Calorimeter The worlds first ice-calorimeter, used in the winter of 1782-83, by Antoine Lavoisier and Pierre-Simon Laplace, to determine

the heat evolved in various chemical changes; calculations which were based on Joseph Blacks prior discovery of latent heat. These experiments mark the foundation of thermochemistry. A calorimeter is a device used for calorimetry, the science of measuring the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes as well as heat capacity. The word calorimeter is derived from the Latin word calor, meaning heat. Differential scanning calorimeters, isothermal microcalorimeters, titration calorimeters and accelerated rate calorimeters are among the most common types. A simple calorimeter just consists of a thermometer attached to a metal container full of water suspended above a combustion chamber. To find the enthalpy change per mole of a substance A in a reaction between two substances A and B, the substances are added to a calorimeter and the initial and final temperatures (before the reaction started and after it has finished) are noted. Multiplying the temperature change by the mass and specific heat capacities of the substances gives a value for the energy given off or absorbed during the reaction. Dividing the energy change by how many moles of A were present gives its enthalpy change of reaction. This method is used primarily in academic teaching as it describes the theory of calorimetry. It does not account for the heat loss through the container or the heat capacity of the thermometer and container itself. In addition, the object placed inside the calorimeter show that the objects transferred their heat to the calorimeter and into the liquid, and the heat absorbed by the calorimeter and the liquid is equal to the heat given off by the metals. [edit] Adiabatic calorimeters An Adiabatic calorimeter is a calorimeter used to examine a runaway reaction. Since the calorimeter runs in an adiabatic environment, any heat generated by the material sample under test causes the sample to increase in temperature, thus fuelling the reaction. No adiabatic calorimeter is truly adiabatic - some heat will be lost by the sample to the sample holder. Examples of adiabatic calorimeters are:-

THT EV-Accelerating Rate Calorimeter[1] HEL Phi-Tec[2] A simple Dewar flask Systag FlexyTSC[3] a successor of their SIKAREX unit - the electronics of which could be used to apply a feedback system to heat the sample holder to give a result closer to true adiabaticy, however as the sample holder is an open ended glass tube, one soon loses the sample as a great deal of smoke.

[edit] Reaction calorimeters Main article: Reaction calorimeters A reaction calorimeter is a calorimeter in which a chemical reaction is initiated within a closed insulated container. Reaction heats are measured and the total heat is obtained by integrating heatflow versus time. This is the standard used in industry to measure heats since industrial processes are engineered to run at constant temperatures. Reaction calorimetry can also be used to determine maximum heat release rate for chemical process engineering and for tracking the global kinetics of reactions. There are four main methods for measuring the heat in reaction calorimeter: [edit] Heat flow calorimetry The cooling/heating jacket controls either the temperature of the process or the temperature of the jacket. Heat is measured by monitoring the temperature difference between heat transfer fluid and the process fluid. In addition fill volumes (i.e. wetted area), specific heat, heat transfer coefficient have to be determined to arrive at a correct value. It is possible with this type of calorimeter to do reactions at reflux, although the accuracy is not as good. [edit] Heat balance calorimetry The cooling/heating jacket controls the temperature of the process. Heat is measured by monitoring the heat gained or lost by the heat transfer fluid. [edit] Power compensation Power compensation uses a heater placed within the vessel to maintain a constant temperature. The energy supplied to this heater can be varied as reactions require and the calorimetry signal is purely derived from this electrical power.

[edit] Constant flux Constant flux calorimetry (or COFLUX as it is often termed) is derived from heat balance calorimetry and uses specialized control mechanisms to maintain a constant heat flow (or flux) across the vessel wall. [edit] Bomb calorimeter Bomb calorimeter A bomb calorimeter is a type of constantvolume calorimeter used in measuring the heat of combustion of a particular reaction. Bomb calorimeters have to withstand the large pressure within the calorimeter as the reaction is being measured. Electrical energy is used to ignite the fuel; as the fuel is burning, it will heat up the surrounding air, which expands and escapes through a tube that leads the air out of the calorimeter. When the air is escaping through the copper tube it will also heat up the water outside the tube. The temperature of the water allows for calculating calorie content of the fuel. In more recent calorimeter designs, the whole bomb, pressurized with excess pure oxygen (typically at 30atm) and containing a known mass of sample (typically 1-1.5 g) and a small fixed amount of water (to absorb produced acid gases), is submerged under a known volume of water (ca. 2000 ml) before the charge is (again electrically) ignited. The bomb, with sample and oxygen, form a closed system - no air escapes during the reaction. The energy released by the combustion raises the temperature of the steel bomb, its contents, and the surrounding water jacket. The temperature change in the water is then accurately measured. This temperature rise, along with a bomb factor (which is dependent on the heat capacity of the metal bomb parts) is used to calculate the energy given out by the sample burn. A small correction is made to account for the electrical energy input, the burning fuse, and acid production (by titration of the residual liquid). After the temperature rise has been measured, the excess pressure in the bomb is released.

Also, total internal energy change U(total) = U(system) + U(surroundings) = 0 U(system) = - U(surroundings) = -Cv T (constant volume dV = 0) where Cv = heat capacity of the bomb Before the bomb can be used to determine heat of combustion of any compound, it must be calibrated. The value of Cv can be estimated by Cv (calorimeter) = m (water). Cv (water) + m (steel). Cv (steel) m (water) and m (steel) can be measured; Cv(water)= 1 cal/g.K Cv(steel)= 0.1 cal/g.K In laboratory, Cv is determined by running a compound with known heat of combustion value: Cv = Hc/T Common compounds are benzoic acid (Hc = 6318 cal/g), p-methyl benzoic acid (Hc = 6957 cal/g) Temperature (T) is recorded every minute and T = T(final) - T(initial) A small factor contributes to the correction of the total heat of combustion is the fuse wire. Nickle fuse wire is often used and has heat of combustion = 0.9813 kcal/g In order to calibrate the bomb, a small amount (~ 1 g) of benzoic acid, or p-methyl benzoic acid is weighed. A length of Nickle fuse wire (~10 cm) is weighed both before and after the combustion process. Mass of fuse wire burned m = m(before) - m(after) The combustion of sample (benzoic acid) inside the bomb Hc = Hc (benzoic acid) x m (benzoic aicd) + Hc (Ni fuse wire) x m (Ni fuse wire) Hc = Cv. T Cv = Hc/T Once Cv value of the bomb is determined, the bomb is ready to use to calculate heat of combustion of any compounds by Hc = Cv. T [edit] Constant-pressure calorimeter A constant-pressure calorimeter measures the change in enthalpy of a reaction occurring in solution during which the atmospheric pressure remains constant. An example is a coffee-cup calorimeter, which is constructed from two nested

Basically, a bomb calorimeter consists of a small cup to contain the sample, oxygen, a stainless steel bomb, water, a stirrer, a thermometer, the dewar (to prevent heat flow from the calorimeter to the surroundings) and ignition circuit connected to the bomb. Since there is no heat exchange between the calorimeter and surroundings Q = 0 (adiabatic) ; no work performed W = 0 Thus, the total internal energy change U(total) = Q + W = 0

Styrofoam cups having holes through which a thermometer and a stirring rod can be inserted. The inner cup holds the solution in which of the reaction occurs, and the outer cup provides insulation. Then

When suddenly heat is absorbed by the sample (e.g., when the sample melts), the signal will respond and exhibit a peak.

where Cp = Specific heat at constant pressure H = Enthalpy of solution T = Change in temperature W = mass of solute M = molecular mass of solute [edit] Differential scanning calorimeter Main article: Differential scanning calorimetry In a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), heat flow into a sampleusually contained in a small aluminium capsule or 'pan'is measured differentially, i.e., by comparing it to the flow into an empty reference pan. In a heat flux DSC, both pans sit on a small slab of material with a known (calibrated) heat resistance K. The temperature of the calorimeter is raised linearly with time (scanned), i.e., the heating rate dT/dt = is kept constant. This time linearity requires good design and good (computerized) temperature control. Of course, controlled cooling and isothermal experiments are also possible. Heat flows into the two pans by conduction. The flow of heat into the sample is larger because of its heat capacity Cp. The difference in flow dq/dt induces a small temperature difference T across the slab. This temperature difference is measured using a thermocouple. The heat capacity can in principle be determined from this signal:

From the integral of this peak the enthalpy of melting can be determined, and from its onset the melting temperature. Differential scanning calorimetry is a workhorse technique in many fields, particularly in polymer characterization. A modulated temperature differential scanning calorimeter (MTDSC) is a type of DSC in which a small oscillation is imposed upon the otherwise linear heating rate. This has a number of advantages. It facilitates the direct measurement of the heat capacity in one measurement, even in (quasi-)isothermal conditions. It permits the simultaneous measurement of heat effects that are reversible and not reversible at the timescale of the oscillation (reversing and non-reversing heat flow, respectively). It increases the sensitivity of the heat capacity measurement, allowing for scans at a slow underlying heating rate. Safety Screening:- DSC may also be used as an initial safety screening tool. In this mode the sample will be housed in a nonreactive crucible (often Gold, or Gold plated steel), and which will be able to withstand pressure (typically up to 100 bar). The presence of an exothermic event can then be used to assess the stability of a substance to heat. However, due to a combination of relatively poor sensitivity, slower than normal scan rates (typically 23/min - due to much heavier crucible) and unknonwn activation energy, it is necessary to deduct about 75-100C from the initial start of the observed exotherm to suggest a maximum temperature for the material. A much more accurate data set can be obtained from an adiabatic calorimeter, but such a test may take 2-3 days from ambient at a rate of 3C increment per half hour. [edit] Isothermal titration calorimeter Main article: Isothermal Titration Calorimetry In an isothermal titration calorimeter, the heat of reaction is used to follow a titration experiment. This permits determination of the mid point (stoichiometry) (N) of a reaction as well as its enthalpy (delta H), entropy (delta S)

Note that this formula (equivalent to Newton's law of heat flow) is analogous to, and much older than, Ohm's law of electric flow: V = R dQ/dt = R I.

and of primary concern the binding affinity (Ka) The technique is gaining in importance particularly in the field of biochemistry, because it facilitates determination of substrate binding to enzymes. The technique is commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry to characterize potential drug candidates. [edit] X-ray microcalorimeter Main article: X-ray astronomy

In particle physics, a calorimeter is a component of a detector that measures the energy of entering particles.

X ray microcalorimeter diagram In 1982, a new approach to non-dispersive Xray spectroscopy, based on the measurement of heat rather than charge, was proposed by Moseley et al. (1984). The detector, and Xray microcalorimeter, works by sensing the heat pulses generated by X-ray photons when they are absorbed and thermalized. The temperature increase is directly proportional to photon energy. This invention combines high detector efficiency with high energy resolution, mainly achievable because of the low temperature of operation. Microcalorimeters have a lowheat-capacity mass that absorbs incident Xray (UV, visible, or near IR) photons, a weak link to a low-temperature heat sink which provides the thermal isolation needed for a temperature rise to occur, and a thermometer to measure change in temperature. Following these ideas, a large development effort started. The first astronomical spacecraft that was designed, built and launched with embarqued cryogenic microcalorimeters was Astro-E. NASA as well as ESA have plans for future missions (e.g., IXO) that will use some sort of microcalorimeters.[6] [edit] Heat-loss calorimeter

SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTIONS AND CONCENTRATES MSDS Number: S4040 --- Effective Date: 08/20/98

1. Product Identification Synonyms: Sodium hydroxide, 0.2 to 2.0 normal volumetric solutions; DILUT-IT(R) analytical concentrates; Sodium Hydroxide Concentrate Solution StandARd(R) CAS No.: 1310-73-2 Molecular Weight: 40.00 Chemical Formula: NaOH in water Product Codes: J.T. Baker: 0328, 0329, 4687, 4691, 4715, 5633, 5634, 5635, 5636, 5638, 5665, 5667 Mallinckrodt: 4693, H361, H364, H377, H380, H635, V027

2. Composition/Information on Ingredients

Cross-section view of a heat-loss calorimeter. The heat developed inside the cell is collected by the inner copper cup. Then, it flows through the silicone-rubber which serves as a thermal resistor and the outer copper cup, to the flowing water surrounding the outer copper cup. [edit] High-energy particle calorimeter Main article: calorimeter (particle physics)

Ingredient CAS No Percent Hazardous ---------------------------------------------------------------Sodium Hydroxide 1310-73-2 0.8 - 8% Water 7732-18-5 92 - 99% Yes No

3. Hazards Identification Emergency Overview -------------------------DANGER! CORROSIVE. HARMFUL IF SWALLOWED OR INHALED. CAUSES BURNS TO ANY AREA OF CONTACT. REACTS WITH WATER, ACIDS AND OTHER MATERIALS. J.T. Baker SAF-T-DATA(tm) Ratings (Provided here for your convenience) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Health Rating: 2 - Moderate Flammability Rating: 0 - None Reactivity Rating: 1 - Slight Contact Rating: 3 - Severe (Corrosive) Lab Protective Equip: GOGGLES & SHIELD; LAB COAT & APRON; VENT HOOD; PROPER GLOVES Storage Color Code: White Stripe (Store Separately) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Potential Health Effects ---------------------------------The health effects from exposure to diluted forms of this chemical are not well documented. They are expected to be less severe than those for concentrated forms which are referenced in the descriptions below. Inhalation: Severe irritant. Effects from inhalation of mist vary from mild irritation to serious damage of the upper respiratory tract, depending on severity of exposure. Symptoms may include sneezing, sore throat or runny nose. Severe pneumonitis may occur. Ingestion: Corrosive! Swallowing may cause severe burns of mouth, throat, and stomach. Severe scarring of tissue and death may result. Symptoms may include bleeding, vomiting, diarrhea, fall in blood pressure. Damage may appears days after exposure. Skin Contact: Corrosive! Contact with skin can cause irritation or severe burns and scarring with greater exposures. Eye Contact: Corrosive! Causes irritation of eyes, and with greater exposures it can cause burns that may result in permanent impairment of vision, even blindness. Chronic Exposure: Prolonged contact with dilute solutions or dust has a destructive effect upon tissue. Aggravation of Pre-existing Conditions: Persons with pre-existing skin disorders or eye problems or impaired respiratory function may be more susceptible to the effects of the substance.

4. First Aid Measures Inhalation: Remove to fresh air. Get medical attention for any breathing difficulty. Ingestion: If swallowed, DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Give large quantities of water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical attention immediately. Skin Contact: Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Call a physician, immediately. Wash clothing before reuse. Eye Contact: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting lower and upper eyelids occasionally. Get medical attention immediately. Note to Physician: Perform endoscopy in all cases of suspected sodium hydroxide ingestion. In cases of severe esophageal corrosion, the use of therapeutic doses of steroids should be considered. General supportive measures with continual monitoring of gas exchange, acidbase balance, electrolytes, and fluid intake are also required.

5. Fire Fighting Measures Fire: Not considered to be a fire hazard. Explosion: Not considered to be an explosion hazard. Fire Extinguishing Media: Use any means suitable for extinguishing surrounding fire. Adding water to caustic solution generates large amounts of heat. Special Information: Use protective clothing and breathing equipment appropriate for the surrounding fire.

6. Accidental Release Measures Ventilate area of leak or spill. Keep unnecessary and unprotected people away from area of spill. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment as specified in Section 8. Contain and recover liquid when possible. Do not flush caustic residues to the sewer. Residues from spills can be diluted with water, neutralized with dilute acid such as acetic, hydrochloric or sulfuric. Absorb neutralized caustic residue on clay, vermiculite or other inert substance and package in a suitable container for disposal. US Regulations (CERCLA) require reporting spills and releases to soil, water

and air in excess of reportable quantities. The toll free number for the US Coast Guard National Response Center is (800) 424-8802. J. T. Baker NEUTRACIT(R)-2 or BuCAIM(R) caustic neutralizers are recommended for spills of this product.

Wear impervious protective clothing, including boots, gloves, lab coat, apron or coveralls, as appropriate, to prevent skin contact. Eye Protection: Use chemical safety goggles and/or a full face shield where splashing is possible. Maintain eye wash fountain and quick-drench facilities in work area.

7. Handling and Storage Keep in a tightly closed container. Protect from physical damage. Store in a cool, dry, ventilated area away from sources of heat, moisture and incompatibilities. Protect from freezing. Always add the caustic to water while stirring; never the reverse. Containers of this material may be hazardous when empty since they retain product residues (vapors, liquid); observe all warnings and precautions listed for the product. Do not store with aluminum or magnesium. Do not mix with acids or organic materials. 9. Physical and Chemical Properties Physical data is displayed for a 5% solution of sodium hydroxide. Appearance: Clear, colorless solution. Odor: Odorless. Solubility: Miscible in water. Density: 5% solution: 1.05 pH: 14.0 % Volatiles by volume @ 21C (70F): No information found. Boiling Point: 102C (216F) (5% solution) Melting Point: -4C (25F) (5% solution) Vapor Density (Air=1): No information found. Vapor Pressure (mm Hg): No information found. Evaporation Rate (BuAc=1): No information found.

8. Exposure Controls/Personal Protection Airborne Exposure Limits: Sodium hydroxide: -OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL): 2 mg/m3 Ceiling -ACGIH Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 2 mg/m3 Ceiling Ventilation System: A system of local and/or general exhaust is recommended to keep employee exposures below the Airborne Exposure Limits. Local exhaust ventilation is generally preferred because it can control the emissions of the contaminant at its source, preventing dispersion of it into the general work area. Please refer to the ACGIH document, Industrial Ventilation, A Manual of Recommended Practices, most recent edition, for details. Personal Respirators (NIOSH Approved): If the exposure limit is exceeded, a halfface dust/mist respirator may be worn for up to ten times the exposure limit or the maximum use concentration specified by the appropriate regulatory agency or respirator supplier, whichever is lowest. A full-face piece dust/mist respirator may be worn up to 50 times the exposure limit, or the maximum use concentration specified by the appropriate regulatory agency, or respirator supplier, whichever is lowest. For emergencies or instances where the exposure levels are not known, use a full-facepiece positive-pressure, air-supplied respirator. WARNING: Air-purifying respirators do not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres. Skin Protection:

10. Stability and Reactivity Stability: Stable under ordinary conditions of use and storage. Hazardous Decomposition Products: No hazardous decomposition products. Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur. Incompatibilities: Sodium hydroxide in contact with acids and organic halogen compounds, especially trichloroethylene, may causes violent reactions. Contact with nitromethane and other similar nitro compounds causes formation of shock-sensitive salts. Contact with metals such as aluminum, magnesium, tin, and zinc cause formation of flammable hydrogen gas. Sodium hydroxide, even in fairly dilute solution, reacts readily with various sugars to produce carbon monoxide. Precautions should be taken including monitoring the tank atmosphere for carbon monoxide to ensure safety of personnel before vessel entry. Conditions to Avoid: Heat, moisture, incompatibles.

11. Toxicological Information

Sodium hydroxide: irritation data: skin, rabbit: 500 mg/24H severe; eye rabbit: 50 ug/24H severe. Investigated as a mutagen. --------\Cancer Lists\------------------------------------------------------NTP Carcinogen--Ingredient Known Anticipated IARC Category ------------------------------------------------------------Sodium Hydroxide (1310-73-2) No No None Water (7732-18-5) No No None

----------------------------Proper Shipping Name: SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION Hazard Class: 8 UN/NA: UN1824 Packing Group: II Information reported for product/size: 208L

15. Regulatory Information --------\Chemical Inventory Status - Part 1\--------------------------------Ingredient TSCA EC Japan Australia ---------------------------------------------- ---- --- ----- --------Sodium Hydroxide (1310-73-2) Yes Yes Yes Yes Water (7732-18-5) Yes Yes Yes Yes --------\Chemical Inventory Status - Part 2\----------------------------------Canada-Ingredient Korea DSL NDSL Phil. ---------------------------------------------- ----- ------ ----Sodium Hydroxide (1310-73-2) Yes Yes No Yes Water (7732-18-5) Yes Yes No Yes --------\Federal, State & International Regulations - Part 1\----------------SARA 302------SARA 313-----Ingredient RQ TPQ List Chemical Catg. -------------------------------------------------- -------------Sodium Hydroxide (1310-73-2) No No No No Water (7732-18-5) No No No No --------\Federal, State & International Regulations - Part 2\----------------RCRA-TSCAIngredient CERCLA 261.33 8(d) -------------------------------------------------------Sodium Hydroxide (1310-73-2) 1000 No No Water (7732-18-5) No No No Chemical Weapons Convention: No TSCA 12(b): No CDTA: No SARA 311/312: Acute: Yes Chronic: No Fire: No Pressure: No Reactivity: No (Pure / Liquid)

12. Ecological Information Environmental Fate: No information found. Environmental Toxicity: No information found.

13. Disposal Considerations Whatever cannot be saved for recovery or recycling should be managed in an appropriate and approved waste facility. Although not a listed RCRA hazardous waste, this material may exhibit one or more characteristics of a hazardous waste and require appropriate analysis to determine specific disposal requirements. Processing, use or contamination of this product may change the waste management options. State and local disposal regulations may differ from federal disposal regulations. Dispose of container and unused contents in accordance with federal, state and local requirements.

14. Transport Information Domestic (Land, D.O.T.) ----------------------Proper Shipping Name: SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION Hazard Class: 8 UN/NA: UN1824 Packing Group: II Information reported for product/size: 208L International (Water, I.M.O.)

Australian Hazchem Code: 2R Poison Schedule: S5 WHMIS: This MSDS has been prepared according to the hazard criteria of the Controlled Products Regulations (CPR) and the MSDS contains all of the information required by the CPR.

OF OR RELIANCE UPON THIS INFORMATION. ******************************************** ******************************************** ******** Prepared by: Environmental Health & Safety Phone Number: (314) 654-1600 (U.S.A.)

16. Other Information NFPA Ratings: Health: 3 Flammability: 0 Reactivity: 0 Label Hazard Warning: DANGER! CORROSIVE. HARMFUL IF SWALLOWED OR INHALED. CAUSES BURNS TO ANY AREA OF CONTACT. REACTS WITH WATER, ACIDS AND OTHER MATERIALS. Label Precautions: Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Do not breathe mist. Keep container closed. Use only with adequate ventilation. Wash thoroughly after handling. Label First Aid: If swallowed, give several glasses of water or milk to drink. Vomiting may occur spontaneously, but DO NOT INDUCE! Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes or skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. In all cases get medical attention immediately. Product Use: Laboratory Reagent. Revision Information: MSDS Section(s) changed since last revision of document include: 10. Disclaimer: ******************************************** ******************************************** ******** Mallinckrodt Baker, Inc. provides the information contained herein in good faith but makes no representation as to its comprehensiveness or accuracy. This document is intended only as a guide to the appropriate precautionary handling of the material by a properly trained person using this product. Individuals receiving the information must exercise their independent judgment in determining its appropriateness for a particular purpose. MALLINCKRODT BAKER, INC. MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE WITH RESPECT TO THE INFORMATION SET FORTH HEREIN OR THE PRODUCT TO WHICH THE INFORMATION REFERS. ACCORDINGLY, MALLINCKRODT BAKER, INC. WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM USE

Material Safety Data Sheet Hydrochloric Acid 1 N or 1 M Solution ACC# 95544 Section 1 - Chemical Product and Company Identification

MSDS Name: Hydrochloric Acid 1 N or 1 M Solution Catalog Numbers: NC9647629, SA48-1, SA481LC, SA48-20, SA48-200, SA48-20LC, SA48-4, SA48-500 Synonyms: Muriatic acid. Company Identification: Fisher Scientific 1 Reagent Lane Fair Lawn, NJ 07410 For information, call: 201-796-7100 Emergency Number: 201-796-7100 For CHEMTREC assistance, call: 800-424-9300 For International CHEMTREC assistance, call: 703-527-3887

Section 2 - Composition, Information on Ingredients

CAS#

Chemical Name

Percent EINECS/ELINCS 231-791-2 231-595-7

7732Water 96.35 18-5 7647Hydrochloric acid 3.65 % 01-0

Section 3 - Hazards Identification

EMERGENCY OVERVIEW Appearance: clear, colorless liquid. Warning! May cause eye, skin, and respiratory tract irritation. Corrosive to metal. Target Organs: No data found.

Potential Health Effects Eye: May cause eye irritation. Skin: May cause skin irritation. Ingestion: May cause irritation of the digestive tract. May cause circulatory system failure. Inhalation: May cause respiratory tract irritation. Exposure to the mist and vapor may erode exposed teeth. Chronic: Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause dermatitis. Repeated exposure may cause erosion of teeth. Repeated exposure to low concentrations of HCl vapor or mist may cause bleeding of nose and gums. Chronic bronchitis and gastritis have also been reported.

Section 4 - First Aid Measures

fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomposition products. Extinguishing Media: For large fires, use water spray, fog, or alcohol-resistant foam. Substance is nonflammable; use agent most appropriate to extinguish surrounding fire. Do NOT use straight streams of water. Most foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. For small fires, use carbon dioxide (except for cyanides), dry chemical, dry sand, and alcohol-resistant foam. Flash Point: Not applicable. Autoignition Temperature: Not applicable. Explosion Limits, Lower:Not available. Upper: Not available. NFPA Rating: (estimated) Health: 1; Flammability: 0; Instability: 1

Section 6 - Accidental Release Measures Eyes: In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for a t least 15 minutes. Get medical aid. Skin: In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical aid immediately. Wash clothing before reuse. Ingestion: If swallowed, do NOT induce vomiting. Get medical aid immediately. If victim is fully conscious, give a cupful of water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Inhalation: If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid. Notes to Physician: Do NOT use sodium bicarbonate in an attempt to neutralize the acid. Treat symptomatically and supportively. Antidote: Do NOT use oils or ointments in eye.

General Information: Use proper personal protective equipment as indicated in Section 8. Spills/Leaks: Large spills may be neutralized with dilute alkaline solutions of soda ash (sodium carbonate, Na2CO3), or lime (calcium oxide, CaO). Avoid runoff into storm sewers and ditches which lead to waterways. Clean up spills immediately, observing precautions in the Protective Equipment section. Provide ventilation. Do not get water inside containers. A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Cover with dry earth, dry sand, or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading and contact with water.

Section 7 - Handling and Storage Section 5 - Fire Fighting Measures

General Information: As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. Water runoff can cause environmental damage. Dike and collect water used to fight fire. Not flammable, but reacts with most metals to form flammable hydrogen gas. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Vapors may be heavier than air. They can spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas. Reaction with water may generate much heat which will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Containers may explode when heated. Approach

Handling: Wash thoroughly after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Use only in a well-ventilated area. Use with adequate ventilation. Contents may develop pressure upon prolonged storage. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Do not breathe dust, mist, or vapor. Keep container tightly closed. Avoid ingestion and inhalation. Discard contaminated shoes. Use caution when opening. Keep from contact with moist air and steam. Storage: Do not store in direct sunlight. Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Corrosives area. Do not store in metal containers. Do not store near flammable or oxidizing

substances (especially nitric acid or chlorates). Store away from alkalies.

Section 10 - Stability and Reactivity

Section 8 - Exposure Controls, Personal Protection Chemical Stability: Stable under normal temperatures and pressures. Conditions to Avoid: Excess heat. Incompatibilities with Other Materials: Strong oxidizing agents, bases, acetic anhydride, alkali metals, aluminum, amines, copper, copper alloys, fluorine, iron, sodium hydroxide, steel, sulfuric acid, vinyl acetate, zinc, potassium permanganate, cesium acetylene carbide, rubidium acetylene carbide, rubidium carbide, sodium, chlorosulfonic acid, oleum, carbonates, perchloric acid, calcium phosphide, metal oxides, acetates, cesium carbide, betapropiolactone, ethyleneimine, propylene oxide, lithium silicides, alcohols + hydrogen cyanide, 2-aminoethanol, ammonium hydroxide, calcium carbide, 1,1difluoroethylene, ethylene diamine, magnesium boride, mercuric sulfate, uranium phosphide. Hazardous Decomposition Products: Hydrogen chloride. Hazardous Polymerization: Has not been reported.

Engineering Controls: Facilities storing or utilizing this material should be equipped with an eyewash facility and a safety shower. Use adequate general or local exhaust ventilation to keep airborne concentrations below the permissible exposure limits. Exposure Limits Chemical Name Water OSHA Final PELs none listed 5 ppm Ceiling; 7 mg/m3 Ceiling

ACGIH none listed

NIOSH none listed 50 ppm IDLH

Hydrochloric 2 ppm acid Ceiling

OSHA Vacated PELs: Water: No OSHA Vacated PELs are listed for this chemical. Hydrochloric acid: No OSHA Vacated PELs are listed for this chemical. Personal Protective Equipment Eyes: Wear chemical splash goggles. Skin: Wear neoprene or polyvinyl chloride gloves to prevent exposure. Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure. Respirators: A respiratory protection program that meets OSHA's 29 CFR 1910.134 and ANSI Z88.2 requirements or European Standard EN 149 must be followed whenever workplace conditions warrant respirator use.

Section 11 - Toxicological Information

RTECS#: CAS# 7732-18-5: ZC0110000 CAS# 7647-01-0: MW4025000; MW4031000 LD50/LC50: CAS# 7732-18-5: Oral, rat: LD50 = >90 mL/kg; . CAS# 7647-01-0: Inhalation, mouse: LC50 = 1108 ppm/1H; Inhalation, mouse: LC50 = 20487 mg/m3/5M; Inhalation, mouse: LC50 = 3940 mg/m3/30M; Inhalation, mouse: LC50 = 8300 mg/m3/30M; Inhalation, rat: LC50 = 3124 ppm/1H; Inhalation, rat: LC50 = 60938 mg/m3/5M; Inhalation, rat: LC50 = 7004 mg/m3/30M; Inhalation, rat: LC50 = 45000 mg/m3/5M; Inhalation, rat: LC50 = 8300 mg/m3/30M; Oral, rabbit: LD50 = 900 mg/kg; . Carcinogenicity: CAS# 7732-18-5: Not listed by ACGIH, IARC, NTP, or CA Prop 65. CAS# 7647-01-0: Not listed by ACGIH, IARC, NTP, or CA Prop 65.

Section 9 - Physical and Chemical Properties

Physical State: Liquid Appearance: clear, colorless Odor: pungent odor pH: 1.1 (0.1N solution) Vapor Pressure: 4.0 atm @ 17.8 deg C Vapor Density: Not available. Evaporation Rate:>1 Viscosity: Not available. Boiling Point: 100 deg C Freezing/Melting Point:0 deg C Decomposition Temperature:Not available. Solubility: Soluble in water. Specific Gravity/Density:1.0 - 1.2 Molecular Formula:HCl Molecular Weight:36.46

Epidemiology: No information found Teratogenicity: Female rats were exposed to 450 mg/m3 of HCl for 1 hour either prior to mating or on day 9 of pregnancy. Developmental effects were observed in the offspring. However, this exposure caused toxic effects, including mortality, in the mothers. Reproductive Effects: No information found Mutagenicity: See actual entry in RTECS for complete information. Neurotoxicity: No information found Other Studies:

US FEDERAL TSCA CAS# 7732-18-5 is listed on the TSCA inventory. CAS# 7647-01-0 is listed on the TSCA inventory. Health & Safety Reporting List None of the chemicals are on the Health & Safety Reporting List. Chemical Test Rules None of the chemicals in this product are under a Chemical Test Rule. Section 12b None of the chemicals are listed under TSCA Section 12b. TSCA Significant New Use Rule None of the chemicals in this material have a SNUR under TSCA. CERCLA Hazardous Substances and corresponding RQs CAS# 7647-01-0: 5000 lb final RQ; 2270 kg final RQ SARA Section 302 Extremely Hazardous Substances CAS# 7647-01-0: 500 lb TPQ (gas only) SARA Codes CAS # 7647-01-0: immediate. Section 313 This material contains Hydrochloric acid (CAS# 7647-01-0, 3.65%),which is subject to the reporting requirements of Section 313 of SARA Title III and 40 CFR Part 373. Clean Air Act: CAS# 7647-01-0 is listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP). This material does not contain any Class 1 Ozone depletors. This material does not contain any Class 2 Ozone depletors. Clean Water Act: CAS# 7647-01-0 is listed as a Hazardous Substance under the CWA. None of the chemicals in this product are listed as Priority Pollutants under the CWA. None of the chemicals in this product are listed as Toxic Pollutants under the CWA. OSHA: CAS# 7647-01-0 is considered highly hazardous by OSHA. STATE CAS# 7732-18-5 is not present on state lists from CA, PA, MN, MA, FL, or NJ. CAS# 7647-01-0 can be found on the following state right to know lists: California, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Minnesota, Massachusetts. California Prop 65 California No Significant Risk Level: None of the chemicals in this product are listed. European/International Regulations European Labeling in Accordance with EC Directives Hazard Symbols:

Section 12 - Ecological Information

Ecotoxicity: Fish: Bluegill/Sunfish: 3.6 mg/L; 48 Hr; Lethal (unspecified) Fish: Bluegill/Sunfish: LD50; 96 Hr; pH 3.03.5

Section 13 - Disposal Considerations

Chemical waste generators must determine whether a discarded chemical is classified as a hazardous waste. US EPA guidelines for the classification determination are listed in 40 CFR Parts 261.3. Additionally, waste generators must consult state and local hazardous waste regulations to ensure complete and accurate classification. RCRA P-Series: None listed. RCRA U-Series: None listed.

Section 14 - Transport Information

US DOT

Canada TDG

Shipping HYDROCHLORIC ACID HYDROCHLORIC ACID Name: SOLUTION Hazard 8 8 Class: UN Number: Packing Group: UN1789 III UN1789 II

Section 15 - Regulatory Information

Not available. Risk Phrases: Safety Phrases: S 24/25 Avoid contact with skin and eyes. WGK (Water Danger/Protection) CAS# 7732-18-5: No information available. CAS# 7647-01-0: 1 Canada - DSL/NDSL CAS# 7732-18-5 is listed on Canada's DSL List. CAS# 7647-01-0 is listed on Canada's DSL List. Canada - WHMIS This product has a WHMIS classification of E. This product has been classified in accordance with the hazard criteria of the Controlled Products Regulations and the MSDS contains all of the information required by those regulations. Canadian Ingredient Disclosure List CAS# 7647-01-0 is listed on the Canadian Ingredient Disclosure List.

Section 16 - Additional Information

MSDS Creation Date: 6/05/1998 Revision #6 Date: 1/11/2008 The information above is believed to be accurate and represents the best information currently available to us. However, we make no warranty of merchantability or any other warranty, express or implied, with respect to such information, and we assume no liability resulting from its use. Users should make their own investigations to determine the suitability of the information for their particular purposes. In no event shall Fisher be liable for any claims, losses, or damages of any third party or for lost profits or any special, indirect, incidental, consequential or exemplary damages, howsoever arising, even if Fisher has been advised of the possibility of such damages. Seastar Chemicals Inc MSDS ACETIC ACID, GLACIAL Page 1 of 5 Material Safety Data Sheet ACETIC ACID, GLACIAL Print Date: July 2008 SECTION 1 Chemical Product and Company Identification MSDS Name: ACETIC ACID, GLACIAL MSDS Preparation Date: 07-2008 Supersedes 12-2007, 02-2007, 02-2004, 022001 & 02-98 Synonyms or Generic ID: Acetic acid, glacial, Ethanoic acid, methanecarboxylic acid.

Seastar Product Codes: S010601, S020601, S010601-SSNC03, S010601-SSEC03, S010601SSNC04, S010601-SSEC04, S010601SSNC06, S010601-SSEC06, S010601-SSNC09, S010601-SSEC09, S010601-SSNC41, S010601SSEC41, S010601-SSNC61, S010601-SSEC61, S010601-SSNC63, S010601SSEC63, S010601-SSNC65, S010601-SSEC65, S010601-SSND13, S010601SSED13, S020601-SSNF01, S020601-SSEF01, S020601-SSNF02, S020601-SSEF02, S020601SSNF03, S020601-SSEF03, S020601-SSNF04, S020601-SSEF04, S020601SSNF05, S020601-SSEF05, S020601-SSNF06, S020601-SSEF06, S010601-SSNG04, S010601-SSEG04, S010601-SSNG09, S010601SSEG09, S010601-SSNG41, S010601-SSEG41, S010601-SSNG61, S010601SSEG61, S010601-SSNG65, S010601-SSEG65, S010601-SSNH43, S010601-SSEH43, IQ-06-0500, IQ-06-2500, IQ-06-2500-6, IQ-062500-S, IQ-06-25SK, IQ-06-25SK6, IQ-0625SKS, IQ-06-4000, BA-06-0250, BA-06-0500, BA-06-1000, BA-06-2000, OVERFLOW-06 Canadian TDG Classification: Class 8 (3) Packing Group II Formula: CH3COOH PIN (UN# / NA#): UN2789 Molecular Wt: 60.05 Canadian WHMIS Class: Class E; Class B Div 3 Supplier: Seastar Chemicals Inc, 10005 McDonald Park Road, Sidney, BC V8L 5Y2 CANADA Tel: (250) 655-5880, Fax: (250) 655-5888 CANUTEC (CAN): (613)-996-6666 SECTION 2 Composition/Information on Ingredients CAS # Chemical Name Percent EINECS/ELINCS TLV Hazard 64-19-7 Acetic Acid, Glacial 99% 200-580-7 (TWA) 10 ppm Corrosive Hazard Symbols: C, B3 Risk Phrases: 10 35 SECTION 3 Hazards Identification EMERGENCY OVERVIEW Appearance: acetic acid is a clear, colourless liquid above 16 deg C and colourless, icelike crystals below 16 deg C. Has a strong, pungent odour of vinegar. Hygroscopic. COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID AND VAPOUR. Vapour is heavier than air and may spread long distances. Distant ignition and flashback are possible. Harmful if inhaled or swallowed. Vapour is irritating to the respiratory tract. May cause lung injury--effects may be delayed. Concentrated solutions are CORROSIVE to eyes and skin. Causes permanent eye damage, including blindness, and skin burns, including tissue death and permanent scarring. May be an aspiration hazard. Swallowing or vomiting of the liquid may result in aspiration into the lungs. Target Organs: Teeth, eyes, skin, mucous membranes. Potential Health Effects Primary Route(s) of Entry: Inhalation and ingestion. Skin contact. Skin absorption. Effects of Acute Exposure: May be fatal by ingestion, inhalation or skin absorption. Corrosive.

LD50/LC50: CAS# 64-19-7: Inhalation, mouse: LC50 = 5620 ppm/1H. Oral, rat: LD50 3310 mg/kg. Skin, rabbit: LD50 = 1060 mg/kg. Eyes: Causes severe eye irritation. May cause severe burns and loss of vision. May cause permanent damage. Lachrymator. Skin: Causes severe skin burns. Defatting dermatitis with prolonged use. Ingestion: May causes severe and permanent damage to the digestive tract. Causes severe pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea. Burns in mouth, pharynx and gastrointestinal tract. Convulsions. Kidney damage. Vomiting of blood, Shock, possible coma, and possible death. Inhalation: Effects may be delayed. Causes chemical burns to the respiratory tract. May cause respiratory tract inflammation. Destructive to tissues of mucous membranes. Headache. Nausea. Vomiting, Bronchopneumonia and pulmonary edema. Chemical pneumonitis. Corrosive. May be fatal. Central nervous system depression. Seastar Chemicals Inc MSDS ACETIC ACID, GLACIAL Page 2 of 5 Effects of Chronic Exposure: Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause dermatitis. Repeated inhalation may cause chronic bronchitis. Repeated exposure may cause erosion of teeth. Conjunctivitis, darkened coloration of the skin and dental erosion. Pharyngitis, constipation and possible skin sensitizer. Long-term exposure may cause cumulative systemic injury, particularly to vital organs such as the liver and kidneys. To the best of our knowledge, the chronic toxicity of this substance has not been fully investigated. SECTION 4 First Aid Measures Eyes: Flush skin and eyes with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, holding lids apart to ensure flushing of the entire surface. Contact with liquid or vapor causes severe burns and possible irreversible eye damage. Get medical aid immediately. Skin: Get medical aid immediately. Immediately flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothes before reuse. Discard shoes. Ingestion: Do NOT induce vomiting. If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. Consult a physician immediately. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Keep patient warm and quiet. Inhalation: Get medical aid immediately. Remove patient from exposure to fresh air immediately. Administer approved oxygen supply if breathing is difficult. Administer artificial respiration or CPR if breathing has ceased. Call a physician. Notes to Physician: Treat symptomatically and supportively. Antidote: No specific antidote exists.

SECTION 5 Fire Fighting Measures General Information: Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent contact with skin and eyes. Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) to prevent contact with thermal decomposition products. Reacts with most metals to form highly flammable hydrogen gas which can form explosive mixtures with air. Cool containers with water spray. Disperse vapours with water spray if they have not ignited. Extinguishing Media: For small fires, use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam. Use water spray to cool fire-exposed containers. Auto-ignition Temperature: 800F (426.67C) Flash Point: 103F (39.44C) NFPA Rating: Health 3, Flammability 2, Instability 0. Explosion Limits: Lower: 5.4 Upper: 16 Special Fire and Explosion Hazards: Flash back along vapour trail may occur; eliminate sources of ignition. Emits toxic fumes under fire conditions. Empty container may contain explosive or flammable residue. Hazardous combustion products Oxides of carbon. SECTION 6 Accidental Release Measures General Information: Use proper personal protective equipment as indicated in Section 8. Spills/Leaks: Use water spray to dilute spill to a non-flammable mixture. Avoid runoff into storm sewers and ditches which lead to waterways. Wash area with soap and water. Use water spray to disperse the gas/vapor. Remove all sources of ignition. Provide ventilation. Cover with material such as dry soda ash or calcium carbonate and place into a closed container for disposal. Steps to be taken in case material is released or spilled: Evacuate. Shut off all sources of ignition. Wear self-contained breathing apparatus, rubber boots and heavy rubber gloves. Absorb on sand or vermiculite and place in a closed container for disposal. Ventilate area and wash spill site after material pick-up is complete. Waste disposal method: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an after burner and scrubber. According to all applicable regulations. Avoid run-off. SECTION 7 Handling and Storage Handling: Wash thoroughly after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before re-use. Use with adequate ventilation. Empty containers retain product residue (liquid and/or vapor), and can be dangerous. Avoid contact with heat, sparks and flame. Do not get on skin or in eyes. Avoid ingestion and inhalation. Do not pressurize, cut, weld, braze, solder, drill, grind, or expose empty containers

to heat, sparks or open flames. Do not get in eyes, or on skin or clothing. Wash well after use. In accordance with good storage and handling practices. Do not allow smoking or food consumption while being handled. Storage: Keep away from heat, sparks, and flame. Keep from contact with oxidizing materials. Store in a cool, dry, wellventilated area away from incompatible substances. Store in a suitable container in a dry area above the substances freezing point. Do not store near alkaline substances. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heated areas, sparks and flame. Store away from acids, alkalies and oxidizing materials. Product is highly hydroscopic. Keep tightly closed. Vapours are heavier than air and may travel along the ground or pool in low areas. Because vapour is heavy, ventilation must be provided at floor level as well as at higher places. Storage Code: White. Seastar Chemicals Inc MSDS ACETIC ACID, GLACIAL Page 3 of 5 SECTION 8 Exposure Control/Personal Protection Engineering Controls: Use adequate general or local exhaust ventilation to keep airborne concentrations below the permissible exposure limits. Exposure Limits: Chemical Name ACGH NIOSH OSHA Acetic acid, glacial 10 ppm TWA; 25 mg/m3 TWA; 15 ppm STEL; 37 mg/m3 STEL 10 ppm TWA; 25 mg/m3 TWA; 15 ppm STEL; 37 mg/m3 STEL 10 ppm TWA; 25 mg/m3 TWA OSHA Vacated PELs Acetic acid: 10 ppm TWA; 25 mg/m3 TWA. Personal Protective Equipment Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHAs eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133. Skin: Wear appropriate protective neoprene or polyethylene gloves to prevent skin exposure. Apron or clothing sufficient to protect skin. Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure. Neoprene, PVC or polyethylene apron or clothing sufficient to protect skin. Respiratory Protection: Follow the OSHA respirator regulations found in 29CFR 1910.134. Always use a NIOSH-approved respirator when necessary. Wear appropriate OSHA/MSHA approved chemical cartridge respirator. If more than TLV, do not breathe vapour. Wear self-contained breathing apparatus.

Ventilation: Use only in a chemical fume hood. Adequate ventilation to maintain vapour/dust below TLV. Other Protective Equipment: Make eye bath and emergency shower available. SECTION 9 Physical and Chemical Properties Physical State: Liquid Appearance: colourless Odour: pungent odour acetic odour (vinegar-like) pH: 2.4 (1 M solution in water (approx. 6%)) Vapour Pressure: 1.52 kPa (11.4 mm Hg) at 20 0C Vapour Density: 2.07 (air = 1) Evaporation Rate: 0.97 (n-Butyl acetate = 1) Viscosity-Dynamic: 1.22 mPa.s (1.22 centipoises) (100% w/w), 2.39 mPa.s (90% w/w) @20 0C. Boiling Point: 117.9 0C (244.2 0F) glacial Freezing/Melting Point: 100% (w/w): 16.6 0C (61.9 0F); 80.6% (w/w): -7.4 0C (18.7 0F) Decomposition Temperature: No information available. Solubility: Soluble in all proportions in water, ethanol, acetone, diethyl ether, glycerol and benzene. Specific Gravity/Density: 100% (w/w): 1.5 @20 0C; 80% (w/w): 1.8 @15 0C Molecular Formula: C2H4O2 Molecular Weight: 60.0268 SECTION 10 Stability and Reactivity Chemical Stability: Stable at room temperature in closed containers under normal storage and handling conditions. Conditions to Avoid: Incompatible materials, ignition sources, excess heat. Reacts with most common metals to produce hydrogen. Oxidizing agents, acids, alkalies, chromic acid, peroxides. Alcohols. Sparks or flame. Amines. Incompatibilities with Other Materials: Acetaldehyde, 2-aminoethanol, ammonium nitrate, bromine pentafluoride, chlorine trifluoride, chlorosulfonic acid, chromic acid, chronic anhydride + acetic anhydride, diallyl methyl carbinol + ozone, ethylene diamine, ethyleneimine, hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, nitric acid + acetone, oleum, perchloric acid, permanganates, phosphorus isocyanate, phosphorus trichloride, potassium hydroxide, potassiumt-butoxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium peroxide, and xylene. See NFPA Fire Protection Guide for specifics. Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide. Hazardous Polymerization: Has not been reported. Reaction Product(s): Contact with incompatible materials may cause explosion or fire. SECTION 11 Toxicological Information RTECS: CAS# 64-19-7: AF1225000. LD50/LC50: CAS# 64-19-7: Inhalation, mouse: LC50 = 5620

ppm/1H. Oral, rat: LD50 = 3310 mg/kg. Skin, rabbit: LD50 = 1060 mg/kg. Carcinogenicity: CAS# 64-19-7: Not listed as carcinogen by ACGIH, IARC, NIOSH, NTP, OSHA, or CA Prop 65. Epidemiology: No information available. Teratogenicity: Effects of Newborn: behavioral, orl-rat TDLo = 700 mg/kg. Seastar Chemicals Inc MSDS ACETIC ACID, GLACIAL Page 4 of 5 Reproductive: Fertility: male index, itt-rat TDLo = 400 mg/kg. Mutagenicity: No information available. Neurotoxicity: No information available. SECTION 12 Ecological Information Ecotoxicity: No information available. Bluegill (fresh water) TLm = 75 ppm/96H Goldfish (fresh water) TLm = 100 ppm/96H Shrimp (aerated water) LC50 = 100-330 ppm/48H. Environmental: Substance spreads on soil surface and penetrates at rate dependent on soil type and water content. Substance readily degrades in water and shows little potential for bioaccumulation. Physical: No information available Other: None. SECTION 13 Disposal Considerations Dispose of in a manner consistent with federal, provincial/state/territorial, and local regulations. RCRA D-Maximum Concentration of Contaminants: None of the components are on this list. RCRA D Series Chronic Toxicity Reference Levels: None of the components are on this list. RCRA F Series Wastes: None of the components are on this list. RCRA P Series Wastes: None of the components are on this list. RCRA U Series Wastes: None of the components are on this list. RCRA Substances Banned from Land Disposal: None of the components are on this list. SECTION 14 Transport Information Proper Shipping Name: ACETIC ACID, GLACIAL; or ACETIC ACID SOLUTION, more than 80 percent acid, by mass Hazard Class: 8 (3) UN Number: UN2789 Packing Group: II SECTION 15 Regulatory Information US Federal TSCA: CAS# 64-19-7 is listed on the TSCA Inventory. Health and Safety Reporting List: None of the components are on this list. Chemical Test Rules: None of the components are on this list. TSCA Section 12b: None of the components are on this list. TSCA Significant New Use Rule (SNUR): None of the components are on this list.

CERCLA Reportable Quantities (RQ): CAS# 6419-7: final RQ = 5000 pounds (2270 kg). SARA Threshold Planning Quantities (TPQ): None of the components are on this list. SARA Hazard Categories: CAS# 64-19-7: acute, chronic, flammable. SARA Section 313: None of the components are on this list. Clean Air Act Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs): None of the components are on this list. Clean Air Act Class 1 Ozone Depletors: None of the components are on this list. Clean Air Act Class 2 Ozone Depletors: None of the components are on this list. Clean Water Act Hazardous Substances: CAS# 64-19-7 is listed as a Hazardous Substance under the CWA. Clean Water Act Priority Pollutants: None of the components are on this list. Clean Water Act Toxic Pollutants: None of the components are on this list. OSHA Highly Hazardous: None of the components are on this list. US State State Right to Know: Acetic acid can be found on the following state Right-to-Know lists: California, New Jersey, Florida, Pennsylvania, Minnesota, Massachusetts. California Prop 65: No information available. California No Significant Risk Level: No information available. European/International Regulations European Labelling in Accordance with EC Directives: Hazard Symbols: C Risk Phrases: R 35 Causes severe burns. Safety Phrases: S 23 Do not inhale gas/fumes/vapour/spray. S26 In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. WGK (Water Danger/Protection): No information available. Canadian DSL/NDSL: CAS# 64-19-7 is listed on Canadas DSL/NDSL List. Canadian WHMIS Classification: This product has a WHMIS classification of B3, E. Canada Ingredient Disclosure List: CAS# 6419-7 is listed on Canadas Ingredient Disclosure List. Seastar Chemicals Inc MSDS ACETIC ACID, GLACIAL Page 5 of 5 Exposure Limits CAS# 64-19-7: OEL-AUSTRALIA: TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3); STEL 15 ppm (37 mg/m3) OEL-AUSTRIA: TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3) OEL-BELGIUM: TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3); STEL 15 ppm (37 mg/m3) OEL-CZECHOSLOVAKIA: TWA 25 mg/m3; STEL 50 mg/m3 OEL-DENMARK: TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3)

OEL-FINLAND: TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3); STEL 15 ppm (3 7 mg/m3); Skin OEL-FRANCE: STEL 10 PPM (25 mg/m30) OEL-GERMANY: TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3) OEL-HUNGARY: TWA 10 mg/m3; STEL 20 mg/m3 OEL-INDIA: TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3); STEL 15 ppm (3 7 mg/m3) OEL-JAPAN: TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3) OEL-NETHERLANDS: TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3) OEL-THE PHILIPPINES: TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3) OEL-POLAND: TWA 5 mg/m3 OEL-RUSSIA: TWA 10 ppm; STEL 5 mg/m3; Skin OEL-SWEDEN: TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3); STEL 15 ppm (35 mg/m3) OEL-SWITZERLAND: TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3); STEL 20 ppm (50 mg/m3) OEL-THAILAND: TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3) OEL-TURKEY: TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3) OEL-UNITED KINGDOM: TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3); STEL 15 ppm (35 mg/m3) OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGI TLV OES-United Kingdom: TWA 10 ppm TWA; 25 mg/m3 TWA OES-United Kingdom: STEL 15 ppm STEL; 37 mg/m3 STEL SECTION 16 Other Information The statements contained herein are offered for informational purposes only and are based upon technical data. Seastar Chemicals Inc believes them to be accurate but does not purport to be allinclusive. The above-stated product is intended for use only by persons having the necessary technical skills and facilities for handling the product at their discretion and risk. Since conditions and manner of use are outside our control, we (Seastar Chemicals Inc) make no warranty of merchantability or any such warranty, express or implied with respect to information and we assume no liability resulting from the above product or its use. Users should make their own investigations to determine suitability of information and product for their particular purposes.