Renewable Energy Country Profiles: January 2013 Edition

RENEWABLE ENERGY COUNTRY PROFILES
ASIA
January 2013 edition

w w w.irena .org
IRENA Renewable Energy Country Profiles take stock of the latest developments in the field of renewables at country level around the world. Each profile combines analysis by IRENAs specialists with the latest available country data and additional information from a wide array of sources. The resulting reports provide a brief yet comprehensive picture of the situation with regard to renewable energy, including energy supply, electrical generation and grid capacity, and access. Energy policies, targets and projects are also considered, along with each countrys investment climate and endowment with renewable energy resources. The energy statistics presented here span the period from 2009 until 2012, reflecting varying timelines in the source material. Since data availability differs from country to country, wider regional comparisons are possible only for the latest year with figures available for every country included. Despite the time lag in some cases, the evident differences and disparities between countries and regions around the world remain striking. The current package of country profiles is just a starting point. The geographic scope will continue to expand, and existing profiles will be enhanced with new indicators, with the whole series maintained as a live product on the IRENA website (www.irena.org). Your feedback on both the format and the content of these country profiles would be greatly appreciated. Please address any comments to statistics@irena.org.
RENEWABLE ENERGY COUNTRY PROFILE
AFGHANISTAN
Figure 1: GDP per capita for 2010
34.4 million Population (2010) 17.2 billion USD GDP (2010) 501 USD GDP per capita (2010)
Figure 2: Electricity use per capita for 2009
10,000
USD per capita
6,000
kWh per capita
1,500 1,000 500 0
2,000
501
Afghanistan
Southern Asia
Asia
World
Southern Asia includes Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Asia includes Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, the Republic of Korea, Kyrgyzstan, the Lao Peoples Democratic Republic, Malaysia, the Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Vietnam.
ENERGY NATIONAL PROFILE 2009

Total Primary Energy Supply: 64.8 PJ - Of which renewables: 19.6 PJ (30.2%) Energy self-sufficiency: 34.9% Fuel imports*: 37 million USD (0.8% of total imports) Electricity generation: 938.0 GWh - Of which renewables: 775.0 GWh (82.6%) Electricity use per capita: 49 kWh Electrical capacity: 489 MW - Of which renewables: 374 MW (76.5%) Electricity access rate: 51.6% Share of population using solid fuels*: 85%
* 2010
TARGETS:
No information available
This Country Profile may contain advice, opinions and statements (information) of various information providers. The International Renewable Energy Agency does not represent or endorse the accuracy or reliability of any advice, opinion, statement or other information provided by any information provider or any other person or entity. Reliance upon any such information shall be at the users own risk. Neither the International Renewable Energy Agency, nor any of their respective agents, employees, information providers or content providers, shall be liable to any user or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error, omission, interruption, deletion, defect, alteration of or use of any content herein, or for its timeliness or completeness, nor shall they be liable for any failure of performance, regardless of cause, or for any damages resulting therefrom. The information contained herein does not necessarily represent the views of the Members of the International Renewable Energy Agency. The designations employed and the presentation of materials herein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the International Renewable Energy Agency concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The term country as used in this material also refers, as appropriate, to territories or areas.
ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY
49 ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY

Afghanistan
Southern Asia Asia World
1,297
4,000
4,513
2,000
1,755 ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY
8,000
2,500
2010 2009
9,230
3,000
2,728
Afghanistan
Figure 3: Total Primary Energy Supply* in 2000 and 2009

Coal and peat 0.1% Oil 27% Coal and peat 5%
Solid biofuels 27%
Solid biofuels 49%
Hydro 5% Natural gas 0.2% Natural gas 17% Hydro 7% Oil 63%
2000: 27.2 PJ
*excluding electricity trade
2009: 61.4 PJ
POLICIES IN PLACE TO PROMOTE RENEWABLE ENERGY SINCE THE RIO CONFERENCE OF 1992
Afghanistan National Development
Power Sector Strategy
Signed
the
IRENA
Statute
2006
Strategy
2007
2009
WORLD BANK EASE OF DOING BUSINESS INDEX FOR 2012: Ranked 160 out of 183 RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS FROM THE GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTORS: 42 MW of small hydro capacity addition announced (1 project) 1 MW of solar photovoltaic capacity addition announced (1 project) NUMBER OF REGISTERED CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECTS FOCUSING ON RENEWABLE ENERGY: 0 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES:
High
Medium
Low
Unknown
Not applicable
Wind
Solar
Hydro
Biomass
Geothermal
Ocean
Note: The information on resources should be taken as an indication only. It refers to a general trend of available resources, and does not prejudge the feasibility of individual projects. The thresholds are indicative, and do not refer to any technological choice. The analysis is based on the literature. Sources: Population and GDP: World Bank; Energy data: IEA, IRENA analysis based on UN data; Share of fuel imports in total imports: World Trade Organisation; Electrical capacity: IEA, EIA; Electricity access rate: World Energy Outlook 2011 database (IEA); Share of population using solid fuels: World Health Organisation; Targets: REN21, IRENA; Policy/legislation: IEA, Reegle, IRENA research; Ease of doing business index: World Bank; Renewable energy projects: Bloomberg New Energy Finance, IRENA research; Clean Development Mechanism projects: UNFCCC; Renewable energy resources: IRENA analysis. Units: USD: United States dollar; kWh: kilowatt-hour; GWh: gigawatt-hour (1 GWh=106 kWh); TWh: terawatt-hour (1 TWh=103 GWh); PJ: petajoule; MW: megawatt; GW: gigawatt (1 GW=103 MW). Please also refer to the glossary for explanations on the terms used in the country profile.
IRENA welcomes your comments and feedback at statistics@irena.org
BANGLADESH
10,000
USD per capita
6,000
kWh per capita
1,500 1,000 500 0
2,000
675
Bangladesh
Southern Asia
Asia
World

Total Primary Energy Supply: 1,231.8 PJ - Of which renewables: 367.0 PJ (29.8%) Energy self-sufficiency: 83.6% Fuel imports*: 2.1 billion USD (7.5% of total imports) Electricity generation: 37.9 TWh - Of which renewables: 1,552 GWh (4.1%) Electricity use per capita: 252 kWh Electrical capacity: 5.8 GW - Of which renewables: 246 MW (4.2%) Electricity access rate: 41.0% Share of population using solid fuels*: 91%
* 2010
TARGETS:

5% of electricity generation from renewables by 2015 10% of electricity generation from renewables by 2020 500 MW of solar capacity by 2015 6 MW of biomass-fired capacity by 2014 (2 MW solid, 4 MW biogas)

Bangladesh
1,297
540 ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY 252
4,000
4,513
2,000
8,000
2,500
2010 2009
9,230
3,000
2,728
Bangladesh

Coal and peat 2% Oil 17% Solid biofuels 29% Solid biofuels 41% Hydro 0.5% Natural gas 40% Natural gas 52% Solar Coal 0.02% and peat 2% Oil 16%
Hydro 0.4%
2000: 779.1 PJ
2009: 1,232.0 PJ
Private Sector Power Generation Policy
National Policy Statement

on
Policy Guidelines
for
Energy Regulatory Commission Act
Renewable Energy Policy
Ratified
the
Small Power Plants in
IRENA
Power Sector
Statute
1996
2000
Reform
2001
Private Sector
2003
2009
2010
WORLD BANK EASE OF DOING BUSINESS INDEX FOR 2012: Ranked 122 out of 183 RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS FROM THE GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTORS: 3 MW of biomass-fired capacity addition announced (1 project) 2.5 MW of solar photovoltaic capacity addition announced (2 projects) 210 MW of wind capacity addition announced (2 projects) NUMBER OF REGISTERED CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECTS FOCUSING ON RENEWABLE ENERGY: 1 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES:
High
Medium
Low
Unknown
Not applicable
Wind
Solar
Hydro
Biomass
Geothermal
Ocean
BHUTAN
726,000 Population (2010) 1.5 billion USD GDP (2010) 2,088 USD GDP per capita (2010)
10,000
USD per capita
6,000
kWh per capita
1,500 1,000 500 0
2,088
2,000
Bhutan
Southern Asia
Asia
World

Total Primary Energy Supply: 60.8 PJ - Of which renewables: 75.4 PJ (124.1%)* Energy self-sufficiency: 126.1% Fuel imports**: 100 million USD (13.1% of total imports) Electricity generation: 7.0 TWh - Of which renewables: 7.0 TWh (100.0%) Electricity use per capita: 2,100 kWh Electrical capacity: 1,505.3 MW - Of which renewables: 1,488.34 MW (98.9%) Electricity access rate: 60.0% Share of population using solid fuels**: 40%
* This share includes the electricity produced from hydro that is exported. ** 2010
TARGETS:

Bhutan
1,297
4,000
4,513
2,000
8,000
2,500
ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY 2,100
2010 2009
9,230
3,000
2,728
Bhutan

Coal and peat Oil 3% 4% Solid biofuels 81% Hydro 12% Solid biofuels 63% Coal and peat Oil 1% 5% Hydro 31%
2000: 5.1 PJ
2009: 6.9 PJ
Hydropower
policy
Draft
renewable energy policy
2008
2011
WORLD BANK EASE OF DOING BUSINESS INDEX FOR 2012: Ranked 142 out of 183 RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS FROM THE GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTORS: No information available NUMBER OF REGISTERED CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECTS FOCUSING ON RENEWABLE ENERGY: 2 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES:
High
Medium
Low
Unknown
Not applicable
Wind
Solar
Hydro
Biomass
Geothermal
Ocean
BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
35,000 30,000 25,000 USD per capita 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0
kWh per capita
6,000
3,334
2,000
Brunei Darussalam
South-Eastern Asia
Asia
World
South-Eastern Asia includes Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, the Lao Peoples Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste and Vietnam. Asia includes Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, the Republic of Korea, Kyrgyzstan, the Lao Peoples Democratic Republic, Malaysia, the Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Vietnam.

Total Primary Energy Supply: 130.8 PJ - Of which renewables: 0.0 PJ (0.0%) Energy self-sufficiency: 606.4% Fuel imports*: Not available Electricity generation: 3,612 GWh - Of which renewables: 0.0 GWh (0.0%) Electricity use per capita: 8,652 kWh Electrical capacity: 759 MW - Of which renewables: 0 MW (0.0%) Electricity access rate: 99.9% Share of population using solid fuels*: < 5%
* 2010
TARGETS:
10 % of electricity generation from renewables by 2035

Brunei Darussalam
South-Eastern Asia Asia World
4,513
1,755 ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY 983
9,230
4,000
8,000
2010 2009
31,008
10,000
Brunei
Oil 25%
Oil 22%
Natural gas 75%
Natural gas 78%
2000: 102.7 PJ
2009: 130.8 PJ
Ratified
the
Draft Energy White Paper and renewable

energy target
IRENA Statute
2011
2012
WORLD BANK EASE OF DOING BUSINESS INDEX FOR 2012: Ranked 83 out of 183 RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS FROM THE GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTORS: 1.2 MW Tenaga Suria Brunei photovoltaic demonstration project (1 project) 5 kW solar photovoltaic roof off-grid system (1 project) 29.9 kW solar photovoltaic roof grid-connected pilot projects (7 projects) 3.23 kW solar photovoltaic systems at off-shore oil/gas platforms (20 projects) NUMBER OF REGISTERED CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECTS FOCUSING ON RENEWABLE ENERGY: 0 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES:
High
Medium
Low
Unknown
Not applicable
Wind
Solar
Hydro
Biomass
Geothermal
Ocean
CAMBODIA
10,000
USD per capita
6,000
kWh per capita
1,000 500 0
2,000
795
Cambodia
South-Eastern Asia
Asia
World

Total Primary Energy Supply: 205.5 PJ - Of which renewables: 150.8 PJ (73.4%) Energy self-sufficiency: 73.4% Fuel imports*: 346 million USD (4.6% of total imports) Electricity generation: 1,256 GWh - Of which renewables: 58.0 GWh (4.6%) Electricity use per capita: 129 kWh Electrical capacity: 391 MW - Of which renewables: 19 MW (4.9%) Electricity access rate: 24.0% Share of population using solid fuels*: 89%
* 2010
TARGETS:
15% of rural electricity supply from renewables by 2015

Cambodia

129
4,000
3,334
1,500
4,513
2,000
8,000
2,500
2010 2009
9,230
3,000
2,728
Cambodia

Coal and peat 0.2% Oil 20% Oil 25%
Hydro 0.1%
Solid biofuels 80%
Solid biofuels 74%
2000: 142.9 PJ
2009: 202.8 PJ
Renewable Electricity Action Plan
Rural Electrification
by
Signed
the
Renewable Energy Policy
IRENA
Statute
2002
2006
2009
WORLD BANK EASE OF DOING BUSINESS INDEX FOR 2012: Ranked 138 out of 183 RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS FROM THE GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTORS: 1.7 MW of biomass-fired capacity addition announced (2 projects) 10 MW of small hydro capacity addition announced (1 project) 500 MW of solar photovoltaic capacity addition announced (feasibility study) NUMBER OF REGISTERED CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECTS FOCUSING ON RENEWABLE ENERGY: 1 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES:
High
Medium
Low
Unknown
Not applicable
Wind
Solar
Hydro
Biomass
Geothermal
Ocean
CHINA
1,345.4 million Population (2010) 6,155.0 billion USD GDP (2010) 4,575 USD GDP per capita (2010)
10,000
2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0
USD per capita
6,000
2,000
China
Eastern Asia
Asia
World
Eastern Asia includes China, Japan, the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, the Republic of Korea and Mongolia. Asia includes Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, the Republic of Korea, Kyrgyzstan, the Lao Peoples Democratic Republic, Malaysia, the Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Vietnam.

Total Primary Energy Supply: 94,799.8 PJ - Of which renewables: 11,282.7 PJ (11.9%) Energy self-sufficiency: 90.9% Fuel imports*: 203.8 billion USD (11.1% of total imports) Electricity generation: 3,780.8 TWh - Of which renewables: 645.4 TWh (17.1%) Electricity use per capita: 2,650 kWh Electrical capacity: 890.3 GW - Of which renewables: 216.6 GW (24.3%) Electricity access rate: 99.4% Share of population using solid fuels*: 46%
* 2010
TARGETS:

15% of primary energy from renewables by 2020 Start construction of additional 120 GW of hydro by 2015 100 GW of wind capacity by 2015 15 GW of solar capacity by 2015

China
Eastern Asia Asia World
4,000
4,575
kWh per capita
4,513

1,755
8,000
3,000

2,650 2,728
2010 2009
9,230
3,500
8,308
3,247

Solid biofuels 17% Hydro Nuclear 2% 0.4% Natural gas 2% Biogas 0.1% Solar 0.1% Geothermal 0.1% Wind 0.005% Coal and peat 60%
China
Biogas Liquid 0.3% biofuels Solar Geothermal 0.1% Wind 0.1% 0.3% Solid biofuels 0.1% Hydro 9% Nuclear 2% Coal 1% and peat Natural gas 67% 3%
Oil 17%
Oil 19%
2000: 50,075.0 PJ
2009: 94,812.4 PJ
Brightness Programme Reduced VAT
for renewable energy
Wind Power Concession Programme
Renewable Energy Law
Special Fund
for the
Industrialisation of Wind Power
Medium and Long Term Development Plan for
Offshore Wind
development plan and Onshore wind feed-in tariff
Import duty
removal on wind and hydro equipments
Solar photovoltaic feed-in tariff
1996
2001/02
Support for fuel
ethanol production
2003/06
Renewable Energy Targets
2006
2007
Equipment
2007
Renewable Energy
2009
Golden Sun Programme
2010
Biomass
electricity feed-in tariff
2011/12
Renewable Energy
Electricity
feed-in tariff
WORLD BANK EASE OF DOING BUSINESS INDEX FOR 2012: Ranked 91 out of 183 RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS FROM THE GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTORS (CAPACITY ADDITIONS):

Biodiesel: 119 million litres per year by mid 2013 (1 project); 1,500 million litres announced (11 projects) Bioethanol: More than 2,500 million litres per year announced (13 projects) Biomass: 176 MW by end 2015 (6 projects); more than 6,500 MW announced Solar photovoltaic: 440 MW by end 2015 (8 projects); more than 24,000 MW announced Solar thermal: 50 MW announced by end 2015 (1 project); around 4,200 MW announced Wind: Around 8,300 MW by mid 2015; 21,000 MW announced Marine: More than 350 MW announced (6 projects) Small hydro: More than 12,000 MW announced
NUMBER OF REGISTERED CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECTS FOCUSING ON RENEWABLE ENERGY: 1,522 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES:
High
Medium
Low
Unknown
Not applicable
Wind
Solar
Hydro
Biomass
Geothermal
Ocean
INDIA
1,170.9 million Population (2010) 1,684.3 billion USD GDP (2010) 1,438 USD GDP per capita (2010)
10,000
USD per capita
6,000
kWh per capita
1,500 1,000 500 0
2,000
India
Southern Asia
Asia
World

Total Primary Energy Supply: 28,269.1 PJ - Of which renewables: 7,478.2 PJ (26.5%) Energy self-sufficiency: 74.9% Fuel imports*: 109.0 billion USD (33.3% of total imports) Electricity generation: 906.8 TWh - Of which renewables: 124.1 TWh (13.7%) Electricity use per capita: 617 kWh Electrical capacity: 189.3 GW - Of which renewables: 52.8 GW (27.9%) Electricity access rate: 66.3% Share of population using solid fuels*: 58%
* 2010
TARGETS:

56 GW renewable energy capacity by 2017 33 GW wind energy capacity by 2017 20 GW of grid-connected solar photovoltaic capacity by 2022 2 GW of off-grid solar photovoltaic capacity by 2022

India
1,438
1,297
4,000

617
4,513
2,000
8,000
2,500
2010 2009
9,230
3,000
2,728
Figure 3: Total Primary Energy Supply* in 2000 andIndia 2009

Liquid biofuels Solar 0.02% 0.01% Wind 0.03% Coal and peat 35% Solid biofuels 33% Liquid biofuels Solar 0.02% 0.04% Wind 0.2%
Solid biofuels 25% Hydro 1% Nuclear 1% Coal and peat 42%
Hydro 1% Nuclear 1% Natural gas 5%
Natural gas 7%
Oil 25%
Oil 24%
2000:19,138.0 PJ
2009: 28,250.0 PJ
Government Assistance for Wind Power Development Government Assistance for Small Hydropower Stations Central Financial Assistance for Biogas Plants India Energy Policy Incentives for
ethanol production
Generation-based Regulations on
incentives for wind and solar power renewable energy tariffs (revised in
the
Ratified IRENA Statute
Renewable Energy Certificates

system
2010)
1996
2001/02
Central Financial Assistance for Biogas Plants
2004
2006
Tariff Policy
2007
2008
2009
Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission
2010
2011
Solar cities Development
programme
WORLD BANK EASE OF DOING BUSINESS INDEX FOR 2012: Ranked 132 out of 183 RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS FROM THE GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTORS (CAPACITY ADDITIONS): More than 2,900 MW of wind capacity addition by end 2013 1000 MW of solar photovoltaic capacity addition by end 2013 300 MW of biomass-fired capacity addition by end 2013 300 MW of small hydro capacity addition by end 2013 200 MW of solar thermal capacity addition by 2013 NUMBER OF REGISTERED CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECTS FOCUSING ON RENEWABLE ENERGY: 657 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES:
High
Medium
Low
Unknown
Not applicable
Wind
Solar
Hydro
Biomass
Geothermal
Ocean
INDONESIA
239.9 million Population (2010) 708 billion USD GDP (2010) 2,952 USD GDP per capita (2010)
10,000
USD per capita
6,000
kWh per capita
1000 500 0
2,000
Indonesia
South-Eastern Asia
Asia
World

Total Primary Energy Supply: 8,311.4 PJ - Of which renewables: 2,908.9 PJ (35.0%) Energy self-sufficiency: 177.2% Fuel imports*: 27.5 billion USD (20.9% of total imports) Electricity generation: 156.8 TWh - Of which renewables: 20.7 TWh (13.2%) Electricity use per capita: 597 kWh Electrical capacity: 32.8 GW - Of which renewables: 6.1 GW (18.5%) Electricity access rate: 64.5% Share of population using solid fuels*: 55%
* 2010
TARGETS:

17% of primary energy from renewables by 2025 2,000 MW of solar photovoltaic capacity and 300 MW of wind capacity by 2014 400 MW of biomass-fired capacity and 1,300 MW of hydro capacity by 2015 9.5 GW of renewable capacity by 2025 5% blend of biodiesel and bioethanol by 2015

Indonesia
4,000
2,952
3,334
1500
4,513
2000
8,000
2500
2010 2009
9,230
3000
2,728
Indonesia

Geothermal 5% Coal and peat 8% Liquid Geothermal biofuels 8% 0.01% Coal and peat 15%
Solid biofuels 32%
Solid biofuels 26%
Hydro 1% Natural gas 17%
Oil 37%
Hydro 0.5% Natural gas 17%
Oil 32%
2000: 6,494.9 PJ
2009: 8,311.4 PJ
Geothermal law 27/2003 National Energy Blueprint Tax rebates
for investments
Ministerial Regulation 32/2008 on biofuels
Biofuels
subsidy
Tax incentive for

geothermal exploration
(Law 25/2007)
2003/04
Green Energy Policy
2005/06
National Biofuel Roadmap 2006- 2025
2007
2008
Tax incentives
for geothermal energy
2009
Electricity law (Law 30/2009)
2011
Feed-in tariff for
geothermal electricity
WORLD BANK EASE OF DOING BUSINESS INDEX FOR 2012: Ranked 129 out of 183 RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS FROM THE GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTORS (CAPACITY ADDITIONS):

Geothermal: 750 MW by end 2016 (6 projects); more than 2,100 MW announced Small hydro: Around 50 MW by end 2014 (2 projects); 85 MW announced Biomass: More than 200 MW announced (19 projects) Biodiesel: 560 million litres per year announced (4 projects) Bioethanol: 130 million litres per year capacity addition announced (1 project) Solar photovoltaic: 150 MW announced (2 projects) Wind: 80 MW announced (2 projects)
NUMBER OF REGISTERED CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECTS FOCUSING ON RENEWABLE ENERGY: 23 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES:
High
Medium
Low
Unknown
Not applicable
Wind
Solar
Hydro
Biomass
Geothermal
Ocean
JAPAN
127.5 million Population (2010) 5,488.4 billion USD GDP (2010) 43,063 USD GDP per capita (2010)

7,838
50,000
7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0
USD per capita
30,000
kWh per capita
10,000
4,513
Japan
Eastern Asia
Asia
World

Total Primary Energy Supply: 19,765.9 PJ - Of which renewables: 665.6 PJ (3.4%) Energy self-sufficiency: 19.9% Fuel imports*: 198.6 billion USD (28.6% of total imports) Electricity generation: 1,050.3 TWh - Of which renewables: 103.6 TWh (9.9%) Electricity use per capita: 7,838 kWh Electrical capacity: 284.5 GW - Of which renewables: 28.4 GW (10.0%) Electricity access rate: 100.0% Share of population using solid fuels*: < 5%
* 2010
TARGETS:

16 TWh of electricity generation from renewables excluding large hydro by 2014 10% of primary energy supply from renewables by 2020 (target under review)

Japan
8,308
9,230
20,000

1,755
ELECTRICITY 3,247 ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY

2,728
40,000
2010 2009
43,063
8,000
Figure 3: Total Primary Energy Supply* in 2000 andJapan 2008

Solid Biogas Hydro biofuels 0.03% 1% Wastes 1% 0.1% Nuclear 16% Solar Geothermal 0.2% 1% Wind 0.002% Coal and peat 19% Solid Biogas Hydro biofuels 0.03% 1% Wastes 1% 0.2% Nuclear 15% Solar Geothermal 0.2% 1% Wind 0.1% Coal and peat 21%
Natural gas 13%
Natural gas 17%
Oil 49%
Oil 42%
2000: 21,728.0 PJ
2009: 19,765.9 PJ
New Sunshine Programme Subsidy Programme for Residential PV
systems
New
renewable energy target
Subsidy for Promotion Introduction of Comprehensive New Purchase RD&D for New for the Local Solar Power in Review of System for Solar and Renewable Introduction of Government Japanese Energy Power-Generated Energy New Energy Office Buildings Policy Electricity
Ratified the IRENA Statute
1993
1994
1996
(revised in 2008 and 2010)
1997
New Energy Law
1998
2001/03
Renewable Portfolio Standards
2007
(revised in 2010)
2009
Subsidy for Residential PV
systems
2010/12
Feed-in-Tariff
for renewable electricity started
WORLD BANK EASE OF DOING BUSINESS INDEX FOR 2012: Ranked 20 out of 183 RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS FROM THE GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTORS: 115 MW of biomass-fired capacity addition by 2015 (4 projects); 22 MW announced 750 MW of solar photovoltaic capacity addition by 2016 (83 projects); 1,100 MW announced 700 MW of wind capacity addition by end 2017 (26 projetcs); 1,200 MW announced NUMBER OF REGISTERED CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECTS FOCUSING ON RENEWABLE ENERGY: Not applicable RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES:
High
Medium
Low
Unknown
Not applicable
Wind
Solar
Hydro
Biomass
Geothermal
Ocean
KAZAKHSTAN
16.3 million Population (2010) 148.0 billion USD GDP (2010) 9,074 USD GDP per capita (2010)
10,000
USD per capita
6,000
kWh per capita
2,000
1,000
Kazakhstan
Central Asia
Asia
World
Central Asia includes Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Asia includes Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, the Republic of Korea, Kyrgyzstan, the Lao Peoples Democratic Republic, Malaysia, the Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Vietnam.

Total Primary Energy Supply: 2,651.3 PJ Of which renewables: 27.6 PJ (1.0%) Energy self-sufficiency: 233.6% Fuel imports*: 4.4 billion USD (14.8% of total imports) Electricity generation: 78.7 TWh Of which renewables: 6.9 TWh (8.7%) Electricity use per capita: 4,494 kWh Electrical capacity: 18.7 GW Of which renewables: 2,218 MW (11.8%) Electricity access rate: 99.9% Share of population using solid fuels*: 9%
* 2010
TARGETS:

1% of electricity generation from renewables by 2015 5% of total energy balance from renewables by 2024

Kazakhstan
Central Asia Asia World
4,000
3,527
2,000
4,513
3,000

1,755

2,464
8,000
4,000
2010 2009
9,074 9,230
5,000
4,494
Kazakhstan

Hydro Solid biofuels 2% 0.2% Natural gas 19% Natural gas 31% Hydro Solid biofuels 1% 0.2%
Oil 23%
Coal and peat 56%
Oil 17%
Coal and peat 51%
2000: 1,478.9 PJ
2009: 2,653.7 PJ
Decree on
the Transition to
Law on the Use of Renewable Energy Sources
Law 166-IV
amending existing laws in order to the
Signed IRENA Statute
Sustainable
2006
Development
2009
(Law 165-IV)
2009
support renewables
2009
WORLD BANK EASE OF DOING BUSINESS INDEX FOR 2012: Ranked 47 out of 183 RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS FROM THE GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTORS: 600 MW of wind capacity addition announced (2 projects); 5 MW permitted 2 MW of solar photovoltaic capacity addition announced (1 project) NUMBER OF REGISTERED CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECTS FOCUSING ON RENEWABLE ENERGY: 0 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES:
High
Medium
Low
Unknown
Not applicable
Wind
Solar
Hydro
Biomass
Geothermal
Ocean
DEMOCRATIC PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF KOREA

10,000
24.3 million Population (2010) Not available GDP (2010) Not available GDP per capita (2010)
2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0
USD per capita
6,000
kWh per capita
2,000
Not available
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Eastern Asia
Asia
World

Total Primary Energy Supply: 802.9 PJ - Of which renewables: 89.3 PJ (11.1%) Energy self-sufficiency: 105.8% Fuel imports*: Not available Electricity generation: 21.1 TWh - Of which renewables: 12.5 TWh (59.1%) Electricity use per capita: 733 kWh Electrical capacity: 9.5 GW - Of which renewables: 5.0 GW (52.6%) Electricity access rate: 26.0% Share of population using solid fuels*: 91%
* 2010
TARGETS:

4,000

733
4,513

1,755
8,000
3,000

2,728
2010 2009
9,230
3,500
8,308
3,247

Hydro 4% Solid biofuels 5% Oil 3% Hydro 6% Solid biofuels 6%
Oil 5%
Coal and peat 85%
Coal and peat 85%
2000: 825.5 PJ
2009: 802.9 PJ
National
long term energy strategy
2009
WORLD BANK EASE OF DOING BUSINESS INDEX FOR 2012: Not ranked RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS FROM THE GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTORS: No information available NUMBER OF REGISTERED CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECTS FOCUSING ON RENEWABLE ENERGY: 0 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES:
High
Medium
Low
Unknown
Not applicable
Wind
Solar
Hydro
Biomass
Geothermal
Ocean
REPUBLIC OF KOREA
25,000
48.9 million Population (2010) 1,014.9 billion USD GDP (2010) 20,765 USD GDP per capita (2010)
USD per capita
15,000
kWh per capita
6,000
4,513
5,000
2,000
Republic of Korea
Eastern Asia
Asia
World

Total Primary Energy Supply: 9,595.2 PJ - Of which renewables: 62.7 PJ (0.7%) Energy self-sufficiency: 19.3% Fuel imports*: 122.6 billion USD (28.8% of total imports) Electricity generation: 454.5 TWh - Of which renewables: 4,687 GWh (1.0%) Electricity use per capita: 8,980 kWh Electrical capacity: 80.6 GW - Of which renewables: 2,631 MW (3.3%) Electricity access rate: 100.0% Share of population using solid fuels*: < 5%
* 2010
TARGETS:
6.1 % of primary energy from renewables by 2020

Republic of Korea
10,000
8,308
9,230
4,000
ELECTRICITY 3,247 ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY 2,728
20,000
8,000
2010 2009
20,765
10,000
8,980
Figure 3: Total Primary Energy Supply* in 2000 andRepublic 2009 of Korea

Solid Biogas Solar Hydro biofuels 0.02% 0.02% Wind Wastes 0.2% 0.2% 0.001% 1% Nuclear 15% Coal and peat 22%
Liquid biofuels Solid Biogas 0.1% Solar Hydro biofuels 0.1% 0.3% Geothermal Wind 0.01% 0.03% Heat Wastes 0.1% 0.3% 1% 0.03% Nuclear 17% Coal and peat 28%
Natural gas 9%
Natural gas 14%
Oil 53%
Oil 40%
2000: 7,877.9 PJ
2009: 9,595.2 PJ
Ten-Year Energy New and RenewTechnology able Energy Development RD&D Basic Plan Plan Feed-in Tariff (Electricity Business Law) Certification for new and renewable energy facilities
Tax Audit Exemption for

alternative energy
Import tax
reduction for renewable energy products
Presidential Commission on Green Growth

established
Ratified the IRENA Statute
Mandatory use of
renewable energy in public buildings
1997
Local energy
plan
2001
(updated in 2003)
2001
2004/05
Renewable Portfolio Agreement
2008
businesses
2009
National Energy Plan 2008-2030
2009
1 million
green homes programme
2010
2011/12
Renewable Portfolio Standards
WORLD BANK EASE OF DOING BUSINESS INDEX FOR 2012: Ranked 8 out of 183 RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS FROM THE GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTORS (CAPACITY ADDITIONS): Biomass: 35 MW by mid 2013 (2 projects); 18 MW announced Tide: 820 MW by end 2015 (1 project); 2,730 MW announced Solar photovoltaic: 120 MW by early 2016 (2 projects); 171 MW announced Wind: 3,500 MW by end 2019 (12 projects); 970 MW announced Biodiesel: 129 million litres announced (1 project) Bioethanol: 125 million litres announced (1 project) Small hydro: 12 MW announced (6 projects) NUMBER OF REGISTERED CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECTS FOCUSING ON RENEWABLE ENERGY: 69 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES:
High
Medium
Low
Unknown
Not applicable
Wind
Solar
Hydro
Biomass
Geothermal
Ocean
KYRGYZSTAN
10,000
USD per capita
6,000
kWh per capita
1,000 500 0
2,000
894
Kyrgyzstan
Central Asia
Asia
World

Total Primary Energy Supply: 126.0 PJ - Of which renewables: 35.8 PJ (28.4%) Energy self-sufficiency: 38.6% Fuel imports*: 854 million USD (26.5% of total imports) Electricity generation: 11.1 TWh - Of which renewables: 9.9 TWh (89.3%) Electricity use per capita: 1,402 kWh Electrical capacity: 3,640 MW - Of which renewables: 2,910 MW (79.9%) Electricity access rate: 99.9% Share of population using solid fuels*: 34%
* 2010
TARGETS:

Kyrgyzstan
4,000
3,527
1,500
4,513
2,000
8,000
2,500
2010 2009
9,230
3,000
2,728
Kyrgyzstan

Solid biofuels 0.1% Hydro 44% Coal and peat 18% Solid biofuels 0.1% Hydro 28% Coal and peat 14%
Oil 15%
Natural gas 18% Natural gas 22%
Oil 39%
2000: 110.8 PJ
2009: 127.2 PJ
Programme for Development of Small and
Law on Renewable Energy
Regulations on
small hydro power plants
Signed the IRENA Statute
2008
Medium Energy
2008
2009
2010
WORLD BANK EASE OF DOING BUSINESS INDEX FOR 2012: Ranked 70 out of 183 RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS FROM THE GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTORS: 80 MW of small hydro capacity addition announced (4 projects) NUMBER OF REGISTERED CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECTS FOCUSING ON RENEWABLE ENERGY: 0 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES:
High
Medium
Low
Unknown
Not applicable
Wind
Solar
Hydro
Biomass
Geothermal
Ocean
LAO PEOPLES DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC

10,000
USD per capita
6,000
kWh per capita
1,000 500 0
2,000
South-Eastern Lao People's Asia Democratic Republic
Asia
World

Total Primary Energy Supply: 88.3 PJ Of which renewables: 74.6 PJ (84.4%) Energy self-sufficiency: 102.8% Fuel imports*: Not available Electricity generation: 3,683 GWh Of which renewables: 3,383 GWh (91.9%) Electricity use per capita: 388 kWh Electrical capacity: 1,855 MW Of which renewables: 1,805 MW (97.3%) Electricity access rate: 55.0% Share of population using solid fuels*: > 95%
* 2010
TARGETS:

30% of final energy from renewables by 2020 10% of transport energy from renewables

South-Eastern Lao People's Asia Democratic Republic Asia World
1,158
ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY 388
4,000
3,334
1,500
4,513

983
2,000
8,000
2,500
2010 2009
9,230
3,000
2,728
Lao People's Democratic Republic

Solid biofuels 35% Solar 0.002% Coal and peat 55% Solid biofuels 67% Solar 0.01% Coal and peat 13% Oil 7%
Hydro 13%
Hydro 8%
Oil 3%
2000: 180.6 PJ
2009: 93.3 PJ
Decree on
solar energy development
National Strategy
on
Renewable
Energy launched
2011
2011
WORLD BANK EASE OF DOING BUSINESS INDEX FOR 2012: Ranked 165 out of 183 RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS FROM THE GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTORS: 50 MW of small hydro capacity addition by 2014 (1 project); 5 MW announced (1 project) NUMBER OF REGISTERED CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECTS FOCUSING ON RENEWABLE ENERGY: 0 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES:
High
Medium
Low
Unknown
Not applicable
Wind
Solar
Hydro
Biomass
Geothermal
Ocean
MALAYSIA

3,912
10,000
3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0
USD per capita
6,000
kWh per capita
2,000
Malaysia
South-Eastern Asia
Asia
World

Total Primary Energy Supply: 2,924.8 PJ - Of which renewables: 168.6 PJ (5.8%) Energy self-sufficiency: 123.2% Fuel imports*: 16.4 billion USD (10.0% of total imports) Electricity generation: 116.4 TWh - Of which renewables: 8.4 TWh (7.2%) Electricity use per capita: 3,912 kWh Electrical capacity: 25.2 GW - Of which renewables: 2,107 MW (8.3%) Electricity access rate: 99.4% (peninsular Malaysia) Share of population using solid fuels*: < 5%
* 2010
TARGETS:

6% of renewable capacity and 5% of electricity generation from renewables by 2015 11% of renewable capacity and 9% of electricity generation from renewables by 2020 14% of renewable capacity and 11% of electricity generation from renewables by 2030 36% of renewable capacity and 15% of electricity generation from renewables by 2050

Malaysia
4,000
3,334

983
4,513
8,000
2010 2009
9,230 8,373
4,000
Malaysia

Hydro 1% Solid Coal biofuels and peat 5% 4% Hydro 1% Solid Liquid biofuels biofuels 5% 0.01% Coal and peat 15%
Oil 44%
Oil 38%
Natural gas 46%
Natural gas 42%
2000: 1,979.1 PJ
2009: 2,925.8 PJ
Fuel Diversification Policy National Biofuel Policy National Green Technology Policy Green Technology Financing Scheme
the
Ratified IRENA Statute
Renewable Energy Act
2003
Small Renewable Energy Plan
2006
2009
2010
2010
Renewable Energy Policy and Action Plan
2011
Renewable energy
feed-in tariff
WORLD BANK EASE OF DOING BUSINESS INDEX FOR 2012: Ranked 18 out of 183 RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS FROM THE GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTORS: 36 MW of geothermal capacity addition by end 2015 (1 project) 10 MW of solar photovoltaic capacity addition by mid 2013 (1 project); more than 20 MW announced (6 projects) Around 1,100 million litres of biodiesel per year capacity addition announced (8 projects) More than 220 MW of biomass-fired capacity addition announced 45 MW of small hydro capacity addition announced (9 projects) NUMBER OF REGISTERED CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECTS FOCUSING ON RENEWABLE ENERGY: 36 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES:
High
Medium
Low
Unknown
Not applicable
Wind
Solar
Hydro
Biomass
Geothermal
Ocean
MALDIVES
10,000
6,570
USD per capita
6,000
kWh per capita
1,500 1,000 500 0
2,000
Maldives
Southern Asia
Asia
World

Total Primary Energy Supply: 14.2 PJ Of which renewables: 0.0 PJ (0.2%) Energy self-sufficiency: 0.2% Fuel imports*: 156 million USD (14.2% of total imports) Electricity generation: 796.1 GWh Of which renewables: 0.3 GWh (0.0%) Electricity use per capita: 2,283 kWh Electrical capacity: 62.12 MW Of which renewables: 0.12 MW (0.2%) Electricity access rate: 100.0% Share of population using solid fuels*: 8%
* 2010
TARGETS:

Carbon neutrality in the energy sector by 2020 50% of electricity generation from renewables by 2015 60% of electricity generation from solar by 2020

Maldives
1,297
4,000
4,513
2,000
8,000
2,500

2,283
2010 2009
9,230
3,000
2,728
Maldives

Solid biofuels 0.3% Solar 0.1% Solid biofuels Solar Wind 0.1% 0.1% 0.01%
Oil 100%
Oil 100%
2000: 7.1 PJ
2009: 14.2 PJ
Renewable Energy Technology Energy Action
plan
Ratified
the
Maldives National Energy Policy
Renewable Energy Investment
Renewable Energy Investment
IRENA
2009-2013
Statute
2004
Development
and Application
2009
2009
2010
& Strategy
2011
Framework
2011
Office
established
Project
High
Medium
Low
Unknown
Not applicable
Wind
Solar
Hydro
Biomass
Geothermal
Ocean
MONGOLIA
10,000
2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0
USD per capita
6,000
kWh per capita
2,250
2,000
Mongolia
Eastern Asia
Asia
World

Total Primary Energy Supply: 136.2 PJ Of which renewables: 7.6 PJ (5.6%) Energy self-sufficiency: 238.9% Fuel imports*: 636 million USD (19.4% of total imports) Electricity generation: 4,180 GWh Of which renewables: 0.0 GWh (0.0%) Electricity use per capita: 1,412 kWh Electrical capacity: 833 MW Of which renewables: 1 MW (0.1%) Electricity access rate: 67.0% Share of population using solid fuels*: 72%
* 2010
TARGETS:
20 to 25% of electricity generation from renewables by 2020

Mongolia
4,000
4,513

1,755
8,000
3,000

2,728
2010 2009
9,230
3,500
8,308
3,247
Mongolia

Solid biofuels 6% Oil 18% Coal and peat 76% Oil 24% Solid biofuels 6% Coal and peat 70%
2000: 99.8 PJ
2009: 135.7 PJ
Energy Law National Renewable Energy Programme Renewable Energy Law and feed-in
tariff
Ratified
the
IRENA
Statute
2001
2005
2007
2010
WORLD BANK EASE OF DOING BUSINESS INDEX FOR 2012: Ranked 86 out of 183 RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS FROM THE GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTORS: 23 MW of small hydro capacity addition announced (2 projects) 100 MW of wind capacity addition announced (2 projects)
NUMBER OF REGISTERED CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECTS FOCUSING ON RENEWABLE ENERGY: 2 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES:
High
Medium
Low
Unknown
Not applicable
Wind
Solar
Hydro
Biomass
Geothermal
Ocean
MYANMAR
48.0 million Population (2010) Not available GDP (2010) Not available GDP per capita (2010)
10,000
USD per capita
6,000
kWh per capita
1,000 500 0
2,000
Not available Myanmar
South-Eastern Asia
Asia
World

Total Primary Energy Supply: 596.4 PJ - Of which renewables: 456.7 PJ (76.6%) Energy self-sufficiency: 154.2% Fuel imports*: Not available Electricity generation: 7.0 TWh - Of which renewables: 5.3 TWh (75.5%) Electricity use per capita: 105 kWh Electrical capacity: 1,860 MW - Of which renewables: 600 MW (32.3%) Electricity access rate: 13.0% Share of population using solid fuels*: 92%
* 2010
TARGETS:

Myanmar
4,000
3,334
1,500
4,513
2,000
8,000
2,500
2010 2009
9,230
3,000
2,728
Myanmar

Coal and peat 2% Solid biofuels 72% Oil 15% Solid biofuels 73% Coal and peat 3% Oil 9%
Natural gas 12% Natural gas 9% Hydro 1% Hydro 3%
2000: 537.6 PJ
2009: 596.4 PJ
National Environment Policy
National Sustainable Development
Strategies
1994
2009
High
Medium
Low
Unknown
Not applicable
Wind
Solar
Hydro
Biomass
Geothermal
Ocean
NEPAL
10,000
USD per capita
6,000
kWh per capita
1,500 1,000 500 0
2,000
535
Nepal
Southern Asia
Asia
World

Total Primary Energy Supply: 417.1 PJ Of which renewables: 369.0 PJ (88.5%) Energy self-sufficiency: 88.6% Fuel imports*: 805 million USD (15.2% of total imports) Electricity generation: 3,115 GWh Of which renewables: 3,102 GWh (99.6%) Electricity use per capita: 89 kWh Electrical capacity: 717 MW Of which renewables: 660 MW (92.1%) Electricity access rate: 43.6% Share of population using solid fuels*: 82%
* 2010
TARGETS:

1 MW of wind capacity by 2013 3 MW of solar capacity by 2013 15 MW of micro-hydro capacity by 2013

Nepal
1,297
4,000
4,513
2,000
8,000
2,500
2010 2009
9,230
3,000
2,728
Nepal

Coal Biogas and peat 0.3% 3% Solid biofuels 86% Oil 9% Coal Biogas and peat 1% 2% Hydro 2% Solid biofuels 86% Oil 9%
Hydro 3%
2000: 339.1 PJ
2009: 415.0 PJ
POLICIES IN PLACE TO PROMOTE RENEWABLE ENERGY SINCE THE RIO CONFERENCE OF 1992:
Hydropower
development policy
Biofuel Programme
Subsidy Policy
for
Signed
the
Renewable
IRENA
(Rural) Energy
Statute
1992
(amended in 2001
and
2008
2009
2009
2010)
WORLD BANK EASE OF DOING BUSINESS INDEX FOR 2012: Ranked 107 out of 183 RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS FROM THE GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTORS: 30 MW of biomass-fired capacity addition announced (2 projects) Around 530 MW of small capacity addition announced (26 projects) NUMBER OF REGISTERED CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECTS FOCUSING ON RENEWABLE ENERGY: 1 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES:
High
Medium
Low
Unknown
Not applicable
Wind
Solar
Hydro
Biomass
Geothermal
Ocean
PAKISTAN
10,000
USD per capita
6,000
kWh per capita
1,500 1,000 500 0
2,000
Pakistan
Southern Asia
Asia
World

Total Primary Energy Supply: 3,519.9 PJ Of which renewables: 1,286.7 PJ (36.6%) Energy self-sufficiency: 75.7% Fuel imports*: 11.4 billion USD (29.2% of total imports) Electricity generation: 95.4 TWh Of which renewables: 28.1 TWh (29.4%) Electricity use per capita: 449 kWh Electrical capacity: 20.2 GW Of which renewables: 6.6 GW (32.5%) Electricity access rate: 62.4% Share of population using solid fuels*: 64%
* 2010
TARGETS:

500 MW of renewable (excluding hydro) capacity by 2015 and about 1,000 MW by 2020 10% of primary energy supply from renewables by 2015

Pakistan
1,019
1,297
540 449 ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY
4,000
4,513
2,000
8,000
2,500
2010 2009
9,230
3,000
2,728
Pakistan

Coal and peat 3% Solid biofuels 38% Oil 30% Solid biofuels 34% Coal and peat 5% Oil 25%
Hydro 2% Nuclear 1%
Natural gas 26%
Hydro 3% Nuclear 1%
Natural gas 32%
2000: 2,658.0 PJ
2009: 3,519.9 PJ
Power Policy Alternative Energy Development Board
founded
Policy for Development of Renewable
Policy
recommendations for the use of
Signed
the
Pakistan National Energy Policy
IRENA
Statute
2002
2003
2006
Energy for Power Generation
2008
biodiesel
2009
2010
WORLD BANK EASE OF DOING BUSINESS INDEX FOR 2012: Ranked 105 out of 183 RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS FROM THE GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTORS: 50 MW of wind capacity addition by mid 2013 (1 project); around 2,700 MW announced 206 MW of biomass-fired capacity addition announced (10 projects) 125 MW of small hydro capacity addition announced (7 projects) 528 MW of solar photovoltaic capacity addition announced (10 projects) 50 MW of solar thermal capacity addition announced (1 project) NUMBER OF REGISTERED CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECTS FOCUSING ON RENEWABLE ENERGY: 4 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES:
High
Medium
Low
Unknown
Not applicable
Wind
Solar
Hydro
Biomass
Geothermal
Ocean
PHILIPPINES
10,000
USD per capita
6,000
kWh per capita
2,140
1,000 500 0
2,000
Philippines
South-Eastern Asia
Asia
World

Total Primary Energy Supply: 1,595.3 PJ Of which renewables: 699.3 PJ (43.8%) Energy self-sufficiency: 61.6% Fuel imports*: 9.9 billion USD (17.0% of total imports) Electricity generation: 61.9 TWh Of which renewables: 20.2 TWh (32.6%) Electricity use per capita: 593 kWh Electrical capacity: 15.6 GW Of which renewables: 5.3 GW (33.9%) Electricity access rate: 89.7% Share of population using solid fuels*: 50%
* 2010
TARGETS:
Triple 2010 renewable capacity by 2030: wind (2,378 MW); solar (285 MW); hydro (8,724 MW); geothermal (3,461 MW); biomass (316 MW); ocean (71 MW) 40% of electricity generation from renewables by 2020 4.7 % of primary energy from renewables excluding large hydro by 2013

Philippines
4,000
3,334
1,500
4,513
2,000
8,000
2,500
2010 2009
9,230
3,000
2,728
Philippines

Geothermal 25% Coal and peat 17% Wind 0.01% Geothermal 23% Oil 40% Liquid biofuels 1% Coal and peat 16% Oil 32%
Solid biofuels 20% Hydro Natural gas 2% 0.02%
Solid biofuels 18% Hydro 2% Natural gas 8%
2000: 1,669.3 PJ
2009: 1,595.3 PJ
New and Renewable Energy Sources Development Investment Priorities Plan Biofuels Act Philippine Energy Plan 2009-30 Feed-in tariff Rules
issued
Guidelines on
bioethanol production and use
Ratified
the
IRENA
Statute
1997
Programme
2002/04
Philippine Energy Plan 2004-2013
2007/08
Renewable Energy Act
2009
Renewable Energy Trust Fund
launched
2010
2011
2011/12
Feed-in tariff
rates approved
WORLD BANK EASE OF DOING BUSINESS INDEX FOR 2012: Ranked 136 out of 183 RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS FROM THE GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTORS (CAPACITY ADDITIONS): Geothermal: 90 MW installation target by end of 2016 (3 projects) Biodiesel: 393 million litres per year plant capacity Bioethanol: 133 million litres per year plant capacity (4 projects) Hydropower: 19.8 MW installation target by end of 2014 (3 projects) Solar photovoltaic: 50 MW installation target by end of 2015 Wind: 200 MW installation target by end of 2015 NUMBER OF REGISTERED CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECTS FOCUSING ON RENEWABLE ENERGY: 16 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES:
High
Medium
Low
Unknown
Not applicable
Wind
Solar
Hydro
Biomass
Geothermal
Ocean
SINGAPORE
5.1 million Population (2010) 213.2 billion USD GDP (2010) 41.987 USD GDP per capita (2010)

7,789
50,000
7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0
USD per capita
30,000
kWh per capita
9,230
10,000
3,334
4,513
Singapore
South-Eastern Asia
Asia
World

Total Primary Energy Supply: 773.6 PJ - Of which renewables: 0.6 PJ (0.1%) Energy self-sufficiency: 0.2% Fuel imports*: 81.2 billion USD (26.1% of total imports) Electricity generation: 41.8 TWh - Of which renewables: 42.0 GWh (0.1%) Electricity use per capita: 7,789 kWh Electrical capacity: 10.7 GW - Of which renewables: 302 MW (2.8%) Electricity access rate: 100.0% Share of population using solid fuels*: < 5%
* 2010
TARGETS:

Singapore
ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY 983
20,000

1,755

2,728
40,000
2010 2009
41,987
8,000
Singapore

Natural gas 6% Wastes 0.1% Solid biofuels 0.1% Oil 94% Natural gas 38% Wastes 0.1% Solid biofuels 0.1% Oil 61%
2000: 805.8 PJ
2009: 773.6 PJ
Tax incentives
for solar systems
Innovation for Environmental Sustainability
Clean Energy Research
Clean Energy Research
Solar Energy Research Institute of
Solar Capability Scheme

launched
Bioenergy
research
Experimental Power Grid Centre
Programme
1996
2001
Fund
established
2007
& Testbedding Programme
launched
2007
Programme Office launched
2008
Singapore
created
2008
2009
2011
established
WORLD BANK EASE OF DOING BUSINESS INDEX FOR 2012: Ranked 1 out of 183 RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS FROM THE GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTORS: More than 30 MW of biomass-fired capacity addition committed More than 10 MWp of solar photovoltaic capacity addition committed NUMBER OF REGISTERED CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECTS FOCUSING ON RENEWABLE ENERGY: 1 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES:
High
Medium
Low
Unknown
Not applicable
Wind
Solar
Hydro
Biomass
Geothermal
Ocean
SRI LANKA
10,000
USD per capita
6,000
kWh per capita
1,500 1,000 500 0
2,376
2,000
Sri Lanka
Southern Asia
Asia
World

Total Primary Energy Supply: 380.5 PJ Of which renewables: 213.8 PJ (56.2%) Energy self-sufficiency: 56.2% Fuel imports*: 3.0 billion USD (22.3% of total imports) Electricity generation: 9.9 TWh Of which renewables: 3,924 GWh (39.7%) Electricity use per capita: 408 kWh Electrical capacity: 2,646 MW Of which renewables: 1,361 MW (51.4%) Electricity access rate: 88.0% Share of population using solid fuels*: 75%
* 2010
TARGETS:

10% of electricity generation from renewables by 2015 20% of transport energy from renewables by 2020

Sri Lanka
1,297
4,000
4,513
2,000
8,000
2,500
2010 2009
9,230
3,000
2,728
Sri Lanka

Wind Solar 0.003% 0.01% Coal and peat 0.01% Wind Solar 0.003% 0.01% Coal and peat 1%
Solid biofuels 54%
Oil 43%
Solid biofuels 51%
Oil 45%
Hydro 3%
2000: 348.6 PJ
2009: 388.6 PJ
Hydro 4%
National Energy Policy and Strategies
Sustainable Energy Authority

operational
Feed-in tariff
Ratified
the
IRENA
Statute
2006
2007
2010
2011
WORLD BANK EASE OF DOING BUSINESS INDEX FOR 2012: Ranked 89 out of 183 RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS FROM THE GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTORS: More than 182 MW of biomass-fired capacity addition announced (12 projects) 31 million litres of biodiesel per year capacity addition announced (1 project) 10 MW of marine capacity addition announced (1 project) 183 MW of small hydro capacity addition announced (19 projects) 1 MW of solar photovoltaic capacity addition announced (1 project) 1 MW of wind capacity addition announced (1 project) NUMBER OF REGISTERED CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECTS FOCUSING ON RENEWABLE ENERGY: 6 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES:
High
Medium
Low
Unknown
Not applicable
Wind
Solar
Hydro
Biomass
Geothermal
Ocean
IRENA welcomes welcomes your your comments comments and and feedback feedback at at statistics@irena.org statistics@irena.org IRENA
TAJIKISTAN
10,000
USD per capita
6,000
kWh per capita
1,000 500 0
2,000
820
Tajikistan
Central Asia
Asia
World

Total Primary Energy Supply: 97.7 PJ - Of which renewables: 56.9 PJ (58.2%) Energy self-sufficiency: 64.4% Fuel imports*: Not available Electricity generation: 16.1 TWh - Of which renewables: 15.8 TWh (98.0%) Electricity use per capita: 1,984 kWh Electrical capacity: 4,426 MW - Of which renewables: 4,037 MW (91.2%) Electricity access rate: 99.9% Share of population using solid fuels*: 34%
* 2010
TARGETS:

Tajikistan
4,000
3,527
1,500
4,513
2,000

1,984
8,000
2,500
2010 2009
9,230
3,000
2,728
Tajikistan

Coal and peat 1% Hydro 59% Oil 9% Hydro 59% Coal and peat 4% Oil 22%
Natural gas 31%
Natural gas 16%
2000: 85.2 PJ
2009: 96.9 PJ
Tax exemptions for
small hydro plants
Order No. 267

on Development of
Law on Power Engineering (amended in 2005)
National Economic Development
Complex Program
on Wide
Signed
the IRENA
Law
on the use of renewable energy
Use of
Small Power
Alternative
Statute
1992
1997
Engineering
2000
2004
Strategy
2007
Energy 2007-2015
2009
2010
WORLD BANK EASE OF DOING BUSINESS INDEX FOR 2012: Ranked 147 out of 183 RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS FROM THE GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTORS: 62 MW of small hydro capacity addition announced (3 projects) NUMBER OF REGISTERED CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECTS FOCUSING ON RENEWABLE ENERGY: 0 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES:
High
Medium
Low
Unknown
Not applicable
Wind
Solar
Hydro
Biomass
Geothermal
Ocean
THAILAND
10,000
USD per capita
6,000
4,614
kWh per capita
1,000 500 0
2,000
Thailand
South-Eastern Asia
Asia
World

Total Primary Energy Supply: 4,492.4 PJ - Of which renewables: 892.5 PJ (19.9%) Energy self-sufficiency: 60.2% Fuel imports*: 31.7 billion USD (17.4% of total imports) Electricity generation: 148.4 TWh - Of which renewables: 10.2 TWh (6.9%) Electricity use per capita: 2,045 kWh Electrical capacity: 47.4 GW - Of which renewables: 4,299 MW (9.1%) Electricity access rate: 99.3% Share of population using solid fuels*: 26%
* 2010
TARGETS:

1,200 MW of wind capacity by 2022 2,000 MW of solar capacity by 2022 1,608 MW of small hydro capacity by 2022 3,630 MW of biomass-fired capacity by 2022 600 MW of biogas-fired capacity by 2022

Thailand
4,000
3,334
1,500
4,513
2,000
8,000
2,500
2010 2009
9,230
3,000
2,728
Thailand

Solid biofuels 20% Hydro 1% Geothermal Coal 0.002% and peat 11%
Liquid biofuels Biogas 1% 0.03% Solid biofuels 19% Hydro 1%
Solar 0.001% Geothermal 0.001% Coal and peat 14%
Natural gas 24%
Oil 44%
Natural gas 27%
Oil 39%
2000: 3,016.4 PJ
2009: 4,489.3 PJ
Strategic Plan for Renewable Energy Development Feed-in tariff (revised in 2009) Solar
thermal subsidy programme
Small Power Purchase Agreements
Very Small Power Purchase Agreements
National Renewable Energies Development Plan 2008-2022
1994
2002
2004
2009
2010
2011
WORLD BANK EASE OF DOING BUSINESS INDEX FOR 2012: Ranked 17 out of 183 RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS FROM THE GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTORS: 60 MW of solar photovoltaic capacity addition by end 2013 (8 projects); 230 MW announced (15 projects) Around 100 MW of wind capacity addition by end 2013 (3 projects); 640 MW announced (10 projects) 6 MW of solar thermal capacity addition announced (1 project) Around 1,100 million litres of bioethanol per year capacity addition announced (9 projects) More than 830 MW of biomass-fired capacity addition announced 71 MW of small hydro capacity addition announced (5 projects) NUMBER OF REGISTERED CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECTS FOCUSING ON RENEWABLE ENERGY: 16 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES:
High
Medium
Low
Unknown
Not applicable
Wind
Solar
Hydro
Biomass
Geothermal
Ocean
IRENA welcomes welcomes your your comments comments and and feedback feedback at at statistics@irena.org statistics@irena.org IRENA
TIMOR-LESTE
1.1 million Population (2010) 875 million USD GDP (2010) 778 USD GDP per capita (2010)
10,000
USD per capita
6,000
kWh per capita
1,000 500 0
2,000
778
Timor-Leste
South-Eastern Asia
Asia
World

Total Primary Energy Supply: 5.0 PJ - Of which renewables: 1.3 PJ (26.4%) Energy self-sufficiency: 2,261.4% Fuel imports*: Not available Electricity generation: 131.7 GWh - Of which renewables: 0.0 GWh (0.0%) Electricity use per capita: 291 kWh (capital only) Electrical capacity: 44 MW - Of which renewables: 0.0 MW (0.0%) Electricity access rate: 22.0% Share of population using solid fuels*: Not available
* 2010
TARGETS:
50% of electricity generation from renewables by 2020

Timor-Leste (capital only)

291
4,000
3,334
1,500
4,513
2,000
8,000
2,500
2010 2009
9,230
3,000
2,728
Timor-Leste
Solid biofuels 34%
Solid biofuels 26%
Oil 66%
Oil 74%
2005: 5.1 PJ
2009: 5.0 PJ
Rural energy
development programme
Signed
the
IRENA
Statute
2005
2009
High
Medium
Low
Unknown
Not applicable
Wind
Solar
Hydro
Biomass
Geothermal
Ocean
TURKMENISTAN
10,000
USD per capita
6,000
kWh per capita
1,000 500 0
2,000
Turkmenistan
Central Asia
Asia
World

Total Primary Energy Supply: 807.4 PJ - Of which renewables: 0.0 PJ (0.0%) Energy self-sufficiency: 213.0% Fuel imports*: Not available Electricity generation: 16.0 TWh - Of which renewables: 3.0 GWh (0.0%) Electricity use per capita: 2,368 kWh Electrical capacity: 2,852 MW - Of which renewables: 1 MW (0.0%) Electricity access rate: 99.9% Share of population using solid fuels*: < 5%
* 2010
TARGETS:

Turkmenistan
4,000
3,527
1,500
3,967
4,513
2,000
8,000
2,500

2,368
2010 2009
9,230
3,000
2,728
Turkmenistan

Hydro 0.003% Natural gas 76% Oil 24% Natural gas 77% Hydro 0.001% Oil 23%
2000: 599.0 PJ
2009: 814.9 PJ
No information
available
High
Medium
Low
Unknown
Not applicable
Wind
Solar
Hydro
Biomass
Geothermal
Ocean
UZBEKISTAN
10,000
USD per capita
6,000
kWh per capita
1,000 500 0
2,000
Uzbekistan
Central Asia
Asia
World

Total Primary Energy Supply: 1,880.8 PJ Of which renewables: 33.6 PJ (1.8%) Energy self-sufficiency: 126.5% Fuel imports*: Not available Electricity generation: 50.0 TWh Of which renewables: 9.3 TWh (18.7%) Electricity use per capita: 1,638 kWh Electrical capacity: 11.6 GW Of which renewables: 1,710 MW (14.8%) Electricity access rate: 99.9% Share of population using solid fuels*: 11%
* 2010
TARGETS:

Uzbekistan
1,397
4,000
3,527
1,500
4,513
2,000
1,755 ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY 1,638
8,000
2,500
2010 2009
9,230
3,000
2,728
Uzbekistan

Hydro Coal 1% and peat 2% Oil 14% Hydro Coal 2% and peat 3% Oil 10%
Natural gas 82%
Natural gas 85%
2000: 2,119.8 PJ
2009: 1881.1 PJ
Decree 476 on
the development of hydro energy
Main Directions of Energy Strategy

up to
Energy Sector Development by
Law on Rational Energy Utilisation

amended
Signed
the
Program
IRENA
2010
2010
Statute
1995
1995
1999
2003
2009
WORLD BANK EASE OF DOING BUSINESS INDEX FOR 2012: Ranked 166 out of 183 RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS FROM THE GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTORS: 71 MW of small hydro capacity addition announced (2 projects) 100 MW of solar photovoltaic capacity addition announced (1 project) 1 MW of wind capacity addition announced (1 project) NUMBER OF REGISTERED CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECTS FOCUSING ON RENEWABLE ENERGY: 0 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES:
High
Medium
Low
Unknown
Not applicable
Wind
Solar
Hydro
Biomass
Geothermal
Ocean
VIETNAM
86.9 Population (2010) 106.4 billion USD GDP (2010) 1,224 USD GDP per capita (2010)
10,000
USD per capita
6,000
kWh per capita
1,000 500 0
2,000
Vietnam
South-Eastern Asia
Asia
World

Total Primary Energy Supply: 2,237.8 PJ - Of which renewables: 724.2 PJ (32.4%) Energy self-sufficiency: 124.3% Fuel imports*: 7.6 billion USD (8.9% of total imports) Electricity generation: 83.2 TWh - Of which renewables: 30.0 TWh (36.1%) Electricity use per capita: 917 kWh Electrical capacity: 15.2 GW - Of which renewables: 5.5 GW (36.3%) Electricity access rate: 97.6% Share of population using solid fuels*: 56%
* 2010
TARGETS:

4.5% of electricity generation from renewables by 2020 6% of electricity generation from renewables by 2030

Vietnam
1,224
4,000
3,334
1,500
983 917 ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY
4,513
2,000
8,000
2,500
2010 2009
9,230
3,000
2,728
Vietnam

Solid biofuels 49%
Coal and peat 15%
Solid biofuels 28%
Coal and peat 24%
Oil 27%
Hydro 5% Natural gas 13% Oil 30%
Hydro 4%
Natural gas 4%
2000: 1,203.1 PJ
2009: 2,224.4 PJ
Renewable Energy Action Plan Decree on
electric power operation and use
Electricity Law
Avoided Cost Tariff (ACT) Regulation
Standardised
power purchase agreement for
National Energy Development Strategy
Renewable
energy development
National Power Development Plan
1999
2001
2004
2008
2008
small renewable energy power plants
2008
2010
plan
2011
WORLD BANK EASE OF DOING BUSINESS INDEX FOR 2012: Ranked 98 out of 183 RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS FROM THE GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTORS: 217 MW of small hydro capacity addition by early 2014 (8 projects); 530 MW announced 325 MW of wind capacity addition by end 2014 (3 projects); more than 500 MW announced (11 projects) More than 460 MW of biomass-fired capacity addition announced (21 projects) 19 MW of geothermal capacity addition announced (1 project) NUMBER OF REGISTERED CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECTS FOCUSING ON RENEWABLE ENERGY: 85 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES:
High
Medium
Low
Unknown
Not applicable
Wind
Solar
Hydro
Biomass
Geothermal
Ocean
glossary
1 Products
Coal comprises the solid fossil fuels consisting of carbonised vegetal matter (hard coal and brown coal) and the products derived from them (e.g. patent fuel, coke, blast furnace gas, coke oven gas). Peat is a solid formed from the partial decomposition of dead vegetation under conditions of high humidity and limited air access. Peat is not considered a renewable resource as its regeneration period is long. Oil covers the liquid fossil hydrocarbons comprising crude oil, liquids extracted from natural gas (NGL), fully or partly processed products from the refining of crude oil (e.g. gasoline, diesel) and functionally similar liquid hydrocarbons and organic chemicals from vegetal or animal origins. Natural gas includes natural gas but excludes natural gas liquids, which are included in oil and oil products. Nuclear shows the primary energy equivalent of the electricity produced by a nuclear power plant assuming an average thermal efficiency of 33%. Wastes are materials no longer required by their holders and which are used as fuels. They comprise municipal waste and industrial waste. Hydro shows the energy content of the electricity produced from devices driven by fresh, flowing or falling water. Hydro output excludes output from pumped storage plants. Biofuels are the solid, liquid or gaseous material obtained from living or recently living organisms (e.g. wood, charcoal, biogasoline, biodiesels, vegetal or animal waste). Solar is the energy that is captured from solar radiation to produce a useful energy output (electricity from solar photovoltaic, heat or electricity from solar thermal). Geothermal is the energy of the heat that is extracted from the earth, usually in the form of heated water or steam. Ocean shows the energy content of the electricity produced by tidal movement, wave motion, ocean current and other sources of marine energy. Wind shows the energy content of the electricity produced by wind turbines. Renewables are sources of energy which are naturally replenished as they are used. They include hydro, biofuels, solar, geothermal, ocean and wind. For the purposes of energy statistics, the renewable portion of municipal waste is also included.
2 Energy national profile box

Total Primary Energy Supply is the net flow of fuel or energy into the national territory from production, external trade, international bunkers and changes in stocks. Note that this value includes electricity trade unlike the pie charts presented later, which can result in small differences in values and the share of renewables. Self-sufficiency is the ratio of domestic production divided by Total Primary Energy Supply. A value below 100% means that the country is a net energy importer, i.e. that it has to import or draw from its stocks the energy needed to meet the part of demand that is not met by domestic production. Conversely, a value above 100% indicates that the country is a net energy exporter. Fuel imports show the amount spent on importing coal and peat, oil, natural gas and electricity in the country. For most countries, this amount includes cost, insurance and freight (CIF) (source http://www.wto.org). Electricity generation is the total amount of electricity produced in power plants (i.e. the gross electricity production). Electricity use is the electricity available for consumption, defined as the sum of domestic production and external trade minus the transmission losses. Electrical capacity is the net maximum installed capacity of all power plants at the end of the year concerned, i.e. the maximum power that can be supplied, continuously, with all of the plant running, at the point of outlet to the network. Electricity access rate is the share of the population with access to electricity Share of population using solid fuels is the percentage of the population that relies on solid biofuels, coal
and peat as the primary source of domestic energy for cooking and heating (source http://www.who.int).
3 Other indicators
World Bank ease of doing business index ranks economies from 1 to 183 in 10 areas of business regulation: starting a business, dealing with construction permits, registering property, getting credit, protecting investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, resolving insolvency and getting electricity (source: http://www.doingbusiness.org). Registered Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project: the CDM allows emission-reduction projects in developing countries to earn certified emission reduc-
tion credits which can be traded and sold, and used by industrialised countries to a meet a part of their emission reduction targets under the Kyoto Protocol. A project is registered when the Executive Board of the CDM gives its final approval (source: http://cdm.unfccc.int).
4 Resources
Note: Data on the assessment of the resources of tidal power and ocean current is not available. Therefore, and for the purposes of the resource assessment only, ocean energy is limited to wave energy. For each renewable energy source, the rating is explained in the table below.
Wind High Several areas with average wind speed above 7 m/s at 50 m high
Solar Several areas with global horizontal irradiation above 1800kWh/m2 per year Several areas with global horizontal irradiation between 1200 and 1800kWh/m2 per year No identified area with global horizontal irradiation above 1200kWh/m2 per year
Hydro One or more sites can be equipped with a large hydropower facility (>10MW)
Biomass Maximum identified theoretical potential above 100PJ incl. agriculture, wood and residues Maximum identified theoretical potential between 10 and 100 PJ incl. agriculture, wood and residues Maximum identified theoretical potential below 10PJ incl. agriculture, wood and residues
Geothermal One or more sites can be equipped with a large scale facility (>10MW)
Ocean Wave power above 30kW/m
Medium
Several areas with average wind speed between 5 and 7 m/s at 50 m high
One or more sites can be equipped with a medium scale hydropower facility (1-10MW)
One or more sites can be equipped with a medium scale facility (1-10MW)
Wave power between 10 and 30kW/m
Low
No area identified with average wind speed above 5 m/s
One or more sites can be equipped with a small scale hydropower facility (<1MW)
One or more sites can be equipped with a small scale facility (<1MW)
Wave power below 10kW/m
Unknown
No data identified by IRENA as yet
I R E N A S e c reta r i a t C 67 O f f i c e B u i l d i n g , K h a l i d i ya h (32 n d ) S t re et P.O. B ox 23 6 , A b u D h a b i , U n i te d A ra b E m i ra te s w w w.i re n a.o rg

C opyr ig ht 2012

Renewable Energy Country Profiles: January 2013 Edition

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RENEWABLE ENERGY COUNTRY PROFILES

January 2013 edition

RENEWABLE ENERGY COUNTRY PROFILE

Figure 2: Electricity use per capita for 2009

USD per capita

kWh per capita

1,500 1,000 500 0

ENERGY NATIONAL PROFILE 2009

ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY

49 ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY

ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY

540 ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY

ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY

ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY

ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY

ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY

ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY

1,755 ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY

ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY

ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY

ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY

ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY

Figure 3: Total Primary Energy Supply* in 2000 and 2009

Solid biofuels 27%

Solid biofuels 49%

Afghanistan National Development

Power Sector Strategy

IRENA welcomes your comments and feedback at statistics@irena.org

RENEWABLE ENERGY COUNTRY PROFILE

Figure 2: Electricity use per capita for 2009

USD per capita

kWh per capita

1,500 1,000 500 0

ENERGY NATIONAL PROFILE 2009

ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY

ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY

ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY

540 ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY 252

ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY

ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY

ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY

ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY

ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY

1,755 ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY

ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY

ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY

ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY

ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY

Figure 3: Total Primary Energy Supply* in 2000 and 2009

Private Sector Power Generation Policy

National Policy Statement

Energy Regulatory Commission Act

Renewable Energy Policy

Small Power Plants in

IRENA welcomes your comments and feedback at statistics@irena.org

RENEWABLE ENERGY COUNTRY PROFILE

Figure 2: Electricity use per capita for 2009

USD per capita

kWh per capita

1,500 1,000 500 0

ENERGY NATIONAL PROFILE 2009

ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY