Gross Anatomy and Embryology 2013

LABORATORY EXAM II STRUCTURES

VERTEBRAL COLUMN OSTEOLOGY
(Note: skull or vertebral osteology tags may include questions about muscle or ligament attachments, structures that traverse foramina, etc. [e.g., coronoid process of mandible temporalis muscle, anterior tubercle of atlas longus colli muscle, foramen spinosum middle meningeal artery]) parts of typical vertebra: body, pedicle, inferior and superior vertebral notches, lamina, superior and inferior articular processes and facets, transverse process and facet, spinous process, vertebral foramen intervertebral foramen zygapophysial (facet) joint cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae (distinguish between them) head, neck, tubercle, and angle of rib costal facets of thoracic vertebrae vertebra prominens lumbar vertebra: mammillary process, pars interarticularis (Note: the most medial part of the lamina is not part of the pars) hyoid bone: body, greater horn, and lesser horn sacrum: sacral canal, pelvic (anterior) and posterior sacral foramina, sacral hiatus, sacral cornua, auricular surfaces coccyx: coccygeal cornua typical cervical vertebra: body, pedicle, lamina, spinous process, superior and inferior articular processes, transverse foramen, anterior and posterior tubercles, groove for spinal nerve, and uncus uncovertebral joint atlas: anterior arch and anterior tubercle, posterior arch and posterior tubercle, lateral mass, transverse process, transverse foramen, groove for vertebral artery on posterior arch axis: dens, superior and inferior articular facets, transverse process and transverse foramen, spinous process, body, lamina, and pedicle

DEEP BACK, VERTEBRAL COLUMN, AND SPINAL CORD CADAVER STRUCTURES

erector spinae: iliocostalis lumborum, thoracis, and cervicis; longissimus thoracis, cervicis, and capitis; spinalis thoracis splenius capitis, splenius cervicis transversospinalis: semispinalis thoracis, cervicis, and capitis; multifidus lumborum; rotatores longus and brevis

*Modified in part from Dr. Roques 2010 list

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greater occipital nerve occipital artery third occipital nerve rectus capitis posterior minor muscle suboccipital triangle: rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis superior, and obliquus capitis inferior muscles vertebral artery (third part), posterior arch of atlas, and suboccipital nerve within suboccipital triangle dens and transverse ligament of atlas nuchal ligament meninges and related structures: epidural space, internal vertebral venous plexus; dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater; subarachnoid space; filum terminale; denticulate ligaments spinal cord: conus medullaris; anterior and posterior spinal arteries; white matter, anterior and posterior horns of gray matter spinal nerves: anterior roots (rootlets); posterior roots (rootlets); posterior root ganglion; anterior and posterior primary rami; cauda equina ligamentum flavum, supraspinous and interspinous ligaments, posterior longitudinal ligament

HEAD AND NECK CADAVER STRUCTURES

Superficial Neck Platysma muscle Great auricular nerve Transverse cervical nerve Lesser occipital nerve Supraclavicular nerve Spinal accessory nerve Sternocleidomastoid muscle Posterior branch of retromandibular vein External jugular vein Investing layer of deep cervical fascia Carotid sheath Splenius capitis muscle Levator scapulae muscle Phrenic nerve Subclavian vein Internal jugular vein Brachiocephalic vein Anterior jugular vein Common carotid artery External carotid artery Superior thyroid artery Ascending pharyngeal artery Lingual artery Facial artery Occipital artery Posterior auricular artery

Internal carotid artery Thyroid gland lateral lobe, isthmus, and pyramidal lobe Digastric muscle anterior belly, posterior belly, and intermediate tendon Stylohyoid muscle Mylohyoid muscle Hypoglossal nerve Ansa cervicalis Superior root of ansa cervicalis Inferior root of ansa cervicalis Nerve to thyrohyoid Omohyoid muscle inferior belly, superior belly, and intermediate tendon Sternohyoid muscle Sternothyroid muscle Thyrohyoid muscle Superior thyroid artery Inferior thyroid artery Superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins Vagus nerve Internal laryngeal nerve Superior laryngeal artery Nerve to mylohyoid Submental branch of facial artery Submandibular gland, superficial part

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Facial vein Anterior branch of retromandibular vein Common facial vein Deep Neck Anterior scalene muscle Middle scalene muscle Posterior scalene muscle Axillary artery Subclavian artery Thyrocervical trunk Suprascapular artery Transverse cervical artery Inferior thyroid artery Ascending cervical artery Costocervical trunk Dorsal scapular artery Suprascapular nerve Dorsal scapular nerve Thoracic duct Superior cervical sympathetic ganglion Middle cervical sympathetic ganglion Inferior cervical sympathetic or cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion Ansa subclavia Prevertebral fascia Buccopharyngeal fascia Retropharyngeal space Longus colli muscle Longus capitis muscle Brachial plexus Roots (anterior rami of C5-T1) Superior, middle, and inferior trunks Anterior and posterior divisions Lateral, medial, and posterior cords Face Supraorbital nerve and artery Supratrochlear nerve and artery Infraorbital nerve and artery Mental nerve Zygomaticofacial nerve Orbicularis oculi, orbital part and palpebral part Corrugator supercilii Procerus Depressor anguli oris Depressor labii inferioris Zygomaticus major Zygomaticus minor Levator labii superioris Levator anguli oris Levator labii superioris alaque nasi Buccinator muscle Orbicularis oris muscle Nasalis muscle Nasolacrimal duct Bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva Frontalis muscle Occipitalis muscle Auriculotemporal nerve Facial artery and angular artery Inferior labial artery Superior labial artery Lateral nasal artery Facial vein and angular vein Parotid gland Parotid duct Facial nerve Temporal branch Zygomatic branch Buccal branch Marginal mandibular branch Cervical branch Superficial temporal artery and vein Retromandibular vein and its anterior and posterior branches Temporal and Infratemporal Fossae Inferior alveolar nerve Nerve to mylohyoid Inferior alveolar artery Temporomandibular joint Temporalis muscle Masseter muscle Medial pterygoid muscle Lateral pterygoid muscle Maxillary artery Mandibular nerve (V3) Deep temporal nerve and artery Sphenomandibular ligament Middle meningeal artery Accessory meningeal artery Posterior superior alveolar artery Maxillary vein Pterygoid venous plexus Lingual nerve Chorda tympani Buccal branch of mandibular nerve Auriculotemporal nerve Otic ganglion Superficial temporal artery

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Zygomaticotemporal nerve Scalp, Ear, and Cranial Cavity Dense connective tissue Epicranial aponeurosis Pericranium Cranial dura mater Falx cerebri Arachnoid granulations Confluence of sinuses Transverse sinus Sigmoid sinus Tentorium cerebelli Falx cerebelli Diaphragma sellae Tentorial notch/incisure Superior sagittal sinus Inferior sagittal sinus Straight sinus Middle meningeal artery Olfactory bulb and tract Optic nerve Optic chiasm Oculomotor nerve Trochlear nerve Trigeminal nerve Trigeminal ganglion Ophthalmic division (V1) Maxillary division (V2) Mandibular division (V3) Abducent nerve Facial nerve and nervus intermedius Vestibulocochlear nerve Glossopharyngeal nerve Vagus nerve Accessory nerve, spinal root Hypoglossal nerve Superior petrosal sinus Inferior petrosal sinus Cavernous sinus Internal carotid artery Helix of auricle Antihelix of auricle Tragus of auricle Antitragus of auricle Concha of auricle Lobule External acoustic meatus Orbit and Eye Optic nerve Ophthalmic artery Superior and inferior ophthalmic veins Oculomotor nerve Ciliary ganglion Short ciliary nerves Trochlear nerve Frontal nerve Supraorbital nerve Supratrochlear nerve Lacrimal nerve Nasociliary nerve Long ciliary nerves Posterior ethmoidal nerve Anterior ethmoidal nerve Infratrochlear nerve Abducent nerve Supraorbital artery Posterior ethmoidal artery Anterior ethmoidal artery Supratrochlear artery Dorsal nasal artery Superior oblique muscle Levator palpebrae superioris muscle Common tendinous ring Superior rectus muscle Lateral rectus muscle Medial rectus muscle Inferior rectus muscle Inferior oblique muscle Infraorbital nerve Infraorbital artery Lacrimal gland Lacrimal sac Nasal Cavity and Pterygopalatine Fossa Lateral nasal cartilage Greater alar cartilage Nasal septal cartilage Naris and nasal vestibule Choana Infraorbital artery Sphenopalatine artery Greater palatine artery Lesser palatine artery Maxillary nerve Olfactory nerve fibers Nasopalatine nerve Posterior lateral nasal nerves Greater palatine nerve Lesser palatine nerve Pterygopalatine ganglion

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Nerve of pterygoid canal Pharyngeal nerve Maxillary sinus and ostium Ethmoidal air cells Frontal sinus Frontonasal duct and infundibulum Sphenoidal sinus Nasal septum Superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae Sphenoethmoidal recess Superior, middle, and inferior meatus Hiatus semilunaris (semilunar hiatus) Bulla ethmoidalis (ethmoidal bulla) Opening of nasolacrimal duct Oral Cavity, Upper Pharynx, and Palate Uvula Salpingopharyngeal fold and muscle Pharyngeal recess Opening of auditory tube Torus tubarius Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid) Epiglottis Palatoglossal arch (fold) and muscle Palatopharyngeal arch (fold) and muscle Bed of palatine tonsil Glossopharyngeal nerve Tonsillar branch of facial artery Nasopalatine nerve Levator veli palatini Tensor veli palatini Ascending palatine artery Frenulum of tongue Geniohyoid muscle Lingual nerve Submandibular ganglion Hypoglossal nerve Submandibular duct Submandibular gland, deep part Lingual artery Dorsal lingual arteries Deep lingual artery Sublingual artery Sublingual gland Genioglossus muscle Hyoglossus muscle Styloglossus muscle Sulcus terminalis of tongue Foramen cecum of tongue Vallate papillae of tongue Lingual tonsil Pharynx and Larynx Carotid sinus Nerve to carotid sinus Pharyngeal raphe Pharyngobasilar fascia Stylopharyngeus muscle Glossopharyngeal nerve Laryngeal prominence Thyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage Tracheal rings Thyrohyoid membrane Median cricothyroid ligament Cricotracheal ligament Cricothyroid muscle Inferior pharyngeal constrictor Thyropharyngeus Cricopharyngeus Middle pharyngeal constrictor Superior pharyngeal constrictor Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve Superior laryngeal branch of vagus nerve External laryngeal nerve Internal laryngeal nerve Stylohyoid ligament Recurrent laryngeal nerve Aryepiglottic fold Aryepiglotticus muscle Median glossoepiglottic fold Vallecula Aditus of larynx Piriform fossa Epiglottis Arytenoid cartilage Corniculate cartilage Cuneiform cartilage Vocal fold Rima glottidis Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle Thyroarytenoid muscle Vocalis muscle Transverse and oblique arytenoid muscles Vocal process of arytenoid cartilage Vocal ligament Vestibular fold Rima vestibuli Quadrangular membrane Vestibular ligament Conus elasticus (cricothyroid membrane)

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Laryngeal cavity Vestibule Ventricle Infraglottic cavity