Max Kondrath Intro to Global Change 10/6/2010 Lab 4 Carbon Cycle

1. Atmos C: 600Gt
1: ATMOS C 1: 2: 3: 601 38001 48000001 2: OCEAN C 3: LIMESTONE

1: 2: 3:

600 38000 48000000

1: 2: 3: Page 1

599 37999 47999999 0.00 2.50 5.00 My rs Table1 7.50 10.00 4:11 PM Wed, Oct 06, 2010

Atmos C: 1200Gt
1: ATMOS C 1: 2: 3: 1200 38500 48000600 2: OCEAN C 3 3 3: LIMESTONE 3 3

1: 2: 3:

900 38250 48000300 2

1: 2: 3: Page 1

600 38000 48000000

1 0.00 1 2.50 2 1 5.00 My rs Table1 2 1 2 7.50 10.00 4:15 PM Wed, Oct 06, 2010

The response time of the second graph is about 2.5 million years. This means with the changed values it takes 2.5 million years for the graph to steady out again. The excess atmospheric carbon represented by the second graph above ends up in the limestone. It did not remain in the atmospheric Carbon resevoir. By looking at the second of the two graphs above you can see that the atmospheric Carbon depletes as the Limestone resevoir increases and then remains constant. 2.
1: ATMOS C 1: 2: 3: 600 38300 48000300 3 2: OCEAN C 3 3: LIMESTONE 3 3

1: 2: 3:

450 38150 48000150 2

1: 2: 3: Page 1

300 38000 48000000

1 0.00

1 2.50

1 5.00 My rs Q2

1 2 7.50 10.00 4:22 PM Wed, Oct 06, 2010

In this case The Ocean Carbon levels out underneath the atmospheric carbon line whereas the the graph above this one shows that oceanic carbon and atmospheric carbon level out at about the same y-value. Increased temperature correlates to an increase in the atmosphere of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide which shows in our graph. There is more atmospheric carbon and oceanic carbon 3. As you decrease the solar input the change in surface temperature remains at zero for every value in the graph. This means that the solar input does not have an effect on the rate of change of surface temperature. Solar Input 100 99 98 97 95 80 SFC DT 0 -.86 -1.7 -2.6 -4.4 -19

4.
1: SFC TEMP 1: 289

1:

288

1: Page 1

287 0.00 5.00 10.00 My rs Table3 15.00 20.00 4:47 PM Wed, Oct 06, 2010

Solar Input 100 99 98 97 95 80

SFC DT 0 -.75 -.84 -.91 -1.1 -1.9

Looking at the two charts the climate-carbon cycle interactions affect the final global average temperature. The first chart is an earth without carbon and as solar input decreases the surface temperature decreases similar. But the second chart represents an Earth with carbon and as the solar input decreases the fact that carbon is an excellently evil greenhouse gas keeps the planet warm and near the temperature it originated at.

Graph 1 Graph 2 ATMOS C relativ e atmos C relativ e ocean C

OCEAN C

weathering

Graph 3

relativ e limestone LIMESTONE

melting & metamorphism

sedimentation

~ tectonic pulse

SOLAR INPUT CLOUD COVER CLOUD ALBEDO

SW ATMOS ABS REFLECTED SW

Radiativ e Forcing ATMOSPHERE

LW SPACE

SW ATMOS Numeric Display ?

SW SURF

SFC ALBEDO

ATMOS TEMP

SURFACE

LW SURF

ATMOS dT LW ATMOS SFC TEMP SFC LW SPACE

SFC DT

Numeric Display

SOLAR INPUT CLOUD COVER CLOUD ALBEDO

SW ATMOS ABS REFLECTED SW

ATMOSPHERE

LW SPACE

SW ATMOS

SW SURF

SFC ALBEDO

ATMOS TEMP

SURFACE

LW SURF

ATMOS dT LW ATMOS SFC TEMP SFC LW SPACE

SFC DT

Equations: ebm ATMOSPHERE(t) = ATMOSPHERE(t - dt) + (SW_ATMOS + LW_ATMOS - LW_SPACE - LW_SURF) * dt INIT ATMOSPHERE = 16.5 INFLOWS: SW_ATMOS = SW_ATMOS_ABS*(SOLAR_INPUT-REFLECTED_SW) LW_ATMOS = (108*((SFC_TEMP/288)^4))+(36*SFC_TEMP/288) {heat transferred to the atmosphere by radiation, condensation of water, and conduction-convection} OUTFLOWS: LW_SPACE = 60*((ATMOS_TEMP/255)^4) {infrared radiation loss to space} LW_SURF = 102*((ATMOS_TEMP/255)^4) SURFACE(t) = SURFACE(t - dt) + (SW_SURF + LW_SURF - SFC_LW_SPACE - LW_ATMOS) * dt INIT SURFACE = 271.2 INFLOWS: SW_SURF = (SOLAR_INPUT-REFLECTED_SW)*(1-SW_ATMOS_ABS)*(1-SFC_ALBEDO) {solar energy absorbed by surface} LW_SURF = 102*((ATMOS_TEMP/255)^4) OUTFLOWS: SFC_LW_SPACE = 8*((SFC_TEMP/288)^4) {infrared heat loss- due to atmospheric window} LW_ATMOS = (108*((SFC_TEMP/288)^4))+(36*SFC_TEMP/288) {heat transferred to the atmosphere by radiation, condensation of water, and conduction-convection} ATMOS_dT = ATMOS_TEMP-255 {atmos temp relative to initial temp} ATMOS_TEMP = 255*ATMOSPHERE/16.5

{starting avg temp for atmosphere is 255K= -18C this relationship incorporates the avg. heat capacity of the atmosphere} CLOUD_ALBEDO = 28/60 CLOUD_COVER = .6 REFLECTED_SW = SOLAR_INPUT*CLOUD_COVER*CLOUD_ALBEDO SFC_ALBEDO = 4/54 SFC_DT = (SFC_TEMP-288) {sfc tmp relative to initial sfc tmp} SFC_TEMP = 288*SURFACE/271.2 {starting temp for surface is 288 K} SOLAR_INPUT = 80 SW_ATMOS_ABS = 0.25 {absorption of radiation in atmosphere due to ozone, water, and dust}

Equations combo:

ATMOSPHERE(t) = ATMOSPHERE(t - dt) + (SW_ATMOS + LW_ATMOS - LW_SPACE - LW_SURF) * dt INIT ATMOSPHERE = 16.5 INFLOWS: SW_ATMOS = (SW_ATMOS_ABS*(SOLAR_INPUT-REFLECTED_SW))*10 LW_ATMOS = ((108*((SFC_TEMP/288)^4))+(36*SFC_TEMP/288))*10 {heat transferred to the atmosphere by radiation, condensation of water, and conduction-convection} OUTFLOWS: LW_SPACE = (60*((ATMOS_TEMP/255)^4) - Radiative_Forcing) * 10

{infrared radiation loss to space} LW_SURF = (102*((ATMOS_TEMP/255)^4))*10 ATMOS_C(t) = ATMOS_C(t - dt) + (melting_&_metamorphism - weathering) * dt INIT ATMOS_C = 600 {Gt C from IPCC models} INFLOWS: melting_&_metamorphism = 7e4*(LIMESTONE/48e6)*tectonic_pulse {Gt C/Myr} OUTFLOWS: weathering = (7e4*EXP(SFC_DT/13.7)) {Gt C/Myr -- this is partly from equation 8b from Volk, 1987; the exp term is basically the ratio of weathering relative to the starting value, 7e4 is the est. from BLAG for the present-day weathering flux} LIMESTONE(t) = LIMESTONE(t - dt) + (sedimentation - melting_&_metamorphism) * dt INIT LIMESTONE = 48000000 {Gt C from Caldeira, 1991} INFLOWS: sedimentation = 7e4*(OCEAN_C/3.8e4){Gt C/Myr set up so that it matches the weathering flux, which is based on the est. of present weathering flux given by BLAG} OUTFLOWS: melting_&_metamorphism = 7e4*(LIMESTONE/48e6)*tectonic_pulse {Gt C/Myr} OCEAN_C(t) = OCEAN_C(t - dt) + (weathering - sedimentation) * dt INIT OCEAN_C = 38000 {Gt C from the IPCC models} INFLOWS: weathering = (7e4*EXP(SFC_DT/13.7)) {Gt C/Myr -- this is partly from equation 8b from Volk, 1987; the exp term is basically the ratio of weathering relative to the starting value, 7e4 is the est. from BLAG for the present-day weathering flux} OUTFLOWS: sedimentation = 7e4*(OCEAN_C/3.8e4){Gt C/Myr set up so that it matches the weathering flux, which is based on the est. of present weathering flux given by BLAG} SURFACE(t) = SURFACE(t - dt) + (SW_SURF + LW_SURF - SFC_LW_SPACE - LW_ATMOS) * dt INIT SURFACE = 271.2

INFLOWS: SW_SURF = ((SOLAR_INPUT-REFLECTED_SW)*(1-SW_ATMOS_ABS)*(1-SFC_ALBEDO)) * 10 {solar energy absorbed by surface} LW_SURF = (102*((ATMOS_TEMP/255)^4))*10 OUTFLOWS: SFC_LW_SPACE = (8*((SFC_TEMP/288)^4))*10 {infrared heat loss- due to atmospheric window} LW_ATMOS = ((108*((SFC_TEMP/288)^4))+(36*SFC_TEMP/288))*10 {heat transferred to the atmosphere by radiation, condensation of water, and conduction-convection} ATMOS_dT = ATMOS_TEMP-255 {atmos temp relative to initial temp} ATMOS_TEMP = 255*ATMOSPHERE/16.5 {starting avg temp for atmosphere is 255K= -18C this relationship incorporates the avg. heat capacity of the atmosphere} CLOUD_ALBEDO = 28/60 CLOUD_COVER = .6 Radiative_Forcing = 5.35*LOGN((relative_atmos_C + .0000000000001)/280) REFLECTED_SW = SOLAR_INPUT*CLOUD_COVER*CLOUD_ALBEDO relative_atmos_C = (ATMOS_C/600)*280 relative_limestone = LIMESTONE/48000000 relative_ocean_C = OCEAN_C/38000 SFC_ALBEDO = 4/54 SFC_DT = (SFC_TEMP-288) {sfc tmp relative to initial sfc tmp} SFC_TEMP = 288*SURFACE/271.2

{starting temp for surface is 288 K} SOLAR_INPUT = 80 SW_ATMOS_ABS = 0.25 {absorption of radiation in atmosphere due to ozone, water, and dust} tectonic_pulse = GRAPH(TIME) (0.00, 1.00), (0.571, 1.00), (1.14, 1.00), (1.71, 1.00), (2.29, 1.00), (2.86, 1.00), (3.43, 1.00), (4.00, 1.00)

Equations Carbon Cycle: ATMOS_C(t) = ATMOS_C(t - dt) + (melting_&_metamorphism - weathering) * dt INIT ATMOS_C = 1200 {Gt C from IPCC models} INFLOWS: melting_&_metamorphism = 7e4*(LIMESTONE/48e6)*tectonic_pulse {Gt C/Myr} OUTFLOWS: weathering = (7e4*EXP(SFC_DT/13.7)) {Gt C/Myr -- this is partly from equation 8b from Volk, 1987; the exp term is basically the ratio of weathering relative to the starting value, 7e4 is the est. from BLAG for the present-day weathering flux} LIMESTONE(t) = LIMESTONE(t - dt) + (sedimentation - melting_&_metamorphism) * dt INIT LIMESTONE = 48000000 {Gt C from Caldeira, 1991} INFLOWS: sedimentation = 7e4*(OCEAN_C/3.8e4){Gt C/Myr set up so that it matches the weathering flux, which is based on the est. of present weathering flux given by BLAG} OUTFLOWS: melting_&_metamorphism = 7e4*(LIMESTONE/48e6)*tectonic_pulse {Gt C/Myr} OCEAN_C(t) = OCEAN_C(t - dt) + (weathering - sedimentation) * dt INIT OCEAN_C = 38000 {Gt C from the IPCC models} INFLOWS:

weathering = (7e4*EXP(SFC_DT/13.7)) {Gt C/Myr -- this is partly from equation 8b from Volk, 1987; the exp term is basically the ratio of weathering relative to the starting value, 7e4 is the est. from BLAG for the present-day weathering flux} OUTFLOWS: sedimentation = 7e4*(OCEAN_C/3.8e4){Gt C/Myr set up so that it matches the weathering flux, which is based on the est. of present weathering flux given by BLAG} external_DT = 0 relative_atmos_C = ATMOS_C/600 relative_limestone = LIMESTONE/48000000 relative_ocean_C = OCEAN_C/38000 SFC_DT = 4.6*(relative_atmos_C^.364)-4.6 + external_DT {this is equation7c from Volk, 1987} tectonic_pulse = GRAPH(TIME) (0.00, 1.00), (0.571, 1.00), (1.14, 1.00), (1.71, 1.00), (2.29, 1.00), (2.86, 1.00), (3.43, 1.00), (4.00, 1.00)

external DT

Graph 1 Graph 2

ATMOS C

relativ e atmos C SFC DT

relativ e ocean C

OCEAN C

weathering

relativ e limestone LIMESTONE

melting & metamorphism

sedimentation

~ tectonic pulse