Trombe Wall, Solar Staircase, Collector Section, Water Wall, Etc

SBSE CD 008 Index Sheet 1 of 3
SBSE CD 008 Page 1 of 19
Trombe Wall, solar staircase, collector section, water wall, etc. W. Langdon SBSE Slides 1-30
Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: 001 Earth from space Author ID: 1 SBSE Slide ID: CD008-001-S001-001
002 Solar window
Author ID: 2
SBSE Slide ID: CD008-002-S001-002
003 Solar path finder
Author ID: 3
004 Section solar collector
Author ID: 4
005 Graph solar spectrum
Author ID: 5
006 Author ID: 6 S.S.F. Graph trombe wall assemblies
007 Infrared thermography
Author ID: 7
Images represented on these pages are from the Society of Building Science Educators (SBSE) Slide Library. Permission for their use by SBSE members for educational purposes has been granted by the authors. Electronic document prepared by CERES at Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306. 2001
SBSE CD 008 Page 2 of 19 Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: 008 Sunspace addition Author ID: 8 SBSE Slide ID: CD008-008-S001-008
009 Sunspace addition
Author ID: 9
010 Sunspace addition
Author ID: 10
011 Author ID: 11 Trombe wall construction w/selective surface
016 Solar staircase
Author ID: 16
017 Solar staircase
Author ID: 17
018 Passive solar house
Author ID: 18
019 Author ID: 19 First insulate than insolate
020 Davis waterfall
Author ID: 20
021 Bead wall
Author ID: 21
022 Bead wall
Author ID: 22
SBSE CD 008 Page 3 of 19 Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: 023 Skylid Author ID: 23 SBSE Slide ID: CD008-023-S001-023
024 Skylid
Author ID: 24
025 Shutter
Author ID: 25
026 Register divertor
Author ID: 26
027 Skylight shutter
Author ID: 27
028 Skylight shutter
Author ID: 28
029 Clearview collector
Author ID: 29
030 Clerestory shutter
Author ID: 30
Window shutter
Author ID: 31
SBSE Slide ID: NOSLIDE
Shutter section
Author ID: 32
Author ID: 33 Net window heat loss and gain
Penthouse shade
Author ID: 34
Penthouse shade
Author ID: 35
Davis skylight shutter
Author ID: 36
Author ID: 37
SBSE CD 008 Page 4 of 19 Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Davis skylight shutter Author ID: 38 SBSE Slide ID: NOSLIDE
Author ID: 39
Thermocell blind
Author ID: 40
Solar Hemi-Cycle - High Museum Fatih Rifki SBSE Slides 31-50

Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: 031 High Museum Author ID: 1 SBSE Slide ID: CD008-031-S002-001
032 High Museum
Author ID: 2
033 High Museum
Author ID: 3
034 High Museum
Author ID: 4
035 High Museum
Author ID: 5
036 High Museum
Author ID: 6
Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments:
037 High Museum
Author ID: 7
038 High Museum
Author ID: 8
039 High Museum
Author ID: 9
040 High Museum
Author ID: 10
041 High Museum
Author ID: 11
042 High Museum
Author ID: 12
043 High Museum
Author ID: 13
044 High Museum
Author ID: 14
SBSE CD 008 Page 6 of 19 Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: 045 High Museum Author ID: 15 SBSE Slide ID: CD008-045-S002-015
046 High Museum
Author ID: 16
047 High Museum
Author ID: 17
048 High Museum
Author ID: 18
049 High Museum
Author ID: 19
050 High Museum
Author ID: 20
Solar Hemi-Cycle - Blue Cross Blue Shield of Boston Fatih Rifki SBSE Slides 51-57
Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: 051 Author ID: 1 Blue Cross-Blue Shield of Boston SBSE Slide ID: CD008-051-S003-001
052 Author ID: 2 Blue Cross-Blue Shield of Boston
Oak Alley Plantation: The Heavy Mass Plantation House Susan Ubbelohde SBSE Slides 58-76 Note: See text of authors paper Oak Alley Plantation: The Heavy Mass Plantation House at end of this section.
Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: 058 Oak Alley: From north Author ID: 2 SBSE Slide ID: CD008-058-S004-001
059 Oak Alley: 1st floor plan
Author ID: 3
060 Oak Alley: From north 2
Author ID: 4
061 Oak Alley: Site plan
Author ID: 5
062 Oak Alley: The allee
Author ID: 6
063 Oak Alley: Cross vent
Author ID: 7
064 Oak Alley: Living room
Author ID: 8
065 Oak Alley: Stack vent
Author ID: 9
066 Oak Alley: West faade
Author ID: 10
067 Oak Alley: South faade
Author ID: 11
068 Oak Alley: South gallery
Author ID: 12
069 Oak Alley: West gallery
Author ID: 13
070 Author ID: 14 Oak Alley: Shuttered door
Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments:
071 Oak Alley: Attic exhaust
Author ID: 15
072 Oak Alley: Dormers
Author ID: 16
073 Author ID: 17 Oak Alley: Thermal zones
074 Oak Alley: View to allee
Author ID: 18
075 Author ID: 19 Oak Alley: Lake Charles Climate
076 Oak Alley: Open door
Author ID: 20
OAK ALLEY: THE HEAVY MASS PLANTATION HOUSE M. Susan Ubbelohde School of Architecture University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 USA ABSTRACT
Oak Alley, a southern Louisiana plantation house was constructed in the 1830s. The climate responsive strategies employed in the house and site design have been identified and documented through field tests, model analysis and occupant interviews by Brian Andrews and Brian Spencer, working with Dr. Eugene Cizek and Professor Susan Ubbelohde. This paper discusses the background of bioclimatic design strategies developed for the Gulf Coast climate of the U.S. Three major factors in the success of Oak Alleys response to climate are examined: the dynamic heavy-mass envelope, the migration of the occupants, and the contribution of ritual, contrast, and synesthesia to thermal comfort. Conclusions address the value of studying historic examples and the complexity of a truly responsive and comfortable design. 1. INTRODUCTION
In comparison to the rest of the continental U.S., the Southeast, and especially the swamps and bayous of Louisiana have epitomized the relative tropics. A world of palm trees and Spanish moss, dripping with humidity and crawling with insects, the South is home to the passions of William Faulkner and Tennessee Williams. Understanding the Souths nearly mythic role as our representative hot humid climate clarifies the ease with which we have assumed that tropical architectural strategies might be appropriate. Thus the low heat capacity walls and roof, maximum shade, maximum ventilation described by Fitch and Branch for the tropical rain forest in their seminal article1 have crept into our general consciousness as somehow applicable design strategies in the Deep South. 2. BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN GUIDELINES
As we became better at both describing the climate and understanding implications for architectural response,2 we also began to look at 19th century architectural precedents.
Slide #: Title: Comments: 060 Oak Alley: From north 2 Author ID: 4 SBSE Slide ID: CD008-060-S004-003
(Figure 1 Oak Alley Plantation, Vacherie, Louisiana) This search was ostensibly for clues, but functioned primarily as confirmation of the newly developed guidelines.3 For the northern U.S. and the Southwest, passive designs could provide comfort for most of the year. The basic architectural strategies suggested for orientation, aperture, and envelope and mass characteristics tended, in general, to work through the annual patterns of seasonal change. However, in the Southeast, our sophisticated analysis brought us a difficult position, a set of conflicting guidelines.
In Regional Guidelines for Building Passive Energy Conserving Homes (1980), the potential of passive strategies for providing thermal comfort was addressed. Chapter 11 for the Gulf Coast distinguished the primary design condition as too hot for comfort (52% of the year). The recommendations were: 1. Allow wind to ventilate and cool; 2. Protect from the sun; 3. Flatten day-to-night temperature swings; 4. Avoid creating additional humidity. The secondary design condition, too cool for comfort, occurs a substantial 36% of the year. However, the recommendations of 1. Letting the sun in and 2. Avoiding infiltration are, along with #3 and 4 above, less important and should only be considered if greater detail and operational control is possible.4 This relieves the designer of resolving the more difficult of the contradictory guidelines. For example, should the architect design with high ceilings or minimize the volume to be heated or refrigerated? Is it better to provide many large operable windows, or do you minimize glazing to reduce infiltration, winter heat loss and summer solar gain? The difficult question of the appropriate use of thermal mass versus a lightweight insulated frame is not clearly answered. Watsons analysis and guidelines (1981)5 assume people will use air conditioning when conditions are unrelieved by passive means. However, he also looks at percentages of occurrence to determine design strategies for this climate: minimize infiltration 71% minimize conductive heat flow 56% passive solar gain 42% minimize external air flow 42% minimize solar gain 43% promote ventilation 19% promote radiant cooling 5% promote evaporate cooling 4% Examining Watsons recommendations in relation to the AIA guidelines is even more perplexing: the statistics tell you clearly that if you want to have the option of air conditioning, you must build a thermos bottle which can admit and block solar gain on an equal basis. What becomes clear is that choosing bioclimate design strategies via percentage of occurrence is akin to designing for an average daily temperature of 50 degrees F. It is possible that the climate described consists of 90 degree days and 10 degree nights. Being comfortable part of the time, even if it is more than 50%, is not a satisfactory solution. It is important to find new ways to define the problem. In the Gulf Coast, one needs to design a building that can be both an open parasol and a protective enclave, recognizing the differences between the winter and summer, spring and fall and the accompanying sun position and wind shifts. In effect, a truly climate-responsive house would need to be a complex integrated set of passive systems; a chameleon of many talents. Herein lies the value of examining historical precedents. Many of these houses, including Oak Alley, respond in a sophisticated fashion to the complex demands of the Gulf Coast climate.
Slide #: Title: Comments: 058 Oak Alley: From north Author ID: 2 SBSE Slide ID: CD008-058-S004-001
(Slide 2 Oak Alley: from north)
3.
OAK ALLEY PLANTATION HOUSE
Oak Alley was built in the 1830s facing the Mississippi River to the north at the end of an existing allJe of twenty-eight oak trees. The house was placed on the site of a previous cottage and constructed with bricks of Mississippi River mud, molded and fired on site.
Slide #: Title: Comments: 059 Oak Alley: 1st floor plan Author ID: 3 SBSE Slide ID: CD008-059-S004-002
(Slide 3 Oak Alley: 1st floor plan)

Slide #: Title: Comments: 060 Oak Alley: From north 2 Author ID: 4 SBSE Slide ID: CD008-060-S004-003
(Slide 4 Oak Alley from north 2)

Slide #: Title: Comments: 061 Oak Alley: Site plan Author ID: 5 SBSE Slide ID: CD008-061-S004-004
(Slide 5 Oak Alley site plan)

Slide #: Title: Comments: 062 Oak Alley: The allee Author ID: 6 SBSE Slide ID: CD008-062-S004-005
(Slide 6 Oak Alley the allJe) Completed in 1839, the house has two floors of living areas, each with an eleven foot central hall running north and south. Square in plan, the house is surrounded with an eleven foot deep gallery and a total of twenty-eight oak trees which form the allJe. The 16 walls are of masonry, finished with painted stucco on the exterior and painted plaster on the interior. Originally there were four dormers, one on each side of the hipped roof. The full complement of out-buildings typically associated with a working plantation (kitchen, garconnieres, shed, stables, slave quarters, etc.) are also on the grounds to the east and south of the house. The house was altered by the architects Koch and Armstrong during restoration in the 1920s after fifty years of abandonment. The original kitchen building still stands opposite the formal garden to the east; however, the kitchen was brought into the house in the southeast corner of the ground floor. The dormers were increased to three on each side of the house for a total of nine. The stairway has also been moved from the southwest corner to the center hall, explaining the absence of fireplaces in the southwest rooms. Finally, the original black and white marble floors were replaced with wooden floors.
Slide #: Title: Comments: 059 Oak Alley: 1st floor plan Author ID: 3 SBSE Slide ID: CD008-059-S004-002
(Figure 3 Ground floor plan) (Figure 4 Upper floor plan - No Slide Supplied)
4.
THE DYNAMIC ENVELOPE
Oak Alley recognizes the demands of the exterior climate by providing an envelope which can function as either an open parasol or a thermal enclave. Each living area, including the central hall which functioned as a second parlor, has French doors giving onto two orientations. These can open the rooms dramatically to the outside breeze and temperature. The interior doors to the hall and through the service rooms support additional cross ventilation, while the fifteen foot ceilings allow hot air to rise above head height.
Slide #: Title: Comments: 063 Oak Alley: Cross vent Author ID: 7 SBSE Slide ID: CD008-063-S004-006
(Slide 7 Oak Alley cross vent)

Slide #: Title: Comments: 064 Oak Alley: Living room Author ID: 8 SBSE Slide ID: CD008-064-S004-007
(Slide 8 Oak Alley living room) Coupling the hatch door on the roofs belvedere and the operable dormers with the vertical opening created by the move of the stair, the house has an effective stack ventilating system. This supplements the potential for cross ventilation during those periods of minimal and uncertain wind speed and direction, generally the months of July and August.6
Slide #: Title: Comments: 065 Oak Alley: Stack vent Author ID: 9 SBSE Slide ID: CD008-065-S004-008
(Slide 9 Oak Alley stack vent)

066 Oak Alley: West faade Author ID: 10 SBSE Slide ID: CD008-066-S004-009
Slide #: Title: Comments:
(Slide 10 Oak Alley west faade) (Figure 5 North elevation - No Slide Supplied) 4.1 Shade
In conjunction with ventilation, shade is still required for comfort during those overheated period not yet severe enough to require an enclave (March, April, May and October).7 This is provided on the north or front galleries nearly all year. The east walls and glazing are shaded after 10 a.m. in March and September and from 9:00 a.m. on June 21st. The southern walls are shaded throughout the day from early March to early October. The west wall is the mirror of the east, lacking shade in the afternoons from March to September (Figure 7). A second layer of operable sun controls, the wooden shutters on each French door, can be used during those periods when the overhangs do not provide the necessary shade.
Slide #: Title: Comments: 067 Oak Alley: South faade Author ID: 11 SBSE Slide ID: CD008-067-S004-010
(Slide 11 Oak Alley south faade)
SBSE CD 008 Page 13 of 19 Slide #: Title: Comments: 068 Oak Alley: South gallery Author ID: 12 SBSE Slide ID: CD008-068-S004-011
(Slide 12 Oak Alley south gallery)

Slide #: Title: Comments: 069 Oak Alley: West gallery Author ID: 13 SBSE Slide ID: CD008-069-S004-012
(Slide 13 West gallery)

Slide #: Title: Comments: 070 Author ID: 14 Oak Alley: Shuttered door SBSE Slide ID: CD008-070-S004-013
(Slide 14 Shuttered doors)

Slide #: Title: Comments: 065 Oak Alley: Stack vent Author ID: 9 SBSE Slide ID: CD008-065-S004-008
(Figure 6 - Section showing stack ventilation) 4.2 Closing the Envelope
As much as 305 of the year may bring conditions of severe overheating with high humidity.8 During these times, the house can be closed to the outside extremes and remain shaded from solar gain as described above. The two living floors are closed and the dormers are opened to exhaust any heat built up beneath the roof. In the 1930s, an exhaust fan was placed in one of the dormers with considerable effect. A second strategy now available with the invention of air conditioning is the ability to close and condition only one or two rooms within the overall house.
Slide #: Title: Comments: 071 Oak Alley: Attic exhaust Author ID: 15 SBSE Slide ID: CD008-071-S004-014
(Slide 15 Attic exhaust)

Slide #: Title: Comments: 072 Oak Alley: Dormers Author ID: 16 SBSE Slide ID: CD008-072-S004-015
(Slide 16 Oak Alley dormers)

066 Oak Alley: West faade Author ID: 10 SBSE Slide ID: CD008-066-S004-009
Slide #: Title: Comments:
(Figure 7(a) West elevation, late afternoon March 21st) (Figure 7(b) - Solar transit plot from west gallery - No Slide Supplied) Both of these closed strategies work in conjunction with the substantial thermal mass in both interior and exterior walls. The masonry walls are coupled to a continually available sink; the 65 degree F. groundwater. Oak Alleys brick walls, like the masonry walls in the French Quarter of New Orleans, have their foundations let into the high water table. This causes a condition in which the water is wicked up into the wall. Thus the walls are kept cooler than summer air temperatures, although they suffer from peeling paint. The interior relative humidity is, unfortunately, increased. When the room is closed, the discomfort must be balanced by the cooler mean
radiant temperature of the room or the dehumidifying action of the air conditioner. Due to the presence of a heat sink independent of daily cycling, the occupants can utilize both ventilation and the cool mass without compromising the effectiveness of either. It is this combination which allowed the central hall to be a favorite room in hot periods. 4.3 The Winter Enclave
The need for a winter enclave is a critical fact of life in Louisiana, where heating bills often run as high as cooling due to lack of insulation and infiltration control. Each of Oak Alleys rooms may be closed to infiltration using the doors and shutters.
Slide #: Title: Comments: 073 Author ID: 17 Oak Alley: Thermal zones SBSE Slide ID: CD008-073-S004-016
(Slide 17 Oak Alley Thermal zones) Local heating may be accomplished with the fireplace or by allowing the sun to enter. The mass walls provide an envelope which resists infiltration more successfully than the typical Louisiana frame house, while simultaneously allowing delayed transfer of radiant heat. The mass walls provide an envelope which resists infiltration more successfully than the typical Louisiana frame house, while simultaneously allowing delayed transfer of radiant heat. 5. THE DYNAMIC OCCUPANTS
Perhaps it is in our nature as architects or researchers to concentrate on those aspects of the building design over which we know the designer exercises control (e.g.: the U value, the nature of the aperture). There may be a mention of a sun space or a shaded porch which accepts breezes in the published guidelines, but on the whole we have left unrecognized and unexploited the most powerful ally of the dynamic envelope: the redundant living space. The ability of those living in the house to move up and down, in and out, and around the house on the galleries make this house truly responsive to climate.
Slide #: Title: Comments: 074 Oak Alley: View to allee Author ID: 18 SBSE Slide ID: CD008-074-S004-017
(Slide 18 Oak Alley view to alleJ) Oak Alleys galleries, ground floor paved arcades and center halls are areas which may be occupied at any point when they offer improved thermal comfort. Because they were initially conceived as living spaces, rather than as hallways and overhangs, their eleven foot widths accommodate a variety of activities with ease. The northeast corner of the second floor gallery has shade and breeze on a hot afternoon. The dark center hall offers cool walls on an August day. The mid-day sun of the southern gallery warms a space blocked from northeast November winds. In fact, migration through these redundant living spaces provides the most immediate response to the range of diurnal patterns typical of this climate. Previous research has identified three daily comfort patterns which together account for 97% of the year: (1) days which begin cold, move into the modified comfort zone, and then turn cold again C-MCZ-C; (2) days which are within the modified comfort zone all day MCZ; and (3) days which begin in the modified comfort zone, become hot, and then return to the modified comfort zone
MCZ-H-McZ. Conditions coded bot hC and H require a closed building and either cooling or heating. Conditions coded MCZ can be comfortable with an open building if the right amount of wind or sun is provided. 9 In Oak Alley, one can move in and out of a closed space onto a gallery, and then seek the sun and wind conditions appropriate by moving around the galleries until comfortable.
Slide #: Title: Comments: 075 Author ID: 19 Oak Alley: Lake Charles Climate SBSE Slide ID: CD008-075-S004-018
(Slide 19 Lake Charles climate)

Slide #: Title: Comments: 075 Author ID: 19 Oak Alley: Lake Charles Climate SBSE Slide ID: CD008-075-S004-018
(Figure 9 Typical annual distribution of diurnal comfort patterns, Lake Charles, Louisiana)
Slide #: Title: Comments: 068 Oak Alley: South gallery Author ID: 12 SBSE Slide ID: CD008-068-S004-011
(Figure 10 South gallery, 11 a.m., March 21st) 6. THE OASIS AND THE ROCKING CHAIR
Lisa Heschong has argued the importance of recognizing and designing thermal environments which include ritual, variability, contrast, and the stimulation of senses such as sight, sound and touch. 10 For example, she describes the necessity of a summer enclave not in terms of temperature, relative humidity and solar radiation, but as follows: When we are overheatedthe heat makes us lethargic and slow-witted. Any action required too much effortA hot daycan also be stressful because it overstimulates. The sun can be too bright, glinting off of every surface. The antidote then is not something that moves and sparkles but a deep, quiet coolness, a place to retreat from the sun and rest in peace.11 Oak Alleys success as a climate-responsive house, as well as the deep attraction it holds, lies only partially in the thermal performance of the envelope and the range of actions available to the occupants. The design provides the psychological and sensual counterparts of thermal comfort.
Slide #: Title: Comments: 076 Oak Alley: Open door Author ID: 20 SBSE Slide ID: CD008-076-S004-019
(Slide 20 Open door) The house, although square, is oriented by function and glazing to the alley. This alley is, ironically, good at channeling the cold north winds of winter directly to the house. However, the same space more than compensates by providing a visual and aural oasis during the hottest days of summer. All major rooms and galleries have a framed view of a deep shaded room, three hundred feet long, leading to the river. The contrast of a hot bright sun with the green of the alley only emphasizes the pleasures of the coolness provided. This alley was historically the formal entrance for those coming from the river or along River Road, framing the house and establishing a powerful spatial and thermal experience as preamble to the house itself. The interior hallway, a formal extension of the alley, also extends the coolness offered on a hot day. The dimmer shade and cool masonry walls protect you while the visual connection to river, green grass and breezes is maintained.
The French doors, the shutters and the mosquito netting hung on the galleries not only provide thermal comfort, but do so in a visible and variable manner. Their visibility and obvious connection with comfort allows them to become objects of affection, which broadens our appreciation and care for the place.12 Similarly the twentyeight round columns act as sun-dials, casting shadows which move daily and seasonally, placing the house in time. On overcast days, the curves of the column shaft model the soft light, always distinguishing the protected zone of the galleries from the outside environment through light and shade. 7. CONCLUSION
Heschong reminds us that the association of comfort with people and place are reinforced by the ritualized use of a place. It establishes, in time and behavior, a definition of the place as strong as any architectural spatial definition.13 Oak Alley provides a magnificent architectural set upon which these rituals can develop. The northwest corner of the upper gallery was used each summer evening for sitting after dinner in a rocking chair, feeling the breeze pick up around the corner of the house, watching the coolness come as the sun set. The seasonal ritual of taking up the rugs to bare the marble floors and hanging the mosquito netting on the galleries defines the summer house in time as well as place. These psychological aspects of thermal comfort, which cannot be measure on site or modeled in the lab are those which ultimately make the envelope performance and migration patterns worth examining. It is not only that the alley is cool or that the galleries catch the sun which makes them worthwhile. The sophisticated thermal performance of Oak Alley is made significant spatially and architecturally, and the house graciously acknowledges and welcomes the actions of the occupants as part of the whole. Here, in Oak Alley, we have more than a collection of climate response design strategies, we have an example of climate responsive architecture. 8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Brian Andrews and Brian Spencer, former students at Tulane University School of Architecture, were the major researchers for this paper and provided all drawn illustrations. They put in long hours of site tests, physical modeling, computer modeling, and contributed exquisite graphics and careful insights. My dependence on their work cannot be overstated. Both Brians and I owe much to my co-teacher, Dr. Eugene Cizek, and the Zeb Mayeaux, the owner of Oak Alley, who enthusiastically allowed us full access to the house and site. 9. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. REFERENCE Fitch, J.M. and D.P. Branch. Primitive Architecture, Scientific American, vol. 203 (April 1960), p. 137 Brown, G.Z. and B.J. Novitsky. A Design Methodology Based on Climate Characteristics, Proceedings of the 6th National Passive Solar Conference, Portland, OR. September 1981, pp. 372-376. AIA Research Corporation. Regional Guidelines for Building Passive Energy July 1980 AIA, p. 232. Watson, Donald. Bioclimatic Analysis and Design Methods, Passive Cooling, International Passive and Hybrid Cooling Conference, Miami Beach, FL. November 1981. pp. 597-611
6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
U.S. Department of Commerce. Climatic Atlas of the United States, 1968. NOAA, Local Climatological Date for New Orleans, Louisiana. Watson, p. 599.
Ubbelohde, M. Susan. The New Orleans Shotgun: Design Strategy for Variable Climate Response. Progress in Passive Solar Energy Systems, 1982, pp. 939-944. Heschong, Lisa. Thermal Delight in Architecture. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1979). Heschong, p. 17. Heschong, p. 37. Heschong, p. 49.
Passive Cooling - Cairo Wind Screen G. Z. Brown SBSE Slides 77-91

Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: 077 Cairo - wd screen Author ID: GZB 4 SBSE Slide ID: CD008-077-S005-001
078 Cairo - wd screen
Author ID: GZB 3
Author ID: GZB 2
Author ID: GZB 1
081 Cairo - stone screen
Author ID: GZB 8
Author ID: GZB 7
Author ID: GZB 6
Cairo - wd screen
Author ID: GZB 5
084 Author ID: GZB 12 Cairo - Muhammed Ali Mosque Interior 085 Cairo Author ID: GZB 11
086 Author ID: GZB 10 Cairo - Muhammed Ali Mosque
087 Cairo - stone screen
Author ID: GZB 9
088 Cairo
Author ID: GZB 16
089 Cairo
Author ID: GZB 15
SBSE CD 008 Page 19 of 19 Slide #: Title: Comments: Slide #: Title: Comments: 090 Cairo Author ID: GZB 14 SBSE Slide ID: CD008-090-S005-014
091 Cairo
Author ID: GZB 13 SBSE Slide ID: CD008-091-S005-015
Unknown Misc. Slides Unknown Author SBSE Slides 92-95

Trombe Wall, Solar Staircase, Collector Section, Water Wall, Etc

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Исходное описание:

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Trombe Wall, Solar Staircase, Collector Section, Water Wall, Etc

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

SBSE CD 008 Index Sheet 1 of 3

SBSE CD 008 Page 1 of 19

002 Solar window

SBSE Slide ID: CD008-002-S001-002

003 Solar path finder

SBSE Slide ID: CD008-003-S001-003

004 Section solar collector

SBSE Slide ID: CD008-004-S001-004

005 Graph solar spectrum

SBSE Slide ID: CD008-005-S001-005

006 Author ID: 6 S.S.F. Graph trombe wall assemblies

SBSE Slide ID: CD008-006-S001-006

007 Infrared thermography

SBSE Slide ID: CD008-007-S001-007

009 Sunspace addition

SBSE Slide ID: CD008-009-S001-009

010 Sunspace addition

SBSE Slide ID: CD008-010-S001-010

011 Author ID: 11 Trombe wall construction w/selective surface

SBSE Slide ID: CD008-011-S001-011

012 Author ID: 12 Trombe wall construction w/selective surface

SBSE Slide ID: CD008-012-S001-012

013 Author ID: 13 Trombe wall construction w/selective surface

SBSE Slide ID: CD008-013-S001-013

014 Author ID: 14 Trombe wall construction w/selective surface

SBSE Slide ID: CD008-014-S001-014

015 Author ID: 15 Trombe wall construction w/selective surface

SBSE Slide ID: CD008-015-S001-015

016 Solar staircase

SBSE Slide ID: CD008-016-S001-016

017 Solar staircase

SBSE Slide ID: CD008-017-S001-017

018 Passive solar house

SBSE Slide ID: CD008-018-S001-018

019 Author ID: 19 First insulate than insolate

SBSE Slide ID: CD008-019-S001-019

020 Davis waterfall

SBSE Slide ID: CD008-020-S001-020

021 Bead wall

SBSE Slide ID: CD008-021-S001-021

022 Bead wall

SBSE Slide ID: CD008-022-S001-022

SBSE Slide ID: CD008-024-S001-024

SBSE Slide ID: CD008-025-S001-025

026 Register divertor

SBSE Slide ID: CD008-026-S001-026

027 Skylight shutter

SBSE Slide ID: CD008-027-S001-027

028 Skylight shutter

SBSE Slide ID: CD008-028-S001-028

029 Clearview collector

SBSE Slide ID: CD008-029-S001-029

030 Clerestory shutter

SBSE Slide ID: CD008-030-S001-030

SBSE Slide ID: NOSLIDE

SBSE Slide ID: NOSLIDE

Author ID: 33 Net window heat loss and gain

SBSE Slide ID: NOSLIDE

SBSE Slide ID: NOSLIDE

SBSE Slide ID: NOSLIDE

Davis skylight shutter

SBSE Slide ID: NOSLIDE

Davis skylight shutter