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1 Instructions for use Read these carefully before completing the spreadsheets
2 Field Data Entry Input all required data relating to field and field operations
3 Factory Data Entry Input all required data relating to factory operations
4a Results - Numbers
4b Results - Graphs
4c Results - Descriptive
Appendices
1 CEC Calculator (Cation Exchange Capacity)
2 Agrochemicals Calculator
3 Assumptions
References and methodologies
R1 Cation Exchange Capacity calculation and references
R2 Transport and fuel use figures and references
R3a Fertiliser methodology
R3b Fertiliser percentage active ingredient
R3c Fertiliser Global Warming Potential and Embodied Energy References
R3d Fertiliser Embodied energy used in spreadsheets
R3e Fertiliser GWP used in spreadsheets
R3f Fertiliser Field Emissions
R4a Agrochemicals methodology
R4b Agrochemical figures from Audsley
R4c Agrochemical figures from Green
R4d Agrochemical comparison table
R5a Electricity methodology
R5b Electricity percentages of renewable energy production types
R6a Results - Interpretation
PAGE 1: GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS SPREADSHEET FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRIC
HOW TO USE THIS SPREADSHEET
1 Decide whether your project involved energy use in both field and factory.
If it ONLY involves the field section then ignore Page 3
For plantation projects include transport of crop to factory as part of field use.
3 If the factory is being included complete Page 3. Otherwise, ignore the page and go directly to Page 4:
s http://www.onlineconversion.com
% active ingredient
[Select] N P K P2O5 K2O MgO CaO Total productProduct Active Ingredient
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ammonium Bicarbonate - 30% N 0.3 Error Error Error Error Error Error 0.3 N
Ammonium nitrate - 34% N 0.34 Error Error Error Error Error Error 0.34 N
Ammonium sulphate - 21% N 0.21 Error Error Error Error Error Error 0.21 N
Anhydrous ammonia - 82% N 0.82 Error Error Error Error Error Error 0.82 N
Animal manure - 6.5% N 0.07 Error Error Error Error Error Error 0.07 N
Animal manure plus synthetic Nitrogen
0.25 - 24.5% N
Error Error Error Error Error Error 0.25 N
Calcium ammonium nitrate -27%0.27 N Error Error Error Error Error Error 0.27 N
Calcium nitrate - 15% N 0.15 Error Error Error Error Error Error 0.15 N
Compound NK - 19.5% N; 29.5%0.2 K Error Error Error 0.3 Error Error 0.2 N
Diammonium phosphate - 18% N; 46% P2O5Error
0.18 Error 0.46 Error Error Error 0.18 N
Grazing Error Error Error Error Error Error Error 1
Kainit / Magnesium Sulphate - 11% ErrorK2O; 5%Error
MgO Error Error 0.11 0.05 Error 0.11 K2O
Lime - 52% CaO Error Error Error Error Error Error 0.52 1
Monoammonium phosphate - 12% N; 52% P2O5
0.12 Error Error 0.52 Error Error Error 0.12 N
Murate of potash / Potassium Chloride
Error - 60%Error
K2O Error Error 0.6 Error Error 0.6 K2O
Other ammonium based fertilisers - 21% N Error
0.21 Error Error Error Error Error 0.21 N
Other compound NP and NPK - 18% 0.18N; 22% Error
P2O5; 16% K2O
Error 0.22 0.16 Error Error 0.18 N
Other nitrate based fertilisers - 18%
0.18 N Error Error Error Error Error Error 0.18 N
Other Nitrogen solutions - 24% N0.24 Error Error Error Error Error Error 0.24 N
Phosphate/Rock Phosphate - 10% P; 25% P2O5
Error 0.1 Error 0.25 Error Error Error 0.25 P2O5
Sulphate of potash/ Potassium sulphate
Error - 48% K; 50% K2O
Error 0.48 Error 0.5 Error Error 0.5 K2O
Super phosphate - 18.5% P2O5 Error Error Error 0.19 Error Error Error 0.19 P2O5
Triple super phosphate - 20% P2O5; Error 47% K2O
Error Error 0.2 0.47 Error Error 0.2 P2O5
Urea - 46.4% N 0.46 Error Error Error Error Error Error 0.46 N
Urea ammonium nitrate solution 0.46- 46% N Error Error Error Error Error Error 0.46 N
Urine - 3% N 0.03 Error Error Error Error Error Error 0.03 N
Page 6
Page 3 Factory Data Entry
A B C D E F G V W X Y Z AA AB AC AD AE
1 PAGE 3: FACTORY DATA INPUT PAGE
2
3 3. Background information for factory calculations
4
5 Do you have third party growers/outgrowers? * [Select] Select yes or no in cell D5
6 Total weight Units
7 Output Total finished product produced in factory * [Select]
8 Total finished product from estate (NOT including third party growers)* [Select]
9 What is the finished product? Eg black tea, oil, etc. *
10 Total area Units
11 Area Area harvested by third party growers (outgrowers) if known [Select]
12 * denotes an essential field Cell C6 cannot be left blank.
13
14 4. Factory energy use
15 Electricity Quantity Units
16 National Grid Electricity used by factory from National Grid. [Select]
Electricity from national grid used for workshops, offices etc. for factory-based
17 [Select]
activities
18 Local generation Electricity from local hydro renewable energy used in factory [Select]
19 Electricity from local wind used in factory [Select]
20 Electricity generated from diesel generators and then used in factory [Select]
21 Electricity generated from coke generators and then used in factory [Select]
22
23 Effluent pumping for disposal
24 Quantity Units
Diesel use for pumping and aerating effluent for disposal to water or off-site
25 [Select]
(If effluent is recycled as fertiliser input figures in Field data)
26
27 Energy from burning fibre/shell/biowastes/biomass and wood in factory Quantity Units Calorific Value
28 Biomass briquettes [Select] 19 MJ/kg
29 Coco shell [Select] 22 MJ/kg
30 RB chips [Select] 20 MJ/kg
31 Bagasse [Select] 12 MJ/kg
32 Fibre/shell (oil palm factory waste) [Select] 15 MJ/kg
33 Firewood (daddaps) [Select] 12 MJ/kg
34 Firewood/fuelwood grown on site and renewed [Select] 16 MJ/kg
35
Total energy from burning other fuels in factory
36
Quantity Units Calorific value
37 Coal Leco [Select] 26 MJ/kg
38 Coal SFC [Select] 36 MJ/kg
39 Steam coal [Select] 36 MJ/kg
40 Imported coal [Select] 28 MJ/kg
41 Propane gas [Select] 49 MJ/kg
42 Other petroleum gas [Select] 46 MJ/kg
43 Heavy oil [Select] 42 MJ/l
44 Furnace oil [Select] 40 MJ/l
45 Light oil [Select] 39 MJ/l
46 Other [Select] insert MJ/kg
47
48 Now turn to Page 4 Results
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
CO2 Calculator Emissions totals
Field Results
per kg fresh product harvested per hectare
1 Energy used* #DIV/0! MegaJoules / kg 0 #DIV/0! MegaJoules/ha
- w/o production of fertilisers & pesticides #DIV/0! MegaJoules / kg 0 #DIV/0! MegaJoules/ha
Factory Results
Excluding third party volumes per kg final product per hectare
What to do now
1. If any error values appear, please check your Data entry page and amend.
2. If after checking, there are still errors, please contact the Sustainable Agriculture Team
3. Now, save this and email to the Sustainable Agriculture Team with any comments on ease of use
CO2 Calculator Emissions totals
MegaJoules/ha
MegaJoules/ha
kg CO2 equivalents/ha
kg NH3 / ha
kg NO / ha
MegaJoules/ha
kg CO2 equivalents/ha
MegaJoules/ha
kg CO2 equivalents/ha
CO2 Calculator Emissions totals
MegaJoules/ha
kg CO2 equivalents/ha
PAGE 4b: RESULTS - Graphs
A. FIELD & FACTORY PROPORTIONS
The following two graphs will only be of interest if both the field and factory sections are compl
Proportion of Energy from Field & Factory Proportion
Field
Factory incl 3rd
party growers
#DIV/0!
For further analysis review the appropriate section below.
Total
greenhouse gas emissions kg CO2 Biofuels
Field Factory incl 3rd party growers Fertilisers
Electricity 0 0 0.00 Agrochemicals
Fossil fuels 0 0 0.00
Biofuels 0 0 0.00
Fertilisers #DIV/0! 0 #DIV/0!
Agrochemicals 0 0 0.00
0
0
Total #DIV/0! 0.00 #DIV/0!
Areas that require closer investigation and strategies to be drawn up to reduce energy use:
Electricity
Fossil fuels
Total
Biofuels
Fertilisers
Agrochemicals
Electricity
Fossil fuels
Total
Biofuels
Fertilisers
Agrochemicals
0
0
0
0
Areas that require closer investigation and strategies to be drawn up to reduce greenhouse gas emissions:
#DIV/0!
C. FIELD ANALYSIS
Energy
Total Energy Use in the Field in MJ
Electricity
Fossil fuels
Field
Biofuels
Fertilisers
Agrochemicals
0
Areas that require closer investigation and strategies to be drawn up to reduce energy use:
Electricity
Fossil fuels
Field
Biofuels
Fertilisers
Agrochemicals
0
0
0
Fertilisers
Agrochemicals
0
0
0
Areas that require closer investigation and strategies to be drawn up to reduce greenhouse gas emissions:
#DIV/0!
D. FACTORY ANALYSIS
Energy
Total Energy Use in the Factory in MJ
growers
Biofuels
0
Areas that require closer investigation and strategies to be drawn up to reduce energy use:
Electricity
Fossil fuels
Biofuels
growers
0
0
0
Areas that require closer investigation and strategies to be drawn up to reduce greenhouse gas emissions:
ory sections are completed.
Proportion of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Field & Factory
Field
Factory incl 3rd
party growers
Agrochemicals
Fertilisers
Total
Biofuels
Fossil fuels
Electricity
0
MJ
Agrochemicals
Fertilisers
Total
Biofuels
Fossil fuels
Electricity
Agrochemicals
Fertilisers
Total
Biofuels
Fossil fuels
Electricity
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Kilogrammes CO2
Agrochemicals
Fertilisers
Field
Biofuels
Fossil fuels
Electricity
0
1
MJ
Agrochemicals
Fertilisers
Field
Biofuels
Fossil fuels
Electricity
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Kilogrammes CO2
Fossil fuels
Electricity
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Kilogrammes CO2
Biofuels
Fossil fuels
Electricity
growers
0
1
MJ
Biofuels
Fossil fuels
Electricity
growers
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Kilogrammes CO2
Agrochemicals
Fertilisers
Biofuels
Fossil fuels
Electricity
Agrochemicals
Fertilisers
Biofuels
Fossil fuels
Electricity
Agrochemicals
Fertilisers
Biofuels
Fossil fuels
Electricity
1
Agrochemicals
Fertilisers
Biofuels
Fossil fuels
Electricity
1
Fossil fuels
Electricity
1
Biofuels
Fossil fuels
Electricity
1
2e
Biofuels
Fossil fuels
Electricity
1
PAGE 4c: RESULTS
no of - Descriptive
hot air
A. Volume of Carbon Dioxide Gas Produced - Hot air balloons
balloon
Figure 1 kg co2/ha
total kg co2
s
Field greenhouse
### #DIV/0!
gas emissions
#DIV/0! only How many hot air balloons could be filled with the CO2 produced at in 0
Factory greenhouse
### #DIV/0!
gas emissions
#DIV/0! only excluding
Field greenhouse
3rd party volumes
gas emissions only
Factory emissions
### #DIV/0!
only including
#DIV/0! 3rd party Factory
volumesgreenhouse gas emissions only excluding 3rd party volumes
The and
Field average
0.00UK
factory driver
0 emits
emissions combined
0 Factory greenhouse gas emissions only including 3rd party volumes
1 hot air balloon = 4 tonneseach
around 4 tonnes of CO2 of CO2 Field and factory greenhouse gas emissions combined
year. That's the equivalent of
filling one medium hot air
balloon with pure CO2.
Field only One hot air balloon full of CO2 produced per X kilogram of final product gro
per kg harvested
### #DIV/0! #DIV/0! Field greenhouse gas emissions only
per hectare### #DIV/0! #DIV/0! Factory greenhouse gas emissions only excluding 3rd party volumes
Factory excl 3rd party Factory greenhouse gas emissions only including 3rd party volumes
per kg finished
0.00product 0 0 Field and factory greenhouse gas emissions combined
per hectare### #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Factory incl 3rd party One hot air balloon full of CO2 produced per X hectare of product grown at
per kg finished
0.00product 0 0 Field greenhouse gas emissions only
per hectare### #DIV/0! #DIV/0! Factory greenhouse gas emissions only excluding 3rd party volumes
Field and factory Factory greenhouse gas emissions only including 3rd party volumes
per kg finished
0.00product 0 0 Field and factory greenhouse gas emissions combined
Location: ; Year: 0
ENERGY
This is the energy equivalent to driving an average petrol driven car
0.00 miles or 0.00 km per kg of fresh product harvested (Field energy only)
0.00 miles or 0.00 km per kg of finished product (Factory energy only excluding 3rd party volumes)
0.00 miles or 0.00 km per kg of finished product (Factory energy only including 3rd party volumes)
0.00 miles or 0.00 km per kg of finished product (Field and factory energy combined)
OR
This is the energy equivalent to driving an average petrol driven car
0 miles or 0 km per hectare (Field energy only)
0 miles or 0 km per hectare (Factory energy only excluding 3rd party volumes)
0 miles or 0 km per hectare (Factory energy only including 3rd party volumes)
0 miles or 0 km per hectare (Field and factory energy combined)
OR
This is the greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to driving an average petrol driven car
0 miles or 0 km per hectare (Field greenhouse gas emissions only)
0 miles or 0 km per hectare (Factory greenhouse gas emissions only excluding 3rd party volumes)
0 miles or 0 km per hectare (Factory greenhouse gas emissions only including 3rd party volumes)
0 miles or 0 km per hectare (Field and factory greenhouse gas emissions combined)
d with the CO2 produced at in 0
#DIV/0!
luding 3rd party volumes #DIV/0!
uding 3rd party volumes #DIV/0!
0
The Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) can be estimated easily from three factors: (1) the pH, (2) the Organic C content (
Clay content of a soil.
Note that the unit for CEC is centimal per kilogram (cmol/kg). In the past, 'meq / 100 g' was often used. Conveniently, it h
the two units are interchangeable without changing the number.
Enter pH, Organic C and Clay into the white cells to obtain the CEC
pH (--)
Org. Carbon (kg/kg soil)
Clay (kg/kg soil)
CEC (cmol/kg) 0
Source: Helling et al. (1964), Soil Sci Soc Amer Proc 28, 517--520.
he pH, (2) the Organic C content (Organic C = Organic matter / 1.72) and (3) the
was often used. Conveniently, it has the same numerical value as 'cmol / kg' so
Agrochemicals Calculator
Complete the following including all the agrochemicals applied.
NB: Amount applied can be either per hectare or total but remember to input units on Page 2
Amount
Amount % Active Active
Name applied Ingredient Ingredient
Fungicide 1 0.00
Fungicide 2 0.00
Fungicide 3 0.00
Fungicide 4 0.00
Fungicide 5 0.00
Fungicide 6 0.00
Fungicide 7 0.00
Fungicide 8 0.00
Fungicide 9 0.00
Fungicide 10 0.00
Total Fungicide 0.00
Herbicide 1 0.00
Herbicide 2 0.00
Herbicide 3 0.00
Herbicide 4 0.00
Herbicide 5 0.00
Herbicide 6 0.00
Herbicide 7 0.00
Herbicide 8 0.00
Herbicide 9 0.00
Herbicide 10 0.00
Total herbicide 0.00
Insecticide/acaricide 1 0.00
Insecticide/acaricide 2 0.00
Insecticide/acaricide 3 0.00
Insecticide/acaricide 4 0.00
Insecticide/acaricide 5 0.00
Insecticide/acaricide 6 0.00
Insecticide/acaricide 7 0.00
Insecticide/acaricide 8 0.00
Insecticide/acaricide 9 0.00
Insecticide/acaricide 10 0.00
Total insecticide/acaricide 0.00
ts on Page 2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2
3
2
3
4
6
Assumptions
Energy
Electricity data for most countries is now provided. Where country is not stated the regional figure should b
Burn efficiency of fuels is 100%.
Biomass fuels are all carbon neutral, ie no related CO2 emissions.
Biofuels ie bioethanol and biodiesel are estimated at 50% emissions of the fossil fuel alternative ie petrol an
CO2 emissions from imported wood are included in the total since it is grown off site.
Emissions from different types of coal are all the same.
Furnace oil is a 'medium' oil ie half way between heavy and light.
Vehicle fuel consumption: Based on Transport Statistics Great Britain 2005, Dept for Transport, Published O
car - petrol - 30mpg; diesel - 40 mpg
hgv - rigid - 8.3mpg; articulated - 7.9mpg
Percentage National renewable energy is calculated using hydroelectric, geothermal, solar, wood, wind and
Assume steam energy is produced from fuel oil
Fertilisers
Fertiliser emissions of N20, NO and NH3 are based on the 2002 Bouwman model. This is to allow flexibility
improve emissions. The Bouman model calculates median NH3 volatilization rates with a variance of aroun
calcuation results "are of more interest when the working scale is that of landscapes rather than point meas
conditions."
With regards to the nitrogen related emissions - assume tea and palm oil are "other upland crops" - Lex Bo
Fertiliser NPK contents are averaged from various reference sources. See Fertiliser page.
Units: fluid ounces - these are US units, pounds and ounces are Avoirdupois - the most commonly used of t
No embodied energy figure for Ammonium Bicarbonate (ABC) was found so an average of Ammonium nitra
was used.
Animal manure has embodied energy of zero. Energy used in application will be accounted for in operation
R1 CEC Estimate Ref
The Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) can be estimated from the pH, the organic C content (= Organic matter / 1.72) and
Note that 'meq / 100 g' = 'cmol / kg' (old an new unit)
0 CEC 'Calculator'
The Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) can be estimated easily from three factors:
(1) the pH,
(2) the Organic C content (Organic C = Organic matter / 1.72) and
(3) the Clay content of a soil.
Note that the unit for CEC is centimal per kilogram (cmol/kg). In the past, 'meq / 100 g' was often used.
Conveniently, it has the same numerical value as 'cmol / kg' so the two units are interchangeable without changing the
The simple table below produces an estimate using these three factors and is used in the GHG calculator.
Enter pH, Organic C and Clay into the white cells to obtain the CEC
pH (--)
Org. Carbon (kg/kg soil)
Clay (kg/kg soil)
CEC (cmol/kg) 0
Source: Helling et al. (1964), Soil Sci Soc Amer Proc 28, 517--520.
1 Simple estimate:
pH Interc a1 a2
2.5 -0.45 0.62 0.38
3.5 -0.99 1.25 0.46
5 -1.57 2.19 0.54
6 -0.92 2.24 0.56
7 -1.05 2.81 0.6
8 -0.66 3.66 0.64
Helling et al. (1964), Soil Sci Soc Amer Proc 28, 517--520.
Page 33
R1 CEC Estimate Ref
ent (= Organic matter / 1.72) and the clay content of a soil:
Page 34
R2 Transport and fuels
Conversion figures for Transport and Fuel
Ref: Transport Statistics Great Britain 2005, Dept for Transport, Published Oct 2005
Page 35
R2 Transport and fuels
mpg
mpg
Page 36
Fertiliser Methodology
Embodied energy in a fertiliser is dependent on the percentage of active ingredient and the embodied energy figures for tha
possible to find the "usual" percentage of active ingredient within each fertiliser or type of fertiliser. The embodied energy fi
the amount of fertiliser used.
Embodied Energy
1. Embodied energy figures were sourced from a number of reputable papers for each fertiliser to be included on the calcu
2. Figures for each fertiliser were chosen from the selection. The order of priority for the references were as follows: Ecoin
University of Florida.
3. Where figures had not been found for fertilisers or for general terms such as other N and K fertilisers assumptions were
input into the reference section of the spreadsheet
4. It was assumed that there was no energy involved in the making of urine, animal manure or from grazing.
Field Emissions
1. A spreadsheet was developed using work developed by Alex Bouwman (et al). The formulae and data provided in the f
Global Estimates of Gaseous Emissions of NH3, NO and N2O from Agricultural Land, Bouwman AF, 2001, Food and Agric
States, International Fertilizer Industry Association
Estimation of global NH3 volatilization loss from synthetic fertilizer and animal manure applied to arable lands and grasslan
Boumans and NH Batjes (2002), Global Biogeochemical cycles, Vol 16. No. 2
Modeling global annual N2O and NO emissions from fertilized fields, AF Bouwman and LJM Boumans and NH Batjes (200
Vol. 16. No.4
Emissions of N2O and NO from fertilized fields: Summary of available measurement data, AF Bouwman and LJM Boumans
Biogeochemical Cycles Vol 16, No.4
Fertiliser Percentage Active Ingredient
Methodology
1. Percentages of active ingredients were sourced from a number of reputable web sites.
2. These percentages are given as percentages of an active ingredient. The active ingredient could be nitrogen, phosporo
3. For the purposes of the footprinting calculator, the median figure (middle) was taken where a range was given or two we
%Ca %CaO %SO3 % N %P2O5 %K2O
28-32
33.5-34.5
21
82
6-7
10 26-28
15
13-26
18 46
10
52
12 52
18 22 16
18-30
25
45
17-20
17-23 47
46.4
46
1-5
K 2O or SO3.
urea_ammonium_nitrate.jsp
ert/rb209/section1.pdf
ert/rb209/section1.pdf
rgin.net/brian.norbry/Fertilisers.htm
section2.pdf, http://www.defra.gov.uk/farm/environment/land-manage/nutrient/manure/livemanure1.pdf
ert/rb209/section1.pdf
rgin.net/brian.norbry/Fertilisers.htm
section1.pdf; http://www.powen.freeserve.co.uk/Basics/fertilisers.htm
section2.pdf, Wikipedia
emanure1.pdf
Embodied Energy of different fertilisers
% active
ingredie Active Audsley Audsley
Fertiliser nt ingredient 2003 1997
10.80
45.07 61.41 0.13
15.10 23.93
0.00 0.00
3.43 3.43
2.26 2.26
3.16 3.16
45.07 61.62 0.14
8.30 24.54
5.00 9.57
8.50 50.35
12.72 11.53
18.60 17.41
34.95
49.25 49.62 70.00 71.78 0.12
65.00 62.59 0.16
0.00 0.00
60.00
8.50
5.00
GWP (kg/CO2 e) per kg active ingredient
EE
Crude oil Hard coal Figures
(resource) (resource) used Ref for figures used
Document 1028
re remove option
R3d Fertiliser EE used
Fertiliser Embodied Energy MJ/kg of Active Ingredient
N P K P2O5
Ammonium Bicarbonate 46.16 Error Error Error
Ammonium nitrate 41.05 Error Error Error
Ammonium sulphate 42.44 Error Error Error
Anhydrous ammonia 55.00 Error Error Error
Animal manure 0.00 Error Error Error
Animal manure plus synthetic Nitrogen 61.41 Error Error Error
Calcium ammonium nitrate 42.82 Error Error Error
Calcium nitrate 70.93 Error Error Error
Compound NK 41.91 Error 6.96 Error
Diammonium phosphate 61.41 Error Error 23.93
Grazing 0 0 0 0
Kainit / Magnesium Sulphate Error Error Error Error
Lime Error Error Error Error
Monoammonium phosphate 61.62 Error Error 24.54
Murate of potash / Potassium Chloride
Error Error Error Error
Other ammonium based fertilisers 49.51 Error Error Error
Other compound NP and NPK 41.91 17.28 6.96 Error
Other nitrate based fertilisers 41.91 Error Error Error
Other Nitrogen solutions 24.81 Error Error Error
Phosphate/Rock Phosphate Error 15.3 Error 15.30
Potassium sulphate / Sulphate of potash
Error Error 5.48 Error
Super phosphate Error 11.53 Error 50.3
Triple super phosphate Error 17.41 Error 34.95
Urea 49.62 Error Error Error
Urea ammonium nitrate solution 62.59 Error Error Error
Urine 0.00 0 0 0
Page 55
R3d Fertiliser EE used
Energy MJ/kg of Active Ingredient
K2O MgO CaO Product Ref
Error Error Error Error Average of ammonium nitrate, sulphate and anhydrous
Error Error Error Error LCA Silsoe Feb 07
Error Error Error Error LCA Silsoe Feb 07
Error Error Error Error Unversity of Florida Energy Information Document 1028
Error Error Error Error Assume no energy involved in production
Error Error Error Error Based on manure having zero energy plus mean N from L
Error Error Error Error LCA Silsoe Feb 07
Error Error Error Error Ecoinvent
10.8 Error Error Error LCA Silsoe Feb 07
Error Error Error Error Ecoinvent
0 0 0 0.00 Assume no energy involved in production
5.00 7.86 Error Error Unversity of Florida Energy Information Document 1028;
Error Error 2.26 3.43 LCA Silsoe Feb 07
Error Error Error Error Ecoinvent
9.57 Error Error Error Ecoinvent
Error Error Error Error Based on ammonium sulphate Ecoinvent
Error Error Error Error LCA Silsoe Feb 07
Error Error Error Error LCA Silsoe Feb 07
Error Error Error Error Based on 50% Urea Ecoinvent
Error Error Error Error Based on Rock Phosphate Silsoe LCA
25.02 Error Error Error Ecoinvent; Audsley 1997
Error Error Error Error Ecoinvent; LCA Silsoe Feb 07
Error Error Error Error LCA Silsoe Feb 07
Error Error Error Error LCA Silsoe Feb 07
Error Error Error Error Ecoinvent
0 0 0 0 Assume no energy involved in production
Page 56
R3d Fertiliser EE used
ed in production
gy Information Document 1028; estimate of K2O fertiliser; Audsley 1997
hate Ecoinvent
ed in production
Page 57
R3e Fertiliser GWP used
GWP Active ingredient expressed as CO2 equ
Fertiliser N P K P2O5
Ammonium Bicarbonate 4.601 Error Error Error
Ammonium nitrate 7.247 Error Error Error
Ammonium sulphate 3.013 Error Error Error
Anhydrous ammonia 3.542 Error Error Error
Animal manure 0.000 Error Error Error
Animal manure plus synthetic Nitrogen 6.809 Error Error Error
Calcium ammonium nitrate 7.367 Error Error Error
Calcium nitrate 3.641 Error Error Error
Compound NK 6.809 Error 0.653 Error
Diammonium phosphate 2.644 Error Error 1.515
Grazing Error Error Error Error
Kainit / Magnesium Sulphate Error Error Error Error
Lime Error Error Error Error
Monoammonium phosphate 2.663 Error Error 1.544
Murate of potash / Potassium Chloride Error Error Error Error
Other ammonium based fertilisers 3.013 Error Error Error
Other compound NP and NPK 6.809 1.218 0.653 Error
Other nitrate based fertilisers 6.809 Error Error Error
Other Nitrogen solutions 6.809 Error Error Error
Phosphate/Rock Phosphate Error 1.126 Error 0.205
Potassium sulphate / Sulphate of potash
Error Error 0.653 Error
Super phosphate Error 0.739 Error 2.549
Triple super phosphate Error 1.229 Error 1.955
Urea 3.542 Error Error Error
Urea ammonium nitrate solution 5.513 Error Error Error
Urine 0.000 Error Error Error
Page 58
R3e Fertiliser GWP used
gredient expressed as CO2 equivalent
K2O MgO CaO Product Ref
Error Error Error Error Average of ammonium nitrate, sulphate and anhydrous
Error Error Error Error LCA Silsoe Feb 07
Error Error Error Error LCA Silsoe Feb 07
Error Error Error Error Based on LCA Silsoe Feb 07 Urea
Error Error Error Error Assume no energy involved in production
Error Error Error Error Based on manure having zero energy plus mean N from L
Error Error Error Error LCA Silsoe Feb 07
Error Error Error Error Ecoinvent
Error Error Error Error LCA Silsoe Feb 07
Error Error Error Error Ecoinvent
Error Error Error 0.000 Assume no energy involved in production
Error Error Error Error Ecoinvent
Error Error 0.116 0.192 LCA Silsoe Feb 07
Error Error Error Error Ecoinvent
0.653 Error Error Error LCA Silsoe Feb 07
Error Error Error Error Based on ammonium sulphate LCA Silsoe Feb 07
Error Error Error Error LCA Silsoe Feb 07
Error Error Error Error LCA Silsoe Feb 07
Error Error Error Error LCA Silsoe Feb 07
Error Error Error Error Ecoinvent (ave of wet and dry rock phosphate); LCA Sils
1.347 Error Error Error Ecoinvent; LCA Silsoe Feb 07
Error Error Error Error Ecoinvent; LCA Silsoe Feb 07
Error Error Error Error Ecoinvent; LCA Silsoe Feb 07
Error Error Error Error LCA Silsoe Feb 07
Error Error Error Error Ecoinvent
Error Error Error Error Assume no energy involved in production
Page 59
R3e Fertiliser GWP used
ed in production
zero energy plus mean N from LCA Silsoe Feb 07
ed in production
ed in production
Page 60
As per Bouwman reports referenced in R3a Fertiliser methodology
Crop Type
Other upland crops -0.05 0 0
Grass -0.16 -1.27
Grass-clover -1.24
Legume -0.05 -0.02
Other upland crops -0.05 0
Wetland rice 0 -2.54
Application Mode
Incorporate -1.9 0 0
Broadcast -1.31
Incorporate -1.9
Apply in solution -1.29
Broadcast or incorporate then flood -1.84
Broadcast to fllodwater at panicle initiation -2.47
Soil Texture
Medium 0 -0.47 0
Coarse -0.01
Medium -0.47
Fine 0
Soil pH
5.5 < pH ≤ 7.3 -0.93 0.11 0
pH ≤ 5.5 -1.07 0
5.5 < pH ≤ 7.3 -0.93 0.11
7.3 < pH ≤ 8.5 -0.61 -0.35
pH > 8.5 0 -0.35
Soil Drainage
Poor 0 0 0
Poor 0 0
Good -0.42 0.95
Climate
Tropical 0 0.82 0
Temperate -0.4 0
Tropical 0 0.82
kg CO2
per kg
MJ total active
Averages energy ingredient
fungicide 196.750 14.736
herbicide 277.857 20.883
insectide 366.733 28.176
plant growth regulator 243.990 18.374
natural natural
hard coal fuel oil naptha gas electricity hard coal fuel oil naptha gas
0.000 145.200 103.600 88.000 7.549 0.000 10.890 6.907 4.644
1.464 73.441 74.173 53.190 4.983 0.130 5.508 4.945 2.807
1.464 73.441 74.173 53.190 4.983 0.130 5.508 4.945 2.807
0.000 15.340 51.330 19.588 3.791 0.000 1.151 3.422 1.034
0.000 278.091 109.021 90.365 12.604 0.000 20.857 7.268 4.769
2.464 52.096 45.760 46.992 3.427 0.219 3.907 3.051 2.480
0.000 110.134 107.381 66.081 7.235 0.000 8.260 7.159 3.488
2.464 52.096 45.760 46.992 3.427 0.219 3.907 3.051 2.480
2.464 52.096 45.760 46.992 3.427 0.219 3.907 3.051 2.480
0.535 81.588 86.135 56.710 5.112 0.048 6.119 5.742 2.993
2.464 52.096 45.760 46.992 3.427 0.219 3.907 3.051 2.480
2.464 52.096 45.760 46.992 3.427 0.219 3.907 3.051 2.480
0.535 81.588 86.135 56.710 5.112 0.048 6.119 5.742 2.993
0.000 80.688 118.926 73.883 6.038 0.000 6.052 7.928 3.899
0.000 81.374 67.958 33.429 4.440 0.000 6.103 4.531 1.764
1.464 73.441 74.173 53.190 4.983 0.130 5.508 4.945 2.807
8.017 74.735 67.236 63.874 5.344 0.713 5.605 4.482 3.371
8.017 74.735 67.236 63.874 5.344 0.713 5.605 4.482 3.371
2.464 52.096 45.760 46.992 3.427 0.219 3.907 3.051 2.480
1.464 73.441 74.173 53.190 4.983 0.130 5.508 4.945 2.807
EF/kWh 0.430 0.320 0.270 0.240 0.190
EF/MJ 0.119 0.089 0.075 0.067 0.053
total kg
co2 eq
29.990
18.374
18.374
9.398
45.498
13.084
26.142
13.084
13.084
20.014
13.084
13.084
20.014
23.918
16.837
18.374
19.515
19.515
13.084
18.374
Agrochemicals Embodied Energy Tables - Green 1987
MJ
energy kg CO2
per kg of per kg
active active
Averages ingredient ingredient
herbicide 260.33 21.82
fungicide 173 14.25
insecticide 214.42 18.49
Source: Green, MB (1987) Energy in pesticide manufacture, distribution and use. In: Energy in Plant Nutritio
pe Emissions kg co2 eq
References
Audsley et al 1997 Harmonisation of environmental life cycle assessment
Green, MB (1987) Energy in pesticide manufacture, distribution and use. In: Energy in Plant Nutrition and Pest Control (He
Nutrition and Pest Control (Helsel, ZR, ed.), pp. 165-177
Electricity Methodology
1. The International Energy Association was the source of this information. The 2003 figures were used to be in line with o
figures are also available) and have been gathered from around the world.
http://www.ghgprotocol.org/templates/GHG5/layout.asp?type=p&MenuId=OTAx
2. The figures give a total and a breakdown of each source of electricity in GWh. From these figures percentages of each
3. The table below describes the source of each GWP 100 (IPCC 2001) conversion figure.
kg CO2e
Electricity per kWh
Source electricity Reference
Post Note October 2006 No. 268 Carbon footprint of
Coal 0.8 electricity generation
Post Note October 2006 No. 268 Carbon footprint of
Oil 0.65 electricity generation
Post Note October 2006 No. 268 Carbon footprint of
Gas 0.5 electricity generation
Post Note October 2006 No. 268 Carbon footprint of
Biomass 0.09 electricity generation
Waste 0.13 IPCC Emissions factor database 2001
Post Note October 2006 No. 268 Carbon footprint of
Nuclear 0.01 electricity generation
Post Note October 2006 No. 268 Carbon footprint of
Hydro 0.03 electricity generation
Notes
13-380g CO2e/kWh
2003 %
% National
Region/ Country kg CO2/kWh kg CO2/MJ Renewables
Central and Eastern Europe
0.361 0.1 16.25
- Albania 0.030 0.01 98.33
- Belarus 0.294 0.08 0.02
- Bosnia & Herzegovina 0.632 0.18 46.83
- Bulgaria 0.472 0.13 8.13
- Croatia 0.379 0.11 53.10
- Estonia 0.722 0.2 0.58
- Latvia 0.181 0.05 68.12
- Lithuania 0.121 0.03 5.81
- Macedonia 0.657 0.18 22.24
- Moldova 0.756 0.21 1.63
- Poland 0.662 0.18 4.08
- Romania 0.451 0.13 29.23
- Serbia & Montenegro 0.766 0.21 30.98
- Slovenia 0.363 0.1 27.67
- The former Yugoslav Republic
0.602 of Macedonia
0.17 22.24
- Ukraine 0.341 0.09 6.54
Rest of Europe 0.386 0.11 19.81
- Austria 0.224 0.06 65.91
- Belgium 0.274 0.08 4.32
- Cyprus 0.834 0.23 10.88
- Czech Republic 0.502 0.14 3.93
- Denmark 0.356 0.1 25.12
- Finland 0.297 0.08 30.50
- France 0.082 0.02 12.44
- Germany 0.499 0.14 11.34
- Greece 0.777 0.22 11.10
- Hungary 0.421 0.12 2.85
- Iceland 0.001 0 99.95
- Ireland 0.592 0.16 6.84
- Italy 0.524 0.15 24.91
- Luxembourg 0.325 0.09 24.13
- Malta 0.814 0.23 0.00
- Netherlands 0.466 0.13 6.82
- Norway 0.009 0 99.56
- Poland 0.662 0.18 3.25
- Portugal 0.414 0.12 28.51
- Slovak Republic 0.255 0.07 14.01
- Spain 0.381 0.11 20.28
- Sweden 0.059 0.02 45.49
- Switzerland 0.030 0.01 56.95
- Turkey 0.496 0.14 30.75
- United Kingdom 0.473 0.13 4.40
Africa 0.537 0.15 17.09
- Algeria 0.700 0.19 0.80
- Angola 0.373 0.1 66.47
- Benin 0.863 0.24 1.23
- Cameroon 0.031 0.01 95.38
- Congo Dem. Rep. 0.004 0 99.68
- Cote d'Ivoire 0.384 0.11 32.35
- Egypt 0.418 0.12 13.00
- Eritrea 0.696 0.19 0.35
- Ethiopia 0.006 0 99.29
- Gabon 0.306 0.09 58.56
- Ghana 0.298 0.08 87.45
- Kenya 0.194 0.05 75.88
- Libya 0.979 0.27 0.00
- Marocco 0.736 0.2 9.39
- Mozambique 0.003 0 99.70
- Namibia 0.028 0.01 96.91
- Nigeria 0.446 0.12 34.18
- Senegal 0.594 0.17 23.18
- South Africa 0.853 0.24 2.23
- Sudan 0.743 0.21 27.22
- Tanzania United Rep. 0.095 0.03 95.08
- Togo 0.175 0.05 61.07
- Tunisia 0.554 0.15 1.52
- Zambia 0.006 0 99.39
- Zimbabwe 0.516 0.14 56.81
Middle East 0.693 0.19 2.82
- Bahrain 0.883 0.25 0.00
- Iran Islamic Rep. 0.523 0.15 6.46
- Iraq 0.927 0.26 1.53
- Israel 0.818 0.23 0.08
- Jordan 0.640 0.18 0.62
- Kuwait 0.663 0.18 0.00
- Lebanon 0.709 0.2 10.99
- Oman 0.854 0.24 0.00
- Qatar 0.779 0.22 0.00
- Saudi Arabia 0.749 0.21 0.00
- Syria 0.583 0.16 13.24
- United Arab Emirates 0.781 0.22 0.00
- Yemen 0.885 0.25 0.00
North America 0.458 0.13 15.72
- Canada 0.224 0.06 58.68
- Mexico 0.576 0.16 15.33
- United States 0.575 0.16 9.58
Latin America 0.189 0.05 69.76
- Argentina 0.275 0.08 31.70
- Bolivia 0.456 0.13 51.13
- Brazil 0.078 0.02 86.17
- Chile 0.279 0.08 48.43
- Colombia 0.153 0.04 80.86
- Costa Rica 0.020 0.01 98.19
- Cuba 1.000 0.28 4.66
- Dominican Republic 0.644 0.18 12.01
- Ecuador 0.264 0.07 58.90
- El Salvador 0.318 0.09 54.38
- Guatemala 0.404 0.11 47.14
- Haiti 0.320 0.09 47.53
- Honduras 0.352 0.1 48.48
- Jamaica 0.794 0.22 3.46
- Netherlands Antilles 0.719 0.2 0.00
- Nicaragua 0.559 0.16 24.77
- Panama 0.356 0.1 66.01
- Paraguay 0.000 0 100.00
- Peru 0.148 0.04 72.92
- Trinidad & Tobago 0.731 0.2 0.36
- Uruguay 0.002 0 81.64
- Venezuela 0.245 0.07 71.00
East Asia 0.772 0.21 15.47
- Brunei Darussalam 0.804 0.22 0.00
- China, People's Rep. of 0.771 0.21 16.19
- Chinese Taipei 0.633 0.18 4.54
- Hong Kong (China) 0.776 0.22 0.00
- Indonesia 0.776 0.22 13.59
- Korea, Dem Rep. of 0.542 0.15 56.89
- Malaysia 0.492 0.14 7.03
- Myanmar 0.368 0.1 36.21
- Philippines 0.460 0.13 33.73
- Singapore 0.562 0.16 0.00
- Thailand 0.528 0.15 6.99
- Vietnam 0.375 0.1 38.38
Pacific 0.481 0.13 10.96
- Australia 0.868 0.24 7.80
- Japan 0.441 0.12 11.70
- Korea, Rep. of 0.437 0.12 1.71
- New Zealand 0.178 0.05 73.32
Kaspian Region and Central 0.402
Asia 0.11 28.70
- Armenia 0.148 0.04 33.13
- Azerbaijan 0.524 0.15 12.73
- Georgia 0.054 0.01 87.36
- Kazakhstan 1.116 0.31 12.04
- Kyrgyzstan 0.084 0.02 93.09
- Tajikistan 0.027 0.01 97.66
- Turkmenistan 0.795 0.22 0.03
- Uzbekistan 0.468 0.13 12.84
South Asia 0.710 0.2 15.61
- Bangladesh 0.572 0.16 5.71
- India 0.912 0.25 13.53
- Nepal 0.001 0 99.83
- Pakistan 0.370 0.1 29.95
- Sri Lanka 0.407 0.11 36.85
Russia Federation 0.347 0.1 19.32
- Russia 0.329 0.09 34.84
Source: http://www.ghgprotocol.org/templates/GHG5/layout.asp?type=p&MenuId=OTAx
%
MenuId=OTAx
Conversion figures used in interpretation - Balloons and Cars
Balloons
1 hot air balloon = 4 tonnes of CO2
www.targetneutral.com/TONIC/targetneutral2.jsp
CO2 produced by field and factory shown as number of hot air balloons filled with CO2 for interpretation/visualisation purposes
Car
Distance Emissions
Petrol Car per l MJ per l per l
Miles 6.6 31.5 2.3
km 10.63 31.5 2.3
Ref: Transport Statistics Great Britain 2005, Dept for Transport, Published Oct 2005
CO2 produced by field and factory shown as number of km or miles travelled in an ordinary family car for interpretation/visualis
ation/visualisation purposes.