Chair of Integrated Analog Circuits and RF Systems

Exercises for the lecture RF Systems

Contact person: Iyappan Subbiah iyappan.subbiah@ias.rwth-aachen.de 0241 80 20154 Walter-Schottky-Haus, Sommerfeldstr. 24, 3. Stock, Flur C

Modulation
*R B W 5k H z *V B W3 0 0H z *S W T1 7 0m s
Marker 1 [T1] -45.48 dBm 2.44 GHz

Figure 1 shows a Bluetooth spectrum.

R e f2 0d B m
2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 2 0

A t t 5d B

C e n t e r 2 . 4 4G H z

5 0 0k H z /
Figure 1: Bluetooth spectrum.

S p a n 5M H z

1.1. Calculate the 3 dB, 20 dB and 60 dB bandwidth of the spectrum depicted in gure 1. 1.2. Calculate the bandwidth eciency for the following signals: (a) 3 MBit/s mode Bluetooth (bandwidth 1 MHz) (b) 1 MBit/s mode Bluetooth (20 dB bandwidth from exercise ) (c) 1 MBit/s mode Bluetooth Low Energy (20 dB bandwidth out of gure 2)

Exercises RF Systems - WS 2012 - Page 1

Chair of Integrated Analog Circuits and RF Systems

* RBW * VBW

5 kHz 300 Hz 170 ms

Marker 1 [T1 ] -47.31 dBm 2.440008013 GHz ndB [T1] BW 20.00 dB

Ref
- 20

-20 dBm

Att

5 dB

* SWT

1.161858974 MHz -67.37 dBm 2.439423077 GHz

- 30

Temp 1 [T1 ndB]

- 40

Temp 2 [T1 ndB] 1 -67.62 dBm 2.440584936 GHz

- 50

- 60

T1
- 70

T2

- 80

- 90

- 10 0

- 11 0

- 12 0

Center

2.44 GHz

500 kHz/

Span

5 MHz

Figure 2: Bluetooth Low Energy spectrum.

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Chair of Integrated Analog Circuits and RF Systems

1.3. Calculate the phase of the QPSK and DQPSK signal for the given bit sequence in table 2 and plot phase and phase transitions in the given constellation diagrams. Signal 0 1 2 3 Bit 00 01 10 11 QPSK Phase +45 +135 +225 +315 DQPSK Phase Transition +45 +135 -135 -45

Table 1: Phase Coding.

Signal 0 3 1 0 1 0

Bit -

QPSK Phase 0

DQPSK Phase 0

Table 2: Phase values.

Q(t) 1 0.5

Q(t) 1

-1

-0.5 -0.5

0.5

1 I(t) -1

1 I(t)

-1 -1
(a) Constellation Diagram QPSK. (b) Constellation Diagram DQPSK.

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Chair of Integrated Analog Circuits and RF Systems

1.4. Plot the timedomain waveforms of a MSK and ASK signal for the given bit sequence and calculate the energy of both signals (integral of signal). Bit sequence: 11010010 1: 1V 0: 0V R=1 Ts = 50 s MSK Amplitude= 1 V Frequency for signal = 0 f1 = 20 kHz Frequency for signal = 1 f2 = ? ASK Amplitude= 1 V Carrier frequency fc = 20 kHz

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Chair of Integrated Analog Circuits and RF Systems

0.5

Output [V]

-0.5

-1 0

50

100

150

Time [ s]

200

250

300

350

400

Figure 3: Baseband signal.

1

0.5

Output [V]

-0.5

-1 0

50

100

150

Time [ s]

200

250

300

350

400

Figure 4: ASK signal.

1

0.5

Output [V]

-0.5

-1 0

50

100

150

Time [ s]

200

250

300

350

400

Figure 5: MSK signal.

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Chair of Integrated Analog Circuits and RF Systems

Figure 6 shows the construction of an eye diagram.

Amplitude

Time

Break the waveform into two Symbol time Sections (length 2T S)

Overlay each section onto the same time axis

Amplitude

Time Eye Diagram

Figure 6: Explanation for eye diagram. Eye diagrams are useful tools to measure dierent signal properties. They are very common for high speed data links. In gure 7 several signal parameters which can be measured out of an eye diagram are shown.

DA is a measure for the amount of distortion at sampling instant and is related to signal SNR. MN characterizes which amount of noise can be tolerated by the signal. JT is a measure for the timing jitter. The time over which a successfully sampling is possible is called ST and is equal to the opening of the eye. A good signal has a wide open eye diagram which is equal to a large MN and ST . 1.5. Quantify DA , MN , JT and ST out of the given eye diagrams in gure 8 and 9.

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Chair of Integrated Analog Circuits and RF Systems

Optimum sampling time JT

1 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 Symbol Time Intervals 1.6 1.8

ST DA MN

Figure 7: Legend eye diagram.

1 Amplitude [V] 0.5 0 - 0.5 -1 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 Symbol Time Intervals 1.6 1.8

Figure 8: Eye diagram 1.

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Chair of Integrated Analog Circuits and RF Systems

1 Amplitude [V] 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 Symbol Time intervals 1.6 1.8

Figure 9: Eye diagram 2.

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