Max Kondrath CEE 325 Lab 10/8/11

Velocity Profile Lab

(Used left Average Velocities for time experiments) (I used the data tables from Wednesdays lab)

II. Introduction: In this lab an acoustic Doppler velocimeter is used to measure local velocities in a flow of liquid. There will be measurements for velocity for the right, left, and middle portions of the flume. Each portion of the flume has its own unique data. With the total average velocity, and average velocity per section of the flume (left, right, middle) data we will calculate the standard deviation of the average velocities from the timed ( t=10,20,60,120 seconds) experiments. Next we will infer about the strength of observed disturbances using variations in velocity fluctuations and the standard deviation of these variations. Furthermore the volumetric flow rate, kinetic energy fluctuations and the kinetic energy correction factor(alpha) will be calculated using given equations. II. Data:

Average V (Middle)(m/s) 0.699288422 0.761128862 0.713348666 0.678831752 0.779476404 0.726735543 Average V(m/s) (t=20s) 0.725724264 0.799708508 0.671032773 0.710546509 STD Dev Vel. (t=20s) 0.412259877 0.342612769 0.451708208 0.425242978

Average V (Left)(m/s) 0.704867435 0.709780783 0.648255806 0.538708733 0.531030912 0.527171612 Average V(m/s) (t=60s) 0.737501168 0.71947967 0.748388157 0.781368632 STD Dev Vel. (t=60s) 0.402362713 0.418656556 0.397971804 0.370155302

Average V (Right)(m/s) 0.610505423 0.755684024 0.788728576 0.79254561 0.761673209 0.741219248 Average V(m/s) (t=120s) 0.744244728 0.703972043 0.740859394 0.724245027 STD Dev Vel.(t=120s) 0.40092423 0.431165552 0.403165303 0.415638966

Average V(m/s) (t=10s) 0.820256598 0.758337429 0.706891909 0.808308544 STD Dev Vel. (t=10s) 0.333854328 0.395530894 0.426274341 0.32612872

III. Calculations/Estimations: I. Standard deviation and mean of average velocities for each time group: T = 10 seconds; STD = .05185; Mean = .77345 T = 20 seconds; STD = .05382; Mean = .72675 T = 60 seconds; STD = .02601; Mean = .74668 T = 120 seconds; STD = .01844; Mean = .72833 III. Calculate A, Q, KE flux and KE correction factor using the provided equations. Numerically integrate velocity profiles while still accounting for total flow area Assumptions about the above quote: a.) The total flow area refers to the left, right and middle areas. b.) Integrating right, left and middle velocities will be done by finding the mean of each of the three sample sets and then applying given equations. i.) Total Area = (9.5in 2in) (4in) = 30in^2 Area per section = (30in^2)/3 = 10in^2

ii.)

Left Mean Average Velocity = .7264682748 m/s Right Mean Average Velocity = .741726015 m/s Middle Mean Average Velocity = .7264682748 m/s Total Average Velocity = .7315541882 m/s

iii.)

1 inch = .0254m; Total Area = (7.5in*.0254m)(4in*.0254m) = .0193548 m^2 Left Area = .0064516 m^2 = Right Area = Middle Area Qttl = summation [V*A] = (.7264682748 * .0064516)left + (.741726015*.0064516)right + (.72646827488*.0064516)middle Qttl = .014159085 m^3 per second

iv.)

Calculate the kinetic energy flux and the kinetic energy flux correction factor.

KE

V 2

Ai

KE flux = (p/2) * Asection*[(VmeanL^3)+(VmeanR^3)+(VmeanM^3)]

KE flux = ((1000kg/m^3)/2)* .0064516 *[(.7264682748^3) + (.741726015^3) + (.7264682748)^3] KE Flux = 587.4312 J/(m^2)(s)

KE

V 2

Ai

V A

V 3A

Using: Atotal, Total average velocity Correction factor = (587.4312)/[(1000/2)( .7315541882*.0193548)

Correction factor= 82.9759 IV. Conclusion: In this experiment we used an ADV to measure velocity fields in a turbulent flow of liquids. Using the left side results I calculated the standard deviation and mean of average velocities for each time group of trial times. These standard deviations showed that when time was increased from 10seconds, to 20 seconds, to 60 seconds and to 120 seconds the standard deviation values remain near each other at 10seconds and 20 second trial times decreased dramatically; more specifically magnitudes from .05185 to .05382 to .02601 and finally to .01844, respectively. This shows that when (t=120seconds) there will be the least amount of uncertainty in the velocity averages because the standard deviation is the smallest. I would estimate that at a (t=240seconds) the data would be extremely precise in a specific sample set.