Dan Li Chp 26 Review Key Terms

3/18/13

A Phillip Randolph- Leader of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, Randolph was able to convince Roosevelt to create the Fair Employment Practices Commission. Battle of the Bulge- The last major German offensive on the Western front that was only temporarily successful at forestalling the Allied advance. Braceros- Mexican laborers who were temporarily employed by the United States into industrial jobs in wartime. Colossus II- The first computer created by the British Ultra to crack the German Enigma Code. Congress of Racial Equality- An organization that won important victories during World War II for civil rights such as forcing as Washington D.C> restaurant to serve black citizens as well. D-Day- The day that started the Invasion of Normandy and Operation Normandy with the largest amphibious invasion in history off the coast of Normandy in the Cotentin Peninsula. Dwight D. Eisenhower- A very capable general chosen by George C Marshall to be Supreme Allied Commander of the Invasion of Normandy. Enola Gay- The B-29 Bomber that dropped Little Boy on Hiroshima, marking the first use of the atomic bomb.

Enrico Fermi- The Italian scientist who discovered the use of uranium for a nuclear fission chain reaction. Guadalcanal- A fierce battle in the Pacific Theatre that showcased the brutality that would come to symbolize fighting in the Pacific. Harry Truman- The successor to FDR who is often criticized for his hasty decision to use the atomic bombs against the Japanese. Hiroshima- The first city in Japan and in history to be struck by an atomic bomb, which decimated it and killed around 100,000 civilians. Holocaust- The mass extermination of almost 6 million Jews and 6 million other POWs or undesirables. Korematsu v. US- A controversial Supreme Court case which stated that the internment of Japanese Americans was legal. Luftwaffe- The German air force that played a crucial role in the blitzkrieg tactics that overtook much of Europe. Under the inept Goering, the Luftwaffe suffered heavily during the Blitz and the Battle of Stalingrad. Manhattan Project- The project tasked with developing atomic weapons before Germany. Many of the best scientists in the world such as Einstein, Bohr, and Fermi contributed to the research which was successful in beating the Germans in development. Midway- A pivotal battle in the Pacific Theatre in which 4 Japanese aircraft carriers were destroyed, severely dampening any chance Japan had of further expansion.

OPA- The office created by the Anti-Inflation Act which was tasked with regulating domestic prices to prevent inflation. Was unpopular with the American people. Okinawa- A horrendous battle in the Pacific Theatre in which 50,000 casualties were inflicted upon the US and its Allies with 100,000 Japanese casualties also being sustained. Relocation Centers- Camps were Japanese Americans were sent to better assimilate them into American society. Rosie the Riveter- A symbol for the tough woman who was taking up jobs in the workforce that were previously deemed too hazardous for women. Vichy- The name for the French government that was a puppet state for the Nazi regime created after the fall of France. The Free French would flee to North Africa to continue offensive against the Italians with the British. Zoot Suits- The sharply criticized dress for Mexican men who were in pachucos or street gangs. Led to the zoot-suit riots which involved an assault on many Mexican teens believed to be involved with the pachucos. Recall 1. The federal government provided enormous assistance to the West, transforming it into a major industrial center for the production of airplanes and naval ships. The AntiInflation Act was passed to control the boom while the unsuccessful War Production Board and Office of War Mobilization attempted to coordinate mobilization of the American economy.

2. Advances in technology favored the Axis powers at first with German superiority in armor and U-Boats and Japanese superiority in naval ships and aircraft. The US and Britain soon out produced and created technology on par if not better than the Axis. Radar and sonar, along with the code breaking of the German Enigma Code and Japanese Purple Code contributed to Allied success. Lastly, the race to produce the atomic bomb fell in favor of the US after many scientists fled here from war-torn Europe. 3. The US out produced all the Axis powers by a factor of 2, providing massive lend-lease support to the British and USSR. The introduction of American troops helped turn the tide of the European Theatre and the Pacific Theatre although the Red Army did the brunt of the fighting in the ETO. The USSR was the most important to the US throughout the war for severely weakening the Wehrmacht and Luftwaffe while the British helped to coordinate American assaults in Western Europe. 4. US Society greatly changed with World War II, most notably with the ending of the Great Depression. Unlike World War I, German Americans and other enemy ethnicities were not severely ostracized with the exception being the Japanese whom were sent to relocation camps. Women flooded into the workforce and took jobs previously restricted to men. Mexican Americans worked as braceros and joined gangs known as pachucos. African Americans enjoyed a small but important increase in civil rights, especially in the military. Chinese Americans also enjoyed a boost with the positive portrayal of Chinese civilians. The Chinese Exclusion Act was also repealed during this time.

5. The United States approached civilian bombing cautiously at first but with greater liberty when the belief that such bombing would expedite Axis surrender became prominent. This was demonstrated with the Allied obliteration of the German city of Dresden which as not even an industrial center and only housed civilians and the firebombing campaign on Tokyo which incinerated most of the city.