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VoIP TECHNOLOGY
Submitted in partial fulfillment of award of degree of Bachelor of Technology In Electronics and Communication SUBMITTED BY: ROLL NoB.TECH 3rd YEAR SEMINAR IN-CHARGE Mr. PRADEEP KUMAR
Department Of Electronics and Communication Kamla Nehru Institute of Physical & Social Sciences Faridipur, Sultanpur-228118
Session 2012-13
Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Kamla Nehru Institute of Physical & Social Sciences, Sultanpur CERTIFICATE
This is certified that seminar entitled VOIP TECHNOLOGY which is submitted by Ms.GARIMA BHARDWAJ, B.Tech (Third Year) Electronics and communication, is a partial fulfillment towards the award of Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication Engg. Ms.GARIMA BHARDWAJ, B.Tech (Third Year), Ec, has prepared the seminar under my guidance in the session 2012-13 and delivered it successfully.
Date: March/19/2013 HOD INCHARGE Mr. R .K.YADAV KUMAR Electronics and communication Electronics and communication
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SEMINAR
Mr.PRADEEP
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I thank my seminar guide Mr. PRADEEP KUMAR, Lecturer, for his proper guidance, and valuable suggestions. I am indebted to Mr. R.K. YADAV, the HOD, Electronics and communication division & other faculty members for giving me an opportunity to learn and present the seminar on the topic "voip technology. If not for the above mentioned people my seminar would never have been completed successfully. I once again extend my sincere thanks to all of them.
ABSTRACT
The growing excitement surrounding the transport of telephony services over traditional data networks such as the Internet, corporate-enterprise intranets and new service provider extranets has led to the development of cost efficient gateway equipment based on embedded systems that converts analog telephony information such as voice and fax into packet data suitable for transport over IP, Frame Relay and ATM networks. As a result, the long-time promise of being able to replace or enhance the traditional PBX by combining voice and data services onto a single network can now finally is realized. In order to do so, a very low-cost telephony device capable of directly exchanging IP packets with the data network is required. Development of this 'VoIP Phone' will require the development of a 'system on a chip' which combines digital signal processing functions, microcontroller functions, analog interface, telephone user interface, network interface, and associated glue logic. Voice over IP (VoIP) is an alternative to traditional circuit-switched telephony that allows human voice and video to travel over existing packet data networks along with traditional data packets. This report looks at the functional requirements and features of an IP Telephone and examines the implementation issues that must be considered.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Chap-1 Introduction 10-12
1.1 VoIP Overview 10 1.2 VoIP History 11 1.3 Consumer Market 11-12
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14 2.1.3 14 2.1.4 14-15 2.2 15-16 2.3 16 2.3.1 16-17 2.3.2 17 2.4 18 End to End VoIP Network H.323 Signaling Protocol SIP Signaling Protocol Transport and Signaling Protocol in VoIP Processing of Digital Signal and Compression Sampling Rate Quantization Error
Chap-4
Mobile VoIP
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4.1 21 4.2 22 4.3 23 Software Clients Recent Developments Technologies
Chap-5 VoLTE 24 Chap-6 International VoIP Implementation 25-26 6.1 25-26 Chap-7 conclusion 27-28 References 29 IP telephony in Japan
LIST OF FIGURES
1. Residential Network Using VoIP 11 2. 4-Channel Stereo Multiplexed Analog-to-Digital converter 13 3. Analog-to-Digital conversion Signal 15 4. End to End VoIP Network 18
ABBREVIATIONS
VoIP PSTN Network VoBB IP SMB SIP QoS IETF Force TCP Protocol UDP SCTP User Datagram Protocol Stream Control Transmission Transmission Control Voice over Broad Band Internet Protocol Small to Medium Business Session Initiate Protocol Quality of Service Internet Engineering Task Voice over Internet Protocol Public Switch Telephone
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Protocol HTTP SMTP Protocol MIKEY RAS status PC UMA VoLTE Evolution ITSP Provider HSDPA Access High Speed Downlink Packet Internet Telephony Service Personal Computer Unlicensed Mobile Access Voice over Long Term Multimedia Internet Keying Registration, Admission and Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Simple Mail Transfer
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Chapter-1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 VoIP Overview
Voice over IP (VoIP, or Voice over Internet Protocol) commonly refers to the communication protocols, technologies, methodologies, and transmission techniques involved in the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks. Other terms commonly associated with VoIP are IP telephony, Internet telephony, voice over broadband (VoBB), broadband telephony, and broadband phone. Internet telephony refers to communications services voice, fax, SMS, and/or voice-messaging applications that are transported via the Internet, rather than the public switched telephone network (PSTN). The steps involved in originating a VoIP telephone call are signaling and media channel setup, digitization of the analog voice signal, encoding, packetization, and transmission as Internet Protocol (IP) packets over a packet-switched network. On the receiving side, similar steps such as reception of the IP packets, decoding of the packets and digital-to-analog conversion reproduce the original voice stream. Even though IP Telephony and VoIP are terms that are used interchangeably, they are actually different; IP telephony has to do with digital telephony systems that use IP protocols for voice communication, while VoIP is actually a subset of IP Telephony. VoIP is a technology used by IP telephony as a means of transporting phone calls
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VoIP solutions aimed at businesses have evolved into unified communications services that treat all communicationsphone calls, faxes, voice mail, e-mail, Web conferences and moreas discrete units that can all be delivered via any means and to any handset, including cell phones. Two kinds of competitors are competing in this space: one set is focused on VoIP for medium to large enterprises, while another is targeting the small-to-medium business (SMB) market.
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2.1.2 Accuracy
An ADC has several sources of errors. Quantization error and (assuming the ADC is intended to be linear) non-linearity are intrinsic to any analog-to-digital conversion. There is also a so-called aperture error which is due to a clock jitter and is revealed when digitizing a time-variant signal (not a constant value). These errors are measured in a unit called the least significant bit (LSB). In the above example of an eight-bit ADC, an error of one LSB is 1/256 of the full signal range, or about 0.4%.
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compression algorithm. The compressed data is sent over the network and once it reaches its destination, it is decompressed back to its original state before being decoded. In most cases, however, it is not necessary to decompress the data back, since the compressed data is already in a consumable state.
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* * * * * * * *
caller and calling ``number'' delivery, where numbers can be any (preferably unique) naming scheme; personal mobility, i.e., the ability to reach a called party under a single, location independent address even when the user changes terminals; terminal-type negotiation and selection: a caller can be given a choice how to reach the party, e.g., via Internet telephony, mobile phone etc terminal capability negotiation; caller and caller authentication; Invitations to multicast conferences.
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3.2 Disadvantages
* * * * * Loss of service during outages Without power VoIP phones are useless so in case of emergencies during power cut it can be a major disadvantage. With VOIP emergency calls, it is hard to locate you and send help in time. Some times during calls, there may be periods of silence when data is lost while it is being unscrambled. Latency, traffic and no standard protocol applicable.
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contain protocol headers, so this increases relative header overhead on every link traversed, not just the bottleneck (usually Internet access) link.
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manufacturers exploit more powerful processors and less costly memory to meet user needs for ever-more 'power in their pocket'. Smartphones in mid-2006 are capable of sending and receiving email, browsing the web (albeit at low rates) and in some cases allowing a user to watch TV. Juniper research predicts that mobile VoIP users will exceed 100 million by 2012 and InStat projects 288 million subscribers by 2013. The challenge for the mobile operator industry is to deliver the benefits and innovations of IP without losing control of the network service. Users like the Internet to be free and high speed without extra charges for visiting specific sites. Such a service challenges the most valuable service in the telecommunications industry voice and threatens to change the nature of the global communications industry.
4.1 Technologies
Mobile VoIP relies on two main technologies:
the
standard used by most VoIP services, and now being implemented on mobile
handsets.
Aircel's battle with some companies allowing VoIP calls on flights is another example of the growing conflict of interest between incumbent operators and new VoIP operators. The company xG Technology, Inc. claims to have produced a mobile VoIP and data system operating in the license-free ISM 900 MHz band (902 MHz 928 MHz). xMax is an end-to-end Internet Protocol (IP) system infrastructure that is currently deployed in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.[4]
Bulk Mobile Dialer for VOIP Companies. Companies like Ascent Telecom (Endura Mobile Dialer), REVE Systems (iTel Mobile Dialer Express), adoresoft, etc. have released Mobile dialers which can be used by other VoIP Providers. REVE Systems, which is a premium VoIP solution provider company, claims that iTel Mobile Dialer Express, which is a Mobile Dialer application for Internet telephony service provider, supports largest range of Symbian Based Nokia handsets. ITel Mobile Dialer Express is also known as "lightest Mobile Dialer" in the industry is available for Symbian, Windows and Blackberry operating System based Mobile Phones.
Mobile Dialers available for retail end user. Many VoIP companies have started providing their customers with a mVoIP client/Mobile Dialer to use the product directly from the user's capable mobile phones
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time on the handset. The VoLTE solution eliminates that by putting all the work on your carriers network instead.
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Where the IP telephony is assigned normal telephone number (0AB-J), the condition for its interconnection is considered same as normal telephony.
Where the IP telephony is assigned specific telephone number (050), the condition for its interconnection is described below: * Interconnection is sometimes charged. (Sometimes, it is free of charge.) In case of free-of-charge, mostly, communication traffic is exchanged via a P2P connection with the same VoIP standard. Otherwise, certain conversions are needed at the point of the VoIP gateway which incurs operating costs. Since September 2002, the MIC has assigned IP telephony telephone numbers
on the condition that the service falls into certain required categories of quality. High-quality IP telephony is assigned a telephone number, normally starting with the digits 050. When VoIP quality is so high that a customer has difficulty telling the difference between it and a normal telephone, and when the provider relates its number with a location and provides the connection with emergency call capabilities, the provider is allowed to assign a normal telephone number, which is a so-called "0AB-J" number. Voice over IP can be used together with static IP addresses so that one can talk to any computer just the way one uses internet, but instead he can access IP-address as definitive unique 'internet voip'-phone number.
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Chapter-7 CONCLUSION
In this document, I have explained how VoIP in virtual environments can be achieved and what factors play an important role. Additionally, I described my own work on this topic. Now, what are the conclusions that can be drawn from all this? When we consider VoIP applications in general, they will probably become more widely used as time evolves. Currently, the main problem for such applications is the lack of QoS guarantees. When QoS supporting protocols like RSVP are used on a larger scale, this will certainly make VoIP more popular since people can then communicate with the quality that they desire. On LANs, where there is normally plenty of bandwidth, VoIP applications can already be used with little or no problems. However, on a larger scale, like the Internet, such QoS providing protocols will be necessary to make VoIP applications perform adequately. In the computer industry, everything evolves very rapidly. Therefore, I assume that the available bandwidth on networks will keep getting larger. This will also be helpful for the spreading of VoIP applications. When the available capacity is sufficiently large, even high quality sound will be possible, which will certainly be a stimulus for the use of VoIP programs. Furthermore, since compression techniques are still improving, such high-quality communications will be available even sooner. Standards like H.323 and SIP make interoperability between applications of different developers possible. This way, people can choose from a variety of VoIP applications and use the ones they like the most. In turn, this will stimulate the use of VoIP. Also, since more applications will be developed, the possibilities of these applications will keep growing and improving. The use of VoIP as a telephony alternative can save quite some costs. Since voice and
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data traffic can be integrated, the necessary infrastructure to provide both services is reduced. This integration will also make better use of the available bandwidth: first of all, bandwidth on a network is rarely entirely filled with data traffic. Second, classic telephone calls waste a lot of bandwidth since this bandwidth is reserved for the two parties even when someone is not speaking. Making long distance telephone calls over the Internet or another IP network will also be cheaper than using the telephone network for this purpose. For VoIP in networked virtual environments there are certainly a lot of possible applications. Currently, there are not many programs which provide this functionality, but I definitely believe that this will change. When better quality can be guaranteed, such applications can be an attractive alternative to chat environments like IRC. As CPU power keeps growing and more dedicated hardware becomes available, better sound localization will improve the realism of the virtual environment. This in turn will make VoIP in virtual environments even more attractive. Among these programs, the Internet telephony application and the 3D environment are quite useful. When enough bandwidth is available, they allow good quality conversations. These programs also made me realize that VoIP has a lot of potential for future development.
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REFERENCES
1. H.323 and Associated http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cis788-99/h323/index.html Protocols,
2. Voip Products, services and issues, http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cis788-99/voip_products/index.html 3. Voice Over IP: Protocols and Standards, http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cis788-99/voip_protocols/index.html 4. Voice over IP [Audio/Video http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cis788-99/h_8voip.htm 5. Voice over IP: Issues http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/talks/voip.htm and recording], Challenges,
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