HEAT TRANSFER 4

(Basics, I-D Conduction and Fins)

1. The direction of heat transfer is governed by:
A) First law of thermodynamics B) Second law of thermodynamics
C) Zeroth law of thermodynamics D) Newtons laws of motion
2. In solids, the predominant mode of heat transfer is:
A) Convection B) Radiation C) Conduction D) All the above
3. In gases, the predominant mode of heat transfer would be:
A) Convection B) Radiation C) Conduction D) All the above
4. Maxwell lane is relevant to:
A) Convection B) Radiation C) Conduction D) All the above
5. Rate equation for conduction is derived by:
A) Newton B) Fourier C) Clausius D) Joule
6. Rate equation for convection is derived by:
A) Newton B) Fourier C) Clausius D) Joule
7. The value of Stefan-Boltzuann constant in S.I. units is:
A) 5.6710
-8
w/m
2

o
C
4
B) 5.6710
-8
J/m
2
k
4
C) 5.6710
-8
J/m
2
k
4
D) 5.6710
-8
J/m
2 o
C
4
8. Fourier law of heat conduction is represented by
A) q = KA
t
x

B) q = KA
dt
dx
C) q = -KA
dt
dx
D) q = -KA
t
x

9. S.I. units of velocity gradient are:

A) m/s B) m C) S D) S
-1
10. Thermal conductivity of wild steel is closed to
A) 200 w/mk B) 100 w/mk C) 40 m/k D) 20 w/mk
11. Thermal conductivities of 1) SS, 2) CI, 3) wood and 4) Brass in ascending order are
A) 4 2 1 3 B) 3 1 2 4 C) 3 1 4 2 D) 3 4 1 2
12. The figure represents temperature profiles in a plane wall under 1-D, steady state conditions for aluminium,
wood, wild steel and copper. Then:
A) 1-Wood, 2-MS, 3-Al and 4-Copper B) 1-Copper, 2-MS, 3-Al and 4-Wood
C) 1-Al, 2-Copper, 3-MS and 4-Wood D) 1-Copper, 2-Al, 3-MS and 4-Wood
13. A plane of 18 cm thickness conducts 0.6 kw/m
2
of heat across a thermal potential of 48
o
C. The thermal
conductivity (k) of the wall material is:
A) 25.7 w/mk B) 2.57 w/mk C) 0.257 w/mk D) None
Data for Q.14 Q.17
A brick wall (k = 0,211 w/mk) of 5m 3.5m and 22cm thickness has its surfaces at 65
o
C and 30
o
C. Assume 1-
D, steady conditions
14. Heat transfer rate across the wall is:
A) 612.5 kw B) 612.5 w/m
2
C) 612.5w D) 612.5 kw/m
2
15. Temperature at 16cm from begin is:
A) 25.45 B) 39.55 C) 55.45 D) 65.55
16. Location where the temperature is 38
o
C is:
A) 5 cm B) 7 cm C) 9 cm D) 17 cm
17. Thermal resistance of the wall, in
o
C/w, is:
A) 5.9 B) 0.59 C) 0.059 D) 0.0059
18. Temperature profile in a hollow-cylinder would be:
A) Linear B) Exponential C) Logarithmic D) Hyperbolic
19. Mean area of a hollow-cylinder with inner surface area A1 and outer surface area A2 is:
A)
1 2
A A B)
1 2
A +A
2
C)
1 2
A -A
2
D)
2 1
2 1
A -A
m(A /A )
20. Thermal resistance in a hollow-cylinder is given
A)
L
KA
B)
2 1
1 2
r -r
4kr r
C)
2 1
m(r /r )
2kl
D)
2 1
2kl
m/r /r

21. In a hollow-cylinder of id = 14 cm and od = 16cm, the slope of the temp. profile on inner surface is
measured to be -68
o
C/m. The slope on the outer surface is
A) 59.5
o
C/m B) 77.7
o
C/m C) -59.5
o
C/m D) -77.7
o
C/m
22. Slope of the temp. profile along the radius:
A) Increases B) Constant C) Decreases D) None
Data for Q.23 Q.28
A mild steel cylinder (k = 39.6 w/mk) of id 20cm thickness 20mm and length 3.2m, has its inner surface at 90
o
C
and outer surface at 28
o
C.
23. Radial heat transfer rate in kw, would be:
A) 84.6 B) 270.75 C) 270756.2 D) 18.5
24. Temperature of the cylinder at r = 10.8cm is:
A) 63.8
o
C B) 62.4
o
C C) 26.2
o
C D) 27.5
o
C
25. Radial position where temp. is 42
o
C, would be:
A) 11.4 cm B) 11.5 cm C) 11.6 cm D) 11.8 cm
26. Thermal resistance of the cylinder, in
o
C/w is:
A) 2.2210
-5
B) 2.2210
-3
C) 0.2289 D) 2.2210
-4
27. Mean area of the cylinder, in m
2
, would be:
A) 220.5 B) 22.05 C) 2.205 D) 0.2205
28. Mean radius of the cylinder, in cm, would be:
A) 11.42 B) 10.96 C) 10.42 D) 9.85
29. In a hollow cylinder of 0d = 21cm, inner and outer surface temperatures are -10
o
C and 20
o
C. Temperature at
9.2 cm is measured to be 0
o
C. The inner diameter (id) of the cylinder is
A) 8.8cm B) 12.4cm C) 17.6cm D) 24.8cm
30. Temperature profile in a hollow sphere would be:
A) Logarithmic B) Hyperbolic C) Linear D) Exponential
31. When the radius of a hollow-sphere is increased by 1.5times, the area available for redial heat transfer rate
increased by
A) 1.5 times B) 2.25 times C) 3 times D) 4.5 times
Data for Q.32 Q.36
A brass sphere (k = 111.6 w/mk) of id = 14cm and thickness 15mm, contains a fluid at -5
o
C and the outside
surface is at 25
o
C.
32. The radial heat transfer rate would be:
A) 16888.6 w B) -16.88 w C) 16.88 w D) -16888.6 w
33. Temperature of the sphere at r = 7.6 cm is:
A) 13.3
o
C B) 10.8
o
C C) 8.3
o
C D) 5.3
o
C
34. Radius of the sphere where the temperature would be 0
o
C, would be:
A) 7.1cm B) 7.2cm C) 7.8cm D) 7.9cm
35. Mean radius of the sphere in cm is:
A) 7.7 B) 7.3cm C) 7.1 D) 6.4
36. Thermal resistance offered by the sphere is
A) 1.776
o
C/w B) 1.776 10
-3o
C/w C) 1.776 10
-3o
C/kw D) 0.776
o
C/kw
37. Heat transfer from combustion chamber of an IC engine, predominantly, occurs by
A) conduction & convection B) radiation & convection C) radiation & conduction D) only by radiation
38. Equivalent thermal conductivity of the composite wall, shown, is given by
A)
1 2
K +K
2
B)
1 2
K K C)
1 2
1 2
K K
K +K
D)
1 2
1 2
2K K
K +K
Data for Q.39 Q.42:
A surface wall is made-up of 18cm layer of fire brick (k = 0.116 w/mk) followed by a 14cm layer of red brick
(k=0.223 w/mk) and then a 30cm layer of clay brick (k=0.287 w/mk). Surface area of the wall is 3250 cm
2
. The
inside surface is exposed to hot gases at 180
o
C with h = 36.7m
2
/k and the outside surface is in air at 28
o
C with h
= 13.5 w/m
2
k
39. Equivalent thermal resistance of the system in
o
C/w, would be,
A) 0.1023 B) 1.023 C) 10.23 D) 102.3
40. Heat transfer rate across the wall is
A) 148.5 w B) 14.85 w C) 1.48 kw D) 14.85 kw
41. Overall heat transfer coefficient (u) would be:
A) 0.3 B) 3 C) 30.07 D) 300.7
42. Temp. drop across clay brick would be:
A) 4.77
o
C B) 47.76
o
C C) 95.5
o
C D) 71.6
o
C
43. For the composite cylinder, shown, the equivalent thermal resistance is given by:
A)
1 1
2 1 3 2
i 1 1 2 o 3
r r 1 1
2l + m(r /r )+ m/r (r )+
h r k k h r
1
1
]
B)
1 1
2 1 3 2
i 1 2 o
r r 1 1 1
+ m/r /r + m/r /r +
2l h k k h
1
1
]
C)
3 2 2 1
i 1 1 2 o 3
m/r /r ) m/r /r ) 1 1
+ + +
h r k k h r
1
1
]
D)
3 2 2 1
i 1 1 2 o 3
m/r /r ) m/r /r ) 1 1 1
+ + +
2l h r k k h r
1
1
]
44. A thermos-flask can be considered as a:
A) composite sphere B) composite wall C) composite cylinder D) All the above
Data for Q.45 Q.48
A mild steel cylinder (k=39.6 w/mk) of id = 15cm; 0d = 18 cm and length 3 m is covered with a 28 mm layer of
asbestos (k = 0.098 w/mk) followed by a 42 mm layer of rubber (k = 0.118 w/mk). The 65.4 w/m
2
k, while the
out side air is at 20
o
C, 14.3 w/m
2
k.
45. Equivalent thermal resistance of the composite wall would be:
A) 3.177
o
C/w B) 0.3177
o
C/w C) 3.146
o
C/w D) 5.989
o
C/w
46. Overall heat transfer coefficient based on the inner surface area, would be:
A) 0.2225 w/m
2
k B) 2.225 w/m
2
k C) 22.25 w/m
2
k D) 0.022 w/m
2
k
47. Heat transfer rate in the system is
A) 188.8 w B) 18.88 w C) 188.8 kw D) 18.88 kw
48. Temperature drop on the outer surface would be
A) 14.7
o
C B) 9.4
o
C C) 6.64
o
C D) 4.37
o
C
49. If Ui and Uo are the overall heat transfer coefficient based on inner and outer surface areas of a composite
cylinder, then
A) Ui < Uo B) Ui > Uo C) Ui
>
<
Uo D) Ui = Uo
50. In a composite cylinder of id = 18 cm, Ui = 21.6 w/m
2
k and Uo = 18.5 w/m
2
k. Overall thickness of the
cylinder is:
A) 30.1 mm B) 27.9 mm C) 15.08 mm D) 13.9 mm
51. The concept of critical thickness of insulation is applicable only to:
A) walls B) wires C) all geometries D) None
52. An electrical cable of 12 mm od is to be insulated with plastic (k = 0.118 w/mk). If h = 12.6 w/m
2
k. The
ideal thickness of insulation would be:
A) 2.6 mm B) 3.3 mm C) 5.77 mm D) 11.55 mm
53. An electronic instrument in the term of a cylinder is observed to produce best results when its outer most
diameter is 28mm. keeping all the parameters same, it is proposed to have the instrument in spherical form.
Then the ideal diameter would be:
A) 112 mm B) 84 mm C) 56 mm D) 14 mm
54. When a wall is insulated, the heat transfer rate:
A) Increases B) Decreases
C) Firs Increases then Decreases D) First Decreases then Increases
55. Fins are employed to:
A) Decreases Heat Transfer Rate B) Control Heat Transfer Rate
C) Increase Heat Transfer Rate D) All the above
56. Fins would be were effective in:
A) Water B) Air C) oil D) None
57. The following is the best material for fins:
A) Copper B) Wood C) Brass D) Aluminium
58. Governing differential equation for temperature distribution in a fin is given by:
A)
2
2
2
d
+m = 0
dx
B)
2
2
2

-m = 0
x

C)
2
2
2

+m = 0
x

D)
2
2
2

-m = 0
d x

59. Temperature profile in a long fin would be:
A) Linear B) Exponential C) Hyperbolic D) Logarithmic
60. Temperature profile in a fin would be flattest when the fin material is:
A) Brass B) cast iron C) wild steel D) Wood
Data for Q.61 to Q.66
A long aluminium fin (k = 198 w/mk) of 18mm diameter is attached to a transformer at 210
o
C. The medium is at
30
o
C, 17.1 w/m
2
k
61. Temperature of the fin at 20 cm from the surface would be:
A) 74.9
o
C B) 88.2
o
C C) 104.9
o
C D) 134.9
o
C
62. The location where the fin temperature is 100
o
C would be:
A) 32.16 cm B) 21.5 cm C) 12.5 cm D) 25.7 cm
63. Hear dissipated by each fin would be:
A) 39.7 w B) 36.4 w C) 29.2 w D) 26.8 w
64. Number of such fins required, if the total heat generated by transformer is 2.75 kw, is
A) 65 B) 70 C) 78 D) 111
65. Fin efficiency if the length is 1.2m, is:
A) 28% B) 23% C) 19% D) 13%
66. Effectiveness of the fin would be:
A) 54.2 B) 50.7 C) 44.6 D) 41.3
67. Efficiency of a fin is a measure of:
A) size of the fin B) cost of the fin C) Thermal performance D) All the above
68. Fin effectiveness is a measure of:
A) size of the fin B) cost of the fin C) Thermal performance D) All the above
69. Temperature distribution in a short fin with end insulation is given by:
A)
s
sinhm(L - x)
=
sinhmL
B)
s
coshm(L - x)
=
sinhmL
C)
s
sinhm(L - x)
=
coshmL
D)
s
coshm(L - x)
=
coshmL
70. Heat transfer rate from a short fin with end insulation is given by:
A) q = KAP s tanhmL B) q = Khm s tanhmL
C) q = kAM s tanhmL D) q = Kpm s tanhmL
Data for Q.71 Q.77
A brass fin (k = 108 w/mk) of 12 mm diameter and 15cm length is attached to a surface at 150
o
C. It is subjected
to air at 30
o
C with = 12.8 w/m
2
k. The end is insulated.
71. Temperature at 6 cm from the surface is:
A) 128.3
o
C B) 124.5
o
C C) 94.5
o
C D) 64.5
o
C
72. Minimum temp. in the fin would be:
A) 111.1
o
C B) 81.1
o
C C) 74.3
o
C D) 51.1
o
C
73. Location where the temp. is 120
o
C would be:
A) 4.3 cm B) 5.8 cm C) 7.6 cm D) 10.4 cm
74. Heat transfer rate from the fin is:
A) 9.46 w B) 6.77 w C) 9.2 w D) 10 w
75. If 125 such fins are employed, total heat transfer rate, in kw, would be:
A) 1.182 B) 1.15 C) 0.847 D) 1.25
76. Fin efficiency, in % is:
A) 84.3% B) 78.3% C) 63.5% D) 58.7%
77. Effectiveness of the fin would be:
A) 39.02 B) 52.98 C) 78.3 D) 91.6
78. Temperature distribution in a sheet fin with free end is given by:
A)
m
coshm(L - x) + sinhm(L - x)
hk
m
coshmL + sinhmL
hk
_

,
_

,
B)
coshm(L - x)
coshmL
C)
h
coshm(L - x) + sinhm(L - x)
mk
h
coshmL + sinhmL
mk
_

,
_

,
D)
sinhm(L - x)
sinhmL
79. Heat transfer rate from a short fin with free-end is given by:
A) KAm s coshmL B) KAm s tanhmL
C)
s
coshmL+(h/mk)
KAm
1+(h/mk)coshmL
1
1
]
D)
s
tanhmL+(h/mk)
KAm
1+(h/mk)atnhmL
1
1
]
Data for Q.80 Q.85
A cast from fin of 10mm square cross-section and 12 cm length is attached to a surface at 180
o
C. The
surrounding fluid is at 25
o
C with h = 17.1 w/m
2
k. For cast from: K = 51/2 w/mk
80. Temperature of the fin at 3cm from the surface would be:
A) 115
o
C B) 140
o
C C) 148
o
C D) 154
o
C
81. Temperature at free-end would be:
A) 71
o
C B) 84
o
C C) 96
o
C D) 109
o
C
82. Fin-efficiency, in %, is:
A) 64.36% B) 69.4% C) 71.2% D) 77.2%
83. Heat transfer rate from the fin is:
A) 11.67 w B) 10.15 w C) 9.68 w D) 8.14 w
84. If total heat load is 2.25 kw, number of such fins required would be
A) 277 B) 222 C) 193 D) 233
85. The effectiveness of the fin is:
A) 34.5 B) 30.7 C) 29.6 D) 26.8
86. The slope of the temperature profile at free end of a short fin would be
A) (+)ve B) zero C) (-)Ve D) None
87. The slope of the temperature profile at the insulated end of a short fin is:
A) (+)ve B) zero C) (-)Ve D) None
88. Mode of heat transfer in fins is:
A) Convection B) Conduction
C) Conduction & Convection D) None
89. A long fin of 18 mm diameter has one of its ends in a finance and the other end in air at 30
o
C, 14.2 w/m
2
k.
Under steady-state conditions, temperature at two locations, 28 cm, apart are found to be 91
o
C and 55
o
C.
Thermal conductivity (k) of fin material, in w/mk, is:
A) 312 B) 286 C) 244 D) 190
90. Effectiveness of a fin would be always:
A) > 1.0 B) < 1.0 C)
>
<
1.0 D) = 1.0