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2011 Tekla Corporation and its licensors. All rights reserved. This Software Manual has been developed for use with the referenced Software. Use of the Software, and use of this Software Manual are governed by a License Agreement. Among other provisions, the License Agreement sets certain warranties for the Software and this Manual, disclaims other warranties, limits recoverable damages, defines permitted uses of the Software, and determines whether you are an authorized user of the Software. All information set forth in this manual is provided with the warranty set forth in the License Agreement. Please refer to the License Agreement for important obligations and applicable limitations and restrictions on your rights. Tekla does not guarantee that the text is free of technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Tekla reserves the right to make changes and additions to this manual due to changes in the software or otherwise. In addition, this Software Manual is protected by copyright law and by international treaties. Unauthorized reproduction, display, modification, or distribution of this Manual, or any portion of it, may result in severe civil and criminal penalties, and will be prosecuted to the full extent permitted by law. Tekla, Tekla Structures, Xcity, Xengineer, Xpipe, Xroad, Xpower, Xsteel, and Xstreet are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Tekla Corporation in the European Union, the United States, and/or other countries. Other product and company names mentioned in this Manual are or may be trademarks of their respective owners. By referring to a third-party product or brand, Tekla does not intend to suggest an affiliation with or endorsement by such third party and disclaims any such affiliation or endorsement, except where otherwise expressly stated. Portions of this software: D-Cubed 2D DCM 2008 Siemens Industry Software Limited. All rights reserved. EPM toolkit 1995-2004 EPM Technology a.s., Oslo, Norway. All rights reserved. XML parser 1999 The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved. Project Data Control Library 2006 - 2007 DlhSoft. All rights reserved. DWGdirect, DGNdirect and OpenDWG Toolkit/Viewkit libraries 1998-2005 Open Design Alliance. All rights reserved. FlexNet Copyright 2010 Flexera Software, Inc. and/or InstallShield Co. Inc. All Rights Reserved. This product contains proprietary and confidential technology, information and creative works owned by Flexera Software, Inc. and/or InstallShield Co. Inc. and their respective licensors, if any. Any use, copying, publication, distribution, display, modification, or transmission of such technology in whole or in part in any form or by any means without the prior express written permission of Flexera Software, Inc. and/or InstallShield Co. Inc. is strictly prohibited. Except where expressly provided by Flexera Software, Inc. and/or InstallShield Co. Inc. in writing, possession of this technology shall not be construed to confer any license or rights under any Flexera Software, Inc. and/or InstallShield Co. Inc. intellectual property rights, whether by estoppel, implication, or otherwise. The software is protected by U.S. Patent Nos. 7,302,368 and 7,617,076. Also elements of the software described in this Manual may be the subject of pending patent applications in the European Union and/or other countries including U.S. patent applications 2004267695, 2005285881, 20060004841, 20060136398, 20080189084, and 20090189887.
Contents
Introduction LESSON 1 1 2 3
3.1
1 3
4
4.1
Opening a model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Model created in a previous version ....................................................................................................... 8
5
5.1 5.2 5.3
6
6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7
Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
View properties ....................................................................................................................................... 9 Display .................................................................................................................................................. 11 Creating a basic view............................................................................................................................ 12 Creating a top view ............................................................................................................................... 12 Moving a plane in a top view............................................................................................................ 13 Creating a grid view using two points ................................................................................................... 13 Opening, closing, and deleting named views ....................................................................................... 14 Changing part representation in model views....................................................................................... 15 Rollover highlight.............................................................................................................................. 16
Common buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 17
LESSON 2 8
8.1 8.2 8.3
Grids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Creating a grid ...................................................................................................................................... 18 Creating a second grid.......................................................................................................................... 19 Creating a grid on a shifted work plane ................................................................................................ 20
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8.4 8.5
12 Snapping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
12.1 Snap switches ....................................................................................................................................... 28 12.2 Dimensions in snapping ........................................................................................................................ 30 12.3 Orthogonal snapping ............................................................................................................................. 31 12.4 Measuring distances, angles, and bolt spaces...................................................................................... 31
13 Mini Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
13.1 Mini Toolbar examples .......................................................................................................................... 32 13.2 Customizing Mini Toolbar ...................................................................................................................... 34
14 Part properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
14.1 Attributes tab ......................................................................................................................................... 35 14.2 Position tab............................................................................................................................................ 36 14.3 Modifying part properties ....................................................................................................................... 37
16 Part modifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
16.1 Moving start and end points .................................................................................................................. 41 Extending and shortening parts ........................................................................................................ 42 16.2 Creating curved parts ............................................................................................................................ 43 16.3 Adding recesses to concrete parts ........................................................................................................ 44 16.4 Cambering and warping parts ............................................................................................................... 45
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17 Corner chamfers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
17.1 Chamfering example............................................................................................................................. 47
18 Selection switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
18.1 Selection filters...................................................................................................................................... 50 Selection filter example .................................................................................................................... 50 18.2 Selection examples............................................................................................................................... 51
19 Steel parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
19.1 Creating a steel column ........................................................................................................................ 55 19.2 Creating a steel beam........................................................................................................................... 55 19.3 Creating a curved steel beam ............................................................................................................... 55 19.4 Creating a steel polybeam .................................................................................................................... 56 19.5 Creating an orthogonal steel beam....................................................................................................... 57 19.6 Creating a steel twin profile................................................................................................................... 57 19.7 Creating a steel contour plate ............................................................................................................... 57 Setting the contour plate orientation................................................................................................. 57 Adding a corner to a contour plate ................................................................................................... 59 Removing a corner from a contour plate .......................................................................................... 60
LESSON 4
61
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22 Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
22.1 Bolt properties ....................................................................................................................................... 78 Holes................................................................................................................................................. 80 22.2 Creating a bolt group ............................................................................................................................. 81 22.3 Creating a divided bolt group................................................................................................................. 82 22.4 Modifying bolt groups ............................................................................................................................ 83 22.5 Creating slotted holes............................................................................................................................ 83 22.6 Bolts on cast-in embeds ........................................................................................................................ 84
24 Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
24.1 Creating points along a line ................................................................................................................... 87
25 Cast units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
25.1 Defining the cast unit type ..................................................................................................................... 87 25.2 Creating a cast unit................................................................................................................................ 88 25.3 Adding objects to cast units................................................................................................................... 88 25.4 Modifying cast units ............................................................................................................................... 88 25.5 Highlighting objects in a cast unit .......................................................................................................... 88 25.6 Changing the cast unit main part........................................................................................................... 89 25.7 Creating a cast unit view ....................................................................................................................... 89 25.8 Removing objects from a cast unit ........................................................................................................ 90
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LESSON 5
97
LESSON 6
117
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32 Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
32.1 Creating a component ......................................................................................................................... 120 32.2 Component status ............................................................................................................................... 120 32.3 Modifying component properties ......................................................................................................... 120 32.4 Saving component properties.............................................................................................................. 121 32.5 Conceptual components...................................................................................................................... 121 Converting a conceptual component to a detailed component ....................................................... 121 32.6 Example............................................................................................................................................... 122 Inserting a corbel connection .......................................................................................................... 122 Modifying the corbel connection ..................................................................................................... 122
LESSON 7
131
37 Entering project information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132 38 Switching between single-user and multi-user modes . . . . . . . 133 39 Checking the model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
39.1 Finding clashes in a model .................................................................................................................. 134 39.2 Flying through the model ..................................................................................................................... 135 39.3 Checking using reports........................................................................................................................ 135
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41.1 Creating object representation settings............................................................................................... 139 41.2 Defining your own colors to model object groups ............................................................................... 140
LESSON 8
145
46 WebViewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
46.1 Publishing a model as a web page ..................................................................................................... 155
LESSON 9
157
48 Reinforcements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
48.1 Reinforcing bar group.......................................................................................................................... 158 Reinforcing bar group types ........................................................................................................... Creating a reinforcing bar group..................................................................................................... Distribution area ............................................................................................................................. Distribution of bars ......................................................................................................................... Omitting reinforcing bars ................................................................................................................ 158 159 159 160 162
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Defining a hook for a reinforcing bar............................................................................................... 164 Defining the reinforcing bar cover thickness ................................................................................... 165 Modifying reinforcing bars............................................................................................................... 166 48.3 Curved reinforcing bar group............................................................................................................... 167 48.4 Creating a circular reinforcing bar group ............................................................................................. 168 48.5 Creating a reinforcement mesh ........................................................................................................... 169 48.6 Creating a reinforcement strand pattern.............................................................................................. 170 48.7 Reinforcement strand example............................................................................................................ 172 Creating a point array ..................................................................................................................... 172 Creating a reinforcement strand for a beam ................................................................................... 173 48.8 Creating a reinforcement splice........................................................................................................... 175 48.9 Attaching reinforcing bars to another part ........................................................................................... 176
LESSON 10
189
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Longitudinal reinforcement (70)...................................................................................................... Beam reinforcement (63)................................................................................................................ Pad footing reinforcement (77)....................................................................................................... Beam end reinforcement (79)......................................................................................................... Lifting anchor (80) .......................................................................................................................... Round column reinforcement (82).................................................................................................. Rectangular column reinforcement (83) ......................................................................................... Hole reinforcement for slabs and walls (84) ................................................................................... Hole creation and reinforcement (85)............................................................................................. Starter bars for pillar (86) ............................................................................................................... Starter bars for footing (87) ............................................................................................................ Slab bars (18)................................................................................................................................. Reinforcement mesh array in area (89).......................................................................................... Stairwells and elevation shafts (90)................................................................................................ Corbel connection (14) ................................................................................................................... Seating with dowel (75) .................................................................................................................. Two-sided seating with dowel (76) ................................................................................................. Battering connection (13) ............................................................................................................... Precast stairs (65) .......................................................................................................................... End plate (144)............................................................................................................................... Cranked beam (41) ........................................................................................................................ Haunch (40).................................................................................................................................... Joining plates (14) .......................................................................................................................... Base plate (1004) ........................................................................................................................... Stiffened base plate (1014) ............................................................................................................ Stiffeners (1003)............................................................................................................................. Stub (1011)..................................................................................................................................... End plate detail (1002) ................................................................................................................... Stanchion weld (85)........................................................................................................................ Manlock column (1032) .................................................................................................................. Manlock beam (1033)..................................................................................................................... Array of objects (29) .......................................................................................................................
201 202 202 202 203 203 203 204 204 204 205 205 205 206 206 206 207 207 207 209 210 210 211 211 211 213 213 213 214 214 215 215
LESSON 11
219
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Using search filters ......................................................................................................................... 222 53.5 Saving favorite Help topics .................................................................................................................. 222
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10
Introduction
Tekla Structures is Building Information Modeling (BIM) software that enables the creation and management of accurately detailed and highly constructable 3D structural models regardless of material or structural complexity. Tekla models can be used to cover the entire building process from conceptual design to fabrication, erection, and construction management. The 3D structural model includes the geometry and design of the structure, and all the information about profiles and cross sections, connection types, materials, structural analysis, etc. Tekla Structures drawings and reports are integrated with the models. Consequently, dimensions and marks are always correct. Drawings and reports can be created at any stage of the project and updated according to the changes in the model. Tekla helps all new Tekla Structures users to get started and to maintain their development. Our well-defined training course is a jump start to Tekla Structures software and helps to maximize using Tekla Structures to its full potential. During the basic training course, you will be taught the basic principles of Tekla Structures. Each training day contains several exercises so you will learn to apply what you have learned in theory. The instructor will show the correct solution to each exercise. You can freely ask the the instructor questions to make sure you have understood each point correctly. This training manual is intended to be used during a basic Tekla Structures training course, but you can also use it on your own after the training course. In addition, Tekla provides online learning material so the users can learn how to benefit from version improvements and adapt to using the new features. The following learning and support material is available on the Tekla Extranet (https:// extranet.tekla.com) for all our customers with a valid maintenance agreement. When the material is available also in the Tekla Structures software via the help menu, it is separately indicated.
Material Steel Detailing, Modeling Steel Detailing, Drawings Precast Concrete Detailing, Modeling Precast Concrete Detailing, Drawings Engineering, Modeling Engineering, Drawings Construction Management Cast-in-place Concrete Detailing, Modeling Cast-in-place Concrete Detailing, Drawings
Language English, French, German, Dutch, Italian, Spanish, Russian, Japanese, Chinese
Location Extranet:
Self-learning > Manuals & instructions
TEKLA STRUCTURES 17
Material Help file Manuals in PDF format Release Notes Quick reference guide to Tekla Structures Keyboard shortcuts
Language English, French, German, Dutch, Italian, Spanish, Russian, Japanese, Chinese
Location
Help > Tekla Structures Help
Extranet:
Self-learning > Manuals & instructions Help > Release Notes
Extranet:
Self-learning > Manuals & instructions
Extranet:
Self-learning > Manuals & instructions
English, Finnish, Swedish, German, Dutch, French, Spanish, Italian, Russian, Japanese, Chinese
Help > Learning Center > First Steps with Tekla Structures
Extranet:
Self-learning > Interactive tutorials & videos
http://www.tekla.com/firststeps Top New Features Videos English, German, Dutch, French, Spanish, Italian, Russian, Japanese, Chinese
Help > Learning Center > Top New Features
Extranet:
Self-learning > Interactive tutorials & videos
http://www.tekla.com/ topnewfeatures First steps with BIM interactive tutorials More videos and tutorials Other support material Frequently Asked Questions Tekla Structures Glossary Start-up checklist Discussion Forum Product Information English, French, German, Japanese, Chinese English English http://www.tekla.com/bimlessons Extranet:
Self-learning > Interactive tutorials & videos
English
Extranet:
Self-learning > Questions & answers
Extranet:
Self-learning > Tekla Structures Glossary
Extranet:
Self-learning > Start-up checklist
Extranet:
Discussion Forum
Extranet:
Product
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LESSON 1
In this lesson, you will learn the following things:
how to start Tekla Structures how to create, open, and save a model how to move around in the model what views are and how they are created how to use the common buttons in the dialog boxes
>
LESSON 1
TEKLA STRUCTURES 17
To create a new model: 1. Click Create a new model in the Learn Tekla Structures dialog box, or click File > New....
TEKLA STRUCTURES 17
2.
Enter the name of the model in the Model name box. Do not use special characters ( / \ . ; : | ) in model names.
3.
Define the folder where you want to save your model. By default, Tekla Structures saves the models in the ..\TeklaStructuresModels folder. If you want to save the model in another folder, click Browse... to browse for the model folder.
4. 5.
In the Model type list, select either Single-user or Multi-user. If you select Multi-user, enter the server name. Click OK. Tekla Structures creates a 3D view using standard view properties.
LESSON 1 Creating a new model
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Saving a model
Tekla Structures prompts you to save the open model when you close Tekla Structures. You should also save your model regularly to avoid losing any work. Autosave also automatically saves your work at regular intervals. . Tekla Structures saves the model and the To save the model, click File > Save, or click message database stored appears on the status bar.
Autosave automatically saves your model and drawings at set intervals. To set the autosave interval, click Tools > Options > Options... > General.
3.1
LESSON 1 Saving a model
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3. 4.
If you want to save the model in a different folder, click Browse... to browse for the folder. In the Save as dialog box, click OK to save the model.
Opening a model
To open a model: 1. Click File > Open..., or click The Open dialog box opens. .
The information in the Designer and Description columns comes from the Project Properties dialog box.
2.
Select the model. By default, Tekla Structures searches for models in the ..\TeklaStructuresModels folder. If your model is in another folder, click Browse... to browse for the model folder, or use the Look in list with the recently used folders.
3.
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4.1
You can open the model by clicking OK. If you edit the model and want to save it, the following warning appears:
If you click Yes, the model is saved and it cannot be opened with the previous Tekla Structures version anymore. If you click No, the model is not saved. You can open and edit the model with the Tekla Structures version in which the model was initially created.
We recommend that you complete any models you have started using your current Tekla Structures version. Custom components and drawings created in an older version may not work properly in the new Tekla Structures version.
5.1
Zooming
The zoom tools allow you to focus in on a particular area, or pull out for a wider view.
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Use the mouse wheel to zoom in and out in the model: scroll forward to zoom in, scroll backward to zoom out. You can also zoom by clicking View > Zoom and selecting an option.
5.2
Panning
To pan, hold down the middle mouse button. When the pointer changes to a hand symbol, click and drag the model to move it anywhere in the view window. To activate or disable the middle button pan, click Tools > Options > Middle Button Pan, or Shift + M. There is a checkmark next to the menu option when the middle button pan is active.
5.3
Rotating
To rotate the model: 1. 2. 3. To set the center of rotation, press the V key. Pick the center of rotation. Hold down the Ctrl key and drag with the middle mouse button to rotate the model.
Views
A view is a representation of a model from a specific location. Each view is displayed in its own window in the Tekla Structures. There are several types of views. For example, you can create views
of the entire model of selected parts and components of selected assemblies and cast units along grid lines.
6.1
View properties
To define the view properties, click View > View Properties.... The View Properties dialog box opens.
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LESSON 1 Views
Option
Name
Description Name of the view. You should give a view a unique name if you need to open it in later sessions. When you exit the model, Tekla Structures only saves named views. Switch between the 3D and Plane angle. Switch between the Orthogonal and Perspective projection. The options are available only in the rendered view type. Rotation angle around the z axis. Rotation angle around the x axis. View type defines the appearance of the view. The view type options are Rendered and Wire frame. Color and transparency settings that are applied to object groups in all views. View depth upwards from the view plane. The objects within the displayed depth and the work area are visible in the model View depth downwards from the view plane. The objects within the displayed depth and the work area are visible in the model Define the visibility and representation of object types. Define the visibility of object groups.
Angle Projection Rotation around Z Rotation around X View type Color and transparency in all views View depth: Up
10
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6.2
Display
You can define visibility and representation settings of object types in the Display dialog box. To open the Display dialog box, click View > View Properties..., and then click Display... in the View Properties dialog box. The Display dialog box contains the Settings and Advanced tabs.
Settings tab
You can define the visibility of object types on the Settings tab. You can also define the representation settings of model parts and components.
TEKLA STRUCTURES 17
LESSON 1 Views
11
The default representation mode for bolts is Exact. It shows bolts, washers, and nuts as solids. The Fast option displays the axis and a cross to represent the bolt head. Fast is the recommended representation mode for bolts, because it increases display speed significantly and consumes less system memory.
Advanced tab
You can define the visibility of a part center line, part reference line, part labels and connection texts on the Advanced tab. You can also define the size of points in views. In model increases the point size on the screen when you zoom in. In view does not.
Sometimes the work area in the model can be huge because points are positioned far away from the origin of the model. To easily locate these points for deletion, change the Point size to 1000 or 1500.
6.3
2. 3. 4.
Select the plane parallel to the view plane. Enter the level coordinate of the view plane. Click Create.
Tekla Structures creates the basic view. The active properties of the View Properties dialog box are used in the view.
6.4
LESSON 1 Views
12
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3. 4. 5.
Click OK. Click View > Create View of Model > Basic View... or View dialog box. Enter the level distance in the Coordinate box. to open the Create Basic
For example, if you want that the plane view is at level +4500, enter 4500 in the box.
6.
4.
If you want to change the name of the view, double-click the view and enter the name in the
View Properties dialog box.
6.5
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13
3. 4.
Click OK. Pick the first point on a grid line. Two arrows appear. The arrows indicate the direction of the view.
5.
When the direction is correct, pick the second point on the grid line. A new view is created.
6.6
The Named views list contains the named views that are closed.
Opening views
To open views, select them and click the arrow to move the views to the Visible views list.
LESSON 1 Views
14
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The number of the named views is unlimited, but the maximum number of open views is nine.
To close a view, move the view to the Named views list. To delete a view, select the view and click Delete.
To select multiple views on lists, use the Shift and Ctrl keys when you select views. To deselect views, hold down the Ctrl key.
6.7
Example
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LESSON 1 Views
15
Rollover highlight
When you move the mouse pointer over objects in rendered model views, Tekla Structures highlights the objects in yellow, so that you can easily see which objects you can select.
Common buttons
Most of the Tekla Structures dialog boxes contain common buttons. These buttons mean the same thing in all dialog boxes. The common buttons are:
Button
Description Retains the properties in the dialog box without closing the dialog box. Tekla Structures uses these properties the next time you create an object of this type. Closes the dialog box without retaining the properties in the dialog box or modifying objects. Creates a new object using the properties in the dialog box. Fills the dialog box with the properties of the selected object. When you select several objects, Tekla Structures takes the properties at random from one of the selected objects. Displays the help topics for the dialog box. Modifies the selected objects using the properties in the dialog box, but does not retain the properties in the dialog box. Retains the properties in the dialog box and closes the dialog box. Tekla Structures uses these properties the next time you create an object of this type.
Switches all the check boxes in the dialog box on and off.
16
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LESSON 2
In this lesson, you will learn the following things:
how to create and modify grids what the work area is how to create plane views along grid lines
>
LESSON 2
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17
Grids
The Tekla Structures grids are rectangular and they are shown on the view plane by dash-anddot lines. Using grids makes it easy to create a model and to locate objects in the model. When you create a new model, Tekla Structures creates a default grid which can be modified. You can have one or more grids for one model. You can create one large grid for the entire model and one or more smaller grids for detailed sections. You can also create single grid lines and attach them to an existing grid.
8.1
Creating a grid
To create a grid: 1. Click Modeling > Create Grid..., or click The Grid dialog box opens. .
LESSON 2
2.
Adjust the grid properties by entering the x, y, and z coordinates and the labels for the grid lines.
18
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The coordinates in the x and y directions are relative distances. The coordinates in the z direction are absolute distances.
Use spaces to separate the coordinate values. Enter zero as the first coordinate value to show the first grid line on the 0,0 coordinate.
3.
Adjust other grid properties if necessary. Select Magnetic grid plane to bind objects to grid lines.
4. 5.
You can lock the grid parameters to prevent accidental changes. To lock the grid parameters, click the User-defined attributes... button and choose Yes from the Locked list.
8.2
3. 4.
Enter the grid coordinates and labels. Click OK. You now have two grids with different origins.
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LESSON 2
19
8.3
You can create a new grid and rotate the grid according to a shifted work plane. This makes it easier to model in the shifted work plane.
8.4
LESSON 2
20
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3. 4.
Pick the start point of the grid line. Pick the end point of the grid line.
8.5
Work area
The work area is the main area where you can edit the model. Tekla Structures indicates the work area of a view using green dashed lines. You can define the work area to suit particular situations, for example, to concentrate on a particular area of the model. Defining the work area makes it faster and easier to work with the model. Objects outside the work area still exist, but they are not visible.
Work area The arrow symbol indicates the work plane. The green cube in a model view represents the global coordinate system. It is located at the global point of origin.
LESSON 2 Work area
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21
2. 3.
Define the settings you need. For instance, you can define the number of views and the view name prefixes. Click Create. The Views dialog box opens.
4.
Move views from the Named views list to the Visible views list. The direction of all views is -x, +y, and -z.
22
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23
24
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LESSON 3
In this lesson, you will learn the following things:
how to create parts such as columns and beams how to snap on points how to check distances and angles how to use and customize Mini Toolbar how to modify parts how to create chamfers in part corners how to control the selection of objects.
>
LESSON 3
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25
11 Concrete parts
You can create concrete parts by using the buttons in the Concrete toolbar, or selecting a command from the Modeling menu.
Button
Command
Pad Footing
Strip Footing
Column
Beam
Polybeam
Creates a concrete beam consisting of straight and curved segments. Creates a concrete slab based on picked positions forming a contour. Creates a concrete panel that traverses the picked points.
Slab
Panel
11.1
11.2
LESSON 3
26
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2. 3.
Pick the start point. Pick the end point. The beam is created.
When you create horizontal parts such as beams be consistent and always pick points from left to right and from bottom to top. This ensures that Tekla Structures places and dimensions the parts in the same way in drawings, and that part marks automatically appear at the same part end.
11.3
11.4
Curved sections
You can create curved sections for strip footings. Use the chamfer feature to create the curved sections. For more information, see Corner chamfers (p. 46).
11.5
Curved sections
You can create curved sections for concrete panels. Use the chamfer feature to create the curved sections. For more information, see Corner chamfers (p. 46).
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LESSON 3
27
11.6
You can also model floors, walls and panels with the concrete slabs.
11.7
Curved sections
You can create curved sections for polybeams. Use the chamfer feature to create the curved sections. For more information, see Corner chamfers (p. 46).
12 Snapping
Most Tekla Structures commands ask you to pick points to position objects. Snap switches specify exact locations on objects, for example, end points, midpoints, and intersections. Snap switches help you to pick points to position objects precisely without having to know the coordinates or create additional lines or points. You can use snap switches any time Tekla Structures prompts you to specify a point, for example, if you are creating a beam.
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The two main snap switches define whether you can snap to reference points or any other points on objects. If both these switches are off, you cannot snap to any positions, even if all the other switches are on.
Button
Description You can snap to object reference points (points that have handles).
Symbol Large
Small
You can have Tekla Structures display the snap symbols when you move the mouse pointer over objects. The snap symbol is yellow for model objects and green for objects inside components.
Button
Description Snaps to points and grid line intersections. Snaps to end points of lines, polyline segments, and arcs. Snaps to centers of circles and arcs. Snaps to midpoints of lines, polyline segments, and arcs.
Symbol
End points
Centers
Midpoints
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LESSON 3 Snapping
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Button
Description Snaps to intersections of lines, polyline segments, arcs, and circles. Snaps to points on objects that form a perpendicular alignment with another object. Snaps to the line extensions of nearby objects, and reference and geometry lines of drawing objects. Snaps to any position.
Symbol
Perpendicular
Line extensions
Free
Nearest point
Snaps to the nearest points on objects, e.g. any point on part edges or lines. Snaps to grid lines, reference lines, and the edges of existing objects.
Lines
LESSON 3 Snapping
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Zoom level affects the precision of snapping. To snap on smaller distances, zoom in.
1. 2.
Horizontal distance Vertical distance Distance Angle Arc Bolt spaces Click Tools > Measure, or click one of the measurement buttons. Follow the instructions that vary according to the measurement option you selected. When you measure horizontal and vertical distances, use a plane view. To switch to a plane view, press Ctrl + P.
13 Mini Toolbar
You can modify the most common properties of modeling objects with the Mini Toolbar.
LESSON 3 Mini Toolbar
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The Mini Toolbar appears next to the mouse pointer when you select an object and fades out when you move the mouse further away or change the selection. You can change the position of the toolbar by dragging it and locking it to a new position with the lock button in the top right corner.
In this example we modify the profile of a column using the Mini Toolbar: 1. Select the column. The Mini Toolbar appears next to the mouse pointer.
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2. 3.
Move the pointer over the Mini Toolbar. Modify the profile in the Mini Toolbar and press enter. The profile of the column is changed.
In this example we modify the position of a beam using the Mini Toolbar: 1. Click in the Mini Toolbar. A window with additional options appears.
Part orientation Position selection dial Rotation angle knob Angle Plane offset
LESSON 3 Mini Toolbar
Depth offset
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2. 3. 4.
To change the overall position of the beam, use the round selection dial. Click and drag to select a position. To change the rotation angle, click and drag the green rotation angle knob. To change the Angle, Plane offset, or Depth offset, enter a value in the corresponding box.
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14 Part properties
In addition to the Mini Toolbar, you can use the part properties dialog box to view or modify the properties of a part. The basic options of the Attributes and Position tabs are described in this section. In addition, instructions on how to modify part properties are provided. To open a part properties dialog box, double-click the button of the part, or click Modeling > Properties and select an option.
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Option
Name
Description The name of the part is user-definable. Tekla Structures uses part names in reports and drawing lists, and to identify parts of the same type, for example, beams or columns Enter the profile of the part. Click the button next to the box to select the profile from the catalog. Enter the material of the part. Click the button next to the box to select the material from the catalog. Finish is user-definable. It describes how the part surface has been treated, for example, with fire retardant coating. Use Class to group parts wit different colors. User-defined attributes provide extra information about a part. Attributes can consist of numbers, text, or lists. Click User-defined attributes... to enter user-defined attrubutes.
The Position tab contains options for defining the placement of the part. The available options vary from part to part.
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Option
Position Levels
Description The Position area contains options for defining the location of the part relative to its reference point or the work plane. For parts that you create by picking only one point (for example, columns), you can enter the positions of the part ends, relative to the picked point, in the global z direction. Use Bottom to define the position of the first end. Use Top to define the position of the second end. For example, the height of a column is defined with the entered values. Use end offsets to move the ends of a part, relative to its reference line. You can enter positive and negative values. Define the curvature of the part by entering the radius and the plane of curvature.
1.
Open the part properties dialog box either by double-clicking the button of the part,
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2. 3.
holding down the Shift key and clicking the button of the part, or clicking Modeling > Properties and selecting an option.
Modify the properties as required. Click Apply or OK. The modified properties are used when you create parts of the same type. Double-click a part. The part properties dialog box opens. Modify the properties as required. Click Modify to apply the modified properties to the part. Click Cancel to close the dialog box.
1. 2. 3. 4.
If you click OK to close the dialog box, the modified properties are retained and will be used the next time you create parts of the same type.
A quick way to modify the properties of a part is using the mini toolbar. For more information, see Mini Toolbar (p. 31).
Hold down the mouse button and drag the mouse from left to right to select the objects that are completely within that rectangular area.
Hold down the mouse button and drag the mouse from right to left to select the objects that are completely or partly within that rectangular area.
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To define how area selection works, click Tools > Options > Crossing Selection. When the option is off, the dragging direction affects the selection of objects, as described above. By default, the option is off. When the option is on, all objects that fall at least partially inside the rectangular area are selected, regardless of the dragging direction.
2.
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To completely hide the unselected parts, hold down the Shift key when selecting the command. To show the unselected parts as sticks, hold down the Ctrl key when selecting the command. 3. To make the parts visible again, do one of the following: Click View > Redraw All.
3.
To make the parts visible again, do one of the following: Click View > Redraw All.
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16 Part modifications
This section provides information on part modifications. The following topics are explained:
Moving start and end points Bending parts Adding recesses to cast units Tubular sections Cambering and warping
Start point End point You can move the start and end points by using the End offset options in the part properties dialog box.
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Do not use the Dx, Dy and Dz options on the Position tab for extending or shortening a part.
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You can see the dimension of extension or shortening when you drag the handle.
Drag the handle along the blue dashed line (the line extension of the part). This way you do not change the orientation of the part.
To extend or shorten parts by dragging, the Drag and Drop feature must be enabled. When Drag and Drop is enabled, the D letter is displayed in the status bar. To activate Drag and Drop, click Tools > Options > Drag and Drop, or press the D key.
4. 5. 6.
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Warping Cambering
Cambering
You can use cambering to pre-camber parts, in other words, to curve long heavy sections that will settle on site and become flat. Use cambering to show the natural camber of a prestressed part in a model. Cambering affects the position of cuts, skews, and embeds in the model. Tekla Structures cambers parts in the local z direction. To camber a part: 1. 2. 3. 4. Double-click the part to open the part properties dialog box. Go to the Deforming tab. In the Cambering field, define the degree of camber. Click Modify.
LESSON 3 Part modifications
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Warping
To warp a beam: 1. 2. 3. 4. Double-click the beam to open the part properties dialog box. Go to the Deforming tab. In the Start box, enter the angle of the beam at its start point, relative to the part reference line. In the End box, enter the angle of the beam at its end point, relative to the part reference line. For example, to warp the beam 45 degrees at the end point, enter 0 in the Start angle box and 45 in the End angle box. Click Modify to warp the beam.
5.
17 Corner chamfers
Some part corners can be chamfered. You can use the Chamfer command to shape the following parts: concrete and steel polybeams, contour plates, strip footings, concrete slabs, and concrete panels.
The end points of a part do not have corner chamfers. The handles that you select must be at corner points or between two segments of a part.
When Tekla Structures creates a part, by default it has a rectangular chamfer at each corner, which does not change the geometry of the part.
Tekla Structures creates chamfers using the active properties in the Chamfer Properties dialog box. Click Detailing > Properties > Chamfer > Part Corner Chamfer... to open the dialog box, or double-click an existing chamfer.
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Option
Type x y dz1 dz2
Description Defines the shape of the chamfer. The dimension of the chamfer. The second dimension of straight chamfers. Moves the top surface of the part corner in the local z direction of the part. Moves the bottom surface of the part corner in the local z direction of the part.
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18 Selection switches
You can control object selection by using the selection switches. The selection switches are located in the Selecting toolbar.
Button
Description Turns all switches on. Select all object types, except for single bolts. Select component symbols.
Select points.
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Button
Select welds.
Select planes.
Select distances.
When you click any object belonging to a component, Tekla Structures selects the component symbol and highlights (does not select) all component objects. Objects created automatically by a component can be selected. When you click any object in an assembly or a cast unit, Tekla Structures selects the assembly or cast unit and highlights all objects in the same assembly or cast unit. Select single objects in assemblies and cast units.
Select selection filters. The list lists both standard and userdefined selection filters. Create your own selection filters.
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Selection filters Click to open the Object Group - Selection Filter dialog box
Defining your own filters
To define your own filters: 1. 2. 3. 4. button, or click Edit > Selection Filter... to open the Click the Selection Filter Object Group - Selection Filter dialog box. Find a filter which has close to the same settings as you need. Modify the settings, then enter a new name in the Save as box. Click Save as, then OK to exit. You can now choose the new filter from the list.
1. 2.
button, or click Edit > Selection Filter... to open the Click the Selection Filter Object Group - Selection Filter dialog box. Select a row and click Delete row to remove the row. Repeat this to every row.
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3.
Click Add row. Now the Object Group - Selection Filter dialog box contains one row where you can define the filter. In the Property list, select Class. In the Value list, enter 2. Enter a unique name in the box next to the Save as button. Click Save as to save the selection filter.
4. 5. 6. 7.
Use the selection filter to select the parts whose class is two.
In this example, a cast unit consists of two beams in different spans. A reinforcement (the Rebar in beam (90) component) is added to the cast unit.
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If you want to select the whole cast unit (the two beams with the reinforcement), ensure that the
Select assemblies
switch is active.
To define the level on which to select objects in cast unit, hold down the Shift key and scroll with the mouse wheel. Level 0 is the highest cast unit level.
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Level 0 Level 1 The level of the selected assembly is displayed in the status bar. Level 0:
Level 1:
LESSON 3 Selection switches
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When you generate reports, drawings or other types of output of the cast unit, ensure that the
Select objects in components
switch selects objects at the highest level. The reinforcement The Select components is highlighted but not selected, and the information of the reinforcement is not displayed in the report or drawing.
19 Steel parts
You can create steel parts by using the buttons in the Steel toolbar, or select a command from the Modeling menu.
Button
Command
Column
Description Creates a steel column at a picked position. Creates a steel beam between two picked points. Creates a steel beam consisting of straight and curved segments.
Beam
Polybeam
LESSON 3 Steel parts
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Button
Command
Curved Beam
Description Creates a steel beam with its radius defined by three picked points. Creates a contour plate based on picked positions forming a contour. Creates a steel beam orthogonal to the work plane in a picked position. Creates a twin profile between two picked points. A twin profile consists of two beams.
Contour Plate
When you create horizontal parts, such as beams, be consistent and always pick points from left to right, and from bottom to top. This ensures that Tekla Structures places and dimensions the parts in the same way in drawings, and that part marks automatically appear at the same part end.
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1. 2. 3. 4.
Click the Create curved beam Pick the start point. Pick a point on the arc. Pick the end point. The curved steel beam is created.
button.
To create a steel polybeam: 1. 2. 3. Click the Create polybeam button. Pick the points you want the beam to go through. Double-click the end point, or click the middle mouse button to finish picking. The polybeam is created.
Do not enter any values for the Radius or the Number of segments in the polybeam properties dialog box.
Curved sections
You can create curved segments for polybeams. Use chamfering to create the curved segments. For more information, see Corner chamfers (p. 46).
To ensure that you will have correct information in NC files, create polybeams a little shorter than needed (1). Fit them afterwards or connect them by using a component (2).
Folded plates
LESSON 3 Steel parts
Folded plates need to be modeled as polybeams. You can modify the shape of a folded plate by selecting an appropriate chamfer symbol in the Chamfer Properties dialog box.
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1.
Create the contour plate. The first and second points you pick define the main axis of the plate.
First picked point Second picked point 2. 3. 4. Double-click the plate to open the Contour Plate Properties dialog box. Click the User-defined attributes... button and go to the Orientation tab. Select From 1st to 2nd creation point from the Main axis direction list.
5. 6. 7. 8.
Click Modify and OK to close the dialog box. Click OK to close the Contour Plate Properties dialog box. Click Drawings & Reports > Numbering > Number Modified Objects to update numbering. Create a single-part drawing of the contour plate to view the orientation.
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Main axis direction is Automatic. Main axis direction is From 1st to 2nd creation point.
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LESSON 4
In this lesson, you will learn the following things:
how to copy and move objects how to fine-tune the part shape how to use bolts how to split and combine parts how to create points how to work with cast units
>
LESSON 4
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Copy Move Tekla Structures has the following options for copying and moving objects:
Command
Edit > Copy or Ctrl + C Edit > Copy Special > Linear... Edit > Copy Special > Rotate... Edit > Copy Special > Mirror... Edit > Copy Special > To Another Plane Edit > Copy Special > To Another Object Edit > Copy Special > From Another Model...
Description Copies selected objects. Creates copies of selected objects at a specified distance from the original. Creates a copy and rotates it around any line or around the work plane z axis. Creates a mirrored copy of an object through a specified plane. Creates a copy on another plane using three specified points. Copies selected objects from one object to another. Copies selected objects from another model.
Command
Edit > Move or Ctrl + M Edit > Move Special > Linear... Edit > Move Special > Rotate...
Description Moves selected objects. Moves selected objects a specified distance. Moves the object and rotates it around any line or around the work plane z axis. Mirrors the object and moves it through a specified plane. Moves the object using three specified points. Moves selected objects from one object to another.
Edit > Move Special > Mirror... Edit > Move Special > To Another Plane Edit > Move Special > To Another Object
LESSON 4
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20.1 Copying
To copy an object: 1. 2. 3. Select the objects you want to copy. Click Edit > Copy, or click Pick the origin for the copying. .
4.
The objects are copied immediately. 5. To stop copying, click Edit > Interrupt or right-click and select Interrupt.
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1. 2. 3.
Select the objects you want to copy. Click Edit > Copy Special > Linear.... The Copy - Linear dialog box opens. Use one of the two options for entering the desired distance: Enter the distance directly in the Copy - Linear dialog box, or
4. 5.
Enter the number of copies. Click Copy. The selected objects are copied in the selected destination.
If the dialog box is open but the command is not active anymore, click the Pick button to re-activate the command.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
LESSON 4
Select Z or line in the Around list box to define whether you want to rotate around the z axis or around a line. Pick a point to define the rotation axis, or enter its coordinates in the Origin area. Enter the number of copies. If required, enter the dZ value, which is the difference in position between the original and copied object in the z direction. Enter the rotation angle. Click Copy to copy and rotate the objects.
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Example
Rotation point
The Rotate command is always more preferable than the Mirror command. Tekla Structures cannot create mirrored copies of component properties. The Edit > Copy Special > Mirror... command does not fully mirror objects if they include components with, for example, asymmetrically positioned parts. To copy and mirror an object: 1. 2. Select the objects you want to copy and mirror. Click Edit > Copy Special > Mirror.... The Copy - Mirror dialog box opens.
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LESSON 4
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3. 4. 5. 6.
Pick the start point of the mirroring plane, or enter its coordinates. Pick the end point of the mirroring plane, or enter its coordinates. Enter the angle. Click Copy. The objects are copied and mirrored.
Example
To copy an object to another plane: 1. Select the objects you want to copy.
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2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Click Edit > Copy Special > To Another Plane. Pick the point of origin of the first plane. Pick a point on the first plane in the positive x direction. Pick a point on the first plane in the positive y direction. Repeat steps 35 for all destination planes.
Select the objects. Define the origin and the position of the source object. Define the origin and position of the target object. Copied objects.
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LESSON 4
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To copy objects from another model: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Click Edit > Copy Special > From Another Model.... Select the model to copy from in the Model directories list. Enter the numbers of the phases from which to copy objects, separated by spaces. For example, 2 7. Click Copy. Close the dialog box. When you enter several phases, separate the different phase numbers with a space. If additional phases are not created, all the objects in the model are in phase one.
20.8 Moving
To move an objects: 1. 2. 3.
LESSON 4
Select the objects you want to move. Click Edit > Move, or click Pick the origin for moving. .
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4.
5.
4.
Use one of the two options for entering the desired distance: Enter the distance directly in the Move - Linear dialog box, or Pick an origin point and a destination point to set the distance.
Click Move. The selected objects are moved in the selected destination.
LESSON 4
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If the dialog box is open but the command is not active anymore, click the Pick button to re-activate the command.
4. 5. 6. 7.
Select Z or line in the Around list box to define whether you want to rotate around the z axis or around a line. Pick a point to define the rotation axis, or enter its coordinates in the Origin area. Enter the rotation angle. Click Move to rotate the objects around the defined line or axis to a new location.
The Rotate command is always more preferable than the Mirror command.
LESSON 4
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1. 2. 3. 4.
Select the objects you want to move and mirror. Click Edit > Move Special > Mirror.... The Move - Mirror dialog box opens. Pick the start point of the mirroring plane, or enter its coordinates and angle. Click Move. The objects are moved and mirrored.
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fit part end to fit a part to the selected fitting line cut part with line to reshape the end of a part cut part with another part to create part-shaped cuts
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21.1 Fittings
You can fit the end of a part by creating a straight cutting line between two points you pick. The shortest part of the part is deleted automatically. When you fit parts, ensure that the cutting plane is perpendicular to the model view. Use a plane view when fitting.
snap switch
Creating a fitting
To fit a part end: 1. 2. 3. 4. Click Detailing > Fit Part End. Select the part you want to cut with a fitting. Pick the first point of the cutting line. Pick the second point of the cutting line. Do not apply a second fitting on the same part end, because then Tekla Structures will ignore the first fitting. This happens if you use the Fit Part End command for cutting and try to make two cuts on the same part end. In situations like this, use the Cut Part commands instead.
Fitting symbol
You can shape the end of a part by using the Cut part with line command. A line cut cuts the end of a beam on a plane that passes through a line you pick. Several line cuts can be applied to one part end. In addition, a combination of one fitting and one or more line cuts can be applied. When you use the line cut for shortening, you have to select the side of the part which has to be removed.
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When you shorten parts in the longitudinal direction using a fitting or a line cut, the size of the profile is not changed in reports.
To cut a part with a line: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Click Detailing > Cut Part > With Line or click Select the part you want to cut. Pick the first point of the cutting line. Pick the second point of the cutting line. Select the side to be removed. .
Do not use cuts or fittings to change the length of a part, for the following reasons:
Cuts may cause shop errors, because cuts do not always affect part length when you export information to NC files. Fittings may cause problems with connections and details.
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2. 3. 4.
Select the part you want to cut. Select the cutting part. Tekla Structures cuts the selected main part. The part cut does not affect other parts.
Delete the cutting part. a Ensure that the Select cuts and fittings selection switch is off. b Select the cutting part and press Delete. Cuts are displayed using dash-and-dot lines. It is possible to double-click the cutting line and change its shape and size.
incorrect correct An error can also occur when you use the Round tube (23) component. To avoid any errors, set a slight rotation for the component. Unsolved errors may result in wrong part lengths and problems in drawing creation.
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The dash-and-dot lines are cutting lines. They can be used for copying the cutting shape.
You can create welds and fittings in multiple objects with one selection.
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To create welds and fittings in multiple objects: 1. 2. Click Detailing > Weld > Create Weld Between Parts. Select the main part and the secondary parts using area selection.
All five objects are now welded. You can now also fit all the five objects with one command.
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6.
22 Bolts
To create bolts, you can either create a single bolt group or apply a component that automatically creates bolt groups.
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LESSON 4 Bolts
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You can create different part marks for holes and bolts in drawings. You cannot use bolt elements (such as screws, washers, and nuts) while creating holes, as Tekla Structures uses the same command for creating bolts and holes.
LESSON 4 Bolts
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Option
Bolt size Bolt standard Bolt type Connect part/assembly Thread in material
Description Bolt diameter. Available diameters depend on the bolt standard chosen. Bolt assembly standard that is defined in the bolt catalog. Defines whether the bolts are assembled on-site or in the shop. Default setting is Site. Indicates whether you are bolting a secondary part or a sub-assembly. Indicates if the thread of the bolt can be inside the bolted parts.
LESSON 4 Bolts
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Option
Cut length
Description Indicates which parts the bolt connects. Tekla Structures searches for parts using half the cut length value, in both directions from the bolt group plane. If you want to force a bolt to a certain length, enter a negative value for cut length. Additional bolt length. The shape of the bolt group. The options are Array, Circle, and xy list. Bolt spacing, number, or coordinate, depending on the bolt group shape. Bolt spacing, group diameter, or coordinate, depending on the bolt group shape. Tolerance = Hole diameter - Bolt diameter Oversized or slotted. This list activates after you select Parts with slotted holes check boxes. X allowance of a slotted hole. Zero for a round hole. Y allowance of a slotted hole. Zero for a round hole. If the bolt connects several parts, you may want to rotate alternate holes by 90 degrees. Options are Odd, Even, and Parallel. Bolt group location relative to the bolt group x axis on the work plane. Defines how far the bolt group is rotated around the x axis, relative to the current work plane. Bolt group location relative to work plane. Offsets that move the bolt group by moving the bolt group x axis.
Extra length Shape Bolt dist X Bolt dist Y Tolerance Hole type Slotted hole X Slotted hole Y Rotate slots
Holes
Tekla Structures uses the same command for creating bolts and holes. Before creating holes, you need to change some of the properties in the Bolt Properties dialog box. If you want to create only holes without any bolts, clear all the Include in bolt assembly check boxes:
Round Oversized
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Slotted Tapped
To create a bolt group: 1. 2. Click Detailing > Bolts > Create Bolts or click . Select the shape of the bolt group in the Shape list. Bolt groups are rectangular by default, but you can also select Circle to create a circular bolt group. Select the main part to which the secondary parts will be bolted. Select the secondary parts. Click the middle mouse button to finish selecting parts. Pick a point, which is the bolt group origin. Pick a second point to indicate the bolt group x direction.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
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LESSON 4 Bolts
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LESSON 4 Bolts
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3. 4.
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LESSON 4 Bolts
If the bolt connects several parts, you can rotate alternate holes by 90 degrees by selecting one of the rotating options in the Rotate Slots list. Options to rotate the slots:
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You can split and combine parts in Tekla Structures. Tekla Structures retains the properties, attached objects, and connections even when parts are split.
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If necessary, you can create the points before selecting the parts. New start and end points are placed on the splitting points. If you have already carried out the numbering, the part and assembly number is allocated to the part that was closest to the initial start point of the part. The other part gets a new number.
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The space is filled when parts are combined. The furthest distance between the start and the end point. If the centerlines of the part are not in line with each other, the centerlines are combined by taking the largest distance between the start and end points from both parts.
When you combine parts, Tekla Structures retains the attached objects and connections. Tekla Structures does not recreate connections in the part that was selected first.
24 Points
To place an object in a model you may need to pick points. To place an object where no lines or objects intersect, you have the following options:
Use snapping commands. See Snapping (p. 28). Use construction planes, lines and circles. Create points.
To create points, use the buttons in the Points toolbar, or select a command from Modeling >
Add Points.
LESSON 4 Points
For more information on creating points and using construction planes, lines and circles, see Tekla Structures Help.
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25 Cast units
The concrete structures in Tekla Structures are modeled as single parts. By default, each part is considered a separate cast unit. For construction purposes you may need to merge several concrete parts into one cast unit. For example, a single cast unit could consist of a column with corbels. You need to specify which parts form the cast unit. Cast units can include reinforcement, as well as concrete parts. The main part in a concrete cast unit is the one with the largest volume of concrete. You can change the main part in a cast unit. There are two cast unit types:
Description Cast units that are built at another location and transported to their final location for placement in the full structure. Cast units that are constructed fully in their final location.
Cast-in-place
Tekla Structures checks the cast unit type of the main part each time you create or modify a cast unit. Tekla Structures does not mix precast and cast-in-place parts within a cast unit.
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Do not use fittings, line cuts, or polygon cuts to change the width of a cast unit.
Reinforcement
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Object type Steel part - main part Steel part - secondary part
2. 3. 4.
3.
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Right-click and select Create View, then select one of the options. Tekla Structures creates the cast unit view.
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Overlapping part planes in cast units Defining top-in-form face Orienting parts for drawings.
When you model cast units, the overlapping part lines are displayed in the model but can be invisible in drawings. If the parts do not overlap, the part edges are visible in drawings.
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The overlapping lines are visible in the model. The overlapping lines are invisible in the drawing.
Displaying overlapping lines in drawings
To display the overlapping lines in drawings: 1. 2. 3. 4. Click Tools > Options > Advanced Options... to open the Advanced Options dialog box. Select Concrete Detailing. Set the XS_DRAW_CAST_UNIT_INTERNAL_LINES advanced option to TRUE. Click OK.
You can set the distance within which Tekla Structures treats part lines inside cast units as overlapping lines. To do that: 1. 2. 3. 4. Go to the ..\Tekla Structures\<version>\nt\bin folder. Open the user.ini file with a text editor. Enter the set XS_HIDDEN_LINES_CHECK_TOLERANCE=0.1 advanced option. By changing the number the tolerance value is changed. Save the changes and close the text editor. The change comes into effect when you restart Tekla Structures.
Use the Rendered, Rendered (dark colors), or Hidden lines representation for parts when you define the top-in-form face in rendered views.
To define the top-in-form face of a concrete part: 1. 2. Click Modeling > Cast Unit > Set Top in Form Face. Select the part face which will face upwards in the form.
LESSON 4 Modeling tips for concrete parts
To show the top-in-form faces of concrete parts in a model view: 1. 2. Click Modeling > Cast Unit > Show Top in Form Face. Select the parts. Tekla Structures highlights the top-in-form faces in red.
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Start point End point If the pouring side needs to be on the other side of the building, you have to take that into account when you model the building.
LESSON 4 Modeling tips for concrete parts
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Start point End point To switch the side of the top-in-form face after a cast unit has been completed: 1. 2. 3. Double-click the part to open the properties dialog box. Click User-defined attributes.... Select Back from the Top in form face list.
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4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Click OK Click Drawings & Reports > Drawing Settings > Cast Unit Drawing... to open the Cast Unit Drawing Properties dialog box. Click the View... button to open the Cast Unit - View Properties dialog box. Go to the Attributes tab. Select Fixed from the Coordinate system list.
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LESSON 5
In this lesson, you will learn the following things:
how to modify the work area how to create, move, and delete clip planes how to use work planes how to use more advanced snapping features
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LESSON 5
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Pick the two points you want as corner points for the work area.
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2. 3.
Select an object in the list. Right-click and select a command from the pop-up menu. You can, for example, inquire or delete the object.
2. 3. 4.
Click Edit > Select All Objects or press Ctrl + A to select all points. Check the number of selected points in the status bar and press Delete. Click View > Fit Work Area > To Entire Model in Selected Views to fit the model in the work area.
Click File > Reference Model List... and select the reference model in the list. Click View > Fit Work Area > To Selected Parts in Selected Views. The work area is resized to the reference model. Move the reference model.
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28 Clip planes
Clip planes enable you to focus in on the required detail in the model. For example, you can use clip planes to see what is inside the model. You can create up to six clip planes in any rendered model view.
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3. 4.
Repeat step 2 to create as many clip planes as needed. To finish creating clip planes, press Esc, or right-click and select Interrupt.
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You can change the location of the clip plane symbol down the Shift key and dragging the symbol.
by holding
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29 Work plane
The red coordinate arrow symbol indicates the work plane, which is the local coordinate system of the model. The work plane also has its own grid, which can be used for positioning parts. Tekla Structures displays the work plane grid in dark red color. To display the work plane grid, select Work plane from the second list box on the Snapping toolbar.
The red arrow symbol shows the xy plane. The z direction follows the right-hand rule. You can shift the work plane to any position by picking points, parallel to one of the global basic planes, or on a part or view plane. When modeling sloped parts, shifting the work plane helps you to place parts accurately.
If you cannot see the arrow symbol because the parts block the view, press Ctrl + 2 to make the parts transparent.
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Select the Plane and enter the Depth coordinate. The depth coordinate defines the distance of the work plane from the global origin along a line that is perpendicular to the plane parallel to the third axis. The default depth coordinate value is 0. Click Change.
3.
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30 Advanced snapping
You can use advanced snapping features to control snapping accurately.
To display the toolbar, initiate a command that requires you to pick positions, and then do one of the following:
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See Numeric location coordinates (p. 107) for information on location coordinates.
Example
Polar coordinates
A distance, an angle on the xy plane, and an angle from the xy plane separated by angle brackets. Angles increase in the counterclockwise direction.
Absolute coordinates
Relative coordinates
One value
Two coordinates
If you omit the last coordinate (z) or angle, Tekla Structures assumes that the value is 0.
Three coordinates
You can create a temporary reference point to use as a local origin when snapping in models.
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To create a temporary reference point: 1. 2. 3. Initiate a command that requires you to pick positions. For example, create a beam. Pick the start point. Hold down the Ctrl key and pick a position. A green cross indicates that this position is now a temporary reference point.
4. 5.
Repeat step 3 to create as many reference points as needed. Release the Ctrl key and pick the end point. Tekla Structures creates the object between the starting point and the end point.
1. 2.
Click Modeling > Create Concrete Part > Beam and pick the start point. Snap to the start point and press Z to lock the z direction.
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Snap to the start point of the first beam. You can now snap to the extension line of the first beams start point.
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6. 7.
Pick the start point for the second beam on the extension line. Snap to the end point of the first beam. You can now snap on the extension line of the first beam end point. The snap point is parallel to the first beam, when a blue line runs through the beam.
8.
Pick the end point for the second beam on the extension line. You have created two parallel and equally long beams.
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Enter a distance from the temporary reference point and press Enter or click OK. The start point of the beam is picked. Move the pointer in the direction of the end point of the beam.
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Right-click to select an option from the pop-up menu or use the Snap Override toolbar to temporarily override the snap settings.
4.
Move the pointer in the direction of the end point of the beam.
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5.
Enter the length of the beam and press Enter or click OK. The beam is created.
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LESSON 6
In this lesson, you will learn the following things:
how to use the component catalog how to create and modify components how to create component default views how to use the material catalog how to use the profile catalog
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31 Component catalog
The component catalog contains all the components. To open the component catalog, click Detailing > Component > Component Catalog... (Create Component) or press Ctrl + F. You can browse for the components or search by using terms and keywords.
Search View folders View details View thumbnails Show / hide descriptions Create a component using the component tool you used last with its active properties. Enter the search term here. Use the list to view component groups, such as bracing connections and reinforcements.
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Component description Double-click the name to set the properties and create the component.
It is useful to view the thumbnail images in the component catalog. Most system components have a default thumbnail image, which shows you a typical situation where the component can be used.
32 Components
Components are tools that you can use to automatically create parts, embeds, or reinforcements required to connect parts. You can also use components to add reinforcing bars to parts. They are linked to main parts, so, when you modify a main part, the associated component also changes. Components are divided into three sub-types:
Description Connects two or more parts, and creates all the required objects such as cuts, fittings, parts, bolts, and welds. Adds a detail or a reinforcement to a main part. A detail is only connected to one part. When you create a detail, Tekla Structures prompts you to select a part, followed by a point to locate the detail. Automatically creates and assembles the parts to build a structure, but does not connect the structure to existing parts. Modeling tools can include connections and details.
Examples Two-sided clip angle, bolted gusset. Corbel connection (14) Stiffeners, base plates, lifting hooks Beam reinforcement, pad footing reinforcement Stairs, frames, towers
Symbol
Detail
Modeling tool
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LESSON 6 Components
The settings of a component can be saved to a file. The settings can be used in other projects. When you modify a part, all details and connections attached to that part are updated automatically. When you copy or move objects, all associated details and components are also copied or moved.
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2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Color
Tip
Green Component created, but has problems Yellow Component creation failed A common reason is that the up direction is not appropriate. For more information, see Tekla Structures Help. Red Often occurs when bolts or holes have an edge distance less than the default value for that component.
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You can recognize the properties file by checking the file extension. For example, if you save the properties of the End plate detail (1002) component, the file extension is j1002.
Type Conceptual
Symb ol
Description Conceptual component does not create assemblies or cast units. The dialog box is the same as in detailed component, but does not contain options for part and assembly positions. Detailed component contains part and assembly numbering fields and creates needed assemblies and cast units.
Detailed
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32.6 Example
Two examples of using a component are presented here. In the first example, a corbel connection is created between a column and a beam. In the second example, the corbel connection is modified.
6.
1.
is active.
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2. 3.
Double click the corbel connection component. The component properties dialog box opens. On the Picture tab, select a shape for the corbel connection from the list.
4.
You can create several views of a component to view it from different viewpoints. To create views of a component:
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1. 2.
Click the component symbol to select the component. To create views, right-click and select Create View > Default Views of Component from the pop-up menu. Tekla Structures creates four views: front, end, top, and perspective.
To check dimensions, such as bolt locations and edge distances, work in the Component front view and use the Measure tool.
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34 Material catalog
The material catalog contains information on material grades. You can open the Modify Material Catalog dialog box by clicking Modeling > Material Catalog.... Materials are displayed in a hierarchical tree grouped according to, for example, steel and concrete. Material grades are located under the materials in the tree. You can view material grade properties by clicking them in the tree.
The Modify Material Catalog dialog box contains information on the materials on four tabs:
The General tab The Analysis tab The Design tab The User attributes tab
Description The General tab has boxes for three alternative names for the material. These are usually the material names used in different countries or standards. It also contains the profile and plate density values. The Analysis tab has information on the properties used in structural analysis. The structure is analyzed using the Finite Element Method.
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Description The Design tab has information on the designspecific properties such as strengths and partial safety factors. The User attributes tab can be used to create your own attributes for material grades.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Click Modeling > Material Catalog.... The Modify Material Catalog dialog box opens. Select a material grade that is similar to the one that you want to create. Right-click the material grade and select Copy Grade from the pop-up menu. Change the material name. Modify the material grade properties. Click OK to save the material grade and exit the dialog box. Click OK in the save confirmation dialog box to save the changes in the Material Catalog. Click Modeling > Material Catalog.... The Modify Material Catalog dialog box opens. Change the material grade name in the Selected grade box. Enter the material grade properties. Click OK to save the material grade and exit the dialog box. Click OK in the save confirmation dialog box to save the changes in the Material Catalog.
Option 2
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
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35 Profile catalog
The profiles in the Modify Profile Catalog dialog box are displayed in a tree structure. They are grouped according to rules such as profile type (for example, I profiles) and profile sub-type (for example, HEA).
Different icons denote profile types, rules and profiles within the tree:
Icon
Rule
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Icon
The copied profile name is added with COPY after its name. 5. 6. 7. 8. Edit the profile name in the Profile name box. Enter the correct values in the Value column. Click Update and OK. Click OK in the Save confirmation dialog box.
Click Modeling > Profiles > Profile Catalog.... Select the profile you want to modify. Modify dimensions in the Value column. Click Update and OK. Click OK in the Save confirmation dialog box.
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36 Parametric profiles
You can use parametric profiles to model profiles that are standard in a specific environment, but do not exist in the Tekla Structures profile catalog. Parametric profiles are partly userdefinable and they have a predefined shape, but you determine their size by giving one or more parameters. Tekla Structures includes several parametric profiles, such as gutter profiles or spheres.
Parametric profiles are not polybeams. They cannot be unfolded and a flat pattern cannot be created.
User-defined profiles
Tekla Structures includes a cross section sketch editor that you can use to create and modify your own profile cross sections. The cross sections you create using the cross section sketch editor can be parametric or fixed. You can change the dimensions of parametric cross sections each time you use them in a model.
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LESSON 7
In this lesson, you will learn the following things:
how to enter project information how to switch between single and multi-user modes how to check the model how to make inquiries about objects how to represent objects in model views how to use the phase manager
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LESSON 7
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The contents of the Tekla Structures Project (1) dialog box depend on the Tekla Structures environment. The default tabs and options of the dialog box are different in different Tekla Structures environments.
4. 5.
Click OK to save your changes and close the Tekla Structures Project (1) dialog box. Click OK to save your changes and close the Project Properties dialog box.
To open a multi-user model in single-user mode: 1. 2. Click File > Open... to open the Open dialog box. Select the multi-user model. The Model type column indicates whether the model is a single-user or a multi-user model. The button with three men indicates a multi-user model.
3.
Opening singleuser model in multi-user mode
Right-click and select Open as single-user model from the pop-up menu.
To open a single-user model in multi-user mode: 1. 2. 3. 4. Click File > Open... to open the Open dialog box. Select the single-user model. Right-click and select Open as multi-user model from the pop-up menu. Tekla Structures prompts for the name of the server. In the Open as multi-user model dialog box, enter the server name or select it from the list, and then click OK.
LESSON 7 Switching between single-user and multi-user modes
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1. 2.
IFC DWG DGN Click Tools > Clash Check Manager. In the model, select the objects you want to include in the clash check. Alternatively, if you are using Model Organizer, select the sections and storys for which you want to run the clash check. Right-click and select Select in the Model.
Do not run the clash check for the entire model. For best results, run the clash check only for appropriate sections and storys.
3.
Click to check the objects. You can continue working during the clash check. When the clash check is complete, the status bar message changes from Clash checking in progress to Ready. To highlight a clash in the model, select a row in the list of clashes. The related model objects are selected.
4.
If you cannot find the clashes in the model, change the representation of objects to Show Only Selected (Ctrl+5) for better visibility.
5. 6.
To zoom the active view so that the selected objects are shown in the center of the view, double-click a row. If you want to include more objects in the clash check, select the desired model objects and re-run clash check. New clashes are appended to the end of the list.
After removing or modifying objects, you can re-run clash check to see if the clash still exists. To do this, select the desired rows in the list of clashes and re-run clash check.
LESSON 7 Checking the model
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The Fly command only works rendered views with Projection set to Perspective.
To fly through a model: 1. Set view projection to Perspective. a Double-click the view to open the View Properties dialog box. b In the Projection list box, select Perspective. c Click Modify. Click View > Fly. Select a view. The mouse pointer changes into an arrow and a cross. The arrow indicates the current flying direction.
2. 3.
4.
Drag the mouse to move around in the model. To fly forward, move the mouse forward.
To change the flying direction, drag the mouse in the desired direction. The flying speed grows exponentially when you are approaching the model from a distance. To move up or down, hold down Ctrl and drag the mouse forward or backward. To change the camera angle, scroll with the mouse wheel. To fly in the in the direction of the camera angle, hold down Shift and scroll forward or backward.
5.
Bolt, nut, washer, and material lists ID lists The main feature of the ID lists is that the lines that contain profiles can be selected. As a result, the accompanying profile will be highlighted in the model. This is useful if a profile is hard to locate. User-defined attributes list A user-defined attribute list can be used to check that the correct profiles are shortened.
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To check using reports: 1. 2. 3. 4. Click Drawings & Reports > Numbering > Number Series of Selected Objects. Click Drawings & Reports > Create Report..., or click The Report dialog box opens. Select a report from the report templates Click Create from all or Create from selected button. .
Use the Inquire object command to display the properties of a particular object, or group of objects, within the model. To inquire object properties:
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1. 2.
Click Tools > Inquire > Object, or click . Select an object. The object can be, for example, a part, a bolt, a component, or a weld. The Inquire object dialog box opens. It displays the relevant information regarding the object. The information displayed depends on the selected object. The selected object and all parts of the object are highlighted.
Inquiring bolts
You can use the Bolt Parts command to display parts that belong to a bolt group. With this command you can also change the parts that belong to a bolt group. To inquire parts in bolt groups: 1. 2. Select the bolts. Right-click and select Bolt Parts from the pop-up menu. Main parts are highlighted with red and secondary parts with yellow.
3.
Click Edit > Undo, or click . The part and the accompanying objects are displayed.
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When calculating the center of gravity of an object, bolts and welds are not taken into account whereas polygon cuttings, part cuttings, fittings, and line cuts are taken into account in the calculation.
To inquire the center of gravity: 1. 2. Select an object. Click Tools > Inquire > Center of Gravity.
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3.
Changing the settings in the Object Representation dialog box affects all model views.
This example shows how to create a new object group where all columns will be represented in blue with 70% transparency. To create object representation settings: 1. 2. Click View > Representation > Object Representation.... The Object Representation dialog box opens. Click the Add row button. A second object group is added. Initially, the new object group has the same properties as the first object group. In the Object group list box, select All to activate the arrow button. Click the arrow button to open a drop down menu. The drop down menu contains all the default options for object groups. Select Create new group... from the list. The Object Group - Representation dialog box opens.
LESSON 7 Representing objects in model views
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
In the Category list box, select Part. In the Property list box, select Name. The part name is used for selecting columns. In the Condition list box, select Equals. In the Value list box, enter COLUMN. Note that all the letters must be capitalized. In the box next to the Save as button, enter a name for the group. For example, column. You will be able to reuse the new object condition in other models.
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11.
Click Close. The Object Group - Representation dialog blox closes. Note that the Object Representation dialog box is still open. In the Object Representation dialog box, in the Color list box, click Color by class to activate the arrow button. Click the arrow button and select blue color from the drop down menu. In the Transparency list box, click Visible list box to activate the arrow button. Click the arrow button and select 70% transparent from the drop down menu. Click Modify.
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Click Define Custom Colors and create a color of your own: a Click a color in the color window and then click the desired color depth on the color bar on the right, or enter RGB values.
b c
Click Add to Custom Colors. Click the color in the Custom colors palette to select it.
6. Click OK. 7. Select the desired Transparency option. 8. Click Save to save the changes. 9. Click Modify to change the representation of the objects. When you open the Object Representation dialog box the next time, the Color list shows a maximum10 colors that you last defined above the dashed line.
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42 Phase Manager
Use phases to break up a model into sections. Only parts can be split into phases. Phases are often used to indicate erection sequences. You can create reports and views, hide objects, and copy objects from other models, according to their phase number. Used the Phase Manager dialog box to create phases. You can open the Phase Manager dialog box from Tools > Phase Manager... or by using the shortcut Ctrl + H.
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Option The Number box The Name box The Filter button
Description You can enter the number of the phase in the Number box. You can enter the name of the phase in the Name box. You can use the Filter button to filter the listed phases by the number and/or criteria that has been entered in the Number and Name boxes. The Set Current button determines to which phase the object belongs. The current phase is indicated by @ character. The Add button can be used to create new phases. The Delete button can be used to delete phases. The Phases by objects button can be used to determine in which phase(s) the selected object(s) belong to. If you select objects that belong to several phases, they are highlighted in the Phase Manager. The Objects by phases button can be used to determine which objects belong to the selected phase. The object will be highlighted in the model. The Modify phase button can be used to change the phase for one or more objects.
The Add button The Delete button The Phases by objects button
4.
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LESSON 8
In this lesson, you will learn the following things:
how to define custom components how to use reference models how to publish models as web pages how to open models in Model Reviewer
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LESSON 8
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43 Custom components
Tekla Structures contains lots of predefined components that can be used for creating details and connections. However, you can create your own custom components, if Tekla Structures does not contain required components. When you have created a custom component, you can use it the same way as any Tekla Structures system component.
Type
Connectio n
Description Creates connection objects and connects secondary part(s) to a main part. Component symbol is green.
Example
Detail
Creates detail objects and connects them to a main part at a picked location. Component symbol is green.
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Type
Seam
Description Creates seam objects and connects parts along a line picked with two points. Component symbol is green.
Example
Part
Creates a group of objects which may contain connections and details. Gets no symbol, has same position properties as beams.
Before you can define a custom component, you need to create a sample component in the model containing all the necessary component objects, such as parts, fittings, and bolts.
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To define a custom component: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Click Detailing > Component > Define Custom Component... to open the Custom Component Wizard. Select the Type and enter other properties as required. Click Next. Select the objects that the custom component will create. Click Next. The next step depends on the Type you selected. Follow the instructions in the Custom Component Wizard. Click Finish to create the custom component. The custom component appears in the component catalog.
To export a custom component to a file: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Click Detailing > Component > Component Catalog... (Create Component) or press Ctrl + F to open the component catalog. Select Custom from the list to display all the custom components. Right-click the custom component and select Export... from the pop-up menu. The Export components dialog box opens. Enter the name for the file and select the folder where the file is saved in. By default, the file extension is .uel. Click OK to export the file.
Importing
To import a custom component: 1. 2. 3. Click Detailing > Component > Component Catalog... (Create Component) or press Ctrl + F to open the component catalog. Right-click the component list and select Import... from the pop-up menu. The Import Components dialog box opens. Browse for the file you want to import, select the file and click OK. The custom component is available in the component catalog.
44 Reference models
A reference model is a file which helps you to build a Tekla Structures model. A reference model is created in Tekla Structures or another software or modeling tool and imported to Tekla Structures. For example, an architectural model, a plant design model, or a heating, ventilating and airconditioning (HVAC) model can be used as a reference model. Reference models can also be simple 2D drawings that are imported and then used as a layout to directly build the model on.
LESSON 8 Reference models
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MicroStation (*.dgn, *.prp) Cadmatic models (*.3dd) IFC files (*.IFC) IGES files (*.igs, *.iges) STEP files (*.stp, *.STEP) Tekla WebViewer XML files (*.xml)
You can snap to reference model geometry. Tekla Structures loads the reference model from the file each time you open your model. It does not save the reference model when you save the current model. The filename extension of a saved reference model properties file is *.rop.
2. 3.
Click Browse... next to the File name box to browse for the reference model file. Set the scale of the reference model, if it is different from the one in the Tekla Structures (for example, if it uses different measurement units). Set the scale for a DWG or a DXF file already in AutoCAD. When you define the measurement unit for a DWG or a DXF file and save the file in AutoCAD, the unit is recognized in Tekla Structures and the reference model is scaled correctly.
4. 5.
Click OK. Pick the position for the reference model origin.
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3. 4.
In the Import dialog box, select the updated file and click OK. Click Modify.
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You can also update all the reference models in one go. To update all reference models: 1. 2. Click File > Reference Model List... to open the Reference Models dialog box. Click Reload All. Tekla Structures goes through all the reference models and regenerates the reference models that have a newer modified date than the one already in the cache. However, this is not the recommended way to update reference models since it is time-consuming and affects the system performance.
1. 2. 3.
IFC (.ifc) Cadmatic (.3dd) WebViewer (.xml) DWG (.dwg) Select the reference model and double-click it to display the Reference Object
Properties dialog box.
Browse for the name of the old file by clicking the Browse... button next to the Old file
name box.
Select an option in the Show list in the Change detection section. For example, select Changed to see the changed objects in a reference model.
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4.
Click Display.... Tekla Structures highlights the changed reference model objects.
Example
The following example shows how the changes are displayed in the reference model: The old file:
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The Show option has been set to Changed in the Reference Object Properties dialog box:
Large, highly-detailed reference models contain lots of snap points. To speed up snapping, activate only the snap switches you need. Split large reference models into smaller ones and display only the parts you need in the model.
45 Recording a macro
Tekla Structures enables you to record a series of actions from menu, dialog boxes, and shortcuts.
LESSON 8 Recording a macro
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To record a macro: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Click Tools > Macros... to open the Macros dialog box. Enter a Macro name. Click Record. Perform the actions you want to record. Click Stop to stop recording.
Macros are saved as *.cs files, in the folder defined with the advanced option XS_MACRO_DIRECTORY in the environment-specific initialization files.
The recorded macro is saved in the drawings or modeling folders, depending on in which mode the macro was recorded in.
Macros are based on C# commands and in case you want to edit macros, knowledge of C# programming is needed.
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46 WebViewer
You can publish your Tekla Structures models as web pages that can be viewed via the Internet using a web browser. The WebViewer files can also be used as reference models.
2. 3. 4.
If you want to publish a web page of selected parts, select Selected parts. Change the page title if required. In the File name box, enter the destination path and file name for the published model. By default, Tekla Structures creates a PublicWeb folder with sub-folders in the current model folder, and places the published model there.
LESSON 8 WebViewer
5.
Click Publish. If you select the Open in browser check box, the model opens in your web browser.
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Easily pan, rotate, zoom, and fly through the model See important part information Fly through a set of saved locations in the model to present it to the project team Use clip planes to slice through walls and crowded areas of the model Email models easily to other parties Create and manage markups (redlines) of specific areas in the model Visually track project statuses with different colors in the model
You can use the Model Reviewer tool to improve project communication. In Tekla Structures, you can publish a model in .wrm, .xml or .zsol format. You can then send the published model to other project participants. After installing the tool, those involved in the project can open the model and add comments to it. You can download and install Model Reviewer from Teklas website. Go to http:// www.tekla.com/international/solutions/building-construction/Pages/web-models-modelreviewer.aspx and click the Free Download link. To learn more, watch the introductory video on the download page.
When you save the model and the markups in Model Reviewer, the file is saved in .wmr format.
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LESSON 9
In this lesson, you will learn the following things:
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48 Reinforcements
You can add reinforcements to concrete parts to strengthen the parts. The Concrete toolbar contains three commands used for reinforcement:
Description Not tapered One bar dimension changes linearly in the group. One bar dimension changes linearly. The dimension is longest in the middle of the group. One bar dimension changes along a curve. The dimension is longest in the middle of the group. One bar dimension changes linearly between N ridges. Enter the number of ridges in the Number of cross sections box in the Group tab of the Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box. The reinforcing bars rise in a polygonal or circular shape along the longitudinal axis of the part.
Spiral
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You can use the Group tab in the Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box for selecting and modifying the reinforcing group types.
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Distribution area
In addition to the shape of the reinforcing bars, you need to define the distribution area of the reinforcing bars. The distribution area points can be positioned on the outer contour of the concrete part. Usually, the distribution area is perpendicular to the plane so the cover thickness on the sides can be defined in the From plane box in the Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box.
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The selection order of the handles, which determines the cover area, is important when the bars are placed. The bars are placed on the right side of a line that is defined by the two selected handles.
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The example shows the placing of the handles for the top and bottom reinforcements in a beam:
First handle Plane The example on right shows the reinforcing bars outside the concrete. You can prevent this by entering a negative value in the On plane box in the Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box. The General tab in the Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box contains the same options for both a single reinforcing bar and a reinforcing bar group. However, the Group tab contains additional options for defining the properties of a reinforcing bar group. If you open the Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box for a single reinforcing bar, the Group tab is disabled.
Distribution of bars
You can define the way the bars are distributed over the cover area by selecting the Creation method list.
Equal distribution by number of reinforcing bars: This option is used for main reinforcement bars in beams. The spacing of the bars is based on the number of the bars. The spacing is the available distance divided by the number of the bars. The available distance is cover area minus two times the value in the On plane box.
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Equal distribution by target spacing value: You can enter a spacing value. Tekla Structures aims the spacing value as closely as possible at the user-defined spacing value. The spacing value is set to 150. The available distance for the bars is 1150 mm. This makes 1150/150 = 7,6 bars. The value will be rounded to 8. 1150/8 = 143.75. The calculated spacing value of the bars is 143.75 mm. By exact spacing value with flexible first/last/middle space: Creates fixed, regular spaces between the bars. One space adjusts to even out the bar distribution. You can choose whether the adjusted space is the first, last, or the middle space. By exact spacing value with flexible first and last space:Tekla Structures calculates the number of bars and places with the defined spacing. The remaining spacing value is divided equally to the first and last bar spacing. By exact spacing: You can enter every spacing value manually. Use the multiplication character to repeat spacings, for example, 5*200 to create five spaces of 200.
Equally distributed reinforcing bars Exact spacing with flexible first space Exact spacing with flexible first and last space Exact spacing
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The following example displays two reinforcing bar groups that have been added to a concrete beam.
Two reinforcing bar groups with flexible end and/or start value. The last and first bar omitted
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2.
Make the necessary modifications in the Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box. You can set the series and start numbers for the reinforcing bars. In addition, you can enter values for Size (diameter), Grade, and Bending radius. Select the reinforcing bar color by entering the color number in the Class box. We recommend you use this feature, because the 3D view will be clearer if all reinforcing bars are the same color. Define a hook or a splice for the reinforcing bar. Modify the values displayed in the Select Reinforcing Bar dialog box. Define the reinforcing bar cover thickness. Click OK. Select the part to reinforce. Tekla Structures attaches the reinforcing bar to the part.
3.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
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9. 10. 11.
Pick the start point for the reinforcing bar. Pick the other reinforcing bar reference points. Click the middle mouse button to finish picking.
2.
Select a hook type from the Shape lists. A hook does not have to be modeled. It is added to the reinforcing bar automatically. If a standard hook is selected, the Angle, Radius, and Length boxes are not active. These values are read from the rebar_database.inp file. If a Custom hook selected, you can define the values. Define the values for the custom hook a Enter a value between -180 and +180 degrees in the Angle box. b Enter the internal bending radius of the hook in the Radius box. c Enter the length of the straight part in the hook to the Length box.
3.
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or the
button.
The Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box opens. 2. Define the reinforcing bar cover thickness in the Cover thickness area of the
Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box.
On plane, that is, the distance from beams bottom, top, and side surfaces to the bar. From plane, that is, the distance from the end surface of the beam to the bar. In the longitudinal direction of the bar, that is, start and end.
To define different cover thicknesses on the different legs of a reinforcing bar, enter a thickness value for each leg in the On plane field, in the order you pick points to create the bar. 3. Click OK.
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2.
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Click the Select button in the Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box. The Select Reinforcing Bar dialog box opens.
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3.
Select the bar size for the chosen grade. You can also define whether the bar is a main bar or a stirrup or tie. You can modify the values displayed in the Select Reinforcing Bar dialog box in rebar_database.inp file. The file is located in ..\Tekla Structures\<version>\environments\<environment>\profil folder. You can edit the file with any standard text editor. For steel grades, every diameter is listed twice in the file: once as main and once as tie/ stirrup. The column Min bend radius contains the bending mandrel that is used if the bar is bended in the model. If a bar is bended with an angle of 90, 135, or 180 degrees, the column r contains the accompanying mandrels. If you change the values in the Size column, you can change the diameter of the reinforcing bar. The mandrel will keep its original diameter.
4. 5.
Click OK to close the Select Reinforcing Bar dialog box. Click OK to close the Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box.
Next time you open Reinforcing Bar Properties, the active settings are used. If you have stored several sets of properties, you need to select an option from the list next to the Load button and load the appropriate set of properties.
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If the concrete part is created using multiple points and with the intention to create a curved part by changing the chamfer properties, then it is recommended to create snap points to create the curved reinforcing bars. Always place the curved reinforcing bars using the working points of the concrete part and set the On plane option to the correct position.
The radius is automatically calculated from these three points. 4. 5. Pick two points to indicate the distribution direction of the bars. The circular reinforcing bar group is created. Click Detailing > Properties > Reinforcement > Reinforcing Bar.... The Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box opens. To define the splice length of the round stirrups, enter negative values in the Start and End boxes.
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6.
Click OK.
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You can select various meshes in the Reinforcement Mesh Properties dialog box. The standard mesh properties are in defined in the mesh_database_inp file located in the ..\Tekla Structures\<version>\environments\<environment>\profil folder.
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2. 3. 4.
Enter or modify the strand properties. Define the pre-stress load in the Pull per strand box. In the Number of cross sections box, enter a number based on the strand profile. There are four strand profile options:
Strand profile
pattern 2
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Strand profile
pattern 4
5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Define the lengths of the debonding zones. Click OK. Click Detailing > Create Reinforcement > Reinforcement Strand Pattern. Select the part to which you are creating strands. Pick points to position the strands, for example, at the end of a part.
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The corner is used as an origin for defining the location of the points. 3. Enter the coordinates for points under the Coordinates area in the Point Array dialog box.
4.
2. 3.
Modify the properties if required and click OK. Select the beam to reinforce.
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4.
Pick all the points which are positioned on the beam end.
5. 6.
Click the middle mouse button to finish picking. Pick two points to define the length of the strands.
7.
Click the middle mouse button to finish picking. The reinforcement strand is created.
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To create a reinforcement splice: 1. 2. 3. 4. Click Detailing > Create Reinforcement > Reinforcement Splice. Select the first reinforcing bar or bar group. Select the second reinforcing bar or bar group. Optional: Modify the splice properties. a Click Detailing > Properties > Reinforcement > Reinforcement Splice.... The Reinforcement Splice Properties dialog box opens.
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b c
Moving a splice
If needed, you can move the splice along reinforcing bars. To move the splice: 1. 2. 3. Select the splice symbol. Right-click and select Move. Pick an origin and a destination point for the splice.
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4. 5.
LESSON 9 Custom reinforcement component example
Go to the Group tab. Modify the properties on the Group tab as shown below.
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6. 7. 8.
Click Apply. Select the column. Pick the corners of the column to define the shape of the reinforcement. Follow the sequence shown below. Click the middle mouse button to finish.
9.
Pick the top and bottom levels to define the range of the reinforcement. Click the middle mouse button to create the first reinforcing bar group.
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10.
Modify the properties under the Cover thickness area in the Reinforcing Bar Properties dialog box as shown below.
Click Apply. Select the column. Pick the corners of the column to define the shape of the reinforcement. Follow the sequence shown below. Click the middle mouse button to finish.
14.
Pick the top and bottom levels to define the range of the reinforcement. Click the middle mouse button to create the second reinforcing bar group.
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For more information on custom components, see Custom components (p. 146).
50 Reinforcement tips
Adding reinforcements to identical cast units is not always necessary. For example, if there are 20 cast units in a model, you can add reinforcements to all twenty cast units. In some cases, it is possible to reinforce just one cast unit. Advantages of reinforcing just one cast unit:
The model is better organized because it contains less reinforcements. The database is smaller because the model contains less reinforcements. Less chance on numbering differences because there are less reinforcements. Numbering of the model is faster. Copying reinforcements and using custom components is not needed. Applying model changes is quick. There is no need to modify multiple reinforcements.
Disadvantages of reinforcing just one cast unit: Incorrect reinforcement weight. Elements that have identical shapes but different reinforcements receive identical cast unit numbers.
You can create cast unit drawings of the reinforced cast units. If the drawing has already been created and the reinforcements need to be added in at a later stage, you can find the ID number of the cast unit by using the Inqure Object command and add the reinforcing bars in the particular cast unit.
LESSON 9 Reinforcement tips
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51 Reinforcement components
Tekla Structures contains various reinforcing components that you can use to create reinforcing bars and bar groups.
The Beam reinforcement (63) component creates the stirrups and the top, bottom, and side reinforcements in one go. If the size of the beam changes, the reinforcement adapts to the new dimensions.
The cover thickness for the stirrups needs to be defined in the properties dialog box. The positioning of the bars in longitudinal direction is automatically determined by the component.
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For the main reinforcement (top and bottom), the number and diameter of bars can be set individually. For T profiles or beams with a ridge, multiple stirrup groups can be generated.
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The stirrup distances can be defined on the Stirrup spacing tab. You can add more stirrups on places where bigger shear forces occur. You can set the number of stirrups and stirrup distances for the different zones. It is possible to create different stirrups in two ledges. To do so, select Different Each Ledge from the Ledge stirrups list to activate the Upper ledge stirrups boxes. The Ledge Stirrup Spacing Type list contains two options to define the spacing of ledge stirrups:
Target: Tekla Structures creates equal spaces between the bars aiming the spacing value as closely as possible to the value you specify. This is the default option. Exact: The first and last space of a zone adjust themselves to even out bar distribution. The spaces in the middle of each zone are exactly the size you specify.
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The Rebar in beam (90) component is a versatile component that is used to add reinforcement bars to a beam. Besides all the options that are available with the Beam reinforcement (63) component, the Rebar in beam (90) can also bend the bars at the start or end part of the beam.
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Starter bars for pillar (86) Slab bars (18) Hole reinforcement for slabs and walls (84), Beam end reinforcement (79), and Rectangular column reinforcement (83)
Hole reinforcement for slabs and walls (84) Beam end reinforcement (79) Rectangular column reinforcement (83)
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LESSON 10
This lesson contains reference material that you can use when needed.
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52 Component examples
You can browse the component examples in this lesson to see the various component options Tekla Structures offers. This material is presented as reference only.
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foundation block
connected to a column
default console
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console in panel
corbel connection
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concrete console
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connection + seam
recesses
sloped connections
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connection + anchors
sloped connection
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Anchor (10)
default connection
sloped connection
gutter + elevation
chamfers
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default beam
default panel
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Inbedded (1008)
anchor bars
several anchors
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define rabbet
several openings
adding insulation
braced girders
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floor
panel
plate geometry
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beam
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default plate
pins on top
pins
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beam end
teeth
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default
reinforcement
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footing plate
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default
default
plate
default
corbel
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default
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Example
square step size stringers on both sizes top and bottom landings
A staircase with:
A staircase with:
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Haunch (40)
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Stiffeners (1003)
Stub (1011)
Use the bolt delete option to determine which holes are deleted from the stub.
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one truss
copied If you modify the original objects, for example, a column, Tekla Structures changes the copied objects as well.
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LESSON 11
In this lesson, you will learn the following things:
how to use Tekla Structures Help how to save your favorite Help topics
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Click Help > Tekla Structures Help. Press F1. If you have a dialog box open, pressing F1 takes you straight to the related topic.
If you want to quickly learn how to use Help and its seach functionalities efficiently, watch the
Using Help video tutorial on the Help homepage.
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1. 2.
Go to the Contents tab. Click a Help topic to open it, or double-click a closed book icon to display the subtopics.
3.
Use the red arrow buttons to move to the next or previous topic.
To open or close all books on the Contents tab, right-click one of the topics and select Open all or Close all from the pop-up menu.
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To Display the search results in alphabetical order Display the location of a topic in the hierarchical list of topics Find a specific word or phrase in the open topic Move forward and backward through previously viewed topics Show or hide the navigation pane Disable the highlighting of search terms in the search results Return to the Help cover page
Do this Click the Title column heading. Click Locate on the Help toolbar. Click the topic and press Ctrl + F. Click Forward or Back on the Help toolbar. Click Show or Hide on the Help toolbar. Click Options > Search Highlight Off. Click Home on the Help toolbar.
Search filter
Search previous results
Description Narrows down the search results. The next search will be performed within the topics that were found in the previous search. Includes topics that contain words similar to your search term. For example, also the plural form of the word is included in the search. Searches for words only in topic titles. If the search term appears only in the body of a topic, it is not included in the search results.
To enable or disable a search filter, select or clear the corresponding check box on the Search tab.
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