International Journal of Civil Engineering and (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OFTechnology CIVIL ENGINEERING AND

D (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013), IAEME TECHNOLOGY (IJCIET)
ISSN 0976 6308 (Print) ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013), pp. 89-95 IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp Journal Impact Factor (2013): 5.3277 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com

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EFFECT OF COARSE AGGREGATE CHARACTERISTICS ON STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE USING MINERAL AND CHEMICAL ADMIXTURES

P.J.Patel1, Mukesh A. Patel2, Dr. H.S. Patel3

Research Scholar, Ganpat University, Kherava, Mehsana, Gujarat, India Research Scholar, Ganpat University, Kherava, Mehsana, Gujarat, India 3 Associate Professor, Department of Applied Mechanics, L.D.C.E., Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
2 1

ABSTRACT Aggregate shape and grading can influence concrete workability. The volumes of water and cementations materials are commonly increased to accommodate poorly shaped or poorly graded aggregates. The purpose of this paper is to show that by properly selecting aggregates and optimizing mixture proportions, the quantity of cementations materials provided for workability can be minimized while achieving adequate workability and hardened properties. In this research investigation of strength properties of high Performance concrete is done by using diverse characteristics of aggregate. This paper presents results obtained from laboratory testing of concrete incorporating varying aggregate characteristics. For the purpose of this work, two types of coarse aggregates were used. The fine aggregate is normal sand obtained from a locally available Preliminary laboratory investigation was conducted to ascertain the suitability of using the aggregates for construction work. Tests conducted include sieve analysis, bulk density, and specific gravity. IS mix design was adopted for this work and mix compositions were calculated by absolute volume method. For each type of coarse aggregate 25 numbers cubes (150x150x150mm) were cast to allow the compressive strength to be monitored at. 56 days. Test result show that concrete made from A type aggregate has higher compressive strength Keywords: Compressive strength, effect of Aggregate, Concrete, Alccofine.

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013), IAEME I. INTRODUCTION

Aggregate shape and grading can significantly influence concrete workability. Poorly shaped and poorly graded aggregates typically have a lower packing density than well shaped and well graded aggregates, resulting in more paste being required to fill the voids between aggregates. As the excess paste volume needed to fill the voids is reduced, the flowability of the paste must be increased to maintain a given workability level. Further, poorly shaped aggregates exhibit increased inter particle friction, resulting in reduced workability. Therefore, concrete mixtures with poorly shaped and poorly graded aggregates often have higher water and cementations materials requirements than those with well shaped and well graded aggregates to maintain the same workability. The proper selection of aggregates can minimize the increased water and cementations materials contents needed to ensure adequate workability. The compressive strength of concrete depends on the water to cement ratio, degree of compaction, ratio of cement to aggregate, bond between mortar and aggregate, and grading, shape, strength and size of the aggregate. Concrete can be visualized as a multi-phase composite material made up of three phases; namely the mortar, mortar/aggregate interface, and the coarse aggregate phase. The coarse aggregate in normal concrete are mainly from rock fragments characterised by high strength. Therefore, the aggregate interface is not a limiting factor governing the strength requirement. The onset of failure is manifested by crack growth in the concrete. For normal concrete the crack growth is mainly around the cement paste or at the aggregate/cement paste interfacial zone. The strength of concrete at the interfacial zone essentially depends on the integrity of the cement paste and the nature of the coarse aggregate. The effect of two different types of coarse aggregate coarse aggregate on the mechanical properties of high-performance concrete was investigated. The outcome of the study revealed that the strength, stiffness, and fracture energy of concrete for a given water/cement ratio depend on the type of aggregate The effects of content and particle size distribution of coarse aggregate on the compressive strength of concrete have been investigated (Meddah et. al., 2010). Compressive strength, stiffness, and fracture energy of concrete for a given water/cement ratio (W/C) depend on the type of aggregate, especially for high-strength concrete. It is suggested that high-strength concrete with lower brittleness can be made by selecting high-strength aggregate with low brittleness (Wu Ke Ru et. al., 2001). The type of coarse aggregate also influences the modulus of elasticity of concrete. Weaker aggregates tend to produce a more ductile concrete than stronger aggregates do (Beshr et. al., 2003). Three types of coarse aggregates were mixed in four different proportions for concrete production. Plasticizers and Super plasticizers were used in some mixes to reduce the water to cement ratio. The outcome of their work showed that the mixture with a ternary combination of granular fraction with a maximum size of 25mm, without admixtures have shown the highest compressive strength. At a lower water to cement ratio, the binary granular system produced the highest compressive strength. This paper reports the result of a research undertaken to investigate the effect of two different types of coarse aggregate on the compressive strength of normal concrete.

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013), IAEME II. II.I MATERIALS Cement

Ordinary Portland cement-53 grade ( Ambuja Cement) available in local market was used in investigation. The cement was tested according to IS 4031 : 1988. It confirmed to IS 12269 : 1987. Its Properties is given in Table 1. Table 1. Properties of OPC - 53 Grade Used SR. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Properties Specific gravity Normal consistency Initial setting time Final setting time Fineness (%passing 90 IS sieve) Soundness (mm) Compressive strength Value 3.10 31% 36 450 3% 1.2 39 40 57 As per IS: 12269-1976 3.15 30% - 35% >30 <600 <10% <10 >27 >37 >53

3 day 7 day 28 day

II.II

Coarse Aggregate

Two types of coarse aggregates from two different sources were used. Its Sieve analysis is given in Figure 1. And Figure 2.and Its Properties is given in Table 2.

Figure 1. Sieve analysis for A type Coarse aggregate.

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013), IAEME

Figure 2. Sieve analysis for B type Coarse aggregate. II.III Fine Aggregate

Natural sand as per IS: 383-1987 was used. Locally available River sand having bulk density 1860 kg/m3 was used The properties of fine aggregate are shown in Table 2. Table 2. Physical properties of aggregates Aggregate type Dry density (kg/m3) 1727 1605 2.67 (F.M.) specific gravity 2.9 2.85 2.6 Surface Moisture (%) 0 0.3 0.5 Water Absorption (%) 2.19 3.15 0.8 Loss on abrasion (%) 22.8 30.40 --

A Type Coarse. B Type Coarse. Sand II.IV Alccofine

ALCCOFINE 1203 is a specially processed product based on slag of high glass content with high reactivity obtained through the process of controlled granulation. ALCCOFINE 1203 use in project conforming to ASTM C989-99. Physical & Chemical Properties of Alccofine is given in Table 3. Table 3. Physical & Chemical Properties of Alccofine Fineness (cm2/gm) >12000 C aO 61-64% Specifi c Gravity 2.9 SO3 2-2.4 % Bulk Density (Kg/m3) Particle Size Distribution d50 5 micron Fe2O3 3.8-4.4 % d90 9 micron MgO 0.8-1.4 %

d10 700-900 1.5 micron Chemical Properties: SiO2 AL2O3 21-23 % 5-5.6 %
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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013), IAEME II.V Super plasticizer

In this investigation super plasticizer- GLENIUM SKY 784 is based on second generation polycarboxylic ether polymers, developed using Nano technology. Chemical Admixture GLENIUM SKY 784 is conforming to IS:9103-1999. was used to improve the workability of concrete. The properties of super plasticizer are shown in Table 4. Table 4. Properties of super plasticizer Parameter Physical state Chemical name of active ingredient Relative density at 25 c ph Chloride ion content (%) Dry material content III. EXPERIMENT WORK Specification (as per IS 9103) Light brown liquid Polycarboxylate polymers 1.10.01 Min 6 Max 0.2 345(%) Results Light brown liquid Polycarboxylate Polymers 1.105 6.51 0.0017 34.14

Concrete cubes of 150 X 150 X 150 mm dimension were cast for compressive strength. They were tested for compressive strength after 56 days of water curing. For This, five specimens were tested and the mean value of these measurements is reported. Coarse aggregate contain 10 mm and 20 mm of 40% and 60% Respectively. Table 5: Mix proportions for different mixes (For one cubic meter of concrete) W/B Cement Mix (Kg) designation ratio M1 Type A Coarse Aggregate M2 M3 M4 M5 M1 Type B Coarse Aggregate M2 M3 M4 M5 0.28 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.50 0.28 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.50 406.71 379.6 327.45 286.52 279.59 406.71 379.6 327.45 286.52 279.59 FlyAsh (Kg) 111.42 104 89.71 78.5 76.6 111.42 104 89.71 78.5 76.6 Alccofine (Kg) 39 36.4 31.4 27.47 26.81 39 36.4 31.4 27.47 26.81 Coarse Sand Water Aggregate (Kg) (litres) (Kg) 1174 1188 1208 1230 1252 1182 1193 1203 1225 1247 632 661 721 781 841 641 667 736 792 852 156 156 157 157 191.5 156 156 157 157 191.5

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013), IAEME IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The results of compressive strength were presented in Table 6. The test was carried out conforming to IS 516-1959 1959 to obtain compressive strength of concrete at the age of 56 days. The cubes were tested using Compression Testing Machine (CTM) of capacity 2000KN. Strength is up to 28.62 28.62 N/mm2 and 62.50 N/mm2 at 56 days. The maximum compressive strength is observed In the Type A Coarse Aggregate. There is a significant improvement in the compressive strength of concrete because of the Physical properties of Type A Coarse Aggregate and Compatibility. Table 6: Compressive Strength (N/mm2) of Concrete Mixes W/B ratio 0.28 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.50 Type A Coarse Aggregate 62.50 54.68 49.70 44.56 32.58 Type B Coarse Aggregate 55.28 50.33 46.30 42.26 28.62

Table 7: Slump Value and Slump Flow Slump height in mm Type A Type B Coarse Coarse Aggregate Aggregate 90 85 100 95 Slump flow in diameter. Type A Type B Coarse Coarse Aggregate Aggregate 580 577 610 600 650 630 -

W/B ratio 0.28 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.50

Compressive strength (MPa)

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Type A Corse Aggregate

62.5 55.28 54.68 50.33

Type B Corse Aggregate

49.7 46.3 44.56 42.26 32.58 28.62

0.5

0.4

0.35 0.3 Water-Binder ratio

0.28

Fig.4: Effect of Aggregate Ag on compressive strength

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013), IAEME V. CONCLUSIONS

The results of the research presented in this paper confirm that aggregates can play an important role in the cement content of concrete mixtures. Specifically, the following conclusions can be reached: a) Aggregate type has effect on the compressive strength of normal concrete. b) Highest compressive strength was achieved in Type A Coarse Aggregate compare to type B Coarse Aggregate. From the above investigation, it can be concluded that, Poor Graded And Light weight and Pours Aggregate give Poor compressive strength. VI. REFERENCES [1]. M. S. Shetty, concrete technology, S. Chand publication company ltd., new delhi, 2008, [2]. Abdullahi. M, effect of aggregate type on compressive strength of concrete, international journal of civil and structural engineering volume 2, no 3, 2012. [3]. M r vyawahare,p o modani improvement in workability and strength of concrete with flaky and elongated aggregates 34th conference on our world in concrete & structures: 16 - 18 august 2009, singapore [4]. Michael de moya hahn, marc rached, david w. Fowler, eric p. Koehler optimization of aggregates in concrete mixtures [5]. M. Yaqub*, imran bukhari, effect of size of coarse aggregate on compressive strength of high strength concerts 31st conference on our world in concrete & structures: 16 - 17 august 2006, [6]. Ke-Ru Wu et. al. Effect of coarse aggregate type on mechanical properties of highperformance concrete Cement and Concrete Research, Volume 31, Issue 10, October 2001, Pages 1421-1425 [7]. Beshr et. al. Effect of coarse aggregate quality on the mechanical properties of high strength concrete Construction and Building Materials, Volume 17, Issue 2, March 2003, Pages 97-103 [8]. Sitiradziah Abdullah, Ahmad Shayan and Riadh Al-Mahaidi, Assessing the Mechanical Properties of Concrete Due to Alkali Silica Reaction International Journal of Civil Engineering & Technology (IJCIET), Volume 4, Issue 1, 2013, pp. 190 - 204, ISSN Print: 0976 6308, ISSN Online: 0976 6316.

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