PHP: Integers - Manual

http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.types.integer.php

[edit] Last updated: Fri, 20 Apr 2012

Integers
An integer is a number of the set = {..., -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, ...}. See also: Arbitrary length integer / GMP Floating point numbers Arbitrary precision / BCMath

Syntax
Integers can be specified in decimal (base 10), hexadecimal (base 16), octal (base 8) or binary (base 2) notation, optionally preceded by a sign (- or +). Binary integer literals are available since PHP 5.4.0. To use octal notation, precede the number with a 0 (zero). To use hexadecimal notation precede the number with 0x. To use binary notation precede the number with 0b. Example #1 Integer literals <?php $a = 1234; $a = -123; $a = 0123; $a = 0x1A; ?>

// // // //

decimal number a negative number octal number (equivalent to 83 decimal) hexadecimal number (equivalent to 26 decimal)

Formally, the structure for integer literals is: decimal : [1-9][0-9]* | 0

hexadecimal : 0[xX][0-9a-fA-F]+ octal binary : 0[0-7]+ : 0b[01]+

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integer

: | | |

[+-]?decimal [+-]?hexadecimal [+-]?octal [+-]?binary

The size of an integer is platform-dependent, although a maximum value of about two billion is the usual value (that's 32 bits signed). 64-bit platforms usually have a maximum value of about 9E18. PHP does not support unsigned integers. Integer size can be determined using the constant PHP_INT_SIZE, and maximum value using the constant PHP_INT_MAX since PHP 4.4.0 and PHP 5.0.5.

Warning If an invalid digit is given in an octal integer (i.e. 8 or 9), the rest of the number is ignored. Example #2 Octal weirdness <?php var_dump(01090); // 010 octal = 8 decimal ?>

Integer overflow
If PHP encounters a number beyond the bounds of the integer type, it will be interpreted as a float instead. Also, an operation which results in a number beyond the bounds of the integer type will return a float instead.

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Example #3 Integer overflow on a 32-bit system <?php $large_number = 2147483647; var_dump($large_number); $large_number = 2147483648; var_dump($large_number); $million = 1000000; $large_number = 50000 * $million; var_dump($large_number); ?>

// int(2147483647)

// float(2147483648)

// float(50000000000)

Example #4 Integer overflow on a 64-bit system <?php $large_number = 9223372036854775807; var_dump($large_number); $large_number = 9223372036854775808; var_dump($large_number); $million = 1000000; $large_number = 50000000000000 * $million; var_dump($large_number); ?>

// int(9223372036854775807)

// float(9.2233720368548E+18)

// float(5.0E+19)

There is no integer division operator in PHP. 1/2 yields the float 0.5. The value can be casted to an integer to round it downwards, or the round() function provides finer control over rounding.

<?php var_dump(25/7); // float(3.5714285714286) var_dump((int) (25/7)); // int(3) var_dump(round(25/7)); // float(4) ?>

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Converting to integer
To explicitly convert a value to integer, use either the (int) or (integer) casts. However, in most cases the cast is not needed, since a value will be automatically converted if an operator, function or control structure requires an integer argument. A value can also be converted to integer with the intval() function. See also: type-juggling. From booleans FALSE will yield 0 (zero), and TRUE will yield 1 (one). From floating point numbers When converting from float to integer, the number will be rounded towards zero. If the float is beyond the boundaries of integer (usually +/- 2.15e+9 = 2^31 on 32-bit platforms and +/- 9.22e+18 = 2^63 on 64-bit platforms), the result is undefined, since the float doesn't have enough precision to give an exact integer result. No warning, not even a notice will be issued when this happens!

Warning Never cast an unknown fraction to integer, as this can sometimes lead to unexpected results.

<?php echo (int) ( (0.1+0.7) * 10 ); // echoes 7! ?> See also the warning about float precision.

From strings See String conversion to numbers From other types

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Caution The behaviour of converting to integer is undefined for other types. Do not rely on any observed behaviour, as it can change without notice.

User Contributed Notes

Integers

shirne at 126 dot com 24-Feb-2012 01:35 <?php $a=2; echo (0x00+2); //4 echo '<br />'; echo (0x0 -$a); // -2 echo '<br />'; echo (0x0 -2); // -4 echo '<br />'; echo (0x0 +2); // 4 echo '<br />'; echo (0x00 + 2); //2 ?> What's wrong? Richard 16-Apr-2011 09:53 Integer arithmetic in PHP is more accurate than one might think. On a 32-bit system, the largest value that can be held in an INT is 2147483647. However, a FLOAT can accurately hold integer values up to 10000000000000. (this is because the significand precision of a double is 53-bits). php at keith tyler dot com 13-Apr-2011 11:08 If you need to convert a numeric string (or more to the point, an object that represents a numeric value) that is greater then PHP_INT_MAX, and you don't have GMP or BCMath installed, you can cast to float.

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For example, when using SimpleXMLElement, you sometimes have to cast the extracted values, such as xml attributes, because they are returned as SimpleXMLElements and not their values' native types. While print() has no trouble with converting them, other functions, such as max(), might not. But if you cast such a value with (int), and it is over PHP_INT_MAX, you will just get PHP_INT_MAX (and vice versa for negative numbers). The Q&D no-muss solution is to cast to (float) instead. pere dot cil at wanadoo dot fr 15-Mar-2011 01:59 Please also note that the maximum stored in the integer depends on the platform / compilation; on windows xp 32 bits, the following value: 0x5468792130ABCDEF echoes to: 6.0822444802213E+18 (cast to float) On a fully 64 bits system, it echoes to: 6082244480221302255 iletras at yahoo dot com 11-Oct-2010 08:19 //This is a (simpler ?) function to return number of digits of an integer. //function declaration function count_digit($number) { return strlen((string) $number); } //function call $num = 12312; $number_of_digits = count_digit($num); //this is call :) echo $number_of_digits; //prints 5 sean dot gilbertson at gmail dot com 08-Jan-2009 01:57 You can make a signed, negative integer an unsigned integer (in string form) by doing the following:

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<?php $unsigned = sprintf('%u', -5); echo $unsigned; // prints 4294967291 ?> Giovanni 30-Oct-2008 10:22 why not just using logarithms? $num_of_digits = (int)(log($num,$base) +1); I think this should be more performant (as it relies on the math coprocessor) and it could be extended to number of digits representing the number in any base, not just decimal Hamza Burak Ylmaz 24-Oct-2008 02:36 <?php //This is a simple function to return number of digits of an integer. //function declaration function count_digit($number) { $digit = 0; do { $number /= 10; //$number = $number / 10; $number = intval($number); $digit++; }while($number!=0); return $digit; } //function call $num = 12312; $number_of_digits = count_digit($num); //this is call :) echo $number_of_digits; //prints 5 ?> wbcarts at juno dot com 06-Oct-2008 06:25

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PHP offers a slew of built-in functions and automatic type-casting routines which can get pretty complicated. But most of the time, you still have to take matters into your own hands and allow PHP to do its thing. In that case, and something that has NOT been mentioned, is how to construct your code. To keep things simple, I divide all my scripts in half. The top half gives my scripts the "capability" they need, and the lower half is the actual code to be "run" or "executed". <?php /* * build the program's capability - define variables and functions... */ $item_label = ''; // type string $item_price = 0.0; // type float $item_qty = 1; // type integer $item_total = 0.0; // type float - to set use calculate() function calculate(){ global $item_price, $item_qty, $item_total; $item_price = number_format($item_price, 2); $item_total = number_format(($item_price * $item_qty), 2); } function itemToString() { global $item_label, $item_price, $item_qty, $item_total; return "$item_label [price=\$$item_price, qty=$item_qty, total=\$$item_total]"; } /* * run the program - set data, call methods... */ $item_label = "Coffee"; $item_price = 3.89; $item_qty = 2; calculate(); // set $item_total echo itemToString(); // -> Coffee [price=$3.89, qty=2, total=$7.78] $item_label = "Chicken"; $item_price = .80; // $item_qty = 3.5; // calculate(); // echo itemToString(); // ?>

per lb. lbs. set $item_total -> Chicken [price=$0.80, qty=3.5, total=$2.80]

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Note: All type-casting is done by PHP's built-in number_format() method. This allows our program to enter any number (float or int) on item price or quantity in the runtime part of our script. Also, if we explicitly cast values to integer in the capability part of our script, then we start getting results that may not be desirable for this program. For example, if in the calculate method we cast item_qty to integer, then we can no longer sell chicken by the pound! dbmuller at gmail dot com 18-Aug-2008 04:43 be careful relying on PHP's data type handling. formatting them for insertion. I have a class that handles database calls and in there a function to handle types and

<?php case constants::int: $returnString = ($valueString >= 0) ? $valueString : "null"; break; ?> Will evaluate to false if a user enters "0" since PHP thinks that the 0 is a Boolean. <?php case constants::int: $returnString = ((int)$valueString >= 0) ? (int)$valueString : "null"; break; ?> rustamabd at gmail dot com 04-Aug-2008 04:45 Be very careful with code that relies on integer overflow. Negative overflow is handled differently on different platforms. For example, this code: <?php echo (int)-3000000000; // a 32bit negative overflow ?> ... outputs 1294967296 on Windows, and -2147483648 on FreeBSD. (Tested with php 5.2.6, freebsd 7.0) eric 11-Jun-2008 01:50 In response to the comment by me at troyswanson dot net: -2147483648 falls into the range of 32 bit signed integers yet php treats it as a float. However, -2147483647-1 is treated as an integer. The following code fixes it:

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The following code demonstrates: <?php var_dump(-2147483648); //float(-2147483648) var_dump(-2147483647 - 1); //int(-2147483648) ?> This is probably very similar to the MS C bug which also treats -2147483648 as an UNSIGNED because it thinks it's out of the range of a signed int. The problem is that the parser does not view "-x" as a single token, but rather as two, "-" and "x". INT, it is promoted to float, even though in this unique case, "-x" is in the range of an int. Since "x" is out of the range of an

The best cure is probably to replace "-2147483648" with "0x80000000", as that is the hexadecimal equivalent of the same number. Hope that helps explain what's going on Peace - Eric / fez winterheat 10-Jun-2008 03:25 PHP_INT_SIZE seems to be 8 when it is 64 bit integers... so 8 means the number of bytes, or number of 8-bits. Elliott Brueggeman 06-Feb-2008 07:52 Don't forget about the integer minimum value. From my experimentation, the lowest valid integer is (PHP_INT_MAX * -1)-1. All values smaller than this fail the is_int() test, even though the may appear to act normally during mathematic operations. More info on this: http://www.ebrueggeman.com/blog/php/integers-and-floating-numbers/ bart at NOvankuikSPAM dot nl 09-Jan-2008 01:06 When handling very large numbers in PHP, you'll notice they get cut off at hexadecimal 7FFFF FFFF. Sometimes, you don't need to use these numbers in an actual calculation in PHP (i.e. just editing and displaying), and just need to save them in a database. In that case, you can let MySQL handle the conversion from and to hexadecimal notation. In the example below, engineers need to save hexadecimal addresses up to FFFF FFFF. To update such a value in MySQL, use the following query, where 'addr' is a column with type unsigned integer(10). <?php

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$query = " UPDATE hardware_register SET name = ?, type = ?, addr = conv(?, 16, 10) WHERE id = ? "; ?> And selecting: <?php $query = " SELECT name, type, conv(addr, 10, 16) FROM hardware_register WHERE id = ? "; ?> Note that you'll have to treat the resulting addr column as a string everywhere in PHP. You can't do conversions like: <?php $addr_decimal = sprintf("%X", $addr_column); ?> because that'll result in $addr_decimal having the cut-off, maximum int value. autotelic at NOOOOSPAM dot hotmail dot com 29-Nov-2007 10:36 A note about converting IP addresses for storage in database. For MySQL, this is unnecessary as it has built in support via the INET functions. Also, there is no need to use BIGINT. UNSIGNED INT is, at 4 bytes, the perfect size for holding an IP (column must be defined as UNSIGNED). This can basically halve the storage size, as BIGINT is an 8 byte data type. INET_ATON() converts a dotted IP string to INT: INSERT table(ip) VALUES(INET_ATON('127.0.0.1')); INET_NTOA() converts an INT to dotted IP string: SELECT INET_NTOA(ip) FROM table returns '127.0.0.1'

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Details: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/miscellaneous-functions.html darkshire 16-Nov-2007 04:56 d_n at NOSPAM dot Loryx dot com 13-Aug-2007 05:33 Here are some tricks to convert from a "dotted" IP address to a LONG int, and backwards. This is very useful because accessing an IP addy in a database table is very much faster if it's stored as a BIGINT rather than in characters. IP to BIGINT: <?php $ipArr = $ip = + + + ; ?>

explode('.',$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']); $ipArr[0] * 0x1000000 $ipArr[1] * 0x10000 $ipArr[2] * 0x100 $ipArr[3]

This can be written in a bit more efficient way: <?php $ipArr = explode('.',$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']); $ip = $ipArr[0]<<24 + $ipArr[1]<<16 + $ipArr[2] <<8 + $ipArr[3] ; ?> shift is more cheaper. Paul 04-Sep-2007 11:46 "always round it downwards" It seems to truncate, or round toward zero, rather than downward. If the float is negative, it is rounded up. d_n at NOSPAM dot Loryx dot com 13-Aug-2007 05:33 Here are some tricks to convert from a "dotted" IP address to a LONG int, and backwards. This is very useful because accessing an IP addy

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in a database table is very much faster if it's stored as a BIGINT rather than in characters. IP to BIGINT: <?php $ipArr = $ip = + + + ; ?>

explode('.',$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']); $ipArr[0] * 0x1000000 $ipArr[1] * 0x10000 $ipArr[2] * 0x100 $ipArr[3]

IP as BIGINT read from db back to dotted form: Keep in mind, PHP integer operators are INTEGER -- not long. Also, since there is no integer divide in PHP, we save a couple of S-L-O-W floor (<division>)'s by doing bitshifts. We must use floor(/) for $ipArr[0] because though $ipVal is stored as a long value, $ipVal >> 24 will operate on a truncated, integer value of $ipVal! $ipVint is, however, a nice integer, so we can enjoy the bitshifts. <?php $ipVal = $row['client_IP']; $ipArr = array(0 => floor( $ipVal / 0x1000000) ); $ipVint = $ipVal-($ipArr[0]*0x1000000); // for clarity $ipArr[1] = ($ipVint & 0xFF0000) >> 16; $ipArr[2] = ($ipVint & 0xFF00 ) >> 8; $ipArr[3] = $ipVint & 0xFF; $ipDotted = implode('.', $ipArr); ?> me at troyswanson dot net 12-Jun-2007 03:11 This note applies to machines that are using a 32 bit integer size. number 2^63-1). I imagine the same results occur in 64 bit machines as well (with the

-2147483648 falls into the range of 32 bit signed integers (0b10000000000000000000000000000000), yet php treats it as a float. -2147483647-1 is treated as an integer. The following code demonstrates: <?php var_dump(-2147483648); //float(-2147483648)

However,

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var_dump(-2147483647 - 1); //int(-2147483648) ?> Regards Jacek 10-Mar-2007 04:51 On 64 bits machines max integer value is 0x7fffffffffffffff (9 223 372 036 854 775 807). 09-Mar-2007 07:26 To force the correct usage of 32-bit unsigned integer in some functions, just add '+0' for example echo(dechex("2724838310")); will print '7FFFFFFF' but it should print 'A269BBA6' When adding '+0' php will handle the 32bit unsigned integer correctly echo(dechex("2724838310"+0)); will print 'A269BBA6' popefelix at gmail dot com 21-Dec-2006 06:50 Be careful when using integer conversion to test something to see if it evaluates to a positive integer or not. behaviour. To wit: <?php error_reporting(E_ALL); require_once 'Date.php'; $date = new Date(); print "\$date is an instance of " . get_class($date) . "\n"; $date += 0; print "\$date is now $date\n"; var_dump($date); $foo = new foo(); print "\$foo is an instance of " . get_class($foo) . "\n"; You might get unexpected just before processing them.

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$foo += 0; print "\$foo is now $foo\n"; var_dump($foo); class foo { var $bar = 0; var $baz = "la lal la"; var $bak; function foo() { $bak = 3.14159; } } ?> After the integer conversion, you might expect both $foo and $date to evaluate to 0. $date is an instance of Date Notice: Object of class Date could not be converted to int in /home/kpeters/work/sketches/ObjectSketch.php on line 7 $date is now 1 int(1) $foo is an instance of foo Notice: Object of class foo could not be converted to int in /home/kpeters/work/sketches/ObjectSketch.php on line 13 $foo is now 1 int(1) This is because the objects are first converted to boolean before being converted to int. rustamabd@gmail-you-know-what 12-Dec-2006 01:42 Be careful with using the modulo operation on big numbers, it will cast a float argument to an int and may return wrong results. For example: <?php $i = 6887129852; echo "i=$i\n"; echo "i%36=".($i%36)."\n"; echo "alternative i%36=".($i-floor($i/36)*36)."\n"; ?> Will output: However, this is not the case:

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i=6.88713E+009 i%36=-24 alternative i%36=20 jmw254 at cornell dot edu 25-Aug-2006 10:14 Try this one instead: function iplongtostring($ip) { $ip=floatval($ip); // otherwise it is capped at 127.255.255.255 $a=($ip>>24)&255; $b=($ip>>16)&255; $c=($ip>>8)&255; $d=$ip&255; return "$a.$b.$c.$d"; } rickard_cedergren at yahoo dot com 27-Jan-2005 01:15 When doing large subtractions on 32 bit unsigned integers the result sometimes end up negative. My example script converts a IPv4 address represented as a 32 bit unsigned integer to a dotted quad (similar to ip2long()), and adds a "fix" to the operation. /************************** * int_oct($ip) * Convert INTeger rep of IP to octal (dotted quad) */ function int_oct($ip) { /* Set variable to float */ settype($ip, float); /* FIX for silly PHP integer syndrome */ $fix = 0; if($ip > 2147483647) $fix = 16777216; if(is_numeric($ip)) { return(sprintf("%u.%u.%u.%u", $ip / 16777216,

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(($ip % 16777216) + $fix) / 65536, (($ip % 65536) + $fix / 256) / 256, ($ip % 256) + $fix / 256 / 256 ) ); } else { return(''); } } 23-Dec-2003 10:18 Sometimes you need to parse an unsigned 32 bit integer. Here's a function I 've used: function parse_unsigned_int($string) { $x = (float)$string; if ($x > (float)2147483647) $x -= (float)"4294967296"; return (int)$x; }

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