LOW CARBON GREEN BUILDING

The Low Energy Office (LEO) & Green Energy Office (GEO) Building Experience Steve Anthony Lojuntin
Principal Energy Engineer Energy, Manufacturing, Green Building/Township & Green ICT Division (EMBIT) Malaysian Green Technology Corporation Tel / SMS :+6019-2829102 Email: asetip@damansara.net

GEO Building LEO Building

RELATION BETWEEN CLIMATE CHANGE, GHG AND GREEN TECHNOLOGY

PROBLEM! CLIMATE CHANGE IS THE PROBLEM [MAINLY CAUSED BY GREEN HOUSE GASES (GHG)] SOLUTION! GREEN TECHNOLOGY AND GREEN LIVING IS THE SOLUTION

GHG : Carbon dioxide, Methane, NOx, SOx, CFC, etc

Green Technology?
Green technology is the development and application of products, equipment, and systems used to conserve the natural environment and resources, which minimises and reduces the negative impact of human activities

Minimises the degradation of the environment. It has zero or low green house (GHG) emission. It safe for use and promotes healthy and improved environment for all forms of life It conserves the uses of energy and natural resources; and It promotes the use of renewable resources.

Brief about Green Building

What are Green or Sustainable buildings ? Save energy and resources, recycle materials and minimise the emission of toxic substances throughout its life cycle, Harmonise with the local climate, traditions, culture and the surrounding environment, and Able to sustain and improve the quality of human life whilst maintaining the capacity of the ecosystem at local and global levels. Savings and increase workplace productivity.

Brief about Green Building

Green Technology Involved
- Energy - Indoor Environment - Water Management - Material used - Site construction -

Green Habits / Thinking

- Awareness / Responsibility - Procurement - Operation & Maintenance - Recycling

Green / Sustainable / Low Carbon Buildings

Common Green Building Criteria

General Green Building System

Conventional Green Building System
PRIVATE INITIATIVE
Alternative under development

LOW CARBON BUILDING (Malaysia)

1. 2. 3. Energy Water Indoor environme nt Waste

4.

Gov. Initiatives
-CASBuild for BCIS (GreenTech
Malaysia consultancy projects)

- GreenPASS
(CIDB)

Good New to the Industry

Low Carbon Building System

Carbon emission in a life cycle of a building

Pre Design Normally addressed by most Green Building Tools [Embodied CO2 footprint]

e, / n cli tion n e D o li at io m er e D gen re

D De esig vel n & op me nt

Building Lifecycle
Use, Management & Maintenance [Higher CO2 footprint]

FACT! Most of the CO2e emission is during the operation phase !! Only Low Carbon Building Assessment System address this issue !!!

Brief about Low Carbon Building

What are the Low Carbon buildings ? Low Carbon Building is similar to the conventional green building system which promotes uses of green technology and green habits to reduce the degradation of the environment. Use Carbon as metric for references to achieve the actual environment impact and not based on points collected. Use UNEP SBCI Common Carbon Metric.

Brief about Low Carbon Building

What are the Low Carbon buildings ? Straight forward, transparent, easy to implement, consistance, easy to monitor since based on actual performance. Measurable, recordable, comparable, justifiable, can be monitor and easy to proof. Cheaper and affordable since it is straight forward and focus only the relevant criteria that have high impact (lower $$$/CO2 reduction cost). Global trend - Relevant and gain popularity at international level.

Why Low Carbon Building System is Affordable ?

Cheaper way

The longer the way = $$$$$

Carbon Exist in Most of the Green Building Criteria

WHERE DOES THE CARBON COME FROM?

Chances to reduce carbon emission

Building sector has the higher chances to reduce carbon emission in a township

Sumber: Laporan IPCC

WHY LOW CARBON GREEN BUILDING IS SUPERIOR?

Easy to evaluate the actual performance through its life cycle. Straight forward and transparent of accounting emissions through carbon footprint. Has potential for carbon trading purposes (if applicable). Complement to the existing conventional GB system by helping to narrow the gap and maturing the green building industry. Supporting government efforts for reaching national climate reduction target for 2020 Provide flexibility for designers to achieve the design target. Economical and affordable by all stakeholders

Green Technology / application in Buildings to reduce carbon foot print

-The green technology in building is mostly refer to the technology and applications that has impact to the Energy and Environment related to building services a) Design : Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy & Water Management. b) Office appliances c) Operation: Energy management in the O&M. d) Renovation / retrofits e) Other - Paper and water recycling - Indoor air quality. - Solid waste management / separation f) End users awareness

Relation between use of energy and the environment

0.684 kg of CO2 emitted to the atmosphere for each 1 kWh electricity generated by power plant (Peninsula Malaysia)
Kawasan Semenanjung Malaysia Sarawak Kawasan Barat Sabah Kawasan Timur Sabah 2007 0.684 kg CO2 / kwj 0.873 kg CO2 / kwj 0.807 kg CO2 / kwj 0.709 kg CO2 / kwj

Sumber: Laporan Penanda Aras Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Malaysia 2007 oleh Pusat Tenaga Malaysia.

Examples of EE, RE & Green Building in Government Building

Continuous Improvement project of Energy Efficient / Low Carbon buildings in Malaysia

Energy Indices ( kWh/m2year)
300 250

Typical Consumption 200 300 kWh/m2year

EE in Building Guideline (1989), reference for MS1525

200 150 100 50 0

136

Energy Consumption

Green Energy (PV) Normal Buildings LEO Building EC Building GEO Building

Benchmark year: 2001

2006

( 2015)

Solar Electric generation

MS 1525:2007 Code of Practise Use of EE & RE for Non-residential buildings

Understand the factors affecting the energy consumption in buildings that contribute main carbon emission

KeTTHAs Low Energy Office (LEO) Building : ENERGY DESIGN ELEMENTS

LEO : SUSTAINABLE ELEMENTS

Solar PhotoVoltaic Building grid connected Rain water harvest system

Energy Saving Features in LEO Building ENERGY-10 Optimisation

EE in Building Guideline Target

Reference Case Daylight use Insulation in walls and roof EE Lighting 22 - 16 Equipment 27 - 20 EE Light 16 - 8 EE Equipment 20 - 7.5 "Energy Manage ment Room Temp 23 - 24 degrees Especially Tight Building 123 112 102 100 0 100 1000 Energy Index kWh/m2 ye ar 200 300 173 195 247 239 223 275

Monitoring & Performance

Building Index Mo nth ly En erg y Ind ex fo r Energy L EO Bu ild in g [ kW h /m2/year]
160

(Based on Energy Bills)

149

149

160 140 120 100

80
100

Average Current
115 117 118

Energy Index [kWh/m2/year]

111

120

103 106 102 100 109 97 105 109 108 110 107 108 99 106 97 111 108

116

116

106

1 11

112

100

[kWh/m2/yr]

103

102

94

94 89

89 93

92

90

90

90

90

88

88

87

88

87

83

81

82

85

80

80 78

80

80

81

79

79

80 60
64
64

74

73

78

79 80 77 7 8 8 0 77
77

8 0 8 1 7 9 80 78

79 76

78

78

77

83

87 8 8 8 7

8 9 88

87

87

87

8 1 79 74

82 76

83

73

86

90

88 90 87

89

92

90 89

92 90 89 90

91 90

92

94

93 91

92

100

95 94

94

97

95

100

99

97

60

38

28 32

31

30

29

29

29

27

28

27

27

24 26

24 25

20

20
0

16

24

26 2 5 23

20

18

29 16

29 28 27

23

30 3 1 3 2 29
24

25

25

29

29

27

31

27

30 2 6 25 18

24

25

32

26

26

26

26

33

26

20

24

26

29

0
Oct 04 Oct 05 Oct 06 Sept 05 Sept 06 June 05 June 06 June 07 Sept 07 Feb 05 Feb 06 Feb 07 May 05 Mac 05 May 06 Mac 06 May 07 Mac 07 Aug 05 Aug 06 April 05 April 06 April 07 Aug 07 Jan 05 Jan 06 Nov 06 Dec 06 Jan 07 Nov 05 Dec 05 Nov 04 Dec 04 July 05 July 06 July 07 Design Oct 07

AVERAGE

28

40

29

29

30

35

35 33 3 1 30 32 30

30 30

30

30

30

30

4036

38

32 35

35

36

31

31

31

32

32

38

38

33

33

34

Chilled Water-Cooling Index [kWh/m2/yr]

Cooling Energy C ons um ption [kW h]

Electrical Energy Index [kWh/m2/yr]

Elec trical Energy C ons um ption [kW h]

Bui lding Energy Index [kWh/m2/yr]

Building Energy Index [k W h/m 2/yr]

Month

AVERAGE

36

64

100

106

106

109

105

109 108 110 107 108

111

113 114

106

108

1 12

115

122

120 122

120

123 121 122 124 128 124 113 110 114 113 116 116 113 122 120 119 128 122 118 124 118
128 123 121 122 124 124

140

122

Target
116 112 115 117 120 122 118 120 116

114

COMPARISON OF BUILDING ENERGY INDEX FOR PARCEL B WITH LEO BUILDING (E4/5)
Average Building Energy Index (BEI) in Parcel B [kWh/m2/yr]
400 350 300 [kWh/m2/yr] 250 200 150 100 50 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 E4/5 Blocks AVERAGE (3276 hrs/yr) AVERAGE (Normalised to 2646hrs/yr) 378 349 321 315 268 278 236 196 167 233 198 253 215 322 296 273

123114

GreenTech Malaysias Green Energy Office (GEO) Building : DESIGN ELEMENTS

- Daylighting (almost 100%) - EE lighting + task lights - EE office equipment (laptops, LCD monitors, networked printers) - Green IT Network & server room (75% wireless network) - EE air conditioning & ventilation - Floor slab cooling (For radiant cooling and thermal storage) - PCM storage cooling system (minimised air-cond chillers capacity) - Controls & Sensors (VSDs, VAVs, CO2, BMS / Energy monitoring) - Double glazing (heat and sound insulation) - Roof and wall Insulation (reduce outside heat gain) - Grid connected BIPV system (Sell energy to TNB / no batteries) - Rain water harvest system (landscape, aircond and cleaning)

Monitored Building Energy Index

MONTHLY GEO BUILDING ENERGY PERFORMANCE
Energy Consumed / Energy Generated [kWh/month]

29,102

35,000 27,981 25,876 24,851 24,954 30,000 25,000 16,724 20,000 15,000 9,394 8,824 8,368 8,213 6,993 63.0 10,000 5,000 0
Avera ge

180.0 28,012 28,417 160.0 140.0 20,244 20,110 19,600 17,456 17,323 16,737 17,700 120.0 100.0 6,102 10,660 80.0 60.0 40.0 20.0 0 0.0

25,784

22,251

23,635

23,777

16,410

97.9

96

90 92 91 93 88 10,312 9,523 9,109 9,105 75 8,968 8,234 10,067 8,796 8,586 8,205 69

9,511

75

14,995

104 105

16,066

16,198

110

111

8,539

8,052

6,762

7,268

7,419

8,407

33 32

40 37 34 40 33 37 35 36 35 33 35 34 32 31 32 30 30 33 26 27 28 23 23
0 0

Avera ge (with

July 08

Aug 08

Sept 08

O ct 08

Nov 08

Dec 08 Jan 09 Feb 09

Mac 09

Apr 09

May 09

June 09

July 09

Aug 09

Sept 09

Oct 09

Nov 09

6,148

65 62 64 63 62 60 62

Dec 09 Jan 10 Feb 10

Mac 10

8,744

73

68

Apr 10

May 10

June 10 0 0 0 0 0

kWh PV kWh T otal Num of Days BEI [kWh/m2/yr] BEI PV

8,824 8,368 25,876 16,724

6,993 8,213 9,394

9,523 8,586

8,205 8,796 9,109 9,105 10,312 8,968 8,234 10,067 9,511 8,052 8,539

6,762 7,268 7,419 8,407 6,148

8,744 10,660

25,784 27,981 22,251 24,851 23,635 24,954 23,777 29,102 28,012 28,417 20,244 18,466 20,110 17,456 16,066 17,323 16,410 16,737 16,198 14,995 19,600 17,700 6,102 13 31 110 30 30 90 36 31 92 35 30 91 33 31 93 30 31 88 33 28 111 37 31 104 34 30 105 40 31 75 33 30 69 32 31 75 37 31 65 35 30 62 31 31 64 32 30 63 26 31 62 27 31 60 28 28 62 35 31 73 23 30 68 34 2 23 40

97.9 33

63.0 32

96

kWh PV

kWh Total

BEI [kWh/m2/yr]

BEI PV

Linear (BEI [kWh/m2/yr]

BEI [kWh/m2/year]

18,466

The GEO Building: CO2 Emission

MONTHLY GEO BUILDING CO2 EMMISSION PERFORMANCE

25 CO2 Emmission [Ton Co2/month]

19.79 19. 03 19.05 19. 32

Emits = 140 ton CO2/yr = 44 kg CO2/m2/yr

16.90 16.97 16. 07 16.17

17. 53

20
18

15.13

NET = 66 ton CO2/yr = 20 kg CO2/m2/yr

13.77 13.67 12.56 13.33 11. 01 10.20
9.15

12.78

12.86

12.31

11.87

11.78

10.42

6.107.67

7.01

5.60 6.96

6.48

6.85 6.83

6.47 5.40

4. 60 6.56

4. 94 6.44

6.19

5. 98

6.19

5.81 5.97

5.04 5.97

5.84

5.72 4.48

5.58

5.58

4.76

5.48 5.45

6 6

5.95 6.09 4. 18

4. 15 0.00 0.00 0.00

Ave Ave rage rage (wit 18 6 11 6 6

Jul y Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mac Apr M ay Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb M ac Apr May Jun 08 08 08 08 08 08 09 09 09 09 09 e 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 10 10 10 10 10 e 10 17.53 19.03 15. 13 16.90 16.07 16. 9716. 17 19.79 19. 05 19. 32 13.77 12.56 13. 67 11. 87 10.92 11. 7811. 16 11.38 11.01 10. 2013 .33 12.04 4.15 0. 00 4. 76 5.58 6. 39 6. 48 5.84 5.58 5. 98 6.19 6.19 7.0 1 6. 10 5.60 6.8 5 6. 47 5. 48 5.81 4. 60 4. 94 5.04 5.72 4. 18 5.95 7.25 0. 00 12.78 13.44 8. 74 10.42 10.23 11. 3910. 19 13.60 12. 86 12. 31 7. 67 6.96 6.8 3 5. 40 5. 45 5.97 6. 56 6. 44 5.97 4.48 9. 15 6.09 (3. 10)0. 00

Emmi sion [Ton CO2] Offset Em misi on by PV [Ton CO2]

Net Em misi on by GEO Bui lding [Ton CO2] 12

Emmision [Ton CO2]

Offset Emmi si on by PV [Ton CO2]

Net Emmision by GEO Building [Ton CO2]

7.25

10

6. 39 8.74

10.19

10.23

10. 92

11.16

11. 38

11.39

12

11

12.04

15

13.44

13.60

Energy (& CO2) Savings

GEO BEI = 65 (Conventional) BEI = 220
a/c area 3,175 sq.m

Savings = 70% Net saving = 85%

LEO Building
MEGTW-LEO BEI = 100 (Conventional) BEI = 275
a/c area 19,237 sq.m

155 kWh/m2year

175 kWh/m2year = 3,366,475 kWh/yr or more than RM 700,000 per year Tariff C1
28.8 sen/kWh

Energy saved = 492,125 kWh/yr or RM 195,374 per year

Tariff B (Low Voltage Commercial Tariff) for all kWh 39.7 sen/kWh
Old tariff B ; 40.8 sen/kWh

Savings = 56%
= 3,366,475 kWh/yr x 0.614 kg CO2/kwh = 2,067,016 kg/year CO2 = 2,067 tones CO2/year

CO2 saved

= 492,125 x 0.614 = 302,165 kg/year CO2 = 302 tones CO2/year

0.614 kg of CO2 emitted to the atmosphere for each 1 kWh electricity generated by power plant (Peninsula Malaysia)

Pow ered by a simple CASBuild Engine

Result of Carbon reduction without any cost (10% Saving in Putrajaya in 2010) www.greentownship.my
Portal to track your energy, water and carbon emission

Buildings

Buildings

Performance Criteria for GHG Reductions for Cities

Urban Environment Urban Transportation Urban Infrastructure Building

Urban Environment (5) Urban Transportation (4) Urban Infrastructure (4) Building (2)

Urban Environment (20) Urban Transportation (8) Urban Infrastructure (7) Building (7)

Performance Criteria are measurable strategies to reduce carbon emission through:- Policy control, Technological development, better process & product management, change in procurement system, carbon capture, consumption strategies & others.

Save Green Save Future

35

Guidelines and Code of Practice on Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Building to achieve Low Carbon Buildings
Development and Publication of EE in Buildings Guidelines by Ministry of Energy, Telecommunications & Post, 1989. MS1525 : 2001 Code of Practise Use of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy for Non-residential Buildings (Revised in 2007) by SIRIM. Malaysia Industrial Energy Audit Guidelines, a handbook for energy auditors by KTAK, PTM and UNDP-GEF, 2003. Guidelines for Conducting Energy Audits in Commercial Buildings by KTAK & PTM, 2004. Design Strategies for Energy Efficiency in New Buildings (Non-Domestic) by KTAK, DANIDA & JKR, 2004. Energy Efficiency & Conservation Guidelines for Malaysian Industries by KTAK, PTM and UNDP-GEF; - Part 1 : Electrical Energy-use Equipment, 2007. - Part 2 : Thermal Energy-use Equipment (2010) Low Carbon Cities Framework & Assessment System (2011) by KeTTHA and GreenTech Malaysia with collaboration with MIP

Green Technology

TECHNOLOGIES CAN BE CONSIDERED TO REDUCE CARBON EMISSION

(ENERGY EFFICIENCY, RENEWABLE ENERGY, WATER MANAGEMENT AND GREEN PRACTICE)

Summary of Features that helps to reduce carbon

- Daylighting - EE lighting + task lights - EE office equipment (laptops, LCD monitors, networked printers) - Green IT Network, system & appliances - Green server room, High temperature server room. - EE air conditioning & ventilation - Storage cooling system (minimise chillers capacity) - Controls & Sensors (VSDs, VAVs, CO2, BMS / Energy monitoring) - Double glazing (heat and sound insulation) - Roof and wall Insulation (reduce outside heat gain) - Grid connected BIPV system (Sell energy to TNB / no batteries) - Rain water harvest system (landscape, aircond and cleaning) - Water management, Awareness & Operation & Maintenance

Thank You
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