Intake and serum profile of fatty acids are weakly correlated Consumo y suero perfil debil with global

dietary quality in European adolescents.

Vyncke KE, Huybrechts I, Dallongeville J, Mouratidou T, Van Winckel MA, Cuenca-Garca M, Ottevaere C, Gonzlez-Gross M, Moreno LA, Kafatos AG, Leclercq C, Sjstrm M, Molnr D, Stehle P, Breidenassel C, Marcos A, Manios Y, Widhalm K, Gilbert CC, Gottrand F, De Henauw S; HELENA Study Group.

Source
Fuente Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Research Foundation Flanders, Departamento de Salud Pblica, Universidad Ghent, Ghent, Blgica; Fundacin de investigacin Flanders, Bruselas, Blgica. Correo electronico: Krishna.Vyncke@UGent.be. Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: Krishna.Vyncke@UGent.be.

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: OBJETIVO The present study assessed whether compliance with the Food-Based Dietary Guidelines is Evaluar, related to habitual fatty acid (FA) intake and blood lipid parameters. METHODS: MTODOS Dietary information was collected by two non-consecutive 24-h recalls in 1804 European adolescents. Compliance with the Food-Based Dietary Guidelines was expressed by calculating the Diet Quality Index for Adolescents (DQI-A). Blood samples were collected in a randomly selected subset (n = 552). Relations between FA intake/serum concentrations and DQI-A were tested with multilevel regression analysis to correct for the study design (clustering within cities). Analyses were stratified for gender; age was entered as a covariate. RESULTS: Better DQI-A scores were related to increased proportional intakes of energy from total fat, saturated FA, monounsaturated FA, and cholesterol (P < 0.001), whereas no significant association was observed with polyunsaturated FA intakes. In adolescents with higher compared with lower DQI-A scores, dairy products contributed more (21.0% versus 12.7%) and low-nutrient, energy-dense items contributed less (17.2% versus 26.3%) to the intake of total fat. A positive association was observed between the DQI-A scores and serum concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (all P < 0.005). The latter, however, was significant only in girls. In boys, higher DQI-A scores were inversely associated with serum cholesterol concentrations (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Although compliance with the Food-Based Dietary Guidelines was not always associated with a favorable FA intake pattern, a significant favorable association with some serum biomarkers was observed. This outcome underlines the importance of considering dietary habits instead of single-nutrient intakes. Copyright 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Physical activity and markers of insulin resistance in adolescents: role of cardiorespiratory fitness levels - the HELENA study.
Jimnez-Pavn D, Ruiz JR, Ortega FB, Martnez-Gmez D, Moreno S, Urzanqui A, Gottrand F, Molnr D, Castillo MJ, Sjstrm M, Moreno LA; on behalf of the HELENA Study group.

Source

GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between objectively assessed physical activity (PA) and markers of insulin resistance (IR) in European adolescents and to examine whether the association of objectively assessed PA and markers of IR is modified by cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). METHODS: A cross-sectional study at school setting was conducted in 1053 (554 girls) adolescents (12.517.5 yr). Weight, height, waist circumference, total body fat, PA (accelerometry), and CRF (20m shuttle run test) were measured. Fasting insulin and glucose concentrations were measured, and homeostasis model assessment as well as quantitative insulin sensitivity check index were computed. RESULTS: In males, vigorous PA (VPA) was negatively associated with markers of IR after adjusting for confounders including waist circumference (all p<0.05). In females, moderate PA, moderate to vigorous PA, and average PA were negatively associated with markers of IR after adjusting for confounders (all p<0.05). Moreover, when the sample was segmented by CRF levels all the PA intensities were significantly associated with the markers of IR in females with low CRF but not in those with middle-high CRF after adjusting for confounders. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that PA is negatively associated with markers of IR after adjusting for confounders including total and central body fat in both sexes, but this relationship is modified by the CRF levels being especially important in those females with low CRF. Preventive strategies should focus not only on increasing the volume of PA but also on enhancing CRF through VPA. 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

Effects of different frequencies (2-3 days/week) of aquatic therapy program in adults with chronic low back pain. A nonrandomized comparison trial.
Baena-Beato PA, Arroyo-Morales M, Delgado-Fernndez M, Gatto-Cardia MC, Artero EG.

Source
Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of an aquatic therapy program with different frequencies (2 vs 3 days per week) in chronic low back pain. DESING: Non-randomized comparison trial. SETTING: Sport and spa community health club. SUBJECTS: Fifty-four adults with chronic low back pain (48.910.0 years). INTERVENTION: Eight-week aquatic therapy program. OUTCOME MEASURES: Pain (visual analog scale [VAS]), disability (Oswestry Disability Index), and quality of life (ShortForm Health Survey 36), body composition (weight, body mass index, body fat mass, body fat percentage, and skeletal muscle mass), and health-related fitness (sit and reach, handgrip strength, curl-up, Rockport 1-mile test). RESULTS: Both experimental groups presented significant improvements in low back pain and disability (P<0.001) compared with control group. The 3 days/week group showed significantly greater benefits at VAS flexion and disability (P<0.001) than the 2 days/week group. Regarding quality of life, both intervention groups presented significant differences for Physical Role (P<0.05), Bodily Pain (P<0.001), General Health (P=0.012), and Standardized Physical Component

(P<0.001) compared with control group. Both experimental groups significantly improved all health-related fitness parameters (P<0.01). The 3 days/week group showed significantly greater benefits at curl-up and heart rate (P<0.001) than the 2 days/week group. No significant changes between treatment groups and control were found in body composition. CONCLUSIONS: Eight weeks of aquatic therapy program decrease levels of back pain and disability, increase quality of life, and improve health-related fitness in adults with chronic low back pain without effects in body composition. A dose-response effect was observed in some parameters, with greater benefits when exercising 3 days per week compared with 2 days.

Genetic and Molecular Insights Into the Role of PROX1 in Glucose Metabolism.
Lecompte S, Pasquetti G, Hermant X, Grenier-Boley B, Gonzalez-Gross M, De Henauw S, Molnar D, Stehle P, Bghin L, Moreno LA, Amouyel P, Dallongeville J, Meirhaeghe A.

Source
INSERM U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Universit Lille Nord de France, UDSL, Lille, France.

Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have shown that the rs340874 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in PROX1 is a genetic susceptibility factor for type 2 diabetes. We conducted genetic and molecular studies to better understand the role of PROX1 in type 2 diabetes. We assessed the impact of the whole common genetic variability of PROX1 (80 SNPs) on type 2 diabetes-related biochemical traits in the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) study (n = 1,155). Three SNPs (rs340838, rs340837, and rs340836) were significantly associated with fasting plasma insulin levels (P 0.00295). We evaluated the impact of nine PROX1 SNPs (the three insulin-associated SNPs plus six SNPs in strong linkage disequilibrium) on luciferase reporter gene expression. The insulin-lowering alleles of rs340874, rs340873, and rs340835 were associated with lower luciferase activity in MIN6 and HepG2 cells (except for rs340874 in HepG2 cells only). Electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that specific nuclear protein bindings occur at the three SNPs in HepG2 cells, with allele-binding differences for rs340874. We also showed that the knockdown of Prox1 expression by small interfering RNAs in INS-1E cells resulted in a 1.7-fold reduction in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. All together, we propose that reduced expression of PROX1 by cis-regulatory variants results in altered -cell insulin secretion and thereby confers susceptibility to type 2 diabetes.

Allergy to goat and sheep cheese with tolerance to cow's milk and its derivatives.
Vias M, Carns J, Lpez-Matas MA, Hernndez N, Castillo MJ, Ibero M.

Source
Unitat d'Allrgia, Hospital de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: martavinas@hotmail.es.

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We present two adult and three paediatric patients who had allergic reactions after cheese ingestion and subsequently tolerated cow's milk derivatives. The objective of this study was to determine possible cross-reactivity between different types of cheese. METHODS: Skin tests were performed to cow's milk fractions, and prick-prick tests for goat, sheep and cow cheese. Specific IgE to the fractions of cow's milk and cow, sheep and goat cheese was analysed. The protein profile of cow, sheep and goat cheese extracts was determined by SDSPAGE and the allergenic profile by immunoblot. Cross-reactivity was investigated by immunoblot inhibition. RESULTS:

Skin tests were positive for casein in the patients. The prick-prick tests were positive for the three cheeses in patients 1 and 4, for goat and sheep cheese in patients 2 and 3, and for sheep cheese in patient 5. The specific IgE test was positive in patients 1, 3 and 4 for goat and sheep cheese, and negative in patients 2 and 5. Serum 3 and 4 clearly recognised goat and sheep cheese extracts. Goat casein was almost completely inhibited with sheep casein and partially inhibited with goat and sheep serum proteins, while there was no inhibition with cow cheese. Sheep casein was totally inhibited with sheep serum proteins. Sheep casein was inhibited with goat and cow caseins, suggesting cross-reactivity among the three types of cheese. CONCLUSIONS: We showed sensitisation to goat and sheep cheese in two patients, and only to sheep cheese in another two of the studied patients.

Combined influence of healthy diet and active lifestyle on cardiovascular disease risk factors in adolescents.
Cuenca-Garca M, Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, Gonzlez-Gross M, Labayen I, Jago R, MartnezGmez D, Dallongeville J, Bel-Serrat S, Marcos A, Manios Y, Breidenassel C, Widhalm K, Gottrand F, Ferrari M, Kafatos A, Molnr D, Moreno LA, De Henauw S, Castillo MJ, Sjstrm M; HELENA study group.

Source
Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Institute of Karolinska, Huddinge, Sweden.

Abstract
To investigate the combined influence of diet quality and physical activity on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in adolescents, adolescents (n=1513; 12.5-17.5 years) participating in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study were studied. Dietary intake was registered using a 24-h recall and a diet quality index was calculated. Physical activity was assessed by accelerometry. Lifestyle groups were computed as: healthy diet and active, unhealthy diet but active, healthy diet but inactive, and unhealthy diet and inactive. CVD risk factor measurements included cardiorespiratory fitness, adiposity indicators, blood lipid profile, blood pressure, and insulin resistance. A CVD risk score was computed. The healthy diet and active group had a healthier cardiorespiratory profile, fat mass index (FMI), triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C ratio (all P0.05). Overall, active adolescents showed higher cardiorespiratory fitness, lower FMI, TC/HDL-C ratio, and homeostasis model assessment index and healthier blood pressure than their inactive peers with either healthy or unhealthy diet (all P0.05). Healthy diet and active group had healthier CVD risk score compared with the inactive groups (all P0.02). Thus, a combination of healthy diet and active lifestyle is associated with decreased CVD risk in adolescents. Moreover, an active lifestyle may reduce the adverse consequences of an unhealthy diet.

Gender and age influence blood folate, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and homocysteine levels in European adolescents: the Helena Study.
Gonzlez-Gross M, Benser J, Breidenassel C, Albers U, Huybrechts I, Valtuea J, Spinneker A, Segoviano M, Widhalm K, Molnar D, Moreno LA, Stehle P, Pietrzik K; HELENA Study group.

Source
Department of Health and Human Performance, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Fsica y del Deporte-INEF, Universidad Politcnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. marcela.gonzalez.gross@upm.es

Abstract
It is important to be able to evaluate vitamin status correctly at any age, but this is especially vital during adolescence since there are higher requirements for healthy growth and development. However, there are no currently available B-vitamin reference values for healthy adolescents. The aim of the present study is to assess the vitamin B status in European adolescents in order to contribute to the development of reference values for selected Bvitamins and total homocysteine (tHcy). Within the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) cross-sectional study, a sub sample of 1051 (499 males, 552 females) adolescents from ten European cities aged 12.5 to 17.49 were analyzed for fasting plasma folate (PF), red blood cell (RBC) folate, serum cobalamin (Cbl), holo-transcobalamin (Holo-TC),

Vitamin B(6) (PLP), and tHcy. The level of significance was set at P < .05. Following the current cut-off for adults, 2% had low Cbl and 5% had low holo-TC concentrations. Low concentrations of both PF and RBC folate were identified in 10%. Five percent had PLP concentrations <20 nmol/L and 20% <30 nmol/L. Moreover, 5% had high tHcy; median values for the whole sample were: PF 16.0 nmol/L, RBC folate 721.9 nmol/L, Cbl 319 pmol/L, Holo-TC 57.8 pmol/L, and tHcy 6.7 mol/L. Females had significantly higher median Cbl but lower PLP and tHcy concentrations (P < .01). THcy increased (P < .001) and PF (P < .001) concentrations decreased across age categories. Subjects showed significantly higher tHcy values at the fifth percentile of PF, corresponding with 7.5 nmol/L. Sex and age had an influence on most of the studied biomarkers and should be taken into account. The HELENA percentile distribution is consistent with data from smaller studies and could be used as reference value to characterize B-vitamin status of European adolescents. Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Muscular strength in male adolescents and premature death: cohort study of one million participants.
Ortega FB, Silventoinen K, Tynelius P, Rasmussen F.

Source
Department of Physical Education and Sport, School of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To explore the extent to which muscular strength in adolescence is associated with all cause and cause specific premature mortality (<55 years). DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: 1,142,599 Swedish male adolescents aged 16-19 years were followed over a period of 24 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Baseline examinations included knee extension, handgrip, and elbow flexion strength tests, as well as measures of diastolic and systolic blood pressure and body mass index. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios for mortality according to muscular strength categories (tenths). RESULTS: During a median follow-up period of 24 years, 26,145 participants died. Suicide was a more frequent cause of death in young adulthood (22.3%) than was cardiovascular diseases (7.8%) or cancer (14.9%). High muscular strength in adolescence, as assessed by knee extension and handgrip tests, was associated with a 20-35% lower risk of premature mortality due to any cause or cardiovascular disease, independently of body mass index or blood pressure; no association was observed with mortality due to cancer. Stronger adolescents had a 20-30% lower risk of death from suicide and were 15-65% less likely to have any psychiatric diagnosis (such as schizophrenia and mood disorders). Adolescents in the lowest tenth of muscular strength showed by far the highest risk of mortality for different causes. All cause mortality rates (per 100,000 person years) ranged between 122.3 and 86.9 for the weakest and strongest adolescents; corresponding figures were 9.5 and 5.6 for mortality due to cardiovascular diseases and 24.6 and 16.9 for mortality due to suicide. CONCLUSIONS: Low muscular strength in adolescents is an emerging risk factor for major causes of death in young adulthood, such as suicide and cardiovascular diseases. The effect size

observed for all cause mortality was equivalent to that for well established risk factors such as elevated body mass index or blood pressure.

Longitudinal cardiorespiratory fitness algorithms for clinical settings.

Jackson AS, Sui X, O'Connor DP, Church TS, Lee DC, Artero EG, Blair SN.

Source
Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 772046015, USA. udde@mac.com

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Non-exercise algorithms are cost-effective methods to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in healthcare settings. The limitation of current non-exercise models is that they were developed with cross-sectional data. PURPOSE: To extend the non-exercise research by developing algorithms for men and women using longitudinal data on indicators available in healthcare settings. METHODS: The sample included 1325 women (aged 20-78 years) and 10,040 men (aged 20-86 years) who completed two to 21 maximal treadmill tests between 1977 and 2005. The data were analyzed in 2011 and 2012. The dependent variable was CRF measured by treadmill test. The independent variables were age; body composition (percentage fat or BMI); waist circumference; self-reported physical activity; resting heart rate; and smoking behavior. RESULTS: Linear mixed-models regression showed that all variables were independently related to CRF. There was a positive association between CRF and physical activity. Higher levels of body composition were linked to lower CRF. High resting heart rate and smoking resulted in lower estimates of CRF. The error estimates of the percentage fat algorithms were as follows: women, 1.41 METs (95% CI=1.35, 1.47); and men, METs 1.54 (95% CI=1.51, 1.55). The BMI models were somewhat less accurate: women, METs 1.51 (95% CI=1.45, 1.58); and men, 1.66 METs (95% CI=1.63, 1.68). CONCLUSIONS: These results showed that the CRF of women and men can be estimated from easily obtained health indicators. The longitudinal non-exercise algorithms provide models to accurately estimate CRF changes associated with aging and provide cost-effective algorithms to track CRF over time with health indicators available in healthcare settings. Copyright 2012 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Ideal cardiovascular health and mortality: Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study.

Artero EG, Espaa-Romero V, Lee DC, Sui X, Church TS, Lavie CJ, Blair SN.

Source
Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA. artero@ual.es

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship of ideal cardiovascular health to disease-specific death. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We used data from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study from October 9, 1987, to March 3, 1999, to estimate the prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health in 11,993 individuals (24.3% women) and to examine its relationship with deaths from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 11.6 years, 305 deaths occurred: 70 (23.0%) from CVD and 127 (41.6%) from cancer. In the entire cohort, only 29 individuals (0.2%) had 7 ideal metrics. After adjusting for age, sex, examination year, alcohol intake, and parental history of CVD, risk of

death due to CVD was 55% lower in those participants who met 3 or 4 ideal metrics (hazard ratio, 0.45; 95% confidence interval, 0.27-0.77) and 63% lower in those with 5 to 7 ideal metrics (hazard ratio, 0.37; 95% confidence interval, 0.15-0.95), compared with those who met 0 to 2 ideal metrics. Although not significant, there was also a trend toward lower risk of death due to all causes across incremental numbers of ideal metrics. No association was observed for deaths due to cancer. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health was extremely low in a middle-aged cohort of men and women recruited between 1987 and 1999. The American Heart Association construct reflects well the subsequent risk of CVD, as reflected by graded CVD mortality in relation to the number of ideal metrics. Copyright 2012 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. http://www.ugr.es/~cts262/ES/articulos.html

Comparison of discriminative indices for iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia trait in a Brazilian population.
Matos JF, Dusse LM, Stubbert RV, Ferreira MR, Coura-Vital W, Fernandes AP, de Faria JR, Borges KB, Carvalho MD, Ramos AL.

Abstract
To discriminate iron deficiency anemia (IDA) from thalassemia trait (TT), several indices obtained from modern blood count analyzers have been reported. Discrimination power of seven indices to differentiate between IDA and TT, such as Green and King Index (GKI), RDW Index (RDWI), Srivastava Index (SRI), Mentzer Index (MI), Shine and Lal Index (SLI), Ehsani Index (EI), and Sirdah Index (SI), were evaluated. These indices were applied on 47 patients with TT and on 289 patients with IDA, as confirmed by gold standard tests. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, efficiency, area under receiver-operating characteristics curve (AUC), and Youden's Index (YI) were calculated. GKI and RDWI showed the highest reliability, as they had the largest AUCs (0.919, 0.912, respectively) and Youden's Index (70.4, 74.6, respectively). Conversely, SLI presented a less satisfactory performance (AUC = 0.786 and YI = 6.6). Data taken together suggest the superiority of GKI and RDWI to discriminate between IDA and TT.