New worlds (07 Mar 2013) 1) Staff / employee / employer Staff noun, verb 1 Noun [C with sing./pl.

verb; usually sing.] SUPPORT STAFF all the people who work for a company or an organization: We have a staff of 25; we have 25 people on the staff. WORKFORCE verb [+ obj] (usually be staffed) to work in a company; to provide people to work in a company: The design department is staffed by recent graduates; We are fully staffed at the moment OVERSTAFFED, SHORTSTAFFED, UNDERSTAFFED Employee noun [C] PUBLIC EMPLOYEE, DIRECT EMPLOYEE a person who is paid to work for sb: The firm has over 500 employees; In addition to a competitive salary, the company offers attractive employee benefits. Employer noun [C] a person or company that pays people to work for them: They're very good employers (= they treat the people that work for them well); One of the largest employers in the area; How long have you worked for your current employer? 2) In-house guest In-house (also in-company) adjective [only before noun] Existing or happening within a company or an organization: An in-house magazine; in-house lawyers/design teams; incompany training In-house adverb: The software was developed in-house. OUT-OF-HOUSE Guest noun [C] 1 a person who is visiting a place, for example sb else's home, company, or country, usually after being invited to go there: They are here as guests of our company; Make sure he s on the guest list; She was invited as the guest speaker. 2 a customer in a hotel or restaurant: Guests should vacate their rooms by 10.30 a.m. 3) Facilitate, facilitator Facilitate verb [+obj] 1 To make an action or a process possible or easier: She used her contacts at the company to facilitate a deal; A website that facilitates online payments; The new trade agreement should facilitate more rapid economic growth. 2 To help people work together or reach an agreement: The talks are being facilitated by the Association of British Insurers. 2 Facilitation noun [U ; sing.]: the facilitation of trade; Team facilitation. Facilitator noun [C] A person who helps sb or a group of people to do sth more easily or reach an agreement about sth by discussing problems, giving advice, etc. rather than by telling them what to do: They brought in an outside facilitator to lead the discussions; A facilitator may be just what the team needs to help them make the most of their different talents and abilities. 4) Advertisement, commercial Advertisement noun [C]
1 2

1 A notice, picture or short film telling people about a company, product or service: cigarette advertisements; Advertisements for cigarettes AD, ADVERT 2 A notice telling people about a job that is available: an advertisement for a job/post/position; A job advertisement Commercial adjective, noun Adjective 1 [usually before noun] connected with the buying and selling of goods and services: the commercial heart of the city; Tescos commercial director. Commercial flights (= ones that carry passengers) 2 [only before noun] connected with businesses or the process of carrying out business: commercial insurance companies; The group has a fleet of 38 000 commercial vehicles for hire. 3 [only before noun] making or intended to make a profit: the commercial use of genetically-modified crops; the new product was not a commercial success (= it did not make much money) 4 (about television or radio) paid for by the money charged for broadcasting advertisements: a commercial radio station/TV channel noun [C] 1 an advertisement on television or on the radio: TV commercials; a commercial break (= a time during or between programs when advertisements are shown) 2 (Stock Exchange) commercials [pl.] shares in companies that buy and sell goods to individual customers: In the City today, commercials rose slightly but there was little interest in industrials. 5) Front of house / back of house Front of house noun [U] The part of a hotel, restaurant or other business that involves dealing directly with customers: I cooked and my wife did front of house; a front-of-house manager/worker 6) Supervisor, captain Supervisor noun [C] A person who is in charge of sb/sth and makes sure that everything is done correctly, safely, etc. : If you need to leave work early, speak to your supervisor first; My immediate supervisor (= the person just above me) See note at BOSS Captain noun 1 An officer holding a rank below a major but above a lieutenant. 2 The naval officer in command of a military shop 3 a policeman in charge of a precinct 4 an officer who is licensed to command a merchant ship 5 the leader of a group of people 6 a dining-room attendant who is in charge of the waiters and the seating of customers. 7 the pilot in charge of an airship 7) Strategy, strategic Strategic adjective [usually before noun] Related to a businesss efforts to gain an advantage or achieve a particular purpose: strategic goals/objectives; The company faces key strategic challenges. Strategically: a strategically important acquisition; Their factories are strategically located near ports. Strategy noun [C,U] (plural strategies) a plan that is intended to achieve a particular purpose; the process of planning sth: We need to develop a global marketing strategy; basic pricing strategies

C : countable U : Uncountable

8) Sustainable / development Sustainable adjective 1 that can continue or be continued for a long time: sustainable increases in sales; the companys growth rate is not sustainable. 2 involving the use of natural products and energy in a way that does not harm the environment: the use of wind power as a source of sustainable energy; the gap between rich and poor countries is the main obstacle to sustainable development. Development noun [U] 1 The gradual growth of sth so that it becomes more advanced, stronger, etc: key stages in the companys development; Work continues on development of the brand across a number of markets. 2 [U,C] the process of producing or creating sth new or more advanced; a new or advanced product: a contract for the development of new computer systems; The software is still in/under development (= being designed). 3 (HR) [U] the process of getting new skills or knowledge, especially so that you can do a job more effectively: The job offers great opportunities for career development. 4 (Property) [U,C] the process and business of building new houses, offices, etc. in order to make a profit; a piece of land with new buildings on it: a company specializing in real-estate development 5 [U] the process of preparing an area of land, a mine, etc. so that it can be a source of natural materials: The development of the oil field could create a thousand jobs. 9) Demand / Supply Demand noun [U,C] 1 the desire or need of customers for goods or services which they want to buy or use: Demand for new cars has fallen. 2 [C] a very firm request for sth; sth that sb needs or asks for: Management has rejected the unions demand for a 40 per cent pay rise. 3 [C] a written request to pay money that is owed: Y ou will receive a demand for the extra tax owing. Supply Noun 1 [U] the act of providing sth or making it available to be used: A delay in the supply of parts stopped work at the plant for a week; We need to streamline our supply network. 2 [C, usually sing.] an amount of sth that is provided or available to be used: Car manufactures like to have a 64-day supply of vehicles; there is a plentiful supply of skilled labour. 3 The amount of sth that is offered for sale: when demand for a product exceeds supply, it is usual for the price to go up; to match supply with demand. 4 Supplies [pl.] basic things that are needed for a particular purpose: office supplies; the nations leading provider of medical supplies. Verb [+obj] (supplies, supplying, supplied) 1 To provide raw materials, equipment, etc. to companies, especially in large quantities; to provide goods or services: the company supplies Daewoo with a range of equipment; we supply Internet-based services to big businesses in Europe. 2 To provide sb/sth with sth that they need or want: Can you supply a list of recent customers? ; Employees were supplied with home computers. 10) Elastic / Inelastic Elastic (economics)

Used to describe the situation when a small change in one thing, such as the price of a product or service, or a change in peoples incomes, results in a larger change in another thing, such as the amount that people want to buy: Demand for oil is not very elastic; the broadsheet market is less price elastic than the tabloid market. Opposite: INELASTIC

NEW WORLDS (08 MAR 2013) 1) Job description / Job specification (HR) Job description A written description of the exact work and responsibilities of a job, its position in the organization, the conditions of employment and the pay: to write a formal job description; make sure you have an up-to-date job description; she never said That isnt in my job description (=about sth she was asked to do that was not part of her normal job) Job specification A written statement about a job that includes a job description and the skills, experience and personal qualities that sb needs in order to do the job, used when an organization is looking for a new person for a job. 2) Autonomy Autonomy NOUN tnmi [UNCOUNTABLE] (FORMAL) tnmi

1the freedom for a country, a region or an organization to govern itself independently SYNONYM
INDEPENDENCE

A campaign in Wales for greater autonomy 2the ability to act and make decisions without being controlled by anyone else Giving individuals greater autonomy in their own lives

3) Demographic factors Demographic Noun 1 Demographics [pl.] The basic features of the members of a group of people, such as how old, rich, etc. they are, how many males and females there are, etc.: We chose the city for our first store as its demographics were young and wealthy; Analyzing customer demographics. 2 (marketing) [sing.] A group of customers who are of a similar age, sex, etc.: The publication is popular within the 15 to 24-year-old male demographic. Adjective 1 Connected with the features of a population, especially as these change over a period of time: Demographic changes have led to an increased demand for health care. 2 (Marketing) connected with a particular group of people who are of a similar age, sex, etc.: Younger professionals are one of the most attractive consumer demographic groups. Factor Noun 1 [C] one of several things that cause or influence sth: You need to take economic factors into an account; Training is a big factor in the success of a company. 2 [sing.] the factor A quality or feature that has an important influence on whether sb/sth is popular, successful, etc.: A new product needs to have the wow factor (= it must impress people immediately). 3 [C] The amount by which sth increases or decreases: The real wage of the average worker has increased by a factor of over ten (= by more than ten times) in the last 70 years. 4 (finance) A business that buys the right to collect payments that are owned to a manufacturer: A factor can take anything between two and eight percent of an invoice as their fee. FACTORING 5 (commerce) A person or business that acts as an agent in particular trades, usually receiving a fee based on the amount of sales achieved. Factors hold the goods and sell them in their own name. FEEL-GOOD Verb [+ obj] (Finance) To sell the right to collect payments from customers to a bank, company, etc.: the company was forced to raise money by factoring its accounts receivable; to factor an invoice Demographic factors: Demographic factors are those relating to personal characteristics such as age, gender, social class, level of education, family, or race/ethnicity. Cc yu t nhn khu hc. 4) Geographic factors Geographic factors Cc yu t a l hc. Physical features that affect a certain region such as mountain ranges, desert, jungles, etc. 5) Behavioral factors Behavioral factors Hnh vi, thi quen 6) Financial crisis Financial crisis 1 A situation in which the supply of money is outpaced by the demand for money. This means that liquidity is quickly

evaporated because available money is withdrawn from banks, forcing banks either to sell other investments to make up for the shortfall or to collapse. 2 The global financial crisis of 2008-2009 emerged in September 2008 with the failure, merger or conservatorship of several large U.S.-based financial institutions, such as investment banks, insurance firms, and mortgage banks, consequent to the subprime mortgage crisis, and spread with the insolvency of additional companies, and of governments in Europe recession, and declining stock market prices around the globe. 7) Economic crisis Economic crisis A situation in which the economy of a country experiences a sudden downturn brought on by a financial crisis. An economy facing an economic crisis will most likely experience a falling GDP, a drying up of liquidity and rising/falling prices due to inflation/deflation. An economic crisis can take the form of a recession or a depression. Also called real economic crisis. 8) Shareholders Shareholders Noun [C] (finance) A person or group that owns shares in a company or business: They are the biggest shareholder in EFM, with a 30% stake; A shareholders meeting. 9) Stakeholders Stakeholder Noun [C] A person or group that is involved in and can be affected by a particular organization, project, system, etc., for example directors, employees, shareholders and customers: The scheme encourages workers to become stakeholders (= to buy share) in their own companies; Who is the oil companys majority stakeholder (= who has the largest number of shares) ?