RICE BRAN IN EGYPT

Opening Doors for New Industries By Dr. Amr M. Helal MD, Kaha for Projects
Diamonds are buried and ignored in deserts and mountains for thousands of years till picked up, polished and then glow forever... Egyptian Rice bran could be that diamond Egypt is the largest rice producer in the Near East region, cultivating rice on about 600.000 ha, mainly in the Nile delta region. Yields are among the highest in the world (9.1 tones per ha in 2001), making Egypt a major rice exporter. Hence, in Egypt in the year 2004 over 800.00 tones of rice bran accumulated during the pearling and the polishing process of rice, where the bran is partially used as livestock and poultry feed as well as for cosmetic purposes. In addition, rice bran is utilized for vitamin B extraction. Most of the rice bran, however, is still discarded, despite its high content of bioactive substances, making it a promising rice milling by-product for improving human health. WHAT IS RICE BRAN!!!! Rice symbolizes life's abundance and good luck throughout the world. Many ceremonies and feasts surround its cultivation and harvest. For thousands of years it has, and continues to be the largest source of human nutrition on the planet. Many of the mysteries surrounding its nutritional strength, the bran and germ, are just now coming to light. Some call the thin brown coating between the rice kernel and the protective hull the nutritional essence of man kind's greatest nutritional needs. It is here where an untold wealth of vitamins, minerals and newly discovered disease fighting antioxidants are found. During the milling process and within hours after separation from the kernel, the bran begins to turn rancid and unfit to eat, making it impossible to package and distribute. Because the outer layer contains an enzyme called lipase which causes the rice to become rancid within hours after harvesting, the bran has always been removed and discarded. Efforts to prolong the life-sustaining power of the rice bran were fruitless. For the past 50 years, every major rice growing country in the world has searched for a way to stabilize the bran, but without success

STABILIZED RICE BRAN

For centuries civilizations have tried to preserve the rich nourishment by boiling the bran, only to see the nutritional quality diminish, especially the important B vitamins. More recently, limited success has been obtained by adding modern chemicals to stop the enzymes that cause the rancidity. The stabilization is accomplished without the use of chemicals or any additives. This special processing of rice concentrates has combined extracts and stabilized fractions to deliver the ultimate nutritional complex. The rice bran has been transformed into one of the most valuable food resources ever discovered. In fact, it is believed that Stabilized Rice Bran is the most bioavailable whole food on earth. (This is the subject of the project and the mill stone of all industries coming out of it) WHY STABILIZED RICE BRAN Stabilized Rice Bran is one of the most potent sources of phytochemicals of any food. It contains all of the vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients needed to help fight disease, aging and to help promote health. According to research and clinical studies conducted at the University of Wisconsin, it contains compounds which dramatically reduce harmful cholesterol levels (LDL), while increasing the good cholesterol (HDL) required for a healthy coronary artery system. Certain antioxidants that are present in Stabilized Rice Bran have been documented to support the slowing of the aging process and to battle free radicals that are linked to degenerative conditions. Antioxidant supplements work by boosting the immune system to help fight off free radical damage. Free radical damage is caused by oxidation with the cells; antioxidants neutralize the damage of oxidation. For example, the power of tocopherols has a positive effect on cholesterol levels. These antioxidants boost the bodys ability to regenerate it self while bolstering its energy and stamina. Their ability to help regulate blood sugar levels may prove helpful to diabetics and others who suffer from hypoglycemia.

Bran other than Rice Bran

Rice bran is superior than other bran from wheat, corn and oat. It is really a mine of resources. The following table is self explanatory

Bran Comparison Table Comparison of phytonutrients and antioxidants found in Commercial Stabilized Rice Bran with those of corn bran, oat bran, and wheat bran. Nutrients (Values/100g) Stabilized Rice Corn Bran Oat Bran Bran Wheat Bran

Calories 330.00 129.00 345.00 102.00 Moisture (g) 6.00 8.88 8.98 12.20 Protein (g) *14.50 6.50 17.06 14.31 Ash (g) 8.50 2.17 3.08 5.17 Total Carbohydrates (g) 51.00 80.78 63.98 64.14 Total Fat (g) 2.02 1.33 3.78 20.50 Saturated Fat (%) 3.70 0.32 1.33 0.77 Total Dietary Fiber (g) 29.00 70.27 10.60 42.52 Soluble Fiber (g) 4.00 10.93 4.97 3.11 Vitamin A, (IU) 0.00 24.75 12.37 0.00 Vitamin C, (mg) 0.00 0.00 4.29 0.00 Vitamin E, Tocols (mg) 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.61 Vitamin B Complex Thiamin (mg) 0.1 .97 0.55 2.65 Niacin (mg) 2.18 1.60 16.49 46.87 Riboflavin (mg) 0.28 0.43 0.32 0.49 Pantothenic Acid (mg) 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.98 Vitamin B6 (mg) 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.17 Total Sugars (g) **8.00 0.50 1.96 2.50 Gamma Ozyzanol (mg) 0.00 0.00 0.00 245.15 ND ND ND Phytosterols (mg) 302.00 Potassium (mg) 236.75 655.35 1010.42 1073.00 Sodium (mg) 8.00 11.43 8.42 7.50 Magnesium (mg) 0.00 0.0 0.0 727.00 Calcium (mg) 40.00 13.33 69.58 108.75 Iron (mg) 7.70 1.70 5.29 10.29 Manganese (mg) 10.60 ND ND ND Phosphorous ND ND ND 1591.00 Inositol (mg) ND ND ND 1496.00 Zinc (mg) 5.50 ND ND ND Hypoallergenic Protein ** No Lactose ND: Not Determined Bold Letters indicate some unique antioxidants and some in high concentrations.

Antioxidants and Rice Bran Antioxidant List Antioxidants are essential for maintaining good health. Natural antioxidants seldom work by themselves, but are very effective as part of an antioxidant system in which there is synergistic action. Some rice bran commercial (unique company) products contain a rich cocktail of unique antioxidants that work individually through different mechanisms and elicit a significant effect in the biological system. There are over 100 antioxidants identified in their rice bran products, as shown in the list below. The quantities reported are in ppm (parts per million). Antioxidant Quantities in Parts Per Million: Tocopherols and Tocotrienols (220Gamma Oryzanol (2200-3000ppm) 320ppm) Gamma Oryzanol is not a single component. It is a mixture of 20 components having different antioxidant properties. Cycloartenol trans-ferulate Cycloartenol cis-ferulate Cycloartanol trans-ferulate Cycloartanol cis-ferulate Cycloeucalenol trans-ferulate Cycloeucalenol cis-ferulate 24-Methylenecycloartanol transferulate 24-Methylenecycloartanol cisferulate 24-Methylcholesterol trans-ferulate 24-Methylcholesterol cis-ferulate -Sitosterol trans-ferulate -Sitosterol cis-ferulate -Sitostenol trans-ferulate -Sitostenol cis-ferulate Stigmasterol trans-ferulate Stigmasterol cis-ferulate Enzymes Glutathione peroxidase Methionine reductase Superoxide dismutase Tocopherols and tocotrienols belong to the same chemical group but exist in 10 different isomeric forms having different antioxidant properties. -Tocopherol -Tocopherol -Tocopherol -Tocopherol -Tocopherol -Tocopherol -Tocopherol -Tocopherol Desmethyl-tocotrienol Didesmethyl tocotrienol

 Stigmastenol trans-ferulate Stigmastenol cis-ferulate Campesterol trans-ferulate Campesterol cis-ferulate Phytosterols (2230-4400ppm) (21 Components) -Sitosterol Campesterol Stigmasterol Sitostenol -Avinasterol -Stigmastenol Sterol glucoside Acylsterol glucoside Oligoglycosylsterol Monoglycosylsterol Cellotetraosylsitosterol Methylsterol Dimethylsterol Gramisterol Isofucosterol Obtusifoliol Branosterol 28-Homotyphasterol 28-Homosteasteronic acids 6-Deoxycastasterone -Amyrin Polyphenols Ferulic acid -Lipoic acid Methyl ferulate -Coumaric acid

Polyphenol oxidase Catalase Coenzyme Q10 Aspartate amino transferase isozyme AAT-1 & AAT-2 Polysaccharides Cycloartenol-ferulic acid glycoside Diferulic acid complex Diferulic acid-calcium omplex Hemicelluloses Arabinogalactan Arabinoxylan Xyloglucan Proteoglycan Glycoprotein Arabinofuranoside Phospholipids Phosphatidylserine PhosphatidylCholine Phosphatidylethanolamine Lysophophatidylcholine Lysophosphatidylethanolamine Amino Acids Tryptophan (2100) Histidine (3800) Methionine (2500) Cystein (336-448) Cystine (336-448) Arginine (10800)

B-Vitamins -Sinapic acid Isovitexin Proanthocyanidins Metal Chelators Magnesium (6250-8440) Calcium (303-500) Phosphorous (14700-17000) Carotenoids (0.9-1.6ppm) -Carotene -Carotene Lycopene Lutein Zeaxanthine Thiamin (22-31) Riboflavin (2.5-3.5) Niacin (370-660) Pantothenic acid (36-50) Pyridoxine (29-42) Betaine Dimethyl glycine Inositol (12000-18,800) Biotin (0.1-2.2) Choline (930-1150) Folic acid (0.20-0.30) Phytates (1500-1750)

Health and Rice Bran

Rice bran oil and its main components (unsaturated fatty acids, triterpene alcohols, phytosterols, tocotrienols, -tocopherol) have demonstrated an ability to improve the plasma lipid pattern of rodents, rabbits, non-human primates and humans, reducing total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentration and increasing the high density lipoprotein cholesterol level. Other potential properties of rice bran oil and -oryzanol studied both in vitro and in animal models, include modulation of pituitary secretion, inhibition of gastric acid secretion, antioxidant action and inhibition of platelet aggregation. For decades it has already been known that rice bran contains most of the micronutrient, vitamin and bioactive mentioned above. For most of these constituents, especially the bioactives, health-beneficial effects have been described and some of the constituents are almost exclusively found in high amounts in rice bran (2-5). Diets rich in plant bioactives exert favorable effects on certain health parameters, such as a the antioxidant status, blood pressure or regulation of cell proliferation, all tightly linked to the prevention / occurrence of aging-related degenerative diseases (6-9). Recent reviews strongly suggest that rice bran bioactives have the potential to lower blood cholesterol levels, to increase an individuals antioxidant status, to suppress inflammation, to normalize blood glucose levels and to attenuate neuro-degenerative events (10-13).

Overview on in vitro and in vivo effects of key rice bran constituents (CVD = Cardiovascular disease; T2DM, Type 2 Diabetes mellitus; Neuro-Damage, neurological disorders and neurodegeneration).

Rice bran and cancer

Due to the fact that rice bran contains one of the most effective chelating agents which is IP6 ( inositol hexaphosphate also called phytic acid), which is found in every

cell of the human body, it is one molecule of inositol and six of phosphate and is found naturally in whole grains (bran), seeds and nuts. IP6 selectively chelate with great amounts iron found in cancerous cells thus preventing its rapid growth due to the decrease in the iron content needed by the cancerous cells without affecting the body's natural content of iron. In the case of IP6's anticancer activity IP6 and its dephosphorylated products decrease the amount of inisitol in the body which is primarily needed for the growth of cancerous cells. It has been found, moreover, that IP6 competes with the insulin Growth Factor receptors (IGF-II), and as a result it has been demonstrated that its gene over expression gives rise to different tumor lines. IGF receptors, in any event, have been found to be important in initiating cellular hyperplasia

EGYPT and Rice Bran

Total Rice Cultivated area in Egypt is about 1.6 Million Fedan (Fedan with average of 4.2 Ton Rice per Fadden. The Annual production is about 6,720,000 Ton annually and Rice bran is about 1,008,000 Tons annually (of which 5 % approximately aleuron and the other is Bran). This opens the doors for the followings 1- Stabilized Rice Bran to be marketed in the region and Eu as a healthy food. 2- Stabilized Rice Bran Extract as a very important and worldwide recognized as a Neutraceuticals 3- Stabilized Rice Bran Extract as a Natural ingredient for many food industries (brad, biscuit, yogurt ...Etc). 4- Rice bran oil, from Stabilized Rice Bran to be marketed as it is as a high value edible oil as well as element in many cosmetic industries.

KEAP and Rice Bran

Kaha for Environmental and Agricultural Projects S.A.E (KEAP) is one of the leading Egyptian firms in the field of Rice By-products Managements. Our early project was to convert rice straw into organic fertilizer (compost) and we won the Green Apple Award from England as the GOLD Winner of Africa as the Best Environmental Project 2005. KEAP is involved in research program with highly reputable partners to develop Stabilized Egyptian Rice Bran and studying its pharmacological effects. Project Partners 1.1 GERMANY: Center of Competence at Frankfurt is Main University of Frankfurt Principal Investigator: Prof. Dr. Walter E. Mller Partner 1 Director Institute of Pharmacology (ZAFES)

Biocenter Niederursel Max-von-Laue-Strasse 960438 Frankfurt AM Main Phone: 0049 (0)69 798 29373 Fax: 0049 (0)69 798 29374 Email: pharmacolnat@em.uni-frankfurt.de 1.2 EGYPT: Center of Competence at Cairo German University in Cairo (GUC) Principal Investigator: Prof. Dr. Mohamed T. Khayyal Partner 2 Email: mtkhayyal@gmail.com On-site Business Partner: Dr. Amr Helal Partner 3 Managing Director Kaha for Environmental and Agricultural Projects (KEAP) Email : international@menanet.net KEAP management has the honor to discuss the subject with different research institutes as well as IMC, Industry Modernization Committee, R&D Department. The role of KEAP is shown in the chart hereunder. There will be four separate, though overlapping, projects that need to be finalized within the coming three years. This will run in parallel with KEAP program with the German partners. These projects can be titled as follows: 1- Established a technique to stabilize rice bran on the Industrial scale without the use of any neither chemicals nor enzymes, yet keeping the high values of the rice bran. 2- Pyhtochemical study of the different Rice bran from different varieties and different climatic conditions. The project should report The different constituents (ones of pharmacological importance) from different stabilized rice bran extracts. Method of analysis of these constituents. Establishing the best technique on the industrial scale for oil extraction and studying the de-oiled rice bran and reporting its nutritional analysis (Proteins, carbohydrates ...Etc). 3- Implementation of the different rice bran products in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Rice bran products include stabilized rice bran, stabilized rice bran extract, Stabilized rice bran Oil, De- oiled rice bran. 4- Factors affecting the quality and quantity of rice bran constituents. This should indicate the best Rice variety, climatic conditions, fertilizers types and quantities.