcP ajymvkdU vludk rjrifzl;aomfvnf; emrnfudkawmh Mum;&zl;vSygNyD&Sif? ,ck vludk,fwkdif
awGU&wJh twGufvnf; trsm;BuD; 0rf;ajrmufygw,f}
[k ajymaomtcg uRefawmfrSm bem*sDonf uRefawmf\ taMumif;udk ta&;w,lvkyfí olwpfyg;tm;
ajymMum;xm;ESifhonfudk tm;&ESpfouf&dSonfESifh NyHK;&,fum xkdufoifhaompum;rsm;udk jyefí ajymonfwGif
rpöufcsufwm*sDu
]uRefru &Sifvmr,fqkdwm odESifhvkdU wpfnaevHk; arQmfaeygw,f&Sif? tm;vHk; tqifoifh jyifqifNyD;xm;ygw,f?
okdUaomf onftaMumif;udk b,folUrS rajymygeJU&Sifhaemf? vlrsm;odvQifjzifh uRefrrSm t&SufuGJ tusdK;enf; jzpf&yg
vdrfhr,f&Sif}
[k ajymjyefaomtcg uRefawmfrSm ¤if;\pum;t"dyÜm,fudk r&dyfrdaomfvnf; rdrd r&dyfrdonfh taMumif;udk
rodapjcif;iSm odNyD;[efESifh NyHK;&,fvsuf ]rSefygw,f} [k ajym&av\/ ¤if;aemuf ..
r/ /]&Sifu b,folUudkrS rajymbl;qkdwm ,HkMunf&yghrvm;&Sif}

uRefawmf/ /],HkMunfygawmhAsm}
r/ /]pdwfcs&awmhrvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]pdwfcsygawmh cifAsm}
r/ /]udkif; 'gjzifh a&mh? a[m'Daowåmuav;udk rpöwmbem*sDUvufodkU a&mufatmif onf,aeU ydkYay;yg&Sif?
owdxm;aemf? txJrSm tzkd;wefypönf;awG ygw,f? NyD;awmhvJ rpöwmbem*sDudk olUuwdtwkdif; eHeuf 6 em&Dudk
a&mufatmifvmygvdkU ajymvkdufyg&Sif}
[k ajymí 6 vufr ywfvnfcefU&Sdaom puúLaowåmi,fwpfckudk uRefawmfhtm; ay;tyfav&m uRefawmfonf
aowåmudk udkifrdonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf t&G,fESifh rvkdufatmif av;vHonfh taMumif;udk od&Sd&av\/ xkdtcg
a&TOa'gif;
uRefawmfrSm þZmwf½IyfBuD;twGif;ü ]bkrod brod} yg0ifrdonfhtwGuf pdwfav;vsuf &SdcJhav\/ taMumif;udk

qkdaomf uRefawmf\ tusÐtwGif;tdwfü tvGefw&m ta&;BuD;vSaom pmcsKyfBuD;wpfckudk okd0Sufí xm;&onfh
tjyif ,ckwpfzef rnfonfht&m0w¬KrsdK;rod? tzkd;rsm;pGm xkdufwefonfqkdaom txkyfi,fwpfckudk vufcH
odrf;ydkuf&jyefacsNyD/ okdU&mwGif xkdtcsdefonfum; aemufodkUqkwf&ef tcsdefr[kwfojzifh uRefawmfonf txkyfi,f
udk vufcH&&SdaMumif; vufrSwfa&;xkd; ay;tyfcJhNyD;vQif rpöufcsufwm*sDtm; EIwfqufí ¤if;\ tBuHay;csuft&
bem*sD\ tdrfokdU um;wpfpD;ESifh xGufvmcJhav\/
bem*sD\tdrfokdU a&mufaomtcg om;tzESpfa,mufwkdUonf tcef;wGif;ü uRefawmfhtm; arQmfvifhapmifhqkdif;vsuf
&SdMu&m bem*sDBuD;onf uRefawmfhudk jrifvQif pdwftm;BuD;aom trlt&mESifh xkdif&mrSxí txkyfi,fudk vSrf;,l
NyD;vQif aus;Zl;rsm;pGm BuD;vSaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdav\/ xkdtcg uRefawmfonf txkyfi,fudk uRefawmfha&SUwGif
zGifhvSpfMunfh½Ivdrfhrnf[k arQmfvifhvsuf &Sd&m bem*sDonf txkyfi,fudk vufwGifxm;í MunfhNyD;vQif zGifhvSpfjcif;
rjyKbJ pm;yGJay:ü csxm;NyD;aemuf aumfzDwpfcGufudk udk,fwkdifazsmfí uRefawmfhtm; ay;vsuf ...
*sD / /]0rf;aEG;oGm;atmif aumfzDylylav; wpfcGufaomufprf;ygOD;Asm? NyD;awmh cifAsm;ESifh pum;uav; enf;enf;
ajymp&mvJ &Sdygao;w,f}
uRefawmf/ /]tdrfa&SUrSm um;apmifhaew,fAs}
*sD / /]vTwfvkdufygAsm? usKyf um;ESifh vkdufykdUygr,f}
[k ajymNyD;vQif ¤if;\om;tm; um;armif;orm;udk tcay;í vTwfvkduf&efajymav\/
xkdtcg uRefawmfonf txkyfi,fü yg&Sdaom t&m0w¬Kudk jrif&acsOD;awmhrnf[k arQmfvifhojzifh tenf;i,f

0rf;omvQuf ukvm;xdkifwGif xkdifNyD;vQif bem*sDay;aom aumfzDudk aomufvkduf&m aumfzDonf tvGefcg;onf
jzpfaomaMumifh aumfzDrIefUrsm;vGef;vSonf[k atmufarhrdav\/ okdU&mwGif twefi,f csrf;at;onfjzpfí
uRefawmfonf ylaEG;apjcif;tvkdUiSm aumfzDcGufudk ukefatmif aomufcsvkduf&m cGufü aumfzDukefonfESifh
wpfNydKifeuf uRefawmf\ wpfudk,fvHk;onf &Sdef;ceJ ylí oGm;NyD;vQif aemufwpfcPüum; ckdufckdufwkefatmif csrf;í
vmcJhav\/ xkdtcgrS uRefawmfonf aumfzD rlrrSefonfh taMumif;udk&dyfrdí
]onf ... onfaumfzD raumif;bl; xifw,fAsm? uRefawmf ... tqdyfygw,f xifw,f}
[k wkefwkef&D&D xpfxpfttESifh ajymrdNyD;aemuf uRefawmfonf ukvm;xkdifrS x&ef BudK;pm;av&m taMumwkdUonf

wpfudk,fvHk; qkdif;vsuf &Sdonf jzpfaomaMumifh rxEkdifbJ &Sdav\/ uRefawmf\ rsufpdwkdUrSmvnf; jymí
ukefNyDjzpfaomaMumifh rjrifruef;ESifh avudkzrf;vsuf&Sd&m uRefawmf\ em;xJü w0D0Dw0kef;0kef; w*sHK;*sHK;w'kdif;'kdif;
ESifh Mum;&NyD;aemuf bem*sD\ &ufpufpGm &,farmvkdufaom toHudk Mum;vkduf&onfwGif uRefawmfrSm rSm;jcif;BuD;
rSm;onfudk od&Sd&av\/
xkdtcg uRefawmfonf atmf[pf&ef BudK;pm;jyef&m uRefawmf\vQmonf tmacgifwGif uyfvsuf cGmr&atmif
&Sdojzifh ratmfEkdifbJ&Sdav\/ ¤if;aemuf uRefawmfonf &SdorQ cGeftm;udk ñSpfxkwfí xkdif&mrS xrnf jyKyg
aomfvnf; xEkdifrnfudk rqkdxm;bd? vufwpfzufudkrQ ajr§mufyifhjcif;iSm rpGrf;EkdifbJ ½kwfw&uf cGeftm; ukefcrf;
vsuf &Sdav\/ xkdUaemuf rSdwfvkrwwf&Sdaom rsufpdrsm;udk tm;cJí zGifhMunfhvkduf&m bem*sD\ &ufpufaom
rsufESmonf NyHK;&,fvsuf&Sdonfudk aemufqHk;tBudrf awGUjrifvkduf&NyD;aemuf tolw&meufaom acsmufxJokdU ypfcs
vkdufbdouJhokdU rJrJrkdufrkdufjzpfNyD;vQif owdarhavsmh ajrmepfí oGm;av\/
uRefawmfonf rnfrQavmuf Mumatmif epfajrmvsuf&Sdí xkdtawmtwGif;ü rnfokdUjzpfysufvsuf&Sdonfudk rod&Sd

EkdifcJhacs/ owd&vmojzifh rsufpdrsm;udk zGifhíMunfhvkdufaomtcg aerif;\ ta&mifonf MunfvifpGm xGef;awmuf
vsuf &Sdonfudk awGUjrif&NyD;vQif uRefawmfonf at;pufrmaMumaom t&m0w¬Kwpfckay:ü yufvufvefvsuf
&Sdaeonfhtjzpfudk od&av\/ ¤if;aemuf aocsmpGm Munfh½Ijyefonfhtcg tcef;\ eH&Honf rSefrsm;jzifh um&Hvsuf
&Sdonfudk vnf;aumif;? trdk;onfvnf; xkdenf;wlpGm tvif;a&mif 0ifEkdifapjcif;iSm rSefrsm; wyfqif vsuf
&Sdonfudk vnf;aumif; awGUjrif&onfhjyif ESmacgif;rSvnf; aq;eHUwkdUudk ½I½Iduf&onfjzpfaomaMumifh uRefawmfrSm
aq;½HkBuD;twGif; &ifcGJ½Hkü qkdufa&mufvsuf &SdaMumif;udk od&Sd&av\/ uRefawmftm; aoqHk;NyD xifrSwfí &ifcGJ½Hkü
wifxm;jcif;jzpfavonf/
xkdtjcif;t&mudk od&SdonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf uRefawmfonf pm;yGJay:ü aigufceJ xíxkdifNyD;vQif uRefawmf\
udk,fudk iHkUíMunfh&m t0wfwkdUrSm &THUEGHrsm; ayusHvsuf pufqkyfzG,f &Sdaeonfhjyif qHyifrSmvnf; aoGUacsmufaom
&THUcJwkdUaMumifh tpdkiftcJjzpfíaeonfh tjzpfudk awGU&Sd&av\/ xkdcPü q&m0efBuD;onf ¤if;\ wynfh
wpfa,mufESihf tcef;wGif;okdU 0ifvm&m uRefawmfxkdifaeonfudk jrifojzifh vefUíoGm;MuNyD;rS ao&mu
&Sifvmaomol [lí vufudkqGJum 0rf;omaMumif; ajymMuav\/
¤if;aemuf q&m0efBuD;onf b&ef'Dtenf;i,fudk uRefawmfhtm; aomufapí pGwfjyKwfwpfcGufudkvnf; ay;&m
uRefawmfonf ¤if;wkdUudk aomufNyD;aemuf tm;tif jynfhwif;vmonfESifh uRefawmfhtm; taumufBuHaom
ukvm;om;tzwkdUudk aqmvsifpGm vufpm;acstHh[k atmufarhí q&m0efBuD;tm; EIwfqufNyD;vQif ykvdyfXmemokdU
vefjcm;wpfpD;ESifh xGufvmcJhav\/ vefjcm;ukvm;vnf; uRefawmf\ tajctaeudk jrifaomtcg vufrcHvkd
aMumif;ESifh jiif;y,fvsuf&Sd&m tusÐtdwfü uyfvsuf&Sdaom aiG 1 usyfudk xkwfí t&ifay;aomtcgrS XmemokdU
qGJoGm;av\/
XmemokdU a&mufaomtcg uRefawmfonf wkdifcsufay;rnf[k Xmemtkyfudk apmifhqkdif;vsuf &SdpOf jyu©'defwpfckudk
vSrf;íMunfhrd&m uRefawmf epfajrmaom aeUonf we*FaEGaeU jzpfí xkdaeUrSm Ak'¨[l;aeU jzpfaMumif;awGUjrif&ojzifh
uRefawmfrSm ESpf&ufvHk;vHk; epfajrmvsuf &SdcJhaMumif; tHhMopGmESifh od&Sd&av\/
Xmemtkyfa&mufvmaomtcg uRefawmfonf uRefawmf\ tjzpftysufrsm;udk wkdifwef;ajymqkdav&m yxrü
Xmemtkyfonf uRefawmfajymonfrsm;udk tenf;i,fa&;om;NyD;vQif? aemufqHk;ü uavmifwHudkudkifvsuf r,HkMunf
aom rsufESmxm;ESifh uRefawmfhtm; cyfNyHK;NyHK;vkyfí Munfhaeav\/ xkdtcg uRefawmfonf cGeftm;enf;vsufyif
&Sdao;onf jzpfí þuJhokdU jyKusifhonfudk pdwfwkdaom trlt&mESifh aigufief;vsuf&SdpOf tcef;wHcg;onf yGifhvmí
bem*sD\ tdrfü oduRrf;cJhzl;aom bmblcsE´&monf rnfonfhudpöESifh vma&mufonfudk awG;awmtHhMovsuf &Sd&m
csE´&monf uRefawmf\ thHMoaom rsufESmxm;udk jrifonfESihf &,farmum teD;okdU csOf;uyfNyD;vQif uRefawmf\
vufudk udkifqGJvsuf
]uREfkyfudk onfrSm awGUwm tHhMoaeovm;? uREkfyfu pHkaxmufbufqkdif&m tifpydwfawmfyJ}
uRefawmf/ /]cifAsm;u pHkaxmufvm;? olaX;BuD;qkd}
csE´&m;/ /]pHkaxmufqkdwmrsdK;[m tck olaX;BuD; ? awmfawmfMum olawmif;pm;? awmfawmfMum ukefonfBuD;?
onfvkd trsdK;rsdK; vSnfhjzpfaewmrsdK;uvm;As? awGU&wm 0rf;omoAs? uREfkyfrSm cifAsm; wpfa,muf r&Sd&Smbl;vkdU
atmufarhrdw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]r&Sd&Sm&mu &Sd&Smvm&jyefw,fAs? cifAsm;awG;wJh twkdif;yJ? uHaumif;vkdU raow,f}
[k ajymNyD;aemuf uRefawmfonf tjzpftysufrsm;udk wpfzefjyefí ajymjyav\/ uRefawmf\ pum;tqHk;ü ...
csE´&m;/ /]tdEd´,wpfjynfvHk;rSm emrnfBuD;NyD;vmcJhwJh olckd;BuD;vufwGif;u cifAsm;vGwfNyD; vmcJhwm tifrwef
uHaumif;w,fAsm}
a&TOa'gif;
uRefawmf/ /]b,fhES,fAs? bem*sDu olckd;vm;}

csE´&m;/ /]olckd;vJ [kwfw,f? "m;jyvJ [kwfw,f? jyefay;q&mBuD;vJ [kwfw,f}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfuJhvm;Asm? ajymprf;ygOD;Asm? Mum;yg&ap}
xkdtcg bmblcsE´&m;onf pm;yGJ\tpGef;wGif xkdifvsuf bem*sD\ taMumif;rsm;udk jyefajymif;ajymqkdav\/

umvuwåm;? bHkab? r'&yf tp&Sdaom NrdKUBuD;rsm;ü ¤if;bem*sDonf wkdufckdufcdk;0Sufjcif; tBuD;tus,fwkdUudk
q&mBuD;vkyfí pDrHvmcJh&m ¤if;\wynfhi,fom;wkdUudk &Hzef&Hcg vuf&zrf;rdaomfvnf; ykvdyfwkdUonf ¤if;
yg0ifonfhtaMumif;udk oufaoom"u vHkavmufatmif razmfjyEkdifonfjzpfaomaMumifh rnfokdUrQ rwwfEkdifbJ
&SdcJhaMumif;/ okdU&mwGif ¤if;yg0ifonfh taMumif;udkrl wyftyfod&Sd&aMumif;/ okdUjzpf&mü ykvdyfwkdUonf ¤if;tm;
txl;*½kpdkufí apmifhMuyfMunfh½IcJh&m xkdtaMumif;udk bem*sD &dyfrdonfESifh tawmftwef ajcBuHKUí jrefrmjynfokdU
pm;aygufpm;vrf;topf zGifhvSpf&ef vma&mufcJhjcif;jzpfaMumif;/ bem*sDwkdUvlpk jrefrmjynfokdU qkdufa&muf
vmaMumif;udk tdEd´,jynf ykvdyfrsm;xHrS oHBudK;ESifh taMumif;Mum;vkdufonfjzpfí pHkaxmufbufqkdif&mu bem*sD
udk apmifhMuyfMunfh½I&ef pHkaxmuf tifpydwfawmf bmblcsE´&m;tm; wm0efvTJí xm;cJhaMumif;/ xkdtcg csE´&m;onf
rdrdukd,fudk olaX;BuD; wpfa,muftoGif [efaqmifNyD;vQif bem*sDESifh todtuRrf;jzpfatmif aygif;oif;qufqHí
¤if;\tdrfü rdwfaqGwpfa,muftjzpfESifh0ifxGufoGm;vmvsuf&SdcJhaMumif;/ okdU&mwGif wHcg;udk rMumcP aq;a&mif
ajymif;vJ okwfvdrf;jcif;rSwpfyg; tjcm;rouFmp&mtjcif;t&mwkdUudkrawGU&SdcJh&aMumif;/ rMumrDtwGif; csmwmbPf
wkdufrS aiGudkifpma&; ukvm;vlrsdK;wpfa,muf aysmufjcif;rvSaysmufqHk;íoGm;onfwGif bem*sDwkdUvlpk\ vufcsuf
jzpfonf[k ouFmruif;&SdaMumif;/ okdU&mwGif bem*sD\ aetdrfudk txift&Sm; &SmazGcJhrl bem*sDonf ajymif;a&TUí
oGm;rnfudk pkd;&drf&ojzifh r&SmazGbJ ta0;rSomvQif apmifhMuyfMunfh½Ivsuf &SdaecJh&aMumif;/ aiGudkifpma&;rSm Oyg,f
wrnfESifh xkdtdrftwGif; aoG;aqmifac:iif owfjzwfNyD;vQif tzdk;wef&S,f,m vufrSwfrsm;udk ,liif vkdufonf[k
ykvdyfwkdUu xifjrifoabm&&SdaMumif;/ vGefcJhonfh we*FaEGtywfwGifrS ykvdyfwkdUonf bem*sD\ tdrfokdU
oGm;a&mufí jypfrIwpfpHkwpf&m usL;vGefrnfh txdrf;trSwfudk awGU&SdrnftxifESifh &SmazGcJhaMumif;/ vQdKU0Sufaom
pmcsKyfudk &SmazGonf qkdonfrSm ykvdyfwkdUu ÓPfqifjcif;rQ jzpfaMumif;/ pifppftm;jzifhrlum; ¤if;wkdUonf aiGudkif
pma&;tm; owfjzwfonfh txdrf;trSwf wpfpHkwpf&mudkomvQif &SmazGjcif;rQ jzpfaMumif;rsm;ESifh ajymqkdav\/
¤if;aemuf ...
csE´&m;/ /]'gxuf cifAsm;udk pm&GufawG tyfxm;w,fvkdU uREkfyfwkdU Mum;ygw,f? jyprf;Asm? bmpm&GufawGvJ}
[k ar;ojzifh uRefawmfonf uRefawmf\ tusÐtdwfwGif prf;oyfMunfh½I&m ,cifu pmtdwfrSm twGif;tdwfü
awGU&Sdojzifh xkwf,lí csE´&m;tm; ay;tyfav\/ csE´&m;onf pmtdwfudk azmufNyD;aemuf twGif;rS pm&Gufrsm;udk
EIwf,lMunfh½I&m ¤if;wkdUrSm bem*sDajymqkdaom tzdk;wef pmcsKyfBuD;r[kwf/ 0w¬KpmtkyfwpftkyfrS qkwfí,lxm;aom
pm&Gufrsm;jzpfaMumif;udk omvQif awGU&Sd&av\/ xkdtcg ...
csE´&m;/ /]usKyfvJ txifom;uyJ? cifAsm;udk olwkdUu ,HkMunfcsifa,mifaqmifNyD; onfpm&GufawGudk pmcsKyfvkyfNyD;
tyfxm;wmudk;As? olwkdUtBuHu b,fvkdvJqkdawmh cifAsm;udk olwkdUu ,HkMunfcsifa,mifaqmifNyD;
ta&;BuD;wJhudpörsm;rSm ckdif;apcJhvkdU&SdvQif cifAsm;u udk,fhudk ,HkMunfwJhtwGuf tm;emNyD; aqmif&Gufay;atmifvkdU
,Hkcsifa,mifaqmifjcif;jzpfw,fAs? ÓPfawmh awmfawmfoGm;yg&JU? okdUaomf rpöufcsufwm*sD wpfa,mufudk
olwkdUoGm;NyD; ESyfwmu enf;enf; twGufvGJoGm;w,f}
uRefawmf/ /]b,fvkd ESyfyHkvJAsm}
csE´&m;/ /]onfvkdAs? bem*sDu pdefukefonfa,mifaqmifNyD; rpöcsufwm*sDqDu vuf0wfvufpm;rsm;udk
0,f,lw,f? 0,f,lNyD; aiGacsawmh b,fvkdacsrvJ? aiGudkifpma&;qDu ckd;,lxm;wJh tzkd;wefpuúLawGESifh acsw,f?
NyD;awmh cifAsm;udk vuf0wfvufpm;awG ,lbkdU apvTwfua&m? onfawmh cifAsm;u rpöcsufwm*sD qDudk pmESifh
oGm;NyD;ykdU/ bem*sDvufudk tyf? bem*sDUtBuHu onf[mawG &vQif eHeufapmapm oabFmESifh b*Fvm;udk ajy;zkdUudk;
As? okdUaomf onfudpörSm cifAsm;u atmifoG,fjzpfwJhtwGuf aemifcg oufaoxGufrSm pkd;avawmh cifAsm;udk
tqHk;pD&ifzkdU tBuHESifh tqdyfcyfNyD; owfvdkufwmudk;As? owfNyD; aoNyDrSwfvkdU tavmif;ukd uefawmfBuD;xJ ypfcs?
uHtm;avsmfpGm ykvdyfwpfa,mufu cifAsm;t0wfpudk jrifwmESifh uefawmfBuD;xJu qnfNyD; cifAsm;udk &ifcGJ½HkydkU?
&ifcGJ½HkurS cifAsm; raobJESifh jyef&SifvmcJhwm r[kwfvm;Asm? okdUaomf cifAsm;u bem*sDxufawmh
ukokdvfaumif;ygao;&JUAsm}
uRefawmf/ /]b,fvkd ukokdvfaumif;yHkvJAs? bem*sD bmjzpfvkdUvJ}
csE´&m;/ /]rpöufcsufwm*sDu omrnyk*d¾Kvf r[kwfbl;As? tdE´d,jynfu vQdKU0SufwJh e[Dvpftoif;om;
wpfa,mufyJ? bem*sDvnf; [kdwkef;u toif;om;jzpfzl;w,fvkdU Mum;w,f? aemufrS toif;udk ykefuefNyD;
olxGufypfvkdufw,fvkdU Mum;w,f? toif;Oya'uvJ toif;u xGufwJhvlrsm;udk touft&Sif rxm;bl;As?
'gaMumifh bem*sDudk toif;om;rsm;u b,fenf;ESifh owf&yghrvJvkdU BuHpnfNyD; aewkef; bem*sDu
jcaoFhcHwGif;xJudk oGm;NyD;0ifw,f? onfawmh rpöufcsufwm*sD b,fhES,fvkyfovJ? vuf0wfvufpm;udk ray;bJESifh
txkyfxJudk Ekdufx½kd*vkdifqa&mifqkdwJh "mwfawGudk xnfhay;vkdufwmudk;As? onf"mwfu csKyfxm;wJhBudK;udk
ajzvkdufvQif wpfcgwnf; aygufNyD; uGJwmudk;As}
uRefawmf/ /]uHaumif;vkdUAsm? uRefawmfha&SUrSm ajzrMunfhayvkdUom ? 'gxuf bem*Ds aoa&mhvm;}
csE´&m;/ /]aovm;? raovm;awmh rqkdEkdifbl;? olUukd wpfykdif;pD aumufNyD; ,l&w,f? olaoNyD;wJhaemufrS
tdrfatmufrSm ajrwkdufwpfckawGUvkdU ajrwkdufxJrSm aiGudkifpma&;&JU tavmif;udk awGUwmudk;As? vu©Pmawmh
bem*sDorD;u pma&;udk aoG;aqmifNyD; ac:vmcJh[efwlw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]bem*sDorD;u i,fi,fuav; &Sdygao;uvm;As}
csE´&m;/ /]ti,f r[kwfbl;As? tBuD;ajymwm}
uRefawmf/ /]b,frSm orD;tBuD; &Sdao;vkdUvJAsm}
csE´&m;/ /]cifAsm; pmoifay;aewJh bem*sDuav; qkdwm orD;tBuD;ayghAs? a,mufsm;vkd 0wfNyD;xm;w,f}
uRefawmf/ /]aMomf onfvkdudk;? EkdU aeygOD;? olaum bmjzpfoGm;ovJ}
csE´&m;/ /]txkyfudk ajzwJhtcgrSm olu tem;rSm &Sdavawmh 'Pf&mawG &NyD; aq;½HkydkUvkdufwm raeUuyJ
ao&Smw,f? orD;ti,fuav;awmh onfab;u vGwfoGm;&Smw,f? tapcHwpfa,mufudkvJ rouFmvkdU zrf;NyD;
ppfawmh tukefazmfNyD; ajymwmudk;As? vufpowfawmh tcef;udk aq;a&miftrsdK;rsdK; ajymif;vJNyD; okwfwJh t"dyÜm,f
u tjyifrSm&SdwJh olwkdUvlpkudk tcsufay;wmudk;As? tdrfxJ0ifNyD; wkdifyifvkdU &SdaevQif ykvdyfu &dyfrdrSmpkd;vkdU ta0;u
aeNyD; bem*sDu tcsufay;&wm}
uRefawmf/ /]EkdU rpöufcsufwm*sDaum cifAsm}
csE´&m;/ /]vefuufpwmvrf;ukd uREfkyf raeUu a&mufawmh b*Fvm;ukd jyefoGm;NyDwJh? okdUaomf uREfkyfwm0ef
ukefNyD? b*Fvm;u ykvdyfwm0efyJ &Sdawmhw,f? Oya't&rSmawmh rpöufcsufwm*sD[m vlowfrIayghAs? okdUaomf
bem*sDwpfa,mufudk jzKwfypfvkdufwmawmh ykvdyfawG wm0efBuD;wpfck at;oGm;wmyJAs}
¤if;aemuf bmblcsE´&m;onf ¤if;\aetdrfokdU tm;vyfonfhtcg vma&mufvnfywf&ef uRefawmfhudk zdwfMum;í

¤if;\ vdyfpmrsm;udk ay;NyD;vQif tjyifokdU xGufoGm;av\/ aemufwpfaeUü uRefawmfonf vrf; 40 &Sd
a&TOa'gif;
bmblcsE´&m;\ aetdrfokdU oGm;a&mufvnfywf&m t&yfcyfjrifhjrifh ydefyefyg;yg; &Sdaom jrefrmwpfa,mufonf

owif;pmzwfvsuf &Sdonfudk awGUojzifh bmblcsE´&m; r&Sdygoavm[k ar;jref;&m xkdolu rdrdrSm ,reffaeUu
bmblcsE´&m;jzpfí ,aeUrSm armifpH&Sm; jzpfaMumif;ESihf ajymojzifh rsm;pGm tHhMordav\/ xkdaeUrSpí uRefawmfonf
armifpH&Sm;ESifh &if;ESD;pGm oduRrf;cJhNyD;vQif wpfaeUxuf wpfaeU? wpfacgufxuf wpfacguf ykdrkdí tuRrf;0if
cJhonfjzpfaomaMumifh aemufqHk;wpfaeUü ¤if;\ aetdrfokdU ajymif;a&TUum twlwuG aexkdifcJhMuav\/
NyD;ygNyD/
______
28/ £wd¬,okduform; wpfa,muftrI

(rl&if;rSm The Illustrious Client jzpfonf/ pHkaxmufarmifpH&Sm; aygif;csKyfrsm;wGif razmfjy&ao;aom
0w¬Kwpfyk'fjzpfonf/ þ0w¬Ktpydkif; tenf;i,frSm rl&if;r*¾Zif; pmtkyfwGif aysmufaeojzifh awGU&oavmufudkom
azmfjyvkdufygonf/ 0w¬Ktrnfudk þpmtkyfpDpOfolu ay;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/)
('Dwpfyk'fu tpydkif; aysmufaevkdU pmtkyfrSm ygwJhajz&Sif;csufudk jyeful;ay;vkdufwmyg/

zwf&wJholawG uoduatmuf jzpfaerSmpkd;vkdUyg/ ta&SUydkif; enf;enf; vGwfaeayr,fh 0w¬K&JU t&om
rysufygbl;&Sif/ - ZDwm)
______
.....
]wu,facsmvkdU emrnfausmfcJhw,f qkd&if olESifh rBudKufbl;wm r&Sdoavmufawmif ajymMuyguvm; cifAs? rdef;r
wpfa,muf zsufqD;zkdU[m olUrSm bmrS OD;rav;avawmh ajymwJhtwkdif; [kwfvJ [kwfyHk ay:aew,f cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]onfvkd taumifESifh cifrdrdESifh b,fvkdrsm; awGUoGm;MuovJAsm}

armif / /]ajrydkifolaX; OD;bkd;wmu vGefcJhwJh oHk;av;vavmufu oefvsifbufrSm oabFmpif;vHk;iSm;NyD; aysmfyGJpm;
xGufMuygava&m cifAsm? onfwkef;u NrdKUay:u *kPftoa&&Sd vlBuD;vlaumif;awG tm;vHk;vkdvkdyJ zdwfMum;w,f?
armifbq,fu twGif;oabm b,fvkdyif qkd;aomfvnf; vlaygif;olaygif; tifrwef aumif;avawmh zdwfMum;wJh
txJrSm olvnf; ygw,fcifAsm? OD;ouf&SnfwkdU rdom;pkvnf; ygw,fcifAs? onftcgwkef;u awGUoGm;MuNyD;
armifbq,fu ÓPf&Sdoavmuf avSmfcwfavawmh orD;&nf;pm;tjzpfodkU a&mufMu½HkrQru cifrdrdu tifrwef
tpGJtvef;BuD;NyD; rdbrsm;u tenf;enf;ESifh zsufwmawmif r&ygbl;cifAsm? vlBuD;rsm;u oabmwlcsifwl
rwlcsifae onfvukefvkdU a&SUvqef;&if rdbrsm; ray;pm;&ifvJ armifbq,faemufudk vkdufawmhr,fwJh cifAsm?
rdef;uav;uvJ t*FvdyfpmwwfvkdU pdwfcyfxufxuf jzpfavawmh tifrwefacgif;rmNyD; rdbrsm;rSm b,fenf;ESifhrS
rBuHwwfatmif jzpfaeMu&Smygw,f cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]rEÅav;wkef;u trItaMumif;udk cifrdrd rodbl;vm;}
armif / /]onftrItaMumif;udkvnf; armifbq,fu olUtjypfr[kwf? uHqkd;onfhtwGuf tpkd;&u r[kwfrw&m;
vnfqnfNyD; zrf;qD;ppfaq;jcif;jzpf&aMumif;ESifh ÓPfqifNyD; ,HkMunfavmufatmif ajymxm;ESifhavawmh olUpum;
em;0ifNyD; b,folajymvkdUrS em;r0ifygbl; cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]onftrI[m cifAsm; vufxJ b,fhES,fa&mufovJ}
armif / /]onfvkdygcifAsm? uRefawmfh arG;ozcifESihf OD;ouf&SnfESifh[mu tifrwefcspfMuwJh rdwfaqG
oli,fcsif;jzpfavawmh uRefawmfu olwkdUtdrfrSm oGm;vm0ifxGufNyD; aecJhrdygw,f? wpfaeUoüawmh cifrdrd&JU rdcif
a':at;jru uRefawmfhudk wluav; om;uav;udk atmufarhNyD; wkdifyif&rJhvl&,fvkdU oabm&avawmh
wkdifyif&Smygw,f? wkdifyifwJhtcgrSm uRefawmfu onftrI[m ykvdyfta&;ykdifwJh trIrsdK;r[kwfvkdU ykvdyfudk
wkdifvkdUvJ tusdK;r&Sd? okdUaomf OD;pH&Sm; wpfa,muf[mjzifh ,ckvkd odrfarGUwJhtrIrsdK;rSm wkdifyifMunfh&&if
ae&musp&m&Sdw,fvkdU uRefawmf tBuHay;wJhtwkdif; oabmwlNyD; trnfemrudk wwfEkdiforQ vQdKU0SufNyD; wkdifyifyg
a&TOa'gif;
avawmhvkdU tcGifhjyKonfhtavsmuf vma&muf wkdifyif&jcif; jzpfygw,fcifAsm? tzkd;tcrSmawmh uReffawmf\ wm0ef

yJ &Sdygap? wwfEkdifoavmuf BudK;pm;NyD; aqmif&Gufawmfrlyg cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]aumif;ygNyDAsm? 'gxuf taMumif;BuD;i,f &SdvkdU cifAsm;ESifh awGUcsifvQif b,frSm awGUEkdifovJ}
armif / /]yef;qkd;wef;vrf; ? wkdufeHygwf 46? w,fvDzkef;eHygwf 1249 ? wqdwfa&;í rSwfvkdufygcifAsm}
&S m;/ /]armifbq,fuaum b,frSmaeovJ}
armif / /]NrdKUywfvrf;? eHuifa[mufpf qkdaom tdrfBuD;rSm aeygw,f? 'Dvlu pD;yGm;&SmwJh t&mXmerSm awmfawmf
ÓPfoGm;wJhvl cifAs? 'gaMumifhvJ olESifh zufNydKif&wm awmfawmfcJ,Of;w,f}
&S m;/ /],ck oltdrfrSm &Sdyghrvm;}
armif / /]&Sdygw,f}
&S m;/ /]olUtaMumif;ukd cifAsm; onfhjyif bmrsm; odao;ovJ}
armif / /]NydKifjrif;rsm;vnf; arG;w,fcifAs? abmvHk;vnf; uefwwfw,f? wif;epfvJ upm;wwfw,f? twkdif;wkdif;
tjynfjynfu ckESpf ouú&mZf trsdK;rsdK;ESifh'*Fg;a[mif;rsm; ukdvnf; pkwwfw,fvkdU uRefawmf Mum;zl;ygw,f cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]ukdif;? awmfygNyDAsm? cifAsm; rdwfaqG OD;ouf&Snfudkvnf; usKyf wwfEkdiforQ BudK;pm;NyD; aqmif&GufygrnfvkdU
ajymvkdufygawmh}
armifcspfarmif jyefoGm;aomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf ukvm;xkdif tvGwfwpfckay:wGif ajcwifNyD;vQif rdrdaq;wHukd

twefMumatmif aomufzGmvsuf&Sd&m uRefawmfrSm uRefawmf&Sdonfudk owdr&ava&mhovm;[k atmufarhrdav\/
aemufqHk;ü aq;wHukd csxm;í
&S m;/ /]b,fhES,fvJ udkodef;armif? bmrsm; xifjrifcsufay;azmf &ao;ovJ}

uRefawmf/ /]uRefawmfhtxifjzifh cifrdrdudk cifAsm; udk,fwkdif oGm;awGzkdU vkdw,fvkdU xifayw,fAsm}
&S m;/ /][kwfyghrvm;Asm? trda&m tza&m aeUa&mnOfUyg wwGwfwGwfvkdU em;oGif;vkdUrS r&wm? usKyfvkd olpdrf;
wpfa,mufu cPuav;oGm;NyD;ajymvkdU em;0ifEkdifyghrvm; udkodef;armif&,f? cifAsm; ajymwJh tBuHvnf; oifhawmh
oifhyg&JU? okdUaomf usKyfenf;avmuf ae&mrusaybl;xifw,f? usKyfxifjrifcsufuawmh 'DtrI[m atmufvrf;
bkd;xGm; ESifh oufqkdifwJh trIvkdU usKyfxifw,f}
atmufvrf;bkd;xGm;qkdaomolrSm ckd;rIESifhwpfBudrf? vdrfvnfrIESifh wpfBudrf? axmif'Pftjypf&NyD;aemuf
axmifrSvGwfvmaom tcgü NrdKUay:wGif &Sdaom bdef;orm;? rmzD;,m;orm;? uwfaMu;ukduf "m;jyrSpí vlqkd;olckd;
trsdK;rsdK;wkdUESihf aygif;oif;qufqHcJhNyD;vQif atmufwef;pm;vlrsdK;wkdU\ taMumif;ukd aumif;aumif;BuD;odí
uRefawmf\ rdwfaqG pHkaxmufBuD;armifpH&Sm;ü &Hzef&Hcg taxmuftyHh rsm;pGm &&SdcJhonfjzpfí atmufvrf;bkd;xGm;
[k uRefawmfwkdUtcsif;csif; trnfay;íxm;jcif;jzpfayonf/ ¤if;bkd;xGm;onf raumif;rIjyKusifhjcif;ü aemifw
aumif;pGm &cJhonfjzpfí armifpH&Sm;\ vpmudk pm;NyD;vQif vltrsdK;rsdK;wkdUESifh a&maESmí ¤if;tvkd&Sdonfh
owif;rsm;ukd axmufvSrf;pHkprf;í ay;wwfavonf/ ,ciftcgu jypfcsuf&zl;onfh t&SdefaMumifh vlqkd;wkdUonf
¤if;tay:ü ouFm,eruif; r&SdcJhMuacs/
uRefawmfonf uRefawmf\ udpötenf;i,f aqmif&Guf&ef &Sdojzifh ¤if;trIü armifpH&Sm; pDrHyHkrsm;udk

ukd,fwkdifrvkdufygEkdifbJ &SdcJh&m aemufwpfaeUnaewGifrS &GdKif&,f[kdw,fü armifpH&Sm;ESihf tcsdef;tcsufay;í csdef;qkd
Muav\/ vufzuf&nfaomufMu&if; trItaMumif;ESihf ywfoufí armifpH&Sm;u ajymjyonfrSm
&S m;/ /]usKyfwkdUvl bkd;xGm;uawmhjzifh vkdufav&UJAsdKU? vlwpfa,muf&JU raumif;owif;ukd odcsifvQif bkd;xGm;

vufudkom tyfvkduf? pkwfpkwfyJhyJh raumif;owif;rSeforQudk BudKBudKMum;Mum; vkdufNyD; &SmwwfwJh vlwpfa,mufyJ}
uRefawmf/ /]odNyD;owif;avmufudkrS cifrdrd r,HkMunfcJhvkdU &SdvQif aemufxyfNyD; pHkprf;vkdU odayrJh r,HkMunfawmh
b,fhES,fvkyfrvJAsm}
&S m;/ /]rdef;rwkdU pdwfoabmqkdwm tifrwef cufoAs? vlowfrIBuD;wpfckvHk;udk ta&;rBuD;oavmufjzpfatmif
tajymaumif;cJhvQif ,kHcsif,HkwmyJAs? bmr[kwfwJh tjypfuav;usvQif olwkdU ta&;BuD;csif BuD;aewmyJ?
armifbq,f uvJ ajymw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]tvkd ... cifAsm; armifbq,fESifh awGUcJhNyD}
&S m;/ /]usKyfu wpfckck vkyf&vQif rsufESmcsif;qkdifNyD; awhawhwifwif vkyfwwfwJh 0goem &Sdw,f? 'gaMumifh olUudk
usKyf oGm;NyD;awGUw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]cifAsm;rSef; olu odovm;}
&S m;/ /]rodbJ aervm;Asm? usKyfu twdtvif;ajymNyD; awGUwmyJ? tm*vl wpfa,mufyJAsdKU? tajymtqkdu
om,memaysmf &SdygbdoESihf 0rf;wGif;u aumufNyD; awmfawmf aMumufp&m aumif;wJh vlwpfa,mufyJ? ½SL;½SL;&Sm;&Sm;
ESifh a'gotavQmufajymwwfwJhvl[m 'Davmufudpör&Sdbl;? EIwfuav;csdKNyD; 0rf;xJu aumufaewJhvl tifrwef
owdxm;&w,fAs}
uRefawmf/ /]qkdprf;ygOD;Asm}
&S m;/ /]usKyfudk jrifvkdU b,folb,f0gqkdwm odum&Sdao;? ysLysLiSmiSm {nfhcHNyD; cifAsm;ESifh wpfaeUaeUawmh awGU&
vdrfhr,fqkdwm arQmfvifhqJygyJwJh? cifrdrdESifhusKyfESifhcspfBudKufwJhudpörSm zsufqD;&atmifvkdU OD;ouf&Snfu cifAsm;ukd
iSm;vTwfvkdufwm r[kwfvm;wJh? usKyfu [kwfaMumif;ukd ajymawmh olu tcsdefukefrcHygESifh OD;pH&Sm;&,f wJh?
cifAsm; emrnfBuD;avorQ bmr[kwfwJhtrIuav;rSm cifAsm; 0if½IyfrdwJhtwGuf cifAsm; emrnfysufrSm cifAsm;
raMumufbl;vm; wJh? cifAsm; aqmif&GufayrJh Oyg'fom &rSmygAsm? bmrS tusdK;BuD;rSm r[kwfygbl;wJh ajcmufvkduf
csnf ao;&JUAsm? onfawmh usKyfu cifAsm; ajyma&;qkdpESifh ½kyfvu©Pmudk Munfh&wm awmfawmfÓPf&SdyHk&wJh
vlwpfa,mufygAsm? usKyfajymwmudkpOf;pm;Munfhyg? anmifjrpfwl;awmh ykwfoifOay: qkdwJh pum;yHkvnf; &Sdygw,f?
'DtBuHukd ravQmhbJ jyKNrJtwdkif; jyKr,fqkdcJhvQif cifAsm;taMumif; raumif;owif;awGukd vlrodwefbJESifh
odukefygvdrhfr,f? onfawmh &yfwef;u&yfNyD; onftBuHudkvufavQmhvkdufygawmh vkdU usKyfu awmif;yefwmudk;As?
onfawmh rif;bk&m;u [uf[ufyufyuf &,farmNyD; tHhMoyg&JUAsm? zJorm;ajymwmrsdK;vkd udk,fhzJu blus
aevsufom;ESifh avmif;aMu;awG odrf;NyD;pm;0Hhwm tHhMoyg&JUAsm wJh? usKyfudk onfvkd vSefUvkdYr&bl; wJhAs? usKyfzJu
ukvm;usaewm b,folvSefUvkdUrS usKyf rvefUbl; wJh? usKyfwkdU ESpfOD;ESpf0 cspfcifpHkrufMuvkdU vufxyfxdrf;jrm;r,fh
udpörSm pyfMum;uvlawG b,fvkdyif zsufaomfvnf; usKyfwkdU rysufbl; wJh? onfawmh usKyfvJ rysufbl;? cifrdrdvJ
rysufbl;? cifAsm; wwfEdkifzsufacsaya&mh wJhAsm}
uRefawmf/ /]'gESihf cifAsm; jyefcJh&a&mwJhvm;}
&S m;/ /]b,fhES,fvkyfrvJAs? jyefcJh&wmaygh? 'gESifh usKyfu rsufESmxm;wif;wif;xm;NyD; tdrfxJu xGufvmr,f
vkyfawmh bom;u usKyfudk vSrf;ac:wJhNyD; rEÅav;NrdKUpHkaxmuf armifboef;qkdwJhvl cifAsm;odovm;wJh ar;vkdU
a&TOa'gif;
usKyfu ig;ydwef;vufMum;xJrSm vlqkd;awG 0kdif;½kdufvkdU cg;usdK;oGm;w,fvkdU Mum;zl;aMumif; ajymawmholu tJ'D

armifboef;[mvJ 'DvkdyJ olUtxJ 0ifpGufvkdU t½kdufcH&zl;ygw,f wJh? olUtxJ0ifpGufwJhvl rSeforQjzifh wpfckck
wpf&m&m ab;awGUwwfygw,f wJh? edrdwf raumif;ygbl; wJh? 'gaMumifh 0ifrpGufzkdUtaMumif; awmif;yefyg&apAsm
wJh? ajymvkdufao;Asm}
uRefawmf/ /]tm*vlygvm;AsdKU? cifAsm;rsm;awmif ajcmufvm;vSefUvm; vkyf0HhwJhvlygvm; }
&S m;/ /]olrsm;vkd ajcmuf½HkajcmufwJh vlrsdK; r[kwfbl;As? vkyfr,fqkd wu,fvkyfwJh vlrsdK;yJ? usKyfodw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]'gjzifh cifAsm; 0ifygvdkU awmfyghrvm;Asm? cifrdrdESifh 'DtaumifESifh vGJzkdU[m wu,fyJ ta&;BuD;ovm;}
&S m;/ /]yxr r,m;BuD;ukd olwu,fowfwm rSefavawmh cifrdrdESifh vGJzkdU[m ta&;BuD;w,fAs? 'Dtjyif
wpfaMumif;uvJ ukd,fhqDvmwJh trIonfayudk;As? ukdif;Asm? 'gawG pOf;pm;raeygESifh? tdrfudk bkd;xGm;a&mufaumif;
a&mufaeyga&mhr,f? jyefMuOD;pkdUAsm}
uRefawmfwkdUonf [kdw,frS xGufvmMuí tdrfokdUa&mufaomtcg bkd;xGm;qkdaom olonf toufoHk;q,f

t&G,fcefU&Sd rdef;rwpfa,mufESifh xkdifí apmifhaeMuonfudk awGU&Sd&av\/ ¤if;rdef;rrSm i,f&G,fpOftcgu
½kyfqif;oP²mefESifh jynfhpHkzl;aomfvnf; ,ckrSmrl tvGefBuHKvSDvsuf rsufuGif;rsm; ndKaeonfjzpf&m t0wftpm;
wkdUrSmvnf; txnfaumif;yifjzpfaomfvnf; zmax;csKyfpyfíxm;&ojzihf yifyef;EGrf;e,fonfh tjzpfudk od&Sd
Ekdifay\/
uRefawmfwkdU a&mufonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf bkd;xGm;u ...
]udkif; a[mwm rodef;NrdKifygwJh cifAsm? odcsifwm&Sd olUukdom ar;ygawmh? ukdbq,ftaMumif;udk cifAsm;
tukefodw,f r[kwfvm;AsdKU rodef;NrdKif}
NrdKif / /]'Dtaumifh taMumif;awmhvm;? tlodrftlr rusefodyg&JU&Sif? 'ifhvnfrsdKudk a[m'DajcaxmufESifh reif;&rjcif;
raeao;bl;vkdU jidK;vmcJhwm MumvSNyD? 'Dwpfcg eif;&aumif;ygvm;&Sif? eif;rsm; eif;&vQifav pdpdnufnuf
aMuatmif a[m'Dvkd eif;prf;csif&JU&Sif}
[k ajymí a'goBuD;pGmESifh Murf;udk ajcESifhaqmifhí jyav\/
&S m;/ /]udkbkd;xGm;u tjzpftysufudk ajymjyNyD;NyDvm;}
NrdKif / /]ajymjyNyD;ygNyD&Sif? 'Dtaumifu rEl;reyfvkdU olUtaMumif;rod&SmwJh rdef;uav; wpfa,mufudk jzm;a,mif;NyD;
vufxyfzkdU BuHpnf&mrSm OD;pH&Sm;wkdUu zsufqD;vkdw,f? 'Dvkd r[kwfvm;}
&S m;/ /][kwfygw,f}
NrdKif / /]'Dtaumif taMumif;udk rdef;uav; em;vnfatmif ajymrjybl;vm;}
&S m;/ /]ajymNyD;NyD? ajymaomfvnf; em;r0ifbl;}
NrdKif / /]vlowfrItaMumif;aum ajymNyD;NyDvm;}
&S m;/ /]ajymNyD;NyD? 'gvJ r,Hkbl;}
NrdKif / /],Hkavmufatmif oufaorsm; rjyEkdifbl;vm;}
&S m;/ /]oufaojyzkdU cifAsm; ulnDEkdifovm;}
NrdKif / /]uRefrwpfa,mufvHk; oufaoBuD;r[kwfvm;&Sif? uRefrudk,fwkdif 'Drdef;uav;udkoGm;awGUNyD; uRefrtay:rSm

olvSnfhpm;yHkawGudk ajymjy&vQif ... }
&S m;/ /]cifAsm; vkyf0Hhyghrvm;}
NrdKif / /]bmjyKvkdU rvkyf0Hh&rvJ}
&S m;/ /]tif; prf;awmhprf;zkdUaumif;wmyJAsdKU? okdUaomfvnf; ieJu olUtjzpftysufudk wifBudKNyD; ajymxm;ESihf
avawmh cifAsm; ajymvkdU xl;rS xl;ygawmhrvm; rqkdEkdifbl;}
NrdKif / /]onfhtjyif taMumif;om olajymrSmyg&Sif? uRefrtaMumif;awmh olajym0HhrSm r[kwfygbl;? 'Dvlu tifrwef
,kwfrmwJhvl&Sifh? olUtaMumif;udk uRefravmuf aoaocsmcsm b,folrS rodbl;? olUrSm pmtkyfuav; wpftkyf
&Sdw,f}
&S m;/ /]tif; qkdygOD;Asm? bmawGrsm;vJ}
NrdKif / /]'Dvlu tifrwef xl;qef;wJhvlwpfa,mufyJ? ol zsufqD;cJhzl;wJh rdef;rrSeforQudk "mwfyHkESifhwuG pkaqmif;NyD;
olvSnfhpm;yHk? olUvuf0,fudk b,faeUb,f&ufu a&mufyHkrsm;udk trnfemrESifhwuG tw¬Kywådav;awG a&;NyD;
pkaqmif;xm;w,f&Sifh? okdUaomfvnf; onfpmtkyf taMumif;ajymvkdU tydkygyJ&Sif? &Sifvnf; &atmif ,lEkdifrSm r[kwf
ygbl;}
&S m;/ /]onfpmtkyfudk olb,frSm xm;ovJ}
NrdKif / /],ckawmh olb,frSm xm;w,f rajymwwfbl;&Sifh? uRefrESifh aewke;f uawmh tdyfcef;xJu bD½kduav;
atmufqifhrSm aomhcyfNyD; 0Sufxm;w,f? olUtdrfudk &Sifa&mufzl;&JUvm;}
&S m;/ /]'DuaeUyJ a&mufcJhygw,f}
NrdKif / /]tdyfcef;aum jrifcJhw,f r[kwfvm;? tJonftcef;xJ ckwifatmufrSm bD½kduav; &Sdw,f? bD½dkav;
atmufxyf tHqGJxJrSm xm;av&JU&Sif}
&S m;/ /]ukdif; awmfygNyDAsm rodef;NrdKif? eufjzefnae ig;em&Davmufawmh wpfacgufavQmufvmcJhayOD;awmhav?
onftawmtwGif;rSm rdef;uav;ESihf cifAsm;ESihfawGUzkdU jzpfEkdifrjzpfEkdif usKyf pOf;pm;OD;r,f? aus;Zl;wifygw,fAsm?
'DtrI ,ckvkd ulnDwJhtwGufrSmvnf; tcsnf;ESD;rjzpfap&ygbl;}
NrdKif / /]&Sdygap&Sif? aiGudk vkdcsifvkdU uRefr vmwm r[kwfygbl;? 'Dtaumif 'ku©jzpfwmudk jrif&vQif uRefr
auseyfwmygyJ? udkif; usr jyefygOD;r,f}
aemufwpfaeUü uRefawmfhrSm rtm;rvyfonfjzpfí armifpH&Sm;pDrHaqmif&GufyHkrsm;udk udk,fwkdifvkdufyg Munfh½I&ef
rwwfEkdifcJhonfjzpf&m ¤if;aeU ntcsdefrS armifpH&Sm;ESihf awGU&Sdí ¤if;xHrS atmufygtwkdif; Mum;od&av\/
]onfvkdAs? udkodef;armif&JU? rodef;NrdKifESifh cifrdrdESifh ESpfOD;qHkpnf;zkdU&mawmh tvG,fwulESihfyJ pDrHvkdUjzpfcJhayNyD?
usKyftBuHtpnfudk 0wfvHkawmf& armifcspfarmifudk ajymjyNyD; olwkdUu tqifoifhpDrHxm;&m usKyfuvJ onfu
rodef;NrdKifESifh oGm;Mua&m? aetdrfokdUa&mufawmh usKyfwkdUESpfa,mufu um;ay:uqif;NyD;tdrfay:wuf? {nfhcef;xJrSm
tcsdef;tcsuftwkdif; cifrdrd wpfa,mufwnf;yJ awGU&aya&mAsm? awmfawmfacsmwJh rdef;uav;AsdKU? jzLjzLao;ao;?
rmeu BuD;ygbdoESifh? awmfawmh vlqkdvQif usKyfu OD;atmif ESdrfvkdufwmcsnf;yJ? cifAsm;odw,f r[kwfvm;?
olwpfa,mufawmh ESdrfudk rESdrfEkdifbl;AsdKU? BuD;vkdufwJh rme? jrifhjrwfvkdufwJh oabmxm;? BuHckdifvkdufwJh pdwf?
onfrdef;uav;rsdK;rsm; onftaumifhvuf0,f a&mufvmwm tHhMovkdU rukefEkdifbl;Asm}
uRefawmf/ /]Mum;prf;yg&apOD;Asm}
a&TOa'gif;
&S m;/ /]tcef;xJudk usKyfwkdU 0ifoGm;Muawmh racsmu xkdif&muawmif rxbl;As? rdbk&m;BuD;rsm;u vufatmuf
aus;uRefrsm;udk {nfhcHwJhtwkdif; rvIyfwvIyfESifh {nfhcHawmfrl&Smw,f? awmfawmfrsm; pdwfBuD;0ifwJhvljzifh cifrdrdxH
om ydkUvkdufAsm? pdwfBuD;0if aysmufoGm;vdrfhr,f xifw,f? usKyfwkdU xkdifrdonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf cifrdrdu &Sif
OD;pH&Sm; r[kwfvm; wJh? &Sifvmvdrhfr,f qkdwm udkbq,fu ajymESifhvdkU uRefr odygw,f wJh? okdUaomf uRefr
rdbrsm;udk oem;vkdUom &Sifhudk vufcHNyD; pum;ajym&ygw,fwJh? ukdbq,f raumif;aMumif;udk &Sifb,fvkdyif
vnfq,fNyD; ajymaomfvnf; tusdK;r&Sdygbl;wJh ajymcsnfyga&mAsm? 'Dawmh usKyfu vifqkd;r,m; wzm;zm;?
om;qkd;tar wawaw qkdwJh pum;yHktwkdif; ol,kwfrmrsm;udk txifrSm;NyD; vifom;jyKrdwJh rdef;rrsm;\
twd'ku©rsm;udkpdwful;&SdoavmufavQmufNyD;ajymawmh pdwfvnf;rqdk;£aÈ´vnf;rysuf at;at;uav;yJ em;axmif
aew,fAsmh? usKyfpum;qHk;awmhrS olu &SifajymorQudk uRefronf;cHNyD; pum;rqHk;rjcif; em;axmifcJhygw,f&Sif wJh?
em;axmifaomfjim;vnf; uRefr tckwifu ajymonfhtwkdif; tcsnf;ESD;rQom jzpfygw,fwJh? uRefr &nf;pm;
udkbq,f[m tukokdvfuH zdpD;ESdyfpufwJhtwGuf pdwfaeoabmxm; jrifhjrwfygvsuf olwpfyg;wkdU\ uJh&JU ½Iwfcs
jcif;udk cH&&Smygw,f? ,ckrSmawmh wpfOD;tay:rSm wpfOD;arwåm tifrwef pl;&SwJhtwGuf tu,fí udkbq,f[m
t&ifu wpfBudrfwpfcg rSm;,Gif;cJhapumrl vlaumif;olaumif;wpfa,muf jzpfatmif jyKjyifNyD; ay;zkdU olUrSm wm0ef
&Sdygw,fwJh? &Sif,ck vma&mufjcif;[mvJ aumif;jrwfaom pdwfxm;ESifh vma&mufjcif; jzpfw,fvkdU uRefr ,HkMunf
ygw,fwJh? okdUaomf &SifESifhtwlvmwJhrdef;ru b,furdef;rygvJwJh ar;csnfawmh usKyfu tusdK;taMumif; ajymrvkdU
vkyfwkef; rodef;NrdKifu usKyftajymudkawmifrapmifhygbl;? xkdif&muxwJhNyD; 0ifawmyga&mAsm;? ukdodef;armif?
cifAsm; rD;ESifh a&cJwkef;awGUwm jrifzl;ovm;? usKyfjzifh jrifcJh&yg&JUAsm? wpfa,mufuvJ at;vkdufwJhtat;
vGefyga&mh? wpfa,mufu &SL;&SL;&Sm;&Sm; 0l;0l;0g;0g;ESifh 0if;0if;udk awmufoGm;wmygyJAsm? yGufvdkufwJh tyGuf
vGefyga&m? xkdif&mu jzKef;ceJ xwJhNyD; cifrdrdtem;rSm vufñdI;xdk;um xkd;umESifh uRefrb,folvJ qkdwm &Sif
odcsifovm; [if; .. uRefr[m ibq,f&JU r,m;i,f&Sifh? uRefrvkd r,m;i,fawG rIdvkdaygufaewmyJ &Sifod&JUvm;
[if? &SifvJ r,m;i,f vkyfcsifao;ovm;[if? rdef;rcsif;udk,fcsif;pmvkdU &Sifhudk uRefr oem;vkdU tyifyef;cHNyD;
wrifvmajymwm? &Sifu r,Hkbl;vm;[if? atmifr,f &Sifu tckawmh &,fvm;NyHK;vm;ESifh awmfawmfMumawmhrS
idk&tHk;rSmawGrawG;rda&movm;wJh? &efawGUovkdajymcsnfyga&mAsm;? onfawmhcifrdrdu udkbq,f[m raumif;aom
rdef;rrsm;jzm;a,mif;wJhtwGuf wpfBudrfESpfBudrf rSm;,Gif;cJhzl;wJh taMumif;ajymawmh rodef;NrdKifu atmifr,f
wpfBudrfESpfBudrfwJh? tvkdufwJh rdef;ruG,f? ESmacgif;rsm; rygvQif rpifawmif pm;OD;r,f qdkwm 'gaMumifhvJ ajymMu
aywmyJ? xlvkdufwJh rdef;r? tvkdufwJhrdef;r? ydef;vdkufwJhrdef;r vkdU Murf;udkajcESifhaqmifhumaqmifhum &efawGU jyefyg
a&mAsm? onfawmh cifrdrdu usKyfbufvSnfhNyD; rdcifzcifrsm;udk oem;wJhtwGuf &SifESifh awGUzkdU oabmwlrdwm
b,fhES,f rdef;rrsm; &Sifac:vmcJhwmvJ&Sif wJh ajymavawmh rodef;NrdKifu a'gowBuD;ESifh cifrdrdqHyifudk
qGJaqmifhr,f vkyfvkdU usKyfrSm renf;qGJNyD; tdrfay:u csoGm;&ygava&mAs? rodef;NrdKif pdwfqkd;vJ qkd;ayrSmyJ?
usKyfawmif olat;pufpufvkyfyHkawG awG;NyD; 0rf;xJu a'go jzpfrdao;&JUAsm? ukdif; okdUaomf 'DvkdaevkdU rNyD;ao;
bl;AsdKU? BuHa&;zefa&;u &Sdayao;w,f? aemufwpfvSnfhus&ifjzifh cifAsm;awmif ygaumif; yg&vdrfhr,fvkdU rSwfw,f?
olwkdU tBuHuyJ OD;rvm; rajymwwfao;aybl;AsdKU}
aemufwpfaeUü uRefawmfonf ,cifu uRefawmf\ udpörNyD;jywfao;onfESifh yJcl;NrdKUokdU oGm;a&muf&av&m
¤if;NrdKUwGif wpfntdyfNyD;aemuf rD;&xm;ESifhjyefítvm vrf;c&D;wGif ol&d,owif;pm wpfapmifudk 0,f,lzwf½I
rdonfwGif atmufygtwkdif; awGU&Sd&ojzifh uRefawmf\ rdwfaqGtwGuf rsm;pGm wkefvIyfrdcJhav\/
pH kaxmufOD ;pH&Sm;udk owfjzwf &ef BuHpnfjcif ;taMumif;

trsm;jynfolwkdUod&SdNyD;jzpfaom pHkaxmufBuD; OD;pH&Sm;onf ,refa eUnae 3 em&Dt csd ef cefU wGif vlqd k;wk dU\
vufcsufjzifh 'Pf&m temw&ESifh aq;½HkodkU ydkUvkduf&onf[k Mum;od&ojzif h rsm;pG m 0rf;enf;zG ,f&m
jzpfa yaMumif ;? jzpfysuf yHk tjcif ;t&mrS m OD; pH &S m;onf &Gd Kif &,f [k dw ,frS xGuf ítvmwGif vlqk d;ES pf a,muf
wkdUonf pygwfvrf; (,ck Ad kvfatmif ausmfvrf;) axmifh rS wk w fvufeuf rsm;ES ihf acsmif; ajrmif;apmif hq kd if ;
½k du fESu fMuojzifh OD; acgif; ESifh vnf yif;wk dUwGif 'Pf &mtBuD;tus,f &&Sdonf[k Mum;od&aMumif;? ¤if;tm;
½k dufESufaom vlqkd;wkdUrS mrl ½k dufESufNyD;aemuf vufvGwfxGufa jy;Muojzifh qkdif&mrS pHkprf; axmufvSrf;
vsuf &Sdonf[k od&S d&aMumif;/
uREkfyfwdkU\ oabmt&rSm OD ;pH&Sm;&SdonfhtwGuf taetxkdif Muyf wnf;aom vlqkd;wkdUu rd rd wkdU
uG,fuma&;twGuf toufudk&ef&Smonf[k xifjrif oabm &&Sda yaMumif ;/
¤if;owif;udk zwfNyD;onfhaemuf uRefawmfrSm &efukefokdU a&mufvkdaom pdwfaZmonf xufoefvSonf

jzpfaomaMumifh rD;&xm;udkyif aES;vSonf[k tm;r&Ekdifatmif &SdvSay\/
&efukefodkU qkdufa&mufonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf aq;½HkodkU wkduf½kdufoGm;NyD;vQif armifpH&Sm;\taMumif;udk pHkprf;
ar;jref;&m armifpH&Sm;rSm yxrwef;tcef;ü ukovsuf&Sdí 'Pf&mrsm;rSmrl touftEÅ&m,ftwGuf pdk;&drfzG,f
jzpfavmufatmif rBuD;us,faomfjim;vnf; arhaq;wifí jzwfawmufcGJpdwf csKyfpyfuko&onfjzpfaomaMumifh
{nfhonfrsm;ESifh awGUqHkcGifh r&EkdifaMumif;udk q&m0efBuD;xHrS Mum;od&av\/ okdU&mwGif uRefawmfu twefwef
awmif;yefojzifh ig;rdepfcefUawGUqHkcGifh&onfESihf uRefawmfonf armifpH&Sm;xm;aom tcef;wGif;okdU ajczsm;axmufí
0ifoGm;NyD;vQif ckwifay:wGif wpfukd,fvHk;pnf;í xm;aom armifpH&Sm;\ teD;okdU oGm;í ukvm;xkdifay:üxkdifum
OD;acgif;ukd ikHUíMunfhonfwGif ...
&S m;/ /]udpör&Sdygbl; udkodef;armif&JU? 'Davmufawmif wkefvIyfzkdU r[kwfygbl;As? cifAsm; xifoavmuf
rqkd;ygbl;Asm}
uRefawmf/ /]onfvkdjzifh aumif;ygav&JUAsm}
&S m;/ /]usKyfu cifAsm; odwJhtwkdif; wkwfokdif;uav; wwfavawmh wpfa,mufcsif;qkd&ifawmh 'Davmuf
ta&;rBuD;ygbl;Asm? aemufuaeNyD; wpfa,mufu trSwfrJh 0if½kdufwJh twGuf onfavmuf xdoGm;wmygyJ}
uRefawmf/ /]acG;rom; bq,f ÓPfyJAsdKU? aeESifhOD;Asm? 'Dtaumifudk uRefawmfudk,fwkdif oGm;½kdufr,f? b,fhES,fvJ
rawmfaybl;vm;}
&S m;/ /]aeOD;As? onfavmuf a'go rBuD;ygESifh? usKyfenf;ESifh usKyf vkyfjyyghr,fAsm? cifAsm; tomaeaeyg? okdUaomf
wpfckawmh usKyf rSmvkdufr,fAsdKU udkodef;armif? usKyfrSm a&m*g b,favmufonf;w,fqkdwmudk odcsifwJhtwGuf
cifAsm;qDudk wpfenf;enf;ESifh vmvdrfhr,f? cifAsm;u usKyfa&m*gudk rBuD;us,f BuD;us,fatmif aq;ukvkdU
r&oavmuf &Sdatmif csJUxGifNyD; ajymxm;ayawmhAsm}
uRefawmf/ /]pdwfcsygAsm? EkdU q&m0efBuD;qDudk olwkdU ar;&ifaumAsm}
&S m;/ /]'DtwGufawmh cifAsm; rylESifh? usKyf wm0efxm;vkdufayawmh}
uRefawmf/ /]'Dtjyif bmrsm; rSmOD;rSmvJAsm}
&S m;/ /]bkd;xGm;udkvnf; wqdwfajymvkdufygAsm? rodef;NrdKifudk awmf&mrSma&Smifaeygap? usKyfwpfa,mufvHk; BuHpnf
0HhwJh vlawG olUudkvJ ñSmrSm r[kwfbl;? 'DuaeUn ajymjzpfatmif ajymvkdufygAsm}
uRefawmf/ /]pdwfcsygAsm? 'Dhjyifaum}
&S m;/ /]aq;wHESifh aq;bl;uav;om pm;yGJay: wifxm;cJhygawmhAsm? tJ [kwfNyD? NyD;awmh reufwkdif;vnf; vmcJhAsm?
trItwGuf wkdifyifMu&atmifAsdKU}
a&TOa'gif;
aq;½HkrS jyefvmcJhNyD;aemuf uRefawmfonf bkd;xGm;udk awGUatmif&SmNyD;vQif rodef;NrdKifudk acsmifusaom &yfuGuf

wpfckü vQdKU0Sufíxm;&ef pDrH&av\/
ajcmuf&ufywfvHk; NrdKUolNrdKUom;wkdUonf pHkaxmufOD;pH&Sm;rSm aq;½Hkü toufajrmhajrmhESifh &Sdae&Smonf[k rSwfxif

Mu&av\/ toD;oD;aom owif;pmwkdUonfvnf; OD;pH&Sm;rSm ¤if;'Pf&mESifhyif toufqHk;½HI;&&SmawmhrnfuJhodkU
aeUwkdif;a&;om;Muav\/ uRefawmfrSmrl aq;½HkodkU aeUwkdif;a&mufoljzpfí ,if;uJhodkU r[kwfaMumif;udk od&Sd&onf
jzpf&m 7 &ufajrmufaomaeYü armifbq,frSm ta&;BuD;aom udpöwpfck ESifh b*Fvm;odkU oGm;&efBuHpnfvsuf
&Sdonf [k armifbkd;xGm;xHrS owif;&&Sdonfjzpfí armifpH&Sm;xH oGm;a&mufNyD;vQif xkdtaMumif;udk ajymMum;av\/
xkdowif;udk Mum;&onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf armifpH&Sm;onf tdyf&mrS xíxkdifNyD;vQif
&S m;/ /]o,f ... onfvkd tvGwf½kef;vkdU &a&mhrwJhvm;Asm? b*Fvm;oabFm b,faeUxGufrvJAsdKU ? a[m[kdrSm
owif;pm? ,lvkdufprf;Asm}
uRefawmfonf owif;pmudk aumuf,lMunfh½Ií paeaeUüxGufaMumif; od&Sd&ojzifh armifpH&Sm;tm; ajymjy&mwGif ..
&S m;/ /]'DuaeU Ak'¨[l; [kwfp? udkodef;armif wpfck vkyfprf;Asm}

uRefawmf/ /]ckdif;ygAsm}
&S m;/ /]bm;ewfyd#uwfwkdufudk oGm;NyD; '*Fg;a[mif;rsm; pkaqmif;jcif; taMumif;ESifh pyfvsOf;ía&;om;xm;wJh
pmtkyf wpftkyfESpftkyf awGYatmif&SmNyD; 'DuaeUn wpfnvHk;rtdyfbJ zwfprf;Asm? zwforQ taMumif;udkvnf;
wwfEkdiforQ rSwfrdatmif cifAsm;acgif;xJrSm xm;prf;Asm? udkif; oGm;ayawmh}
uRefawmfrSm armifpH&Sm;\ oabmudk od&SdNyD;jzpfojzifh ¤if;tvkyfonf xkdtrIESifh rnfokdU

oufqkdifonfhtaMumif;udk armifpH&Sm;tm; ar;aomfvnf; ajymrnfr[kwfaMumif;udk od&Sdonfjzpfí ar;jref;jcif;
rjyKbJ aq;½HkrS qif;vmNyD;vQif yd#uwfwkdufokdU oGm;a&mufí pmESpftkyfudk a&G;cs,fNyD;aemuf tdrfokdU jyefcJhav\/
¤if;aeUwpf0ufESifh nwpf0ufvHk; uRefawmfonf armifpH&Sm;\ apckdif;csuft& pmESpftkyfü ygorQtaMumif;ukd
BudK;pm;tm;xkwfum zwf½IrSwfom;í aecJhav\/ aemufwpfaeUü uRefawmfonf aq;½HkodkU oGm;a&mufí
armifpH&Sm;ESifh awGU&aomtcg armifpH&Sm;rSm tcgwkdif;xufyif oufomíaeonfudk jrifojzifh
uRefawmf/ /]owif;pmawGxJ a&;vkdufyHkujzifh OD;pH&Sm;[m toufyJ iifaeawmhovkdvkd ? vlMunfhawmhjzifh

aysmufawmif aysmufvkygNyDaumAs}
&S m;/ /]onfvkda&;atmif usKyfu wrifÓPfqif xm;wmygAsm? b,fhES,fvJ usKyfckdif;wm vkyfcJhNyDvm;Asm}
uRefawmf/ /]wpfa&;rS rtdyfcJh&ygbl;Asm? wpfnvHk; zwfvmcJhygw,f}
&S m;/ /]'*Fg;a[mif;pkaqmif;jcif;ESifh pyfvsOf;NyD; pum;ajymMu&if cifAsm;awmfawmf ajymEkdifNyDaygh}
uRefawmf/ /]ajymEkdifavmufygNyDAsm}
&S m;/ /]ukdif; 'gjzifh a[mwm Munfhprf;Asm}
[k ajymí armifpH&Sm;onf puúLaowåmi,f wpfckudk zGifhNyD;vQif a&T'*Fg;wpfjym;ESifh aiG'*Fg;wpfjym;udk uRefawmfhtm;

jyav\/ ¤if;wkdUudk aocsmpGm Munfh½Iaomtcg a&T'*Fg;rSm *&djynfwGif ESpfaygif; 1000 ausmfcefUu oHk;pGJaom
a&T'*Fg;rsdK; jzpfí aiG'*Fg;rSmrl tar&duefjynfonf t*Fvdyftpkd;&\vufatmufrS vGwfvyfjcif;&aomESpfü a&S;OD;pGm
oGef;vkyfaom a':vm '*Fg;jzpfav\/ ¤if;taMumif;udk uRefawmfu armifpH&Sm;tm; ajymjyaomtcg
&S m;/ /]'D[m ESpfck[mu cifAsm;wkdUvkd usKyfwkdUvkd vlrSmawmh a&Tzkd;ESifh aiGzkd;avmufyJ wefwmyJAs? '*Fg;a[mif;pkwJh
vlrsm;rSm qkd&ifjzifh tifrwef &cJwJh[mrsdK;jzpfvkdU jrifjrifcsif;yJ ESpfoufpGJvrf;avmufatmif &Sdayr,f}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfrSmyAsm? 'gxuf 'D[mawGudk uRefawmf b,hfES,fvkyf&rSmvJ}
&S m;/ /]vkyf&rSmu 'DvkdAs? cifAsm;u OD;ausmfMum;qkdwJh trnfESifh armifbq,ftdrfudk 'DuaeUn oGm;&vdrhfr,f?
cifAsm;vmr,fhtaMumif;udkvnf; armifbq,fxH usKyf taMumif;Mum;xm;ESifhr,f? a&mufwJhtcgusawmh cifAsm;u
'*Fga[mif;rsm; pkaqmif;jcif;udk 0goemygaMumif;? aMu;aiG usyfwnf;wJhtwGuf ¤if;'*Fg;ESpfckudk a&mif;csvkdí
udkbq,f\ 0goemudkod&Sdojzifh oifhavsmfaomtzkd;ESihf a&mif;cszkdU vma&mufjcif;jzpfaMumif; ajymayawmh? tzkd;rSm
xkdufwefoavmuf a&T'*Fg;udk tzkd;aiG 300? aiG'*Fg;udk tzkd;aiG 50 ESifh a&mif;vkdw,fvkdU ajymayawmh}
uRefawmf/ /]aeygOD;Asm? wu,fvkdUrsm; olu uRefawmfESifh tawGUrcHcsifbl; qkd&ifaumAsm? b,fhES,fvkyfrvJ}
&S m;/ /]'DtwGufawmh rylygESifh pdwfcsyg? tawGUcHcsifatmif usKyf pDpOfxm;vkdufyghr,f? csOfoD;jrifawmh oa&us
qkdwJh pum;vkdayghAsm? 'D[mrsdK; pkaqmif;wwfwJhvl[m 'Dvkd '*Fg;rsdK; &r,fqkdvQif rjrif&raeEkdifatmif ta&;BuD;
NyD;om;ygAs? pdwfcsyg? ukdif; jyefayawmhAsm? nae 5 em&DcGJESifh 6 em&DtwGif;avmuf a&mufatmifomoGm;ayawmh}
¤if;aeUnaeü uRefawmfonf '*Fg;ESpfjym;udk tdwfüxnfhNyD;vQif armifpH&Sm; ckdif;aponfhtwkdif; NrdKUywfvrf;&Sd

armifbq,f\ aetdrfokdU oGm;a&mufav\/ eefuif;a[mufpf trnf&Sd armifbq,f\ aetdrfrSm wkdufcHtdrfBuD;
jzpfí Oa&mywkdufom;t&m&SdBuD;rsm;aexkdifbdouJhokdUyifcrf;em;wifhw,fpGmjyifqifíxm;onfjzpf&m uRefawmfonf
um;ay:rS qif;NyD;aemuf tapcHwpfa,muftm; uRefawmf\ trnfudk ajymí ukdbq,fESifh awGUvkdaMumif;
ajymvkdufonfwGif tapcHonf tdrfay:odkU wufoGm;av\/
cPrQMumvQif tapcHonf tdrfay:rS qif;vmí uRefawmftm; ac:iifojzifh ¤if;ESifhtwl tdrfay:okdU wufoGm;&m
armifbq,fonf {nfhcef;twGif;ü aMu;eDykdufqHtrsdK;rsdK;? rl;aph rwfaph aiG'*Fg;a[mif; trsdK;rsdK;wkdUudk pm;yGJay:ü
pDwef;um Munfh½Ivsuf &Sdonfudk awGU&av\/ uRefawmfhudk jrifaomtcg armifbq,fonf xkdif&mrS xí
q,f/ /]cifAsm; vmr,fqkdvkdU oGm;p&mudpöuav;awG &Sdwmawmif roGm;bJ apmifhaeygw,fcifAsm? cifAsm; pma&;

vkdufwJh '*Fg;rsm; yg&JUvm;}
[k ar;ojzifh uRefawmfonf tdwfxJrS '*Fg;ESpfckudk xkwfíjy&m armifbq,fonf ¤if;wkdUudk aocsmpGm
Munfh½Ivsuf &Sdav\/ ,if;okdU &SdpOf uRefawmfonf armifbq,f\ ½kyfvu©Pmudk Munfh½ItuJcwfvsuf&Sd&m
tom;0g0g? rsufcHk;oG,foG,f? Eke,fajyjypfaom ½kyfqif;oP²mefESifh jynfhpHkí aphaphMunfhavav acsmonfxuf
acsmí vmavav jzpfaom ½kyfvu©PmrsdK;jzpfay\/ toufrSmvnf; oHk;q,fausmfuav;rQ &Sdao;onfjzpf&m
ajc[efvuf[ef\ odrfarGUjcif;? trlt&m\ ,Ofaus;jcif;? tjyiftqif\ wifhw,fjcif; tp&Sdaom tjcif;t&m
trsdK;rsdK;wkdUESifhvnf; jynfhpHkay\/
a&TOa'gif;
q,f/ /]qef;ayhAsm? w,fqef;? usKyfrSm 'D[mrsdK; r&Sdao;aybl;? 'D[mawG cifAsm; b,folUvufu &ovJ}
uRefawmf/ /]b,folUvufu &ovJqkdwm ajymzkdU ta&;BuD;ao;ovm;Asm? usKyfvufxJa&mufwm 15 ESpfavmuf
&SdvkdU cyfarharhawmif jzpfaeygNyD}
q,f/ /]a&mif;r,fqkdvQif tzkd;uav; awmfawmfrsufrsuf &rS a&mif;rSm jzpfavawmh Zmpfjrpfudkvnf; odOD;rS
aumif;wmudk;As}
uRefawmf/ /]r0,fxkdufwJh ypönf;udk 0,frdvQif tzkd;aiGqHk;rSm pkd;vkdUvm;? 'DtwGufawmh rylygESifhAsm? aps;wnfhwJh
wpfaeUusawmh *kPftoa&&Sd vlBuD;vlaumif;xJu uRefawmfh rdwfaqGrsm; &Sdygw,f}
q,f/ /]&Sdwmawmh [kwfyg&JU? 'Dypönf;rsdK; qkdwm rlvqkdifoludk od&jyefawmh tuJwpfrsdK; a&mufwmudk;As}
uRefawmf/ /]'gjzifhvnf; r0,fcsif aeAsm? toHk;vkdvkdUom a&mif;&r,f? uRefawmfuvnf; ESajrmajrmygyJ}
q,f/ /]'D[mrsdK; uRefawmf 0goemygaMumif; cifAsm; b,fhES,f odovJ}
uRefawmf/ /]rdwfaqGwpfa,mufajymzl;vkdU odygw,f}
q,f/ /]'DrdwfaqG emrnf b,folwJhvJ}
uRefawmf/ /]udkbOD; ygwJh}
q,f/ /]b,fu udkbOD;vJAsm? uRefawmf rodygvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]cifAsm; rodayr,fh olu Mum;zl;vkdU[maygh}
q,f/ /]'*Fg;a[mif; pkaqmif;jcif; taMumif;udk cifAsm; em;vnf&JUvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]awmfawmf em;vnfygw,f}
q,f/ /]pkvmwm b,fESpfESpfavmuf &SdNyDvJ}
uRefawmf/ /]q,fhig;ESpfavmuf &SdygNyD}
q,f/ /]a[m'D a':vm'*Fg;[m t*Fvdyftpkd;&vufatmufrS tar&duefjynfBuD; vGwfvyfa&; &wJhtcgrSm
oGef;vkyfwJh '*Fg;ukd;? tb,fudk tpGJjyKí oGef;vkyfygovJ? acgif;bufu txdrf;trSwfonf b,fvkd t"dyÜm,f &yg
ovJ? yef;bufu wHqdyfonf b,fvkdoabmESifh pDpOfygovJ? ¤if;yHkpHudk rnfonfh q&mBuD; pDrHygovJ?
'Dykpämrsm;udk cifAsm; ajzEdkifyg&JUvm;}
xkdtcg uRefawmfonf pdwfqkd;atmifjyKí xkdif&mrS xNyD;vQif

]'Dypönf;rsdK;udk cifAsm; 0,fvkdw,f rSwfvkdU ,lcJhrdwJh[m BudKufvQif 0,fwmayghAsm? rBudKufvQifvnf; r0,fbJ
ae½Hkaygh? awGUu& ar;cGef;awG avQmufNyD; ar;aezkdU r&Sdygbl;Asm}
xkdtcg armifbq,fonf uRefawmf\ rsufESmudk aphaphMunfhí tuJcwfNyD;vQif ½kwfw&uf rsufESmxm; wpfrsdK;
ajymif;í oGm;onfudk jrifvkduf&av\/
q,f/ /]qufajymygOD; OD;ausmfMum;&Jh? cifAsm; emrnf OD;ausmfMum; [kwfygavp? cifAsm; b,fvkd tBuHtpnfESifh
vmcJhwmvJ rSefrSefajymprf;yg? cifAsm; olvQdK r[kwfvm;? OD;pH&Sm;u vTwfvkdufw,f xifw,f? usKyftdrfxJudk 0ifzkdU
vG,faomfvnf; xGufzkdU rvG,fbl;Asaemf? ajymaeMuma&mh ... }
,if;uJhokdU ajymqkd&if; armifbq,fonf xkdif&mrS ½kwfw&uf xí uRefawmf\ vnfukwfudk ñSpfawmhrnf

tjyKwGif wpfpHkwpfckaom toHonf Mum;&onfh vu©PmESifh ½kwfw&uf wefU&yfum em;axmifvsuf &Sdavonf/
aemufwpfcPüum; armifbq,fonf uRefawmf&Sd&mrS ½kwfw&uf xGufajy;NyD;vQif wpfckaom tcef;wGif;okdU
0ifajy;av\/ uRefawmfonf xkdif&mrS xí ¤if;0ifajy;&m tcef;aygufokdU oGm;NyD;vQif twGif;okdU arQmfMunfh
vkduf&m atmufyg tHhMozG,f tjcif;t&mrsm;udk awGU&Sd&av\/
¤if;tcef;rSm tdyfcef;jzpfí jywif;aygufteD;wGif OD;acgif; rsufESm tp&SdonfwkdUü Muyfpnf;vsuf&Sdaom

vlwpfa,muf onf &yfvsuf &Sd&m ¤if;\rsufESmudk uRefawmf Munfhvkdufaomtcg armifpH&Sm;yifjzpfaMumif;
uRefawmf tHhMopGm od&Sd&av\/
aemufwpfcPüum; armifpH&Sm;onf jywif;aygufokdU ckefíwufNyD;vQif atmufokdU ckefcsvkduf&m armifbq,f
vnf; a'goBuD;pGmESifh jywif;ayguf&Sd&mokdU ajy;oGm;av\/ xkdcPü tdrfatmufrS rdef;rwpfa,muf\ toHjzifh
rSwfua&m[Jh taumif [k atmfvkdufoHudk Mum;vkduf&NyD;aemuf tcef;wGif;okdU a&pufrsm; vGifhpifívmonfudk
awGUjrif&av&m armifbq,frSm rsufESmudk vuf0g;ESpfbufjzifh zHk;tkyfum &Sdav\/ armufwpfcPüum;
armifbq,f onf atmifr,fav; ylvScsnf&JUAs [k [pfatmfvsuf Murf;ay:okdU ypfvSJNyD;vQif vl;vdrfhvsuf &Sd&m
uRefawmfonf rnfokdUjzpfavoenf;[k Munfh½I&ef teD;okdU csOf;uyfrnfjyKonfwGif ]azmif; azmif;} [k ESpfcsufrQ
xyfqifhí aygufuGJoHrsm;udk Mum;&NyD;aemuf armifbq,fuvnf; atmifr,fav; AsmwkdU [k i,foHygatmif
[pfatmfvkdufonfudk Mum;&av\/ xkdtcg uRefawmfonf rsufESmüzHk;xm;aom vufrsm;udk z,fíMunfhvkduf&m
armifbq,frSm rsufvHk;ESpfzufvHk; aygufuGJí a[mufwGif;BuD;jzpfvsuf aeonfudk awGUjrif&av\/
uRefawmfonf armifbq,ftaMumif;udk a&S;OD;pGm Mum;&pOfuyif ¤if;tay:ü arwåmuif;rJhcJhí rMumao;rD
twGif;uvnf; uRefawmf\ vnfyif;udkyif ñSpfrnfBuHpnfcJhol wpfa,mufjzpfygaomfvnf; ¤if;tjcif;t&mudk
jrif&aom tcgürlum; oem;u½kPm jzpfay:vmonfjzpfí tapcHrsm;udk ac:iifNyD;vQif wwftm;orQ
jyKpk&av\/ a&pufrsm;udk vufjzifh wkdUí ESmacgif;jzifh erf;½IwfMunfhonfhtcg uRefawmf awG;xifrdonfhtwkdif;
&Smapmif;BuD; teHYjzpfaMumif;udk od&Sd&av\/ xkdtawmtwGif;ü armifbq,fu ]oaygufr? o&Jr? rdodef;NrdKif?
eifawmh aeESifhOD;[Jhaemf? odapr[Jh? aoapr[Jh? ighvkd 'ku©eifcH&apr[Jh} ponfjzihf jrnfwef;a&&Gwfvsuf &Sdav\/
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUonf armifbq,fudk um;ay:okdU wifNyD;vQif aq;½HkokdU ydkUvkdufMu&av\/
aetdrfokdU jyefa&mufaom tcg armifpH&Sm;onf ukvm;xkdifay:wGif xkdifaeonfudk awGU&Sd&av&m uRefawmfu
armifbq,f\ taMumif;udk jyefajymif;ajymjyonfwGif
&S m;/ /]raumif;rI jyKwJh vlqkdwm wpfaeUaeUawmh ab;awGUNrJyJudk; udkodef;armif&JU? wpfcsdKUvnf; vufiif;
tusdK;ay;w,f? wpfcsdKUvnf; oHo&m rS cH&w,f? tjrefESifh taES;ygyJAsm? ajy;vkdUawmh vGwfEkdifwmBuD; r[kwfbl;}
uRefawmf/ /]tcef;xJrSm cifAsm; bmvkyfaewmvJ}
&S m;/ /]rodef;NrdKifajymwJh pmtkyf ckd;aewmayghAs? 'DpmtkyftaMumif; rodef;NrdKifajymvkdU Mum;&uwnf;u 'DtrI
twGuf tifrwef toHk;0ifr,fh pmtkyfyJudk; vkdU usKyfawG;rdw,f? awG;rdvkdU b,fenf;ESifh &atmif ,l&ygr,fvkdU
BuHpnfwkef; t½kdufcH&yga&mAsm;? cH&vkdU aq;½Hkwufae&awmh usKyftwGuf pdwfcsvufcs aeMuatmif[m
tonf;toef rjzpfbJESifh tonf;toefjzpfw,fvkdU owif;pmq&mawGyg txifvGJatmif usKyf vkyfNyD; xm;cJh
wmudk;As? rlvuawmh aumif;aumif; usef;rmatmif apmifhOD;r,fvkdU[m olu b*Fvm;oGm;r,f qkdjyefawmh
rapmifhEkdifatmif ta&;BuD;vmwmudk;? pmtkyfudk nrSm ckd;zkdUvnf; rjzpfEkdif? tJ'gaMumifh cifAsm;udk '*Fg;a[mif;ESifh
a&TOa'gif;
olUtdrfvTwfNyD; tdrfa&SUcef;rSm pum;ajymaeMuwkef; tdyfcef;wGif;udk usKyfudk,fwkdif 0if,lzkdU pDrHcJhwmudkAs? pDrHwJh

twkdif;vJ txajrmufayw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]rodef;NrdKifudk cifAsm; ac:vmcJhwmvm;}
&S m;/ /]rac:&ygbl;Asm? oluvnf; olUtBuHESifhol a&mufaewmyJ}
uRefawmf/ /]ukdbq,fu awmfawmf yg;wJhvlyJAsdKU? uRefawmfhudk cifAsm;u vTwfvkdufrSef; ol&dyfrdw,fAsdKU}
&S m;/ /]&dyfrdvdrfhr,fvkdU usKyfvnf; xifyg&JU? EkdUayr,fh r&dyfrdcif udpöNyD;pD;atmif vkyfzkdUudkom BuH&G,fNyD;
xm;wJhtwkdif; txvnf; ajrmufcJhygNyDAsm? avSum;u ajcoH[m udkcspfarmif rSwfw,fAsdKU}
aemufwpfcPü armifcspfarmifonf tcef;wGif;okdU 0ifvm&m armifpH&Sm;u tjzpftysuf tusdK;taMumif;

jyefajymif;ajymqkdonfrsm;udk tHhMopGm em;axmifvsuf &Sdav\/ pum;tqHk;ü
armif / /]awmfygayhAsm? awmfygayh? EkdYayr,fh OD;odef;armif ajymwJhtwkdif; rsufpdaygufavmufatmif qkd;cJhvkdU&SdvQif

onfpmtkyfukd toHk;jyKzkdU vkdr,fawmif rxifygbl;Asm}
&S m;/ /]rxifeJYAsdKU ukdcspfarmif? cifrdrdwkdUvkd pdwfoabm jrifhjrwfwJh rdef;rrsdK;uawmh ½kyfysufqif;ysuf jzpfayr,fh
tcspfysufr,f r[kwfvSbl;? omvkdUawmif u½kPm ydkwwfao;w,f? tusifhraumif;aMumif;? aoaocsmcsm odrS
olpdwfysufr,f? aoaocsmcsm odatmif [mvnf; onfpmtkyfxuf oufaocH vHkavmufwmjzifh r&Sdbl;}
¤if;aemuf armifcspfarmifonf pmtkyfudk ,lí oihfavsmfovkd toHk;jyKygrnf[k 0efcHNyD;vQif wkdufay:rS

qif;oGm;av\/
¤if;aemuf oHk;&ufcefUMumaomtcg armifcspfarmifonf xkdpmtkyfudk oli,fr\ rdcifvufokdU ay;tyfí rdcifu
orD;tm; jyoonfwGif cifrdrdonf armifbq,ftay:ü ,cifu cspfcifMuifemcJhaom arwåmpdwfonf &GH&Sm
pufqkyfaom tjzpfokdU ajymif;vJcJhaMumif;ESifh armifcspfarmif xHrS Mum;od&av\/ rodef;NrdKifrSmrl txufygtrIESifh
pyfvsOf;í ppfaq;onfhtcg w&m;olBuD;onf armifbq,f\ vdrfvnfjcif;udk cHcJh&aom w&m;cHr tay:ü
oem;axmufn§mjcif; &dSonfjzpfí trIyifBuD;aomfvnf; ayghavQmhaom tjypf'PfudkomvQif uscHaponf
jzpfavownf;/
NyD;ygNyD/
______
29/ ya&mfz uf qm q&mBuD; OD;xGef;azESifh &ifqkdif&jcif;

wpfaeUaom naecif;tcsdefü uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdUonf urf;em;vrf;wpfavQmuf tanmif;ajy vrf;avQmuf
vsuf &SdMupOf "mwf&xm;ay:rS vlwpfa,mufonf uRefawmfwkdUudk jrifonfESifhwpfNydKifeuf "mwf&xm;udk &yfap
NyD;vQif ckefqif;cJhí owif;pm wpfapmifudk udkifum uRefawmf&Sd&mokdU cyfokwfokwf avQmufvmav\/ xkdolrSm
tjcm;r[kwf? tpkd;&pHkaxmuf tifpydwfawmf armiftkef;azyifjzpfavonf/ teD;okdU a&mufoumv owif;pmudk
zGifhjyvsuf ...
az/ /]'DtaMumif;t&m awGUNyD;NyD r[kwfvm; q&m}

&S m;/ /(owif;pmudk vSefMunfhí) ]"mwkaA'q&mBuD; OD;xGef;az taMumif;vm;As? awGUvkdufygNyDAsm? tpkd;&vJ
aiGawmfawmf ESarsmw,fvkdU atmufarhwm 'Dwpfcg w,fBuJvkdufyguvm;? qkaiG 5000 usyfawmif xkwfvkduf
w,f [kwfp}
az/ /]rxkwf&if b,fhES,fvkyfrvJ q&m? wynfhwyef; taygif;toif;u rsm;avawmh olUae&yfudk pHkaxmufvkdUudk
r&bl;q&m? aiGuav;ESifh jr§m;,l&&ifjzifh opömazmufcsifwJh wynfhrsm; ay:aygufvmrvm;vkdU arQmf&wmygyJ q&m}
þae&mü "mwkaA'q&mBuD; OD;xGef;az\ taMumif;udk tusOf;rQ a&;om;azmfjyaytHh/ ¤i;fOD;xGef;azqkdolrSm

*smreDNrdKUokdU oGm;a&mufNyD;aemuf avmu"mwfynmqkdif&mrsm;udk txl;wwfuRrf;atmif oifMum;avhvmcJhNyD;aemuf
&efukefNrdKU aumvdyfausmif;ü "mwkaA'bufqkdif&mwGif ya&mfzufqm q&mBuD;tjzpfESihf vkyfudkifcJhzl;aMumif;?
,if;okdU&SdpOf aumvdyfausmif;ü vlowfrI wpfck jzpfyGm;cJh&m ¤if;q&mBuD;tm; ouFmruif;zG,f&m tcsufrsm; &SdcJh
onfjzpfí ¤if;tm; zrf;qD;ppfaq;onfwGif ½Hk;rif;ESifhwuG *sL&DvlBuD;tm;vHk;wkdUu w&m;cHrSm jypfrIxif&Sm;aMumif;
oabmwlnDMuonfjzpf&m axmif'PftESpf 20 uscHap&ef w&m;olBuD;u pD&ifcsuf csrSwfcJhzl;aMumif;? ¤if;
OD;xGef;azonf axmifü 10 ESpfavmuf uscHNyD;rS OD;xGef;az rowfaMumif;udk vHkavmufaom oufaorsm;
xGufay:vmonfhtjyif owfaomol tppfrSmvnf; rnfolrnf0gjzpfaMumif; ay:aygufav&um; tpkd;&rif;wkdUonf
tusOf;cHae&ol OD;xGef;azudk aumif;pGm vTwfNyD;vQif rdrdwkdUrSm;,Gif;onfhtwGuf 0rf;enf;aMumif;rsm;ESifh ajymqkd
vkdufaMumif;? ¤if;jyif aumvdyfausmif;üvnf; ya&mfzufqm tvkyfudk jyefícefUtyfaMumif;? okdU&mwGif OD;xGef;az
onf rdrdtm; rw&m;ojzifh axmifudk oGif;í tusOf;csxm;cJhonfh tcsufudk pdwfwGif pGJvrf;cJhNyD;vQif rauscsrf;
Ekdifatmif jzpfvsuf tvkyfudkvnf; vufrcHbJ rdrdtm; pD&ifcsufcsaom w&m;olBuD;tm; vnf;aumif;? *sL&DvlBuD;
rsm;tm;vnf;aumif;? tpdk;&bufrS oufaovkdufaomvlrsm;tm;vnf;aumif; vufpm;acstHh[k twdtvif;
BuHK;0g;cJhav\/ ,if;okdU BuHK;0g;NyD;onfhaemuf rsm;rMumrDtwGif;wGif oufaowpfa,mufonf tdyf&mü &if0wGif
"m;ajr§mifpkdufvsuf awGU&Sd&av&m ykvdyft&m&SdwkdUu ¤if;onfum; OD;xGef;az\ vufcsufaywnf;[k ,lqonfh
tavsmuf oGm;a&mufzrf;qD;Muav\/ okdU&mwGif OD;xGef;azonf aetdrfü r&SdawmhbJ xkdaeUrSpí aysmufuG,f
oGm;av\/ ykvdyfwkdUvnf; omíyif ouFmruif;jzpf&ef taMumif;&Sdonfjzpfí OD;xGef;azudk vuf&zrf;rd&ef
BudK;pm;ygaomfvnf; aeU&ufomvQifukefvGefvsuf OD;xGef;azudkum; rrdcJhacs/ xkdtawmtwGif; vlowfrIjzpfpOfu
acgif;aqmif*sL&Dvkyfzl;aom vlBuD;wpfa,mufvnf; "m;'Pf&mESifh aoqHk;jyefav&m usef*sL&DvlBuD;taygif;vnf;
þNrdKUü rae0hHatmif xdwfvefUwkefvIyf jzpfMuNyD;vQif ykvdyft&m&Sdrsm; nHUzsif;aMumif;ESifhvnf; owif;pmrsm;ü
rsm;pGm jypfwifuJh&JU a&;om;Muav\/ okdUjzpfaomaMumifh ykvdyfrif;BuD;u OD;xGef;azudk rdatmif owif;ay;Ekdifol
tm; qkaiG 5000 usyf xkwfay;rnf[k aMumfjimí xm;&jcif;jzpfavonf/
armiftkef;azonf OD;xGef;az\ taMumif;udk ajymjyNyD;vQif ¤if;trIrsdK;rSm OD;pH&Sm; pHkaxmufaeusjzpfaom trIrsdK;
r[kwfjzpfapumrl rdrdwkdUtm; jynfolwkdUu tjypfwifuJh&JUjcif;rS vGwfuif;apEkdifjcif;iSm ulnDaqmif&Gufyg&ef
a&TOa'gif;
taMumif;ESifh awmif;yefonfwGif armifpH&Sm;u wwfEkdiforQ MunfhvkdufygOD;rnf[k 0efcHNyD;aemuf armiftkef;azudk

aetdrfokdU vufzuf&nfaomuf&ef zdwfMum;ac:iifcJhav\/
tdrfay:okdU a&mufMuaomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf pm;yGJay:ü rdrd\ trnfESifh pmwpfapmif awGUonfESifh aumuf,l
zGifhMunfhav&m ¤if;rSm atmufygtwkdif;jzpfav\/
pma&;vkdu fygonf armifpH&Sm ;
ukdxGef;nGefU vma&mufaomtcg aiG 30000 usyf &rS auseyf Ek difawmhrnf[ k ajymvk duf ygawmh Asm/ ,aeU
tausay;vQif aiG 20000 usyf ES if h auseyf rnf [k ¤if;xH pma&;íawmif;xm;&m ,aeUray;aomaMumifh aiG
10000 usyf wufí oGm;acsNyD/ xkduJhokdU ray;bJaechJvQif wpfaeU aiG 10000usyf wufí
oGm;vdrf hrnfjzpfaMumif;udkvnf; ¤if;tm; ajymvkdufygav OD;pH&Sm; cifAsm;/
xGef ;az
xkdpmudk zwfíMunfhMu&aomtcg pma&;olonf "mwkaA'q&mBuD; OD;xGef;azyif jzpfrnftaMumif;udk uRefawmfwkdU

oHk;OD;vHk;yif awG;rdMuonfjzpfí rsm;pGm tHhtm;oifhvsuf &SdaeMuav\/ okdU&mwGif armifxGef;nGefU qkdolonf
rnfoljzpfrnf taMumif;udkrl rawG;awm EkdifMuao;acs/
&S m;/ /]aumif;vkdufavAsm? usKyfu 'DtrIrSmulnDvkdUaumif;yghrvm;vkdU pOf;pm;NyD;aewkef;? usKyfudkvmNyD; ukdxGef;az

ukd,fwkdifu tuJprf;vmw,f? ukdif; 'Dwpfcg odMu&rSmygAs}
az/ /]ukdxGef;nGefU qkdwmu q&mhqD vmzl;ovm;}
&S m;/ /]rvmzl;ao;ygbl;Asm? okdUaomf avScg;u Mum;&wJh ajcoH[m olUajcoHyJESifhwlw,f? ukdodef;armif
wqdwfavmuf wHcg;zGifhay;ygAsm}
uRefawmfonf wHcg;udk xí zGifhay;vkdufaomtcg toufav;q,ft&G,fcefU &Sdaom vlwpfa,mufonf rsm;pGm

wkefvIyfaom trlt&mESifh tcef;wGif;okdU 0ifvmí rnfolonf OD;pH&Sm; jzpfavoenf;[k tuJcwfvsuf &Sdonf/
&S m;/ /]xkdifygAsm? udkxGef;nGefU ? wu,fqkdawmh cifAsm; aiG 30000 usyf ay;Ekdifyghrvm;}
nGefU/ /(tHhtm;oifhvsuf) ]cifAsm;u b,fu Mum;ESifhovJ? 30000 usyf r[kwfygbl; cifAsm? 20000 usyfom
awmif;ygw,f}
&S m;/ /]awmif;wkef;u 20000 usyf? tckawmh 30000 usyf jzpfoGm;NyDwJh ? a[m'DrSm pmMunfhygvm;}
xkdolonf ,cifu uRefawmfwkdU Munfhaeaompmudk aumuf,lzwf½INyD;vQif tvGefw&m pdwf½IyfaxG;aom
trlt&mESifh ukvm;xkdifwGif xkdifvsuf &Sdav\/
&S m;/ /]cifAsm;u OD;xGef;azESifh b,fvkd &efp&SdovJ}
nGefU/ /][kdwkef;u olUukd vlowfrIESifh ppfaq;pOftcg uRefawmfu *sL&DvlBuD;wpfa,muf tjzpfESifh ygoGm;ygw,f

cifAsm? *Gusvkdufavw,f OD;pH&Sm;cifAsm? uRefawmfhrSm [kdwkef;u olUtay:rSm &efñId;vnf; r&Sd&ygbl; cifAsm? tjypf
&Sdw,fxifvkdU xifwJhtwkdif;xGufwm wpfck&SdwmygyJ? onf[mudk olaxmifu vGwfvmawmh rw&m;ojzihf vkyfBuH
w,fqkdNyD; vufpm;acszkdU BuHpnfowJh cifAs? owfwJhvludkvnf; owf? uRefawmfhudkawmh aiGawmif;owJh cifAs?
awmfa&mhvm; cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]aiG 30000 cifAsm; ay;Ekdifovm;}
nGefU/ /]olUukd aiG 30000 ay;&&if uRefawmfhrSm awmif;pm;½Hk &SdawmhwmyJ cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm;u ay;r,fvkdU atmufarhovm;}
nGefU/ /]'gawmh OD;pH&Sm;u ay;vkdufqkd&ifvJ ay;vkduf½Hk &SdwmygyJ cifAsm? ulnDzkdUrsm; wwfEdkifrvm;vkdU OD;pH&Sm;qD
vm&jcif;jzpfygw,f cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]ray;&if b,fhES,fvkyfrwJhvJ}
nGefU/ /]ray;&if uRefawmhfudk vlpOfrrDatmif vkyfr,fwJh cifAs? a[m'DrSm pmMunfhygawmhcifAsm}
xkdtcg uRefawmfwkdUonf ¤if;pmudk aumuf,l zwf½IMu&m ¤if;ajymonfhtwkdif;yif yg&Sdí vufa&;rSmrl armifpH&Sm;

trnfESifh &xm;aom pmESifh twlwlyifjzpfaMumif; awGUjrifMu&av\/
&S m;/ /]olUpmxJrSm pmjyefzkdU taMumif; ygyguvm;As? b,fvkdenf;ESifh b,fae&mudk pmjyef&rSmwJhvJ}
nGefU/ /]awmfawmf ÓPfrsm;wJhvl cifAs? a[m'Du ckd&JU ajcaxmufudk aiGay;Ekdifray;EkdiftaMumif; pmqGJNyD;
vTwfvkduf&r,fwJh cifAs}
[k ajymNyD;aemuf armifxGef;nGefUonf puúLESifh ywfíxm;aom txkyfwpfckudk ajzíjy&m ¤if;twGif;üum;
ckdwpfaumifESifhwuG avSmiftdrfwpfckudk awGU&Sd&av\/
armifpH&Sm;onf csD;rGrf;aom rsufESmxm;ESifh ckdtdrfudk vSrf;,líckdudkMunfh&if; ...
&S m;/ /]cifAsm; tvkyftudkifuawmh bmvkyfovJ}

nGefU/ /] uRefawmfu ae&Sife,f rD;tmrcHukrÜPDrSm refae*sm vlBuD;yg cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]tpkpyfukrÜPDaygh}
nGefU/ /]rSefygw,f}
&S m;/ /]ukdif; cifAsm; ckdtdrfudk usKyftdrfrSm xm;cJhAsm? usKyfwwfEkdifoavmuf Munfh&ao;wmaygh? ½kwfw&ufvnf;
cifAsm;udk vlpOfrrDatmif olwwfEkdifao;r,f rxifygbl;? taMumif;xl;jyefvkdU &Sd&ifvJ usKyfwkdUqDudk taMumif;jyef
ao;wmaygh? [kwfp}
nGefU/ /]aumif;ygNyDcifAsm? a&wpfcGufavmuf aomufyg&apcifAsm}
xkdtcg uRefawmfonf tapcHudkac:í a&wpfcGufudk ,lcJhapNyD;aemuf ukdxGef;nGefUtm; ay;ap&m ukdxGef;nGefUonf

zefcGufudk tapcH\ vufrS ,lí aomufawmhrnfhqJqJwGif cRifceJ toHudk Mum;vdkuf&NyD;aemuf zefcGufrSm
tpdwfpdwftjrTmjrTm yJhaMuNyD;vQif ukdxGef;nGefU\ vufrS vGwfíusoGm;av\/ uRefawmfwkdYonf xkdtjcif;t&mukd
a&TOa'gif;
jrifojzifh tHhMoí rNyD;ao;rD ukdxGef;nGefU\ ajc&if;rS rD;awmufuav; wpfawmuf xíawmufNyD;aemuf

½kwfw&ufyif Nidrf;oGm;av\/
xkdtcg udkxGef;nGefUrSm jyif;xefpGm xdwfvefUwkefvIyfaom trlt&mESihf aoG;r&Sdoavmuf jzpfíoGm;NyD;vQif
xkdif&mrS ½kwfw&uf ckefí xvkdufav&m armifpH&Sm;rSmrl jywif;aygufokdU vsifjrefpGm ajy;oGm;NyD;vQif wkdufa&SU
vrf;wpfavQmuf txufatmuf arQmfíMunfhvkduf&m ..
uRefawmf/ /]wkdufa&SUrSm bmrsm; jrifcJhovJAsm}

&S m;/ /]bmrS rawGU&ygbl;Asm? um;wpfpD;armif;oGm;wm jrifvkduf&&JU? ukdif; ukdxGef;nGefU jyefcsifjyefygawmhAsm?
taMumif;xl;&ifvnf; w,fvDzkef;qufvkdufwmy? usKyfwkdUvnf; wwfEkdifoavmuf apmihfa&Smufygr,f? 'Dtawm
twGif; taetxkdif toGm;tvmudkom wqdwfqifjcifNyD; aeayawmh? 'gxuf a&wpfcGuf ay;vdkufygOD;Asm
udkodef;armif}
nGefU/ /]&SdygapawmhcifAsm? awmfygNyD}
[k ajymNyD;vQif armifxGef;nGefUrSm þwkdufü xkdifae&jcif;yifvQif ab;Oyg'ftEÅ&m,f ruif;jzpfonf[k xifrSwf
onfh vu©PmESifh wkdufay:rS ysm,D;ysm,m qif;oGm;av\/ xkdokdU qif;oGm;NyD;aemuf ...
az/ /]b,fhES,fvJ q&m ? ckeifu b,hfES,fvJ}

&S m;/ /]usKyfvnf; rpOf;pm;wwfao;bl;? zefcGufvnf; uGJw,f? rD;vnf; awmufw,f? vrf;rSmvJ vlrawGUbl;}
uRefawmf/ /]rsufvSnfhjywmESifh wlvkdufavw,f cifAsm? b,hfES,f[mygvdrfh? OD;xGef;az vufcsufayvm;
rqkdEkdifbl;}
&S m;/ /]tppfayghAsm? okdkUaomf b,fvkdenf;ESifh pDrHxm;w,fawmh rajymwwfao;bl;? Munfh&ao;wmayghav}
xkdcPü w,fvDzkef;EdI;pufay;oHMum;ojzifh uRefawmfonf oGm;a&mufem;axmifav&m uRefawmfrodaom toHjzifh

vlwpfa,mufu armifpH&Sm;ESifhwuG uRefawmfESifh armiftkef;azwkdUudkyg xkdnOfUajcmufem&DtcsdefwGif &GdKif&G,f[kdw,f
okdU npmxrif;pm; <ua&mufygrnfhtaMumif; yifhzdwfonfudk Mum;&av\/ xkdtcg uRefawmfu zdwfMum;olonf
rnfoljzpfonfudk ar;jref;aomtcg ]OD;xGef;azav? "mwkaA'q&mBuD; OD;xGef;azaygh? vm0HhvQif vmygvkdU
OD;pH&Sm;ukd ajymvkdufygAsm} [k ajymNyD;aemuf toH&yfpJí oGm;av\/
xkdtcg uRefawmfrSmrl vlowfrIESpfrIESifh 0&rf;ajy;íae&aomol wpfOD;wpfa,mufu tpdk;&pHkaxmuf tifpydwfawmf
udkrQ ruao; uRefawmf\ rdwfaqG pHkaxmufBuD;OD;pH&Sm;ukdyg rxDav;pm;jyK0Hhava&mhovm;[k atmufarhvsuf
armifpH&Sm;tm; tusdK;taMumif;udk jyefajymonfwGif armifpH&Sm;onf vm0HhvQif [laom pum;udk Mum;&onfESifh
wpfNydKifeuf qwfaomjrif;udk BudrfESifh wkdUvkdufbdonfhtvm; rcHcsifaom rsufESmxm;ESifh ..
&S m;/ /]b,hfES,fvJ udktkef;az? oGm;rSxifw,f}

az/ /]&mZ0wfaumifu auR;wJh xrif;udk oGm;NyD;pm;vkdU awmfyghrvm;q&m? okdUaomf q&moGm;csifvkdU &Sd&if
uRefawmfawmh vkduf&wmayghq&m}
&S m;/ /]oGm;prf;MupkdYavAsm? 'DvlBuD; vkyfyHk[m w,fNyD; ,m;usdusd &SdvSw,f? b,fhES,f&Sd&Sd oGm;MupkdUAsm}
¤if;aeUn 8 em&D wdwdtcsdefü uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdUonf &GdKif&,f[kdw,fa&SUü armfawmfum;udk &yfap

NyD;aemuf um;ay:rSqif;oufMuí armifpH&Sm;onf ukefonfvrf;txufatmuf arQmfMunfhvkdufonfwGif t&yf0wf
t&yfpm;ESifh ykvdyft&m&Sdrsm;onf aps;qkdifa&SUvrf;Mum;teD;? uGrf;,mqkdif ponfwkdUü rvdrfhwpfywf wefY&yfum
apmifhqkdif;vsuf &SdaeMuonfudk awGUjrif&ojzifh ]usKyfwkdUvl ukdtkef;azujzifh awmfawmfpDpOfxm;vkdufayoudk;As} [k
ajymNyD;aemuf [kdw,fwGif;okdU 0ifoGm;Muav\/
twGif;okdU a&mufMuonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf ukdtkef;azESifhawGUí ukdtkef;azu rdrd\ wynfhrsm;tm; OD;xGef;az\
½kyfvu©Pmudk "mwfyHkESifhwuG aocsmpGm ay;xm;cJhNyD;vQif vrf;qHkvrf;cGNyD;wkdUrS apmifhqkdif;í zrf;qD;&ef rSmxm;cJh
aMumif;ESifh ajymqkdNyD;aemuf refae*sm\tcef;okdU oGm;a&mufar;jref;Muav\/ [kdw,frefae*smvnf; uRefawmfwkdU
vma&mufaomtcg aumif;rGefpGm {nfhcHjyKpkíxm;ESifh&ef vlwpfa,mufu aMu;aiGESifhwuG tyfESif; rSmxm;cJhaMumif;
ESifh ajymqkdí bGdKifukvm;wpfa,mufudk ac:NyD;vQif uRefawmfwkdUudk [kdw,f\ wpfckaomaxmifhü oD;oefUjyifqifí
xm;aom pm;yGJü ae&mxkdifcif;ay;av\/
uRefawmfwkdUonf pm;yGJwGifxkdifum t&uftenf;i,fudk aomufMu&if; em&Dudk Munfhvkdufaomtcg 8 em&DESifh 15
rdepf &SdaeaMumif;udk awGUjrif&ojzifh ...
az/ /]b,fhES,fvJ? usKyfwkdUvl vmygOD;rvm;Asm? wpfywf½kdufvdkufwmrsm;jzpfaeyghr,f? uRefawmfwkdUu

'DrSmaewkef; olu ukdxGef;nGefUudk BuHcsifovkd BuHpnfaerSjzifh tusdK;enf;awmhwmyJ q&m}
&S m;/ /]rxl;ygbl; udkodef;armif? usKyfwkdUawmh tdrfrSmyJ aeae? [kdw,frSmyJ xrif;pm;aeae? olBuHcsifwm
BuHpnfaeEkdifwmygyJ? okdUaomf usKyfawmh usKyfwkdUvl vmvdrfhr,fvkdU xifw,f}
xkdcPü bGdKifukvm;onf tcef;i,ftwGif;okdU 0ifvmí w,fvDzkef;rS pH&Sm;qyfESifh pum;ajymvkdaMumif;

ajymonfESifh armifpH&Sm;onf w,fvDzkef; &Sd&mokdU vkdufoGm;av\/ ¤if;jyefvmaomtcg OD;xGef;azu
ta&;BuD;aomudpöuav; wpfck rNyD;ao;ojzifh xrif;pm;ESifhMu&ef? taMumif;udpörSm ig;rdepfxufydkí rMumEdkifrnf
jzpfí NyD;vQif NyD;csif; vma&mufrnfh taMumif;udk rSmMum;vkdufaMumif;ESifh jyefajymav\/
armif / /]'gjzifh wu,frsm; vmOD;rSmvm; q&m}
&S m;/ /]usKyfawmhjzifh vmvdrfhr,f xifw,f? ukdif; pm;ESifhMupdkUAsm}
uRefawmfwkdUonf bGdKifukvm;udk trdefYay;NyD;aemuf pGwfjyKwfwpfyGJudk aomufrdMuonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf
[dkw,fwGif;rS ]azmif; azmif; *Grf; 'kdif;} tp&Sdaom toHrsm;udk r&yfrem; Mum;&NyD;aemuf uRefawmfwkdU\
OD;acgif;ay:rS "mwfrD;rsm;onf uGJí wpfcef;vHk; arSmifESifhrnf;rnf; &Sdaeav\/ tcef;rBuD;twGif;üvnf;
Oa&mywkdufom; a,musfm;? rdef;rrsm; xrif;pm;vsuf &SdMu&m tqdkygtoHrsm;udk Mum;&onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf
rdef;rwkdUonf xdwfvefUaomtrlt&mESifh atmf[pfckefaygufum &SdaeMuonfudk arSmifrkdufBuD;twGif; Mum;Mu
&av\/
atmufyg tjzpftysufwkdUrSm armifpH&Sm;u udpöNyD;pD;aom tcgrS uRefawmfhtm; ajymíjyaom tjzpftysufrsm;
jzpfavonf/
,if;uJhodkU [kdw,fwpfckvHk; arSmifESihfrnf;rnf; &SdaeonfhtckdufwGif armifpH&Sm;onf uRefawmfwkdUESpfa,muftm;
xkdif&mrS rxbJ jidrf0yfpGmxkdifaeMu&ef trdefUay;NyD;vQif tdwfwGif;ü rD;jcpfudk EIduf,lrnfjyKonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf
at;pufpuf&Sdaom t&m0w¬Kwpfckonf armifpH&Sm;\ vnfukyfudk ½kwfw&uf xduyfí
]udkif;? usKyfa&mufygNyD udkpH&Sm;Asm;? rvIyfeJUaemf? wqdwfuav;? vIyf&if ypfvkdufr,f Mum;vm;}
a&TOa'gif;
[k armifpH&Sm;\ em;okdUuyfí wD;wkd;ajymaomtoHudk Mum;&avvQif armifpH&Sm;rSm xkdolum; tjcm;vlr[kwf?

"mwkaA'q&mBuD; OD;xGef;azyif jzpfaMumif;udk od&Sd&av\/
armifpH&Sm;rSmvnf; toufab;twGuf pkd;&drfjcif;xuf tHhMojcif;u ydkrdkonfjzpfí rvIyfr&Sm;bJ jidrf0yfpGm &Sdae

av&m OD;xGef;azu qufvufí
xGef;/ /]tjyifrSm qlaeMuwmawG Mum;&JUvm;? 'D[m usKyfvlrsm; vufcsufyJ? cifAsm;wkdYawmh 'DrSm tcsKyfrdaeNyD?
rvIyfESifhaemf udkpH&Sm;? cifAsm;vlrsm;udk vufukwfvm; bmvm; rvkyfavESifh? vkyf&if usKyfu ñSmrSm r[kwfbl;?
cifAsm; vnfacsmif;xJudk usnfqefESpfawmihfjyL; oGif;vkdufr,f odvm;? ajymwmudkom em;axmif? cifAsm;u bmrS
jyefNyD; rajzESifh Mum;&JUvm;}
xkdcPü cef;rBuD;twGif; pm;yGJxkdifvsuf&SdMuaom t*Fvdyfrsm;onf t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh xdwfvefUum

]em;oefoD;udk vljzKwfygNyD? vufaumufudk vk,loGm;ygNyD? &ifxkd;udk vkoGm;ygNyD} ponfjzifh qlnHpGm [pfatmfvsuf
&SdMuonfudk Mum;Mu&av\/ uRefawmfrSmrl armifpH&Sm;\ yxrtrdefUtwkdif; ukvm;xkdifü rvIyfr&Sm; jidrf0yfpGm
xkdifíapmihfae&av\/
xkdcPü tifpydwfawmf udktkef;azonf xkdif&mrS ½kwfw&ufxí ]tcef;rBuD;xJrSm vkukefNyDwJhq&m? tkd q&m?
q&m b,fuvJ} [k [pfatmfac:iifav&m armifpH&Sm;onf a,mif&rf;um xl;vkdufawmhrnf jyKonfwGif
ajcmufvHk;jyL; aoewfonf vnfukyfü a&S;uxuf eD;uyfpGm zdESdyfvkdufonfudk cHpm;&ojzihf owd&í wdwfqdwfpGm
&Sdae&jyefav\/ xkdtcg OD;xGef;azu qufvufí
xGef;/ /]udkpH&Sm;&JU? cifAsm;vl udkxGef;nGefU[m usKyfwkdU awmif;wJhaiGudk jrefjrefay;ygapAs? wpfaeUxufwpfaeU
aps;wufwufNyD; oGm;vkdU aemufqHk;wpfaeUusawmh ray;bJvnf; rae&bJESifh trsdK;om; rD;tmrcHukrÜPDav;
tvum; ysufpD;oGm;vdrfhr,fAs}
xkdcPü tifpydwfawmf ukdtkef;azonf rD;jcpfbl;udk awGU&Sdojzifh rD;jcpfwpfqHukd ½kwfw&ufjcpfNyD;vQif armifpH&Sm;
&Sd&mokdU Munfhvkduf&m armifpH&Sm;\aemufwnfhwnfhüuyfum &yfvsuf&Sdaomolukd jrifojzifh ]atmifr,f udkxGef;az
yguvm;AsdKU} [k a,mif&rf;um atmfvkdufav\/
,if;uJhokdU atmf[pfírQ toHrqHk;rD armifpH&Sm;onf rdrd\ ab;udk jrifonfjzpfí ukxm;xdkifrS rxbJ eHab;vkduf
Murf;ay:okdU ypfvSJNyD;vQif OD;xGef;az\ ajcaxmuf&Sdavmuf&mokdU vufESpfzufjzifh odrf;BuHK;ízufvkduf&m 'kdif;ceJ
aoewfoHwpfcsuf Mum;&NyD;aemuf usnfqHonf armifpH&Sm;\ yg;jyifudk &SyfíoGm;av\/
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;onf arSmifrdkufxJü ajcESpfzufudk udkifzrf;rdojzifh aphaphygatmif ñSpfNyD;vQif xkdoludk
Murf;ay:okdU bkdif;ceJ vJapav&m ukdtkef;azu rD;jcpfqHukd xyfrHjcpfMunfhaom tcgrS OD;xGef;azr[kwf bGdKifukvm;
jzpfaeaMumif; od&ojzifh vTwfvkduf&av\/
¤if;aemuf bGdKifukvm;rsm;? pma&;rsm;ESifh refae*smwkdUyg rD;tdrfrsm;ESifh tcef;rBuD;wGif;okdU a&mufvmMuí
tusdK;taMumif; ar;jref;Muaomtcg "mwfrD;rsm;onf tm;vHk;uGJvsuf &Sdonfudk awGUMu&onfjyif rsm;pGmaom
t*FvdyfrwkdUrSm vuf0wfvufpm;rsm; vk,ljcif; cH&ojzifh aysmufqHk;vsuf &SdaMumif; od&Sd&av\/
uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;? armiftkef;azwkdUvnf; [kdw,frS pdwfysufysufESifh xGufívmMuaomtcg 42 vrf;ü
wkdufBuD;wpfwkdufudk rD;avmifvsuf &SdaMumif;awGU&SdMu&av\/ rD;avmif&mokdU oGm;a&mufMuí armiftkef;azonf
wkduf&Sifudk awGUatmif&SmNyD;vQif tusdK;taMumif;ar;jref;onfhtcg wkduf&Sifu rD;avmifjcif;\ tprSm tvGefw&m
xl;qef;aMumif;? rdrdwkdUonf npmxrif;pm;NyD;ojzifh tdrfa&SUcef;ü xkdifíaeMupOf rD;vHk;BuD;wpfvHk; jywif;aygufrS
0ifvmNyD;vQif wpfcef;vHk; tESHYtjym; avmifuRrf;oGm;ojzifh rnfonfhypönf;udkrQ r,liifEkdifbJ vufrJh xGufajy;Mu&

aMumif;/ okdU&mwGif rdrdwkdufrSm rD;tmrcHxm;ojzifh ta&;rBuD;vSaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdav\/ xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;u
rnfonfhrD;tmrcHukrÜPDü rD;aygifxm;ygoenf;[k ar;jref;aomtcg wkduf&Sifu trsdK;om;rD;tmrcHukrÜPDü
rD;aygifxm;aMumif; jyefajymonfwGif armifpH&Sm;u ]usKyf txifom;yJ} [k jyefajymvkdufojzifh wkduf&Sifvnf;
tHhtm;oifhpGmESifh usefae&pfav\/
vrf;c&D;okdU a&mufaomtcg armifpH&Sm;u armiftkef;aztm; þtrItaMumif;udk pOf;pm;vkdao;onfjzpfí
reufjzefrS awGUMu&ef ajymqkdonfwGif armiftkef;azvnf; rdrdtapmifhxm;cJhaom vlrsm;udk ppfaq;&ef
xGufoGm;av\/
xkdnü armifpH&Sm;onf uRefawmfhtm;vnf; pum;wpfcGef;rQ rajymbJ zefcGufwpfckudk pm;yGJay:wGif wifNyD;vQif
teD;ü ukvm;xkdifay:rS wa,mudk BudK;trsdK;rsdK;ñSdí xkd;aeonfudkomvQif jrif&onfjzpfaomaMumifh uRefawmf
onf em;jiD;vSonfESifh tdyf&mokdU 0ifí tdyfav\/
eHeufvif;í tdyf&mrS xívmaomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf pm;yGJüxkdifvsuf ,refaeUnu t0wftpm;ESifhyif
&Sdaeao;&m
uRefawmf/ /]b,hfES,fvJ udkpH&Sm;? cifAsm; wpfnvHk; rtdyfbl;vm;}

&S m;/ /(OD;acgif;,rf;vsuf) ][ifhtif;}
uRefawmf/ /]bmvkyfaewmvJAs}
&S m;/ /]pHkprf;p&muav; wpfck &SdaevkdUAsm}
uRefawmf/ /]ae&musNyDvm;}
&S m;/ /]usygNyD? Munfhcsif&if zefcGufwpfck ,lcJhprf;Asm}
xkdtcg uRefawmfonf zefcGufwpfckudk ,lcJhí pm;yGJay:üwifxm;&m armifpH&Sm;onf wa,mudkaumuf,lí

av;acsmif;aom BudK;wkdUteuf ESpfacsmif;udk cyftt toHjzpfatmif vufjzifh rxdwxdydwfí av;BudK;jyL;
wpfNydKifeuf xkd;vkduf&m zefcGufonf zswfceJjrnfí uGJoGm;av\/ xkdtjcif;t&mudk uRefawmfonf tHhMopGmESifh
Munfhaeonf/
&S m;/ /]*smreDjynfu ya&mfzufqmBuD;wpfOD;a&;wJh pmtkyfwpftkyfudk usKyfzwf&zl;w,f? zwfwkef;uawmh

r,HkUw,HkyJ? ckawmhrS wpfnvHk;prf;MunfhrdvkdU ,HkayNyDAsm}
uRefawmf/ /]aMomf OD;xGef;azwkdUu 'DÓPfudk;As? EkdY [kdwkef;u bmoHrS rMum;&yguvm;As}
&S m;/ /]toHqkdwm Mum;&wJh toHvnf; &Sdw,fAs? rMum;&wJh toHvnf; &Sdw,fAs? usKyfwkdU cifAsm;wkdU em;u
tifrwef xif&Sm;vmwJh toHudkrS Mum;&wmudk; ... okdYaomf ... }
xkdcPü wHcg;udk acgufoHMum;ojzifh uRefawmfonf oGm;a&mufzGifhay;avvQif ,refaeUu ukdxGef;nGefUonf

wkefvIyfaom trlt&mESifh tdrfcef;wGif;okdU wkd;0ifvm&m ¤if;\aemufrS tifpydwfawmf armiftkef;azvnf;
xufMuyfygvmav\/
a&TOa'gif;
ukvm;xkdifwGif xkdifrdonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf udkxGef;nGefUu OD;pH&Sm;\pum;udk em;axmifrdonfhtwGuf rdrdrSm

tusdK;aus;Zl; epfemqHk;½HI;&jcif; cH&NyDjzpfaMumif;? ,refaeUnu 42 vrf;ü wkdufudk rD;avmifjcif;rSm OD;xGef;azwkdU
vlpk\ vufcsufjzpfí ¤if;wkdufrSm aiG 50000d ESifh rdrd\ ukrÜPDü rD;aygifxm;NyD;jzpfaMumif;? tu,fí OD;xGef;az
awmif;cHonfhtwkdif; rlvu ay;vkduf&ygrl þrQavmufepfemqHk;½HI;jcif; jzpf&rnfr[kwfaMumif;rsm;ESifh nnf;nL
ajymqkdav\/ armifpH&Sm;vnf; udkxGef;nGefU\ jrnfwGefjcif;wkdUudk cyfNyHK;NyHK;rsufESmxm;ESifh em;axmifvsuf&Sd&m
tifpydwfawmf armiftkef;azu ..
az/ /]uRefawmf tBuHwpfck ay:vmw,f q&m }

&S m;/ /]bmrsm;vJAsm}
az/ /]raeUu t*Fvdyfav,mOfysH wpfpif; &efukefrSm qkdufa&mufvmw,f q&m}
&S m;/ /]onfawmh OD;xGef;azqDu ckdudk vTwfMunfhNyD; av,mOfysHESifh vkdufMunfh&&if OD;xGef;azwkdU ykef;aewJh
ae&mudk odEkdif&JUvkdU cifAsm;u qkdcsifw,f r[kwfvm;}
az/ /][kwfw,fq&m}
&S m;/ /]av,mOfysHudk cifAsm; &atmif iSm;Ekdif&if prf;MunfhwmayghAsm}
az/ /]ykvdyfrif;BuD;udk,fwkdif pma&;NyD;iSm;&if &avmufyg&JUq&m? 'gjzifh b,fawmh prf;MunfhrvJ}
&S m;/ /]'DuaeU&&if 'DuaeU prf;wmayghAsm}
az/ /]aumif;NyDq&m? 'gjzifh uRefawmf ajy;NyD; pDrHvkdufOD;r,f}
&S m;/ /]udkxGef;nGefUaum vkdufMunfhOD;r,f r[kwfvm;}
nGefU/ /]ckdvTwfwJh tcsdefusawmhrS uRefawmf vmcJhr,f? ,ckawmh udpöuav; wpfck &Sdao;vkdU jyefyg&apOD;cifAsm}
¤if;aemuf armiftkef;azESifh udkxGef;nGefUwkdUonf wkdufay:rS qif;oGm;Muav\/
¤if;aeU em&Djyef wpfcsuf tcsdefcefUwGif armiftkef;azESifh armifxGef;nGefUwkdUonf uRefawmfwkdUxH jyefvmMuav&m
armiftkef;azu ykvdyfrif;BuD;trdefUESifh av,mOfysHudk iSm;&rf;cJhNyD;jzpfaMumif; ajymMum;av\/ xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;u
ckd\ajcaxmufwGif csnfívTwf&ef pmudk armifxGef;nGefUtm; a&;om;ap&m armifxGef;nGefUu atmufygtwkdif;
pmwpfapmif a&;om;av\/
]]awmif;cHonfhaiGudk ay;ygawmhrnf/ rnfodkUenf; ESifhrnfonfhae&mokdU aiGykdU&rnfudk taMumif;jyef Mum;yg}}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwkdU av;OD;onf av,mOfysH xm;&mjzpfaom jrif;wmygwfuGif;okdU ckdESifhwuG oGm;a&muf

Muav\/ av,mOfysH armif;orm;vnf; tqifoifhapmifhqkdif;vsuf &Sd&m armifpH&Sm;onf ckdudk avSmiftdrfrS xkwf,l
NyD;aemuf ,cifu pmudk ajcaxmufwGif csnfaESmifum toifhNyD;pD;atmif pDrHíxm;av\/ xkdUaemuf av,mOfysH
onf aumif;uifodkUysHwufav&m aumif;uifodkU a&mufítcsufay;vkdufonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf armifpH&Sm;onf ckdudk
vTwfvkdufav\/ vufrS vTwfvkdufonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf ckdonf tenf;i,f &pf0Jum ysHoef;NyD;aemuf ajrmufpl;pl;
t&yfodkU ysHoGm;av\/ av,mOfysHvnf; ¤if;\aemufokdU rDatmif vkdufav\/ xkdtcg uRefawmfwkdUrSm
þwpfBudrfüum; OD;xGef;az ykef;atmif;&m t&yfudk od&acsawmhrnf[k atmufarharQmfvifhvsuf armiftkef;az
rSmvnf; 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzifh vufESpfzufudkyGwfum
]ae&musNyD q&ma&U? ae&musNyD udkodef;armifa&}

[k ajymqkdvsuf &Sdonf/ ckdonf vTwf&mt&yfrS ESpfrdepfcefU ysHrdonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf ckd wpfaumif ESpfaumif
oHk;aumif ponfwkdUonf aumif;uifü ay:ívmMuav\/ uRefawmfwkdU Munfhíaeonfh twGif; ckdta&twGuf
onf wkd;íwkd;ívmav&m aemufqHk;ü aumif;uifwpfjyifvHk; ckdrsm;ESifh jynfhíaeonfjzpfaomaMumifh
av,mOfysHarmif;orm;onf rsufpd½IyfaxG;NyD;vQif rnfondaemufodkU vkduf&rnf rodEkdifbJ wmywfuGif;okdU
jyefvmcJh&av\/
&S m;/ /(cyfNyHK;NyHK;rsufESmESifh) ]b,fhES,fvJ udktkef;az}

az/ /][kwfyg&JU q&m? av,mOfysHESifh vkdufr,fhtaMumif;udk b,folursm; oGm;NyD; owif;ay;
vkdufygvdrhfr,fq&m}
nGefU/ /]cufvkdufavw,f cifAsm? wpfcgjzifh uRefawmfwkdU ukrÜPDrSm ig;yg;BuD; arSmufawmhrSmyJ cifAsm? b,hfES,f
vkyf&ygr,f cifAsm? ckdvTwfzkdUvnf; r&Sdbl;? wpfaeUxufwpfaeU aMu;wkd;wkd;NyD;awmif;awmhrSmygyJ cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]aeygOD;av? udpör&Sdygbl;? usKyfwkdU BuHygOD;r,f}
nGefU/ /]cifAsm;wkdUBuHwmu aemuf? uRefawmf ysufpD;wmu t&if jzpfaevdrfhr,f xifw,f? 'DuaeUqkd&if
b,fwkdufudk olwkdU rD;½dIUOD;r,f rqkdEkdifbl;}
&S m;/ /]r½dIUao;ygbl;Asm? cifAsm; pmxJrSm awmif;wJhtwdkif;ay;yghr,fvkdU a&;vkdufw,f r[kwfvm;? jyefpm
&ygvdrfhOD;r,f xifw,f? ukdif; udkif; jyefMuOD;pkdUAsm? jyefpm &&ifvJ udkxGef;nGefUu usKyfwkdU tdrfudk csufcsif;
a&mufatmif vmcJhayawmh }
uRefawmfwkdU av;OD;onf NrdKUwGif;okdU twlwuG jyefvmMu&m pawmhudwfvrf; ( ,ck odrfjzLvrf; ) okdU

a&mufaomtcg cGJcGmí oGm;Muav\/ twefi,f oGm;rdaomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf ½kwfw&uf tBuHwpfck &í
wefU&yfNyD;vQif ..
&S m;/ /]udkodef;armif? wpfck vkyfay;prf;Asm}
&S m;/ /]ukdxGef;nGefU aemufudk ra,mifrvnfvkdufoGm;NyD; wkdufa&SUudk a&mufawmh vl0ifvlxGufrsm;udk
trSwfrJhMunfhcJhprf;Asm}
xkdtcg uRefawmfonf ukdxGef;nGefUu armfawmfum; wpfpif;okdU wufoGm;onfudk jrifojzifh tjcm;um;wpfpif;ESifh

vkdufav\/
ukdxGef;nGefU\ armfawmfum;&yfí udkxGef;nGefU um;ay:rS qif;aomtcg uRefawmfonf armfawmfum;udk
tenf;i,f ausmffvGefí armif;apNyD;rS &yfapNyD;vQif um;ay:rS qif;í ukdxGef;nGefU\ wkdufa&SUrS &yfí
apmifhaeav\/
em&D0ufcefU apmifhqkdif;ygaomfvnf; rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ 0ifxGufjcif;jyKonfudk rawGUjrif&av&m
ukdxGef;nGefUonf wkdufjyifokdU ½kwfw&uf xGufvmNyD;vQif vefcsm;wpfpD;udk ac:í pD;eif;oGm;av\/
uRefawmfvnf; tjcm;vefjcm;wpfpD;ESifh reD;ra0;rS vkdufav\/ uRefawmfwkdU aexkdif&m vrf; 40 okdU
a&TOa'gif;
a&mufaomtcg ukdxGef;nGefUonf vefcsm;ay:rS qif;í wkdufay:okdU wufoGm;av&m uRefawmfvnf; vefcsm;udk

vTwfvkdufNyD;aemuf wkdufay:odkU wufvmcJhav\/
ukdxGef;nGefUvnf; armifpH&Sm;tm; pmwpfapmifudk jyovsuf &Sd&m ¤if;rSm OD;xGef;azxHrS jzpfí atmufygtwkdif;
yg&Sdav\/
jyefpmud k&yg\/ aiGu dk ,aeUnem&D jyef wpf csuf tcsd efwG if jynfvrf;ta&S Ubufa*gufuvyfteD; ppfuGif;BuD;
tvnfA[dk&Sd a*guf½kdufaom wGif;i,fokdU wpfa,mufwnf; vmíxnfhyg/ tazmfygvQifvnf; twGufr&Sd/
okd U&mwGif aiG xm;&rnfh ae&mES if h ud kuf 300 twGif;okdU vltazmfrygbJ wpfa,mufwnf; vm&rnf/
tazmfygvQif epf emavmufa tmif pD &ifvd rfh rnf /
pmudkzwfMuNyD;aemuf ...
&S m;/ /]'Dpm[m cifAsm;vufudk b,fenf;ESifh a&mufovJ}
nGefU/ /]tdrfudk uRefawmfjyefa&mufNyD;wJhaemuf jywif;aygufu arQmfMunfhaewkef; wkdufa&SUrSm um;wpfpD;&yfNyD;
vlwpfa,muf um;ay:u qif;vm? uRefawmfhrsufESm armhMunfhNyD; pmudk wkdufa&SUrSm csoGm;w,f}
&S m;/ /(uRefawmfhtm; Munfhvsuf) ]'Dawmhum ukdxGef;nGefUu wdkufay:uqif;NyD; aumuf,la&mvm;}
nGefU/ /][kwfygw,f}
&S m;/ /]olwkdUawmif;wJhaiGudk 'DuaeU cifAsm;&atmif &SmEdkifyghrvm;}
nGefU/ /]&atmif r&Sm&if b,fhES,fvkyfrvJ cifAsm? ukrÜPDu 'g½kdufwm vlBuD;rsm;u ukrÜPDepfemqHk;½HI;jcif;jzifh
rcHyg&apESifh? olwkdU awmif;wJhaiGudk ukrÜPDuyJ pkdufxkwfNyD; ay;yg&apawmhvkdU twefwef wkdufwGef;NyD;aeygw,f?
OD;pH&Sm;qD uRefawmf wkdifyifzkdU vmwmawmif olwkdYu tcsdefukefw,fqkdNyD; aumif;aumif; oabmrwlMubl;cifAs?
aiGudkawmif raeUuwnf;u bPfwkdufu toifhxkwfNyD;xm;ygw,f}
&S m;/ /]aiGpuúLvm; ? aiGom;vm;}
nGefU/ /]aiGpuúLygyJ cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]eHygwfrsm; rSwf,lNyD;NyDvm;}
nGefU/ /]'g½kdufwm vlBuD;rsm;uawmh udpöat;oGm;atmif[m rSwfawmif rrSwfygESifhawmhvkdU ajymaew,f? EkdYayr,fh
uRefawmfuawmh rSwfxm;ygw,f cifAsm}
&S m;/ /]udkif; aumif;NyD? 'DuaeUn 10 em&Davmufudk aiGESifhwuG cifAsm; a&mufatmif vmcJhayawmhAsm?
ukdtkef;azudkvJ usKyfac:NyD;xm;ESifhr,f? usKyfwkdU udk,fwkdifvkdufNyD; vrf;ay:u apmifhae&pfr,f? cifAsm;u
olrSmwJhtwkdif; oGm;NyD; xm;ayawmh ? jyef&zkdUawmh usKyfwkdUwm0ef &SdygapawmhAsm?
nGefU/ /]aumif;ygNyDAsm}
¤if;aemuf udkxGef;nGefUvnf; wkdufay:rS qif;oGm;av\/ xkdol xGufoGm;aomtcg

&S m;/ /]b,hhfES,fvJ udkodef;armif? ol ajymwJhtwkdif;yJvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]uRefawmfjzifh rjrifaygifcifAsm? wkdufa&SU reD;ra0;uaeNyD; apmifhMunfhaevkdufwm? b,fu

armfawmfum;rS &yfwmrjrifbl;}
&S m;/ /]aocsm&JUaemf}
uRefawmf/ /]aocsmyg&JUcifAsm? b,fhES,faMumifh udkxGef;nGefUu vdrfajymygvdrfhr,f}
&S m;/ /(NyHK;&,fvsuf) ]odcsdefwefawmh odygvdrfhr,fAsm}
¤if;n 10 em&DtcsdefcefUwGif tifpydwfawmf armiftkef;az a&mufvmav&m rMumrDtwGif;wGif armifxGef;nGefUvnf;

aiGxkyfESifh wuG a&mufvmav\/
xkdUaemuf armifpH&Sm;ESifh armiftkef;azwkdUvnf; xkdntwGuf aqmif&Guf&ef udpöudk pDpOfvsuf &SdMu&m udkxGef;nGefU
rSm tvGefESajrmonfh vu©PmESifh aiGxkyfudk cPcP Munfhíaeav\/
12 em&Dxkd;onfESifhwpfNydKifeuf armifpH&Sm; toifhrSmíxm;aom armfawmfum;onf qkdufa&mufívmav&m
uRefawmfwkdU av;OD;onf wkdufay:rS qif;NyD;aemuf um;ay:okdUwufMuojzihf um;vnf;armif;ESifí oGm;av\/
jynfvrf;&Sd ta&SUbuf a*gufuvyfteD;okdU a&mufMuaomtcg um;udk &yfapí uRefawmfwkdUonf um;ay:rS

qif;oufMuav&m xkdnrSm vjynfhausmf 4&ufrQ &Sdao;onfjzpfaomaMumifh vrif;onf aumif;uifü MunfvifpGm
xGef;yvsuf &Sdav\/ xkdtcsdefonfum; 12 em&DcGJtcsdef jzpfav\/
uRefawmfwkdUonf ppfuGif;BuD;teD; opfyifBuD; wpfyifatmufü apmifhqkdif;íaeMuojzifh em&Djyef wpfcsufxkd;
onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf udkxGef;nGefUudk aiGxkyfESifh apvTwfvkdufav\/
uRefawmfwkdUonf ¤if;tm; rsufajcrjywf&atmif ukef;jrifhwpfckrS wufíarQmfMunfhaeMu&m udkxGef;nGefUonf
ukef;jrifhrsm; csdKifhrsm;udk ausmfvGefNyD;aemuf aiGxkyfudk uGif;BuD;\ tv,fü&Sdaom wGif;i,fü xnfhxm;cJhNyD;vQif
uRefawmfwkdU &Sd&mokdU wpfzefvSnfhí jyefvmcJhav\/
uRefawmfwkdUonf ukef;jrifhrS wufNyD;vQif aiGxkyfxm;&m t&yfudkvnf;aumif;? ukdxGef;nGefUudkvnf;aumif;
arQmfMunfhíaeMu&m ¤if;uGif;BuD; ywfywfvnfüvnf; ykvdyfom;wkdU 0dkif;&Hacsmif;ajrmif;vsuf &SdaMumif;udk
armiftkef;azajymojzifh od&av\/ ¤if;wkdY\ tBuHrSm aiGxkyfudk wpfpHkwpfa,mufaomolu ,l&ef ay:xGuf
vmonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf av;rsufESmaom t&yfwkdUrS ykvdyfwkdUu wpfNydKifwnf; ajy;vmNyD;vQif xkdoludk
zrf;qD;&efjzpfavonf/
ukdxGef;nGefUonf uRefawmfwkdUxH jyefí a&mufvmNyD;onfhaemuf ig;rdepfcefU Mumaomfvnf; wpfpHkwpfa,mufaom
olrQ aiGxkyfudk,l&ef rxGufay:vmbJ &Sdae&m uRefawmfwkdUrSm wdwfqdwfpGm toufudkyif atmihfí apmifhMunfh
ae&onfjzpfaomaMumifh &ifzkdvdIufvsuf &SdaeMuav\/
wpfcPrQMumvQif aiGxkyfxm;aom t&yfrS rIdif;írIdif;í vmav&m ukdtkef;azu aqmif;&moD r[kwfygbJvsuf
qD;ESif;rsm; usívmavovm;[k tHhMoum ESmacgif;udk jyif;pGm ½I½Idufvsuf &Sdav\/
xkdtawmtwGif; aiGxkyf&Sd&m t&yfrS rdIif;onfxufrdIif;í wufvmNyD;vQif aemufqHk;ü rD;ckd;rsm; tlí
xGufbdouJhokdU wvdyfvdyfESifh wufvmí xuf0ef;usift&yfudk rjrifEkdifbJ &Sdav&m armifpH&Sm;onf
]vmMuAsdKU? ukdtkef;az? qD;ESif; r[kwfbl;AsdKU? rD;cdk;awGAsdKU}
a&TOa'gif;
[k ajymNyD;aemuf aiGxkyf&Sd&m t&yfokdU wpf[kefxkd; ajy;oGm;av\/
uRefawmfESifh armiftkef;azwkdUvnf; ¤if;\aemufodkU vkdufMuav&m twefi,fajy;rdMuvQif rD;ckd;twdjzpfvsuf

rnfonfudkrQ rjrif&bJ a&mf,rf;umomvQif ajy;Mu&av\/ armifpH&Sm;rSmrl tajy;vQifjrefonfhtjyif
rSef;ajcvnf; aumif;ojzifh aiGxkyf&Sd&mokdU a&S;OD;pGm a&mufoGm;av&m uRefawmfwkdUrSm olUaemufokdU tvJvJ
tuGJuGJESifh vkdufMu&av\/
armifpH&Sm;onf pdwftm;BuD;ESifh ajy;oGm;í aiGxkyf&Sd&mokdU a&mufonfESifhwpfNydKifeuf a*guf½kdufaom wGif;i,fudk
vufjzifhEIdufvkduf&m aiGxkyfudk prf;rdojzifh aemufrusao;[lí 0rf;ajrmufrdav\/ aemufwpfcPüum;
cyfat;at;&Sdaom vufwpfzufonf armifpH&Sm;\ vufaumuf0wfukd qkyfudkifrdvkdufNyD; a'goBuD;vSaom
vu©PmESifh tHBudwfum avoHjzifh Mudrf;0g;vkduf&m armifpH&Sm;onf vuf0JvufoD;jzifh xkdol\
yg;csdwf&Sdavmuf&mokdY aumfí owfvkdufav\/
armifpH&Sm;rSm vufoD;jyif;ol wpfa,muf jzpfonfh tjyif towftykwfüvnf; usifvnfaomaMumifh
¤if;vufoD;csuf pGJcJhvQif xkdolrSm wHk;ceJ vJ&rnfjzpf&m ,ckrSmrl vludk rjrif&bJ a&mf,rf;íxkd;&jcif;rQ
jzpfaomaMumifh ycHk;udkomvQif xkd;rdav\/ xkdtcg xkdoluvnf; vufpm;acsonfhtaejzihf armifpH&Sm;\ &if0udk
vufoD;jzifh xkd;vkduf&m uRefawmfwkdUrSm vludk rjrif&aomfvnf; tGwfceJ Mum;vkduf&av\/
xkdtcgüum; armifpH&Sm;onf pdwfaumif;aumif; xGufNyDjzpfí xkdol\vnfyif;udk ñSpfNyD;vQif ajray:odkU
udkifíaygufrnfjyK&m xkdolrSmvnf; cGeftm;aumif;oljzpfí ESpfa,mufvHk; ajray:okdU vdrfhoGm;Muav\/
xkdtcg armiftkef;azESifh uRefawmfwkdU a&mufvmMuí armifpH&Sm;udk ulnDum xkdolukd zrf;qD;Mu&m
ykvdyfom;wkdUvnf; t&yfav;rsufESmrS a&mufvmMuojzifh xkdoludk vufxdyfcwfvdkufav\/ xkdolonfum;
tjcm;r[kwf/ "mwkaA'q&mBuD; OD;xGef;azyifjzpfavonf/
armifpH&Sm;onf tusOf;orm;udk ykvdyfrsm;ESifh xm;cJhí vufESdyf"mwfrD;wpfckESifh uGif;ywfvnfokdU avQmufíMunfh&m
wGif;ESifh ay 150 cefU a0;aom t&yfü ajrBuD;rsm;udk vlwpfa,muf ykef;atmif;avmufatmif wl;íxm;onfudk
awGU&Sd&av\/
&S m;/ /]"mwkaA'em;vnfwkdif; ÓPfudk tvGJoHk;pm; jyKwJh vlwpfa,mufyJAsdKU? uHaumif;vkdUAsm? enf;enf; uav;
avmuf aemufusoGm;vkdU&Sd&if aiGxkyfudk,lNyD; onfwGif;rSm ykef;NyD; tay:u onfuyfudk zHk;xm;vkduf&if
b,fenf;ESifhrS usKyfwkdUawGUatmif &SmEdkifawmhr,f r[kwfbl;As? atmifr,f 'gxuf wpfck arhaeygao;w,fAsm}
[k ajymNyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf ykvdyfrsm; &Sd&mokdU oGm;av\/
xkdtcgüum; udkxGef;nGefUonf tusOf;orm;udk xkd;awmhrnf BudwfawmhrnfuJhokdU jyKae&m ..

&S m;/ /][efvkyfraeygESifh? udk,fhtazudk udk,fxkd;vkdU owfvkdU awmfEkdifyghrvm; udkxGef;nGefU&,f}
[k ajymonfwGif ukdxGef;nGefUrSm rsufvHk;rsm; jyL;vsuf &Sdav\/ xkdtcg ..
&S m;/ /]ukdif; udktkef;az? ESpfa,mufpvHk; zrf;AsdKU? tm*ÓPfoGm;wJh om;tzAsm vGefa&m}
xkdtcg ykvdyfwkdUvnf; ESpfa,mufvHk;udk zrf;NyD;vQif XmemodkY aqmif,loGm;Muav\/ vrf;c&D;ü armiftkef;azu
az/ /]om;tzrSef; q&m b,fhES,fodovJ q&m}
&S m;/ /]ckdvTwfuwnf;u usKyfu ukdxGef;nGefU[m wu,fr[kwf? olwkdUESifh BuHazmfpnfbufyJvkdY &dyfrdwmudk;As?

&dyfrdwJhtwkdif; udkodef;armifudk wkdufaygufu apmifhNyD;Munfhap? usKyfudk,fwkdifuvJ olUtaMumif; pHkaxmuf
Munfhvkdufawmh OD;xGef;azESifh ukdxGef;nGefU[m om;tzjzpfaMumif; usKyf odcJh&wmudk;As}
az/ /]tazu om;udk aiGñSpfawmif;ae&ao;ovm; q&m}
&S m;/ /]udktkef;azu a0;ao;wmudk;As? ukdxGef;nGefU ay;wJhaiG[m olUaiGr[kwfbl;As? ukrÜPDu xkwfNyD;ay;&wmAs? }
az/ /]aMomf [kwfygayh q&m}
&S m;/ /]OD;xGef;azrSm om;wpfa,muf ruao;bl;As? &mxl;XmeEÅ&BuD;awGrSm vkyfudkifaewJh om;BuD;awG &Sdao;
w,f? OD;xGef;az rdaywJh usKyfuawmh 'DtrI at;ao;r,f rxifygbl;Asm}
(armifpH&Sm; awG;xifonfhtwkdif; [kwfrSefaMumif;udk aemif tcGifhomonfhtcg qufvufa&;om; azmfjy&ayOD;tHh)
NyD;ygNyD/
______
a&TOa'gif;
30/ ya&mfz ufqm q&mBuD; OD;xGef;azESifh armifpH& Sm;

ya&mfzufqm q&mBuD;OD;xGef;azudk pHkaxmufarmifpH&Sm;u vuf&zrf;rdojzifh tcsKyfaxmifü oGif;xm;NyD;vQif ½Hk;wGif
wifí ppfaq;rnfhaeUü &efukefNrdKUolNrdKUom;wkdUonf emrnfausmfMum;aom w&m;cHwpfOD;jzpfonfESifh trI
em;axmif&ef ½Hk;okdU vma&mufMuav&m eHeuf 10 em&D rxkd;rD tcsdefuyifvQif wpf½Hk;vHk; jynfhESufvsuf
&SdaeMuav\/ tcsdKUaom owif;pmwkdUuvnf; OD;xGef;az\ tw¬KyÜwådukd *smreDjynfokdU ynmoif oGm;a&muf
onfrS pí vlowfrIESifh rSm;,Gif;zrf;qD;jcif;rsm;? owfol xif&Sm;ay:aygufvmaom tcgü OD;xGef;azu rdrdtm;
rw&m;ojzifh axmifokdUoGif;í tusOf;cH&onfhtwGuf rauseyfonfjzpfí *sL&DvlBuD;rsm;ESifh oufaorsm;tay:ü
vufpm;acsyHkrsm;? ¤if;\om;rsm;u ulnDaqmif&GufyHkrsm;? aemufqHk;ü armifpH&Sm;u vuf&zrf;qD;rdyHkrsm;udk
"mwfyHkESifhwuG a&;om;xkwfa0Muav&m y&dowfwkdUrSm ½Hk;0if;twGif;wGif owif;pmudk,fpDESifh BudK;rdefUusrnf
rusrnf rsm;udk toD;oD; xifjrifcsuf ay;Muojzifh qlnHpGm &SdaeMuavownf;/
armifpH&Sm;rSmvnf; xkdtrIü ta&;BuD;aom oufaoBuD;wpfOD;jzpfav&um; tpdk;&pHkaxmuf tifpydwfawmf
armiftkef;azESifh uRefawmfwkdUonf armifpH&Sm;ESifhtwl tpkd;&a&SUaeBuD; rpöwmay:&DqifESifh 10 em&DtcsdefwGif ¤if;\
tvkyfwkdufü awGUqHk&ef csdef;qdkxm;onfjzpfí oHk;a,mufom; oGm;a&mufMuav\/
uRefawmfwkdUonf vrf; 40 rS xGufvmí ql;avbk&m;odkU a&mufMuonfESifhwpfNydKifeuf vltajrmuftjrm; pHk½kH;um
&yfvsuf pum;qlnHpGm ajymqkdaeMuonfESihf awGUMuav&m armiftkef;azu ¤if;wkdUtv,fokdU wkd;0ifNyD;aemuf
tusdK;taMumif;udk ar;jref;pHkprf;aomtcg atmufygtjcif;t&mwkdUudk awGUjrif&ojzifh tHhMordav\/ taMumif;
aomfum; ql;avbk&m;\ tkwfwHwkdif;wGif xif&Sm;vSpGmaom pmvHk;BuD;rsm;jzihf pm&GufBuD;wpf&GufwGif atmufyg
twkdif; a&;om;íuyfxm;onfudk awGUjrif&ayaomaMumifhyifwnf;/
]]ya&mfzufqmBuD; OD; xGef;az\ trIwG if tpkd;&bufrS yg0iftppfcH aom oufaorsm;

tm;vHk; udk BudK;qGJcsí owfypfvdrfhrnf}}
¤if;pmudk zwfNyD;aemuf armiftkef;azonf aeUvnfaMumifawmifwGif þuJhokdU &J0HhpGm NrdKUv,fü ¤if;aMumfjim

uyfxm;0HhonfhtwGuf pdwfqkd;vsuf teD;ü&Sdaom vrf;apmihfykvdyfudk ac:iifar;jref;&m ¤if;ykvdyfu vGefcJhonfh
em&D0ufavmuftcsdefu vlwpfa,mufonf Avmpm&GufBuD; wpf&Gufukd tkwfeH&Hü vma&mufuyfoGm;onfudk
jrifvkduf&aMumif;? xkdtcgu rdrdonf Avmpm&GufBuD; uyfoGm;onfudk jrifaomfvnf; xl;qef;aom aMumfjimenf;
wpfrsdK;yif xifrSwfí rnfokdUrQ ta&;r,lvkdufaMumif;/ vGefcJhonfh ig;rdepfcefU twGif;wGifrS pmvHk;rsm;onf
wjznf;jznf;ay:í vrf;oGm;c&D;onfrsm;ESifh rdrdrSm tHhMopGmESifhMunfhaeMu&aMumif;rsm;ESifh jyefajymav\/ aMumfjim
uyfaomolrSmrl rnfonfht&yfokdUxGufoGm;aMumif; tppfrcHEkdifatmif &Sdae&m? armiftkef;azrSm rnfokdUrQ ta&;r,l
EkdifbJ aMumfjimudkomvQif qGJíqkwfypfNyD;vQif uRefawmfwkdUESifhtwl a&SUaeBuD; rpöwmay:&Dqif\ tvkyfwkdufokdU
qufvufoGm;a&mufMuav\/ vrf;c&D;wGif ...
az/ /]b,fhES,fhvJ q&m? w,fNyD; jcdrf;ajcmufvkdufyguvm;? OD;xGef;az&JU wynfhrsm; vufcsufxifw,f}
&S m;/ /]tppfaygh udktkef;az? 'DtrI[m at;at;csrf;csrf;ESifh pD&ifcsufcsEdkifr,fh trIr[kwfbl;? usKyfxifw,f}
az/ /]q&mu wu,fvkyfvdrfhr,f xifNyD; aMumufvkdUvm;}
&S m;/ /]aMumufwm raMumufwm tyxm;? tvum;awmh Ncdrf;ajcmufr,fh vlawGr[kwfbl; vdkU usKyfxifw,f?
usKyfwGifrubl;? cifAsm;vnf; oufaoygaew,f? toGm;tvm taetxkdif owdxm;aemf udktkef;az}
az/ /]ausmcsrf;atmif rvkyfprf;ygESifh q&m}

&S m;/ /]wu,fajymwmAs? ukdtkef;az&JU? q&mBuD; rdayr,fh wynfhaumif;awG om;aumif;awG tyHkBuD; aygwJhvlAs?
wpfoif;vHk; rrdbJ usKyfwkdU pdwfrat;&aybl;}
az/ /]'gxuf b,fhES,faMumfjimrsdK;vJ q&m? uyfwkef;uawmh pm&GuftvGwfwJh? awmfawmfMumrS pmvHk;awG
ay:vmowJh ? b,fhES,fvJ q&m}
&S m;/ /]"mwkaAu uRrf;usifwJh yk*d¾KvfrsdK;udk cifAs? yxrwkef;u rxif&Sm;bJ awmfawmfMumrS ay:vmwJh rifrsdK;udk
cifAs}
az/ /]onfbufujzifh wzufurf;cyf wwfajrmufygayh q&m}
xkdrS qufvufoGm;a&mufMuí uRefawmfwkdUonf ukefonfvrf;&Sd tpkd;&a&SUaeBuD; rpöwmay:&Dqif\ tvkyfwkduf

okdU a&mufMuaomtcg ¤if;\pma&;BuD;ESifh tvkyfcef;wGif awGUqHkrdojzifh ar;jref;Munfh½IrdonfwGif rpöwm
ay:&Dqif rvmra&mufao;aMumif; od&Sd&av\/ em&D0ufcefU apmifhqkdif;í aeygaomfvnf; a&SUaeBuD; rvm
ra&mufao;bJ &SdaeavvQif pma&;BuD;u a&SUaeBuD;onf ,ckrQavmuf ta&;BuD;aomaeUü rqkdxm;bd? cgwkdif;
üyif 10 em&Dwdwd vma&mufwwfonfjzpfí ta&;BuD;aom udpöwpfpHkwpfck &SdaeNyD[k awG;awmylyifrdav\/
¤if;\ tBuHay;csuft& uRefawmfwkdUonf abmif'&Dvrf; (,ck "r®apwDvrf;) &Sd ¤if;\aetdrfokdU oGm;a&muf
Muav&m tdrfüvIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm; vltrsm;oGm;vmaeonfudk jrif&ojzifh wpfpHkwpfck jzpfESifhaMumif; cefUrSef;
rdMuav\/ tdrfwGif;okdU 0ifrdMuonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf a&SUaeBuD; rpöwmay:&DqifrSm rdrd\ tdyfcef;twGif;ü
BudK;qGJcsí aoqHk;vsuf &SdaMumif; od&Sd&av\/
tavmif;udk 0ifa&mufMunfh½INyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;onf armiftkef;azESifh wD;wkd;wdkifyifvsuf &SdMu&m ...
az/ /]b,fhES,fvJ q&m? cufaeukefygNyDaum}

&S m;/ /]'gaMumifh usKyf rajymbl;vm;? olwdkYvlpk[m ajcmufwm r[kwfbl;? wu,fvkyfwJh vlpkawGvkdU usKyf
ajymw,f r[kwfvm;}
az/ /]pdwfnpfvkdYrsm;}
&S m;/ /]b,fu [kwf&rSmvJAsm? reufu aMumfjim rjrifcJh&bl;vm;}
az/ /]wu,fvm; q&m}
&S m;/ /]tkd rvGJygbl;Asm? olwdkU vufcsufyg? ukdif; 'gxuf? olwkdUtBuHu 'DtrIudk 'DuaeU rppfaq;jzpfbJ
&ufvTJ&atmif BuHpnfwmESifhwlw,f? usKyfwkdUuvJ &ufrvTJbJ 'DuaeUppfjzpfatmif ppfaq;zkdU BudK;pm;&vdrfhr,f}
az/ /]a&SUaeBuD;rS r&SdbJ b,fhES,fwwfEkdifrvJ q&m}
&S m;/ /]a&SUaeBuD; r&Sd&if vufaxmuf tpkd;&a&SUae &Sdao;om;uyJAsm? vmyg? tusdK;taMumif; usKyfajymjyNyD; 'DtrI
'DuaeUppfjzpfatmif usKyf BuHpnfyghr,f}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUonf vufaxmuftpkd;&a&SUae\ aetdrfokdU ta&;wBuD; oGm;a&mufMuav\/
vufaxmuf tpkd;&a&SUaeBuD; rpöwmyuúm;onf rpöwmay:&Dqif aoqHk;onfhtwGuf tvGefw&m wkefvIyf
onfjzpfí ¤if;trIudk xkdaeYü qufvufaqmif&Guf&ef pdwfav;vSaomfvnf; armifpH&Sm;u xkdolrsm;onf xkdtrI
,aeU rppfaq;jzpfatmif BuHaqmifíaeMujcif;rSm trSefrkcs &nf&G,fcsuf wpfck&SdaomaMumifh jzpfrnf? okdUjzpfí
a&TOa'gif;
¤if;wkdU\ &nf&G,fcsuf txrajrmufapjcif;iSm xkdtrIudk &ufrvGJapbJ xkdaeYüyif NyD;pD;atmif ppfaq;oifh

aMumif;ESifh taMumif;jyef ajymqkdonfwGif a&SUaeBuD;onf aemufqHk;ü rpöwmay:&Dqif\ udk,fpm; aqmif&Guf&ef
oabmwlnDav\/
,if;uJhokdU 0efcHcsuf &cJhNyD;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUonf ½Hk;okdU oGm;a&mufMu&m ½Hk;0if;twGif;ü trIem;axmif&ef
vma&mufMuaom y&dowfwkdUvnf; jynfhESufvsuf &SdMuav\/ uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;? armiftkef;azwkdUonf
em;axmifvmol y&dowfrsm;ESifh a&maESmvsuf ¤if;wkdU\ xifjrifcsufrsm;udk trSwfrJh em;axmifvsuf&SdMu&m 11
em&D xkd;onfESifhwpfNydKifeuf w&m;olBuD;rpöwmaqmif;'g;\ um;onf qkdufa&mufívmav\/
y&dowfwkdUvnf; ¤if;um;onf aqmif;'g;\ um;jzpfojzifh twGif;üygvmoludk rjrifMu&aomfvnf;
w&m;olBuD;\ um;jzpfaMumif; od&SdMuonfESifh tcsdKUvnf; ae&m&atmif ½Hk;cef;wGif;okdU wkd;a0SUum 0ifMuvsuf
tcsdKUrSmvnf; w&m;olBuD;ESifhrS twlvkd vkdufMutHh[k cyfqkdif;qkdif; &SdaeMuav\/
armfawmfum;armif;orm;vnf; um;udkqkdufNyD;aemuf um;ay:rS qif;í wHcg;udk zGifhay;av&m twGif;rS
w&m;olBuD;rpöwmaqmif;'g;onf uRefawmfwkdU arQmfvifhonfhtwkdif; aumif;rGefpGm qif;oufí vmrnfhtpm;
wHcg;zGifhvkdufonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf vrf;ay:okdU *Rrf;jyefíusvmav\/ xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;ESifh armiftkef;azwkdUonf
ysm,dysm,m ajy;oGm;Munfh½IMu&m rpöwmaqmif;'g;rSm toufr&SdawmhbJ vnfyif;ü BudK;uGif;wpfck pGyfvsuf
&Sdonfudk awGUMu&av\/ xkdtcgüum; armifpH&Sm;ESifh armiftkef;az ESpfa,mufvHk;wkdUrSm jyif;pGm wkefvIyf
Muonfjzpfí '½kdifbmtm; ppfaq;ar;jref;jcif; jyKMuav&m '½kdifbmu rdrdonf tcgwkdif;uJhokdY um;udk pifMu,f
atmif xkdeHeufü aq;aMumNyD;vQif ½Hk;oGm;csdef a&mufonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf tdrfa&SUü qkdufíapmifhaeaMumif;? um;udk
armif;vmonfhtcg um;wGif;ü rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ ykef;atmif;í raeEkdifaMumif;udk usrf;udkifí
ajym0HhaMumif;? okdU&mwGif vrf;c&D;ü rnfonfhae&mrsm;wGif qkduf&yfjcif; &Sdygoenf;[k armifpH&Sm;u ar;jref;aom
tcg aumfr&Sifemvrf;ESifhbk&m;vrf;tqHkwGif "mwf&xm;rsm; um;rsm; ½IyfíaeonfjzpfaomaMumifh vrf;apmifhykvdyf
\ trdefUt& rdepf0ufrQcefU &yfíapmifh&aMumif;? xkdtawmtwGif; wpfpHkwpfa,mufaomolonf um;ay:okdU
ckefwufí rpöwmaqmif;'g;udk aoaMumif;BuHNyD;vQif vrf;okdU a&mufumrS ckefqif;íajy;cJhygrl rdrdrSm
aemufokdUvnf; vSnfhírMunfhrd? um;rSmvnf; qD'ifum; jzpfaomaMumifh tjyifuvlrsm;uvnf; jrifEkdifrnf
r[kwfaMumif;ESifh xGufqkdav\/ '½kdifbmudk ppfaq;í NyD;aomtcg armifpH&Sm;onf armiftkef;azESifh
acgif;csif;qkdifvsuf &SdMujyef&m ...
&S m;/ /]MunfhygOD;awmhAsm? &JvJ &JwJh taumifawGyJ? aeUvnfBuD; aMumifawmif &efukefNrdKUBuD;xJrSm 'Dvkd
BuHpnf0Hhwmrsm; usKyfjzifh BuHKawmif rBuHKzl;ygbl;Asm}
az/ /]wpfcgjzifh cufNyDq&ma&U? trIudk &ufvTJ&awmhrSmyJ}
&S m;/ /]vTJudk rvTJ&bl;Asm? ykvdyfrif;BuD;a&m? w&m;0efBuD;csKyfa&m usKyfudk,fwkdif oGm;NyD; ajymjyr,f? w&m;olBuD;
wpfa,mufwnf; &SdwmrS r[kwfbJ? wpfa,mufao wpfa,mufayghAs? 'DtrIudk 'DuaeU ppfjzpfatmif usKyf
BudK;pm;r,f}
xkdcPü a&SUaeBuD; rpöwmyufum; qkdufa&mufívm&m a&SUaeBuD;onf armifpH&Sm;ESifh armiftkef;azwkdU ajymjyonfh
tjcif;t&mrsm;udk wkefvIyfpGm Mum;od&NyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;\ awmif;yef wkdufwGef;csuft& ykvdyfrif;BuD;xHokdU
oGm;a&mufMuav\/ armifpH&Sm;vnf; ykvdyfrif;BuD;tm; þrQavmuf qkd;oGrf;í wynfhaemufvkduf aygrsm;aom
w&m;cHwpfa,mufudk &ufcsdef;rvTJbJ xkdaeYyif NyD;ajrmufatmifppfaq;rSomvQif ¤if;wkdU\ &nf&G,f&if; tBuHtpnf
ysufí pdwfcsEkdifzG,f&SdaMumif;udk auseyfavmufatmif ajymjyav&m ykvdyfrif;BuD;vnf; armifpH&Sm; ajymonfhtwkdif;
oabmusonfjzpfí w&m;0efBuD;csKyfxHrdrdukd,fwkdifvkdufíajym&efoabmwlnDav\/ ¤if;aemufuRefawmfwkdUonf
ykvdyfrif;BuD;ESifhwuG w&m;0efBuD;csKyfxH oGm;a&mufMuNyD;vQif armifpH&Sm;ESifh ykvdyfrif;BuD;wkdUu ta&;BuD;aom

trIjzpfaomaMumifh ta&;wBuD;pDrHoifhaMumif;ESifh ajymjyNyD;vQif xkdtrIudk ,aeUyif ppfaq;Ekdif&ef w&m;olBuD;
wpfOD; ,aeUcsufcsif; cefUxm;vTJtyfoifhaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdMuonfwGif w&m;0efBuD;csKyfvnf; em;0ifonfjzpfí
rpöwmbGef;zD; qkdol &mbufw&m;olBuD;udk xkdtrIü ppfaq;&ef taqmwvsif cefUxm; vTJtyfvkdufav\/
,if;uJhokdU trdefYcsrSwfvkdufonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf a&SUaeBuD;ESifhwuG uRefawmfwkdUonf ½Hk;okdU jyefvmMu&m y&dowf
wkdUrSm rpöwmaqmif;'g; aoqHk;onfhtwGuf tkwftkwfusufusuf jzpfNyD;vQif xkdtrIudk ,aeU ppfaq;
jzpfawmhrnfr[kwf[k nnf;wGm;vsuf tcsdKUum; jyefukefMu\/ tcsdKUrSmvnf; pdwfrauseyfao;onfjzpfí
vufzuf&nfqkdif? uGrf;&mqkdif ponfwkdUrS apmifhqkdif;umyif &SdaeMuao;av\/
12 em&DcGJvwfaomf w&m;olBuD;topfvnf; qkdufa&mufívmav&m armifpH&Sm;onf w&m;olBuD;ESifhwkdifyifNyD;vQif
tusOf;orm;udk axmifrS xkwf,lcJh&ef axmifrSL;tm; w,fvDzkef;qufí taMumif;Mum;vkdufav\/
,if;okdU taMumif;Mum;NyD;aemuf ig;rdepfcefU Mumaomtcg y&dowfwkdUvnf; trIudk qufvuf
ppfaq;rnfjzpfaMumif; od&SdMuojzifh ½Hk;cef;odkY wkd;a0SUum 0ifvmMuqJwGif vrf;wpfavQmufrS acgif;avmif;rsm;
qlnHpGm vIyfívmaeonfudk Mum;Mu&ojzifh tHhtm;oifhvQuf &SdaeMuav\/ wpfcPrQMumvQif rD;pufESpfpD;onf
½Hk;0üqkduf&yfNyD;vQif rD;puft&m&SdwkdUonf ysm,D;ysm,m 0ifvmMuí rD;avmifwm b,frSmvJ? b,ftcef;uvJ
ponfjzifh ar;jref;vsuf rD;owfud&d,m tpHktvifESifh ajy;wufvmMuav\/ y&dowfwkdUu rD;ravmifaMumif;
ajymqkdvsuf &SdMupOf rD;pufwkdUonf t&yfav;rsufESmwkdUrS acgif;avmif;rsm;udk vIyfumvIyfum qlnHpGmaom
toHjzifh qkdufa&mufvmMuNyD;vQif wpfpD;NyD;vQif wpfpD; ½Hk;0üqkdufa&mufMuav\/
xkdtcg ½Hk;pma&;taygif;wkdUvnf; tvkyfcef;toD;oD;rS xGufvmMuí ½Hk;ü rD;ravmifaMumif; ajymqkdMu&m
rD;puft&m&SdBuD;u ½Hk;ü rD;avmifaMumif; w,fvDzkef;ESifh wpfpHkwpfa,mufu ajymvkdufonfjzpfí rdrdwkdUrSm
tajy;tvTm; vmcJh&jcif;jzpfaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdNyD;vQif rdrd\ wynfhi,fom;rsm;tm; pka0;um tusdK;taMumif;
ajymjyvsuf &Sdav\/
armifpH&Sm;onf xkdtjcif;t&mwkdUudk awGUjrif&aomtcg armiftkef;azESifh uRefawmfwkdUudk vufwkdUum ac:iifNyD;vQif
armfawmfum; wpfpD;ay:okdU taqmwvsif ckefwufí '½kdifbmtm; axmifBuD;okdU tvsiftjrefarmif;ESifapav\/
vrf;c&D;ü armifpH&Sm;u rD;pufrsm;udk taMumif;r&SdbJvsuf ac:iifjcif;rSm OD;xGef;azwkdUvlpk \ ÓPfjzpfrnf
xifaMumif;? ¤if;wkdU\ tBuHrSm vrf;ü rD;pufrsm; ½IyfaxG;aeojzifh axmifarmfawmfum;BuD; &yfqkdif;íae&mwGif
OD;xGef;azudk um;wGif;rS twif;vkí,lrnf BuHpnfonf[k rdrdxifjrifaMumif;? ,ckyifvQif rdrdwkdUrSm aemufusí
aernf xifaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdNyD;vQif um;armif;orm;udk vQifjrefpGm armif;ESif&ef wkdufwGef;av\/
uRefawmfwkdYonf ½Hk;rS xGufvmcJhMuí armifh*dkrm&Dvrf; (,ck AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;vrf;) wpfavQmuf
armif;ESifMuojzifh aps;opfBuD;okdU a&mufMuonfESifhwpfNydKifeuf bk&m;vrf;qHkwGif axmifarmfawmfum;BuD; &yfvsuf
&Sdonfudk awGUjrifMu&av\/ teD;üum; vlpkvla0;BuD;onf tawmfyifBuD;rm;pGm &yfqkdif;Munfh½Ivsuf &Sdaeav\/
um;udk a&S;uxuf vsifjrefpGm armif;ESifapí xkdae&mokdU a&mufMuaomtcg axmifarmfawmfum;BuD;rSm wHcg;rsm;
usdK;yJhvsuf vnf;aumif;? '½kdifbmESifh ykvdyfom; av;a,mufwkdUrSm OD;acgif;wGif 'Pf&mrsm;ESifh pum;ar;r&atmif
vnf;aumif; &SdaeMuonfudkomvQif awGUjrifMu&av\/ um;wGif;ürl tusOf;orm; OD;xGef;az r&Sdawmhacs/
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUonf rl;a0vJacGvsuf&Sdaom ykvdyfom;wpfa,mufudk ESmESyfí owd&atmif vkyfNyD;vQif
ar;jref;Muojzifh od&Sd&onfrSm armfawmfum;BuD;onf axmifrSxGufvmNyD;aemuf aumfr&Sifemvrf;wpfavQmuf
armif;ESifvmcJh&m aq;½HkBuD;a&SUokdU a&mufaomtcg rD;pufwpfpD;onf acgif;avmif;rsm;udk qlnHpGm wD;vIyfvsuf
ta&;wBuD;aemufrS armif;ESifvmonfudk awGUjrifojzifh '½kdifbmonf eHab;okdUuyfum a&Smifwdrf;í xHk;pHtwkdif;
&yfqkdif;um apmifhae&aMumif;/ rD;pufonf teD;okdU a&mufaomtcg qufvufíarmif;ESifjcif; rjyKbJ
axmifarmfawmfum;ESifh ,SOfwGJum qkdufuyfí&yfaMumif;/ ykvdyfwkdUvnf; tHhMopGmESifh MunfhaerdMuaMumif;/
a&TOa'gif;
rD;pufay:rS ygvmaom rD;puftvkyform;ESifh t&m&SdwkdUonf um;ay:okdU ckefwufNyD;aemuf tHhtm;oifhvsuf

&Sdaeaom ykvdyfom;wkdUu ckcHjcif;rjyKEkdifrD '½kdifbmESifh ykvdyfwkdUudk rl;a0,kdifvJonfhwkdifatmif ½kdufESufMuaMumif;?
wHcg;udkvnf; tcsdKUu csdK;zJh½kdufESufNyD;vQif tusOf;orm;udk xkwf,lí rD;pufay: wifNyD;rS a&Twd*Hkbk&m;bufokdU
armif;ESifíoGm;MuaMumif;/ xkdolwkdUrSm aMu;0gcarmufBuD;rsm;udk aqmif;vsuf&SdMuonfjzpfí rD;puft&m&Sdrsm;yif
rSwfxifrdaMumif;ESifh ajymqkdav\/
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;onf uRefawmfwkdU pD;eif;vmMuonfh um;ay:okdU ckefwufí uRefawmfwkdUtm;vnf; vsifjrefpGm
wufapNyD;vQif ¤if;udk,fwkdif a&Twd*Hkbk&m;bufokdU tjyif;txefarmif;ESifav\/
uRefawmfESifharmifpH&Sm;rSm,SOfvsufxkdifaeMuonfjzpfaomaMumifh armifpH&Sm;u vrf;c&D;üajymjyonfrSm vrf;rawmf
rD;pufXmeü jrefrmvlrsdK;wpfa,mufudk rMumao;rDu vufaxmuft&m&dStjzpfESifh cefUxm;vkduf&m ¤if;rSm
OD;xGef;az\om;wpfa,mufaomfvnf;aumif;? wynfhwpfa,mufaomfvnf;aumif; jzpf&rnf[k owif;&&SdaMumif;/
wpfa,mufaomwynfhu ½Hk;rSaeí rD;avmifaMumif;udk w,fvDzkef;qufí ajymvkdufjcif;jzpfaMumif;/ xkdrD;pufonf
tjcm;rD;pufrsm;ESifh twlra&mufbJ cGJíxGufvmNyD;vQif rD;puform;i,fom;rsm;rSmvnf; ¤if;wkdU\ vlcsif;omvQif
jzpfaomaMumihf armfawmfum;udk rDatmifvkdufí ykvdyfrsm;udk ½kdufESufNyD;aemuf OD;xGef;azudkvk,ljcif;jzpfaMumif;ESifh
ajymqkdav\/
uRefawmfwkdUonf a&Twd*Hkbk&m;okdU a&mufMuonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf rD;pufwpfck ajcawmf&if;ü qkdufxm;onfudk
awGUjrifMu&m armifpH&Sm;ESifh armiftkef;azwkdUonf um;teD;&Sd aps;onfrsm;udk ar;jref;jcif;tm;jzifh rD;pufay:rS
vlrsm;onf rD;pufay:rS qif;í um;wpfpD;ay:okdU wufNyD;vQif uefawmfBuD;bufokdY armif;ESifoGm;onfudk
awGUjrifvkduf&aMumif;ESifh xGufqkdMuav\/ xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;vnf; um;udk uefawmfBuD;bufokdU vSnfhí
armif;ESifjyefav\/
t*Fvdyfbk&m;&Sdcdk;ausmif;teD;okdYa&mufaomtcg vrf;eHab;ü rD;puform;wkdU\ aMu;0gcarmuf? ukwftusÐ paom
,leDazmif;wkdUudk awGUjrif&jcif;tm;jzifh xkdolwkdUonf xkdt0wfrsm;ESifh um;pD;íoGm;Muaomf awGUjrif&ol
taygif;wkdUu xif&Sm;vG,fulpGm rSwfom;rdEkdifrnfhtaMumif;udk od&Sd&ojzifh xkdt0wfrsm;udk cRwfcGmpGefUypfí
oGm;MuaMumif; od&Sd&av\/
uRefawmfwkdUonf armfawmfum;udk vsifjrefpGm qufvuf armif;ESifMuojzifh uefawmfBuD; tv,fuRef;ü
vnf;aumif;? xkdrSwpfzef ywfywfvnfüvnf;aumif; &SmazGygaomfvnf; vlqkd;wkdU\ tpteudkrQ rjrif&awmhbJ
aemufqHk;ü uefawmfuav;bufokdU armif;ESifcJhMuav\/ vrf;c&D;ü awGUaomvlrsm;udk ar;jref;&mrl
xkdarmfawmfum;rSm tjcm;aomarmfawmfum;rsm;xuf xl;jcm;aom tjcif;t&m yg&Sdrnfudk rodEkdifonfjzpfí
ar;jref;jcif;rjyKbJ armifpH&Sm;ESifh armiftkef;az ESpfa,mufvHk;wkdUrSm tBuD;tus,f pdwfysufvsuf tdrfokdU
jyefvmMu&av\/
xkdUaemuf naeü ykvdyfrif;BuD;u armifpH&Sm;tm; tjrefvma&muf&ef w,fvDzkef;qufí ac:iifojzifh
uRefawmfvnf; twlwuG vkdufygíoGm;&m rif;BuD;\ aetdrfokdU a&mufaomtcg ykvdyfrif;BuD;ESifh jynfxJa&;
0efBuD;csKyfwkdUonf acgif;csif;qkdifvsuf wkdifyifaeMuonfESifh awGUMu&av\/ uRefawmfwkdUtm; xkdifapNyD;aemuf
jynfxJa&;0efBuD;csKyfu ,ckuJhokdYaom trIrsdK;onf jrefrmjynfü wpfcgzl;rQ jzpfay:zl;onf r&SdbJ rdrd\
vufxufusrS jzpfay:&jcif;jzpfí nYHzsif;&musaeonfjzpfí &SufzG,fvdvd jzpfíaeaMumif;? rMumrDtcgu rdwD¬vm
e,fy,fü pHzJwpfa,muf x<uykef;a&Smifí aejcif;rSm awmpGefawmzsm;ü jzpf&jcif;jzpfí þtrIESifh EIdif;pmvkdufaomf
ckcHajymqkd taMumif;jyEkdifzG,f&m &SdaMumif;? ,ckrSmrl vlowfrIESifh zrf;qD;xm;aom vlwpfa,mufonf ppfaq;rnfh
aeUwGifrS aeYvnfBuD;aMumifawmifwGif w&m;olBuD;udk owfjcif;? a&SUaeBuD;ukd owfjcif;? aemufqHk;ü
axmifarmfawmfum;rS w&m;cHudk twif;vk,ljcif;wkdUrSm þjynfrQru tjcm;aom wkdif;jynfrsm;wGifyif rBuHKzl;
rMum;zl;avmufatmif &Sdaeonfjzpfí ykvdyft&m&Sdrsm;ESifh wuG wkdif;jynftkyfcsKyfpDrHjcif;qkdif&m t&m&Sdtm;vHk;wkdUrSm

OD;acgif;armfírQ rMunfh0Hhavmufatmif &SufzG,f&mBuD;wpfck jzpfaMumif;rsm;ESifh ajymqkdav\/
jynfxJa&;0efBuD;Xme 0efBuD;csKyf\ pum;tqHk;wGif ykvdyfrif;BuD;u 0efBuD;rif; ajymoGm;onfhtwdkif; xkdtrIonf
trSefyifBuD;us,fav;eufaomtrIjzpfay&m rdrdwkdUwGifru armifpH&Sm;udk,fwkdifvnf; yg0ifíaeonfjzpfaomaMumifh
emrnfysufvQif twlwlyifysuf&ef&Sdonf rSefonfhtwkdif; rdrdwkdU\ *kPfoa&ESifhwuG tm;vHk;aom tpkd;&t&m&SdBuD;
wkdY\ *kPfoa&udk qnfEkdifapjcif;iSm armifpH&Sm;uvnf; wwftm;orQ BudK;pm;tm;xkwfygrnftaMumif;ESifh ajymqkd
av\/
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;u rdrdonf xkdtrIü OD;xGef;azudk vuf&zrf;í rrdrjcif; tdyfjcif;? pm;jcif;? &yfem;jcif; r&SdbJ
aeUa&mnyg tm;xkwfygrnfhtaMumif;ESifh 0efcHuwdxm;NyD;vQif rif;BuD;\ aetdrfrS xGufvmcJhMuav\/
vrf; 40 ü &Sdaom uRefawmfwkdU\ aetdrfokdU a&mufaomtcg armifpH&Sm;rSm pm;aomuf&efudkrQ owdr&EkdifbJ

yufvufukvm;xkdifay:ü ypfvSJum aq;wHudk taiGUwpfaxmif;axmif; xGufatmif ½SLzGmvsuf tBuHxkwfí ae&m
uRefawmfrSmrl rdrdESifh aumif;aumif;BuD; roufqkdifonfjzpfí trIrSm onfrQyif ta&;BuD;aomfvnf; qmavmif
rGwfodyfjcif;udk rarhEkdifonfjzpfí tapcHtm; xrif;jyif&efajymtHh [k ac:iifav\/ okdUygaomfvnf; tapcH
ray:vmbJ &SdavvQif uRefawmfonf qmavmifvSNyDjzpfí rD;zkdcef;okdU 0ifNyD;vQif pm;aomufzG,frsm; tqifoihf
&SdavNyDavm[k Munfh½IrnftjyKwGif rD;zkdwHcg;\ tMum;rS vlESpfa,mufwkdUonf ½kwfceJ xGufvmNyD;aemuf
wpfa,mufu uRefawmf\ yg;pyfudkydwfvsuf wpfa,mufonf "m;ajr§mifESifh Ncdrf;ajcmufNyD;rS uRefawmfhudk
vufjyefBudK; csnfaESmifMuav\/
tdrfa&SUcef;ü uRefawmfr&SdpOfjzpfysufaom atmufygtjcif;t&mwkdUrSmrl armifpH&Sm;u aemufrS ajymjyojzifh
od&Sd&aom tjzpftysufrsm; jzpfavonf/
uRefawmf xoGm;NyD;aemuf wpfcPrQ Mumaomtcg w,fvDzkef;rS EdI;pufusonfjzpfí armifpH&Sm;onf xkdif&mrS

xNyD;vQif w,fvDzkef;udk aumuf,lem;axmif&m ...
&S m;/ /]b,folvJ? b,fu pum;ajymwmvJ}
toH/ /]OD;xGef;az r&Sdbl;vm;}
&S m;/ /]b,fu OD;xGef;azvJ}
toH/ /]"mwkaA'q&mBuD; OD;xGef;azav? usKyfu awGUcsifw,fvkdU ajymvkdufprf;yg}
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;rSm OD;xGef;az\ wynfhi,fom;wpfa,mufu rdrdtm; ,if;uJhokdY avSmifajymif&onfudk

trsufjyif;pGm xGufojzihf vlcsif;eD;cJhvQif ajcESifhuefausmufvkdonfjzpfaomfvnf; toHudkrl rnfokdUrQ
rjyKEkdifonfjzpfí ]w,f acG;rom; } [k Budrf;0g; a&&GwfNyD;aemuf w,fvDzkef;ukd csdwfxm;vkdufav\/
]z½kó0gpmjzpfatmif bmvkyfrJh wkdif;xGm qJa&;csifovJAsm}

[k rdrd\ aemufrS OD;xGef;az\ toHjzifh uyfí ajymvkduf&m armifpH&Sm;rSm 'dwfceJjzpfí oGm;aMumif; 0efcHcJhvQif
tHhMozG,f&m &Sdrnfr[kwfacs/
a&TOa'gif;
tHhMojcif; ajyaysmufNyD;onfhaemuf armifpH&Sm;onf aemufodkU vSnfhíMunfhvkduf&m OD;xGef;azonf ajcmufvHk;jyL;

wpfvufudk rdrd\ &if0okdU csdef&G,fvsuf cyfNyHK;NyHK;rsufESmxm;ESifh
xGef;/ /]ckefvm; aygufvm;? atmfvm; [pfvm;awmh rvkyfESifhaemf ? wpfcgwnf; aoatmifypfvkdufr,f}
[k jcdrf;ajcmufav\/
armifpH&Sm;rSm trItcif;rsm;pGm wkdUudk vkdufvHpHkaxmuf&ojzifh ab;Oyg'ftEÅ&m,f trsdK;rsdK;wkdUESifh

awGUqHkcJh&onfrSefaomfvnf; ,ckwpfBudrfuJhokdY b,ftcgurQ rtHhMozl;acs/
pifppftm;jzifh qkdrl armifpH&Sm;rSm toufab;tEÅ&m,ftwGuf pkd;&drfjcif;xuf rdrd r&SdonfhtckdufwGif rdrd\
aetdrftwGif;okdU 0ifaecJhí rdrd\tvpfudk apmifhNyD;vQif tEdkif&atmif BuHpnfEkdifjcif;udk tHHhMojcif;u omvGefcJhonf
rSefay\/
OD;xGef;azrSm tjcm;aom &mZ0wfaumifrsm;uJhokdU cufxefMurf;MuKwfaom rsufESmxm;jzifh Ncdrf;ajcmufjcif;rjyKbJ
cyfNyHK;NyHK;rsufESmxm;jzihf omvQif &Sdaeaomfvnf; armifpH&Sm;tm; ñSmwmvkdaom oabmjzifh NyHK;&,fjcif;r[kwf/
xkdolonf ig\vufwGif;rS rvGwfEkdifacsNyDwum;[k 0rf;ajrmufaompdwfjzifh omvQif NyHK;&,fjcif; jzpfav&m
armifpH&Sm;udk owfawmhrnfum; trSefrvGJjzpfay\/
xGef;/ /]wpfcGef;jyif ESpfcGef;xyfNyD; rajymbl;Asaemf? ukdif; vufajr§mufvkduf? atmfr,f [pfr,frsm; rBuHESifh?
wpfcgwnf; ypfvkdufr,f? ypfvkduf&if aoewfoHMum;NyD; ykvdyfrsm; vmvdrhfr,fvkdU rarQmfvifhESifh? 'Daoewfu
toHrxGufatmif ukd,fwkdifpDrHNyD; xm;wJh aoewf? Mum;vm;}
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;rSm xkdol\vufwGif;okdU usa&mufaeonfhtcgwGif ckcHaomfvnf; tcsnf;ESD;yifjzpfrnfudk

jrifojzifh ckdif;aponfhtwkdif; NidrfoufpGm vkdufem&av\/ okdY&mwGif armifpH&Sm;onf tcsdefudk qGJíaejcif;rQjzpf&m
tBuHudkum; ravQmhbJ tvpfudk omvQif acsmif;íaeav\/
&S m;/ /]'DtdrfxJudk cifAsm; b,fhES,f0ifovJ}
xGef;/ /]cifAsm;wkdUu ykvdyfrif;BuD;\tdrf oGm;aewkef; usKyfwkdUu tdrfxJ0if? tapcHudk rD;zkdxJrSm csnfwkwfNyD;xm;?
usKyfuawmh anmif;anmif;&SdwmESihf cifAsm;tdyf&mrSm tom0ifNyD;tdyfae? w,fvDzkef;EdI;pufusawmhrS cifAsm;
a&mufaMumif; odwmESifh usKyf xNyD; vmcJhwmudk;As? tdrfudk cifAsm; jyefvmwmjrif&if w,fvDzkef;udk EId;pufay;zkdU
usKyfu wynfhrsm;udk rSmxm;cJhw,fAs? wpfa&;avmuf tdyfvkduf&? tdyfa&;awmfawmf 0ayAsm}
xkdtcg armifpH&Sm;rSm þrQavmuf at;at;aq;aq; pDrHEkdifaom vlqkd;wpfa,muftjzpfudk tHhMoonfxuf

wkd;íyif tHhMordjyefav\/ ¤if;aemuf ...
&S m;/ /]cifAsm; pdwfaemufNyDxifw,f? usKyftdrfxJudk cifAsm; b,fvkd tBuHESifh vmcJhovJ}
xGef;/ /]taMumif;uawmh trsdK;rsdK;ygyJ? yxrtaMumif;uawmh wpfNrdKUvHk;&Sd ykvdyfawG[m usKyfudkawGUatmif
vkdufNyD; &Smaewkef; pHkaxmufBuD;OD;pH&Sm; aetdrfrSm 0ifNyD;ykef;aewmavmuf vHkwJhae&m b,frSm &SdrSmvJ ? NrdKUu
ajrvSefNyD; &SmvQifom&Smr,f? OD;pH&Sm;tdrfudkawmh b,fenf;ESihfrSvmNyD; &Smr,fr[kwfbl;vkdU usKyfodwmu
wpfaMumif;? 'kwd,taMumif;uawmh cifAsm;[m usKyfudk ae&mwkdif;rSm vkdufNyD;aESmifh,Sufaewm tawmfMumNyD?
'Dwpfcgawmh raESmifhr,SufEkdifavmufatmif tqHk;pD&ifawmhr,fvkdU BuHpnfjcif;u wpfaMumif; ? 'DESpfaMumif;aMumifh
usKyfvmcJhjcif; jzpfw,f}
,if;okdY ajymqkdvsuf &SdpOf armifpH&Sm;onf tvpfukdacsmif;vsuf&Sd&m wpfBudrfESpfBudrfrQ vIyf&Sm;&ef BudK;pm;

ygaomfvnf; OD;xGef;azu acgif;udk,rf;um NyHK;&,fvsuf aoewfudk jyaomaMumifh rvIyfr&Sm;em;axmifí
ae&av\/ ¤if;aemuf
xGef;/ /]udkpH&Sm;? cifAsm; jrefjrefaowJhenf; BudKufovm;? wjznf;jznf;eJY aowJhenf; BudKufovm;}

&S m;/ /]avSmifraeygESifhav? cifAsm; BudKufovkdom vkyfyg}
xGef;/ /]tif; usKyfBudKufovkd vkyf&rSmjzifh cifAsm;[m usKyfu wpfpHkwpf&m xdcdkufepfematmif rvkyfygbJvsuf
usKyfudk ae&mwum vkdufNyD; &ef&SmwJhtwGuf oufomwJhenf;ESifh raoap&bl;Asm? tcH&tcufqHk;enf;ESifh
aoap&r,f? aeOD; usKyfMunfhprf;OD;r,f}
[k ajymí tcef;wGif;&Sd 0w¬Kypönf;rsm;udkvSnfhí MunfhrnftjyKwGif armifpH&Sm;u acsmif;íaeonfudk jrifojzifh ...
xGef;/ /]tm*vlyguvm;? ukdif; 'gjzifh 'Dvkdvkyf&r,f? a[h aemufaz;u vlrsm; vmMua[h}

[k ac:vkdufonfwGif wynfhESpfa,mufwkdUvnf; rD;zkd;cef;rS xGufvmMuav\/
¤if;aemuf xkdolwkdUonf OD;xGef;az\ trdefUt& avrD;zkdESifh "mwfqDwpfyHk;udk ,lcJhMuav\/ xkdUaemuf avrD;zkdudk

avxkd;í rD;arT;NyD;vQif rD;aumif;pGm awmufaomtcg xkdolESpfa,mufwkdUonf rD;zkdacsmifü csnfwkyfumxm;aom
uRefawmfESifh tapcHwkdUudk tdrfa&SUcef;okdU ayGUcsDíxkwfMuav\/ ¤if;aemufrS xkdolwkdUonf OD;xGef;az\ trdefUt&
armifpH&Sm;udk Muyfwnf;pGm csnfaESmifMuav\/ xkdokdU csnfaESmifvsuf&SdpOf armifpH&Sm;onf wpfpHkwpfckaom
t&m0w¬Kudk xkdolrsm; rjrif&atmif vufxJü Muyfwnf;pGm qkyfudkif uyf0Sufí xm;av\/ armifpH&Sm;udk pm;yGJü
vnf;aumif;? uRefawmfESifh tapcHudk yufvufukvm;xkdifBuD; wpfvHk;pDü vnf;aumif;? vufa&majcyg
rvIyfr&Sm;Edkifavmufatmif Muyfwnf;pGm csnfaESmifMuav\/ tvHk;pHk jyifqifNyD;pD;onfhaemuf ...
xGef;/ /]udkif; wpfcgjzifh cifAsm;wkdU vGwfEkdifp&m r&Sdbl;? tapcHa&m rdwfaqGa&m wpfNydKifwnf; twlaoap&r,f?
aoayr,fh csrf;csrf;omomESifhawmh r[kwfvSbl; q&mBuD;a&U? ylylavmifavmifyJ? "mwfqDyHk;udk rD;ay:rSmwif&if
ig;rdepfavmufMum&if qlr,f? ql&if aygufuGJNyD; wpfcef;vHk;tESHYtjym; "mwfqDawGpifNyD; "mwfqDus&m
rD;awmufr,f? ukdif; onfawmh "mwfqDyHk; raygufuGJrD bk&m;w&m;atmufarhwwf&if atmufarhMuayawmhAsm?
"mwfqDyHk;udk rD;ay:wifvkdufa[h}
wynfhrsm;vnf; ckdif;aponfhtwkdif; jyKvkyfMuNyD;vQif q&mwynfhtm;vHk;wkdUonf armifpH&Sm;tm; ajymifavSmifum
EIwfqufNyD;aemuf wkdufay:rS qif;oGm;Muav\/
¤if;wkdU qif;oGm;onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf armifpH&Sm;onf vufwGifqkyfudkifí xm;aom t&m0w¬Kudk xkwfav&m
¤if;rSm rD;jcpfbl; wpfvHk; jzpfav\/ vufrsm;udk BudK;ESifhMuyfwnf;pGm csnfaESmifíxm;aomfvnf; armifpH&Sm;onf
rD;jcpfudk rjzpfjzpfatmif jcpfNyD;vQif rD;jcpfrS rD;awmufESifh vufaumuf0wfwGif csnfaESmifíxm;aom BudK;rsm;udk
½IdUav\/ ,if;uJhokdU wpfacsmif;NyD;vQif wpfacsmif; jcpfíjcpfí ½dIUojzifh vufwkdUrSm rD;avmifonfh 'Pf&maMumifh
tom; eDeD&J&J &Sdaomfvnf; armifpH&Sm;onf ½IHUrJhwGefUvdrfjcif; r&SdbJ tHBudwfum pdwfudk wif;NyD;vQif wpfacsmif;NyD;
wpfacsmif; r&yfrem; ½IdUvsuf &Sdav\/
a&TOa'gif;
xkdtawmtwGif; avrD;zdkay:ü &Sdaom "mwfqDyHk;onf rD;ylí ylí vmonfjzpfaomaMumifh aq;rsm;uGmNyD;vQif

tcsdKUaom ae&mrsm;rS ylazmif;í xGufojzifh w*Grf*Grf wazmifazmifESifh aeav\/ uRefawmfESifh tapcHwkdUrSm
xkdtjcif;t&mrsm;udk awGUjrifMu&aomtcg aygufawmhrnfhqJqJ &SdaeNyDudk odojzifh aZmacR;rsm;jyefonfhwkdifatmif
aMumuf&GHUwkefvIyfjcif; jzpfMuav\/
armifpH&Sm;rSmrl rD;zkd&Sd&mokdU tvQif;rMunfhbJ rD;jcpfrsm;udk wpfacsmif;NyD;vQif wpfacsmif; jcpfíjcpfí ½dIUav&m
rD;jcpfrSm tqHukefumeD;vmav\/ aemufqHk;rD;jcpfqH wpfacsmif; ½dIUNyD;aomfvnf; BudK;onf rjywfao;bJ &Sdae&m
armifpH&Sm;onf &SdorQ cGeftm;udk ñSpfí xkwfNyD;vQif tom;eDESihf&J&J&Sdaom tom;wGif;okdU BudK;rsm;epfí0ifojzihf
emusifvSonfha0'emudk yrmPrjyKbJ twif;tuef wGefUvdrfí ½kef;vku d f&m BudK;onf axmif;ceJ jywfí
oGm;av\/
vufrS BudK;jywfavvQif ajcrS BudK;rsm;udk ajz&efrSmrl vG,fulNyD; jzpfav&um; armifpH&Sm;onf wkefUaES;zifEGJUjcif;
r&SdbJ ajcrS BudK;rsm;udk vsifjrefpGm ajzvkdufav\/
taESmiftzGJUrS vGwfonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf armifpH&Sm;onf xkdif&mrS xí wkwfaumufudk ,lNyD;vQif rD;ay:rS
"mwfqDykef;udk csdwf,lNyD;aemuf a&bHkbkdif&Sd&mokdU ajy;oGm;NyD;rS "mwfqDyHk;ay:okdU a&udk zGifhícsvkduf&m
w&SJ&SJjrnfoGm;aom toHrsm;udk Mum;Mu&av\/ xkdtcgrS uRefawmfrSm qkd;0g;vSaom aojcif;rS vGwfuif;
csrf;omayNyD wum;[k oufjyif;BuD; csrdav\/
xkdUaemufrS armifpH&Sm;onf uRefawmfESifh tapcHudk taESmiftzGJUrS vGwfapNyD;vQif wpfcPrQ qkdif;wG em;aejcif;
r&SdbJ
]vmAsm udkodef;armif? 'DtaumifawG rDvkdrDjim; vkdufMuOD;pkdUAsm}
[k ajymí taqmwvsif wkdufay:rS qif;ajy;vmcJhMuav\/ avScg;&if;wGifrS wkdufay:okdU wufívmaeaom
tifpydwfawmf armiftkef;azESifh tcefUoifhawGUí armifpH&Sm;u wpfcgwnf; ac:aqmifcJhNyD;vQif armfawmfum;ESifh
vkduf&ef jyifqifMuav\/
wkdufatmufxyfüaeaom olrsm;tm; vloHk;a,mufwkdU rMumrDu qif;oGm;onfudk rjrifygoavm[k ar;jref;&m ?

vloHk;a,mufwkdUonf wkdufay:rS qif;um armfawmfum;wpfpD;ESifh urf;em;bufokdU armif;ESifoGm;MuaMumif;ESifh
ajymqkdojzifh uRefawmfwkdUonf urf;em;bufokdUvkdufMuav\/
okdU&mwGif ¤if;wkdUudk rDEkdif&ef r&Sdawmhonfjzpf&m "mwkaA'q&mBuD;OD;xGef;azonf þrQruao;? aemufaemif
pGefUpGefUpm;pm; BuHpnfaom trIaygif;rsm;pGmvnf; &Sdao;onf jzpf&um; þtywfwGif tqHk;owf&ef
rwwfEkdifonfjzpfí armifpH&Sm;ESifh ¤if;q&mBuD;wkdU tBudwfte,f olwpfjyef igwpfvSnfh BuHpnfMuyHkrsm;udk
aemiftywfrsm;wGif qufvufa&;om; azmfjy&OD;rnf jzpfayownf;/
NyD;ygNyD/
______
31/ pHkaxmufarmifpH&Sm;onf vlqkd;wkdU vufwGif;okdU oufqif;&yHk

uRefawmf armifodef;armifonf pHkaxmufarmifpH&Sm;ESihf &efukefNrdKUü a&S;OD;pGm awGUqHkoduRrf;cJhyHkESifhwuG ¤if;\
pdwfaeoabmxm; &SdyHkukdvnf;aumif;? xl;qef;aom tavhtusifhrsm;udk vnf;aumif;? uRefawmfESifh yxr
twlwuG vkdufvHpHkaxmufMuonfh BudK;Mumuef&Gm vlowfrI taMumif;udkvnf;aumif;? 1917 ckESpf {NyDvxkwf
ol&d,r*¾Zif;wGif a&S;OD;pGm xnfhoGif;azmfjycJh&m xkdUaemuf ¤if;r*¾Zif;ESifhwuG NAdwdoQbmrm; r*¾Zif;?
u0drsufrSefr*¾Zif;? rEÅav;r*¾Zif;? u0dwHcGefr*¾Zif; wkdUwGif ¤if;\ xl;uJaom t&nftcsif;ESifh qifjcif pOf;pm;yHk
wkdUudk 15 ESpfwkdifwkdif wwfEkdiforQ tcsdefrSefuefpGm xnfhoGif;a&;om; azmfjycJhzl;avNyD/ þavmu\
"r®wmobm0rSm rnfrQyif BuD;yGm;csrf;omonf qkdapumrl ukefcef;jcif;onfomvQif tqHk;owfacs\/ uREkfyf\
rdwfaqGarmifpH&Sm;rSmvnf; trIpHkaxmufjcif;udpöwGif emrnf&cJhí vlqkd;rSeforQudk ESdrfeif;atmifjrifcJhonfomvQif
jzpfaomaMumifh þjrefrmjynftwGif;&Sd txufwef;pm;vlBuD;rsm;ESifhwuG tpkd;&t&m&SdBuD;rsm; udk,fwkdifuyif
¤if;\ tultnDtaxmuftyHhudk &Hzef&Hcg toHk;jyKMuonfomru ,kd;',m;jynf? tdEd´,jynf r[m&mZm
apmfbGm;BuD;rsm;teufrS uREkfyf\rdwfaqG armifpH&Sm;\ ulnDapmifrjcif;udk &Hzef&Hcg vQdKU0SufpGm toHk;jyKMu
&onfhtavsmuf emrnfaumif; vufrSwfrsm;onfvnf;aumif;? tzkd;wefvufaqmif ypönf;rsm;onf vnf;aumif;
pkaqmif;í xm;cJhvQif AD½kdESifh wpfvHk;yif jynfhavmufygay\/
okdU&mwGif uREkfyf\ rdwfaqG armifpH&Sm;rSm vufrSwf*kPfxl; bGJUwHqdyf ponfwkdUudk ESpfoufjrwfEkd;jcif; r&Sd/
cGeftm;BuD;aomolonf cGeftm;r&Sdaomoltm; ESdyfpufñSif;yef;jcif;rSvnf;aumif;? qkd;rkdufaomolonf vlaumif;
wpfa,muftm; rw&m;jyKusifhjcif;rSvnf;aumif;? umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&jcif;udkomvQif t&if;cHxm;í trIcyfodrf;
wkdUudk aqmif&GufcJhonfjzpfaomaMumifh tqkdyg vufaqmif bGJUwHqdyfvufrSwf ponfwkdUudk odrf;qnf;pkaqmif;í
xm;aom tavhtusifh r&SdcJhacs/ tcgwpfyg;ü armifpH&Sm;onf tdE´d,jynfukvm;r[m&mZm apmfbGm;BuD;\ trIudk
vkdufvHaqmif&Gufay;cJhojzifh apmfbGm;BuD;onf armifpH&Sm; awmif;qkdaom tzkd;tcudk ay;urf;NyD;aemuf
txufoHygygESifh ...
]a&mh 'DrSm usKyfvkd vlwpfa,mufu toHk;jyKzl;aMumif; oufaovufrSwfwpfck ay;vkdufr,f? xkdufoifhwJh ae&mrSm
toHk;jyKacsawmh}
[k ajymvsuf vufrSwfwpfck ay;vkdufav\/ armifpH&Sm;onf xkdvufrSwfudk vSrf;,lí tdwfxJokdU
xnfhcJhaomfvnf; armfawmfum;ay:okdU a&mufMuonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf oufaocHvufrSwfudk rD;½dIUí
rdrd\aq;wHudk rD;ñSdvkdufav\/ ,if;uJhokdU tjynfjynfte,fe,fü xdyfwef;usaom vlrsm;\trIudk aqmif&Guf
cJh&í vlqkd;wumwkdU\ aMumuf&GHU½kdaojcif;udk cHcJh&aom uREkfyf\ rdwfaqGBuD;yifvQifvnf; avmu\
obm0"r®ukd rvGefqefEdkifcJhonfjzpf&um; vlqkd;wkdUudk Ekdifeif;cJhaom olonf aemufqHk;ü vlqkd;wkdU\
vufcsufjzifhyif toufqHk;½HI;cJh&Smav\/
uREfkyfrSm armifpH&Sm;\ taMumif;udk aemufqHk;azmfjyjcif; jzpfaom þtjzpftysufudk a&;om;&jcif;ü vGefcJhaom
tjzpftysufrsm;udk a&;om;jcif;uJhodkU pdwf\ aysmf&Tifjcif;r&Sd/ a&;aeonfh twGif;üyif ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm twlwuG
aexkdifcJhaom rdwfaqGBuD;\ rsufESmudk wa&;a&; xifjrifvsuf &SdonfjzpfaomaMumifh pdwf\ av;vHxkdif;rdIif;jcif;
jzpfcJh&ay\/
armifpH&Sm;onf pHkaxmufcJh&aom trIaygif;wkdUwGif ¤if;\ ÓPf&nfwlaom vlqkd;wpfa,mufudk
awGUcJvSonfjzpf&m "mwkaA'q&mjzpfaom ya&mfzufqm OD;xGef;az qkdolESifh a&S;OD;pGm awGUpOfurl xkdolum;
ÓPfynmt&mXmeü rdrdxuf atmufusaemufus r&SdaMumif;udk armifpH&Sm;udk,fwkdifuyif zGifhxkwfí
ajymqkdcJhzl;avonf/ xkduJhokdU 0efcHonfhtwkdif;vnf; armifpH&Sm;onf ¤if;ya&mfzufqm OD;xGef;azudk rdzkdU&ef
a&TOa'gif;
tBudrfBudrftzefzef BuHpnftm;xkwfygvsufESifh b,ftcg rqkd vufrwifuav;rQ vGJí vGJí oGm;onfyif

jzpfayawmhonf/
uRefawmfonf ya&mfzufqm OD;xGef;azESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdU\ taMumif;udk vGefcJhaom oHk;ESpfcefUtcgu u0drsufrSef
r*¾Zif;wGif wpfBudrfrQ a&;om;azmfjycJhzl;aomfvnf; OD;xGef;az\ tusifhpm&dwåwkdUudk rodbJ &SdaeMurnf pkd;ojzihf
tenf;i,f xyfrHa&;om; azmfjy&rnfjzpfayonf/
¤if;OD;xGef;azrSm ya&mfzufqmq&mBuD;wpfOD; jzpfonfhjyif "mwkaA'ynmü tvGefw&m xl;uJaygufa&mufol
wpfa,muf jzpf&um; vlwkdU\ touf0dnmOfESifh opfyifrsm;\ toufwkdU jcm;em;yHktaMumif;udk avmu"mwf
ynmenf;tm;jzifh xif&Sm;atmif Oyrm Oyar,sESifhwuG pmtkyfBuD; wpftkyfjzpfatmif t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh
pD&ifa&;om; ½kdufESdyfxkwfa0cJh&m ¤if;wGif azmfjyyg&Sdaom pOf;pm;qifjcifcsufwkdUrSm tvGefw&m eufeJqef;Mu,fjcif;
&SdaMumif;ESifh *smreDjynf? t*Fvefjynf? qGpfZmvefjynf&Sd avmu"mwfq&mBuD;rsm;uyif 0efcHí
todtrSwfjyKMu&avonf/ okdU&mwGif b,fa&GUb,frQyif ÓPfBuD;onf jzpfapumrl tusifhpm&dwåjzifh
tajccHrjyKcJhygvQif jynfhpHkvHkavmufjcif; r&SdEkdifonfhjyif tusifhraumif;cJhygvQif ÓPfBuD;onfh twGufaMumifhyif
olwpfyg;tm; omvGefí'ku©ay;Ekdifaom tpGrf;&SdwwfaMumif;rSm OD;xGef;az\ tjzpftysufudk zwf½Ijcif;tm;jzifh
xif&Sm;vSayonf/ ¤if;q&mBuD;\ t,l0g'rSm topfarG;zGm;aom owå0grsm;onf owå0gtopfrsm;jzpfMuí
aoqHk;aomtcgüvnf; uG,faysmufMu\/ okdUjzpfí þb0üjyKvkyfaom ukokdvfuH? tukokdvfuH ponfwkdUonf
wpfzefb0opfü tusdK;ay;zkdU&ef r&SdbJ xkdowå0g aoqHk;onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf owå0gESifhtwl uG,faysmufMu
avonf/ ,if;okdUjzpf&um; ¤if;\ t,l0g't&rSm owå0g wpfOD;wpfa,mufonf raumif;rIrS a&SmifMuOf&ef
vnf;aumif;? aumif;rIukodkvf jyK&efvnf;aumif;? tvkyf0wå&m; wm0efr&Sdacs/ xkdokdUaom t,l0g'rsdK;
aMumifhvnf; þrQavmuf ÓPfynmBuD;&ifhaom vlwpfa,mufonf raumif;aom enf;vrf;jzifh avmuü
acwåcP BuD;yGm;rItwGuf &uf&ufpufpuf jyKrlaqmif&Guf0Hh[ef vu©Pm &Sdayonf/
OD;xGef;azrSm raumif;aom tavhtusifh&SdaMumif;ESifh ausmif;tkyfBuD;od&Sdojzifh ausmif;rS EIwfy,fjcif;
cHcJh&NyD;aemuf &efukefNrdKUü &Sdaom vlqkd;vlrkduf uyfaMu;udkufrSpí "m;jyBuD;rsm;wkdifatmif wynfhtjzpfESifh
arG;jrLapcdkif;NyD;vQif &orQaomaiGwkdUudk vuf0g;BuD;tkyfí tpkBuD;pm;vmcJhaom vlwpfa,muf jzpfavonf/
vlqkd;rsm;udk arG;jrLonfqkd&mü xkdolonf vlqkd;vlrkdufrsm;udk rdrd\aetdrfü auR;arG;íxm;onf[k qkdvkdonf
r[kwf/ rnfonfhtrIudpöwGif jzpfap tBuHay; ÓPfay;tvkyf? pDrHcefUcGJjcif; tvkyfudk vkyfí wpfqifhrSwpfqifhokdU
vTJtyfapckdif;jcif;rQom jzpfaomaMumifh pifppftm;jzifh aoewfudk udkifvsuf pdefwkdufudk azmufaomolonf
vnf;aumif;? pmykdUrD;&xm;ü tzkd;wef ygq,fxkyfudk xkwf,laomolonf vnf;aumif;? nOfUtcgü vljywfaom
vrf;Mum;wGif c&D;oGm;\ausmudk "m;ajr§mifESifh pdkufaomolonf vnf;aumif;? rD;tmrcHukrÜPDrS aiGudk vdrfvnf&ef
puf½Hkudk rD;ESifh½dIUaom olonfvnf;aumif; rnfol\ tBuHjzpfonfudkvnf; rod? xajrmufaomtcgü rnfolUxHrS
aiG&aMumif;udkvnf; rod/ rdrdwkdUtvkyfudkomvQif NyD;pD;atmif rsufpdrSdwfvsuf aqmif&GufMu&avonf/ tu,fí
vlrkdufwpfa,mufonf wpfckaomudpöwGif aqmif&GufNyD;aemuf rnfolu apckdif;jcif;jzpfonfudk odvkdojzihf
axmufvSrf;pHkprf;jcif;jyKí t&dyft>rufrQ od&SdcJhygvQif xdkvlrkdufonf avmuütcsdefwm&SnfpGm aezkdU&ef arQmfvifhzkdU
r&Sd/ tjcm;vlrkdufwpfa,muf\ vufcsufjzifh rMumrDtwGif; toufqHk;½HI;&onfomvQif jzpfcJhavonf/
OD;xGef;az tvkyfvkyfyHkudk Oyrmaqmif&aomf ,ifaumifrsm;udk zrf;&ef rdrd\tap;jzifh ykdufuGefjzpfatmif zGJUaom
yifhulwpfaumifonf ydkufuGef\tv,fü Nidrf0yfpGm xkdifaeaomfvnf; ykd;rTm;rsm;NidwG,fonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf
rnfonfht&yfü NidwG,faMumif;udk odEkdifbdouJhokdU OD;xGef;azrSmvnf; rdrd\ tcef;twGif; yufvufukvm;xkdif
ay:wGif Nidrf0yfpGmxkdifaeaomfvnf; &efukefNrdKUwGif; vlqkd;vlrkdufrsm;ESifhywfoufíjzpfysuforQudk tvHk;pHk od&Sdonf
omvQif jzpfay\/ yifhulonf ydkufuGefü jidwG,faom,ifaumif\ OD;aESmufudk azmufpm;onfh enf;wl OD;xGef;az
onfvnf; jzpfyGm;orQaom trIwkdUrS 0ifaiGudk tpkBuD;&vkdufonfomvQif jzpfacs\/ xkduJhodkU ESpfaygif;twefMum
vlqkd;vlrkdufrsm;vkd wkdufckdufenf;jzifh r[kwfbJ ta0;rS tkyfcsKyfpDrHcJhjcif;tm;jzifh OD;xGef;azrSm ydkufqHaMu;aiG
ajrmufjrm;pGm pkaqmif;&&SdcJhNyDjzpfacs&m &Hzef&Hcg w&m;cHrsm;udk vufyl;vufMuyf rdoGm;jyefygvQifvnf; ¤if;wkdU

twGuf OD;xGef;azu taumif;qHk;aom 0wfvHkawmf&rsm;udk iSm;&rf;avQmufvJ aponfhjyif r½kd;ajzmifhaom
w&m;olBuD;\ ½Hk;okdUa&mufaomtrIrsm;rSmvnf; w&m;olBuD;tm; wefpkd;vufaqmifxkd;jcif;tm;jzifh avQmfypfatmif
jyKEkdifcJhavonf/
armifpH&Sm;onfvnf; ¤if;\ tjzpftysufudk od&Sdonfjzpfí OD;xGef;azudk trIwpfrIESifh jidpGef;aMumif;xif&Sm;atmif
BudK;pm;cJhygaomfvnf; vufatmufi,fom;udkomvQif jypfrIxif&Sm;atmif jyKvkyfEkdifí OD;xGef;azokdU wkdifatmif
tjypfxif&Sm;apzkdUrSmum; rwwfEkdifbJ &SdaecJhav\/ okdU&mwGif ,ckaemufqHk;jzpfaom trIüum; armifpH&Sm;onf
vlqkd;wpfNrHKvHk;udk ykvdyfvufwGif;odkUa&mufatmifaqmif&Guf½HkrQru w&m;olBuD;\a&SUokdUa&mufatmif i,fom;rsm;
ESifhwuG OD;xGef;azyg jypfrIxif&Sm;atmif pDrHEkdifcJhNyDjzpf&um; OD;xGef;azonf xkdtaMumif;udk od&Sdonfjzpfí
armifpH&Sm;udk tenf;enf;tm;jzifh aoaMumif;BuHpnfvsuf&Sdav\/ ,ck&Sdaeaom tajctaet&rSm armifpH&Sm;onf
vlowfrIwpfckü wynfhi,fom; q,fa,mufcefUESifhwuG q&mBuD;jzpfaom OD;xGef;azudkyg NidpGef;atmif oufaocH
rsm; pkaqmif;NyD;aemuf NrHK;ygcsDízrf;qD;&efjzpfav&m xdkokdU zrf;qD;&efrSm oHk;&ufcefUrQ tcsdefvkdaeao;\/
tu,fí ,ckcsufcsif; zrf;qD;cJhaomf vlqkd;rsm;udk rdEkdifrnfrSefaomfvnf; oufaocH rvHkavmufao;onfjzpfí
w&m;olBuD;a&SUodkU a&mufaomtcgü taumif;qHk;aom a&SUaersm;u tjypftemtqm &Smí avQmufvJcJhygvQif
uGif;vHk;uRwf &Sif;&Sif;BuD;vGwfoGm;rnfudk pkd;&drf&onfjzpfí tcsdef apmifhqkdif; ae&jcif; jzpfavonf/
xkdoHk;&uftawmtwGif;ü OD;xGef;azonf armifpH&Sm;tm; tBudrfaygif;rsm;pGm aoaMumif;BuHcJhavonf/
yrmqkdaomf uRefawmfESifharmifpH&Sm;wkdUonf wpfaeUaomnaeü vrf;avQmuf&ef xGufoGm;Muaomtcg za&Zmvrf;
(,ck taemf&xmvrf;) ESifh r*dkvrf; (,ck a&TbHkomvrf;) axmifh tul;wGif armfawmfum;wpfpD;onf aps;opfBuD;
bufrS vQifjrefpGm armif;vmí za&Zmvrf;udk ul;ausmfonfwGif xHk;pHtwkdif; vuf0JbufrS uyfírarmif;bJ vufsm
bufokdU vSnfhícsdK;vkduf&m armifpH&Sm;rSm jzwfvwfvsifjrefolwpfa,mufjzpfonfhtwdkif; vrf;eHab;odkU ½kwfw&uf
ckefwufvdkufaomaMumifh omvQif a&SU0if½kd;pGef;ESifh wpfvufr\ oHk;yHkwpfyHkcefU vGwfoGm;í toufcsrf;om&cJh
av\/ uRefawmfrSm xkdolonf armfawmfum;udk t&rf;armif;onf[k rSwfxifojzifh um;eHygwfudk rSwf,lvsuf&Sd&m
armifpH&Sm;url '½kdifbmudk wpfcsufrQ vSrf;íMunfhNyD;aemuf
]rSwfraeygeJYAsm? udkodef;armif? wevFmaeUusawmh OD;xGef;azESifhtwl ykvdyfvufxJ a&mufr,fhtaumifyg?
rawmfwqjzpfwJh[m r[kwfbl;As? usKyfudk wrifwkdufowfwmyJ? okdUaomf &Sdygapav? 'DtaumifawG vGwfvyfjcif;
&&if tvGefqHk; oHk;&ufayghAsm}
[k ajymav\/
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwkdUonf za&Zmvrf;wpfavQmuf avQmufoGm;Muí wkdufopfwpfvHk;aqmufvkyfae&m teD;okdU
a&mufMuaomtcg uRefawmfonf AHk;ceJ toHMum;ojzifh vefUíckefvkduf&m puftkwfcJwpfvHk;onf uRefawmfESifh
armifpH&Sm;wkdU\ tMum; ajcaxmufem;wGif usí vrf;ay:ü pddpdnufnufaMurGoGm;onfudk awGUjrifvkduf&av\/
xkdodkYjzpfonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf armifpH&Sm;onf wkwfaumufudk udkdifum wpfydkif;wpfpNyD;pD;aeaom wkdufay:okdU
wufajy;í uRefawmfESifhtwl &SmazGygaomfvnf; yef;&Horm;ESpfa,mufudkomvQif awGU&í ¤if;wkdUu þwkduf
ay:wGif rdrdwkdUrSwpfyg; tjcm;ol wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ r&Sd&ygaMumif;ESifh usdefqkdí ajymMuaomfvnf; armifpH&Sm;
url auseyfjcif;r&SdbJ rdrd\toufudk BuHpnfonfh OD;xGef;az\ wynfhrsm;vufcsuf jzpfaMumif;ESifh uRefawmfhtm;
ajymjyav\/
odrfBuD;aps;teD;okdU a&mufMujyefaomtcg vlwpfa,mufonf ukvm;qkdif wpfqkdifrS ½kwfw&uf xGufvmí
vufwGifygaom Zm0DwkwfBuD;wpfacsmif;ESifh armifpH&Sm;\ OD;acgif;ukd ½dkufvkduf&m &nf&G,fxm;onfhtwdkif; xdcJh
ygrl armifpH&Sm;rSm xkdae&müyif yGJcsif;NyD; aoqHk;acsrnfjzpf\/ okdY&mwGif armifpH&Sm;rSm tvGefw&myif rsufpdvQifí
jzwfvwffvsifjrefol wpfa,mufjzpfonfhtwkdif; OD;acgif;udk iHkUvQdK;í vufrS wkwfaumufjzifh xkdol\rsufESmudk
a&TOa'gif;
jzef;ceJcsvkduf&m xdkolonf yufvefyufvefESifh jzpfoGm;NyD;aemuf t"r®vufMum;vrf;odkU jzwf0ifajy;oGm;av\/

xkdolrSmvnf; q&mBuD;OD;xGef;az\ rsm;pGmaom wynfhrsm;teufwGif wpfa,muftygt0ifjzpfaMumif;ESifh
armifpH&Sm;u ajymjyav\/
xkdtcg uRefawmfu þrQavmuf &efolaygrsm;onfh ae&mwGif ajcusifvrf;avQmufMu&ef roifhavsmfaMumif;ESihf
ajymjyí wuúpDwpfpD;udk ac:NyD;vQif tdrfokdU jyefvmMu&m armifpH&Sm;u xkdaeYonf aomMumaeYjzpfí xkdaeUrS
oHk;&ufvGefajrmufaomf wevFmaeUwGif OD;xGef;azESifhwuG ¤if;\ i,fom;wpfpkudk zrf;qD;Ekdifawmhrnf
jzpfaomaMumifh þoHk;&ufomvQif owd0D&d,ESifh aexkdifzkdU&ef vkdawmhonfjzpfaMumif;ESifh ajymjyav\/
tdrfokdU a&mufMuaomtcg uRefawmfwkdUonf OD;xGef;azESifh ¤if;\ wynfhrsm;taMumif;ESifhwuG &mZ0wfrI
usL;vGef&ef pDrHaom t&mXmeü OD;xGef;azonf wpfbufurf;cwf wwfajrmufol wpfa,muf jzpfayaMumif;udk
vnf;aumif;? xdkolrSm ÓPfynmt&mXmeüvnf; armifpH&Sm;ESifh twef;wl jzpfonfhtaMumif;udk vnf;aumif;?
xdkoludk zrf;qD;&rdítjypfxif&Sm;avatmif oufaocHrsm;wifjyNyD;í tjypftavsmuf pD&ifjcif; cHapNyD;aom tcgü
armifpH&Sm;rSm avmuü rdrdwm0ef0wå&m;udk aqmif&GufNyD;pD;avNyD[lí rSwf,laMumif;udk vnf;aumif;? tu,fí
rdrdarQmfvifhonfhtwdkif; OD;xGef;azudk tjypf&atmif aqmif&GufNyD;aomtcgü rdrd\ wm0efukefacsNyDjzpfí
xkdokdUaqmif&Guf&mwGif rdrd\ toufyifqHk;½HI;&apumrl 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om pGefYvTwfEkdifrnfjzpfaMumif;udk
vnf;aumif; ajymqkdvsuf &SdMupOf avSum;rS wufvmaom ajcoHrsm;udk Mum;&NyD;aemuf toufav;q,fESifh
ig;q,ftwGif;&Sdaeaom vlwpfa,mufonf tcef;wGif;okdY 0ifvmav\/ xkdolonfum; tjcm;r[kwf?
"mwkaA'q&mBuD; OD;xGef;azyif jzpfaeavawmhownf;/
OD;xGef;azonf tcef;wGif;okdY 0ifvmNyD;aemuf cyfNyHK;NyHK;rsufESmxm;ESifh armifpH&Sm;tm; Munfhvsuf &Sdav&m
armifpH&Sm;ESifh xkdolrSm touft&G,ftm;jzifh vnf;aumif;? jrifhrm;aom t&yftarmif; &Sdjcif;ü vnf;aumif;?
us,fjyefYaom ezl;&Sdjcif;ü vnf;aumif;? pl;&SaomrsufvHk;rsm;? zswfvwfaom trlt&m &Sdjcif;üvnf;aumif;
wlnDMuonfjzpf&m xif&Sm;pGm jcm;em;aom tcsufwpfckrSm armifpH&Sm;udk jrif&oltaygif;wkdYonf xkdolü
ajzmifhrwfwnfMunfaom orm"d&SdaMumif;udk wpfMudrfjrifonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf odEkdifMuonfjzpfí OD;xGef;azudk
jrif&oltaygif;wkdUrSmrl xkdolü &ufpufaom pdwfoabm&SdaMumif;udk wpfcgwnf; odjrifqHk;jzwfEkdif
Murnfjzpfavonf/
uRefawmfESifh armifpH&Sm;wkdUrSm OD;xGef;az\ taMumif;udk ajymvsuf&SdpOftwGif; OD;xGef;az udk,fwkdif wufvm
onfudk jrif&aomtcg uRefawmfrSm rsm;pGm wkefvIyftHhMojcif; jzpf&av&m armifpH&Sm;rSmrl uRefawmfuJhokdUyif
tHhMornf[lí rkcsajymEdkifaomfvnf; tHhMojcif;udkvnf;aumif;? wkefvIyfjcif;udkvnf;aumif; tvQOf;azmfjyjcif;
r&SdbJ zdwfMum;xm;aom {nfhonfwpfa,mufudk vufcHonfhtvm; at;at;aq;aq;&Sdaom trlt&mESifh
ukvm;xkdifwpfckudk vufñdI;nTefvsuf ]xkdifyg xdkifyg} [k ajymav\/
xGef;/ /(NyHK;aphaphrsufESmxm;ESifh armifpH&Sm;tm;Munfhvsuf) ]xkdifwmawmh [kwfyg&JU? tusÐtdwfxJuaeNyD;
vlwpfzufom;udk ajcmufvHk;jyL;ESifh csdefxm;awmh xkdif&wm ,m;usdusd &SdvSw,fAsm}
&S m;/ /(tusÐtdwfxJrS ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewfudk xkwfí pm;yGJay:ü wifxm;NyD;aemuf) ]ukdif; cifAsm;udk usKyf
ig;rdepf tcsdefay;r,f? ajymp&m &SdwJh pum;udk ig;rdepftwGif; NyD;atmif ajymAsm? bmajymcsifovJ}
xGef;/ /]usKyfajymwJh pum;udk cifAsm; odNyD;yJ}
&S m;/ /]usKyf ajzwJh tajzudk cifAsm; odNyD; r[kwfvm;}
xGef;/ /]usKyf xifwJh twkdif;yJvm;}
&S m;/ /]'Dtwkdif;ygyJ}
xkdtcg OD;xGef;azonf tusÐtdwftwGif;okdY vufEIdufav&m armifpH&Sm;onfvnf; aoewfudk pm;yGJrS

aumuf,lvkdufav\/ okdU&mwGif OD;xGef;az tdwfxJrS xkwf,lvkdufaomt&mrSm vufeufr[kwf/ pm&Gufwpf&Guf
rQom jzpfavonf/ ¤if;aemuf ...
xGef;/ /]cifAsm;ESifh usKyfESifh ÓPfcsif;NydKifaeMuwm oHk;ESpfavmuf &SdoGm;NyD? okdUaomf a&S;u tjzpftysufawGudk
tomxm;NyD; tckwpfavm aemufqHk;trIu tjzpftysufudk ajymMupkdY? usKyftBuHudk cifAsm; Zlvkdifv 4 &ufaeUu
pNyD; aESmifh,Sufw,f? 25 &ufaeUrSm usKyfaumif;aumif; usyfatmif cifAsm;vkyfvkdufw,f? 21 &ufaeU rSmwkef;u
rsm; uHaumif;vkdU vufrwifuav; usKyfvGwfoGm;w,f? vukefumeD;avmufrSm usKyfudk cifAsm; usyfonfxuf
usyfatmifvkyfjyefw,f? ,ck Mo*kwfvqef;tcgrSmawmh tifrwdtifrweftusyftwnf;jzpfvmNyD; usKyfrSm
vGwfvyfpGm aeEkdifzkdYawmif r&Sdawmhbl;As? cifAsm;[m usKyfudk tvGefw&m aESmifh,SufwJhvlwpfa,muf jzpfw,f}
&S m;/ /]okdYrkdYaMumifh cifAsm;u b,fvkdrsm; tBuHay;zkdU &SdovJ}
xGef;/ /]avQmhvkdufyg OD;pH&Sm;&,f? usKyfukd raESmifh,SufygESifh}
&S m;/ /]wevFmaeYu vGef&if usKyf avQmhyghr,f}
xGef;/ /]'DvkdrvkyfygESifhav? cifAsm;vJ ÓPf&SdwJh vlwpfa,mufuyJ? usKyfvkd vlwpfa,mufudk usyfusyfwnf;wnf;
jzpfatmifvkyf&if b,fvkdjzpfr,fqkdwm cifAsm;odavmufygw,f? cifAsm;vkyfyHkawGu usKyfrSm tifrwef tusyf
twnf; jzpfNyD; aemufqHk;vkyfp&m vrf;wpfckyJ &Sdawmhw,fAs}
&S m;/ /]'DuaeY oHk;Budrfawmif cifAsm;vkyfwm? a[m'Du rdwfaqG udkodef;armifawmif odygao;w,f cifAs}
xGef;/ /]'gu usKyftjypf r[kwfbl;? cifAsm; tjypfyJAs? trSeftwkdif; 0efcH&r,fqkd&if cifAsm; pDrHyHkawG[m
wu,fqkd ae&musygayw,f? 'Dawmhum 'Davmufawmif ae&mwus pDrHEkdifwJh t&nftcsif;&Sdolwpfa,mufudk ...}
&S m;/ /]tqHk;pD&if&rSm ESajrmw,f qkdygawmh}
xGef;/ /]rSefygw,f? 'Dtwkdif;ygyJ}
&S m;/ /]ab;tEÅ&m,fqkdwmrsdK;[m usKyfwkdUrSmawmh ½kd;aeygNyDAsm}
xGef;/ /]½kd;aeayr,fh usKyfu onfhjyifvlESifh rwlbl;As? cifAsm;vJ todom;uyJ? 'Dtay:rSm usKyfu
wpfa,mufwnf;vJ r[kwfbl;? cifAsm;rSmawmh wpfa,mufwnf; jzpfw,f? trsm;ESifh wpfa,mufqkdwm ...}
&S m;/ /(xkdif&mrSxvsuf) ]pum;ajymvkdUawmhaumif;yg&JUAsm? okdUaomf usKyfrSm onfhjyifudpöav;awGu &Sdao;w,f}
xGef;/ /(xkdif&mrS xí armifpH&Sm;\ rsufESmteD;wGif vufñdI;axmifvsuf) ]owdxm;ygAsm OD;pH&Sm;? aemifcgawmh
usKyfudk tqkd;rqkdESifhaemf? wevFmaeU rwkdifrD cifAsm; usKyfudk bmrS rwwfEdkifao;bl;? usKyf odw,f? [kdaeUus&if
cifAsm;u usKyfudk w&m;olBuD;vuf tyfNyD; tjypftwkdif; pD&ifapzkdY cifAsm; arQmfvifhw,f r[kwfvm;? b,fenf;
ESifhrS usKyf[m tjypfay;cHr,fh vlwpfa,muf r[kwfbl;As? usKyfpum;udk cifAsm; NrJNrJrSwfxm;vkduf? cifAsm;u
usKyfudk Ekdifr,fvkdU xifw,f? b,fenf;ESifhrS cifAsm; usKyfudk rEdkifap&bl;? usKyf ysufpD;&if cifAsm;udk,fvnf;
ysufpD;NyDrSwfvkduf}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm;u usKyfudk csD;rGrf;cJhwm rsm;ayNyD? usKyfuvJ jyefNyD;csD;rGrf;yg&apOD;? olwpfyg;udk raESmifh,Suf
Ekdifavmufatmif cifAsm;ysufpD;zkdU usKyfvkyfEkdifr,fqkd&if usKyfudk,fwkdifysufpD;aomfvnf; twGuf r&Sdygbl;? usKyf
cH0Hhygw,f}
xGef;/ /]usKyf ysufpD;vm; rysufpD;vm;awmh trSefrajymEdkifbl;? cifAsm;awmh ysufpD;NyD;om; rkcsyJ}
a&TOa'gif;
¤if;aemuf "mwkaA'q&mBuD; OD;xGef;azonf tcef;wGif;rS xGufoGm;av&m uRefawmfonf ukvm;xkdifwpfvHk;udk

aumuf,lygaomfvnf; armifpH&Sm;u OD;acgif;udk ,rf;vkdufonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf jyefí csxm;vkduf&av\/
&S m;/ /]aeygap udkodef;armif? olUtjypfESifhol oGm;zkdY usKyfpDrHxm;wJhtxJrSm cifAsm;u vufa&mufrI 0ifjzpf
raeygESifhOD;}
uRefawmf/ /]'DuaeY wpfaeYtwGif; cifAsm;toufudk oHk;Budrfwkdifwkdif aoaMumif;BuHpnfwm odvsufESifh 'Dtwkdif;
MunfhNyD;ae&wm uRefawmf tcH&cufvSw,fAsm}
&S m;/ /]'Dua&SUukd onfhxufqkd;atmif BuHpnfOD;rSm trSefyJAs? 'Dawmh usKyfwkdU 'DoHk;&uftawmtwGif;rSm &efukefNrdKU
ay:rSm raebJ a&SmifNyD;aeMu&if aumif;r,fxifw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]uRefawmfvnf; onfvkdyJ oabm&w,fAsm}
&S m;/ /]okdUaomf &efukefu xGufoGm;zkdUawmif usKyfwkdU tifrwef usyfao;w,f? olUvlawGu vrf;wkdif;rSm
apmihfaerSm trSefyJ? olwkdUrodatmif blwm½HkoGm;zkdUawmif renf;pDrH&vdrfhr,f? okdUaomf vlqkd;wumudk zrf;vmcJhwJh
armifpH&Sm;uyJ? 'Davmufawmh BuHEkdifaumif;ygao;&JUAsm}
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfwkdYonf &efukefrS wdwfwqdwf xGufoGm;&ef taMumif;udk wkdifyifpDrHum &SdaeMuav\/

aemufqHk;ü uRefawmfwkdU\ tBuHrSm xkdaeUn 8 em&D 45 rdepftcsdefwGif &efukefrS xGufaom rEÅav;pmykdY&xm;ESifh
vkdufygoGm;í ompnfblwm½HkrS wpfzef awmifBuD;NrdKUodkU rD;&xm;ESifh qufvuf vdkufygMu&ef jzpfavonf/
OD;xGef;azESihf ¤if;\ wynfhrsm;udk zrf;qD;&ef udpörSmrl tifpydwfawmf armif tkef;azESifh vTJtyfcJhNyD;jzpfí
armifpH&Sm;\ tvkyfrSm &efolrsm;\ vufcsufrS xdkoHk;&uf tawmtwGif;ü vGwfatmif wdrf;a&Smifí
ae&efrQomvQif jzpfayonf/ zrf;qD;&rdaomtcgü a&SUaersm;avQmufvJí rvGwfEkdifatmif cdkifvHkaom
oufaocHrsm;udkvnf; armifpH&Sm;udk,fwdkif pkaqmif;vTJtyfcJhNyD; jzpfavonf/
xdkaeU n 8 em&DtcsdefcefUwGif armifpH&Sm;onf wdkufa&SUrS vlqdk;rsm; apmifhaeonfh taMumif;udk od&Sdojzifh
wdkufaemufaz;rS BudK;wpfacsmif;ESifh avQmcsNyD;vQif aemufaz;vrf;Mum;wpfavQmufrS avQmufxGuf uG,faysmufí
oGm;av\/ 5 rdepfcefU Mumaomtcg uRefawmfonf armifpH&Sm;\ trdefU twdkif; om;a&tdwfESifh tdyf&mvdyfudk
wdkufa&SUavScg;rS csNyD;aemuf a&S;OD;pGm awGUaom armfawmfum;udkvnf;aumif;? 'kwd, ay:vmaom
armfawmfum;udkvnf;aumif; wufí rpD;bJ wwd, a&mufvmaom armfawmfum;ay:odkU wufí '½dkifbmtm;
oabFmqdyfodkU armif;ESifap\/ '½dkifbmvnf; uRefawmf\ trdefUtwdkif; um;ukd vQifjrefpGm armif;ESifav&m
za&Zmvrf;axmifhodkU a&mufaomtcg wuúpDwpfpD;onf vrf;axmifhwGif &yfvsuf apmifhae&mrS uRefawmf\
um;aemufodkU vdkufygvmav\/ uRefawmfonf xdkum;rSm uRefawmf\ aemufodkU wrifvdkufaom um;[kwf
r[kwfudk odvdkojzifh 32vrf;odkU csdK;0ifí 33vrf;rS wzef xGufvmav&m aemufrS um;onfvnf; xdktwdkif;yif
jyKonfukd jrifojzifh uRefawmf\ aemufodkU wrifvdkufaom um;jzpfaMumif; od&Sd&av\/
odkUjzpfí uRefawmfonf '½dkifbmtm; oabFmqdyfodkU wnfhwnfharmif;apí ykodrfoabFmqdyfwHcg;rS 0ifapNyD;vQif
rEÅav;oabFmqdyfwHcg;rS vsifjrefpGm xGufvmapNyD;aemuf blwm½HkodkU wyfEkdiforQ vsifjrefpGm armif;Esifapav\/
ykodrfoabFmqdyfüum; oabFmxGufrnf qJqJ&Sdaeojzifh c&D;onfrsm;onf olUxufig ae&m&atmif
wdk;a0SUwGef;z,fvsuf &SdaeMuonfjzpf&m aemufrS vdkufvmaom um;onf þoabFmqdyfü uRefawmfqif;awmhrnf
rSwfxifojzifh cyfat;at; qdkif;aerdonftwGuf rsufajcjywfoGm;jcif; jzpf[efvu©Pm &Sdavonf/
uRefawmfonf blwm½HkodkU qdkufa&mufonfESihf wpfNydKifeuf vufrSwfcH,lNyD;vQif armifpH&Sm;ESifh csdef;csufNyD;

jzpfaom 'kwd,wef; wGJwpfwGJokdU vsifjrefpGm wufoGm;av&m xdkwGJrSm armifpH&Sm; pDpOfxm;onfhtwdkif;
oD;oefU[lí pmuyfqGJxm;aom wGJjzpfavonf/ xdkwGJrSm av;a,muf pD;wGJjzpfí uyfxm;aom pm&GufwGif
yg&Sdonfh trnfrsm;rSmum; uRefawmfwdkU\ trnf r[kwfacs/ wGJay:odkU uRefawmf wufrdaomtcg wGJtwGif;wGif
vlwpfa,mufrQ r&Sdjzpfav&m uRefawmfonf ypönf;rsm;udk ae&mwus xm;NyD;aemuf tcsdefukd Munfhvdkufaomtcg
8 em&DESifh rdepf av;q,f &SdNyDjzpfaomaMumifh rD;&xm;xGuf&ef ig;rdepfrQomvQif usefawmh\/ xdkcPü
rD;&xm;xGufzdkU yxracgif;avmif;xdk;aomfvnf; uRefawmf\ rdwfaqGarmifpH&Sm;rSmrl tpterQ rjrif&ojzifh
uRefawmfonf rD;&xm; jywif;aygufrS OD;acgif;jyLvsuf yvufazmif;wavQmufodkU rD;&xm;acgif;buf aemufbuf
ponfwdkU arQmfMunfhygaomfvnf; armifpH&Sm;\ t&dyfedrdwfudkrQ rjrif&acs/ ¤if;aemuf 'kwd, acgif;avmif;
xdk;jyefav&m xdktcgürlum; rD;&xm; xGufzdkU ESpfrdepfrQomvQif usefawmh\/ armifpH&Sm;rSmrlum;
ray:vmao;acs/
,if;uJhodkU tcsdef eD;uyfpGm &Sdvmaomtcgüum; uRefawmf\ rdwfaqGrSm wpfae&m&mü vlqdk;wkdU\
vufcsufrdacsNyDwum;[k rsm;pGm ylyefpdk;&drfjcif; jzpfcJh&av\/
wpfrdepfcefUrQ vdkawmhonf jzpfí *gwfAdkvfu tvHudk udkifum rD;&xm; aemufydkif;ü rwfwwfrwfwwfESifh
&SdaepOf/ yefcsmyDukvm;wpfa,mufonf wGJay:odkU wufvmojzifh uRefawmfu þwGJrSm oD;oefUxm;aom
wGJjzpfaMumif;ESihf armif;ESifí csrnftjyKwGif ]udpör&Sdygbl;Asm? xkdifom xdkifyg} [k ajymoHudk Mum;aomtcgrS
rdwfaqG armifpH&Sm; jzpfaMumif;udk 0rf;ajrmufpGmESihf od&av\/
armifpH&Sm;onf uRefawmftm; pum;rajym&ef rsuf&dyfjyNyD;aemuf wGJ\wpfckaom axmifhü xkdifawmhrnf jyKonfESifh
wpfNydKifeuf *gwfAdkvfonf rD;&xm;xGufap&ef 0DpDudk rIwfvsuf tcsufay;vkdufojzifh rD;&xm;onf wa&GUa&GUESifh
xGufpjyKav\/ xkdcPü t&yfjrifhaom vlwpfa,mufonf blwm½HkwHcg;aygufü apmifhaeaom vufrSwfppfrsm;udk
wGef;z,fum xGufvmNyD;aemuf rD;&xm;udk &yfwefUapvkdbdouJhokdY vufrsm;udk ajr§mufvsuf rD;&xm;&Sd&mokdY
ajy;vmav\/ okdUygaomfvnf; rD;&xm;rSm tawmft&Sdef&NyDjzpfaomaMumifh xkdolonf aemufqHk;jzpfaom
*gwfwGJokdY rD½HkrQvkduf&ojzifh wufawmhrnfjyKqJwGifyif ausmfvGefíoGm;av\/ xkduJhokdY vufrwifuav;rQ
vGJoGm;í yvufazmif;ay:wGif ckefaygufum usef&pfaeaom olrSm tjcm;r[kwf? "mwkaA'q&mBuD; OD;xGef;az yif
jzpfavonf/
uRefawmf/ /]awmfao;w,fAsm? enf;enf;uav; vGJoGm;w,f}
&S m;/ /]w,frxifESifh q&mBuD;? 'D&xm;rSm usKyfwkdY ygoGm;rSef;od&if b,fenf;ESifhrqkd rrD rDatmif olvkyfrSmyJ }
uRefawmf/ /]b,fvkdrsm; vkyfrvJAsm}
&S m;/ /]bmcufovJAs? um;wpfpD;udkiSm;NyD; yJcl;u aeNyD; BudKvkdrSmaygh}
uRefawmf/ /]rDyghrvm;Asm}
&S m;/ /]armif;0Hh&if rDwmayghAsm}
rD;&xm;onf yJcl;blwmokdY qkdufcgeD;wGif armifpH&Sm;onf ypönf;rsm;udk jyifapí blwmokdU qkdufonfESihf
wpfNydKifeuf &xm;ay:rS qif;NyD;vQif &xm;vrf;ay:rS jzwfausmfaom wHwm;atmufrS arSmif&dyfwGif ckdum apmihfae
Muav\/ uRefawmfwkdU\ tBuHrSm tu,fí OD;xGef;azu armfawmfum;ESifh vkdufygvmojzihf &xm;udk rDcJhvQif
yJcl;ü csefae&pfcJh&ef? rrDcJhvQif xkd&xm;ESifh qufvufvkdufoGm;Mu&ef jzpfavonf/
rD;&xm;rSm yJcl;blwmü 15 rdepfcefUrQ &yfwefUav&m xkdtawmtwGif; uRefawmfwkdUonf wHwm;atmufrS ykef;vsuf
blwm½HkwHcg;okdU arQmfMunfhum &SdaeMuav\/ 15 rdepfaphukefaomfvnf; OD;xGef;az ray:vmojzifh rD;&xm;vnf;
a&TOa'gif;
xGufawmhrnf tvHjyonfwGif uRefawmfonf OD;xGef;az rvmawmhNyD[k wGJay:okdU wufawmhrnfjyKonfESifh

wpfNydKifeuf armifpH&Sm;u ycHk;udk qGJxm;vkdufav\/ xkdcPü uRefawmfonf blwm½HkwHcg;okdY vSrf;íMunfhvkduf&m
OD;xGef;azonf wHcg;aygufrS ysm,D;ysm,m ajy;xGufvmNyD;aemuf vIyf&Sm;pjyKaeaom rD;&xm;ay:okdY ckefwuf
vkdufygoGm;onfudk awGUjrifvkduf&av\/
&S m;/ /]udkif; usKyfajymwm b,fhES,f&Sdp? cifAsm;u awmfao;w,fqkd? trSwfwrJh vkdufoGm;Mu&if uGdceJ rdaer,f
r[kwfvm;As}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfygayw,fAsm? uRefawmfu 'Davmufawmif rpGefYaybl; rSwfrdayw,f}
&S m;/ /]'Davmuf rubl; q&m? usKyfudk aqmfzkdYqkd&if 'Dxufruawmif olu pGefYao;w,f}
uRefawmf/ /]udkif; 'gjzifh uRefawmfwkdY b,fhES,fvkyfrvJ? &efukefudk jyefMurvm;}
&S m;/ /]&efukefrSm ol r&Sdayr,fh olUwynfhawG &Sdw,fAsm}
uRefawmf/ /]'gjzifh b,fhES,fvkyfrvJ}
&S m;/ /]'DuaeUn yJcl;rSm tdyfNyD; eufjzefcgusrS 'DvufrSwfESifh qufvkduf½Hkaygh}
aemufwpfaeUü uRefawmfwkdUonf pmykdYjzifh r[kwfbJ vlpD;&xm;jzifh ompnfokdUvkdufoGm;Muí ¤if;rS wpfzef

awmifBuD;okdUoGm;aom rD;&xm;ESifh vkdufoGm;NyD;vQif blwmü qif;Muav\/ xkdblwmrS wpfzef c&D;ESpfrkdifcefU
ajcvsifavQmufMuaomtcg &Srf;&Gmuav;wpf&GmokdU qkdufa&mufMuav\/ ¤if;&Gmol&Gmom;wkdUrSm tmvl;? yJ ponfh
toD;tESHwkdUudk pkdufysdK;jcif;jzifh toufarG;jrLMuaom &Srf;vlrsdK;rsm;jzpfMuav&m tvGefw&m wdwfqdwfat;csrf;
om,mpGm &Sdonfjzpfí um;oH? "mwf&xm;oH? vloH ponfwkdUjzifh wnHnHaecJh&aom uRefawmfwkdUESpfa,mufvHk;rSm
tvGefw&m pdwfcsrf;omjcif; &SdMuav\/ oHk;&ufaphukefaomfvnf; armifpH&Sm;onf &efukefokdU jyefvkdaom
qE´r&Sdao;onf wpfaMumif;? OD;xGef;azwkdUudpörSm armifpH&Sm;udk,fwkdif rjyefapumrl NyD;pD;atmif pDrHcJhNyD;jzpfonf
wpfaMumif;aMumifh we*FaEGwpfywfrQ qufvufaexkdifMu&ef pDrHMuav\/
ig;&ufajrmufaom naewGif uRefawmfESihf armifpH&Sm;wkdUonf tanmif;ajyvrf;avQmuf&ef &Srf;&Gmuav;rS
xGufvmMuí awmifurf;yg;,HwpfavQmuf azmufvkyfíxm;aom vrf;rSvkdufí ESpfrkdifc&D;avmuf a&mufMu
aomtcg wpfckaom awmifpGef;okdU qkdufa&mufMuav\/ xkdawmifpGef;rS arQmfíMunfhvkdufaomtcg acsmufBuD;
wpfckudk ausmfvGefí tjcm;bufawmifurf;yg;,Hü qlnHpGmpD;qif;vsuf&Sdaom a&wHcGefwpfckudk awGUjrif&onf
jzpf&m uRefawmfESifharmifpH&Sm;wkdUonf ausmufwHk;BuD;wpfckay:wGif xkdifvsuf tarmtyef;ajz&if; woGifoGif
pD;qif;vsuf &Sdaom a&wHcGefudk naecif;aerif;\ ta&mifwGif ai;arQmfum MunfhaeMuav\/
wpfcPrQMumaomtcg &Srf;vlrsdK; oli,fwpfa,mufonf jrif;wpfpD;ESifh uRefawmfwkdY&Sd&mokdU pkdif;vmí
rusef;rrm&Sdaeaom rdcifudk ukoyg&ef uRefawmftm; awmif;yefac:iifav\/ xkdoli,frSm uRefawmfwkdU
aexkdif&m&GmrS oli,fwpfa,mufjzpfav&m aq;0g;ukojcif;twwfü uRefawmfem;vnfonfh taMumif;udk od&Sd
ojzifh apvTwfac:iifjcif;jzpfavonf/ uRefawmfrSm {nfhonfwpfa,mufjzpfojzifh ¤if;&Gmom; wpfOD;wpfa,muf
tm; ulnD&ef tcGifhta&;ay:aygufvmonfudk 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpfvsuf csufcsif;yifvkdufygrnfjyK&m xkdoli,fu
¤if;\rdcif toufrrDrnfudk pkd;&drfojzifh uRefawmftm; jrif;ESifhoGm;&ef ¤if;\jrif;udk ay;aomaMumifh uRefawmf
onf xkdoli,fESifh armifpH&Sm;udk aemufrSvkdufvm&ef xm;cJhí wpfa,mufwnf; jrif;ESihfpkdif;vmav\/
wnf;tdrfokdU a&mufaomtcg uRefawmfu tdrf&Sif&Srf;BuD;tm; rusef;rmaom rdef;r\tdrfudk ar;&m &Srf;BuD;rSm
tHhtm;oihfvsuf xkd&Gmü rusef;rmaom rdef;r[lí wpfa,mufrQr&SdaMumif;ESifh jyefajymav\/ xkdtcg uRefawmf
onf taMumif;rJhoufouf wpfywf½dkufí vSnfhzsm;ac:iifjcif;jzpfavrnfavm[k awG;awmrdonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf
wpfpHkwpfckudk awG;rdonfESihf xdwfvefYwkefvIyfjcif;jzpfvsuf uRefawmfwkdU r&SdckdufwGif þ&GmokdY rnfolrsm;

vma&mufavoenf;[k tdrf&Sif&Srf;BuD;tm; ar;jref;rdav\/ &Srf;BuD;u uRefawmfwkdU xGufoGm;NyD;aemuf 10
rdepfcefY MumaomtcgwGif t&yfjrifhjrifhESifh jrefrmvlrsdK;wpfa,muf a&mufvmí uRefawmfwkdU taMumif;udk
ar;jref;pHkprf;aMumif;ESifh ajymonfESihfwpfNydKifeuf uRefawmfonf ¤if;\ pum;qHk;atmif rapmihfbJ armifpH&Sm;tm;
xm;cJh&m jzpfaom awmifpGef;okdU csufcsif;yif jrif;ESifhvSnfhí pdkif;oGm;av\/
xkduJhokdU jyefoGm;pOf uRefawmfrSm vrf;c&D;ü tvGefw&m pdwfav;vS\/ wpfckaomauGUukd ausmfvGefrdí
awmifpGef;udk jrif&onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf armifpH&Sm;udk rjrif&aomtcgüum; uRefawmfrSm xifonfhtwkdif;
[kwfacsNyD[k atmufarhvsuf jrif;uqkefcsum pkdif;oGm;av\/ awmifpGef;okdUa&mufí armifpH&Sm;udkvnf; rjrif?
&Srf;uav;udkvnf; rjrif&aomtcg uRefawmfonf armifpH&Sm;\trnfudk [pfatmfí ac:vkduf&m
uRefawmf\toHrSm idkoHygvsuf &Sdav\/ okdUygaomfvnf; uRefawmfac:onfudk xl;oHum; rMum;/
uRefawmf\toHomvQif awmifpGef;wpfbufrS yJhwif½dkufí ]udkpH&Sm;a&U} [k ajymifavSmifovkd jyefvmav\/
¤if;aemuf uRefawmfonf jrif;ay:rSqif;í awmifajrmufav;yg;udk arQmfMunfhvkduf&mwGif ,cifu
armifpH&Sm;ESifhtwl xkdifaecJhaom ausmufwHk;BuD;ay:wGif armifpH&Sm;\ aq;tdwfESifh zdxm;aom pmwpf&Gufudk
awGUjrif&av\/ uRefawmfonf &ifbwfü cGufESpfq,fcefUrQaom tav;csdefjzifh zdxm;ouJhodkY av;vHvSaom
pdwfjzifh pm&Gufudk aumuf,ljzefUMunfh&m armifpH&Sm;\vufa&;jzihf atmufygpmudk awGU&Sd&av\/
pma&;cJ hygonf rd wfa qGu dk odef;armif / OD ;xGef;az\ cG if h jyKcsuft & aemufq Hk ;jyóemudk ol ES ifh r&S if ;vif ;rD
þpmudk a&;om;cJh &ygonf / OD;xG ef ;azu yJ cl;bl wmwG if uRef awmfwk dUESifh vG JoG m;NyD;aemuf uRef awmf wkd U
ajc&maumuf,lyHkudk ajymíjy&m uRef awmfESifh pifppfÓPf wlaom vlwpfa,mufjzpf aMumif; xyfrH
xif&Sm;jyefavonf/ cifAsm;ES ifh wuG uRefawmfhtm;cspfcif ol rdwfaqGtaygif;wkdUu uRef awmfht wGuf
0rf; enf; Murnfjzpf aomf v nf; vltrsm;wkd Uudk qif; &J'ku© a &mufa tmif BuH aqmif vsuf &S daom þvlBuD ;
wpfa,muf vlUjynfrS avsmhoGm;onfhtwGuf uRef awmf 0rf;ajrmufyg\/ OD;xGef;azrSm w&m;olBuD;u
pD &ifcsuf cs&ef rvk da wmhNyD/ ¤if; \wynfh rsm;udk om xif&Sm;atmif avQmufvJzkdUES ifh pyfvsOf;onfh
pm&Gu frsm;rSm uRef awmf \pma&;pm;yG J atmufq Hk;tH qG Jü &S d &pf ygonf/ ¤if ;wk dUudk tif pydw fawmf
udktkef;az\ vufokdU tyfvkdufygav/ uRefa wmf oGm;OD;awmh rnf rdw faqGud ko def;armif /
pH &S m;
uRefawmfonf armifpH&Sm;\ tavmif;udkvnf;aumif;? OD;xGef;az\ tavmif;udkvnf;aumif; rawGU&aomfvnf;

xkdolESpfa,mufwkdUonf wpfOD;\vnfyif;udk wpfOD;zufvsuf tqkd;qHk;aomvlrkdufBuD;ESifh tausmfaZmqHk;aom
pHkaxmufBuD;onf xkdawmifpGef;\ atmufcsyfMum;xJü twlwuGvdrfhus aoqHk;Muonfh taMumif;rSmum;
,HkrSm;zG,f&mr&Sd jzpfayownf;/
NyD;ygNyD/
______
a&TOa'gif;
32/ pHkaxmufa rmifpH& Sm;tm; vkyfBuHMuyHk

uRefawmf armifodef;armifonf pHkaxmufBuD;OD;pH&Sm; aoqHk;onfh taMumif;udk 1932 ckESpf? atmufwkdbmvxkwf
u0dwHcGef r*¾Zif;wGif a&;om;azmfjycJhNyD;aemuf ¤if;\xl;uJaom ynmBuD; rwdrfjrKyfryaysmufap&efu wpfaMumif;?
pHkaxmuf0w¬Krsm; zwf½Iol rdwfaqGrsm;u pmESifhjzpfap vludk,fwkdifvma&mufíjzpfap awmif;qkdwkdufwGef;Muonfu
wpfaMumif;aMumifh OD;pH&Sm;\ enf;pepfrsm;udk twkckd;enf;,lí uRefawmfudk,fwkdif pHkaxmufcJhaom trIrsm;udk
ol&d,½kyfpHkr*¾Zif;rsm;ü qufvufa&;om; xnfhoGif;cJhzl;av\/ okdU&mwGif uRefawmf\ pHkaxmufyHkenf;pepfrsm;rSm
OD;pH&Sm;xHrS twkckd;enf;,lxm;onf qkdapumrl bk&m;avmif;jcaoFhrif;\ tjyKtrludk tm;usNyD; awmowå0grsm;udk
a[mufowfpm;aomuf&mrS qifajymifBuD;udk zrf;qD;&efBudK;yrf;zl;aom a'0'wfavmif;ajracG;uJhokdU &Sdav&um;
qifajymifBuD;\ eif;jcif;udk cH&aom ajracG;yrm uRefawmfudk,fwkdif &efolrsm;\ vufcsufjzifh toufraorD
xkdtBuHtpnfudk vufavQmhvkduf&ay\/
okdUjzpfí rnfonfhtrIudkrQ pHkaxmufjcif;rjyKawmhbJ vkyf½kd;vkyfpOfjzpfaom toufarG;0rf;aMumif; tvkyfjzifh
vkyfudkifpm;aomufcJh&m tm;vyfcGifhr,lonfrSm twefMumcJhNyDjzpfí tcGifhoHk;vrQ cH,lNyD;vQif Zmwdjzpfaom
tnmNrdKUaus;&GmokdU jyefvnfoGm;a&mufcJhygonf/ xkdrSwpfzef tBuH&jyefonfESifh ppfudkif;awmif½kd;&Sd yJpm;acsmif
okdUr[kwf uóyacsmif [k ESpfrnfwGifonfh vlaumif;? &[ef;aumif;rsm; oDwif;oHk;&mXmeodkU oGm;a&mufNyD;vQif
Oykof&uf&Snfapmifhvsuf ur®Xmef; bm0em ponfh avmukwå&ma&;&mü txHk0goemygonfhtwkdif;
jznfhusifhqnf;yl;cJhygonf/
¤if;yJpm;acsmifü q,f&ufcefUrQ aexkdifrdavvQif uRefawmfonf tjcm;aom Oygoum wpfa,mufESifh
tewåvu©PmokwftaMumif;udk ESD;aESmav&m xkdolu vu©Pma&;oHk;yg;wkdUteufwGif tewåvu©Pmonf
txl;ojzifh t"dyÜm,fay:vGifí txl;ojzifhvnf; t"dyÜm,feufeJaMumif;? rdrdonfvnf; Ak'¨w&m;awmfu
tqDtESpfjzpfaom xkdtewåvu©PmtaMumif;udk ukd,fwkdifvnf; qifjcifpD;jzef;í olwpfyg;ESifhvnf;
aqG;aEG;zl;aMumif;? rdrdESD;aESmzl;orQaom oltaygif;wkdUwGif rMumao;rDu awGUqHkESD;aESm&aom &aohBuD;wpfyg;rSm
tewå\ oabmteufudk txda&mufteufeJqHk;? tpl;&SqHk; a[majymay;aMumif;ESifh ajymjyav\/
xkdtcg uRefawmfrSm avmukwå&mESifhqkdif&m w&m;taygif;wkdUwGif tewåvu©Pmwnf;[laom w&m;udk
tESpfNcdKufqHk;jzpfav&um; xkd&aohBuD;\w&m;udk Mum;emvkdygaMumif;ESifh xkdOygoumtm; jyefMum;ajymqkdav\/
xkdtcg ¤if;u xkd&aohBuD;rSm t&d,mr*¾ifacsmifESifh *E¨rm"eacsmifwkdU\ tMum;&Sd*lBuD;wpf*lü oDwif;oHk;aMumif;?
vlolrsm;ESifh tawGUrcHvkd? r*fzkdvf\ tajcjzpfaom 0dyóemw&m;udkomvQif BudK;pm;íyGm;rsm;aMumif;? okdUaomf
reufjzefrSm oDwif;aeUjzpfojzifh Oygoumrsm;ESifh awGUqHkaqG;aEG;cGifhjyKwwfaMumif;ESifh jyefajymav\/
okdUjzpfí aemufwpfaeU naecif;tcsdefwGif uRefawmfonf tqkdyg OygoumESihf &aoh\*lodkU oGm;a&mufMuav&m
uRefawmfwkdU a&mufoGm;aomtcsdefü &aohBuD;rSm *lwGif;ü&Sdaeojzifh uRefawmfwkdUonf *l0ü&Sdaom uGyfjypfay:ü
xkdifum tm*EÅKrsm;a&mufaeaMumif; odap&ef acsmif;w[efU[efUESifh &SdaeMuav\/
ig;rdepfcefUMum&Sdaomtcg *lwGif;rS ajcoHMum;&NyD;aemuf a'gufcsmudkaqmif;vsuf vufüpdyfykwD;udkudkifum
xGufvmaom&aohBuD;udk uRefawmfjrif&aomtcg yg;pyfudk[vsuf rsufawmifrcwfbJ aMumifawmifBuD;
pkdufai;um Munfhaerdav\/ taMumif;aomfum; xkd&aohonf tjcm;r[kwf? uRefawmf\ rdwfaqGBuD; OD;pH&Sm;yif
jzpfayaomaMumifhwnf;/
&aohBuD; okdUr[kwf OD;pH&Sm;rSmrl uRefawmfhudk jrifvkdufonfh wpfcPü rsufcHk;onf tay:okdU wpfvufr\
av;yHkwpfyHkcefUrQ wufoGm;onfrSwpfyg; tHhMojcif;? 0rf;ajrmufjcif;? wkefvIyfjcif;wnf; [laom trlt&m
wpfpHkwpfckrQ rawGU&acs/ tHhMoorQonf 0rf;wGif;üom &Sdaeí tjyifürlum; rxif&Sm;ay/ xkdUaMumifhvnf;
OD;pH&Sm;[lí emrnfBuD;jcif;jzpfygayonf/
uRefawmfrSmrl OD;pH&Sm;tm; jrifvkdufonfhcPü [kwfEkdifygrnfavm[k ,HkrSm;jcif;jzpfoGm;aomfvnf; rodrom

wufoGm;aom rsufcHk;udk jrifvkduf&onfhtcgrS pdwfcs ESvHk;cs OD;pH&Sm;tppfayyifwnf;[k od&Sd&av\/ uRefawmf\
tazmfrSmrl uRefawmfwdkU ESpfa,muf\ trlt&mudk tuJrcwfrdonfjzpfaomaMumifh uRefawmf\ trnfae&yfwkdUudk
&aohBuD;tm;avQmufxm;NyD;aemuf tewåvu©Pm\ oabmteufudk rdeUf >ruf a[mMum;awmf
rlygrnfhtaMumif;ESihf awmif;yefav\/
xkdtcg OD;pH&Sm;onf tvGefUtvGefodrfarGUvSaom NyHK;jcif;jzifh NyHK;NyD;aemuf tedpö? 'ku©? tewå wnf;[laom
vu©Pma&;oHk;yg;wkdY\tBuHK;0ifyHk? t"dyÜm,fxyfwlxyfrQjzpfyHk? okdUaomf tewå [laompum;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;\
vkd&if;t"dyÜm,fudk wkduf½kdufazmfjy&ma&mufyHk ponfwdkYudk oGufvufpGm a[majymav&m uRefawmfrSmrl rnfonfh
w&m;udkrQ pOf;pm;Mum;em;jcif;iSm rpGrf;EkdifbJ OD;pH&Sm;onf ya&mfzufqm OD;xGef;azESifhtwl acsmufurf;yg;rS
usoGm;ojzifh aoqHk;&mrS rnfuJhokdY wpfzef jyefí &SifvmonfhtaMumif;omvQif awG;awmum &Sdaeav\/
w&m;aqG;aEG;NyD;onf\ tqHk;ü uRefawmf\tazmf Oygoumonf acsmifokdYjyefawmhtHh[k xkdif&mrSxav&m
uRefawmfurl &aohBuD;ESifh ESD;aESm&efusefao;ojzifh ae&pfzkdY cGifhjyKrnfhtaMumif;ESifh uRefawmf\tazmftm;
ajymonfwGif ¤if;u ]&aohBuD;w&m;udk emrd&if pGJygvdrfhr,fvkdU usKyfrajymbl;vm;} [k NyHK;&,fum ajymNyD;aemuf
jyefoGm;av\/
xkdoljyefoGm;í rsufajcjywfavmufaom ae&mokdU a&mufavvQif OD;pH&Sm;onf xkdif&mrSxí ]udkif; usKyfwkdU
ajymp&m&SdwJhpum;udk *lxJrSm ajymMu&atmif} [k ajymvsuf *lwGif;okdU 0ifoGm;av&m uRefawmfvnf; aemufrS
vkdufygoGm;av\/
uRefawmf/ /]wynfhawmfjzifh tHhMovkdU rqHk;Ekdifbl;bk&m;? wpfcgjzifh rdwfaqGBuD;rsufESmudk rjrif&awmhbl;vkdU
atmufarhNyD; ...}
&S m;/ /]usKyftaMumif;udk udkodef;armif aemufqHk;a&;vkdufwJh 0w¬Kudk u0dwHcGefr*¾Zif;rSm jrifvkdufygw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]'gESifhrsm; NrHKyJ NrHKNyD;aeEkdifvGef;vSw,f? wu,fqkdawmh ..}
&S m;/ /]ukd,fh0rf;em udk,fomod qkdwJh pum; &Sdw,fr[kwfvm; udkodef;armif? rdwfaqGrsm;
0rf;enf;Muw,fqkdwmawmh odyg&JU? okdUaomf usKyfukd wu,faoNyDvkdU rSwfxifaeMuvQif usKyfrSm
tusdK;&SdwJhtcsufawGu &Sdw,fAs}
uRefawmf/ /]'DtcsufawG tomxm;NyD; acsmufxJu b,fyHkb,fenf;ESifh wufvmEkdifw,fqkdwJh taMumif;
Mum;yg&apOD;bk&m;}
&S m;/ /]acsmufxJusw,fqkdwmu cifAsm;awG;xifcsuft&udk; udkodef;armif&JU? usKyfu wu,fuswmrS r[kwfbJ?
aeOD; usKyfajymjyr,f? 'DvkdAs? cifAsm;qDudk aemufqHk;pmwpfapmif a&;xm;cJhzkdU OD;xGef;azqDu cGifhawmif;NyD;
[kdpmudka&;? a&;onfhtcgrSm OD;xGef;azu aq;jyif;vdyfBuD;cJNyD; tem;uapmifhaew,f? pma&;NyD;awmh ausmufcJESifh
zdxm;cJhNyD; usKyfu a&SUu OD;xGef;azu aemufu vrf;avQmufoGm;MuvkdY acsmuftpGef;udk a&mufua&mAs? a&mufwJh
tcgrSm OD;xGef;aztBuHu cifAsm;odwJhtwkdif; vlUjynfrSm olaecGifhr&SdwJhwlwl olwpfa,mufwnf;awmh roGm;bl;?
usKyfyg ac:oGm;r,fqkdwJh tBuHudk;As? usKyfuvJyJ [kdtcgwkef;uawmh olac:&mudkvkduf&vdrfhr,fvkdU xifrdaywmyJ?
'gaMumifhvJ usKyftoifh jyifqifNyD;xm;jcif;jzpfw,f? 'gESifh usKyfu a&SUu oluaemufu avQmufoGm;MuvkdY
acsmufpGef; a&mufawmh usKyfu &yfwJhNyD; olUbufudk ½kwfw&ufvSnfhvkdufw,f? 'DtcgrSm olu aq;jyif;vdyfwkdudk
ypfxnfhNyD; usKyfudk vufESpfzufESifh odrf;zufvkdufNyD; ajy;wGef;wGef;vkdufwmudk;As ...
... okdYaomf usKyfu cifAsm;odwJhtwkdif; okdif;twwf oifzl;olwpfa,muf jzpfavawmh olu zufr,fvkdY &G,fvkduf
wJh vuftwGif;u NAHK;qkd vQdKxGufNyD; a&Smifvkdufyga&mAs? oluawmh 'Dvkda&Smifvdrfhr,fvkdY rxifwJhtwGuf wtm;
ajy;0ifNyD; zufvkduf&mrSm usKyfudk rzufrd? avudkom zufrdNyD; acsmufurf;yg;pGef;rSm wwGefUwGefU wvdrfvdrfESifh
a&TOa'gif;
rus& avatmif tm;,lNyD;wefUaevkdufwm wpfpuúefUtcsdef[m usKyfpdwfxJrSm aoawmifrarhbl;? pGJvsufom; yg

vdrhfr,fxifw,f? OD;xGef;az pdwfxJrSmawmh 'DwpfpuúefU[m tESpfwpf&mvJru tESpfwpfaxmifvJru Mumvdrfh
r,f xifw,f? aemufqHk;usawmh OD;xGef;az[m avudkvufudkifjyKNyD; wwfEkdiforQ wGefYvdrf½kef;uefaomfvnf; rlv
u ajy;0ifvkdufaomt&Sdefudk rowfEkdifbJ usKyfbufudk½kwfw&uf rsufESmvSnfhNyD; yufvefyufvefESifh *Rrf;ypfNyD;
usoGm;ygava&mAsm? usKyf[m aoG;enf;wJh vlwpfa,mufr[kwfbl;qkdwm cifAsm;odom;yJ? okdYaomfvJ aemufqHk;
acsmufurf;yg;rSm usKyfjrifvkduf&wJh OD;xGef;az rsufESm[m ,ckxufxd wpf&ufjcm; ESpf&ufjcm; qkdovdk
tdrfrufxJrSm jrifruf&wkef; &Sdygao;&JUAsm}
uRefawmf/ /]wynfhawmf vkdufvmawmh t&Sifbk&m;udk rawGUygbJuvm; bk&m;}
&S m;/ /]aeOD;? usKyfajymjyr,f? 'gxuf OD;xGef;az[m acsmufurf;yg;rSm rwufEkdifbJ yufvufvefusoGm;awmh
usKyfu acsmufpGef;udk ajy;NyD; Munfhvkdufw,f? cjrmrSm csmvywf vnfwJhvnfwJhNyD; ausmufpGef;awGESifh wpfcsuf
ESpfcsuf½dkufNyD; usoGm;vkdufwm atmufqHk;uacsmif;xJ 0kef;ueJjrnfxJhNyD; usoGm;ygava&mAsm? 'Dvkd Munfhaeonfh
twGif;rSm usKyfu b,fhES,fpOf;pm;ovJ qkdawmh a&;xm;cJhwJhpmtwkdif; qkd&ifjzihf ESpfa,mufpvHk;aoMuNyDvkdU
tm;vHk;u xifMurSmyJ? xifMuvQif igh&efolawG[mu wpfcgjzifh igwkdUat;NyD? xifovkdvkyfvkdY&NyD txifESifh
0rf;ajrmufMuvdrfhr,f? ightoufudkvJ &ef&SmzkdY BuHpnfMuawmhr,fr[kwfbl;? 'Dawmh aoNyDvkdYxifMuwJhtwkdif;yJ
aeayap? igvJyJ ,ckb0ta&;xuf oHo&ma&;twGuf ukokdvfw&m;rsm; qnf;yl;OD;r,fvkdU pOf;pm;rdw,f? pdwf[m
b,favmufrsm;vsifjrefovJqkdawmh OD;xGef;azavxJrSm csmvywf csmvywfESifh 0JceJ 0JceJ usoGm;wmMunfh&if;
'Dpdwful;jzpfay:vmNyD; OD;xGef;az atmufudk ra&mufrDtwGif;rSm ckeifu twkdif; qHk;jzwfcsufcsvkdufw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]wu,fqkdawmh wynfhawmf wpfa,mufavmufawmh zGifhajymcJhzkdYaumif;yg&JUAsm}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm;udk usKyfr,HkMunfEkdifbl;? okdYaomf r,HkMunfyHku 'Dvkdyg? cifAsm;uawmh usKyfuvdrfNyD;a&;ygqkdvQif
a&;rSmrSefyg&JU? okdUaomf cifAsm;udk,fwkdifu usKyfaoNyDvkdU xifrSwfNyD; a&;wmavmuf ,kwåd&Sdavmufatmif
olwpfyg;vJ ,HkMunfEdkifavmufatmif a&;Edkifr,fr[kwfbl;? 'Dawmhum cktawmtwGif;rSmjzifh cifAsm;udkyg
r&Sif;vif;ao;bJ aoNyDvkdUxifrSwfaewJhtwkdif; xifrSwfaeapzkdY usKyfxm;cJhjcif;jzpfw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]aumif;ygaybk&m;? wynfhawmfrSmjzifh aeUpOftrQ atmufarhvkduf&wm rajymygESifhawmh? aeygOD;bk&m;?
'gxuf wynfhawmfvmawmh b,fae&mu ykef;aeovJ}
&S m;/ /]OD;xGef;az usoGm;wJhae&mrSm wpfzufu acsmufBuD;? wpfzufu awmifBuD; &Sdw,fr[kwfvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]rSefyg}
&S m;/ /]awmifuawmh awmfawmfwJh awmifyJ EkdYayr,fh usKyftpGrf;udkvJ cifAsm;odw,f? 'DhjyifvlqkdvQif wufzkdY&ef
pdwful;rQ rxnfh0HhwJh awmifudk ausmufpGef;ausmufpuav;rsm; ajcESifhwG,fNyD; wufvkdufwm 15 ayavmufvJ
wufrda&m oHk;aycefU&SdwJh ausmufpGef;wpfpGef;udk usKyfa&mufyga&mAsm? a&mufvkdY armarmESifh ausmufpGef;rSm tvsm;
arSmufNyD; t&dyftjcnfMunfhaewkef; vm; vm; cifAsm;a&mufvmyga&mAsm;? cifAsm;u awmifMunfh ajrmufMunfhESifh
usKyfudk rjrifavawmh {uEÅ ao&SmNyDrSwfNyD; rsufESmi,fi,fuav;ESifh jyefoGm;wm usKyfjrifvkdufygw,f
udkodef;armif &JU}
uRefawmf/ /]rsufESmi,f½Hk bmurvJ? wynfhawmf atmf[pfNyD;awmif ac:ao;wmyJ}
&S m;/ /]'gvJ usKyf Mum;ygw,f? 'gESifh cifAsm;jyefoGm;vkdU usKyfvJyJ ausmufpGef;ay:u qif;r,fvkdU xkdifvJ
xkdifvkdufua&m ausmufwHk;BuD;wpfvHk; usKyftxufu awmifay:u vdrfhusvmvdkufwm usKyfrSm a&SmifvJ
ra&Smifom? wnfhwnfhrsm;usvQifawmh OD;xGef;azaemuf usKyfvkduf&NyD;om;ayghAsm? ausmufvHk;[mu wpfaxmuf
ESpfaxmuf oHk;axmufaxmufNyD; 'vdefY'vdefYESifh usvmvkdufwm usKyftem;u ausmufpGef;rSm usKyfESifh
ajcmufvufravmuf vGwf½Hkuav; 0ifaxmufNyD; acsmufxJusoGm;ygava&mAsm;}
uRefawmf/ /]rawmfwqjzpfwmvm; bk&m;}

&S m;/ /]bm[kwfvdrfhrvJAsm? usKyfu awmifay:vSrf;Munfhvkdufawmh [kdta0;u awmifxdyfay:rSm rsufESm uav;
wpfck uGufuGufuav; jrifvkduf&wmudk;As? jrifjrifcsif;yJ 'Dtaumifu OD;xGef;az wynfhyJ? awmf&mu apmifhMunfh
aeNyD; usKyfum; rao? olUq&momaoaMumif; awGUjrifavawmh ausmufvHk;ESifhwrif vSdrfhcswmyJ qkdwm usKyf od&
wmayghAs? 'Dawmh usKyfvJ ysm,D;ysm,mESihf ausmufpGef;uqif;r,fvkdUvkyfwkef; aemuf ausmufwpfvHk; usvm
vdkufwmu usKyfESifhudk wnfhwnfhBuD;yJAsm? ausmufBuD;u 'vdefU'vdefUESifhusvmvkdU usKyftxufem;u ausmufpGef;
udk 0ifaxmufNyD; vTm;ceJusKyfqD ckefvmvkdufwm usKyfacgif;ay:u wpfvufr avmufuav; 0ifNyD; ausmfoGm;
vkdufvkdU 0DceJjrnfoGm;wJhtoHudk usKyfem;ESifh qwfqwfMum;vkdufygoAsm}
uRefawmf/ /]uHaumif;vkdYAsm? tJav bk&m;}
&S m;/ /(NyHK;vsuf) ]awmfawmfMumvQif xl;&r,f rxifbl;}
uRefawmf/ /]'gjzifh 0rf;ajrmufw,fbk&m;? 0atmif xl;vkdufyg&ap? awmfawmfMumvQif vlxGufzkdU ... }
&S m;/ /]okdUaomf trSefrajymEkdifao;bl;? vlxGufoifh roifh 'DuaeUtjzpftysufudk MunfYNyD; qHk;jzwf&r,f? 'gaMumifh
cifAsm;udk usKyf'DuaeU t&rf;wrf;wrdw,fvkdY usKyfckeifu ajymrdw,fr[kwfvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]ckeifu taMumif; qufygOD;bk&m;}
&S m;/ /]'kwd,ausmufvHk; vdrfhusNyD;onfESifhwpfNydKifeuf ausmufwHk;wG,fNyD;vrf;&Sd&mokdY qif;tvmrSm vrf;wpf0uf
a&mufawmh uwkdufu½kdufvJqif;&jyef? arSmifuvJ arSmifvkqJqJjzpfjyefavawmh ajcacsmfNyD;usvkdufwm vrf;ay:rSm
yHkvsufuav;usoGm;yga&mudk;Asm;? odkUaomfvJ 10 ayavmuf tjrifhu uswmrkdY yGef;yJh½Hkavmuftjyif w,fBuD;
raxmif;wmvSao;bl;? vJ&mu zkwfzufcgxNyD; awmifay:u taumifESifhvJ vGJavatmif cifAsm;ESifhvJ vGJav
atmif ESpf&ufoHk;&ufavmuf awmykef;vkyfNyD; aecJh&wmudk;As? cifAsm;a&m ckeifu&efola&m jyefoGm;MuNyD qkdawmhrS
usKyfvJyJ awmifay:u qif;vmNyD; rD;&xm;pD;? ompnfa&muf? jrif;NcHvkduf? ul;wkdUESifhwpfzef ppfudkif;vkduf?
orÁmefESifh 'Dacsmifvm? vmNyD; 'Dt0wfvJaecJhwmudk; udkodef;armif&JU}
uRefawmf/ /]vlxGufzkdUtaMumif; ajymawmhbk&m;}
&S m;/ /]'Dt0wf 0wfpOfuawmh tprf;oabmyJ? tu,fí aysmfykdufEdkifvkdY&SdvQif &mZ0wfaumifaom &mZ0wfrIaom
*½krpdkufawmhbJ yOöif;cHzkdU usKyftBuH&SdcJhw,f? okdUaomf tckwavmrSm usKyf&efolrsm;u usKyfudk at;at;aq;aq;
aewm rMunfhEkdifwJh vu©PmESifhvmNyD; &efpMu[ef &Sdjyefw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]w,fNyD; apmfum;w,f bk&m; ...}
&S m;/ /]'DuaeYreuf usKyf qGrf;cHoGm;vkdU ppfukdif;NrdKUxJu tjyefrSm OrSifoHk;q,ftvGef awmifMum;vrf;a&mufawmh
awmifay:u ausmufwpfvHk; usvmjyefw,f? NAHK;qkd txufarmhMunfhvkdufawmh [kdwHk;u OD;xGef;azaoqHk;wJh
acsmufurf;yg;rSm usKyfudk ausmufESifh vSdrfhowfzkdU BuHpnfwJh taumifrsufESmudk usKyfjrifvkduf&jyefw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]w,frkdufwJh vlpkbk&m;? at;at;aevkdU at;at; rae&bl;}
&S m;/ /]'gaMumifh ajymw,fr[kwfvm;? ukdif; okdUaomf vlxGufoifh rxGufoifhtaMumif; 'DuaeYn qHk;jzwfEkdifzkdY
tajzay:vmvdrfhr,fxifw,f? usKyfu at;at;aeygvsufESifh wrifvkdufNyD; aESmifh,Sufr,fqkdvQif usKyf onf;rcH
Edkifao;bl; &Sdvdrhfr,f? rcHcsifwwfwJh pdwfu wpfaMumif;? wwfwJhynm raeom qkdwJhpum;u wpfaMumif;?
'DESpfaMumif;udk tpGJjyKNyD; usKyf vlxGuf&jyefOD;awmhr,f xifw,f? udkif; okdYaomf udkodef;armif jyefayOD;awmh?
'DuaeUn udk;em&DavmufrSm t0wfwpfpHk&,f aq;wHESifh aq;wpfbl;&,f ,lcJhAsm? usKyf 'Duapmihfaer,f}
[k ajymqkdrSmxm;vkdufonfwGif uRefawmfrSm 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omESifhyif yJpm;acsmifodkY jyefvmcJhav\/
a&TOa'gif;
xkdn 8 em&DcGJonfESifhwpfNydKifeuf uRefawmfonf OD;pH&Sm;twGuf t0wfwpfpHkESifh aq;wH aq;bl;rsm;yg

,líxGufvmcJh&m *lESifhudkufoHk;&mcefY a0;aomt&yfwGif OD;pH&Sm;ESifhawGUav\/ xkdtcg uRefawmfu
t0wftpm;rsm;ESifhwuG aq;wHaq;bl;rsm;udk OD;pH&Sm;tm; ay;onfwGif ¤if;u
]aeOD;av? usKyf naeu ajymwJhpum;twkdif;yJ ? xGufoihfvQifvJ xGufzkdU rxGufoihfvQifvJ aeao;zkdY

awmfawmfMumrS qHk;jzwfyg&ap}
[k jyefajymav\/ ¤if;aemuf OD;pH&Sm;onf uRefawmftm; *lteD;okdYac:oGm;í *l0ESifh aywpf&mcefYa0;aom
ae&mokdYa&mufMuaomtcg uRefawmfwkdUoGm;aomvrf;rSm vufsmbufrSm awmifurf;yg;,H&Sdí vuf0Jbufü
acsmufBuD;&Sdav&m OD;pH&Sm;onf uRefawmftm; ½kwfw&uf &yfwefUapí vrf;\vufsmbufü&Sdaom
awmifurf;yg;,HokdY ESpfa,mufom; wufMuav\/ vrf;ESifh ajcmufaycefUtuGmwGif rkd;ESHcsHKuav;wpfck &Sd&m
uRefawmfonf xdkcsHK\aemufrS uG,fvsuf *lbufokdU arQmfMunfhum xkdifaeav\/
uRefawmfESifh OD;pH&Sm;wkdUonf ykef;uG,fae&mt&yfrS *lbufokdU arQmfMunfhvkdufaom *l0udk jrifEkdif½HkrQru
*lwGif;okdYyif wnfhwnfhjrifEkdifav&um; xkdktwGif;rS za,mif;wkdifrD;a&mif wvufvuf &Sdaeonfudk
awGUjrif&av\/ uRefawmfrSm OD;pH&Sm;teD;rS xkdifvsuf *lbufokdY arQmfMunfhaepOf *lwGif;&Sd za,mif;wkdifteD;wGif
vlwpfa,muf ikwfwkwfBuD;xkdifaeovkd ½kwfw&ufjrifrdonfxifí rsufpdrsm;udk yGwfNyD;aemuf
aocsmpGmMunfh½Ijyef&mwGif rD;wkdifteD;ü xkdifaeolum; tjcm;r[kwf? OD;pH&Sm;\yHkyifjzpfaMumif; od&Sd&av\/
xkdyHkonf rD;a&mifbufokdU rsufESmrlvsuf *lbufokdY ausmcdkif;um wifjyifacGíxkdifaeonfudk jrif&m
avQmfawouFef; a'gufcsm tp&Sdonfh t0wfwkdYjzifh 0wfqifxm;onfhjyif ukd,faygufudk,fa&muf
t&yftarmif;rSpí vlaevl[efwkdUrSmvnf; OD;pH&Sm;ESifh wpfoa0rwdef;atmif wlnDvSay\/ xkdtcgrS
uRefawmfonf OD;pH&Sm;\tBuHtpnfudk ½kwfw&uf&dyfrdí &,farmumjzifh ...
uRefawmf/ /]bmESifhvkyfxm;ovJ bk&m;}

&S m;/ /]&THUESifhayghAsm? uwkdufu½kduf vkyf&aomfvJ ta0;u Munfhawmhjzihf wlyg&JU xifyg&JU}
uRefawmf/ /]wjcm;vl rajymESihfawmh ? wynfhawmfawmif rSm;avmufygw,fbk&m;}
&S m;/ /]'gjzifh awmfNyD? udkif; okdUaomf acsmifawGrSmawmh awmfawmfuav; vlajcwdwfNyD? vmr,fqkdvQif
vmavmufNyD? wdwfwdwfaeAsm? pum;rajymESifhawmh}
xkdnonfum; vjynfhausmf 8 &ufaeUn jzpfav&m tcsdefrSm 10 em&DausmfcefUrQ &dSonfESifh vrif;vnf;

rxGufao;ojzifh awmif&dyfxlxyfaom xkdt&yfwGif BuD;pGmaom arSmifBuD;usvsuf &Sdav\/ uRefawmfwkdU
xkdifcgpü ta0;&Sd r,foDv&Sifacsmifrsm;rS oDv&Sifrsm; pmjyefonfhtoH? 0wfwufonfhtoH aMu;pnfoHrSpí
&Hzef&Hcg Mum;&ao;onfjzpf&m 10 em&DcGJcefU &Sdaomtcgüum; &yfeD;&yfa0;rusef wdwfqdwfBuD; wdwfqdwfvsuf
&Sdaeav\/
xkdtcg uRefawmfrSm a&S;tcgu OD;pH&Sm;ESifh twlwuG apmihfaecJhzl;aom trIrsm;taMumif;udk owd&í tcsdKUaom
trIrsm;ü tdrfwGif;wGif tavmif;udk xm;vsuf? tdrfjyifrS vQdKU0SufpGm ykef;atmif;apmifhqkdif;&aom trIrsm;udk ajy;í
atmufarhrdav\/
11 em&Dausmfvwfaomf vGefrif;pGm wdwfqdwfvsuf &Sdae&um; uRefawmfwkdUESpfa,muf\ touf&SLoHESifh &ifwGif;rS
&ifckefoHrsm;udkyif w&SL;&SL;? w'def;'def;ESifh Mum;&onfhjyif wHawG;NrdKvkdufvQifyif *GwfceJ jrnfoHudk Mum;Ekdifay\/
11 em&DESifh 15 rdepf&Sdvwfaomf OD;pH&Sm;onf uRefawmftm; ½kwfw&ufvufukwfvkdufojzihf uRefawmfonf

a&S;uxuf em;pkdufíaxmifrd&m ta0;t&yfrS vrf;ay:wGif ausmufcJuav;rsm;udk ajcESifhcwfrdonfh toHrsm;udk
Mum;&av\/ xkdokdUem;pGifhvsuf &SdpOf xkdtoHonf eD;íeD;ívmav&um; vrf;ay:rS vlwpfa,muf
avQmufvmaom ajcoHjzpfaMumif;udk od&av\/
wpfcPrQMumvQif tawmftweft&yfjrihfrm;í rsufESmokwfyk0gudk acgif;NrD;jcHKxm;um avQmufvmaom
vlwpfa,mufudk awGUjrif&av&m xkdolonf vrf;auGUudk ausmfvGefí uRefawmfwkdUykef;aeaom csHKESifhwnfhwnfhokdU
a&mufonfESifhwpfNydKifeuf *lwGif;üxkdifaeaom &aohOD;pH&Sm;\ yHkudkjrif[ef&Sdí ]acG;om;&aoh rtdyfao;bJudk;} [k
wD;wkd;BuHK;0g;vkdufoHudk Mum;&av\/ xkdtcgüum; xkdolonf rdrd awG;xifonfhtwkdif; OD;pH&Sm;rtdyfao;onfh
tjzpfudk awGU&í tBuHwpfrsdK;ajymif;vJonfh t[efESifh qkwfqkdif;vsuf&Sd&m wpfcPrQ MumjyefvQif wpfrsdK;
tBuH&vmonfh vu©PmESifh ajz;ñSif;pGm a&SUokdUqufvuf avQmufoGm;jyefav\/
xkdtcsdeftcgü arSmifrkdufvsufyif &Sdaeao;aomfvnf; xkdolonf rD;a&mifESifh uRefawmfwkdU\tMum;rS avQmufvm
vsuf &SdonfjzpfaomaMumifh xkdol\ tjyKtrltm;vHk;wkdUudk uRefawmfwkdU awGUjrifEkdifay\/ xkdolonf *l0ESifh 25
ay cefUokdU a&mufaomtcg cg;rSwpfpHkwpfckudk EIduf,lí cyfukef;ukef;avQmufoGm;&m *l0okdY a&mufaomtcgü
vufceJaom t&mudk jrifvkduf&ojzifh vufwGif&Sdaomt&mrSm "m;ajr§mifjzpfaMumif; od&Sd&av\/
*l0okdUa&mufavvQif xkdolonf cPuav;rQ&yfwefUNyD;aemuf "m;ajr§mifudk vufsmbufwGif ajr§mufudkifvsuf
*lwGif;okdU ajczsm;axmuf0ifoGm;NyD;vQif rD;a&mifwGif ikwfwkwfxkdifaeaom OD;pH&Sm;\ &THU½kyfyHkudk ausmbufrSaeí
"m;ajr§mifESifhxkd;pkdufvkduf&m &THU½kyfvnf; vJoGm;av\/ xkdtcg ¤if;vlonf rdrd\trSm;udk jrifonfESifh
pufqkyfpGmESifh jyefxGufvmí uRefawmfwkdUykef;ae&mjzpfaom vrf;bufokdU vmav&m uRefawmfu xawmhrnf
jyKaomfvnf; OD;pH&Sm;u vufukwfwm;ojzihf xkdifNrJxkdifae&av\/ xdkolonf ol\tBuHtpnfudk OD;pH&Sm;
&dyfrdaMumif; odumrQESifh taMumufBuD;aMumufvmonfh vu©PmESifh wm;rEkdifqD;r& w[kefxkd; ajy;oGm;av&m
wpfcPcsif;wGif uRefawmfwkdU ykef;atmif;aeaom csHKudk ausmfvGefNyD;aemuf rMumrDtwGif; ajcoHrMum;Ekdifaom
t&yfokdU a&mufoGm;av\/
uRefawmf/ /]b,fhES,faMumifh vTwfvkdufovJbk&m;}

&S m;/ /]'Dt0wfBuD;ESifh raumif;ygbl;Asm? udkif; vl0wfay;ayawmh? usKyf vlxGufr,f? usKyfZmwmudku aumif;&m
aumif;aMumif; tm;xkwfNyD; at;at;aq;aq; aevkdU rjzpfbJ[mudk;As? usKyfu at;at;aq;aq; aejyefvQifvJ
olwkdUu vmNyD;&efpjyefw,f? 'Dvkdqkd&ifawmh wpfzufowfBuD; onf;cHNyD;vJ raeEkdifjyefbl;av? yg;udkufvQifvJ
em;udkuf&vdrfhr,f? ukdif; usKyft0wfvJr,f? ay;prf;}
¤if;aemuf OD;pH&Sm;onf uRefawmf,lcJhaom &SyftusÐrsm;udk vSrf;,lvJ0wfNyD;aemuf aq;wHudk aq;jynfhatmif

xnfhNyD;rS tm;&yg;& ½SL½dIuf&if; ...
&S m;/ /]b,fvkdajymajym? a[m'D aq;wHwpfckawmhjzifh usKyftvGrf;qHk;yJAsm? xrif;rpm;&wm usKyfu 'Davmuf
ta&;rBuD;bl;? aq;wHraomuf&wm odyfNyD;epfemw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]aomufcsifvJ aomuf&om;uyJ bk&m;? tJav Asm? bkef;BuD;rsm;awmif aomufao;wmuyJ}
&S m;/ /]usKyfoabmu rvkyf&ifvJ &Sif;&Sif;? vkyf&ifvJ &Sif;&Sif;yJAs? ouFef;t0wfBuD;ESifh aq;wHBuD;aigaigqdkvQif
MunfhvkdUudk r&bl;}
uRefawmf/ /]'gawmhvnf; [kwfyg&JU? 'gxuf ckeifu vl[m b,folb,f0gqkdwm cifAsm; jrifvkdufovm;}
a&TOa'gif;
&S m;/ /]jrifvkdufNyDvm;Asm? "mwkaA'q&mBuD; OD;xGef;az&JU wynfh&if;? bxGef;acgif;BuD; qkdwm olaygh}

uRefawmf/ /]'gjzifh &efukefusawmh awGUMuOD;rSmayghav}
&S m;/ /]rawGUrSmawmh rylygESihfAsm? ukdif; nOfUvJeufNyD? cifAsm;acsmif jyefNyD; tdyfvkdufMuOD;pkdU ? reufrS apmapmxNyD;
ppfudkif;bufoGm;? orÁmefESifh rEÅav;ul;NyD; &efukefjyefMupkdYAsm}
NyD;ygNyD/ /
______
33/ usm;avm vlavm

,cktcg rdwfaqGBuD;OD;pH&Sm;onf tm;vyfcGifh,lí tem;,lckduf cPacwårQ uRefawmfESifhtwl aexkdif&ef
uomNrdKUokdY vm&m rdwfaqG&if;csif;awGUMu&onfESifh tm;&yg;& pum;prnf pyfrdpyf&m ajymqkdMu&if; a&S;tESpf 20
ausmfavmufu twlwl aysmfaysmfyg;yg; aexkdifvmcJhMuaom taMumif;rsm;udk ajymqkd&mrS xkdpOftcgu
ysOfav;yif&GmwGif xl;qef;aom vlowfrIwpfrItaMumif;udk owif;pmrsm;wGifaomfvnf;aumif;? OD;pH&Sm;\
pHkaxmuf0w¬Krsm;wGifaomfvnf;aumif; a&;om;zl;ygovm; [k ar;vkduf&m OD;pH&Sm;onf yufvufukvm;xkdif
ay:wGif yufvufvSefNyD; yg;pyfwGifudkufxm;aom aq;wHudk jyif;pGmzGmí rD;ckd;rsm;udk wjznf;jznf;xkwfum
rdrdpdwfxJwGif wpfckckudk pOf;pm;ae[efESifh twefMumMum acG&pfwufaeaom rD;cdk;rsm;udk armhMunfhaeav\/
wpfatmifhMumrS owd&vmaom vu©PmESifh OD;pH&Sm;u
][kwfuJh? MumvJ tawmfMumoGm;NyD? uRefawmf rSwfrdoavmufjzifh owif;pmrsm;xJrSma&m 0w¬KxJrSma&m
ra&;rdzl;ao;bl;}
[k jyefajymav\/
uRefawmfuvnf;
][kwfw,fAsm? uRefawmfvJ 'DvlowfrItaMumif;udk b,frSmrS rzwfrdbl;? tJ'DvlowfrIudk pOf;pm;rdwkdif;
ausmcsrf;rdw,f? cifAsm;wkdU pHkaxmufrsm;[mvJ b,favmufpOf;pm;ÓPfBuD;w,f qkdwm tHhMordw,f?
uRefawmfwkdU twkdif;omjzpfvQif tJ'Dudkbwif[m vifhay:u vdrfhusNyD; usm;udkufNyD; aow,fvkdUom
,lxm;MurSmyJ}
]'Dvkdyg udkodef;armif&,f? uRefawmfvJ cifAsm;wkdU ta&;rBuD;bl;xifwJh pum;uav;rsm;ay:u &wJh pdwful;ygyJ?
odyfNyD;awmh BuHpnf&wmawmh r[kwfygbl;}
]okdYayr,fhAsm? 'Dvkd xl;qef;wJh trIrsdK;udkawmh OD;pH&Sm;pHkaxmuf0w¬KxJrSm ygp&maumif;w,f? b,folrS
ra&;ao;vQif tvGefxl;qef;vGef;vkdU pHkaxmuf0goemygwJv h lrsm; zwf&atmif cifAsm;tcGifhjyK&if uRefawmfyJ
pHkaxmufarmifpH&Sm; 0w¬KxJrSm a&;xnfhcsifygw,f }
]'DtrItaMumif;udkawmh cifAsm; tptqHk; odwmyJ? trIoGm; tm;vHk;ukef rSwfrd&if a&;xnfhwmaygh? uRefawmf
tcGifhrjyKp&m taMumif; r&Sdygbl;}
[k OD;pH&Sm;ukd,fwkdifu tcGifhjyKí atmufygtjzpftysufwkdUudk pHkvifpGm a&;vkduf&ygonf/
______
tif;&GmNrdKU txufoHk;rkdifuGm a&TvDjrpfurf;ay:&Sd ysOfav;yif &Gmuav;onf a&S;ESpfaygif; 20 ausmf 25 ESpf

avmufu ,ckwnf&Sdaeaom &Gmuav;ESifh rsm;pGm uGmjcm;cJh\/ xkdpOftcgu a&TvDe,fwpf0kdufwGif tvGefBuD;aom
qdyfurf;wpfckjzpfí vlaetdrfajc txl;yifpnfum;vSayonf/ ¤if;&GmwGif aexkdifMuaom ukefonfBuD;wkdUrSm
a&TvDe,fom;rsm;om r[kwf? opfvkyfief;BuD;us,faom a'ojzpfojzifh Aef;armf? uom? rEÅav; tp&Sdaom
NrdKUBuD;rsm;u opfukefonfrsm;yif vma&mufa&TUajymif; aexkdifMu&av\/ opfawmzuf t&m&Sdrsm;ESifh rEÅav;NrdKU
opfyGJpm;BuD;rsm;vnf; rMumcP vma&mufwwfMu\/ &Gmywfvnf&Sd v,fuGif;rsm;rSmvJ v,frvkyf&bJ rsufaph
wqHk; opfrsm;ESifhjynfhESufaeaom opfuGif;BuD;rsm;om jzpfaeav\/ naecsrf;tcsdefwGifvJ uRJcavmufoH rsm;ESifh
qlnHvsuf&Sdaeav\/
a&TOa'gif;
,ckazmfjyrnfh vlowfrIjzpfysufaom tcsdefumvrSm vGefcJhaom ESpfaygif; 20 ausmfavmuf wefcl;v oBuFefwGif;

tcsdef jzpfysufí uRefawmfrSm a&TvDe,f taumufawmtkyftjzpfESifh tpdk;&trIxrf;wpfa,muf jzpfygonf/
¤if;oBuFef tMuwfaeUu opfukefonfrsm;u zdwfMum;í oGm;a&mufaysmfyGJpm;NyD; a&avmif; upm;cJhygonf/
ysOfav;yif&GmwGif a&yufupm;MuonfrSm tjcm;awm&Gmuav;rsm;ESifh rwl? txl;yif aysmf&TifzG,faumif;vSay\/
taMumif;aomfum; txufu azmfjyxm;onfhtwkdif; ¤if;&GmwGif aexkdifMuaomolrsm;rSm &Gmol&Gmom;rsm;om
r[kwfbJ tjcm;NrdKUBuD;rsm;rS ajymif;a&TUvmaom ukefonfrsm; jzpfMuojzifh atmufNrdKUaus;&Gmrsm;wGif jyKvkyfavh
&Sdaom xHk;pHtwkdif; &GmvnfwGif r@yfBuD;aqmufvkyfí a&tkd;BuD;i,frsm;wGif a&tjynfhcwfxm;Mu\/ vmorQ
{nfhonfwkdUudk a,musfm;wpfzuf rdef;rwpfzuf pm;aumif;aomufzG,fwkdUESifh {nfhcHMuNyD;vQif a&tenf;i,fyufí
vTwfwwfMu\/
,ckuJhokdY {nfhcHauR;arG;&mrS wjznf;jznf;aejrifhvmojzifh {nfhonftoGm;tvm &yfpJoGm;onfESifhwpfNydKifeuf
r@yftwGif;&Sd vlysdKtysdKwkdYu pí tcsif;csif; a&yufp jyKMuav\/ aeU 11 em&D tcsdefavmuf a&mufaomtcg
r@yftwGif;&Sdvlrsm;rSm a&rpdkolr&Sdatmif jzpf½HkrQru tupm; Murf;onfxuf Murf;vmav\/ &,f&TifzG,f
taumif;qHk; wpfckrSm towfcH&ol ukefonfudkbwif\ r,m; Aef;armfol &Srf;pyfruav;? touf 25 ESpfavmuf
&Sd rat;&Sifu acgif;aqmifNyD; tysdKuav; av;ig;a,mufESifh vmí uRefawmf? udkbwif? udktHhBuD;ESifh tjcm;ol
oHk;av;a,muf xkdifaeaom pm;yGJudk vmNyD;vQif ukefonfudktHhBuD;tm; twif;zrf;í olwkdUrdef;rrsm;
aeaombufokdY ac:oGm;Muav\/
udktHhBuD;rSm rdef;rav;ig;a,muf vufwGif r½kef;EdkifbJ vkdufygoGm;&&Sm\/ udktHhBuD;onf qHyifaumif;oljzpfí
bD;qHxHk;BuD;ukd xHk;ay;av\/ xkdYaemuf rsufESmwGif oeyfcg;vdrf;jcif;? &ifzHk;tusÐudkcRwfí aemufjyef0wfay;jcif;?
vHkcsnfudk rdef;rxbDuJhokdY 0wfay;jcif;? yg;wGif tkd;rnf;yg;uGufrsm; uGufay;jcif;wkdUudk jyKvkyfay;NyD;rS qGJBudK;
wpfuHk;udk vnfyif;rSm qGJNyD; uRefawmfwkdU&Sd&m ukvm;xkdiftvGwfwGif xkdifapav\/ ¤if;tvkyfudk rat;&Sif
udk,fwkdif rdef;uav;rsm; tultnDjzifh vkyfudkifaeonfudk ol\ a,mufsm;jzpfol udkbwifonfvnf; pdwfrcsrf;
omaom rsufESmESifhom Munfhae&av\/ ukdtHhBuD;\ r,m;jzpfol rrBuD;rSmvnf; rdrd\vif jzpfysufae&yHkudk
rMunfhEkdifbJ &Sufí a'gyGojzifh r@yfxJrS xGufoGm;av\/ udktHhBuD;rSmrl ,ckuJhokdY rdrdcHae& jcif;udk r&Sufonfh
tjyif &,farmí vly&dowftvnfwGif xkdifaeav\/ jrif&ol a,musfm; rdef;r wkdUrSm rnfolrQ r&,farmbJ
raeEkdifMuacs/ uRefawmfvnf; wpfatmifhaeNyD;rS rdwfaqGrsm;udk EIwfqufNyD; tif;&Gm½Hk;okdY jyefcJhav\/
aemufwpfaeUwGif oBuFeftwufaeYjzpfí tvkyfrvkyfbJ rdrdtdrfwGif em;ae&av\/ ¤if;n 9 em&DavmufwGif
ysOf;av;yif&GmzufrS aoewfoHk;csuf ypfoHMum;&í b,ftwGuf ypfonfudk uRefawmfrSm awG;awmír&Ekdifay/
aemufwpfaeU eHeufapmapm ig;em&DavmufwGif tvkyf&SdonfESifh ysOfav;yifokdY uRefawmf jrif;ESifhxGufvmcJh&m
ajcmufem&DavmufwGif ukefonf OD;yefwkdUtdrfokdY a&mufav\/ olBuD;tdrfa&SUwGif &Gmom;rsm;pkaeonfudk
awGU&ojzifh OD;yeftm; taMumif;udk ar;&m raeYnu uRJudk usm;udkufojzifh ukdbwifESifh udktHhBuD;wdkY usm;ypf&ef
vifhoGm;apmifh&m ukdbwifrSm usm; vihfatmufokdYta&mufwGif opfyifay:u vdrfhusí usm;qGJoGm;aMumif;?
,ckeHeuf tavmif;&Sm&ef vlrsm;pkaeaMumif;? ykvdyfzufokdYwkdif&ef tif;&GmokdY acwåe,fvSnfhvmaom tifpydwfawmf
OD;cefYxHokdY &Gmom;wpfcsdKU apmapmu oGm;MuNyDjzpfaMumif;ESihf qufvufí tjzpftysufrsm;udk ajymjyav\/
]oBuFeftMuwfaeYu uRefawmf\ uRJrsm;vkduf&m uRJwpfaumifrawGUojzifh twufaeYeHeuf qufvuf&Sm&m
aeUvnfavmufrS usm;udkufxm;onfh uRJaowpfaumifudk awGU&ygw,f? cifAsm;xH usm;apmifhay;&ef
tajymvTwf&rSmuvJ uRefawmfrSm Oykofapmihfaevsuf jzpfí rvTwf&yg? &Gmom;rsm; 'DtaMumif;udk Mum;awmh
udktHhBuD;u usm;udk olypfr,f? vifhpifomxkd;ay;ygqkdí &Gmom;rsm;u vifhxkd;ay;w,f? ukdtHhBuD;vnf;
ukdbwifwkdYtdrfwGif vnfywfaeckdufjzpfí 'DtaMumif;udk udkbwifwkdUtdrfrSmyJ ajymw,f? NyD;awmh udktHhBuD;u
]]udkbwif usm;ypfwmMunfhcsif&if uRefawmfESifhvkdufcJhygvm;}} [k ajymaomtcg ukdbwifu ]]rvkdufcsifbl;Asm ?
aMumufw,f}} [k jiif;qefygw,f/ xkdtcg r,m;jzpfol rat;&Sifu ]a,musfm;jzpfNyD; onfavmuf

ol&Jabmenf;&ovm;? vifhpifay:uae Munfh&wmyJ ? uRefrawmif vkdufMunfh0Hhygw,f} [k ajym&m udktHhBuD;u ]
[kwfom;yJAsm? vifhay:uyJ bmaMumufp&m &SdovJ? &Jaq;wifoGm;wmaygh} [k ajymvkduf&m rat;&SifrSm
oabmus[efESifh NyHK;íaeav\/ ukdbwifuvnf;
]'gjzifh vkdufwmayghAsm? cifAsm;rSm bm&SdovJ}
BuD;/ /]uRefawmfhrSm 0DpuDykdifhykvif;uav; wpfvHk;&Sdygw,f? wpfa,mufwpf0ufpDaomufvQif aMumufpdwfr&Sdawmh
ygbl;? ckawmh raomuf&ao;bl;As? vifhay:usrS aomuf&r,f}
wif/ /]aumif;NyDAsm? cifAsm;om ,lcJhygawmh}
qkdNyD; udkbwifvnf; olUtdrfrS em&Djyefwpfcsufavmuf jyefcJhw,fAs ...
... ukdtHhBuD;vJ olUtdrfodkUa&mufvQif a&mufjcif;yJ aoewf,rf;axmifh? vG,ftdwfwkdUudk jyifwmyJAs? 0DpuDudkawmh

ykvif;ESpfvHk;rSm wpf0ufpDcGJxnfhNyD; aqmf'gESifh tNyD;a&mxm;owJh? aemuf nae 6 em&Davmufusawmh olwkdU
ESpfa,mufqHkNyD; &Gmom;oHk;av;a,mufESifh uRJaoaumif&Sd&mudk oGm;Muw,fAs? vifhpifay:a&mufawmh udktHhBuD;u
]]a&mh cifAsm;twGuf}} qkdNyD; t&ufykvif;wpfvHk;udk udkbwifudk ay;vkdufwmudk vkdufydkYwJh &Gmom;uav;rsm;u
jrif&w,fwJhAs? NyD;awmh rif;wkdU jyefMuawmh? usm;vmcgeD;NyD [k ajymí &Gmom;uav;rsm; jyefvmMu&owJhAs?
onfaemufawmhjzihf olwkdUESpfa,mufwnf; vifhpifay:rSm apmifhaeMuwmyJ? uRefawmfwkdUvJ em;wpGifhpGifhESifh
em;axmifaeMuwmyJ ....
... nvlajcwdwf 9 em&Dtcsdefavmufusawmh aoewfoHk;csufypfoH qufcg qufcg Mum;&w,fAs? uRefawmfvJ
csufcsif; &Gmom;rsm;udk ac:NyD; rD;wkwfrsm;vkyf? "m;vSHrsm;,lNyD; vifhpifqDudk vkdufoGm;wmaygh? [kdusawmh udkbwif
udk rawGU? ewfyl;aeovkd uwkefu,ifjzpfaewJh udktHhBuD;udkom awGU&oAs? uRefawmfwkdUvifhpifatmuf a&mufrS
olvJ qif;awmhwmyJ? ukdbwifaum b,frSmvJ ar;awmh pum;jyefrajymEkdifbJ &Gmzufudk jyef&ef vufudkom
jyEkdifawmhw,f? olUtdrfa&mufonftxd pum;wpfcGef;rS rajymbl;As? tdrfay:a&mufa&mufjcif; yufvufukvm;xkdif
ay: yufvufvSefNyD; vG,ftdwfxJygvmwJh 0DpuDykvif;udkxkwf? zefcGufxJ ykvif;wpf0ufusatmif iSJY?
zefcGufwpf0ufavmuf usatmif aomufNyD;rS rat;&Sifudk tjrefac:ay;yg ckdif;íoGm;ac:&m rat;&SifvJ cPjcif;yJ
udktHhBuD;tdrfudk a&mufvmw,fAs? rat;&Sifa&mufrS ukdtHhBuD;vJ pum;ajymEkdifawmhwmyJAs ...
BuD;/ / ]rat;&Sif&,f? 0rf;vnf; renf;ESifhawmh? jzpfNyD;trI[mawmh rwwfEkdifawmhbl;? olUtaMumif;ESifh olUuHyJ?
uRefawmfwkdU vifhpifay:a&mufNyD; rMumcifrSmyJ ae0ifoGm;w,f? &Spfem&Davmufusawmh tawmfyJ arSmifrkdufoGm;
w,f? 'Dawmh udkbwifu olaMumufw,f? vifhay:rSm rae0Hhbl;vkdU ajymwmudk;? onfawmh uRefawmfu
aMumufp&mr[kwfygbl;? 0DpuDudkom enf;enf;aomufvkdufyg ajymawmh olu wpfykvif;vHk; armhaomuf
vkdufw,fAs? aomufNyD;wpfatmifhaeawmh usm;vmoHMum;&wmudk;? onfawmh olUrSm 'll;awGwkefNyD; odyfaMumufvm
wmaygh? uRefawmfu raMumufygESifh qkdaywJh r&awmhbl;? vuav;uvJ rHIrHIomaeawmh usm;vifhpifatmuf
a&mufvmwm oljrif&awmh tNidrfraebJ vifhay:rSm rwfwyf&yfNyD; tay:u opfudkif;ay:udk wufwmaygh? vlu
wkefwkef&D&Djzpfaeawmh ajcvufawGu b,fNrJawmhrvJ? acsmfusoGm;wmaygh? olvJ ajrBuD;ay: Akef;ceJusoGm;a&m
usm;BuD;uvJ aMumufp&m toHBuD;ESifh [def;NyD;olUtay: ckeftkyfvkdufwmyJ? onfawmh uRefawmfvJ b,fvkdrS
rBuHwwfawmhbl;? usm;udk aoewfESifhypf&ifvJ vludkygrSefr,f? rypfbJ ae&ifvJ vludk udkufowfawmhr,f? 'Dvkd
aewkef; ½kwfw&uf tBuH&NyD; usm;vefUxGufajy;atmif aoewfESifh wjcm;udk acsmfypf&wmaygh? yxr ESpfcsuf
ypfvkdufawmh rajy;ao;bl;As? aemufwpfcsufypfawmhrS xGufajy;wmaygh? okdUayr,fh tvGwfxGufrajy;bl?
vludkqGJNyD; awmxJ0ifoGm;awmh uRefawmfvJ b,fhES,frS rwwfEdkifawmhbl;? vifhpifay:uom &GmuvlawG
a&TOa'gif;
a&mufatmif apmifhae&wmyJ? &Gmom;awGqlnHvmawmhrS olvJ *Rwf*Rwf *Rwf*RwfESifh xajy;xGufoGm;oHMum;&w,f?

tm;BuD;&JwJh usm;yJAsm? usKyfrdwfaqGudk udkufwJhusm;awmh csrf;omray;bl;? eufzefawGUatmif&SmNyD; ypfowfr,f
vkdUajymw,fAs}
ukdyefu ,ckvkdajymaeckduf uRefawmf\ pdwfwGif ½kwfw&ufowd&vmí
]onfvkdajymaeawmh rat;&Sifu b,fvkdaeovJ? bmrsm;ajymao;ovJ}
[k axmufí ukdyeftm; ar;vkduf&m udkyefu ..
]atmifr,f tawmfawmfwJh rdef;rAs? rsufESmawmif ... } qkdí pum;vufp rowfrD olBuD;tdrfu vlwpfa,muf
a&mufvmí
]awmtkyfrif;? awmtkyfrif;? olBuD;tdrfrSm tifpydwfawmfrif; a&mufaeí vufzuf&nfaomuf <uyg}
[k ac:vmaomaMumifh uRefawmfa&m udkyefyg olBuD;tdrfokdY pum;vufp rowfbJ xGufcJhMuav\/
olBuD;tdrfay:okdU a&mufMuaomtcg tifpydwfawmfrif; OD;cefU? udktHhBuD;? rat;&SifESifh tjcm;vlBuD; av;ig;a,muf
udk tdrfay:rSmawGUí &Gmom;q,fa,muf udk;a,mufcefUwkdUrSm tdrfatmufwGif 0kdif;zGJUpum;ajymaeonfudk
awGU&av\/
tdrfay:okdYa&mufvQif tifpydwfawmfrif;uyif pum;pí
cefU / /]awmtkyfrif;ESifh awGU&wm tqifoifhvkdufwmAsm? tawmfyJ nu ukdbwifudk usm;udkufoGm;wm
Mum;NyD;NyDvm;As}
uRefawmf/ /]udkyef ajymjyí Mum;&ygNyD? 'DtaMumif;udk ajymaewkef; olBuD;rif;u ac:í csufcsif;yJ vmcJhygw,f}
cefY/ /]Mum;NyD;&ifvJ xyfajymzkdU rvkdawmhygbl;? onfudpöESifh ywfoufí uRefawmfhudk tenf;i,f
ulnDapcsifygw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]wwftm;oa&GU ulnDvkdygw,f? b,fvkdrsm; uRefawmfulnDEdkifygovJ}
cefU / /]uRefawmfhrSm 0wå&m;&SdwJhtwkdif; jzpfyGm;aom ae&mrsm;udk vkdufMunfh&ygw,f? usm;udkufí aowm
[kwfr[kwf tavmif;udk ppfaq;zkdY wm0ef&Sdygw,f? usm;BuD;uvJ vlom;pm;usm;? tawmfvJ aomif;usef;aew,f
qkdawmh &Gmom;rsm;uvJ udkbwiftavmif;ukdawmif vkdufr&Sm0HhMubl;wJhAs? rdwfaqGuawmh usm;ypfaeMurkdY
rdwfaqGudk,fwkdif a&SUaqmifoGm;r,fqkd&if &Gmom;tm;vHk; vkdufMurSmygyJ? onfawmh rdwfaqGBuD;u uRefawmfhudk
ulnDwJh oabmESifh onftavmif;udk vkduf&Smay;apvkdygw,f}
uRefawmf/ /( udktHhBuD;zuf vSnfhí ) ]rdwfaqGaum vkdufr,f r[kwfvm;}
&S if / /]vkdufvkdU rjzpfbl; xifyg&JU&Sif? 'DuaeY opfwkduform;awGESifh pm&if;&Sif;p&m &Sdygao;w,f? udkbwif
r&Sdawmh olUtvkyfawGudk uRefrvJ aumif;aumif; em;rvnfbl;? udktHhBuD; &Sif;ay;rS jzpfygvdrfhr,f}
cefY/ /]vlwpfa,mufvHk; aoaewmyJAsm? tvkyfudk bm*½kpkdufp&m &SdovJ ? cifAsm;ajr§mufay;vkdU olUcrsm
ao&&SmwmyJ ? twloGm;wJh vl ryg&if cifAsm;a,mufsm;tavmif;udk b,folu &Smay;OD;rSmvJ}
[k OD;cefYu aigufqwfqwf ajymvkduf&m rat;&Sifvnf; olBuD;tdrfay:rS aqmifhatmifhí qif;oGm;av\/
ukdtHhBuD;uvJ pdwfryghwygESifh
]uRefawmfvJ vkdufyghr,f}
[k qkdum &Gmom;q,fa,mufavmufESifh olBuD;? OD;cefU? ukdthHBuD;ESifh uRefawmfwkdYonf olBuD;tdrfrS

xGufcJhMuav\/
uRefawmfvJ aoewfudk ,lí udktHhBuD;ESifhtwl vifhpif&Sd&m awmxJokdY a&SUaqmifoGm;&m
rsm;rMumrDcyfvSrf;vSrf;uyif opfyifBuD;ay:rSm xkd;xm;aom vifhpifudk jrif&av\/
uRefawmfonf vifhpiftem;okdY a&mufaomtcg pkd;&drfruif;&SdonfESihf &Gmom;rsm;tm; a&SUokdY rwkd;apbJ
tifpydwfawmfrif; OD;cefY? ukdtHhBuD;? olBuD;ESifh tjcm;&Gmom; rkqkd;ESpfa,mufudk ac:NyD; vifhpifatmufokdY
0ifoGm;Muav\/
vifhpifatmufokdYa&mufvQifa&mufjcif; usm;ajc&mrsm;ESifh vlaoaumifudk qGJoGm;aom pGyfaMumif;udk
0dkif;íMunfh&mrS ukdtHhBuD;u armhí vufñdI;xkd;NyD;
]a[m[kd opfudkif;ay:u uswmyJ? ajrBuD;ay:awmh 'Dae&mrSm usw,f}
[k ajymNyD; udkbwifvdrfhusaomae&mudk vufñdI;xkd;jyav\/ OD;cefUuvnf; ][kwfw,fcifAsm? ol raMumuf&if
vifhpifay:u usvdrfhr,f r[kwfbl;? ckawmh cifAsm; ajymovkd aMumufNyD; opfudkif;ay: wufawmh usoGm;rSmaygh?
uJAsm oluswJhae&mudk ikwfuav;wpfck ½kdufxm;yg}
[k qkdí &Gmom;wpfa,mufu opfom;wpfckudk cRefNyD; jyaomae&mwGif ikwf½kdufxm;av\/
xkduJhokdY ikwf½kduf&if; pum;ajymMupOf uRefawmfhrSm usm;ypf0goemygonfhtwkdif; ¤if;opfyifBuD;atmuf
ae&mwumudk aphaphpyfpyfvSnfhvnf Munfh½I&m vlaoaumifudk usm;qGJoGm;aom ae&mESifh aoewf
usnfqHrsm;rSefxm;aom ae&mrSm ESpfvHavmuf uGmonfudkvnf;aumif;? usm;ajc&mESifh vlaoaumif qGJxm;aom
pGyfaMumif;udkom awGU&í aoG;[lí wpfpufrQ rawGU&aMumif;? okdYaomf ¤if;wkdUrSm rxl;qef;acs/ xl;qef;aom
tcsufwpfckrSm usm;ajc&mudk taotcsmMunfh&m usm;\b,fbufvuf ajc&mrsm;rSm tjcm;aom ajc&mrsm;uJhokdY
ajcaMumif;av;ck&m rxifbJ oHk;ckomxifonfudk awGU&ojzifh ¤if;ajc&mrsm;udk aocsmonfxufaocsmatmif
av;ig;cktxd uRefawmfvkdufí ajrBuD;em;uyfNyD; aocsmatmif iHkUMunfhaepOf OD;cefUu
]awmtkyfrif;uawmh w,f0goemygwmudk;? bmawGUaevkdYvJAs? onfavmuf aoaocsmcsm Munfh&wm}
[k ajymvkduf&mrS uRefawmfolwkdUudk Munfhvkduf&m olwkdUig;a,mufrSm wpfa,mufESifh wpfa,muf xdvkrwwf
uyfNyD; uRefawmfhudk apmifhMunfhaeonfudk awGU&av\/
xkdtcg uRefawmfu
]wpfjcm;r[kwfygbl; cifAsm;? onfusm;[m b,fbufvufacsmif; oHk;acsmif;&SdvdkY Munfhaeygw,f}
cefY/ /]b,frSmvJAs usm;aoaumif cifAsm; awGUaeNyDvm;? b,fem;rSmvJ}
[k xdwfvefYaom trlt&mESifh ar;av\/
uRefawmf/ /]aorSmawmh a0;ygao;w,f? vmygAs onfrSm ... }

cefY/ /][m ... rvm0Hhbl;av q&m? ypfygAs .. udkufukefvdrhfr,f}
uRefawmf/ /]vmom vmygAs? rukdufEkdifygbl;? ajc&mawGyg? usm; 'Dem;rSm r&Sdygbl;}
[k ajymrS tm;vHk; uRefawmfhteD;okdU vmNyD; uRefawmfh aoewfajymif;ESifh jyaom ajc&mrsm;udk Munfhav\/
uRefawmfwkdUESifh twlygvmaom rkqkd;armifrJu 'DawmhrS ...
a&TOa'gif;
]'Dusm;[m rESpfu uRJukdufvkdY uRefawmfvifhapmifhNyD; ypfxm;wJh usm;yg? tJ'Dwkef;u b,fudkrSefoGm;w,f rodbl;?

aoG;awmh eJeJusoGm;wm awGU&w,f? ajcmufvavmuf aysmufoGm;NyD; olcsnf; arTaewm tawmfMumNyD? ajcwkd
ajcwkd ESifh emrnf&aew,f? 'Dem;w0dkuf udkufavorQ olcsnf;ygyJ q&m ? olUajc&mawmh vlwkdif;rSwfrdygw,f}
[k ajymjyav\/
xkdokdY ajymNyD;aemuf uRefawmfu OD;cefUtm;
]'Dae&mu udpö NyD;ygNyDvm;}
[k ar;&m
]NyD;ygNyD? vlaoaumif &SmzkdYom vkdygawmhonf} [k ajymojzifh uRefawmfyif a&SUaqmifí pGyfaMumif;twkdif;
vkdufoGm;Muav\/
0g;wpf½kdufavmuf oGm;rdwkdif; csHKrsm;atmufokdY iHkUMunfhNyD; oGm;Mu&m cRwfceJ toHMum;wkdif; aemufu vlrsm;onf
xGufajy;rnf jyKMu\/ xkdtcg uRefawmfrSm tBuH&í
]cifAsm;wkdU wdwfwdwfrvmMuESifh? qlnHpum;ajymNyD; vmMuyg? usm;tem;rSm &Sd&ifvJ xGufajy;ygvdrhfr,f}
[k ajymrS olwkdUvnf; &Jwif;pGm aemufu vkdufcJhMuav\/
vifhpifESifh udkufwpf&mavmuf uGmaom ae&mokdUa&mufvQif ,ifrrJ½kdif;rsm; xysHaomtoHudk Mum;&ojzifh
uRefawmfvnf; a&SUokdY qufvufroGm;bJ &yfvkduf&m aemufuygaom vlrsm;rSmvnf; uRefawmfhteD;wGif
tm;vHk;&yfwefYvsuf uRefawmfhukd apmifhMunfhaeMuav\/
uRefawmfu
]awGUawmh awGUr,fAsdKU? a&SU 0g;oHk;½kdufavmufrSm awGUvdrhfr,f? cifAsm;wkdUtm;vHk; nmoHay;NyD; vkdufcJhyg? uRefawmf
a&SUu wkd;ygr,f}
[k qkdí tm;vHk;nmoHay;Muí uRefawmfu a&SUu wkd;oGm;&jyef\/
uRefawmfajymonfhtwkdif; 0g;ESpf½kdufcGJ oHk;½kdufavmuf oGm;rdaomtcg csHKBuD;wpfckatmufwGif ukdbwif\
tavmif;udk awGU&av\/
]awGUNyDAsdKU? vmomvmMuyg}
[k uRefawmfu ac:vkdufaomtcg vlxkBuD;onf a&SUokdY rwkd;0hHbJ &yfíMunfhaeMuav\/ uRefawmfu
aoewfwpfcsuf csKHxJokdY ypfvkdufNyD;
]vmomvmMuyg? usm; r&Sdygbl;}
qkdrS wjznf;jznf; wkd;vmMuNyD; tavmif;em;okdY uyfMuav\/
tavmif;udk aoaocsmcsm MunfhMuaomtcg vufarmif;wpfzufrSm usm;udkufxm;aom 'Pf&mESifh 0rf;Adkufudk
azmufNyD; tltonf;rsm;udk pm;xm;onfudk awGU&av\/ tjcm;ae&mrsm;üum; usm;udkufxm;aom 'Pf&m
rawGU&acs/
uRefawmf/ /]'Dusm;awmh rMumbl;? aoawmhrSmyJ? em;om axmifMuayawmh}
cefY/ /]bmaMumifhvJAs}
uRefawmf/ /]usm;wkdUxHk;pHrSm vludkpm;vQif arSmuf&uf pm;avh&Sdw,f? vlUrsufESmudk Munfhrpm;0Hhbl;wJhAs? yufvuf
pm;&if usm;tpm;rSm;w,f qkdMuw,f? rMumcif aowwfowJh}
cefY/ /],HkzkdUawmh tcufom;yJAsm? cifAsm;wkdUESifh awGU&ifawmh aoaumif;ygvdrfhr,f}

[k &,farmum ajymNyD;vQif
]udkif; tavmif;udk &Gmudk ,l&atmif pDrHMuyg}
[k ajymav\/
uRefawmf/ /]cPqkdif;ygOD;? udktHhBuD; cifAsm; onfusm;udk qufapmifhOD;rvm; ? onfnawmh trSefvmrSmyJ}
tHh/ /(rsufESmysufNyD;) ]uRefawmf rapmifhvkdyg? wjcm;wd&pämefudk udkufvkdU apmifh&vQifawmh apmifh0Hhyg&JU? ckvkd vludk
udkufxm;wJh tavmif;ay:u aeNyD;awmh rapmifh0Hhbl;Asm}
uRefawmf/ /]'gjzifh aumif;NyD? uRefawmf apmifhr,f? tavmif;udk ae&mrzsufMuygESifh? a&S;vlBuD;rsm; ajymwJh
pum;twdkif; onfvkd[mudk &GmxJvJ roGif;&bl;wJh}
olBuD;/ /][kwfw,f tifpydwfawmfrif;? &GmxJawmh roGif;&bl;? &GmjyifzufrSm xm;&w,f? NyD;awmh onfusm;aorS
at;Mur,f? awmtkyfrif; apmifhr,fqkd&ifawmh pdwfcs&ygw,f? aus;Zl;vJ wifygw,fAsm? &Gmom;rsm;vJ
'Dusm;rao&if uRJvkdufEGm;vkdufawmif awmxJroGm;0HhMubl;? uRefawmfwkdU vifhpifxkd;ay;yghr,f}
[k qkdNyD;
]armifrJwkdU vifhpifxkd;ay;vkdufMuuG,f? awmtkyfrif;udk ulnDMuygOD;? 0kdif;vkyfay;vkdufMuyg? rif;wkdU tusdK;ygyJ}
rJ / /]vihfawmh xkd;ay;r,fAsm? apmihfawmh rapmifh0Hhbl;? t&ifwpfcg uRefawmfypfwkef;u [def;oGm;wJh toHBuD;
ckxufxd em;xJu rxGufao;bl;}
uRefawmf/ /]'DavmufvJ raMumufESifhav? vifhom xkd;ay;yg? rif; apmifhzkdY rvkdygbl;? usKyf wpfa,mufwnf;
apmifhygr,f? udkif; xrif;pm;NyD; vmxkd;Muyg? nae uRefawmf vmapmifhyghr,f? udkif; oGm;MupkdY}
qkdNyD; tm;vHk; &GmzufokdY jyefcJhMuav\/
olBuD;tdrfokdY a&mufMuvQif OD;cefUu rdrdrSwfwrf;pmtkyfuav; xkwfí a&;rSwfNyD;vQif

],ckaool udkbwifrSm usm;udkufíao&jcif; trSefyifjzpfaMumif;? onfusm;rSmvJ qkd;aom vlom;pm;usm;jzpfí
ypfowfoltm; ½Hk;awmfu qkaiGxkwfay;&ef uRefawmf tpD&ifcHygrnf}
[k ajymqkdNyD; tif;&GmrSm udpötenf;i,f &Sdao;onf? ESpf&ufavmufae&OD;rnf [k ajymqkdEIwfqufNyD;
qif;oGm;av\/
uRefawmfvnf; olBuD;tdrfrS qif;vmNyD; ysOfav;yife,ff awmacgif;tdrfokdY jyefcJhav\/ eHeufpm pm;NyD;
awmacgif;armifausmfu wpfa&;wpfarmtdyf&ef ajymojzihf uRefawmfhtwGuf jyifxm;aom ckwifay:rSm acwåvSJí
usm;udkd rnfuJhokdY ypf&rnfudk pOf;pm;vsuf tdyfaysmfoGm;av\/
tdyf&mrSEkd;í em&DudkMunfhvkdufaomtcg em&Djyef wpfcsufxkd;NyDjzpfí jyefrtdyfbJ awmacgif;armifausmftm;
tem;okdY ac:NyD;
]armifausmfa&? n q&mESifh rif;twlvkdufNyD; vifhapmifh0Hhyghrvm;}
[k ar;&m armifausmfu
]q&m ? rjzpfbl;? uRefawmf usm;ypfawmh rvkduf0Hhbl; q&m? wjcm;[m bmyJ cdkif;ckdif; uRefawmfvkyfay;yghr,f}
a&TOa'gif;
[k jyefajymav\/ uRefawmfuvnf;
][kwfw,fuGm? aMumufwJhvlESifhawmh roGm;csifbl;? [kdaeUuvJ aMumufwJhvlESifhoGm;vkdU wpfa,muf taocH&NyD?
awmfNyDuGm? ig wpfa,mufwnf;yJ oGm;awmhr,f? usm;awmh raMumufygbl;? wpfnvHk; vlaoaumifBuD;ESifh
ae&rSmawmh ausmenf;enf;pdrfhouGm? vifhxkd;aum oGm;MuNyDvm;}
[k ar;&m
][kwfuJh oGm;MuNyD q&m? tawmfuav; MumoGm;NyD? jyefvmcgawmif eD;aeNyD}
[k armifausmfu jyefajymav\/
uRefawmf/ /]a[h 'gESifh armifausmfa& ? ig ar;prf;yg&apOD;uGm? rif; rat;&SifESifh ukdtHhBuD;wkdUudk b,fvkdrsm;
tuJcwfrdovJ}
ausmf / /]ajymraumif;ygbl; q&m? uRefawmfhtdrfuawmh &Gmtjyifbufusaeawmh olwkdU toGm;tvmawG aeYwkdif;
jrifae&wmayghq&m? rat;&Sifa,musfm; tckaowJhudkbwifuawmif &dyfrdw,f xifw,f? w,f ouFmp&m
raumif;bl; q&m ? olwkdU vifr,m;a&m udktHhBuD;wkdU vifr,m;a&m cPcP&efjzpfMuw,f}
uRefawmf/ /]at;uG,f? igvJ w,frouFmbl;? tMuFeftMuwfaeUu olwdkUaeyHk xkdifyHkawGMunfh&wm r[efbl;?
EkdYaywJh ck ukdbwifaowmESifhawmh bmrSrqkdifbl; xifyg&JUuGm}
ausmf / /]rqkdifygbl;q&m? udkbwifu usm;ukdufvkdU aowmyJ? udktHhBuD;u aoewfESifhypfvkdU aoNyD;
rawmfwqrSefw,f ajymwmrS r[kwfbJ q&m? bmrSrqkdifygbl;}
q&mwynfhESpfa,muf pum;ajymaeckduf vifhpifxkd;oGm;aom &Gmom;rsm; jyefvmNyD; vifhpifxkd;NyD;aMumif;

uRefawmfhtm; vmajymMuNyD;vQif vufzuf&nfMurf;0kdif;zGJUum pum;ajymaeMu&mrS av;em&Dxkd;NyDjzpfí
apmapmoGm;í vifhapmifhvdkojzifh &Gmom;rsm;tm;
]uRefawmfhudk vifhqDudk apmapmykdYMu? rkd;csKyf&if cifAsm;wkdU rjyef0HhbJ aevdrfhr,f}
[k ajymvkdufvQif ajymvkdufjcif;
]0rf;omvSygNyD q&m? oGm;MuygpkdY? Mum&if ae0ifoGm;&if uRefawmfwkdU vkdufrykdU0Hhygbl;}
[k qkdNyD;vQif xMuav\/
uRefawmfvnf; aoewf? vufESdyf"mwfrD;? ,rf;awmifh? a&bl; wkdUudk tm;vHk; tavmuf ,lNyD;vQif &Gmom;rsm;
ESifhtwl xGufcJh&m ig;em&Drxkd;rD vifhay:okdY a&mufav\/ vifhay:okdY a&mufvQifa&mufjcif;yif &Gmom;rsm;tm;
jyefvTwfvdkufojzifh olwkdUvnf; aw;csif;rsm; atmfqkdum jyefoGm;Muav\/
uRefawmfrSm vlom;pm;usm;udk ypf&awmhrnf? &vQif qkaiGawmif &aumif;&vdrfhrnf [k pdwful;&if;wGif
aevHk;aysmufí arSmifpjyKav\/ vifhay:uaeMunfh&m udkbwiftavmif;rSm wjznf;jznf; aysmufvkrwwf
rSdefoGm;av\/ wpfcgwpfcg "mwfrD;ESifh xkd;MunfhrS xif&Sm;pGm jrif&av\/
tavmif;rSm eHeufu uRefawmfwkdU jrifxm;cJhonfhtwdkif; r[kwfbJ azma&mifívmojzifh ykdí ajcvufrsm;
um;vmNyD;vQif aMumufp&maumif;vmonfhjyif tykyfeHYwkdYrSmvnf; rcHEkdifatmif xGufvmav\/ 8 em&Dtcsdef
avmufupNyD;vQif uRefawmfvnf; txl; em;pGifhaxmifae&\/ wpfcgwpf&H ,ifaumifrsm; xysHoHMum;&í
"mwfrD;xkd;Munfh&m usm;vmír[kwf? tjcm;taumifuav;rsm;udk vefUí ysHMuonfudk awGU&\/ tawmfnOfUeuf
csdefwGif ,ifaumifrsm;ysHoHMum;í rD;xkd;Munfh&m &GmwGif;u acG;wpfaumifvmí tavmif;udk erf;aeonfudk

awGU&\/ ¤if;udk axmufjcif;tm;jzifh usm;onf teD;tem;wGif &Sd[efr&Sd/ vmzkdU&ef a0;ao;onfudk od&\/
em&DdukdMunfhvkduf&m 10 em&Dxkd;NyD;onfudk awGU&ojzifh tawmfyif pdwfysufrd\/ taMumif;rlum; usm;wkdUrnfonf
nOfUeufem&Drxdk;rDom vmwwf\/ ¤if;tcsdefxuf rkd;csKyfvQif rsm;aomtm;jzifh rvmwwfacs/
,ckuJhokdY pOf;pm;&if; apmifhae&m pdwfxJwGif a&S;u rkqkd;BuD;rsm; ajymzl;aom pum;rsm;udk owd&rd\/
usm;udkufaoaom vlaoaumifay:rS aeí vifhapmifh&jcif;rsm;rSm txl;aMumufrufzG,faumif;aMumif;? wpfcg
vlaoaumifudk opfyifrSm rwfwwfcsnfíapmifh&m usm;BuD;0ifvmonfudk rkqkd;wpfa,muf jrifzl;\/ usm;BuD;
opfyifem;okdY a&mufatmif apmifhaeckduf usm;onf vlaoem; a&mufvQifa&mufvmjcif; vlaou usm;OD;acgif;udk
ykwfNyD; tyifay:u apmifhaeaom rkqkd;udk vufñdI;xkd;jy&m usm;BuD;u armhMunfhojzifh xkdrkqkd;rSm usm;udk
aoewfESifh rypf0HhbJ i,foHygatmif atmf&av\/ &Gmom;rsm;onf atmfoHMum;ívmMunfhMu&m rkqkd;rSm
vifhay:wGif qwfqwfwkefí pum;rajymEkdif? atmufudkvnf; qif;zkdU&m ac:r&ojzifh &Gmom;wpfa,mufu
opfyifay:wufNyD; ausmykd;í cscJh&\/ tdrfokdYa&mufaomtcg oHk;&ufomzsm;í aooGm;&aom taMumif;rsm;udk
owd&rdaomtcg uRefawmfrSm MuufoD;rsm; xvmrdao;\/ okdYaomf udk,hfpdwfudk udk,fwif;í igraMumufbl; [k
qkdum qufvufíom xkdifapmifhae&awmh\/
vrif;onfvnf; xGufay:vmí tawmfjrifhaomtcg atmufü&Sdaom tavmif;udk wpfzefaumif;pGm jrif&jyef\/

wpfcgwpfcg Munfh&if; Munfh&if; BuD;vmovkdvkd vIyfvmovkdvkd xif&\/ wpfcgüvnf; OD;acgif;yif
<uívmonf xifvkduf&\/ uRefawmfvnf; aMumufvsufyif ,ckvkd oef;acgiftcsdefü atmufudkqif;í
&Gmudkvnf; rjyef0Hh/ &Gmom;rsm;udk [pfac:&efvnf; nOfUeufvSNyDjzpfí rnfolrQMum;rnfr[kwf/ Mum;aomfvnf;
vm0HhMurnfr[kwf/ uRefawmfuvnf; aoewfESpfcsufoHxuf renf;Mum;rS vmcJhMu[k rSmxm;cJhojzifh
ukd,fh'ku©udk,f&Smonfh tjypf'PfcH&if; eHeufrkd;onfhwkdifatmif aMumufaMumufESifh ikwfwkwfxkdifí apmihfae&\/
eHeufaea&mifjcnf ay:vmonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf vifhay:u qif;NyD;vQif awmacgif;armifausmfwkdUtdrfokdY oGm;NyD;
]wpfnvHk; rtdyfcJh&bl;uGm? b,folrS vmrEId;apESifh? cPtdyfOD;r,f} qkdNyD; ckwifay:wGif tdyfvkduf&m csufjcif;yif
aysmfoGm;av\/
]q&m? q&m .. xygOD;? q&m&JU rdwfaqGOD;pH&Sm; vmw,f? q&mhudk awGUcsifw,f? atmufrSm jrif;ay:uawmif
rqif;ao;bl;} [k ajymqkdum armifausmfu EdI;í em&DMunfhvkduf&m ukd;em&Dxkd;NyDjzpfí oHk;em&Davmuf
aumif;aumif; tdyf&aMumif; od&\/
&S m;/ /]tkdifaq; udkodef;az? b,frSmwkef;As? usm;aum}

uRefawmf/ /]tdrfay:ukdom wufygOD;Asm? usm;r&ygbl;}
&S m;/ /]jrif;armao;vkdYyg ? wufygr,f}
[k qkdNyD; jrif;ay:u qif;í 0if;x&HwGif jrif;csdwfxm;NyD; tdrfay:okdU wufcJhav\/
uRefawmfvnf; rsufESmopfNyD; vufzuf&nfaomuf&ef udkpH&Sm;ESifhtwl xkdifNyD; vufzuf&nfaomuf&if;
pum;ajymMuav\/
&S m;/ /]b,fhES,fvJ cifAsm;u vifhapmifhw,f r[kwfvm;? rypf&bl;vm;}
a&TOa'gif;
uRefawmf/ /]nu wpfnvHk; apmifhwmayghAsm? uRefawmf bmudkrS raMumufwwfayr,fh wapäawmh

tawmfaMumufwwfw,fAs? aMumufayr,fh pGefUNyD; vlpm;usm; rypfzl;vkdY wpfnvHk; rtdyfbJ apmifhwmyJ?
bmjzpfovJ rqkdEdkifbl;}
&S m;/ /]aeprf;ygOD;Asm? b,fhES,faMumifh rvm&rSmvJ ? bmae&m rusvkdYvJ? tptqHk;ajymprf;ygOD;}
uRefawmf/ /]ajymygr,fAsm? vufzuf&nfom aomufygOD;? aomuf&if; em;axmifwmaygh}
qkdNyD; oBuFeftMuwfaeUu aysmfyGJpm; a&yufupm;onfu pNyD; ajymjy&av\/ aemuftwufaeUwGif
ukdyefajymjyonfhtwkdif; ukdtHhBuD;wkdY ukdbwifwkdY usm;apmifhyHkESifh ukdbwif ao&yHkudkvnf;aumif;? aemufwpfaeU
eHeuf ykvdyftifpyufawmfESifh oGm;í tavmif;yHkpH,l&yHk? ¤if;aemuf uRefawmf wpfnvHk;apmifh? eHeufvif;rS
jyefvmNyD; ,ck udkpH&Sm;ESifh awGUyHkwkdUudk aocsmpGm ajymjyav\/
vufzuf&nfaomufNyD;í yef;uefrsm;udk odrf;NyD;aomtcg uRefawmfwkdYESpfa,mufpvHk; yufvufukvm;xkdifay:

ajymif;xkdifNyD; qufvufpum;ajymMuav\/
&S m;/ /]aeygOD;Asm? cifAsm; ajymwJhtxJrSm aool udkbwifr,m;ESifh vifhtwlapmifhwJhvlESifh rouFmbl;wJh}
uRefawmf/ /]uRefawmfcsnf;awmif r[kwfygbl;Asm? a[m'D armifausmfuawmif 'dX ajymaeygw,f? bmaMumifhvJAs
udktHhBuD; owfw,fvkdY xifvkdYvm;? r[kwfygbl;Asm? olUcjrm opfyifay:u vdrfhusNyD; usm;udkufvkdY ao&wmyg}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm; ckeifu ajymwkef;u udkbwifusm;udkufwJhae&m qGJoGm;wJh vrf;aMumif;awGrSm aoG;rawGUbl;vkdU
qkdw,f[kwfvm;}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfw,fAsm? 'gawmh tawmfxl;qef;wmyJ? aoG;awmh enf;enf;jzpfjzpfawmh usp&maumif;wmyJ}
&S m;/ /]NyD;awmh cifAsm; ajymwJhtwkdif; vlaorSm vufarmif;rSmom usm;udkufwJh 'Pf&m&Sdw,f? wjcm;
'Pf&mr&Sdbl;? AdkufazmufNyD; tltonf;udkom pm;oGm;w,f? [kwfuJhrkdYvm;? NyD;awmh nu cifAsm;apmifhwmvJ
usm;rvmbl; [kwfvm;}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfw,fAsm? w,fvmp&maumif;wmyJ? bmaMumifh rvmw,frodbl;}
&S m;/ /]vlaoqDudk rvmbJ yxraeUu udktHhBuD;wkdU apmifhwJhvifhqDoGm;NyD; uRJaoaumifrsm; oGm;pm;aew,f
xifyg&JU}
uRefawmf/ /]'gawmh uRefawmf owd&w,f? tJ'DuRJaoaumifawmh jr§KyfNyD;yD? wpfjcm; taoaumifrsm;
oludkufxm;wm &Sdao;&ifjzihf rajymwwfbl;? 'gayr,fh vlom;pm;zl;wJh taumif[m vlom;xuf bmudkrS
rrufbl;? awmajymif;oGm;vkdU rvmwmxifygw,f}
&S m;/ /]usm;aoae&ifaum bmvmEdkifrvJ? aocsifaoaea&maygh}
uRefawmf/ /]usm; b,frSm aorSmvJAsm? ypfwJhvludkuvJ usm;xdatmif rypfbl;wJh? usm;aewJh ae&mESifh usnfqH
rSefwJh ae&mESifh ta0;BuD;yg}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm; ajymwmyJudk;? usm;[m vludk yufvufpm;&if aowwfw,fqkd}
uRefawmf/ /]'gawmhvJ jrefvGef;w,fq&m? wjznf;jznf;awmh aoaumif;yg&JU}
&S m;/ /]awmajcmufNyD; ypf&&if r&Edkifbl;vm;? ol 'Dem;rSm aerSmygyJ}
uRefawmf/ /]aevJ aewwfw,f? r&&ifvJ 'DnqufNyD; uRefawmf vifhapmifhay;ygOD;r,f}
&S m;/ /]'gjzifh vkyfAsm? vlpkyg? awmajcmuf&atmif a&eHqDykef;tvGwfwpfckvnf; ,lcJhAsm}

uRefawmf/ /]bmvkyfzkdUvJAs? oHyHk;wD; ajcmufzkdYvm;? vlawGatmfNyD; NcHKawGudk cJESifhayguf wkwfESifh½dkufqkd&ifawmh
xGufrSmygyJ? cifAsm;u ,lcJhqkd&ifvJ ,lcJh&wmaygh? udkif; armifausmfa& vlpkuGm? awmajcmuf&atmif oHyHk;wpfyHk;vJ
,lcJha[h}
armifausmfvnf; qefxnfh&ef tzHk;vkyfxm;aom oHyHk;ukd,lí &Gmom;q,fa,mufavmufudk pkNyD;
]udkif; q&m? vlpHkNyD? oGm;MupkdU}
[k qkdí udkpH&Sm;vnf; uRefawmfESifhtwl yxrvifhpifodkY xGufoGm;Muav\/ ukdtHhBuD;rSmrl ,aeUpmykdUoabFmESifh
rEÅav;NrdKUodkUoGm;NyD; arNrdKU (jyifOD;vGif) opfawmrif;BuD;½Hk;oGm;&ef &SdonfqkdNyD; uRefawmfwkdUESifh rvkdufbJ
tdrfwGifae&pfcJhav\/
a&S;OD;pGm vludk usm;udkufaom vifhukda&mufí vifhatmufokdU uRefawmfwkdUa&mufaomtcg udkpH&Sm;u ]'Dikwfu

bmikwfvJAs} [k uRefawmftm; ar;ojzifh uRefawmfu ]udkbwifvdrfhusaomae&m} [kajym&m ]b,fae&mu
vdrfhusovJ} [k xyfrHar;jyefav\/ uRefawmfuvnf; udktHhBuD; [kdwkef;u jyovkd ][kdudkif;ay:uwJhAsm} [k qkdNyD;
vufñdI;xkd;jy&jyef\/ jyyifjyaomfvnf; ukdtHhBuD;aomfvnf;aumif; uRefawmfaomfvnf;aumif;
vufñdI;xkd;jyaomae&mwGif opfudkif;r&Sdacs/ opfyifrBuD;rSm wnfhrwfpGmaygufaeav\/
ukdpH&Sm;onf xkd½kdufxm;aom ikwfuav;udk cGmum rwfwyf&yfNyD; tay:odkY wnfhwnfharmhMunfhNyD;rS
auseyfaomrsufESmxm;ESifh
]udkif;? cifAsm; nu apmifhwJh tavmif;qD oGm;&atmifAsm}
[k qkdojzifh qufvufoGm;Mu&m rsm;rMumrDyif tavmif;&Sd&modkY a&mufav\/
tavmif;udk aphaphMunfhNyD;rS udkpH&Sm;u
]usm;wpfaumif[m wpfcgpm;vQif b,favmufrsm;rsm; pm;EkdifwwfovJ}
[k ar;&m uRefawmfu
]uRJwpfaumif\ tltonf;udk ukefatmifpm;Ekdifwwfw,f? vlqkd&ifawmhAsm? av;a,mufavmufawmh tltonf;
csnf;qkd&if ukefrSmaygh}
[k ajymvdkuf&m wpfzef auseyfaom rsufESmxm;ESifh
]ukdif; cifAsm;wkdU usm;&Sdr,fxifwJhawm armif;prf;ygAsm}
[k ajymav\/
uRefawmfvnf; rkqkd;armifrJudkac:í awmarmif;&ef ief;qifNyD;vQif uRefawmfESifh udkpH&Sm;rSm reD;ra0;&Sd
tkdifem;uaeí apmifhrnfhtaMumif;ajymxm;cJhNyD; ¤if;ae&mokdU uRefawmfwkdU xGufvmcJhMuav\/
tkdifem;okdYa&mufaomtcg &THUaysmhwGifeif;xm;aom usm;ajc&mwkdUudk awGUojzihf OD;pH&Sm;tm; jyvkduf&m
]b,fwkef;u oGm;xm;wmvJ}
[k ar;ojzifh uRefawmfu
]tenf;qHk; 24 em&Davmufawmh &SdavmufNyD? &THUawmif awmfawmfajcmufaeNyD}
a&TOa'gif;
]'gjzifh olwkdUarmif;wJhawmxJrSm usm;&SdygOD;rvm;}

[k ar;jyef&m
]tjyefajc&m r&Sdawmhojzifh usm;&SdEkdifrnf rxif}
[k ajymaeckduf awmarmif;vmaeMuaom vloHrsm;udk Mum;&av\/
uRefawmfwkdUrSm usm;xGufvmrnf rxifojzihf pum;ajym&if; [kd[kd'D'DMunfhrdav&m uRefawmfwkdU apmifhaeaom
ae&maemufu vif;wwpfpkem;aeaom opfyifwpfyifudk udkpH&Sm;jrifvQif
]ukdodef;armif [kdyifay:rSm Munfhprf;Asm? enf;wJh vif;wawG r[kwfbl;}
[k qkdum uRefawmftm; jy&m vif;wtaumif tpdwfoHk;q,fem;aom opfyifajcmufBuD;udk jrif&av\/
]atmufrSm bmaoaumifrsm; &SdrvJ rod? oGm;Munfh&atmif}
[k ajymaeckduf awmarmif;aomolrsm;vnf; uRefawmfwkdY tem;okdY a&mufvmMu\/
vltm;vHk; pkrdrS uRefawmfu vif;wrsm;udk vlrsm;tm; jyNyD;
]tJ'D oGm;&atmif? wdwfwdwf cifAsm;wkdYu reD;ra0;u vkdufcJhMu}
[k rSmNyD; uRefawmfESifh udkpH&Sm;wkdUu a&SUu ¤if;opfyifajcmufBuD;&Sd&mokdY oGm;Muav\/
opfyifESifh tawmif 30 avmuf uGmaomtcg opfyif\atmufwGif usm;BuD;udk jrifvQifjrifvkdufjcif; uRefawmf\
vufwGifygaom aoewfajymif;udk wef;vkduf\/ wpfatmifh aocsmatmif MunfhNyD;rS usm;tdyfaeonfhaemufydkif;u
jzpfaeonfukd od&ojzifh ukdpH&Sm;tm;
]raMumufESifhaemf ? aemufydkif;udk ypfvkdY tvum;yJ? usm;emjzpfae&if omqkd;vdrfhr,f? a&SUydkif;acgif;udk ypf&atmif?
[kdbufudk ajcoHrMum;atmif oGm;pkdY? onftaumifrsdK; tvGefttdyfBuD;w,f}
[k qkdNyD;aemuf vlrsm;aemufxyfrvkdufvmatmif vufjyvkdufaomtcg olwkdUvnf; opfyifudk wufolwuf?
aemufokdY jyefajy;olajy; jzpfukefMu\/
uRefawmfwkdUESpfa,mufrSm ajcoHrMum;atmif tom usm;ab;u uGif;NyD; usm;OD;acgif;bufodkY vSnfhoGm;pOf
avatmufokdYa&mufvmonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf tykyfeHYwkdUudk &av\/
OD;acgif;bufuaeí teD;okdU uyfEkdifoa&GUuyfpOf tykyfeHYvnf; ykdíeHvmav\/ aoaocsmcsm Munfhaomtcg
usm;rSm 0rf;AkduftvGefazmif;aeonfudk awGU&ojzifh aoaeaMumif;udk od&\/ usm;aoaeonfudk odonfESifh
wpfNydKifeuf uRefawmfwkdUonf usm;BuD;tem;okdY wkd;íoGm;\/ uRefawmfwkdU usm;em;okdU a&mufaeonfudk
jrifMuaomtcg ygvmaomvltm;vHk;wkdUonf 0kdif;ívmMu\/
rkqkd;armifrJu
]'Dusm; tppfygyJAsm? a[m[kd b,fvufu vufwpfacsmif; r&Sdbl;? ol trSefygyJ}
[k ajymav\/ ukdpH&Sm;url usm;udk aocsmatmif pkdufMunfhNyD;
]onfbufuawmh 'Pf&mr&Sdbl;? [kdbufukd vSefvkdufprf;yg}
[k ckdif;í Munfh&m txufuenf;wlyif 'Pf&mrsm; rawGU&Muacs/
ukdpH&Sm;u 0rf;udkcGJNyD; usm;tlawGudk uRefawmfwkdU ,lcJhonfh oHyHk;xJrSm xnfhprf;yg[k qkdí 0rf;AdkufudkcGJNyD;
tlrsm;tm;vHk;udk oHyHk;xJokdU xnfhNyD; uRefawmfu wjcm;bmrsm; vkdcsifao;ovJ[k ar;&m
]bmrQ rvkdcsifawmhbl;? &Gmudkom jyefMupkdU}

[k ajymí uRefawmfwkdUtm;vHk; &GmokdU jyefcJhav\/
&GmodkUa&mufaomtcg ukdpH&Sm;u ukdtHhBuD;udk ac:prf;yg ckdif;ojzihf armifausmfoGm;í ac:&m ¤if;\rdef;ru
udktHhBuD; ,aeYpmydkUoabFmESifh rEÅav;vkdufNyD; arNrdKU (jyifOD;vGif) okdU oGm;rnfhtaMumif; ajymvkduf&m udkpH&Sm;onf
em&DudkMunfhí
]ck 10 em&Dxkd;NyD? avSwpfpif; tjrefiSm;yg? uRefawmf tif;&GmtjrefoGm;csifw,f} ajymí avSwpfpif;udk tjrefiSm;NyD;
usm;tlxnfhaom oHyHk;udk tzHk;ESifhydwfí avSxJxnfhNyD;vQif uRefawmfwkdUESifh twl tif;&GmodkU pkefcJhMu\/
wpfem&Davmufpkefí tif;&GmodkY a&mufcgeD;ü {&m0wDjrpftwGif; txufu pkefvmaom pmydkYoabFmBuD;udk
jrif&av\/
OD;pH&Sm;u avSudk urf;yg;okdU tjrefuyfcdkif;NyD; bkdwJwGif tifpydwfawmfrif; &Sdaeao;ovm; pHkprf;NyD; &SdaeaMumif;
od&ojzifh uRefawmftm; vkdufcJh&efvufjyNyD; bkdwJay:okdU wufoGm;av\/
OD;cefUawGUonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf
]udkif; q&m ? udkbwifudk owfwJh w&m;cHawG vmzrf;ayawmh}

[k ajymvkduf&m OD;cefUu
]rvkyfygESifhq&m? usm;udk zrf;&rSmvm;? 'gawmh rpGrf;bl;q&m}
[k jyefajymav\/
&S m;/ /]&,fp&m ajymwm r[kwfbl;As? jrefjrefvkyf vGwfoGm;ukefvdrfhr,f? ck oabFmay:a&mufukefMuNyD}

cefU / /]t[kwfvm;Asm? a[h ykvdyfom;ESpfa,muf vkdufcJhMu}
[k ac:NyD; uRefawmfwkdUESifhtwl bkdwJay:u qif;NyD; oabFmokdU oGm;Muav\/
oabFmrSm tif;&Gmqdyfurf;wGif acwåomqkdufí xGufcGm&ef OMoay;aeav\/ uRefawmfwkdU

oabFmay:okdYwufrnftjyKwGif oabFmukef;abmif wpfcsyfomusefí ukef;abmifxdyfwGif rwfwyf&yfaeaom
uyÜDweftm; vufjyNyD; wufoGm;Mu&\/ uyÜDweftm; uRefawmfwkdY tvkd&Sdaom w&m;cHrsm; ,ck oabFmay:rSm
&Sdí zrf;vkdygonf? oabFmcPrQapmifhay;&ef OD;cefUu ajymojzifh uyÜDwefESifh rmvdefwkdYvnf; uRefawmfwkdU oGm;&m
'kwd,cef;okdY vkdufvmav\/
tumr&Sdaom oabFmyJh 'kwd,cef; pm;yGJcef;rS ukdtHhBuD;rSm uRefawmfwkdU wufvmonfudk jrifvQif a&v,fbufokdU
ajymif;í oHwkdifudk udkifum Munfhaeav\/ rat;&SifrSmvnf; ukdtHhBuD;tem;rSm &yfvsuf aeav\/ uRefawmfwkdY
yJhykdif;okdUa&mufaomtcg udkpH&Sm;onf ra,mifrvnfvkyfNyD; udktHhBuD; tem;okdU uyfoGm;av\/
OD;cefUu ]udktHhBuD;wkdU b,fudk vkdufrvJ} [k ar;vkduf&m ]uRefawmfwkdY arNrdKU (jyifOD;vGif) udk oGm;rvkdYyg} [k
jyefajymav\/ xkdtcg OD;cefYu ]rvkdufygESifhOD;Asm? ukdbwifudk owfonfhtrIrSm cifAsm;udk w&m;cHtjzpfESifh
uRefawmfzrf; ... } [lírS pum;rqHk;rD rDSaeaom 0&efwmudk ausmfí a&v,fbufokdY ckefcsvkduf&m ukdpH&Sm;rSm
vufjrefolwpfa,mufjzpfí vufwpfbufudk zrf;rdvkdufav\/
a&TOa'gif;
ukdtHhBuD; oabFmeHab;wGif wGJavmif;aepOf ]vmyg ? vmyg ? qGJwifyg} [k udkpH&Sm;u atmfojzifh uRefawmf? OD;cefY
wkdYyg ulnDqGJwif&m oabFmay:odkY jyefa&mufav\/ OD;cefUuvJ ygvmaom trIxrf;ykvdyfwkdUvufokdY tyfvdkuf&m
vufxdyfcwfí rat;&Sifudkyg ac:cJhMu\/
oabFmay:u qif;í bkdwJay:okdY a&mufMuaomtcg ukdpH&Sm;u ]'DoHyHk;[m oufaoygyJ? 'gudk "mwkaA'½Hk;om
ykdYvkdufygawmh} [k ajymajymqkdqkdESifh qif;cJhMu\/
uRefawmf\ tdrfokdY ukdpH&Sm;ESifh twl a&mufMuaomtcg armyef;vSMuí vufzuf&nfaomuf&if; ,cktjzpftysuf
wkdYukd ukdpH&Sm;tm; ar;&awmh\/
uRefawmf/ /]udkpH&Sm;&,f? cifAsm; vkyfyHku b,fhES,f[mvJ? uRefawmfjzifh em;rvnfEkdifbl;? usm;udkufaoygw,f
qkdwm udktHhBuD;ESifh rat;&Sif owfygw,fqkdNyD; zrf;w,f? bmqkdifovJAsm}
&S m;/ /]usm;udkufvkdY aowmr[kwfbl;? tqdyfaomufaowJh vludk pm;rdvkdY usm;aowmAs}
uRefawmf/ /]tif; [kwfvdrfhr,fAsdKU? usm;rSm 'Pf&mr&Sdbl;? 'gayrJhAsm udkbwifudk udktHhBuD;u tqdyfwkdufw,f
qkdwm cifAsm; b,fhES,fvkyfodEkdifovJ}
&S m;/ /]wpfckpD ar;rae&atmif uRefawmf tukefpDpOfNyD; ajymygr,f? [kwfEkdif r[kwfEkdifukd cifAsm;
pOf;pm;em;axmifayawmhAsm ...
.. ukdtHhBuD;ESifh rat;&Sif BudKufaeMuw,fqkdwm trSefyJ r[kwfvm;}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfuJh qkdygawmh}
&S m;/ /]ukdtHhBuD;u udkbwif rvkdufcsifbJESifh usm;ypf&atmifqkdNyD; ac:oGm;w,f r[kwfvm;? olUrdef;ruvJ
vkduf&atmif ajr§mufay;w,fr[kwfvm;}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfuJh}
&S m;/ /]twloGm;awmh udktHhBuD;tdrfu 0DpuD,lcJhw,f r[kwfvm;? 'D 0DpuDudk ESpfykvif; tdrfu uwnf;u
cGJ,loGm;w,f r[kwfvm;}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfuJh}
&S m;/ /]tJ'Duwnf;u udkbwifudk ay;r,fhykvif;xJukd tqdyfcwfvkdufwmaygh? NyD;awmh vifhay:rSm
aMumufw,fqkdawmh ukdtHhBuD;uyJ t&ufaomufckdif;ao;w,fr[kwfvm;}
&S m;/ /]tqdyfu trsdK;rsdK; &Sdw,fAs? wpfcsdKUu acG;trJvHk;ypfwJh tqdyfrsm;[m aomufNyD; ESpfrdepftwGif;
aoEkdifw,f? eJeJuav; oHk;&w,f? t&omvJ r&Sdbl;? ta&mifvJ r&Sdbl;? t&ufESihfa&mxm;&if b,folrS
rodEkdifbl;? aemuf vifhatmuf uRefawmfu b,fae&mu vdrfhusovJvkdY ar;awmh cifAsm;uvJ ukdtHhBuD;
jywJhtwkdif; 'Dopfudkif;ay:u usw,fqkdNyD; vufñdI;xkd;jyw,f? cifAsm; jywJhae&mrSm opfudkif;vJ r&Sdbl;As ...
... NyD;awmh uRefawmfu ikwfuav;ay:u cGNyD; armhMunfhw,f r[kwfvm;? tJ'gwpfjcm; r[kwfbl;? ol uswJhae&m
trSwfay:u wnfhwnfharmhMunfhawmh b,fae&mu uscJhw,fqkdwm odwmayghAsm? Munfhvkdufawmh wjcm;ae&mu
r[kwfbl;As? udkbwif xkdifapmihfaewJh ae&mwnfhwnfh vifhpifay:u uswmyJAs? b,fopfudkif;ay:u acsmfuswmrS
r[kwfbl;As}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfvdrfhr,fAsdKU}
&S m;/ /]NyD;awmh usm;udkufwJhae&mrS aoG;wpfpufrS rawGUbl;vkdU cifAsm; ajymw,f}
&S m;/ /]vlt&Sifudkom usm;rqkdxm;ESifh aMumifudkuf&ifawmifrS aoG;awmh xGuf&OD;rSmayghAs}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfw,fAsm? usKyfvJ pOf;pm;awmh pOf;pm;ygao;w,f? awG;vkdYudk r&bl;}
&S m;/ /]tJ'Dawmh uscJhwm t&Sifaumif r[kwfEkdifbl;? taoaumifjzpf&r,f}
uRefawmf/ /][kwfrSmyJAsdKU}
&S m;/ /]'Daemuf cifAsm;apmihfwJh vifha&mufawmh tavmif;rSm 'Pf&mMunfhMuw,f r[kwfvm;}
&S m;/ /]vufarmif;uvGJNyD; 'Pf&mr&Sdbl; [kwfvm;}
&S m;/ /]cifAsm;yJ ajymw,fr[kwfvm;? usm;rsm;[m bmaumifudk rqkd udkuf&if vnfyif;udk udkufowfw,fvkdY
qkdw,f r[kwfvm;}
uRefawmf/ /]'DvkdyJ usKyfawmh odwmyJ}
&S m;/ /][kwfygw,fAs? 'Dusm;usrS vufarmif;udk udkufowfwmr[kwfygbl;? vufarmif;'Pf&muawmh
taoaumifqGJ,lcJhwmyg? pm;wmuawmh tltonf;uav;wGif pm;NyD; wpfaumifvHk;xm;cJhw,f? wu,fvkdY
0oGm;&ifawmif cifAsm;apmihfwJh nxdatmifawmh tpmrpm;bJ raeEkdifygbl;? 'Dusm; raoao;&if 'Dtaoaumif
vmpm;vkdY 'Dusm; cifAsm; ypf&rSmaygh? cifAsm; wpfnvHk;apmifhwm rvmbl;qkdawmh usKyfu 'Dusm; trSefaoaeNyD?
ao&ifvJ aoewfrSefvdkY r[kwf? [kdwkef;u udktHhBuD;ypfwkef;uvJ vludkrSefrSmpkd;vkdY wpfjcm;udk acsmfypf&w,f
ajymw,f r[kwfvm; ...
... 'Dawmh 'Dusm;[m trSef tqdyfaomufaowJhvludk pm;rdvkdY aow,fvkdY awG;&wmaygh? usKyfawG;wJhtwkdif;
rSefaew,f r[kwfbl;vm;}
&S m;/ /]usm;vifhatmuf ra&mufcifuwnf;u ukdbwif aoaew,f? usm;vmawmh uefcsvkdufwmaygh?
bmcufovJ? usm;uvJ tvG,fwul aumuf,loGm;rSmaygh}
uRefawmf/ /]cifAsm;wGufwJh tpDtpOfuawmh rSefygNyDqkdygawmh? okdYaomf udktHhBuD;[m rat;&Sifudk BudKufvkdYvkyfNyD
xm;ygawmh? rat;&Sifukd bmaMumifh ESpf w&m;cH xm;ovJAs}
&S m;/ /]olukd,fwkdifu vifhapmifhoGm;zkdU&m wkdufwGef;w,f r[kwfvm;? 'DtBuH olodrSmaygh? udkif; ckMunfhygvm;?
vifhtavmif;ukd roN*ØK[fcJhbJ awmxJxm;ypfcJhNyD; udktHhBuD;ESifh arNrdKU (jyifOD;vGif) udk vkdufoGm;rvkdYwJhAs? olwkdUukd
zrf;r,fvkyfawmh a&xJckefqif;aor,f vkyfao;wmyJ? uRefawmf apmapmxJu ol ae&majymif;wmudk &dyfrdvkdY
olUtem;udk uyfaewmayghAs? uRefawmfom olUtem;rSm r&Sd&if ckaecg onftrI ydwfvkduf&awmhrSmyJ}
[k &Sif;vif;atmif ajymjyrSyJ uRefawmfrSm em;vnfEkdifawmhownf;/
NyD;ygNyD/
______

Shwe Oo Daung - Maung San Shar Short Stories Vol 2

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Shwe Oo Daung - Maung San Shar Short Stories Vol 2

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

a&TOa'gif;

]] þ pHkaxmufarmifpH&Sm; 0w¦Kwdkrsm; tm;vHk;onf pma&;q&mwifaqGrdk;ESifh ,aeY rEåav;pmtkyfwdkuf

""" pmrlcGifhjyKcsuftrSwf 71/ 2001(1)? rsufESmzHk;cGifhjyKcsuftrSwf 50/ 2002(1)? yxrtBudrf?

Commercial use of this book will be at your own risk

]]]] pdf rSwfwrf; ]]]]

]] MMCP pdf Creator Group rSwifqifonf ]]

Commercial use of this book will be at your own risk

1/ wpfuRef;jyefwpfa,muftrIü armifpH&Sm; pHkaxmufyHk ................................................................................... 6

29/ ya&mfzufqm q&mBuD; OD;xGef;azESifh &ifqkdif&jcif; ..............................................................................395

1/ wpfuRef;jyefwpfa,muftrIü armifpH&Sm; pHkaxmufyHk

xdktcg uRefawmfvnf; uRefawmf\ a&SUü rdef;uav;onf pum;pHkvifpGm ajym&rnfudk aMumuf&GHUrnfpdk;ojzifh

&S m;/ /]oli,fr tazuaum twlwlyJvm;}

],aeUn 8em&D tcsdefwGif ypfcsm;yJavpfh t&dyfj yyGJ½Hka&SUodkU tazmfESpfa,mufESifh vmcJhygav/

ñGefU/ /]uRefrjzifh b,fhES,fvkyf&r,f rodwwfvdkU tudkBuD;qD vm&jcif; jzpfygw,f&Sif}

rdef;r[mvnf; tifrwefacsmvSwJh rdef;rwpfa,mufayghAs? [dkwpfaeUu vltdk½HktwGuf aiGig;axmif xnfhvdkufwJh

tazqHk;jcif;tm;jzifh epfemjcif; cH&&Smw,fqdk&if onfuJhodkU epfemjcif;rS vGwfuif;atmif ulnD&atmif[m ,ckwdkif

½Hka&SUodkU a&mufavvQif arSmif&dyfrS vlwpfa,mufonf ½kwfw&uf xGufay:vmNyD;vQif uRefawmfwdkU &Sd&modkU

ñGefU/ /]rSefygw,f&Sif? onfu OD;pH&Sm;wJh? onf[mu OD;odef;armifwJh}

ygvSacsuvm;vdkU tHhMordyg&JU? tHhMoaomfvnf; b,fenf;ESifh &&av? aumif;aumif;rGefrGef ae&xdkif&vdkU vSvSyy

xrf;&GufaeMuwkef; igwdkU ESpfa,mufypönf; b@mrsm;pGmwdkUudk twlwuG &&SdMuw,f? b,fyHk b,fenf;ESifh

om;a&tdwfawG tukefvHk; arTxm;vdkufwm yGaewmyJ cifAs/ NyD;awmhvnf; tazhtavmif;rSm wG,ftyfESifh

xdkaemuf armifbdk;uJvnf; t0wfrsm; vJvS,fí uRefawmfwdkU av;OD;om;onf ,cifu armfawmfum;ESifh

va&mifwGif jrif&onfhtcg ½IHUrJhí aeonfxufyifvQif aMumufrufzG,f aumif;vSay\/ xdkaMumufrufzG,f

]NyD;ygNyDAsm? ypönf;awG ygoGm;ukefNyD q&mwdkUa&? ypönf;awG ygoGm;NyD cifAs? rsufESmMuuf taygufjrif&JUvm;?

uRefawmf/ /]wufEdkifp&m &Sdygw,fAsm}

&S m;/ /]onfql;rsdK; cifAsm; jrifzl;&JUvm;}

bdk;uJjyefoGm;NyD;wJhaemuf bdk;&GJ[m b,folESifhrSvJ rawGU&bl;? olUtdyf&mrSmvnf; tdyfwJh vu©Pm r&Sdbl;? bdk;&GJ

]onfhjyifwpfa,mufvl[muawmh awmfawmfxl;qef;wJhvlwpfa,mufyJ? odkUaomf rMumrDtwGif; olwdkU ESpfa,muf

vrf;eHab;wGif &yfvsuf &Sdaom vSnf;i,fuav;odkU ajy;oGm;í vufajcwdkUjzifh ukwfjcpfum jrnfatmfvsuf

ppfajrjyifü vlowfrI jzpfyGm;jcif;taMumif;

uRefawmf/ /]onfowif;pm 1917 ckESpfu owif;pmyguvm;As}

]tef 'ref ac: wpf uRef;om;vl½dkif ;rsm;taMumif; }

&S m;/ /]udkif; b,fhES,fvJ udkodef;armif}

¤if;nOfhü uRefawmfonf þtrI\ taMumif;udkaomf vnf;aumif;? vufOD; trI&Sifjzpfol q&mr rESif;ñGefU\

]usKyfudk,fusKyf ½kyfzsufenf; awmfawmfwwfw,fvdkUawmh xifrdyg&JU? odkUaomf onfavmufawmif aumif;rSef;awmh

]udkif; 'vbufudk armif;a[h} [k ajymojzifh armfawmfbkwfvnf; xGufvmcJhav\/ ¤if;aemuf {&m0wDukrÜPD

]a,mufsm;uyJ udkrdk;oD;&,f? onfavmuf tm;i,fvdkU jzpfEkdif½dk;vm;? a&mhAsm aq;vdyfrsm; aomufygOD;} [k ajymí

n 11 em&DtcsdefcefUwGif uRefawmfwdkU tdrfodkU qdkufa&mufMuavvQif ykvdyfESpfa,mufESihf tifpydwfawmfwdkUvnf;

&wmudk;As? onfvdkESihf qdk;qdk;ayay avavvGifhvGifhESifhaecJh? vGefcJhwJh ppfBuD;twGif;rSm ppfrIxrf;zdkU tpdk;&u vltpk

uRefawmfhtem;vJ a&mufua&m uRefawmfu ukvm;uav;udk oem;aomfvnf; olUypönf; vdkcsifwmwpfaMumif;

tifrwefowdESifhaeavawmh olUtoufjzKwfzdkU BuHvdkUudkr&bl;cifAs? onfvdkESifhaewkef; wpfaeUoü ol tonf;

2/ armifpH&Sm;onf tb,faMumifh vlysdKBuD;vkyfí aeygoenf;

uRefawmfonf "mwfyHkudk MunfhNyD;aemuf armifpH&Sm;vufodkU jyeftyfí xdkrdef;r\ t*Fg½kyfudk csD;rGrf;ajymqdkav&m

jr/ /]b,foGm;r,fvdkUvJ rajymEkdifbl; ESr}

"m;wef; &yfü xl;qef;aom vlowfrI jzpfyGm;jcif;taMumif;

]OD; MumñG efUa&mufvmaomtcgü wdkufwHcg;onf aumif;rGefpGmydwfqdkUvsuf&Sdonf[k awGUjrif &onf

wdkifyif ar;jref;&ef &Sdí uRefrwdkUtdrfodkU ,aeUn qufqufvmcJ hyg udkudkjr/

armifausmfjronf xkdpmudk&&Sdaomtcg oGm;&rnf roGm;&rnfudk twefMumatmif pOf;pm;NyD;aemuf aemufqHk;ü

BuD;/ /]uRefr wpfck ar;csifw,f? udkudk rSefrSef ajymrvm;}

BuD;/ /]uRefr ar;wmudk ajzygOD; udkudkjr&JU}

tdrfodkU a&mufonfESifh wNydKifeuf armifausmfjronf pm;yGJü pm&Gufi,fwpfckudk awGU&Sdav&m ¤if;rSm

]ta&;BuD;aom udpöwpfckESifh wd kifyif&ef vma&mufcJh&m rdwfaqGESifh rawGU&í 0rf;enf;aMumif;?

¤if;pmudk zwf½I&aomtcg armifausmfjronf rsufESmysufí oGm;av\/ armifxGef;jrifh qdkolrSm a&SUaevkyfief;ESifh

xdkacgif;pOfudk awGUjrifonfESifh wNydKifeuf armifausmfjronf ¤if;owif;pmudk blwm½kH&Sd pmtkyfqdkifrS

]"m;wef;&yf vlowfrI ESifh pyfvsOf; í pHkaxmufbufqdkif&m tifpydwfawmf armifbwifESifh |metkyf

qHk;½IH;&onf[k rSwfxifaMumif;? ¤if;tqdyf onf pm;&aom tqdyfr[kwf? aoG;ES ifha&maESmatmif

jrifh / /]usDpm;NyD; ar;wmygAsm? pHkaxmuf tifpydwfawmf udkbwifu onftaMumif;udk cifAsm; odvdrfhr,fvdkU

pmudkzwf½INyD;aemuf pHkaxmuf tifpydwfawmf armifbwifonf |memtkyf armifoef;azESifh wdkifyifMu&m

jrifh / /]'DudpörSm cifAsm;oabm b,fvdk&ovJ}

Munf/ /]rSefygw,f? udkausmfjr wpfa,muf &Sdygovm;&Sif}

xdkcPü OD;jrwfomonf {nfhonfrsm;twGuf umzDESifh rkefUyGJrsm; jyifqifum ,lvmNyD;aemuf

]aps;csdK pmwdkufAdkvfrS aus;Zll;jyKí

[k a&;om;yg&Sdonfudk awGU&Sd&av\/ ¤if;aemuf rdrdBuD;onf pmwdkufAdkvftm; aus;Zl;wifpum; ajymMum;í

armifausmfjronf rdrdtBuHtpnfudk a&SUaearmifxGef;jrifh &dyfrdod&Sdrnf pdk;&drfojzifh rEÅav;NrdKUrS a&SmifcGmí