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Comparative Politics
Session 2012-2013 Course code: PLIT10061 Course convenor: Dr Pontus Odmalm Room: Chrystal Macmillan Building 3.20 E-mail: Pontus.Odmalm@ed.ac.uk Office hour: Friday, 3-5pm Course Tutor: Martin Booker E-mail: M.Booker@sms.ed.ac.uk Office hour: tba
1.
Introduction
What does comparative research involve? How can it help us to explain political processes and events? By using comparison as a method, and drawing on a wide range of cases and themes, the course will enable students to better understand key debates and developments in political science (and beyond).
2.
Learning Objectives
By the end of the course, students will be able to: a) demonstrate knowledge of the comparative method and its applications; b) show familiarity with core texts in the field of comparative politics; c) critically analyse key political processes and institutions in a comparative perspective, d) articulate an informed view about current debates and questions surrounding comparative politics.
3.
Teaching Methods
The course is taught in Semester 1 with the teaching format of 1 lecture/week for 10 weeks and 1 tutorial/week for 10 weeks. Detailed readings accompany each week's topic (see below). Lectures take place on Wednesdays, 11am 12am, David Hume Tower, Faculty Room South. The first lecture is on 19th September 2012. Tutorials take place on Thursday and Fridays and start in Week 1 please sign up on Learn. Please note that students who have not signed up for tutorials by the end of week 2 will be deemed to have dropped the course. Students are expected to read all of the core readings for each week. The core readings and other information relating to the course are available on Learn.
4.
Assessment
The course is assessed by a combination of (a) Learning Exercise (10%) + (b) Essay 1 (40%) + (c) Essay 2 (50%).
Students will team up and do a 10 minute presentation answering one of the questions specified for each week (starting in Week 3). The presentation will be timed exactly so it is important to work on time management and clearly define the division of labour. All presentations will be given a mark ( capped at 70%) with accompanying feedback (after the tutorial). The marking indicators are specified in the Presentation Feedback Form but students may also address further issues if necessary (under Further comments). Please note: students who are unable to do the Presentation (e.g. due to illness or absence) will be asked to write a 1000 word essay (referenced in the standard way) addressing their presentation question. The essay is to be submitted before Week 11 and e-mailed to the tutor. If the essay is not submitted, a mark of 0 will be awarded to the Presentation element. The essay mark is capped at 70%.
Please also note: if one presenter is missing, the other will do the presentation. ii) Participation
This part of the learning exercise consists of students marking and providing verbal feedback (for appr. 10 min.) on the presentation made during the tutorial. The way it works is as follows. Each pair fills in a Presentation Feedback Form during the presentation which is followed by comments and/or questions to the presenters . Comments can, e.g., involve suggestions for improvement or other types of constructive criticism. Questions can, e.g., relate to asking for clarification or further quizzing the presenters on why and how they arrived at their particular conclusion/s. The following marking indicators are used: a. Clarity? - e.g. do the presenters understand the questions/comments? Are they to the point? b. Quality? - e.g. constructive comments? Simplistic questions? c. Relevance? - e.g. do the questions/comments relate to the presentation topic? Are they of a Yes/No-character? Marks are capped at 30%. Please note: students who are unable to do the Participation element (e.g. due to illness or absence) will be asked to submit a 1000 word literature review on two of the core readings for the week in question. The literature review is to be submitted before Week 11 and e-mailed to the tutor. If the literature review is not submitted, a mark of 0 will be awarded for the Participation element. The mark for the literature review is capped at 30%. Please also note: if one discussant is missing, the other will do the marking of the presentation and provide the verbal feedback. The final mark for the Learning Exercise is calculated in the following way: Presentation [grade] + Participation [grade] x 0.10.
iv) v)
How can comparative research overcome the problem of same phenomena, different meanings? Large n comparisons: good for theory building, bad for everything else. Do you agree?
Please see the Honours Handbook for further information on submission of coursework; Late Penalty Waivers; plagiarism; learning disabilities, special circumstances; common marking descriptors, re-marking procedures and appeals.
Course schedule
Lecture topics Week 1 (19th Sept.) The Comparative Method (Pontus Odmalm) Week 2 (26th Sept.) Issues in Comparative Politics (Pontus Odmalm) Week 3 (3rd Oct.) The State and State Formation (Martin Booker) Week 4 (10th Oct.) Political Institutions (Carmen Gebhard) Week 5 (17th Oct.)Democracy and Democratisation (Luke March) Week 6 (24th Oct.) Institutional change: Revolutions (Luke March) Week 7 (31st Oct.) Parties and Elections (Luke March) Week 8 (7th Nov.) Territorial Politics (Carmen Gebhard) Week 9 (14th Nov.) Governing Divided Societies (Carmen Gebhard) Week 10 (21st Nov.) The Modern State: A Critical Perspective (Carmen Gebhard)
The following textbooks are good companion pieces to the core readings and will give students an idea of what is involved in comparative research: Bara, J. and Pennington, M. (2009) (ed.) Comparative Politics (London; Sage) (in library; e-book ordered) Caramani, D. (2011) (ed.) Comparative Politics, 2nd edition (Oxford: OUP). (in library; e-book ordered) Drogus, C.A. and Orvis, S. (2012) Introducing Comparative Politics: Concepts and Cases in Context, 2nd edition (London: Sage). (e-book ordered) Hague, R. and Harrop, M. (2010), Comparative Government and Politics, 8th edition (Basingstoke: Palgrave). (hard copies and e-book ordered) Lim, T.C. (2010), Doing Comparative Politics: An Introduction to Approaches and Issues, 2nd edition (Boulder: Lynne Riener). (in library; e-book ordered)
theoretical and conceptual approaches. Secondly, it will examine some generic patterns associated with the process of state formation. Finally, it will analyse some variations in the processes of state formation, looking at examples from Europe, Africa, Latina America and Asia. Core Readings Nettl, J.P. (1968) The state as a conceptual variable, World Politics 20(4):559-92. Barkey, K. and Parikh, S. (1991) Comparative perspectives on the state, Annual Review of Sociology 17: 523-49. Tilly, C. (1985) War making and state making as organized crime in Evans, P., Rueschemeyer, D. and Skocpol, T. (eds) Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), p. 169-187. Further Reading Abrams, P. (1988) Notes on the difficulty of studying the state, Journal of Historical Sociology 1(1):58-89. Ayoob, M. (1995) The Third World Security Predicaments: State Making, Regional Conflict, and the International System (Boulder: Lynne Rienner). Ayubi, N. N. (1995). Over-Stating the Arab State: Politics and Society in the Middle East (London: I.B. Tauris). Bates, R.H. (2001) Prosperity and Violence: the Political Economy of Development (London: W. W. Norton). Call, C. (2003) Democratisation, War and State-Building: Constructing the Rule of Law in El Salvador, Journal of Latin American Studies 35(4): 827-862. Cohen, Y., Brown, B.R. and Organski, A.F.K. (1981) The paradoxical nature of state making: the violent creation of order, The American Political Science Review 75(4):901-910. Herbst, J. (1990) War and the state in Africa, International Security 14(4): 117-139. Krasner, S.D. (2001) Abiding Sovereignty, International Political Science Review 22(3): 229-251. Mann, M. (1986) The autonomous power of the state: its origins, mechanism, and results, in Hall, J.A (ed.) States in History (Oxford: Basil Blackwell), p.109-136. Nettl, J.P. (1968) The state as a conceptual variable, World Politics 20(4): 559-92. Reinhard, W. (1996) Introduction: power elites, state servants, ruling classes, and the growth of state power in Reinhard, W. (ed.) Power Elites and State Building (New York: Oxford University Press), p. 1-19. Rosberg, C.G and Jackson, R.H. (1982) Why Africa's weak states persist: the empirical and the juridical in statehood, World Politics 35(1):1-24. Saouli, A. (2006) Stability under late state formation: the case of Lebanon, Cambridge Review of International Affairs 19(4):701-717. Skocpol, T. (1979) States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia and China (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). Thies, C.G. (2005) War, rivalry, and state building in Latin America, American Journal of Political Science 49(3): 451-465. Tilly, C. (1990) Coercion, Capital, and European States, A.D.990-1990 (Oxford: Basil Blackwell). Weber, M., Roth, G. and Wittich, C. (1979) Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology (Berkeley: University of California Press). Woo-Cumings, M. (1999) The Developmental State (Ithaca: Cornell University Press).
Presentation questions: 1) When, and why, do states fail? 2) To what extent is the process of state formation universal?
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ODonnell, G., Schmitter, P.C. and Whitehead, L. (1986) Transitions from Authoritarian Rule (Baltimore, MA: John Hopkins University Press). Offe, C. (1996) Designing institutions in East European transitions in (ed.) Goodin, R.E. The Theory of Institutional Design (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), p.199-227. Pei, M. (2006) China's Trapped Transition: The Limits of Developmental Autocracy (Cambridge, Mass.; Harvard University Press). Potter, D. (ed.) (1997) Democratization, Cambridge: Polity Press. Rose, R. and Shin, D. C. (2001) Democratization Backwards: the Problem of Third-Wave Democracies, British Journal of Political Science 31(2): 331-354. Rose, R. and Mishler, W. (2002) Comparing regime support in non-democratic and democratic countries, Democratization 9(2): 1-20. Tilly, C. (2000) Processes and mechanisms of democratization, Sociological Theory 18(1): 1-16. Zakaria, F. (1997) The Rise of Illiberal Democracy, Foreign Affairs 76(6): 22-43.(details). Presentation questions: 1) To what degree are the post-1989 transitions in Eastern and East-Central Europe similar or different from earlier waves of democratisation? 2) Is analysing regime change through the conceptual framework of democratic transition misleading and/or misguided?
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(Boulder, CO: Westview Press). Goldstone, J. (ed.) (2003) Revolutions: Theoretical, Comparative, and Historical Studies (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson). Hafez, Z. (2011) The Arab revolution is marching on: Arabs recover their dignity", Contemporary Arab Affairs 4(2):123-126. Hamid, S. (2011) The rise of the Islamists, Foreign Affairs 90 (3):40-47. Haseeb, K. El-Din (2011) "On the Arab 'democratic spring': lessons derived", Contemporary Arab Affairs 4(2):113-122. Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics(2009) 25(2-3) Special Issue: Rethinking the Coloured Revolutions. Kuran, T. (1991) Now out of never: the elements of surprise in the East European revolution of 1989, World Politics 44(1): 7-48. Sakbani, M. (2011) "The revolutions of the Arab Spring: are democracy, development and modernity at the gates?" Contemporary Arab Affairs 4(2):127-147. Scott Doran, M. (2011) The heirs of Nasser, Foreign Affairs 90 (3): 17-25. Shehata, D. (2011) The fall of the Pharaoh, Foreign Affairs 90 (3): 26-32. Skocpol, T. (1979) States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia and China (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). Skocpol, T. (1994) Social Revolutions in the Modern World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). Studlar, D. (1999) Unwritten rules: Britains constitutional revolution, Harvard International Review 21(2): 48-52 (reprinted as A constitutional revolution in Britain? in Soe, C. (ed.) Annual Editions: Comparative Politics 06-07 (Dubuque: McGrawHill/Dushkin), p.16-22). Tilly, C. (1973) Does modernization breed revolution?, Comparative Politics 5(3): 424-447. Tilly, C. (2003) "Inequality, democratization, and de-democratisation", Sociological Theory 21(1): 37-43. Presentation questions: 1) Are there any most important factors catalysing revolutionary change? 2) To what extent are the coloured revolutions and the regime changes of the Arab Spring the same?
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Eatwell, R. (2003) Ten theories of the extreme right in P.H. Merkl and L. Weinberg (eds.), Right-Wing Extremism in the Twenty-First Century (Abingdon, Routledge), p. 4773 Further Reading Blais, A. and Dobrzynska, A. (1998) Turnout in electoral democracies, European Journal of Political Research 33(2): 239261. Bomberg, E. (1998) Green Parties and Politics in the European Union (London: Routledge). Bull, M.J and Heywood, P. (1994) West European Communist Parties after the Revolutions of 1989 (Basingstoke: Palgrave/Macmillan). Dunleavy, P. and Margetts, H. (1995) Understanding the dynamics of electoral reform , International Political Science Review 16(1): 9-29. Duverger, M. (1959) Political Parties: Their Organization and Activity in the Modern State (London: Methuen). Farrell, D.M. (2001.) Electoral Systems: A Comparative Introduction (Basingstoke: Palgrave/MacMillan). Franklin, M. (1999) Electoral engineering and cross-national turnout differences: what role for compulsory voting?, British Journal of Political Science 29(1): 205224. (details) Gunther, R. and Diamond, L. (2003) Species of political parties: a new typology, Party Politics 9(2): 167-199. (details) Gunther, R., Montero, J.R. and Linz, J.J. (2002) Political Parties: Old Concepts and New Challenges (Oxford: Oxford University Press). Hainsworth, P. (2000) Politics of the Extreme Right: From the Margins to the Mainstream (London: Pinter). Hainsworth, P. (2008) The Extreme Right in Western Europe (Abingdon: Routledge). Hino, A (2012) New Challenger Parties in Western Europe: A Comparative Analysis (Abingdon: Routledge). Katz, R.S. and Mair, P. (2002) The ascendancy of the party in public office: party organizational change in twentieth-century democracies in Gunther, R., Montero, J.R. and Linz, J.J. (eds.) Political Parties: Old Concepts and New Challenges (Oxford: Oxford University Press), p. 113-136. Laakso, M. and Taagepera, R. (1979) Effective number of parties. A measure with application to Western Europe, Comparative Political Studies 12(1): 3-27. LeDuc, L., Niemi, R.G. and Norris, P. (2002) Comparing Democracies 2: New Challenges in the Study of Elections and Voting (London: Sage). Lijphart, A. (1994) Electoral Systems and Party Systems (Oxford: Oxford University Press). Lijphart, A. (1999) Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in ThirtySix Countries (New Haven: Yale University Press), p. 143-170. Lipset, S.M. and Rokkan, S. (1967) Party Systems and Voter Alignments: Cross-National Perspectives (New York: Free Press), p. 1-66. Luther R.K and Deschouwer K. (eds.) (1999) Party Elites in Divided Societies. Political Parties in a Consociational Democracy (London: Routledge). Mair, P. and Smith, G. (1990) Understanding Party System Change in Western Europe (London: Cass). Mair, P. (1997) Party System Change: Approaches and Interpretation (Oxford: Clarendon Press). Mair, P., Mller, W.C. and Plasser, F. (2004.) Political Parties and Electoral Change: Party Responses to Electoral Markets (London: SAGE). March, L. (2011) Radical Left Parties in Contemporary Europe (Abingdon: Routledge) Mudde, C. (2007) Populist Radical Right Parties in Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
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Linz, J. (2002) Parties in contemporary democracies: problems and paradoxes in Gunther, R., Montero, J.R. and Linz, J.J. (eds.) Political Parties: Old Concepts and New Challenges (Oxford: Oxford University Press), p. 291-318. Norris, Pippa (1997) Choosing electoral system: proportional, majoritarian, and mixed systems, International Political Science Review 18(3): 297-312 (details). Norris, P. (2004), Electoral Engineering. Voting Rules and Political Behaviour (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). Panebianco, A. (1988) Political Parties: Organization and Power (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). Parliamentary Affairs 56 (1) Special Issue What's Left? The Left in Europe Today (details). Sartori, G. (1976) Parties and Party System: A Framework for Analysis (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) (chs. 5, 6, 9 and 10). Ware, A. (1996) Political Parties and Party Systems (Oxford: Oxford University Press). Webb, P. (2002) Party systems, electoral cleavages and government stability in Heywood, P., Jones, E. and Rhodes, M. (eds) Developments in West European Politics 2 (Basingstoke: Palgrave/MacMillan), p. 115-134. Wolinetz, S.B. (2002) Beyond the catch-all party: approaches to the study of parties and party organization in contemporary democracies in Gunther, R., Montero, J.R. and Linz, J.J. (eds.) Political Parties: Old Concepts and New Challenges (Oxford: Oxford University Press), p. 136-166. Presentation questions: 1) What are the sources of stability and change in contemporary European party systems and why? 2) Which new challenger parties provide the biggest challenge to party system stability, and why?
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Further Reading Bartolini, S. (2005) Old and new peripheries in the process of European territorial integration in Ansell, C.K. and Di Palma, G. (eds.) Restructuring Territoriality. Europe and the United States Compared (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), p.19-45. Bogdanor, V. (1979) Devolution (Oxford: Oxford University Press). Beramendi, P. (2007) Federalism in Boix C. and Stokes, S.S. (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press). Burgess M. (2006) Comparative Federalism: Theory and Practice (London: Routledge). Chibber, P.D. and Kollman, K. (2004) The Formation of National Party Systems: Federalism and Party Competition in Canada, Great Britain, India and the United States (Princeton: Princeton University Press). Erk, J. (2007) Explaining Federalism. State, Society and Congruence in Austria, Belgium, Canada, Germany and Switzerland (London: Routledge). Elazar, D. (1987) Exploring Federalism (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press). Franck, Thomas M. (ed.) (1968) Why Federations Fail: An Inquiry into the Requisites for Successful Federalism (New York: New York University Press). Gibson, E.L. (ed.) (2004) Federalism and Democracy in Latin America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press). Greer, S. (ed.) (2006) Territory, Democracy and Justice: Regionalism and Federalism in Western Democracies (Basingstoke: Palgrave/Macmillan). Hooghe, L. and Marks, G. (2001) Multi-Level Governance and European Integration (Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield). Hooghe L. and Marks, G. (2003) Unraveling the central state, but how?, American Political Science Review 97(2): 233-243. Hough, D. and Jeffery, C. (eds.) (2006) Devolution and Electoral Politics (Manchester: Manchester University Press). Hueglin, T.O. and Fenna, A. (eds.) Comparative Federalism. A Systematic Inquiry (Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview Press). John, P. (2001) Local Governance in Western Europe (London: Sage). Karmis, D. and Norman, W. (2005) Theories of Federalism: A Reader (Basingstoke: Palgrave/Macmillan). Keating, M. (2008) Thirty years of territorial politics, West European Politics 31(1-2): 6081. Kincaid, J. and Tarr, A.G. (2005) Constitutional Origins, Structure and Change in Federal Countries (Montreal and Kingston: Kingston University Press). King, P. (1982) Federalism and Federation (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press). Le Gales, P. (2002) European Cities, Social Conflicts and Governance (Oxford: Oxford University Press). Loughlin, J. (2008) Federal and local government institutions in Caramani, D. (ed.) Comparative Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press), p. 263-90 Obinger, H., Leibfried, S. and Castles F.G. (eds.) (2005) Federalism and the Welfare State (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). Riker, W.H. (1975) Federalism in Greenstein, F.I. and Polsby, N.W. (eds.) Handbook of Political Science, Volume 5: Governmental Institutions and Processes (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley), p. 93-113. Rodden, J. (2004), Comparative federalism and decentralization. On meaning and measurement, Comparative Politics, 36(4): 481-500. Rodden, J. (2006) Hamiltons Paradox. The Promise and Peril of Fiscal Federalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). Saunders, C. (1996) The constitutional arrangements of federal systems: a skeptical view from the outside in Hesse J.J. and Wright, V. (eds.) Federalizing Europe? The Costs, Benefits and Preconditions of Federal Political Systems (Oxford: Clarendon Press), p. 4672.
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Swenden, W. (2006) Federalism and Regionalism in Western Europe. A Comparative and Thematic Analysis (Basingstoke: Palgrave/Macmillan). Swenden, W and Maddens, B. (2009) (eds), Territorial Party Politics in Western Europe (Basingstoke: Palgrave). Treisman, D. (2007) The Architecture of Government. Rethinking Political Decentralization (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). Watts R.L. (1996) Comparing Federal Systems in the 1990s (Kingston: Queen's University Press). Wibbels, E. (2006) 'Madison in Baghdad? Decentralization and federalism in comparative politics', Annual Review of Political Science 9: 165-188. Wheare, K.C. (1963) Federal Government (4th ed.) (Oxford: Oxford University Press). Presentation questions: 1) Assess whether sub-national authority been on the rise across many OECD countries since the 1960s? 2) Does federalism help to maintain national unity or does it hasten the disintegration of territorially heterogeneous states?
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Quebec, Catalonia and Scotland (Basingstoke: Palgrave) (2nd edition). Keating, M. (2001) Plurinational Democracy. Stateless Nations in a Post-Sovereignty Era (Oxford: Oxford University Press). Kymlicka, W. (1995) Multicultural Citizenship (Oxford: Oxford University Press). (esp. chs 1, 7 and 8). Kylmlicka, W. (2001) Minority nationalism and multination federalism in Kymlicka, W. (ed.) Politics in the Vernacular. Nationalism, Multiculturalism and Citizenship (Oxford: Oxford University Press), p. 91-120 Kymlicka W. and Norman, W (2000) (eds.) Citizenship in Diverse Societies (Oxford: Oxford University Press). Lijphart, A. (2002) The wave of power-sharing democracy in Reynolds, A. (2002) (ed.), The Architecture of Democracy. Constitutional Design, Conflict Management and Democracy (Oxford: Oxford University Press), p.37-55. Lustick, I. (1979) Stability in deeply divided societies: consociationalism versus Control, World Politics 31(3): 325-344. Norris, P. (2008), Driving Democracy. Do Power-Sharing Institutions Work? (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). Oberschall, A. (2007) Conflict and Peace Building in Divided Societies. Responses to Ethnic Violence (London: Routledge). Ross, M.H. (2007) Cultural Contestation in Ethnic Conflict (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), p. 312-328 Rudolph, J. (2006) Politics and Ethnicity. A Comparative Study (Basingstoke: Palgrave). Stepan, A. (2001) Toward a new comparative politics of federalism, (multi)nationalism, and democracy: beyond Rikerian federalism in Stepan, A. (ed.) Arguing Comparative Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press), p.315362. Stepan, A., Linz, J. and Yadav, Y., The State-Nation. India and other Multinational Democracies (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press). Weller, M and Wolff, S. (2005) (eds.) Autonomy, Self-Governance and Conflict Resolution (London: Routledge). Wilkinson, S.I. (2004) Votes and Violence. Electoral Competition and Ethnic Riots in India (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). Presentation questions: 1) What is the contribution of institutional engineering to the accommodation of ethnic divisions within divided societies? 2) Is devolution the best way to deal with regional differences?
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University Press), 1-28. Krasner, S.D. (2001) Sovereignty, Foreign Policy 122: 20-29. Wallerstein, I. (2006) European Universalism: The Rhetoric of Power, The New Press. [chapter 1] Further Reading Ayoob, M. (2003) Inequality and Theorizing in International Relations: The Case for Subaltern Realism, International Studies Review 4(3), 27-48. Berger M., (2004) The End of the Third World? Third World Quarterly, 15(2), 257-275. Crawford, B. and A. Lijphart (1995) Explaining Political and Economic Change in PostCommunist Eastern Europe, Comparative Political Studies 28(2), 171-199. (reprinted in Crawford, B. and A. Lijphart, 1997, Liberalization and Leninist Legacies: Comparative Perspectives on Democratic Transitions, Berkeley: University of California Press.) De Carvalho, B., H. Leira and J. M. Hobson (2011) The Big Bangs of IR: The Myths That Your Teachers Still Tell You about 1648 and 1919, Millennium - Journal of International Studies, 39(3), 735-758. Dussel, E. (1993) Eurocentrism and Modernity (Introduction to the Frankfurt Lectures), Boundary 2, Vol. 20(3), 65-76. Epifanio, S. J. (1997), Beyond Postcolonial Theory, Basingstoke: Palgrave. Falk, Richard (1997) False Universalism and the Geopolitics of Exclusion: The Ease of Islam, Third World Quarterly, 18(1), 7-23. Fowler, M. and J. M. Bunck's (1995) Law, Power, and the Sovereign State: The Evolution and Application of the Concept of Sovereignty (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. Gandhi L. (2001), Postcolonial Theory. A Critical Introduction, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Krasner, S.D. (2001) Abiding Sovereignty, International Political Science Review 22(3): 229-251. Leys C. (1996), The Rise and Fall of Development Theory, James Currey, 1996. Matthews S. (2004), Post-Development Theory and the question of alternatives: a view from Africa, Third World Quarterly, 25(2), 373-384. Moore-Gilbert Bart (1997), Postcolonial Theory: Contexts, Practices, Politics, Verso. Nederveen Pieterse, J. (2009), Development Theory: Deconstructions/Reconstructions (2nd edition), London: Sage. Thomas, C. and P. Wilkin (2004) Still Waiting after all these Years: The Third World on the Periphery of International Relations, British Journal of International Relations 6, 241-258. Presentation questions: 1) In what way is cultural and political universalism related to power? 2) Is the developing world an inherently Western concept?
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