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SQL
Objetivos
Criar, manter e usar seqncias; Criar e manter ndices; Criar sinnimos privados e pblicos.
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Gera nmeros exclusivos automaticamente; Pode ser compartilhada; Geralmente usada para criar um valor de chave primria; Acelera a eficcia do acesso a valores de seqncia
quando esto no cache na memria.
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CREATE CREATE SEQUENCE SEQUENCE sequncia sequncia [INCREMENT ] [INCREMENT BY BY n n ] [START ] [START WITH WITH n n ] [{MAXVALUE [{MAXVALUE n n| | NOMAXVALUE}] NOMAXVALUE}] [{MINVALUE [{MINVALUE n n| | NOMINVALUE}] NOMINVALUE}] [{CYCLE [{CYCLE | | NOCYCLE}] NOCYCLE}] [{CACHE [{CACHE n n| | NOCACHE}]; NOCACHE}];
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CREATE CREATE SEQUENCE SEQUENCE dept_deptid_seq dept_deptid_seq INCREMENT INCREMENT BY BY 10 10 START START WITH WITH 120 120 MAXVALUE MAXVALUE 9999 9999 NOCACHE NOCACHE NOCYCLE; NOCYCLE; Sequence Sequence created. created.
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Confirmando Seqncias
sequence_name, sequence_name, min_value, min_value, max_value, max_value, increment_by, increment_by, last_number last_number user_sequences; user_sequences;
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NEXTVAL retorna o prximo valor de seqncia disponvel; CURRVAL obtm o valor de seqncia atual;
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INSERT INSERT INTO INTO departments(department_id, departments(department_id, department_name, department_name, location_id) location_id) VALUES (dept_deptid_seq.NEXTVAL, VALUES (dept_deptid_seq.NEXTVAL, 'Support', 'Support', 2500); 2500); 1 1 row row created. created.
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ALTER ALTER SEQUENCE SEQUENCE dept_deptid_seq dept_deptid_seq INCREMENT INCREMENT BY BY 20 20 MAXVALUE MAXVALUE 999999 999999 NOCACHE NOCACHE NOCYCLE; NOCYCLE; Sequence Sequence altered. altered.
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DROP DROP SEQUENCE SEQUENCE dept_deptid_seq; dept_deptid_seq; Sequence Sequence dropped. dropped.
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O que um ndice?
um objeto de esquema; Acelera a recuperao de linhas usando um ponteiro; Pode reduzir a E/S do disco usando um mtodo de acesso rpido a caminhos; independente da tabela que indexa; usado e mantido automaticamente pelo servidor.
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Automaticamente;
Manualmente;
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Criando um ndice
CREATE CREATE INDEX INDEX ndice ndice ON coluna [, ]...); ON tabela tabela ( ( coluna [, coluna coluna ]...);
CREATE CREATE INDEX INDEX emp_last_name_idx emp_last_name_idx ON employees(last_name); ON employees(last_name); Index Index created. created.
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Confirmando ndices
Consulte a view de dicionrio de dados USER_INDEXES que contm o nome do ndice e sua exclusividade; Consulte a view USER_IND_COLUMNS que contm os nomes do ndice, da tabela e da coluna.
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Removendo um ndice
DROP DROP INDEX INDEX upper_last_name_idx; upper_last_name_idx; Index Index dropped. dropped.
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Sinnimos
Simplifica o acesso aos objetos; Permite referir-se facilmente a uma tabela de propriedade de outro usurio
[PUBLIC] [PUBLIC] SYNONYM SYNONYM sinnimo sinnimo objeto ; objeto ;
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CREATE CREATE SYNONYM SYNONYM d_sum d_sum FOR FOR dept_sum_vu; dept_sum_vu; Synonym Synonym Created. Created.
Elimine um sinnimo.
DROP DROP SYNONYM SYNONYM d_sum; d_sum; Synonym Synonym dropped. dropped.
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