Journal of Sound and Vibration (1990) 142(2), 213-226

NON-LINEAR

VIBRATIONS

OF

SIMPLY

SUPPORTED

RECTANGULAR
GAJBIR SINGH,

CROSS-PLY
RAJUAND

PLATES
RAO

K. KANAKA

G. VENKATESWARA

Structural Design and Analysis Division, Structural Engineering Group, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Trivandrum 695 022, India
AND

N.G.R.

IYENGAR

Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India

(Received 15 May 1989, and in revised form 7 December 1989) A method of direct numerical integration of the frequency-ratio expression is proposed to study the non-linear free vibration behaviour of rectangular cross-ply laminates. The proposed method, even with singie-term approximations for the admissillie functions, yields results that agree very well with the existing perturbation solutions. Non-linear behaviour of the cross-ply laminates is also studied with the harmonic oscillations assumption, by using the conservation of energy and the modal equation. The results are found to be lower and upper bounds to those obtained from the direct numerical integration method. It is also observed that the arithmetic mean of the two solutions with the harmonic oscillations assumption matches very well with that of the direct numerical integration method. Non-linear vibration characteristics are obtained for several configurations of cross-ply plates. Results for orthotropic and isotropic plates are also obtained as special cases.

Composite materials are finding increasing applications in modern aerospace and automobile structures. This is primarily due to their high strength and stiffness to weight ratio, and the lower machining and maintenance costs associated with composite materials. However, the analysis of composite structures is more complex when compared to metallic structures, because composite structures are anisotropic and are characterized by bendingstretching coupling. Very often these structures are subjected to severe environmental conditions, which necessitates the study of their vibration behaviour in the non-linear domain. This topic has attracted many researchers and a number of approximate methods have been developed, in view of the complexity of the problem, to study the non-linear vibration behaviour of cross-ply plates, which are of common occurence in practical structures such as solar panels. Sathyamoorthy [l] and Chia [2] have presented many references on approximate analytical methods and numerical methods for large amplitude vibrations of plates. Ambartsumyan [3] and Hassert and Nowinski [4] reported on non-linear vibrations of single-layer orthotropic plates. Wu and Vinson [5] evaluated non-linear frequencies of orthotropic plates using Berger s [6] approximation. Furthermore, Wu and Vinson [7] extended their earlier work to symmetric laminates. The lack of symmetry about the mid-plane of a laminate exhibits bending-stretching coupling. The effect of this coupling in non-linear dynamic plate theory was recognized
213
~~2pimxion/mn7l~+ .__._, ._ ,__-___ 14 _ 9nuwo __.__, @ 1990Academic
Press Limited

214

G. SINGH

ETAL.

by Whitney and Leissa [8]. Bannet [9] presented the non-linear free vibration response of simply supported angle-ply plates. Chandra and Raju [lo-121 studied the largeamplitude flexural vibrations of cross-ply and angle-ply plates. Their study is based on the two-term perturbation solution for non-symmetric laminates. The modal equation for non-symmetric laminate usually has even and odd powers of the amplitude (see equation (14) of section 2). The perturbation method used by Chandra and Raju [lo-121 and many other researchers may fail when the coefficient of the even power of the amplitude is larger than the other two. In view of this, in the present paper, a direct numerical integration method which does not suffer from this problem is proposed to study the non-linear free flexural vibrations of antisymmetric cross-ply plates. Largeamplitude vibrations of these plates are also studied with the harmonic oscillations assumption, yielding two solutions based on energy conservation and the equation of motion. The arithmetic mean of these two solutions matches very well with the result from direct integration method. A number of sample problems are presented to illustrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the method.
7 _. FnRMlll ATInN . .,~.I,~vy ..~vI. AND .l. XII lITInN yl..,..v..

Consider a thin rectangular plate of total thickness t composed of many orthotropic layers, layered at 0 and 90 alternately. The origin of the Cartesian co-ordinate system is located in the mid-plane with the Z-axis perpendicular to this plane as shown in Figure 1. The material of each layer is assumed to possess a plane of elastic symmetry parallel to the mid-plane (x-y plane). Since the plate is assumed to have large-amplitude motion, the dynamic von K&-rniln type strain-displacement relations are used:
a~ 1 aw ' .T2=-t- ) ay 2 () ay

au au awdw &,5=2&*2=-+-+--, ay ax ax ay
Kg=zK!z=

K!=

-d2W/dX2,

K2=

-d2W!ay2,

-2 a2w/axay.

(1)

Here u, v, w are the mid-plane displacements in the X, Y and 2 directions respectively. The stresses and moment resultants per unit length are defined as (Ni, Mi)=/2
-r/2

(l,Z)Ui dz, ((rl = a,, u2 = a,,, o6 = axy).

(2)

where Vi (i = 1,2,6) are the in-plane stress components

Figure 1. Geometry of a cross-ply plate.

CROSS-PLY

PLATE

NON-LINEAR

VIBRATIONS

215 for the mth layer,

For monoclinic behaviour in plate co-ordinates, are

in each layer, the constitutive

equations

(3)

where Qi, are the reduced stiffness coefficients of the mth layer in the plate co-ordinates. Now, from equations (2) and (3), the plate constitutive equations are given by (4) where A,, B, and 0, are the respective twisting stiffness coefficients defined as (A,,, B,,, Dij)=C in-plane, bending-in-plane and bending or

I Q;T (l, z, z ) dz, m I =,,I

(5)

where z, is the distance from the mid-plane to the lower surface of the mth layer. The strain energy (U) and kinetic energy (T) of an antisymmetric cross-ply laminates can be written as (1 b UC; (A,,E:+~A,~E~E~+A~~E:+A~~E:, II0 0
+2B,,&,K,+2B22E2K*+D,,K:+2D12K,K2+D22K:+D66K~)dxdy. (6)

and a
7-z; b (1 pfti)G2 dx d_v

li 0

(7)

(with in-plane inertia neglected) where pi, ti are the density and thickness of the ith layer and u and b are the dimensions of the plate. The non-linear free-vibration response of the plate can be obtained by introducing first the following two sets of admissible functions [13, 141, for simply supported boundary conditions: u= U(t)sin2mrx
a

n=y sin -, b

m7Tx z1= V(t)sin-sina

2nry b

w= W(t)sin-

m7TX n=y sin -; b a (8)

u= U(t) cos-

m7rx a

sin %, b

mrx ZI= V(t) sin cos cz? a b

w= W(t)sin-

m7rx a

n7ry sin -. b (9)

Here m and n are the numbers of half sine waves in the x- and y-directions respectively. These sets of admissible functions (8), (9) satisfy the following displacement boundary conditions, respectively: for x = 0, a, forx=O,a, Substituting equations u=fj=w=O; v=w=O; for y=O,b, for y = 0, b, u=u=w=O; u = w = 0. (10) (11) (6) and (7) gives

(l), (8) and (1) and (9) in the energy expressions T,U + ~,V2+2T5UW+2T,VW+2T7UW2+2T2UV

U =(ab/8)[T,W*+

+2T4VW2+~T9W3+;T,oW4], T=(ab/8)(C pit,)ti .

(12) (13)

216
The

G. SINGH

ET AL.

coefficients T,- T,, for boundary conditions (IO) are T = --4c,

n7T
Tz=~(~)(~)(A1z+Ad, T;&)2A66+(~)2A22,

3nw ( b )

T,=~[2(~)3A2r(~)2(~)~A~rAdb)lt T5=-4c, 171773 3m7r ( a )

Te=(y)2A,,+(y)2A66,

T,=&

,2(~~ A,,-(~)(~)2~A,*-A~~~,,

T,=(~)4D,,+2(~)2(~)2~~,*+2~~~~+(~)4~~*,

Tg=&

[ (y)4B,,+(y)4B2z],

TIO=;[(~)~AH+(~)~A,,]+~(~)~(~)~(A,,+~A&

and for boundary conditions

T,=( T,=(y)2Aee+(y)2A,,, T

(11) are
3B22, ) Tz=(~)(~)(A,,+A,,).

T4=&[A22(~)3+(~)2(~)CA,,-A,,)l,

T,=(

= )

3Bl,,

T,=(y)2A,,+(y)2A66,

T,=;[A,,(~)3+(~)(~)2tA~z-Ad]. T,=(54D,,+2[(92(52(D,,t2D,,)+(!f)4D2z],

T~=$$[(~) BH+(~)~Bzz],

T,o=~[(~)~A,,+(~)~A~z]+~(~)~(~)~~A,,+~A,J,

where c,=l-(-l)m, c,=l-(-l), and c,, =c,c,. Based on the Hamilton s principle, the variation of the Lagrangian L = U - T provides the governing equation of motion as
(Cpiti)3+(YW+PW2+yW3=0, (14)

with (Y= T,+(ZT,T,T,y = T,,+2(2T,T,T,T,T:T:T,)/(T,T,T;),

/3= T,+3(T,T4T,+T,T2T,-T,T,T,--T,T,T,)/(T,T,-T:), T,T:T:T,)/( T3T6- T:).

CROSS-PLY

PLATE

NON-LINEAR

VIBRATIONS

217

By multiplying equation (14) by 3 and integrating with respect to time, or by equating U and T as given in equations (12) and (13), the following energy balance equation is obtained: (1 piti)ti2+aw2+$w3+$yw4= H =constant. (15)

For a harmonic solution w = w. cos wt, choice of equations (14) and (15) at w = w,) yields, respectively, (%J%)2= and (WNL/w,)2= l+&?/(Y)Wg+f(Y/a)w:,. (17) l+(Pla)wo+(rla)wi, (16)

Chandra and Raju [lo] have solved the equation of motion (14) by a perturbation method for small finite values of amplitude to yield the solution

(~NLI~L)*=(TL/~NL)~=~+[~~Y/~)-~(P/~~~Iw~.

(18)

This solution suggests that the sign of the amplitude does not affect the frequencies, whereas the harmonic solutions (16) and (17) reveal that the non-linear frequencies could differ with amplitude sign. Secondly, the perturbation method fails when [&/(Y)-&?/a) ]w;< -1.0. (19)

Hence, a direct numerical integration scheme is now used, to evaluate the non-linear to linear frequency ratios as follows. From equation (15), the constant H can be computed for linear and non-linear vibrations as
HL = (C pir;)C2+aw2, (20a)

and
HNL=(CP~~~)~~+(~W*+SPW~+~~W~. (20b)

At w = w,,, (3 = 0), the constants H, and HNL become

HL = aw:,,

and

HNL = aw;,,+$w;,,+~yw4,,,.

(20~ 4

Substituting expressions (20~) and (20d) in equation (15), and rearranging the resulting equation suitably, leads to 2~ T,=4
OL

Wmdi i0 J

dw

(214
dw

(H~-aw')/(E~ilt)'

2~
WNL

TNL=4

Wm*l I0 J

(2lb)

(HNL-(~w*-_~w~-~~w~)/(CP~~~)'

Using equations (21a) and (21b) then gives

@NL -=WL TL TNL

dw
(H~-aw')I(C~ifi)

dw
J(H~~-aw'-Spw~-tyw~)l(C~,ti)

218

G.

SINGH

ET AL.

and denominator can be evaluated by using Gauss The integrands in the numerator rule. In the present study a five-point Gauss rule has been used to compute the frequency ratios. It can be noticed that no solution is assumed in time when deriving the expressions for the non-linear frequency (21b) and the frequency ratio (22). Further, the expressions (21b) and (22) by themselves show that the sign of the amplitude can alter the non-linear frequency and frequency ratios, in contrast to the prediction from the perturbation solution (18). The linear frequency can be easily obtained from equations (14) and (15) as ml.=-.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

(23)

On the basis of the results for the frequency ratios given by the above different methods, it is found that the present numerical integration scheme yields results which match with those of the perturbation method for the isotropic, orthotropic and cross-ply square plates, and solutions (16) and (17) obtained based on harmonic oscillations assumption are found to yield results which form upper and lower bounds to those of the other two methods. An arithmetic mean of the solutions (16) and (17) gives (WVLIW)* = (7-L/ TAX)*= 1 +SV~)%+:(rl~)& (24)

which is exactly the same as expression (18), in the absence of p (p =0 for square cross-ply plates). It can be observed from the numerical results presented later that the ratios of the non-linear frequency to linear frequency obtained from expression (24) are in close agreement with those of the numerical integration method. Linear frequencies for plates of various aspect ratios and different number of layers have been computed and on comparison with those of Jones [14] they are found to be exactly the same; thus they are not presented here. As obtained from the expressions (16), (17), (18) and (22), calculated frequency ratios (wNL/wL) are presented for isotropic, orthotropic, symmetric and antisymmetric cross-ply plates. Effects of modulus ratio and aspect ratio on non-linear frequency are brought out. Boundary conditions of the type shown in equation (10) are used in Tables l-4 and 11 for purposes of comparison and the results for boundary conditions (11) are presented in Tables 5- 10. The linear frequency parameter AL= (cob / r2)w for isotropic plates and hL = (cob*/ 7r2)J12 C piti/ ETt3 for orthotropic and cross-ply plates are given in Tables l-10. The frequency ratios ( OJ~JOJ~) for a square isotropic plate are presented in Table 1. Results are given for two mode shapes, rn = 1, n = 1 and m = 2, n = 1. The frequency ratio computed from expressions (18) and (22) are in good agreement with those of reference [15] and the one computed from equation (17) compare well with those of references [13,16-181, wherein the effect of in-plane inertia also has been considered. Furthermore, the expressions (16) and (17) yield upper and lower bounds respectively on the frequency ratios, and their arithmetic mean matches very well with the direct integration solution and coincides exactly with the perturbation solution because for this problem (p = 0). A similar trend in the behaviour of the frequencies also can be seen at higher modes (m = 2, n = 1). In all the cases, the effect of non-linearity increases with amplitude. Furthermore, from the table it can be seen that for the mode m = 2, n = 1 the effect of non-linearity is greater. The frequency ratios for a rectangular plate of aspect ratio two are given in Table 2. The results computed by using the perturbation solution (18) and the numerical integration scheme (22) compare well with those of reference [15] and those computed from

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220

G. SINGH

E-J-AL.

expression (17) match very well with those of references [ 13,16-181. From Tables 1 and 2, it is clearly seen that as the aspect ratio increases, the non-linearity increases for the first fundamental mode. Otherwise, results for a rectangular plate show behaviour tendencies similar to those of a square plate. The non-linear frequency to linear frequency ratio values at different amplitudes for a square orthotropic and two layered cross-ply are presented in Tables 3 and 4 along with values from references [lo, 121. It can be seen that a close agreement exists between the present values obtained by using equations (18) and (22) and the referenced values. From all these comparisons, it can be seen that the proposed direct numerical integration scheme with a one term approximation to the in-plane and lateral displacements predicts the non-linear free-vibration behaviour of isotropic, orthotropic and cross-ply plates very accurately. Further results for symmetric and antisymmetric cross-ply plates based on the direct numerical integration scheme are presented in Tables 5-10. In Table 5 are given the frequency ratios for various amplitudes, for square plate having modulus ratio 40. The table contains solutions for two- and four-layered antisymmetric and four-layered symmetric cross-ply plates, with the total thickness of the plate kept constant, for rn = 1, n = 1 and m = 2, n = 1. It is clear from the table that a two-layered plate has the largest oNL/wL for all amplitudes, whereas the symmetric lay-up (oO/90/900/oO) has the smallest (for m = 1, n = 1 and m = 2, n = 1). The two symmetric lay-ups presented in Table 5 have the same non-linear frequency for M = 1, n = 1 and have a large variation in the other mode: i.e., m = 2, n = 1. Furthermore, the frequency ratio uNL/uL reduces with increase in number of layers for an antisymmetric lay-up. Frequency ratios mNL/wL at various amplitudes for a number of stack sequences of a rectangular plate having modulus ratio 40 and aspect ratio two are presented in Table 6. As in Table 5, the two-layered plate shows the largest non-linearity for m = 1, n = 1 and m = 2, n = 1 at all the amplitudes. The four-layered antisymmetric lay-up is found to have small wNL/oL at all the amplitudes for m = 1, n = 1 when compared to a four-layered symmetric cross-ply (Oa/900/900/0a), whereas the four-layered symmetric stack (90/Oo/Oo/900) has the smallest non-linearity. Furthermore, the two symmetric stacks have exactly the same non-linear frequency for the mode m = 2, n = 1. On comparison with results of Table 5, it can be seen that wNL/wL increases with aspect ratio for the first three lay-ups and decreases for a symmetric lay-up (90/Oo/Oo/9~). Results for rectangular plates of aspect ratio four, which are found to be of a similar nature, are given in Table 7. In Tables 8-10 are given frequency ratios at various amplitudes for plates having aspect ratios 1, 2 and 4, and different stack sequences. The modulus ratio considered in these computations is 10. By comparing the frequency ratios of Tables 5-7 with the corresponding ratios of Tables 8-10, it can be observed that the effect of non-linearity is greater for plates of higher modulus ratios. However, the symmetric lay-up (90/Oo/00/900) shows the reverse trend. The two symmetric lay-ups chosen, i.e., (O/90/900/Oo) and (90/Oo/Oo/900), will yield the same frequency for a square plate with m = 1, n = 1 and for rectangular plates say a/b = 2.0, with m = 2, n = 1 and so on. From the results presented in Tables 5-10 it can be seen that for antisymmetric cross-ply plates, the frequency ratio (wNL/wL) increases with increase of aspect ratio, modulus ratio and for higher modes (e.g., m = 2, n = l), and reduces with increase in number of layers. For the two symmetric lay-ups considered no general conclusion could be drawn, because wNL/wL ratios are mainly dependent on the bending stiffness distribution in the two directions, which differs appreciably in symmetric stacks. The effect of sign and magnitude of the amplitude (solution of equation (22)) on the non-linear frequency ratio for a simply supported six layered antisymmetric cross-ply (0 /90), rectangular plate (a/b = 2-O), with immovable edges, is shown in Table 11. It

TABLE

Comparison

of frequency

ratios of a square orthotropic plate

Material : glass [ 141 AL (m = 1, n = 1) = 2.2121 AL (m=2,n=l)=6.3631 Eq. (22) Eq. (18) Eq. (16) Eq. (17) Eq. (22) Ref. [12]t Eq. (18)

Material : carbon hL(m=l,n=l)=3.2121 hL(m=2,n=l)=ll.3794 [ 141

Mode shape We/t

Eq. (16)

Eq. (17)

Ref. [12]t 1.060 1.250 1.450 1.750 2NIO 2.350 2.650 3.000 -

m = 1 n=l

0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0 1.0638 1.2355 1.4779 1.7622 2-0712 2.3952 I.0599 1.2249 1.4565 1.7277 2.0229 2.3330 1.060 1.250 1.460 1.750 2.000 2.350 1.0942 1.3376 1.6660 2.0387 2.4355 2.8464 1.0482 1.1809 1.3740 1.6057 1.8617 2.1333

1.0668 1.2460 1.4978 1.7918 2.1104 2.4414 2.7874 3.1373 3.4916 3.8492

1.0339 1.1297 1.2735 1.4509 1.6513 1.8673 2@++0 2.3283 2.5682 2.8121 1.0505 l-1893 1.3902 1.6303 1.8949 2.1749 24652 2.7626 3.0648 3.3708 1.0476 1.1812 1.3733 1 a6025 1.8551 2-1229 24009 2.6860 2.9762 3-2702 l-050 1.185 1.375 1.625 1.900 2.150 2.450 2.700 3.000 3.300 1.0836 I -3027 1.6026 1.9463 2.3143 2.6968 3.0884 3.4859 3.8876 4.2924 1.0427 1.1612 1.3357 1.5472 1.7827 2.0338 2.2954 2.5643 2.8385 3.1164

1.0633 1.2339 1.4752 1.7581 2.0657 2.3885 2.7209 3.0600 3.4037 3.7507 1.0714 1.2617 1.5270 1.8350 2.1677 2.5152

1.0596 1.2235 1.4539 1.7238 2.0177 2.3265 2.645 1 2.9705 3.3006 3.6342 1.0672 1.2497 1.5029 1.7969 2.1147 24475

1.070 1.250 1.500 1.800 2.100 2.400

m=2 n = 1

0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8

1.0842 1.3045 1.6059 1.9512 2.3208 2.7049

l-0429 1.1623 1.3377 1.5504 l-7869 2-0391

t Values read from graph.

222

G.SINGH

ETAL.

TABLE 4

Comparison of frequency ratios of two layered cross-ply plate; AL (m = 1, n = 1) = 2.2022

Glass properties [lo]

Mode shape w0/ t m=l n=l o-3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3-o Eq. (16) 1.0674 1.2481 1.5016 1.7974 2.1179 2.4534 2.7985 3.1501 3.5062 3.8655 Eq. (17) 1.0343 1.1309 1.2757 1.4544 1.6561 1.8734 1.1014 2.3370 2.5781 2.8233 Eq. (18) 1.0510 1.1909 1.3932 1.6350 1.9011 2.1827 2.4746 2.7735 3.0773 3.3848 Eq. (22) 1.0480 1.1827 1.3762 1.6069 1.8610 2.1304 2.4099 2.6965 2.9882 3.2836 Ref. [lo] 1.050 1.200 1.400 1.650 1.900 2.200 2.500 2.800 3.050 3.333

TABLE

Frequency ratios of a square cross-ply plate; EL/ ET = 40; GLT/ ET = 0.5; uLT = 0.25

Mode shape w,/ t m=l n=l 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.50 2.00
AL

%w/~L
0/90 1.1433 1.5003 1.9517 24463 3.4917 4.5693 3.9184 1.1899 1.6411 2.1922 2.7852 4.0229 5.2894 10.9904 w/9cY/o/900 1.0634 1.2388 1.4832 1.7679 2.4000 3.0729 6.0425 1.0820 1.3025 1.6010 1.9416 2.6850 3.4666 17.3056 o/900/900/00 1.0535 1.2038 1.4172 1.6691 2.2355 2.8439 6.6004 1.0435 1.1678 1.3480 1.5643 2.0584 2.5955 24.0575 90/oo/00/900 1.0535 1.2038 1.4172 1.6691 2.2355 2.8439 6.6004 1.1669 1.5727 2.0761 2.6222 3.7681 4.9444 11.8038

m=2 n=l

0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.50 2.00

AL

can be seen that the frequency ratios change with the sign of the amplitude; words, the plate stiffness in the positive and negative z directions is different configuration.
4. CONCLUDING REMARKS

in other for this

A general theory of antisymmetric cross-ply plates based on Kirchhoff s hypothesis incorporating von Karman type strain-displacement relations has been used to study the large-amplitude vibrations of cross-ply plates. The bending and extension coupling is found to increase the frequency ratios and reduce the linear frequencies. The arithmetic

CROSS-PLY

PLATE

NON-LINEAR TABLE 6

VIBRATIONS

223

Frequency

ratios of a rectangular

(a/b = 2.0) cross-ply plate; VL7= 0.25

EJ ET = 40; GLT = 0.5;

~NL/~L
Mode shape Walt 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.50 2.00 Al. m=2 n=l 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.50 2.00 AL 0/90 1.1516 1.5254 1.9949 2.5074 3.5876 4.6994 2.7476 1.1777 1.6049 2.1310 2.6993 3.8888 5.1079 3.9184 0/90/0/90 1.0645 0/90/90/0 1.1327 1.4674 1.8946 2.3652 3.3634 4.3949 2.9509 1.0672 1.2519 1.5077 1.8042 2.4600 3.1561 6.6004 90/w/oo/900 1.0340 1.1331 1.2798 I.4593 1.8777 2.3396 6.0144 1.0672 I.2519 1.5077 1.8042 2.4600 3.1561 6.6004

m=l
n=l

1.2427
1.4905 1.7787 2.4178 3.0976 4.3264 1.0795 1.2942 1.5857 1.9193 2.6486 3.4166 6.0425

TABLE

Frequency ratios of a rectangular (a/b = 4.0) cross-ply plate; EL/ ET = 40; GLT/ ET = 0.5; uLT = 0.25

%I./%
Mode shape m=l n=l W0l t 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.50 2.00 oO/90 1.1575 1.5437 2.0263 2.5518 3.6575 4.7943 2.5996 m=2 n=l 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.50 2.00
AL

0/900/00/900 1.0653 1.2454 1.4956 1.7863 2.4303 3.1148 4.1552 1.0820 1.3025 1.6010 1.9416 2.6849 3.4666 4.3264

0/900/900/oo 1.1707 I.5838 2.0951 2.6489 3.8099 5.0011 2.4855 1.1669 1.5727 2.0761 2.6222 3.7681 4.9444 2.95 10

90/0/0/90 1.0326 1.1275 1.2688 1.4423 1.8479 2.2971 5.9464 1.0435 1.1678 1.3480 1.5642 2.0584 2.5955 6.0144

1.1899 1.6411 2.1922 2.7852 4.0229 5.2894 2.7476

224

G. SINGH

ET AL.

TABLE 8

Frequency ratios of a square cross-ply plate; EL/ ET = 10; GLT/ ET = O-5; uLT = 0.25 wwl
WOl t
WL

Mode shape

o / 90
1.0853 1.3136 1.6212 1.9713 2.733 1 3.5329 2.7839 1.1170 1.4176 1.8073 2.2404 3.1654 4.1250 7.4680

0/900/oo/900

0/900/900/00

90/00/00/900

m=l n=l

0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.50 2.00

AL

O-0556 1.2113 1.4315 1.6906 2.2715 2.8941 3.4809 1.0729 1.2718 1.5446 1.8589 2.5499 3.2804 9.5926

1.0498 1.1907 1.3922 1.6314 2.1722 2.7553 3.6841 1.0441 1.1701 1.3524 1.5711 2.0699 2.6118 12.4517

1.0498 1.1907 1.3922 1.6314 2.1722 2.7553 3.6841 1.1224 1.4346 1.8373 2.2834 3.2337 4.2182 7.2909

m=2 n=l

0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.50 2.00

AL

TABLE 9

Frequency

ratios of a rectangular (a/b = 2) cross-ply plate; EL/ ET = 10; GLT/ ET = 0.5; VLT. = 0.25
wNL IWL

Mode shape

Wolt
0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.50 2.00

0/90 1.0955 1.3457 1.6781 2.0530 2.8634 3.7107 1.8670

oQ/90/oo/900 1.0588 1.2222 1.4516 1.7204 2.3206 2.9620 2.3982 1.0663 1.2489 1.5022 1.7961 24466 3.1375 3.4809

o/900/900/oo 1.0986 1.3579 1.7013 2.0877 2.9210 3.7908 1.8227 1.0595 1 e2250 1.4573 1.7293 2.3360 2.9840 3.6841

9o/oo/oo/900 1.0352 1.1375 1.2885 1.4729 1.6795 2.3730 3.1129 1.0595 1.2250 1.4573 1.7293 2.3360 2.9840 3.6841

m=l n=l

m=2

n=l

0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.50 2.00

1.1014 1.3669 1.7175 2.1111 2.9585 3.8423 2.7839

mean of the two solutions obtained with the harmonic oscillations assumption leads to results which are very close to those obtained from the direct numerical integration solution. An increase in the aspect ratio or modulus ratio increases the effect of nonlinearity for antisymmetric cross-ply plates. The direct numerical integration method proposed herein yields accurate frequency ratios and is more general.

CROSS-PLY PLATE NON-LINEAR TABLE 10

VIBRATIONS

225

Frequency ratios of a rectangular (a/b = 4.0) cross-ply plate; EL/ ET = 10; GLT/ ET = 0.5; VLT= 0.25
ONL IWL

Mode shape m=l n=l W0l f 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 I.50 2.00 AL m=2 n=l 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.50 2.00
AL

0/90 1.1034 1.3722 1.7259 2.1225 2.9757 3.8650 1.7044 1.1170 1.4176 1.8073 2.2404 3.1654 4.1250 1.8670

0/900/oo/900 1.0613 1.2310 1.4683 1.7455 2.3624 3.0204 2.2346 1.0729 1.2718 1.5446 1.8589 2.5498 3.2804 2.3982

0/900/900/00 1.1259 1.4459 1.8572 2.3117 3.2788 4.2796 1.5263 1.1224 1.4346 1.8373 2.2834 3.2337 4.2182 1.8228

9o/00/oo/900 I.0342 1.1337 1.2811 1.4613 1.8811 2.3444 3.0159 1.0441 I.1701 1.3524 I.5710 2.0699 2.6118 3.1129

TABLE

11

Frequency ratio ( wNL/oL) variation with amplitude for a six-layered antisymmetric cross-ply plate; E,l ET = 10; GLT/ ET = 0.5; VLT= 0.25 -

2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 -0.5 -1.0 -1.5 -2.0

2.4744 1.9310 1.4412 1.0785 1.0 1.2672 I.7201 2.2479 2.8099

REFERENCES M. SATHYAMOORTHY 1987 Applied Mechanics Review 40, 1553-1561. Non-linear vibration analysis of plates: a review and survey of current development. C. Y. CHIA 1980 Non-linear Analysis of Plates. New York: McGraw-Hill. S. A. AMBARTSUMYAN 1970 Theoryof Anisotropic Plates. Stanford, Connecticut: Technomic (English translation). J. E. HASSERT and J. L. NOWINSKI 1962 Proceedings, 5th Inrernational Symposium on Space Technology and Science, Tokyo, 561-570. Nonlinear transverse vibration of a flat rectangular orthotropic plate supported by stiff rig.

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5.

G. SINGH

ET

AL.

6. 7.

8. 9.
10.

11. 12. 13.

14. 15. 16. 17.

18.

C. I. Wu and J. R. VINSON 1969 Journal of Composite Materials 3, 548-561. On non-linear oscillations of plates composed of composite material. H. M. BERGER 1955 Journal of Applied Mechanics 22,465-472. A new approach to the analysis of large deflection of plates. C. I. Wu and J. R. VINSON 1971 Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 59, 1561-1567. Non-linear oscillations of laminated specially orthotropic plates with clamped and simply supported edges. J. M. WHITNEY and A. W. LEISSA 1968 Journal of Applied Mechanics 36, 261-266. Analysis of heterogenous anisotropic plates. J. A. BANNET 1971 American Institute ofAeronautics and Astronautics Journal 9(10), 1997-2003. Non-linear vibrations of simply supported angle-ply plates. R. CHANDRA and B. B. RAJU 1975 Fibre Science and Technology 8, 243-264. Large amplitude flexural vibration of cross-ply laminated composite plates. R. CHANDRA 1976 Journal of Sound and Vibration 47, 509-514. Large deflection vibration of cross-ply laminated plates with certain edge conditions. Vibration 40,393-408. Large defleection R. CHANDRA and B. B. RAJU 1975 JournalofSoundand vibration of angle ply laminated plates. I. S. RAJU, G. VENKATESWARA RAO and K. KANAKA RAJU 1976 Journal of Sound and Vibration 49, 415-422. Effect of longitudinal or in-plane deformation and inertia on the large amplitude flexural vibrations of slender beams and thin plates. R. M. JONES 1975 Mechanics of Composite Materials. New York: McGraw-Hill. P. C. DUMIR and A. BHASKAR 1988 Journal of Sound and Vibration 123, 517-527. Some erroneous finite element formulations of non-linear vibrations of beams and plates. C. MEI and K. DECHA-UMPHAI 1985 Journal of Sound and Vibration 102, 369-380. A finite element method for non-linear forced vibrations of beams. C. MEI and K. DECHA-UMPHAI 1985 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Journal 23, 1104-l 110. A finite element method for non-linear forced vibrations of rectangular plates. K. DECHA-UMPHAI and C. MEI 1986 International Journal of Numerical Methods in Engineering 23, 1715-1726. Finite element method for non-linear forced vibrations of circular plates.