W7AR DEPARTMENT,) NOM~ON DVSO.

i NII~R ER
lUMB

A. G. O. ~MLTR NFRAINDVSO.2

RE~PORT

ON TILE

ORGAN IZATION

OF

THEi GERMANB ARMY.Y

BY

MA~sJOR TH~EODOR~E 8 ~,
SCHWAN

ASSISTANT ADJUTANT GENERAL, U. S. ARMY.

NG-T ON
W7~ASH~I
GOVERNMENT PRINTINGt OFFICE.
1894;.
 CH-APTER I--MILITARY S5ERVICE.
Liability to military service-9ge
Service in the standing army-____________________9
'The landwehr----^---------
TCheerisatz reserve-,,,,
The landstnrm-1
Exceptions to rules touching commencement and length of service-__~__ ___10

CHAPTERL 11-PEACE STRENGTH.

Legislation in reference to the peace strength of the standing army--___________ _______11

Cost of military and naval establishments, 1872-93--1___,l2
~L
nsions-1
Organizationand aggregatestrength of the various arms and corps.--13________________
Variation in the strength of organizations wit~hin the same arm--14---------''--

CHAP~TER ILl-OFFIcEns.
Principles governing the promotion of officers--17
Oversinughing of officers, its effect--17___,_________l
Assignment (promotion) to the higher commands-___ --- '---18--------
The company--______~________ ________ _____18
The battalion--18___,
The regiment __,________----------15
The brigade--____________ _~_____ _____ _____19
The division--19__________
\The army corps--___________________ ------ ' 19
The infantry instroction battalion--21
Conditions of admission to the corps of officers--_____________ 212
Offc~ers of the reserve and landwehr--24
The training of the army--2__ _______ _____ ;______ __________ 5
Powers and duties of' the commander-in-chief, and hris relations to the contingents composing the army - - - 26
Noncommissioned officers-3

CHAPTER IV-" INSPECTIONS."

Inspections of special arms, technical and educational institutes, etc--________________ 33
The cavalry inspections--________ _____ ____33
The inspection of field artillery --- ~-----------'"-I- 33
The general inspection of foot artillery--_. ___ ____________________ ___ 33
Inspections of artillery depots--__________~____ _________ ____34
Of the artillery mannfacturing,establishments--_ ________________ _____34
Of the small arms and cartridge factories______--_________34
The chief of the artillery proving commission (Ar~tii~l~re Pr)iifucngs-Uormnz u8sion) -- ____: _ 35____
j
The general inspection of the engineer an~d pioneer corps and of fortresses_________---~----35
The inspection of rifles and sharpshooters-_______ ________ _________ _ 35
The general inspection of the system of military education and training--____ _____ _____35
The superior military committee on studies--36
The superior military examnination committee--36
The inspection of war schools--____________________36
The corps of cadets--_ _________ ____36
The combined artillery and engineer school at Berlin-- _______ ________ ____ 37
The inspection of the infantry schools--__________37
(3)
 CHAPITER V-THE PRUSSIAN WVAR MINISTRY.
Page.
Nature and general scope-39,,__,__, ____ ________,__ _______
The central division-39 _,, _,,, _,,_,___ __,_, _,,_,,__, _
The general war department-39 _____ _. ____________ ___ _______
The department of military ecomomy-40_,____________~__________ _______
The department for the invalid system__-40_______________ ________ _
The arms department-40________,________ __________. __
The remount division-40__:____________ _____ ________
The medicinal division-40_____,,,,,, __, ______,___,_,______
The division for personal affairs-40_.____ ________ ______________

CHAPTER VI--WVAR STRENGTH.

Wm7arorganization, preparatory measures--__________________ _____ ______ 41
Supposed war strength. of peace cadres and new formations_.--_ ______,_,___________42
Aggregate war strength_ ____--45___ _________________________
Reasons adduced for and against the increase of the strength of the army--__________ .. _____45
Provisions of the newly enacted army law--47____________,__ _ _____ _ __ _____

CHAPTER VIJ--THE G~ENERAL STAF`F.

General remarks. The term general staff defined-.-,_________._ _____ _________ __49
Historical sketch _,_--50______________ _,,,_,,,_____,,
Present organiz;ation--60 ---- _-----_._----_____ ,_________
The peace establi~shmenet (F7riedensetat)--6 __________ ______ _________r- i- 0
The war establishment--_________ __________62
Status and sphere of~ ~uty_,,T~-- )--------------------------------·----- 62
The chief of the general staff of the army___-- _________ __________ ______-__ 612
The superior quartermasters--____________________62
The general staff officers serving with troops or at fortresses--___ _ ___ _______________62
The great general staff--63_ ___ _____ ______ ___ ______~___
Central division--63, _ ___ __,_-__- ,,,,,_, _ .,_,,_, _,_,
First division,_,--63--__-- __- _ ,-_- ___- ,,,, _____ ,
Second division--63_____---- _-_-_-_---___ ___________ ,,,,,,,
Third division _,_---- ---------- -_----63_ ,,__,,_ _
Fourth division____--63,-____-------__. __,- ,,,,-,, __
The railway division -- ------ _,, ,______ ____ 64____---
UVJVIV lllitaryhIistorVLy -,,,,,,,,
Theiviioofi -,,,-,,,-,_ ,,, ,___64
The geographical statistical division--,,,_____, ____,__65
The chief of the survey--,,_, ______________,_65
The trigonometrical division-___ .__,,-___^._____-~-,,,, ______,_,_____ 65
The topographical division_--65__. __,-_-_,, ,_r ___________,___
The cartographical division ___--_,,_,--,,,___,_,_ _,_____ _____65
The map room (Plaxn Kaxmmer) __--65-_- ___- ____,_ ___ ___ _____
Special duties of the general staff ___--___,__-_____,,___66
The general statff practice tours--66 ___,,__________ _______ ____
Great general staff tours __,,--66____,,_, __-,- _,,__,_,,,_,__
Corps general staff tours___--67- __--, __-_-___,___________,_
Fortress general staff tours--67_,_,_, ,_ ,,,____ _, ___,,_______, _
Detail (Kornmanldo)tothe great general staff,_,--67__,, _______ _,____,__ ___G
Appointment to the general staff--6 _________,,,_,,, ,______ ___-____~_~_~8
The higher adjudantur--69-__- .-- ----- _.----,__ ,-~-__ __ ___ ___ _______ ___
Inspection service -------------------- ,70
Army inspections ---- --------- -----.-- -------------- r 70-

CHAPTER VIII-THE WA-R ACADEMY.

The commission of studies - - -73_----__,,,,,,-,,,,
Theinstructors--73- ----- ----- --- i- ----- --- ci ----- ----- .
The library of the academy -------- ,,,,,rl-.,-- ,,,,_,,,,,, 4
7---------
 Page.
Detail--74___ __________ __, _,_________,,____
Conditions of admission--74___,__,,,,_,,__, __,,_, _,, _ _,,,_
The entrance exam~ination--74_____,,,_ ___, __,,, ._,,_,, ____ ,,
The examination programme--74__,_,___ ________,,__________
The examination proceedings--75_. _____ ,, _____,__ ___ ___,_____
The course of instruction--75
The method of instruction--7,,,,,, 6
The scope of instruction--76__________ __, __ _____~_,_____ ___
The scope of general subjects--77____________, , ________________ .
Tactics--77_______,,,,___,__,,,_,____,_,__, _,
Military history--____________________77
General staff duties and practice tours__--78______ _________ ____________,
Apporfio~nment of studies 79
Classes-79,, _, _,_,,,,,, ,,, __, __ ,,__,, _,_,_,
Lect~urers-79 _,,,,, _, ___,,,,,, ___ __,_,, ,,,__, __
Examinations-79________,, __ ,,,__,,_,,, ____,,,,,,,,______,
Conditions of transfer to a higher class-_____________________80
Service with other arms-80___ _____-, ,_____ __________ _:
Return to regiment-80_ ______ ____._______ _____ ___. ___
Diplomas-________________80
Special reports-80_________________ ____________,__
Relief from the detail at the War Academy-SO__ __, ____ ____,_, __, __________
CHAPTER IX-MILITARY ADMIINISTRATION.
Fundamentalprinciples-81__ _______________,_________, ____
The intendantur-82
Selection and training of intendantur offcials-_,_, _ _______,____ ___________84
Paymasters-84__ ______. ______________,_________
The magaz~ine administrati ons-85______ __________, ____________,
The garrison administrations-87__, _______ __ _______,_____,,__ ___
The hospital administrations-88_______,,___________s
The corps clothing departments-88_______ _____ ,___,,_____ ____~_~_~

CHAPTER X-FINANcE.
Public funds and property-89_ _,, ______,___ _,_, _____________ _
Monthly revisions-___._______ ______ ___ __ _______ ______ _____91
Quarterly revisions-_______,_,_,,________91.
Unexpected revisions-9________,____,,,,___ 2
Money allowances ____, _i-92 ----------- -,,---,-----------,
Maximum. rates of pay-93___,_, _______ ___,, _______,__ ___
Pensionable income and pension rates -96 _________ __________________ ___
Regimental officers-96______,, _______ ____~___,_____
Military and civilian officials of the military administration-__ __. _______. ____,,,_,__97
Enlisted men -98_ _____ ______ _____ ________ _____
Pay of captain of the first and second classes-98________,,__,_____, __ ______
Extra compensation and allowances-98______ ____ __. __·___ ___, ________
Table money-99__. _______________ _________ ______
Equipment money-99_ ____________________ ____________
-War equipment money-99____ _____ ___________________~_
Relief funds-99___________ ___________~___________
Children's tuition-100____.,___ _________________
Various funds-100____,_________________ _____
Fund for the repair of clothing and equipment _-__,, ____ _ _.___ __ ______ _ 100
Fund for the repair of arms-100___ ___ ___ _____ ______ ___ _____
Fund for the repair of material used for target practice, etc-__ ____-,_________ _____100
Office allowances- __._____ ____ _________ 100________
Horseshoe and horse-medicine money-______,,,,_,,_,_,_, .____,_,_ _____100
School and exercise mon~ey-101_,_ ______,_,_ _______ ______
Artillery target practice money-,,_,,_,, ,,,,,,, ,,,,_,,,,,,, ,,,,_ 101.
 CHAPTER XJ-SEUBSISTENCE AND FORAGE.
Page.
General principles--103 _______,,,______,,______________~____
Subsistence of troops in the enemy's country--___,____, ___, ______ _________ __104
Supply of troops from the mlagazines--104 __. __., _ ______ _______ _______ ~
The ration (.Portion)--__________,,__,,____ ___105
Officers' messes--,,106
Supply of forage--106 ______,__ ____, _____ ____ ___ ____
Subsisting troops and foraging animals in war--______ _.___,_,,,______ ___ ____ __107

CHAPTER XIJ--CLOTIIING, EQUIPM~ENT, ARMS, AND AMMUNITION.

Clothing and equipment--______ _______ --- ___ 109
G~eneral remarks and principles ------------------ ------- ------. _ 1--
09
Management of clothing by the troops--__,,_ _ _____;__ ________ _____ 111
Management of clothing in war -- ___, ________,__,,__112
Field equipage--113______ __________ _______ ~_____ __
Musters--113
Train depots--_______ _____,___ ____~____ _-______ ________114
Arms and ammunition--114
G-eneral remarks and principles--114__________ _______ ___ ___ ___
Practice, augmentation, and reserve arms--________,_,,,____, __,____ _____115
W~ar and practice ammuniin--us_,______, __,_, __
Repairs of arms in the hands of troops--116__ _______,_______, ____ ______

C~HAPTER XJIII-BARRAOK5 AND QUARTERS.

Shelter of troops, horses, and material--117_-_ _______ _______ ____~__ _____ l
Gieneral principles and definitions -- __, __,_________________ 117__,,__
Barrazcks--_ ____,, 118
The arrangemenelt--118____,_ ________ ________ ____
The fitting up of barracks--___, ________,___119
Articles for expenditure--120___ _________ _______ __________
The utilization of barracks--1,_____________ l20
Private barracks_--_________,____ ___- _121
Management of barrack's by troops--____________________121
Official residences--f122
Commutation of quarters, fuel, light, stables--, ____________________ ___ ______1f22
Additional money allowances on account of quarters--___, __; __ ____________ ____1f23

ChIAPTER XJY-SPEcIAL CORPS.

The military clergy-125___ _____ _____________________
The sanitary system-125,___, __ _.__,, _ ___ __~________ ____
Military apothecaries-126___________,_______
Military veterinarians-126_ ___ .______________,,___ ___ __; __

CHAPTER XV--ADMINI5TR·ATION OFi M/ILITARY JUsTrcE (Aftitdr-Reoh~tspfl~ege).

General remarks--129____,, ________,_,,_', ___________
Discipline and disciplinary punishmnent--130,_, _________, ____________________
Scope of the disciplinary punishment power -- ______ _.____ ______,,___, ___130
The authorized disciplinary punishmenis--_________ ___ __________,____ ___130
Execution of disciplinary punishments _--__ __. ____,_,_, __, ____,___ ____132
Complaints--133_,____ _________,_________ _______
General principles-133_ _________ __ _____,_____________
Admissibility of complaints _-_- ___,____________ 133
Limitation of complaints-133_ ____________, _._, ___, _________,__
Admonition-133_,,____ _______,___, _________~
Decision-N~aotice of decision-__________I___,_133
Complaints of a number of persons_..- _____ _____,___ _ _ _____ __.__ ._ 134
Measures against unfounded complaints-___, ___,,,,,,__134
C~omplaints-Uontilu~ed. Pg
Channel of complaints fori officers -_,;;,; ;; ;________ ,__________ 134;.
Official mediation---134_____,_________,______________
Choice of mediator---___,______,_________134
Refusal to act as mediator---134______,., ______,___ __L ___~___ ______
Action of the medliator---134,_, _______ _________~________
ITnstitution of the complaint---134 ______,_____________ ______
Channel of complaint of noncommissioned officers and soldiers-_____,,_______,__ ___134

CHAPTER XVJ--MILITARY JUDIcIAL SYSTEM (Aftitdr-Gerichtswesen).

G-eneral remarks-137_ ,________ ___~i_~____________
Investigating conrt ___.___________7-----1·37
The preliminary investigation-137__ _____ _______________ ______ _
The sentencing conrt-_____________________138
Procedure-__, _____________138
Confirmation and promulgation of the judgment-__ _____ ______ _____________ ___138
Execution of military court sentences__,-139___~ 1._.__ _____ ___ _____ ______
Different kinds of arrest-139__ _____ ____ _ _____ __ __~___ __ __
The court of honor-141____..___,,,___, __1___________________
The council of hlonor-142________,_, ____,______________
Investigations of courts of honor-142___ ,_,,, __, ___ ________________ ____
Promulgation-143 ________ ____,__ _______ __