Judul: Gordon C. Cook. 2009.

Manson's Tropical Diseases 22nd edition, Elsevier Health Sciences

Muller, Ralph. 2002. Worms and Human Disease. United Kingdom:

CABI Publishing Series

Kingdom: Phylum: Class: Subclass: Order: Family: Genus: Species:

Animalia Platyhelminthes Trematoda Digenea Echinostomida Paramphistomidae Gastrodiscoides hominis

Gastrodiscoidiasis
Parasites and Pestilence: Infectious Public Health Challenges
David Kaufman

Morphology
If It's Inside You, You Might As Well Know What It Looks Like

Like all flatworms, Gastrodiscoides hominis is bilaterally symmetrical and lacks a coelem. It is an amphistome with reddish color, measuring 5-8 mm long by 3-5 mm wide with a slender anterior region. The organism is characterized by two suckers; there is an anterior oral sucker into which the alimentary canal opens, and a more posterior ventral sucker (known as the acetabulum sucker) by which the worm attaches itself to the host. A muscular espophagus lies within the oral cavity, from where the intestine branches to form two intestinal ceca. The posterior region is round, housing reproductive organs and a ventral concave disc with the sucker. Reproductive organs occupy much of body, consisting of two lobed testes and an oval shaped ovary located posterior to the testes. The uterus winds forward to the genital pore; it is the

largest organ in the body, filled with thousands of eggs. The unembryonated eggs are greenishgray and passed in the feces. Eggs are oddly shaped, resembling a rhomboid, and measure ~130-160mm x ~70 mm.
http://www.stanford.edu/class/humbio103/ParaSites2002/gastrodiscoidiasis/morphology.html

Gastrodiscoidiasis
Parasites and Pestilence: Infectious Public Health Challenges
David Kaufman

Life Cycle

Gastrodiscoides eggs are passed unembryonated in the feces. If the eggs reach water, they will embryonate into larva within 17 days. After that the lifecycle is not well known, but it is thought to be similar to other trematodes. The newly

embryonated larva in water are at a stage called miracidia; development cannot proceed unless the larva is ingested by a snail. This is typical of trematodes, as each species requires a molluscan intermediate hostusually a clam or snailfor development, without which the trematode cannot develop. Once the miracidia are eaten by the intermediate host snail, the larva progress to the sporocyst stage. Still within the snail, the sporocysts become redia. 28 to 150 days after entering the snail, the final stage of growth occurs as the redia mature to cercaria. The cercaria then leave the snail, at which point they must attach to vegetation and secrete a resistant cyst wall. When encysted on plants, G. hominis are called metacercariaethis is the infective stage of the trematodes. The metacercaria encyst on water vegetation such as the water caltrop, where they will remain until eaten by a final host. Water caltrops thrive in ponds fertilized by night soil (human feces). Humans are infected when the metacercaria are ingested. Infective metacercaria progress through the gastrointestinal tract and excyst in the duodenum, then continue down intestine to the cecum. G. hominis is hermaphroditic, so it self-fertilizes in the intestine. The organism attaches to the cecum and ascending colon, where the adult lays eggs by the thousands These eggs are exuded in the feces.
http://www.stanford.edu/class/humbio103/ParaSites2002/gastrodiscoidiasis/lifeCycle.html

Gastrodiscoidiasis
Parasites and Pestilence: Infectious Public Health Challenges
David Kaufman

History of Discovery
J.J.C. Buckley published the earliest paper on Gastrodiscoidiasis in 1939. It was entitled Observations on Gastrodiscoides hominis and Fasciolopsis in Assam (Assam being one of the regions of India where the parasite is particularly prevalent).

Buckley, of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, went on to assemble a vast helminth collection for the school.

http://www.stanford.edu/group/parasites/ParaSites2002/gastrodiscoidiasis/history.html