942.

7201 M33e 1786327

REYNOLDS HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION

I.

'

ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY

3 1833 00727 7392

EAST LANCASHIRE
,

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4

NOMENCLATURE
AN
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ROCHDALE N A M E S
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H. C.

MARCH,

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THE PRINCIPAL

ABPiRFAaATIOXS.

^..9.

IX

RoDucro r v.
name, one

^X
-^j

ascertaiiiing

the

imijort

of a

is

greatly guided by ancient spellings.

:

On

the

other hand, they are often decei^tive

the

for

by reason of
confu-^'on
()f

mixing of races

tliere

\va^

nuich

tongues, and our forefathers, wlio spelt as they chose,

were apt

to

be deluded

by

faiiciful

analogies

and

curious misunderstandings.

The Roman, when he

Celtic-

entered

Britain,

instead of

naming afresh the places he occupied,

ivsually

took the
after
liis

words he found, and T.atinised tliem

;

own

fasliion

so that Caer ("iwent, or \\'inchester. for

into

instance,

was changed

W-nta I'elgarum.
W'in-ceaster, so called

Long afterwards
l)y

this

became

the Saxons, who, for their

ijart.

were

for less

ready to
])eo|)le.

accei)t the topical

nomenclature of a preceding

In

most cases they imposed on the country names

of their own,
1

and wlien an

original
its

aj>pellation

was
mis-

ri

retained,

it

was often i^ecause

meaning wa>

conceivf

d.

Thus

the solitary pinnacles of rock which

tlie

Celts called Alt

;

Maon,

or
ot

tall

stone, were yclept

!'

Old Man
In

as the

Old

Man

lloy,

and the Old Man

ofConiston.

Doomsday Book
is

itself,

the sj)elling of the places

mentioned

tar

from accurate.

The Norman

surveyor,

who met
putting
failed
liarities

with sounds to which his ear was unaccusliis

tomed and

tongue untutored, never succeeded

///,

in

upon parchment the English

altogether
in

and

nnturall}|>ecuis

rendering

the

remarkable
for

of the Welsh language.

;

Thus

Dudworth,

given Budewrde
in this district,

tor

Thornton, which appears twice

for

Torentun and Torintone;

Rhuddlan,

Roclent

and

for Llewerlydd, T.averladon.

]^>ven as laie as a.d.

1655, in the "Survey of the

Lands
an

of Chester," recently edited by Colonel L'ishwick,

attempt to reduce Dunkenhalgh to writing ends

in the

unhappy production of Dunghall

A name may
be
for
this
its

have

its

significance

on the surface, as
what seems
to

Eccleston (Churchtown).
natural interpretation
is

More
is

often

a snare.

At Bridgewater,
is

example, there

water,

and there

a bridge
is

and

might appear

sufficient,

but the word

a corruj)is

tion of
hill

Burgh Walter.

So, also, in Cornvrall there

called

Brown

\\'illy.

No

doubt, to

some
to

persons,

in

some

lights

and

at

some

seasons, this appears of a

brown

colour.

There hapjiens, however,

it,

be an old Bryn

tin-mine

within
hill

and the word

is

the Celtic

uiel,

the

of the wheal or mine.

These instances
intrinsic

illuslrntc the rule that

is

when

a npuK-'s

meaning

lost,

and
is

its

sound resenib'es

that

of a

name whose meaning

ol^tained,

tamiHar. the two l)e((>nie

fused into one.

Having

then,

the
it

oldest

spellings

of

:i

name, we must

compare

with
if

similar

names

in

diverse places, in order to see

is

the assunied
is

meaning
es])eciall)-

ap])licable to each case.

This procedure

iK^edful

and

useful in dealing with Teutonic sirnames.

Thus
list,

fAicas, instead of

being derived from the evange-

has been

shown

to

be formed irom O.H.d.

by briiiging together the

//>//,

people,

and

^i^vrj,

Crotii,

Sth.

century

(lerman

lAiitgoz

and

Tuikoz,

the

modern

German
to

Luttkus, and the French Lucas.

time, a joersonal

At the same

name which seems

result

come from

a single source, ma)

from

tlie

coalescence or assimilation of a numl)er of nances having

different derivations.

Brown, for example, has no doubt arisen

in several

ways

from browfu the

hill,

coloui- of

what

is

burned^ from

krou a

bran a chieftain, bjorn a bear, beorn a hero,

and from
that

brfni the brow,

one of the

titles

of Odiri.

So

what were once half a dozen separate names, each

with a different sound,

may come

at last to

be spelt and

pronounced as one.
It
is

obvious
that

then,
to

and should
any

be

very

clearly
is

understood,

assert

partictilar

etymon

not thereby to deny the ]K)ssibility of any other.

TI-ic

ft)lio\vin^

essay

is

based upon a paper read to

theni a dogmatic form, but as giving to the words explained the best meaning I am able either to gather or to
suggest.
'I'here

the Literary and Scientific Society of tins town. 'Hie contents are to be regarded, not as oracular utterances, though the need for conciseness has imposed u]jon

are other

men
J

in

our midst

who could
;

far

better perform the task

have attempted

but then by
I

others

it

has not been done.

.Meanwhile

make

ijeginning,
1

and

trust to a

generous pardon of blunders

would

fiin avoid.
this essay is original,

Xot much, indeed, of

information'
it

but the
a

contains

is

brought to a focus from

number

of widely-scattered and trusty sources.

'J'his will

be convenient to

the subject, while to an)-

who take an who may traverse

all

interest in

the statein a

ments made,

it

will

be advantageous to hold
ready to refute.

handy

f(jrm the errors they are

The
ui

personal

tliose

referred to, with the exception required for elucidation, are taken only from

names

the town; but the topical

names are selected both from

jiarishes that lie

our

own

jjarish

and from the

around

PART
1)f:aling u'l'iH

],

Local Names, and thk People

(HEM.

WHO BESTOWED

THE FLEMINGS.
00/
a

number of Flemish dothmakcv^

It
is

settled at Bolton.

believed that about

the

same time

a similar settlement

was made

in

Rochin

dale,

which was followed by a second immigration,

ronse(iuence of the persecution of the

in T576.
It
is

Duke

of Alva,

doubtless to

the Flemings

that

we owe the
Holland

names Dunkirk and Mardyke,

Street,

at the top of

as

well

as

in

Yorkshire Street the

tht'

Baum

or

orchard on nne side, and

other.

Acker or

field

on the

Our Voss

is

Dutrh personal name, and the

the de which once denoted

Hollands
their

have dropped

)riein.

THY.
have made few marks
castles or

NORMANS
in

this

lucaHt)-.

We
a
tlie

ha^e no
After the
gi-otcsque
kinL;uaLic

abbeys

neither nests nor rooks.

Conquest,

doc-uments

were

drawn

in

Norman-Latin, and Norman-French was

of the Court.

The Uinguage

of the iJeople could not

(re])t

remain iminfluenced.

Normaii prepositions

into

common

use, as Bolton-le-Moors

and Jolm dc Copi^en-

huU, 1329.

Radcliffe for a time was called

Rugemont
passed
into

and good old Bradshaw,

through
tlic

near

Pembertoii,

the

stages

of

Beausha

and

Beawse\-

modern Bewsey. On

the otlier hand,

:

Norman names
tlieir

themselves
termination

were not unaffected

vi7/e

and

fre(iuent
7:r//,

was apt to corrupt into y/V/^/ and

so that Scardeville has l)ecome Skarheld,

and

Bc^sscville

Boswell.

That Radcliffe,
Radeclive,
its

just

mentioned, and formerly

cliff

s])elt

means red

or declivity,

is

evident from

proximity to
of

Red

f^ane,

from

its

situation in the
it

district

Red vales, and from

lived t'aere were

the fact that

Irwell.

is

close

to a red

clifl'

on the south side of the

But the

men who
if

named
in

after the ]>lace,

]\ivt

and
farm

one of them had settled

a distant

his

might have come to be known as

local

Ratclifife,

without any
thus

reason for the designation.

'I'he difficulty

indicated, of sej)arating topical

sotud,
is

appellations from per-

sometimes insuperable.

Many

of the holdings

ill

this vicinity arc

doubtless called after

p.

some /onner

occupant, as Wilherts (see

106), Passnionds (see p. 88),

and Beigbtons

(see

p.

87).

THE
The names
the enclosed.

ANC.LO-SAXONS.
show
that

of

].)laces

among
this

th.e

Saxons

dwelling-place

the
in

house

and

homestead
were

was
small
tlie

In

some
cattle.

cases,
'I'he

outside

enclosures for

cultivated portions of the

at

country were fenced

only
to

seed time, and at

[pasturage.
'

end of harvest reverted

surplus of land,
vast

common

large

not only marshes and forests, hut a

in

extent of good pasture, remained

undivided

lx.)ssession as

commons.
Domestic Names.

A.S. ham,

is

that

which

is

hemmed

in,

as

Hem pshaw
witli

Barn,

Topham, and Emecot, now

Jicim,

called Ancoats.

A.S.

sometimes

spelt

holm, and cognate

our "home," signifies

village.

first

a dwelling,

and afterwards

a
its

Hamlet, and the old form hamell, are

diminutives. Familiar instances are

Oldham, old

spelling

Aldholm, Thornham, and Racedham the ancient name

of Rochdale.

Altham

is

corrui3tion

f Elvetham,

Abram

of

Aburgham, and Irlam of Irwelham.

A.S. hus, a iiouse
cove'
;

O.G.

hilfen,

and* A.S. hydan, to

or protect, the origin of hut: with, further, A.S.

lO

hedeni and
in
is

/leder,

a house, were
Cel.

indiscrimin/itolv used
is

old names.

The

hitddo

to cover
(for

nnd liood
dye-house)

a covering for the head.

^Ve find Dyas

Meadow, and Duffus (for dove-house). The following are all names of houses or farm buildings : Bent
House, Bent Head, Croft House, Croft Head, Moor

House,
Fearn

Moor Head, Scholey Head,

Head,
Heyhead,
Foldhead,

Merrell

Head,

Meadow Head,
calf

Micklehead, little vSwineshead, Hensheads, Colthouse,

and Wenshead

wennel being

weaned

Huttock
and

End, Huttock Lee also come

To)3,

Hud

Hey,

Hud

Clougli,

Hud

in here.

An

old spelling, Swaynesheved,

T442, seems to disclose an early confusion of Cel. hafod,

a booth, and A.S. heafod^ a head

is

but, of course, heafod

is

often applied to rising ground, and this

meaning

that

may

easily intermix.
toil,

A.S. tun,
tains a twig,

or lon'u,

is

an enclosure, from Coth.

"'

and A.S.

tynaii to fence.

Hedging and
tineman M'as

tining" used to be a a hayward or hedger.

or

common
is

phrase.
is

A
;

A.S. gccrstuu

a grass enclosure

meadow

kadun
''

an herb c^arden

and

tini-ccers is

garden

He sente him into his toicn to feed swyn" WicJdiff'). Town House is an enclosed house. Town House, Littleborough, was the seat of Michael de
cress.
(

la

Ton,

in 1222.

We

have also Townhead, Tonacliffe,

is

and Tunshill.
bear or crop
ri.
;

Barton

rick yard,

protecting the
;

Barcroft, a rick

meadow

Barham, the

k villaiic.

We

hrve also Old Bear Hev.

]*:iton

is

a corruption of Elnodcstune, the

town of

El nod. A.S.
jjkice.
stiec,

a stake, gives our stock or stoke, a

stockaded

Toxtetli was formerly Stocliestede.

stede,

A.S.

statio,

is

a fixed place, as in steadfast,

Stid,

homestead, farmstead,
stead,

and Stead Hey,

;

Newstead, TunStacksteads was formerly Stagox.

Stidfold,

stead
IS

stag

sometimes meant an
;

cognate term

and Stoodley Pike. A.S. geard, a yard or -garden, tVom A.S. gird, a rod; is a warded place, surrounded with yerdes or stakes. The word survives in the "yards" of a ship, [n the s.une way the Roman vallum is from the valll ox stakes of which it was made, and gives origin to the Saxon a'call, a wall. Wardle is ward-hill, perhaps

A.S. stud, a post

as in Stoodley

meaning

fortified.

AVe find
in in

Hugh de Wordhull
a

in

n 80, Nicholas
Andrew de

de Werdhyl
Wardhulls,

1292, and
1302.

plural

form.

than Wardle to

is nearer the original pronunciation, and m.-ty

Wuerdle, the hamlet,

have been Wardle Lane End.

burh-ton,

A\\arburton

is

AVeard-

and we have a place

is

called Wardley.

A.S. worth,
field

cognate term, and means a fenced

or farm. Thus we find Ashworth, Rushworth, Duckworth, Hawksworth, and Mouldsworth. Mold is

a mole.

the mill.

however, may be the farm of have also Eongworth, Broadorth, and Rumworth, which is from ruvi, spacious. Waithlands

Molesworth,

We

is

lore often written Worthlands.

A.S. 7wer

is

a fence, or liedge.
''

The word
in

surxives \n

the weir of a river.

On

Frean waere,"

the Lord's

keeping.

We

ha\e Warley Moor, Warland, W'arcoekle

Hclph, Warlow, Wirhiw, Wareing, and Lower Weir.

A.S. /e/d or field,
felled,
trees.
is

a place
is

where

trees

have been
fell'd

and A.S.

fn/ff,

an enclosure made of

Caulfield
field,

is

a field by a caul or weir.

is

Wakefield
;

is

and Wagfold
is

a fold

b)-

the wayside

.\.S.

7t'vri^.

Pinfold

from A.S.

pyiidaji, lo im))0imd.

Pingot

is

a small croft.

Pennock and Peanock

])addock,
]jarks,

are diminutive form-.

A.S. pearroc, shortened into park,

is

and corrupted
"

into
wit'i

an

enclosed ground.

Environed

paddocks, and plantations" {Evelyn).

a farm of the

Wc

have
of

Paddock on the Bury Road,

and Park Lane.
is

name

!\arrock.

A.S. haga., a hedge,

haigh.

found

in

hey, hay, haw,

and

Heywood

is

the enclosed

wood: Heybrook the

^^'c

stream that was once hedged over with bushes,

have also

New Hey,

Heyworth, Haighfield, Hage Fold,

Heys, and

Hawcoat,
Dullhaghe.

Hay Meadow, Mean Hey, Cow

Stanedge was formerly spelt Stanheyes and

Stanheges, and means stonefence.

thorn,
is

Heythorn or

Iiaw-

quickset, the bush us'ed for

making hedges.
to

In

1329

we read of permission
and
of

])rocure

"all

Housebote
ench.iing,

Ha\bote

for

l)uilding,

burning
in
nil

or the

greenwood or of old wood,

woods of Stancdisch and J>ongetree." A.S and Haybotc is wood required for making and mending fences. It appears from
(oiiimoii
I'ot

is

a vestoring,

Doomsday

!5ook that, probably in order to i^revent the waste of timber, lieys were forl)idden to be made of great height;

excepting the hey for roes, ''haia capreolorum" because

of their power of leaping.

Such perliaps were Doe Hey

He)-, or

AVood, Mickle

lie)',

and Mitchell

the great

Hey.

Hayle

take to be

Hey

Hill.

-V.S. bvtl, Nvith

bold,

is

the variations bodel, bottle, bolt, that which is built, an abode. " He

and wende to

se there the fayre hall

and other bold

\-illage in

"

{R. Glouccsin).

Xcwbold wns New

Newbolde, Hen.
is
iii.

the da\s of

John de

Hootle was written Bodel, Bolton

Bodelton.

We
is

still

have a I'odelford.

Harbottic

the abode or quarters of the arm)'.

is

Bar

means army and gn^f

IS

a trench, so that Hargreave.s

;

and I have suggested somewhat doubtfully that Leavengreave* is thrabaw. doned dike or fortification. A.S. lifan to
leave, /./.
lifcn.

the entrenchment of the ami)-

The word greave

has

jjassed

through

many

* explanation of this word. in his History of Roclidafe f ' the follow.ng .tory from Dr. IJ.uterworth, qu.tes Whitaker :-" It is recorded i The ar/.' .ve of I ,wlphs the Sa..ou, Dean of Wh...!ley. that he acquired the name of ^'^ '''" '^'^ ''^'" ^""'"''^' ^ ^h--^^ -^r'^^-ies while 7"^ i'''"'"^ T\ lu.ntinsf h,", .1 the forest of Ros^cndale, at a place called Lednie.greave" Of this in of he sa.d ist, that Ledmesgreave could T.ot very well corn.pt into Levengreave 3- d,at the .ncdcnt related is a little ri.licdot.s and 3rd. that it is ohvio. Jv ...dustonc.i because us .ntenlio,, is to account for the meaning of Cutwulph' -.vM.ch ,s taken to he an unusual name wherea.. in*the form of Cuihuulf it is -nenf the commonest .S.-..vonperson.".l n..m.-s. occurring manv times in liber

W^
:
.

changes of meaning.
a s])adc, foderc,

A.S. f^m/nji, was

first

to dig with

and secondarily

to engrave, sculpere.

'There's

more gold; do you damn

others,

and

let this

damn

you, and ditches grave you all" {Timon of Athens.)

is

A.S. gnv:f

a grave, and gnef-sccx an engraving tool,

;

(iroovers are miners

gravel
is

a groove
up.
\\\

is

what

is

hollowed out;
is

what

is

dug

Lincolnshire a grove

a drain. (ireave became, later, a path in a forest cleared

I))-

the axe.
" Vel when
slie fled intf> ihal

cuvcrt greave.

''

/"'.

Qitccn.

Tn this sense are the words IJoarsgieave. Ha!grea\e,

Congreave, the grove of the rabbit, the hare, and the

boar (a third meaning of Hargreave
29).
is

giveit

on page
is

Gravett

is

little

grove.

Withengreave

Willow

grove.

The word
" Fast

also signified the tree itself:

closed in

some hollow

greavL-.

"

/'.

ijnecn.

And even
"To

a tree's branches

niaken him a i^erlond of ihe greves.

it

Were

of wooilbine or of haulhornc Icves.

''

Caul.

Tiiics.

This curious tendency of the meaning of names to

become, as
forest, will

it

v/ere.

smallc. when they refer to the

a2;ain.

be noticed

15

Topograp/iical

Aanu's.

forefathers,

Leaving now the liomes and hamlets of our Saxon we must travel over the undulations of a
they well

country which
which,
we,,

knew and

fitlv
(jf

named,
life,

init

engrossed

by the business

scarce)

name and hardly know. Of the words wliich

Celts,

the Saxons borrowed from

th,e

two of the most important are dim and

in

dc;/e.

Tliev are often confused

ditch,

spelling.

Like dike and

relatives.
a
in,

they
is

are

masculine and feminine co:

or
hill,
is

Dun
I

down

but
a

sometimes designates
Dutton

hill-fortress.

Dunliill

reduplication.

)oomsday Book was

spelt
hill

Duntune.
or
fortress

Hameklon and
of Hamall.
Crif)den.
hill

Hambledon Hill are the name which re-appears

Cridden IMoor,
is

in

Ambleside.

or

the Celtic kcini don, or

hill,

of stags.
seat.

Dunscar
Perhaps

is
vi'e

a rocky

and Dunster

mountain

should place here the diminuti\es, Dunnock

Shaw and Dunnish Booth.

Dene, a
valley,
1
is

For IJalladen, see page

familiar.

64.

sufficient!)-

Naden and
and perhaps

Naden Dean
gave origin
South-dene,

take to be nwdrc-den, or Snake-dene.

'J'hey are ai)parently

to,
is

an anterior form

of.

Norden.

Sudden, often explained as

are said to be

named from the Sudley Brook. .Meadows "sudded" when the)- are covered with
Sti])erden
is

the drift of a ilood.

steep. dene

the r

is

often intruded, as in Steaner for Ston)-.

Stiper Stones

i6

in

Shropsliire inc massive ro-ks jutting out ui^jn a

ridgo.

loftx-

moorland A.S
//a/,

/ij'//a

and

/////,

Ice. //o/, a lull

nnd A.S.

//<:7/

and
the

Ice.

/lo/a,

hole,
otiier.

are also correlaiives.

'v:

converse of each

In Sussex, the places lourghill and Burghole are close

together.

Hylewood
'

is

a hill(K-k in Pendleton.

"One

rood of land in

le iTos holys,'"

1350.

We

have Calf

Hole, Mankin Holes, Cat Holes, Swallow Hole, Croft Hole, and Rag Hole, or rugged hole. The word is
corrupted into
1705.
IioyJe ;

"certain lands called the Hoyles.""

is

A.S. Jioh'-doic

a ca\-ernous \-allev, r.nd

is

the

snme
is

as our places, Holdeii

and Hoyle
With
m\\:
;

)cne.

Holgatc

the wn)' through the hollow.

liable
to

these, the following

Tlelait^
hihiii^

Saxon words are

hcelan^
to

to to

cover:
conceal.

preserve or cure
is

and

EortJi-Jule
hilled
is

a heap.

The

roots of trees are said to be

when

earth

is

hea])ed over them.

bed-healing
is

a coverlid.

A wound

covered with skin

healecL
is

"Nicholas del Helwal,"' ^343> shows that Halliwell

the covered
well.

Perhaps here may come Hell Beck.

Helpet Edge, and Hellyplatt. Healey sometimes means

high
ley, as in the

case of Heeley on Blackstone Edge.

is

Another Healey, however,

of
its

placed here, on account

its

local

pronunciation,-" Helly," and of Hely,

early s])elling;
Yitce).
th.

(Henricus Helhagh, 14th Cent., J.iber

A.S. //j//

and hcUho\\\

signify a

covered place,
i>f

under-world, where

Ileh the (.pieen

the dead.

17

extends hersliadowy sceptre.

the ])lace of torment.
A.S.
I'l/iew

Our own
are
is

hell

is

Nastnjnd,

}iUcu\
(Lat.

and

/i/cok',

probably

correlatives.

clivus),

hill,

lamiliar as "law"'

and

''low," which, in
ley.

some

instances, have corrui)ted into

There

is

reason for thinkin- that IJlakelev, Buckley,

originally Blakelow,
liill

and Rooley were

(jr

bleak

hill,

and

]5ochelow and Roelow the

of the buck and roe.

Sometimes the
Ceapan Jihm\ the
AVhite

wtjrd
l)urial

was ajjplied to a tumulus, as

])lace

of Ceai)a

Lowes and
gra\es.

Lowes haw

])r()i)ably

the

meaning of

Hleoic, a shelter, survives in nautical u>e. as the leeside o\ a ship.

lee, like

Any

slicllered

^pot might be termed a

Thorny Lee, when

the

word would be
This

liable to

mix with

lea or ley, a ])asture.

is

A.S. hliiic

a hilly ridge.

is

what the name

fotmd coupled

signifies with us.

\w Saxon writings

it is

with the word

lihc-iU

hkrAvas
them

and
to

hliiicas.
:

On

the sur-

rounding

hills

are places called Lenches

the ordnance

contour-ma]j
intervening

shows
furrows.

be

ridges

with

dee];

We

also

have Higher Lench,

Lench Holes, and

is

Slences.

In other districts the word

sonietimes used diminutively to signify

left

"a

balk of

land

unploughed.''

A.S. timga, the tongue, givi;s a descriptive

several long hills, such as
'J

ong p:nd

name to and Tonge Moor.

rising ground,
Hill,

A.S. oicEp

is

the smoothed

summit of

as in Bulsna])e, Snubsnape, Fairsnape, L

and Snai)e


iS

nol far tVoin

Kcd Luml).

Tlie

name

involves the idea

tiring.
is

of snipping or rounding off the top of a

[>ancashire dialect,

In the
to
sniil.)
is

"to sneap" children

in

them, to keep them

check.

similar

meaning

found

in

(Chaucer
"
l!ul
ii

What
I

lini

were any jKTson obstinci. lie were of highc or low csiat, woMc he snibhen sliarply for the nones."
so

The Scotch
snuffing one.

sa)-

to snib a candle, as

we

s])eaking of

Cnab, or Nabh, a
word, as
in

hillock,

is

another form of the same

Nabrode, Nabb, and Nabend.

hill

A.S. cnoil, a
Hill,

ioi\ or knoll,

is

familiar in

Knoll

Bentknowl, and Knoules.

is

A.S. copp, Lat. c-aput,

is

head or

hill-top.

The

latter

always the meaning of Cope, in Doomsda}- .Book.

survives in
is

The word
correlative

"coping-stone.'"

Its

converse or

cuppa, a cu]) or hollow.

AVe have Coj)

formerly syelt

Road, and Copi)le, or

Bacope,
is

Cop
Red

hill.

15acup,

explained
hill

in Baines'

Lancashire as meaning

Bay-co]), the

of the
is
is

deer.

This

is

very unsatis-

factory
sion.

the place

not on a summit, but in a depresthe A.S. hcec-copp,

The word

and indicates

place beneath or behind a Co]).

It is eciuivalent to

the

(ommon name
as

Underbill, and belongs to the

tlv

same

class

our Back

o'

jSfoss,

P>ack o' th'

last Iras

Low, Back of

Behind, and Backhouse, which

f(

taken the classical

rm of Bacchus.

'9

Copt

iiic-aiis

convex, as

in

C!oi)t

Hill,

Coftrod, and

Coptrod Hcvid.
A.S. pic
is

of course a ]jeak. or pointed

Hill,

hill.

Wc

have numerous exam])les, as Pike

Pike [.ow, close to which
formerly spelt Piccope.
is

Pike Brow, and

Pickuj) was
I

Pickup Bank.

Rivington Pike
is

take

tc>

be

Raven-dun Pike
.\.S. t/iyfi'I,
tJiyfel,

and Thieveley Pike

;

probably froni
riscc-

a shrub

t/iyfc-tJior/i is a

bramble, and
hill,
is

a bed of rushes.

Scout, a high

found

in

'Thievely Scout, Riddle Scout, Black Scout,

and Scout

Moor,
A.S.
slu'c^

slack or loose,
it

is

a p(>rtion cf a
;

hill

or

mountain, where
pass.

becomes

less sleep

ga]).

a sort of

We

have Slack
f.ythe,

o' tlV

Moor, Heyslacks,
Slack,

Warm

Slack.
Slack.

Slacks,

or

easy,

and Prickshaw

A.S. suu'd.

a slice,

from besnu'dan. to
;

lo'p

off,

is

a
as

separated piece of land

it

hill

that appears cut

off,

were, from others.

We

have Snydale (late, Sniddle^

and

Snoddle Hill near Summit,

is

Smcdlandes

a portion of land taken from a manor.

Jn the Lancashire dialect, that which has been

made
grass.

smooth

is

called snod.
is

Snod-grass

is

trimmed

snaed

the handle of a scythe.

is

Snoddorth, or

Snodworth,

near Blackbur+i.

A.S. sl(Ed^ from A.S. slida7i, to slide,

ojjen country,,

means

a plain
slief, it

though together with the Teutonic

involves the idea of a declivity.

We

have Greenslade.


20
Bagslate, formerly spelt Bagsladc,

and Sladen, or the

dene

in
;

the slade.
//,

Sladen

is

found written Slaveden.

The

seems to be

and might indicate only a broad

is

pronunciation.
A.S.
/<7//^

Slattocks
first

a diminutive form.

gave us

laund, and since lawn, with a

sense of open, untilled, grassy land, involving the idea of a

this
vista.

The word

laiie is

cognate.
come.''

"

For through
VI.

laund anon the deere

will

Heti.

In

.Rossendale are several {places of this name, as I.aund

Booth,

New

Laund, and Laund Banks.

lie

A.S. leah^ or hgh, locus, from A.S. /iegan, to

is

down,

originally a glade or naturally

cattle

open place
;

in

a forest,

where

would gather

for

repose
in

and subsetjuently
forms of
Icy

a pasture.
leigh, lea,

The word
and
ley.
it

exists

the varied

It
is

should be noted that when

occurs as a suffix

often only diminutive, especially

in the case of personal

names.

Brierley,

Thornley, Fearnley, are the puisture amid

the fern, the thorn, and the briar.

Dearnley

is

generally

derived from A.S. deni, secret, and so would

mean
are

the
the

secluded pasture.
enclosed
Kirtley
is

Yeardley and
is

Townley

ley.

Morley

the

lea

on the moor, and

that by the kirk,

1271.

Cowlaghton
is

is

the

enclosed cow pasture.

is

That Worsley

the worked ley

shoNs-n by the old^'spellings, " Geoffrey 'de

Workedley,"

i94,and"John deWorkesley,"
Curedley

292.

We may attribute
Staley was formerly

a similar meaning to Tyldesley, Kuerden, and Cuerdley,

which was

spelt

in 15 16.

written Stavelcy.
or I,eagate.
l.idget,
'I'll

Lydgnte

in

Doomsday Book

is

Leiatc,

ere are other places of this name, as

/ilidgcaf, a

which v.ould come from A.S.

from A.S.
sliould
lytgeaf, htt'e gate.

postern

gate, or

Here

be distinguished A.S. hcsn, a pasture,

lies7vlan^

and the corresponding verb

to

feed

cattle.

"A
some

flock

of

many swyn lesewynge "

leasow
still
is

( /r7f/^///f*).

In

parts

of England a

means

a pasture.

A.S. genuere-hcs
frecjuent

common
is

])asture.

So that the
])lural.

word

lees

or leece

not necessarily
in

Leasowe Side and Leasowe Castle are

C)pposed to the ley or pasture
for grass-cutting or
is

Cheshire.

the land set apart

hay-making.
to

A.S. nia:c'an, O.H.C..

Niaitan, Scan.

))ieja.

mow,

give us the farms of lAnver

Maw

and

Maw
is

(irane.

A.S.

DHcd

what

is

mown,

mead

or

meadow.
ha)-

Mced-ino7iat}i

was the month of July, wlien, the

got,

having been

the

rattle
is

were

turned

into

the the

meadows.
])laces

Brightmet

bright

mead.

Some

of

called

Maiden, such as Maden Fold and Rig;

maiden,

mean meadow
to

as

well

as

Green Middens
is

Farm, near Burnle)-.

Fat.

The be.
is

inata

food

and the

word

mow
A.S.

or reap
cpcer,

metere.
;

^I'he acre,

signified corn-land

while, as a
in a day.

measure,

it

was as much as might be ploughed

We

ha\e such words as Barnacre. Whit^aker, and Cliviger.

field.

formerly Clivacher, or rocky

From

lK.':>.feal/!,fi'a/g, fallow, An&fc-algi?/.g,

a harrow,

to tcr.r up, wc get these other indicatiojis of arable land that are found in the i)laces Falin<^e Fold and Failing Earth, with, i)rokihly, Falledge, The Half
Kail,

Lat. vcllen-^

and

Failswortli

or
a

l-allsworth.
i.)Ossible

(t

should

he

noticed,

however, as

derivation, that sueh

a place

may he named from

soil
is

'.xfalluh^ox sloping su'-face.

Strictly speaking,

fallow

when

it

has been
It

])re-

by the plough, but. has not I)een sown. the secondary meaning of land that has gone
j)ared

has
of

(xit

cultivation
la)id

as Fallowfield
(3r

and
grass

Follyfield.

L.G. falU;^-

means stubble

land,

once

ploughed.
is

Fallow, the colour-name, as in fallow deer,

derived

Irom the ap})earance of freshly-turned earth.

A.S. i?i^
is

meadow on low ground

a nook.

"Meadowe ground

lyeing in the Inge."-- 1655.

We find Ingham or Ingholm, Ing Head, Ing Hey, Oak Ing Clough, AVillowinge Coates, Round Ing and
Broading.
It is

Ac.crington was formerly

difficult,
in

s])elt

Akerington.

extremely

many

cases, to separate

this

word from the patronymic

It

-ing:
it

the rule
is

isr

to

take

in the latter sense

whenever

attached to a
;

IJersonal
-

name;

as Kield, Fielding;

Piatt, Platting

and

eel, Pilling.

Focally, peel
;

means

a fortress or
as

moated
Plats.

house, as Peel Hall

JSent
is

and Plat a marsh,

feu;

Green

a local

name

the coarse grass of

tlie fens,

where this abounds; as Townbent, Chequer Bent, Broad Bent, Pent Meadow, Bent Heath,
Pent Knf)wl. Bentley, Bentley Moss, and IVmch Carr.

and

for the place

Speke Bent

imjjlics the

presence of osiers

A.S.

sptcc.

We

have, also, Speak l^dge.

is

A.S, botni^

Icnv-lying

Umd

as

Hamev

Ijottoms,

IJrook Bottom,

Longbottom, and Sidehottom, meaning

is

spacious.
J

Shufflebottom

a corruption of Shaw-field-

bottom.

An

old

Lancashire family

name

is

Shipwelfor

botham, suggesting a meadow with a watering-i)lace

sheep.
to

Higginbotham

is

said,

think erroneously, to

be a corru))tion of the Clerman Eichenbaum, an oak

it

tree;

is

more

likely a corru|)tion of the

neighbouring
Ha/.el

Oaken Bottoms.

We

find, also,

Ashen Bottom,
of

Bottom, and Steaner, or stony. Bottom.

thought Rasbottom to
rough, bottom.
or spear
:

Canon Raines
rasj),

be

a contraction
is

or

In Chaucer a sparth

a double axe

it

may have been

the finding of such weapons

to the fable of Kill-

in Sparth

Bottoms that gave origin

danes.
A.S.
is

ceosel^

is

gravel, pebbles, or

sand

and

ceoslstan

sandstone.

In the south of England are the well-

known
which

places Chiswick, or sandy-bay, and Chesil-ridge,

is

composed of

large

j^ebbles.

Here we have
dene.
In

Chisley Stones and C'heesden,

or

pebbly

Lancashire ''green
])ears, like

chisles"' are a small

hard kind of

green pebbles.

Our
loam.
mortar,

local

names

sujDply furHier

indications of the

character of the
It

soil.

Lumb
with

is

from the A.S. lam,

which

intermixes

lint,

means

clay,
'I'be

lime,

aiivthiniz

which causes adhesion.

limb of a tree or of
the trunk.
is

man

is

a ])arl wl-iirli

is

joined to

A.S.

liniit/ige

means

joining.

At Red

Lumh
or

to be

found

a red sort of clay.

Limy

'Water s]jeaks

for itself.

Here ma)- come L-ammack and Lomas,

In 1650 the
latter

Lomax.
It is

was written "the I.omaxe.''

within a short distance of i)laces called

Lumb,

Limefield, and CinderhiHs. and so would seem to be lime-ashes

;

.V.S. a/ise

and

axe, ashes.

The

A.S. fncox, dirt, involves the idea of moisture.

We

find

Alidgeden, jNIidge Hole,

near

Muckfield,

Madge
on

Road, Reed Mysies,

Cronkeyshaw.
*afhnity.

Hulton, and

Mizzy,

Midge, the gnat, A.S. mycg, has here an

])ersonal

For Midgeley, the

is

name, see page

103.
in

The

A.S. scearji,

of similar import,

and survives

the local term, sham-beetle.

Sliarne)ford
or through
"

may have
quantities

been a road
()f

in

miry

])lace,

excellent manure.'"
Coky7' has like associations
;

" cokyrmete "

Hills

is

given as

meaning
Moor.

clay.

We
is

have Cocker

and Cocke\

A.S. Jiwoin,

corner, a nook,

and hence some-

times a boggy place.

We

Hnd AVham, I.ong AMiam.

^^'ham Hill, Brown

LeaclT

House Wham, Old Wham, Dirt) Wham, and AVam Stone. A.S. Ji-iVom-stan is a
a diminutive form.

corner-stone.

Woniack
A.S. lac

is

is

a lake or pool, formerly written lache, but

now

spelt

leach, as Latchford ?Ieath,

Higher Leaches,

and Cockleach, or clayey

pool.

The

old

writing of

Deeplish was Dee])lear.h, and of Hcvcrley,

l'>c\erlace.

Fanname.
Foot

is

a fen or marsh,

and we have

a place of this

is

a pool

as Foot Hall,

and Pout Clough.

in

A.S. ea, water, or stream (as

ailand, an island),
places,

occurs

in

the following

names of

which

are
:

adjacent to a river or brook

Karcroft

: Eafield. on
l^agley

tlie

Roche

Fold,

by the

Darwen: Ealees,
Eyebridge,
is

Ives,

Eaton,

Eyton.

Vea
1

Bridge,

P.ank,
:

and
see
a

Ewood

bridge.

Emmott
^Ir.

eamot, or waters-meet

also ])age 87.

sluice in
a

Kerr

tells

me

that clon'

means

mill

dam, and
lodges,

that at

Clowes there are

anotlier.
It
is

several

dams

or

one aljove

probably from the A.S. disiuN, to shut or close. A.S. sic/i, Lat. siccum, from A..S. siga?i, to subside,
itself.

is

a summer-dried waterfurrow, and sometimes the rivulet

\Vq have several places called Syke, and a Syke Moor; Sykes, and perhaps Soyland Moor, both on
Klack.stone
A.S.

Edge

and Sikesbeck, near Ripon.

is

tro/i,

a trough,

a term generally applied to

deep
or

gullies.

We

find

hollow dene,

Trows near Castleton. Trawden, Troghden Chase, 'I'roughton, and

is the ridge from which run downwards a number of remarkable furrows. At the source of the Roche is a fountain called

Trougli Syke.

Trough Edge

Cheibourne.
nise in the

The
terms

first

syllable of this

name we
in

recogcyi.

chill,

cool,

gelid

the A.S.

coolness,

and

cy/t\

well

in

ilic

N. Kel, a spring
the (German
is

and, perhaps, in the word

7C'eIl itself,

<///<'//d'.

Wheeton was formerly

jjlace called

spelt

Quelton, and

near the

Whelcroft.
this district.

Wells are sufficiently plentiful in

Wal-

shaw

is

a wood, and

Walsden a
is

valley

abounding
field,

with si)rings.

A
at a

cant

the corner of a

and

Cant Hill
is

is

corner of Broadfield.

Cantle Well

a well on Cant Hill.

is

In
it

the

Lancashire dialect,
be
slioot,

cantle

c.anful

and

may

noticed
like the

that

Cantle Well was not a spout or

in

one

Packer
is

Street,

but was a dipping well.

Cold Wall
\Vall

l^row

Cold Well Hrow, formerly written Cold

Shutte,

and Cold Shutte,

or Si^out.

Near Facit

is

Long

Shut.

Shuttlewortli looks like shoot-hill-worth.

forth

(the

From A.S. spmnin, p. spaiv^ pp. spiiveii, to jDour "spawn" of a fish), we derive the names Farm and Spaw Lane, where was formerly a
;

S])aw

cold
W'ell,

chalybeate spring

as well as

Spew Spout, Spa

with

Spa Wood, Red Spa Moor, Spenn, and Spen

This
spafia
last
is

Lt^ach.

may be compared
a
teat.

Flow Moss.

A.S.

In

the

South
;

of England, spinet,
Lat. spinetum.

spinney, or spen,

means

a thicket

Traces of an old religious

are found in
all

rite called

"well dressing"
In the north of

parts of J;he country.

England the youth were accustomed, on some Sunday

in spring, to

assemble

at various fountains

and drink the

In

waters, which latterly were sweetened with sugar.

27

Rochdale,
that
tell in

"Spaw

Sunday-' was celebrated on the

Jlrst

May, when the devout, ])rovided with what

" spawen-bottles,''

were called

betook

themselves tor
that has

the most part to a well

recently ceased to exist.

on Brown VVardle,

Tlie stream
.1

now named Lautburn.

to

part of Rochdale,

that runs through was formerly spelt I.othborne. ^It

seems natural
noise,

derive the word from A.S. hleothor,

and

lilud,

loud; a brasvling brook.

Old mining terms have given us a few names. Thus lobs are steps cut by the miner, and this may account for J.obden and Love Clough. Another such term is
the A.S. hraca, the throat or jaws, and could be applied not only to a pit or deljjh, but to any narrow pass. have Raikes', Foulrakes,

-and wea])ons bear {Rhymed Chron). The word is

'al^e;

u])

the mine

or

rake

"

We

Rakebridge,

Maden Rake, Rake Wood, Rakehead,

Rake,

Rakefoot, Butterworth

Moss Rake, and WVn'

Rake.

Something should be said here of roads and ways.

A.S. geat
Ave
is

a door, a
(rate,

ga]j,

a way.

In the

latter

sense

have Cut

(;reen Gate, Casson Gate,

Trough

(rate,

and

St.

Mar>^'s Gate.
to go, survives in

A.S.
IS

gangm

gangway.

The

(.;ank

a narrow passage from owe place to another. A.S. stig is a jxath or ascent, Ger.
steig,

and A.S.

A7/V^Aasteep path with steps,

Stile.

like

Wall

Style,

Church
Clapgate

Tor

Stile,

and

Style

in

.Stansfield.

28

is

"a

small

horse-gate,''

or doubtless a liatch
i)lace

which
deer

was stretched across any

within bounds.

lo

keep

cattle or

Hence Hatchford, and

the mysterious-

looking Thatch Latch, the hatch leach, a leach or marsh

crossed by a hatch, like Leach Gate Field.

Ford and
a j)ath,

forth,

from A.S. fara//, to go, Ce\Uc ffordd,

do not

necessarily

mean

passage through
signify

water.

vShawforth, Catforth,

and Eamford

the

wa)' through a wood.

The

structure of the Anglo-Snxon

language

makes

it

impossible that Shawforth

should

mean

the

further

wood.

We

find also

Hollowforth

and Middleforth
noticed.

Hill.

Sharneyford has already been

Boundaries have always been matters of importaiice.

Twistle
is

a division hetivixt contiguous farms.

Such

are Extwistle

and

Birtwistle, the

oak and birch boundary

Oswaldtwistle, the boundary of Oswald, and Ehtwistle,

that of Endr, a

name found
in

in
;

Enderby, and

in

Endrod,
Green,
de

King of Norway
Twisse Barn,
Twisil, I4tli

784

as

well as Twiss

and
Cent.,

Lower
Lib.
I'if.)

Twistfield

{Radulfits
is

Tintwistle
to

a fenced
is

boundary, from A.S.

hazel hedge.

fyua?i,

hedge

Ha/.eltine

Bounds of

a wider sort, as those of a township, were

ge??ice?-e.

called meres, or meyres, A..S.

As such bounds
places,
it

would naturally often run along swamp)

is

easy to understand the double meaning of this term.

An

allied,

but

much

mo'\-

important word

i'^

the

29 mark, march, or marsli,

as
still

indicated by such a place

March

Hill,

the

territorial

boundary

of

tribes.

'J'hese
in

boundaries consisted of extensive common-lands,

whicli

no one could hold private

and Woden was

right or estate.

Their delimitation was accom])anied by religious ceremonies,

definition

the

tutelary

god.

Their
trees.

was often marked by carvings ui)on

officer
/fi(c?'

Their charge was entrusted to a special

i^erefa,

A.S.
gerefa,
;

Ger. graf, a reeve,

who was

called

the warden of the marches, the margrave, or marquis

just as

Waldegrave

is

the steward of the forest

Pals-

grave, ox p(iliint-gerefa,\.\\Q.

reeve of the ])alace

;

Sheriff,

or scin'-gcfrfa, the reeve of the shire

and Hargrave, the

provider of the army.

In some
constable,

])arts

of

Lancashire grave

still

means

and

constables' rates are called grave-leys.

;

Marshaw was formerly Mereshey

ruption of Merchesdene
;

Marsden

is

a cor-

and Marland, Markham, and

Marklew

find their place here.

One
sohtest,

of the Sagas, written in j^raise of Waldhere, whyo

his frontier,
says,

sometimes extended

"

Thu

feohtan

mael

ofer mearce^' thou soughtest to tight by

removing the landmark beyond the boundary.

Relative Navies.

The

relations of colour, shajie,

number, and

position,

are sure to appear in our local names.-

Hlack Earth, Moss, Leach. C'ough, and Water need

no remark,; hut the word also means hleak, as in tiitTreciuent Black HilL Bkacklcy is pronounced Bkikele)-;

Much
Edge

of the present colour of the stones of Bkackstone is due to our cherished smoke. Their distinguish-

ing character,

however,

is

that

the\-

contain a\irge

ciuantity of brilHant wliite (luartz. wliich in

former

da^^s.

when hghted by
that the

the western sun, must have i)resented a

striking appearance.

This ahnost tempts one

A.S.

to

surmise
or bloc

name may be from

is

blicaii, to sliine,

(Norse, blakka), pale,

paigle,"

or bleached.

''As blake as a

an old saying, which

signifies

"as pale as a
is

primrose."

The meaning

of Hoof-Stones Height

sug-

gested

b>-

A.S. hof. a rave.

Other names

For (Irey-stones, see ])age 57. are Radcliffe, Redvales, Red Moss,

Redmires, Redwatcr-foot, Reddy Shore, Red Lees, and Roddlesworth. Red Sha^- is Reed Shaw.

White Rees, and Whittle and Witul, temp. Hy. I.

Whitfield,

Hill, or AVhythull

Green Gate, (h-een

T5ooth, Greenhcys,

Green Head,
In Doom^^day

Greens, and (iriudle, or (ireen-hill, End. Book, Carnforth was Chreneforde.

A\'e

have two places

called

Vellow

Hill,

one

in

Pleasington, and one near Rittleborough.

It is difficult

to sa)-

how man)-

of the

browns are
the

really colour-names,

as they readily intermix with

Celtic brun,

to

be

mentioned farther on.

AVe ma)-

doubtfully take here IJrownfield,

hiii.

Brown

Stones, Brown-

and Brown Moor.

Indicating shajK-.
Hill,

u-e

find

Round

'I'horne.

Round

Ringlows, and Ringle>-. And from A.S. crymbio, crooked, we. may get Crimble Brow, Crumbleholmt-. Crompton, and Crumpsall. ^Ve liavc places,too.

called Crook, Croke,

and Crook

Ha}-.
Birches;.

Implying number, we find Two Studs, 'I\vo Three Gates, and Three I.owes, or graves.
In Tatham parish
a rocky pile yclein
is

a farm called Fourstones, from

(ireat

"the

Stone of Fourstones."
stalls,

Featherstall
is

is

the place of four

is

as \.^. fyther-fot

four-footed, ^Ti<^fytJier-scyt
is

four-cornered.

Feather:

stonehaugh

the funeral

mound

of four stones

it

has

sometimes been explained as meaning the hill of the man Frithestan, a name, however, which more naturall>corrupts into the

modern Freestone.
a contraction of seven-acre.
the

Seneca Lane
Instances
of

is

names of

relative

position

are

numerous.

From

A.S. lum, p. heng, pp. hangen (as in Stonehenge,

henge-dif^ hanging-clW ^Ve have also Hendene, or^brTngincr Moss, Henthorn, Hanging Lees, and

the hanging stones),

we get A.S.

our Hinchcliffe.
hollow,

Hen

Hanging Bridge. Hanging Chadder, Hanging Shaw, and Henshaw, all three mean tJie hanging
wood.

hinge

is

that

on which a door

it

hung.

Nether House, Netherley, Up Holland, Over Houses, and Over Darwen, are clear enough.

We

jrther find

Middle

Scars,

Middle Creave, Middle

Hill,

Middleton

the

larms called

Metal Cote and

Mettel Hole; and

midhope.

Middop and Mytho)), hoth meaning The fundamental meaning of mid is a

Maiden
Cross
is

meeting-point.

the

cross

midway
us
as

between Burnley and Todmorden.

Here, ])robably,
witli

come Medcalf and Medlicote,

jjersonal

surviving

names, and comparing with our

It

jjlaces called

Calf Cote and Higlier Calf Cote.

in passing, that

may be
is

noticed,

a cot or cote

is

the sim])lest form of

a shed which
\

covering or shelter.
cattle

Gadding Cote
at pleasure.

can enter or leave

Bunkers Hill and

a sleeping-lnit, or

the places called Bong, seem to

i)unk
is
;

mean

A.S.

bone;
;

Dan.

by?ike.

Bunkliouse, iiowever,

bankhouse

'

stod uppen ane bonke,"' 1205.

Farside,
if

In addition,

we hnd Furbarn,
and

Farpasture,

Farlathe Farm, Farfield, and, perhaps,

Fafield, as asserted, Fafflety
fteld is

formerly spelt

Fafflety

Brow.

For-

a mining term, and signifies the farthest place a

man

has wrought.
1679,

In old writings occur "the further

''

field,"

and
is

the

part

fowtherwest,"

^300.

Feather

Moor
A.S.

the further moor.

We

also have

Near Moor Bank.

!

From
get such

///,

ute^

extra,

without,

beyond,

as

in

uthealfj the outer half,

and
as

iit-land,

land hired out,

Croft,

we
Out
to

compounds
1300.

TJttley,

Utleach

Wood, Oatshaw, Out Lane Head, and "as

'le utlone,'"

far as

Similarly, A.S. bufa/i^ without, the converse oi bhman,

33
within.

The

''but

and ben" are the outer and inner rooms

of a dwelling.

Butt also means an outhouse, and some-

times a field or yard adjoining a house.

Midgehall Butte,

Barn Buts, Winterbutt Lee, Rumbuts, Farbuts, Middle

Buttes, Acliinbutt, Goosebutts, and Shearebutts,
Per-

haps the converse

Willbutts
I

is

seen in Spotbins.

take to be a corruption of Wilberts.

See

page 109.
Relative height
Jio/i
is

shown

in

names from A.S.

Jieali^

(Dut. hoo and hoogh), high, and the comparative

/iyr7'a

form
the
1

(Ger. hoher), higher

the difference being

addition

of the letter

r.

Hooley, or high ley

brow, and Hooley
vStone,

loolc)' barn, Iiridge,

wood,

cloug.li,

Hill, near

Denton; AVho-stones, Hooden, Hough

Wholaw,

Wholaw

Nook,

Higgfield,

Higginshaw,
;

Highen Moor, Hoglow, Hoglow Clough

Vggshutte,

now

corrupted into Hogshead, the farm of the high

still

spout,

to be seen
in

Heaton and Hoghton

is

Hogwic.

mentioned

1230, was, there

:

reason to think, in
if

Hoghton township
tive

and,
is

lastly,

not

personal^

name, perhaps Whewells

high

hills.

forms are Hore, or higher, ^Vithins,

The .com])araHoar Stone.s,

Whor-low, Horwick, on the sloping sides of Rivington

Pike, Hordern, or higher pool
;

Ireland, a field, near

as formerly

Facit

Arlees

Hursted, the

higher, or,
;

written,

Husted, the high stead

Horbury, Horrocks,
('Wilhelmus de

Horrocks Moor, and Horrocks Scout.

Horok.
c

Lib.

Vif.)

"

Floral Names.

And
local
is little

now, having gone through

it

this

multitude of

names,

might seem that the face of our countrv

first

changed since the day the Saxon

it

saw

it.

But, in truth,

was

far fairer

then than now.

For

the stately spreading trees and groves of gladness are

gone, and
"
jNIerry

all

the forest flowers are withered away.

ii

was

then in ihe good green

%voocl,

When the mavis and merle were singing, When the deer swept by, and the hounds were
And
the hunter's horn was ringing.'"
silvre

in cry,

At the time of the Conquest, the

held by
extent.

or woodlands

Gamel of Rochdale were about 240 acres in The woods of Horwick were 16 miles in cir-

cumference, and had their aeries of eagles, herons, and

hawks.

A grant

of pasture to Saddleworth Chapel, in

III.,

the time of

Edward

"venison and

birds."

made special exception of The district of Rossendale,

till

which was not disforested

1500, had an^area of

30J square miles. Game laws for the protection of deer were of the most stringent kind, and death was
the penalty on any
stag to run
till
!

common

person for causing a king's

" Merrie

he became short of breath.

was

it

then

The
well

steady thinning of the woods, to procure timber

for building

and

firing,

received a sudden impulse, as

shown by Mr, Kerr of Crawshawbooth, from the

35
use of charcoal for fuel
in

the bloomeries or iron-

smelting works that were established in this neighbour-

hood
forests

after

had so widely consumed the of Furness had been extinguished by legal

those
that

Cinderland, Cinder Hill, Saunder Height, and Saunder Clough, near Bacup, are so called from
the
scoriae or

enactment.

cinders about the old bloomeries

tliat

aforetime were numerous both in Rossendale and

in

Saddleworth.

The name

is

from the A.S.

d/o2fia,

mass or lump (of smelted metal).

Our

topical nomenclature furnishes

abundant addibut of

tional evidence, not only of the

many woods,

the various trees, shrubs, and flowers that once adorned the country.

Shaw

is

the A.S. samui, a shady place

"

"

woll abide

under the shawe

(Gower).

We

have Smallshaw and

Bradshaw and Broadwood, Caldershaw, Goldshaw, and Blackshaw, or bleak wood; Aushaw,
old

Meanwood,

wood

Hayshaws,
;

enclosed

wood

Turnshaw,

secluded

wood

Bickershaw and Prickshaw, the wood

by the brook; John Bruckshaw, 17 17.

or

Bemshaw

is

corruption of Beaconshaw, and Kershaw of Kirkshaw,

Kyrkshagh
Shade walk
Holt
is

in 13th cent.
is

shed walk.
^

a copse or grove.
"

An liuntynge wenle Sir Lamfal To chafy in holtes hore.""


36

We
Holts.

have Old Holts, Bleak Holt, Alder Holt, Birchen

Hurst, from A.S. hyrst, an ornament (Ger.

ho7'st, a

clump of

trees), is

what

is

now

called a plantation.

" From each

rising hurst,

Where many

goodly oak had carefully been nurst."

Drayton.

We

have Micklehurst, and Smethurst and Smehurst.

the great

and small
is

plantation.

Alder Forest

a corruption of Alder
is

Ford Hurst.
ev'^r,

With, as in Copwith,

from A.S. wiidu, O.N.

wood.

The
bushy.

place

on the

hills

called

Busk

is

from

bosc,

As might be surmised, we
the various kinds of trees.

find

ample indication of

The

Owler, A.S. aler, Lat. alnus, the alder; as

Upper

Green Owlers, Owler Lane, AUerscholes, Ollerton Fold, and Light Owlers, of which the old spellings are
Liht Olres, Light Oilers, and Light Ollershaw.
that
It

seems

here also should

come WycoUer,
means
little

formerly spelt
:

\\'ykeoller.

Light or

lite

or few

" Sin thilke day that they were children lite." " Theah the wintra lyt" (though winters few).

Cant. Tales.
Beo'.vu!/,

Alder

is

a later form, the

Hill.
-

Shaving intruded

as Alder

Bank and Oulder

The
A.S.

Elder-tree,

totally

different
Pollen

from the

Aldei",

ellen,

or

ellarn,

as

Brook,

Ellen Royd,

; ;

37

Allenden Slack, Ellibank

in Spotland,

and the

Eller-

beck which flows into the Douglas.

The Black Alder-tree,

These have sometimes,
derived from A.S.////,
Folerigg,

A.S. fulan-beam :\x\Afiile-tre(nv

as Fulwood, Fulshaw, Fulthorpe, Fulton,

incorrectly as
I

and FuUedge.
think,

been

dirty.

Foulridge, formerly spelt

refer to the fowl

and Foul Clough, probably

" with
cliffs,"

all

fowling and taking of fowl in and

upon the

1625.
Birch, A.S,
hirce, Lat.

The

betula; as Birchen Head,

Bircle or birch-hill,

Birchen Lee, Light

Burchy.

Birks,

and

The Hazel,

A.S. hccsl ; as Hazle Edge, Haysill Farm,

Small Hazels, Light Azzle

Edge,

Light Hazles, and

Haslingden or hazel dene.

Nut-tree, A.S. Jumtii-bea?}!

as

Nutshaw, Nuthurst,

Nuttley, Nuttbank, and Nuttall, Nuthall, and Notogh,

corruptions of Nuthalgh.

For the personal names, see

page T04.

The Ash,

A.S.

cesc ;

as Ashenhurst, Ashes,

Ashmore,

Ashby, Ashworth, Ashclough, Ashton, Ashbrucke Hay,

and probably Isherwood and AspuU or Ashpool.

The Mountain Ash,

from
its

A.S. wice^ called also cwic-beam^

;

rapid growth

as AVicken

Low, Wicken
;

Llill,

VVicken Bank, Wicken Hall, and Wickenberry

as

as well

Quick Mere and

Saddleworth

cum
of

Quick.

In
;

Westmorland the Mountain Ash

giving
us

is still

called

Wiggin

suitable

derivation

Wigshaw,

near

33
Warrington, Wigland in Malpas, and Wigan. -As regards
the last

name something
A.S.
ac,

further
Lat.

is

said
;

on page
as

64.
holt,

The Oak,

quercus

Oken

Acornley, and Light Oaks, " the Tynden-Oke (or oakfence) of Norden,"

and

"

Oakenheade Wood," a vaccary

is

Oak dene. The oldest spelling is Okeden. Adam de Hogdene spelt like him who in the time of Henry III. wrote his name Matthew de Hormerode. Ogden used to be famous for its large
oaks,
ones.-

of Rossendale.

Ogden

and the adjacent doughs are

still

full

of small

The

crests

of the

two

contain an oak-branch,

fructed.

Ogden families both It may be noticed

for

here that hog was a term used originally for young

sheep up to the
swine
;

first

shearing,

and afterwards

young

both requiring the care of a hogwarden, a word

preserved in our Hoggard.

Hogs were

so called from

being fed in a hok or pen.

The Willow,
a
''

A.S. withig ; as Green AVithins,

Warm

Withins, and Within Greave.

In the Lancashire dialect

withen kipple

''

is

a thick willow stick.

salh,

Another Willow, the A.S.

Sales,
Saltonstall,
;

Lat.

salix

as Sale,

Salwick,

Saltridge

or

salh-ridge,

Sollom or salh-ham

probably Saughton and Saighton,

and

certainly

Salford

and Sawley or Salley Abbey.

Salesbury was originally Salewel.

The Linden,

or Lime-tree, A.S. Itnd ; in Linsgreave,

Linthwaite, Lindrod, Linswithins, Lineham,

Lyne Edge,
Moss, and

eynes Clough, Linnyshaw,

Lennyshaw

39

Lenny Barn. With the last may be compared Sloe In the Thorn Barn in Rawtenstall. Shakespeare has
^'

line grove."

The Yew-tree
Dfewsnop
is

gives

its

name

to

many

places, simply.

probably t'yew snape.

Tlic Cherr)', introduced by the

beaui,

Romans,

A.S. ctris-

and

cirse^ is

found

in

Cherry Clough, and perhaps

in

Old

Sirs.

It is interesting to

notice that certain trees are absent

from our nomenclature.

The Beech,
stone
soil,

also introduced by the

Romans,

A.S. boc,

does not appear.

It requires, or at least loves,

a lime-

buxion means the town of beeches.

is

'I'he

Elm

an indigenous
is

tree.

Five miles to the

;

east Of

Rochdale

a place called Yl\\\

near Haslingis

den

is

Helm

Shore, and

The Three Elms

it

by War-

rington.

^Vith these exceptions,

does not occur in

the

names of

places, nor, as far as I

peat.

know, has

it

been

dug out of the

The mosses

of Lancashire are

altogether 20,000 acres in extent.

Ccesar expressly mentions that the Fir was not found

in Britain
;

and

in

no ancient writing or name have we

its

any indication of

presence.

But we

liave

ample

proof that trees of this species were once very plentiful

in

our neighbourhood.

In Qhatmoss, and

in the

mosses

of Ashton, Tarleton,

Holmes Wood, and Twiston, near

abundance are found buried
in

Pendle,
])eal
nut-;.
;

firs in

great

the

together with oak, ash, birch, and ha/els bearing

40

few plants and flowers

;

still

have

at leas^ a

nominal
of the

existence

but

it

should be noticed that

many

Saxon names

that are

now
in

specific, as briar

and broom,

formerly meant bushes

general,
jDlaces,

and were derived

from words meaning waste

We

find

the

Holly,

A.S.

holi

and holegn;
bears the
;

as

in

numerous places

called HoUins.

One

name

of Gilded HoUins, or the dipt hollies

that'of

and another

Booth Hollins.
A.S. bro)u ; as Bromley, Brimicroft, and

The Broom, Broom Hill. The Gorse,

Clough.

A.S. gcrst

as Crorsey

Lea and Gorsey

of our

The Raspberry,
indigenous
fruits
;

A.S. Jdnd-hene; one

truly

as Hindle, or hind-hill,

Hindeburn,

a stream near Accrington, and Hindley, or Hyndelehe,

1300.

As

this

plant was fancifully

its

named

after

the

hind, the next took

designation from the hart.

The Whortleberry,

A.S. heorot-berie, called also Whin-

Whinny Clough, Whinney Edge, Whinberry Naze, Whimsy Hill, Cranberry Moss, Cronberry, or Cranberry; as

shaw, and Crumberry Lee.

Aldenshaw

is

a corruption

of Ald-win-shaw, old Whinberry

wood

or, as

some

will

have

it,

the

possession

of

the

man
grape.

Aldwin.

A.S.
wliich

winberie,

originally

meant the
is

Whin,

generally signifies gorse,

of Celtic origin.

All these

names

much intermixed. The Heather, A.S. /udli,

are

Ger.

heide

as

Top-of-

4'

Heather, Hathershelf, Hathershaw .Moor (Hatfield, and Hadley).

The Bramble,
Brere-ridings.

A.S. brcBr; as Brearley, Brierley,

and

The Hip, or Briar-rose, A.S. hiop, heop, Heap Clough, Heap Hey, Heap Fold,

or heap; as

Heptonstall,

Hipping Holm, Hippings, and the district called Hea]j. "Thomas de Heppiscotes," 14th cent. For the personal

name

see page 98.

Garlic,
a.s

The
1701),

A.S hrovisa (allium

sylvestre,

Somner,

Ramsgreave, Ramsbottom, and

Ramsden.
1

The
and

old spellings are Romsgreave,

Romsbottom,
the
wild

604,

Romsdcn,
it

1626.

Rhoms
in

are

onions

which,

is

said,

abound

these

places,

and

are
in

found nowhere

else.

They

are certainly

ijlentiful

Ramsden.
Tlie Sword-grass (or, perhaps, the bulrush, scirpea,

Somner, 1701), A.S.

Lefra,

loifer ; as

Nether Leavers,
Lever

Little

Great

Lever,'

Liver
is

Hill,

Edge (and

Liversedge.

Levers Water

near Coniston).

Lastly, the Rye-grass, A.S. rige,

Dan. rug; as Rigley,

of Rye.

Royshaw, Rye

Croft,

Rye Head and Top

Roylance and Rylance, personal names, are corruptions ofRylands. Ryall .seems to be Rye-halgh; "Thomas
Ryhale," 15th cent.

Perhaps Royle

is

Rye-hill;

it

has

been found spelt as Ryle and Role. Royley or Riley, and Royton or Ryton, are on the stream called Roy
(see ,-age 65).

42

Faiinal Nafiies.

The
found
tered

early
in its
in

animals of the neighbourhood are also

names.

But a certain

difticulty

is

encoun-

the

ancient

totemic customs
after

of

mankind,

whereby men called themselves

they
eitlier

an animal wliich
(jualities

worshipped, or

witli

whose

they

believed themselves endowed, and whose image they

bore as an

name

of

emblem or a place may

it,

crest

so that in

some
to

cases the

be, not that of

an animal which

formerly infested

but that of a

man

whom

it

once

belonged.

Wulf and

Eofer, the sons of

Wonred, were

Saxon

chiefs,

and Ottar was a Norse hero.

in

At the time of the Conquest the animals found

was largely

Lancashire were chiefly those of the chase, as the land

forestal.

Moreover,
in

it

is

certain that the

surrounding country,
fare,

consequence of frequent war-

had become poor and depopulated.

The Norman
neither bull,

survey was ordered to be

made

" ne

quidem bos aut

vacca, aut porcus praetermitteretur,"

that

cow,

nor swine should

farms
it is

be omitted.
described
as

Many

of

the

hamlets and

are

desolate.

Of

Amounderness

said, " sixteen of the villages in this

hinidred have few inhabitants, and the rest are waste."

Oxen and
thrice
;

" pecuniae," ox cattle, are spoken of twice or

as implied

and swine,

by the word pannage, are

Frequent

indicated only once in

South Lancashire.
chevril,

mention

is

made

of the roe or

and of the


43
.

martern, a kind of weasel, valuable for

this,

its j^kin.

Beyond

there

is

no notice of

either horse, cow, sheep, ass,

pig, or dog.

We
I
.1

find

the

Wild Boar, A.S,

eofor,

Lat. aper,

in

Evorishaw, Everilshaw, and Eversden; and perhaps in

Boarflat, Boarshawfold, Boarshead,

and Borsden.

The

wild boar

became

extinct in 1620.
iviilf {ixom.

The
I

Wolf, A.S.

which, in compounds, the

/ often

disappears), in Wolfstones, Woolton, formerly

;

A\^olveton
I

Woolden, formerly Wolden; and

in

^\'olfenden.

Wolves existed
tih

England

till

1680, and in Scotland

1743.

The
Orrell,

Otter, in Otter Eee, near

spelt
in

Ripponden, and

in

Doomsday Book Otringmele

(otter-

meadow-mill),

The
I

Broc, or Badger, in Broughton, formerly Broc-

ton, Brockholes,

and Brogden

and

in

Badger Edge,

Bagaley, Bagshaw, Badger Slacks, Bagden, and Bagslate,

formerly Bagslade.
jl

No

doubt Bagslate extended to

Naden Brook, The Hare, A.S.

stones,
I

hara, L.G. hase^ in Harwood, Hare-

Harsnepp,
is

Harsenden,

and

Harridge

Pike,

which

near to Hare Hill and Harrop Edge.

\
\\

"Of fawnes, sowers, buckes, does, Was full the wodde, and many roes."
Faw*^horp was formerly Fawnthorpe.
in
ii
.

Chaticer.

A sower

is

a buck

fourth year.


44
.

Butterworth,

in

one instance, used

j:o

be

written

Buckworth.
Staghills,

We

have Buckearth, Buckhurst, Buckley,

Harthill,

Hartley,

Hartshead, and Rooley,

Roe Lee. The word deer, now restricted to red and used to mean any kind of wild animals.
Rowcroft, and
Ger. thier^ Gr.
fjjjp,

fallow deer,

A.S. deory

Lat. /^;'^.

" Mice and

rats

and such small

deer.'"

K. Lear.

"When

night-dogs run,

all sorts

of deer are chas'd."

Merry Wives.

Dearden and
distinctive terms.

Derdale,

near Todmorden, are

not

Dewhurst was formerly Duerhurst.

Its

The

wild-cat formerly infested this district.

in the Victoria
fifth

bones

have been found

Cave, associated with

Roman coins
names

of the

century.

Hence, perhaps, such

as Cat-holes

and Wild Cat Low.

or

We

find the indigenous,

black Rat

in

Ratten

Clough.
"

And

right so,

quod

that ratoun."

Pitrs.

The modern brown rat did not reach England till 1 730. The Toad, A.S. tade, in Toad Lane. There is another Toad Lane on Blackstone Edge, a third in Toad Leach, Manchester, and a fourth in Preston. formerly spelt Todleach, is near Healey, and Toad Carr
is

at

Todmorden.
is

As regards

the last-mentioned
it

name,

Dr. Whitaker

probably right in conceiving

to

mean

"the valley of the mere abounding

in toads."

Tod

is

only a nickname for the Fox,

who

dislikes

45
water as
its

much
tail.

as a cat.

To dod

an animal

is

to clip

ears or

We

find the favoured beast in Foxuill,

Foxholes, and Foxstone Edge.

The Swine
and the
Hill,

is

found

in Swine-rootings

and Swineshaw

Cow in Cow-gate, Cowside, Cowcommon, Coo Cow Heyes, Cow Lee Lane, and Cowlishaw.
;

Probably Cuncliffe Moss and Cunny Leach are named

from cows or kine

It

A.S. cima^

ge7t.

pL of cows.
Steed and stud are

may be mentioned
ox,

here that Stott means not only

young

but also a horse.

cognate terms.
"This revc
sate

upon a

riglu

{:,'ood

stot."

Cant. Talcs.

The Charter of Forests enacts that " ever}- freeman may have in his woods avyries of s]\irhawks, falcons,
eagles,

and herons."
kite,

Glede, A.S. glida, the

we

find in Gledhill, Gled-

stones (Gladstone), and Gladden FTey.

are

North of us there

Hawk Yard and Hawkshaw

Fold.

Near Todmorden
I

are Eagle Crag

and Hawkstones. Earnshaw

is

Bride Stones, notwithtake to be Brid,

standing the bride and bridegroom,

or bird. Stones.
A.S. earn.
is

the

Hearnshaw

the old

wood of the eagle, name of the lieron.

flight

" As when a cast of faulcons made their

At an herneshaw

that lyes aloft

on wing."

Faery Q.

We

find the

Heron

also in

Heron Knowl, Herring

Knoll, and Erringden.

The Raven,

A.S. hrafn, seems to occur in Ravens-

46
pike Hill, Ravens Clough, Rivington (raven don) Pike,

Revidge, and Ravden.

shaw.

Renshaw was formerly Raven-

Hra^fn was also a personal name.

A.S. craw (L.G.

The Crow,

Kraai ; O.N. Krakr,

in Crow Crow Lane, and Craw-

cognate with the A.S. hroc, the rook) appears

Thorn, Crow Trees, Crow

Hill,

shaw Booth.

Cronton,

in

1562, was spelt Crawcnton.

For the present Crey, the Crye and Crye

be referred to the Crow.
In Baines' Lancashire
"
is

Meadow may

the luminous statement that

Chow Bent
ceo^

is

the bent of

Chow," or the sedgy

I

field
is

possessed by that person.

the A.S.
are the

think the true etymon

chough or jackdaw; and the instances

Chew Moor, Chew Clough, Chew \\'ells, Chew Brook, Chow Bent, Chowley, and perhaps Showley and
Shakespeare makes Prince Henry use
" Peace, chewet, peace."
hceji,

Showley Brook.

a diminutive form,

The

Celtic hen^ old, or the A.S.

worthless,

is

generally given as the origin of the following; but the

A.S. hana^ a cock, and hcen^ a hen,

seem preferable
Henfield,

Henfold,

Henland,

Henheads,

Henci-oft,

Hemvick, Henley, and Handley, formerly

spelt

Hanley,

and

in

Doomsday Book
gccc,^

Hanlei, the

d being euphonic.
in

The names
Wood, and
is

of other birds are found

Piethorn,

(jaukthorn, A.S.

the cuckoo, Robinshaw,

Buersil was formerly
;

Wren
s])elt

Bittern Pits.

Huerdsill, Burdishull,

and Burdshill
I

behind

this place
hill.

Lark

Hill.

Sprowell

take to be Sparrow

47

Local Names that show Traces of Histqricai.

Persons.
In ancient writings, such as the Sagas, we find the names of a number of Saxons and Danes who, together
with
their

followers,

certainly

settled

in

England.

ingenuity have been spent in order to discover such traces of them as cannot fail to exist in our local and personal nomenclature.

Great pains and

much

The
the

been a mass of highly speculative suggestions, out of which the ensuing have been selected as, on
whole, not improbable.

result has

Holon weold Wiosnum," Ilolen ruled the Wrosns. two names that are still found together in Hollin and
''

Ros.sendale.

Gigg
the
is

is

a farm near Bury

the diminutive Gichel

;

is

name of
is

a person in Liher Vitce

and Giggleswick

a village in Craven.
preserved in Ciss Hill.
in

Cissa

Cnebba Dedwin
Gwrial,

Knave

Hill,

near

^""'^^ ^'^^^-

Heatho-Bardain Eardsley and Beard Shaw. Hreada in Reed Hill and

Ridlev.

in

Deadwen Clough.
Celtic

Geat in Cadeshead.
lorm of a Saxon name recorded in the
Life of Merlin,
in
in
is

Hryp

in

Ripley, Reaps,

and

the

Reaps Cross.

Hwala
Niih,
"

in

Whalley.
Ijb.
Vit.,
in

preserved

Nytta,

Whorlestones

(as well as

Night Hill, Needham,'an<l

Needless.
Ofta in Offa Hill.

Whorlton

in

Yorkshire,

Worlestone
^

in Cheshire,

and
in

Gildaj,

Whorwelsdown in Wilts.) a Welsh name,

Gii lets.

Sigennind-in Simondstone.

Soemel

in

Samlesbury.

48
Streona
in

Streenes,

Strines,

Wihtla-g

in

Whitcley.
*

Strines

Clough,

Strange

Common, and Strangeways

(as well as

in

Strenshall in

Canute in Knott Hill. Haarfagr in Halfacre.

Yorkshire).
vSumser in Summerseat.

Hogni in Honey Holme. Hrotan in Rawtenstall.

Wala

in

Walworth.
in

Hungar
Whitworth,

in

Hunger

Hill.

Wihta

Weets,

Lobbi

in Lobley.

and White Ridings.

Solvar in Silver Head.

THE NORSEMEN.
One marked
difference
in
is

character

between the

Saxon and the Scandinavian

case of the different
the

seen in the well-known

to

meaning which they attached

same words.
A.S.
77>,

The
dwell;

Eat. viciis, as in Prestwich, the village

of the priest, was a place where

men might

securel}-

and

/<?n/,

as in Sandiford, a place

where they
was a
safe

might securely

pass.

The Scandinavian

vie

harbour for ships, ixwd Jiord, a creek they could safely

enter.

The term
;

ivic
is

was also applied to a wide reach

in a river

Ipswich

Geapes

wic, a

bay

in the river

Gipping, and Fishwick, formerly

s})elt

Eiscuic, a fish-

pool in the Ribble, near Preston.

The

Latin

vici/la,

diminutive of vicus, gives us the words

villa

and

village.

Between

a.d.

449 and 450 there were

several

Saxon
Lanca-

invasions of the south-east coast of England.

shire,

however, was not colonised -by these, but by the

in

Sixons who invaded the south-east coast of Scotland

49
547^t

must have been many years

after, that

spreading

gradually to the south and west, they began a "struggle

for existence" with the Britons of this country.

In A.D. 7S7 there took place the

sions of the Danes,
west.

first

serious incur-

who

also streamed in

frum east to

Their principal settlements were in Lincolnshire

are to be traced by the

and Holderness, and

towns and farms
suffix
;

names of

such, for instance, as possess the

toft^

of by^ an abode, and of

a homestead.

Thus, between Ripon and Thirsk, on the other side

of Blackstone Edge, over an area of less than ten miles
square,
are

the

following villages

Firby.

Gatenby.

IMannby, Sinderby, Ainderby, Kirkby, Newby, Roxby,

Crosby, Sowerby, Birkby, Norby, Melmerby, Ealdersby,
Southerby, Leckby, and Asenby.

No name
of Rochdale.

of this kind

is

to

be found in the vicinity

find, instead of by, are

But what we do

some older forms of the same word.

boer, for instance,
is

The- O.N. byr or

probably represented in Bearshill,

Bear

Hill,

Byrome, Burton. Buerton, Thornber, Bamber,

from an ante-

and Greenber.
Booth, too, which has
affinity to by^ is

cedent form,

O.N. bud^ a dwelling.

The

forest of

Rossendale contained eleven vaccaries or cowpastures,

which were called Booths, from the huts of shepherds

and cowherds
Booth.

such as

For the personal

Cowpc Booth and Bacope name see also' pages 87 & 90.

Th'.

hamlets of the Danes were sometimes designated

so
thorps
;

and a high authority

in

says that this term

'a
is

is

not

met with

Lancashire.

Thorpe means
It gets

gathering
the

together of people as into a village, and

same

word
and

as troop, a

company.

contracted into trop

trup, as Wilstrop, near York.

We

have a Thorpe

by Royton, and Trubsmithy may be a corruption of Thorpsmithy. All the same, thorp, though not absent,
is

very rare.

The

conclusion,

then,

of the
here,

matter

is,

that

the
this

Scandinavians

who

settled

and
its

to

whom

neighbourhood

owes so much of

nomenclature,
the

invaded Lancashire not from the east but from

west.

The names

they gave to their farms are older

in structure

than those of Danelagh, and are not to be

district.

found in the Danish

They were
fiords of

the

vik-ings

or

baymen

of

the

deep

Norway and

Iceland,

So remote and com-

plete was their occupation of the Shetlands

and the
is

Orkneys that every name

Norse.

in this archipelago

pure

Scotland was their south, and they called

land
;

it

Sutherislands,
title

and the Hebrides

to

them were southern

or Sudreyjar, an appellation which survives in the

of the Bishop of Sodor and Man.

In the mainland of the Orkneys

is

a vast tumulus,

which looks

at a distance like a natural

green

hill.

subtt^rranean passage leads to a

chamber
alcoves

built of

massive

stones

and containing three

or

sepulchres.

51
walls of the interior are covered with runic inscriptions, which number as many as one thousand,' and are of a highly archaic nature. These were carved by a multitude of sight-seeing Norsemen, who broke into the tomb, which seems to have been an ancient

The

one even

in

their distant day.

One
axe,

writing has been thus translated

:"

AVith this

owned by Kor, hewed

the son of Traenil, along

southern shores."

Along southern shores they came.

their

The

Leivis ^vas
in

Lyod-haus or wharf; a good anchorage

Skye

they called Broadford, after Brede Fiord in old Iceland; and they bestowed the names now borne by almost every headland from the Western Hebrides to the Isle of Man.

There they established a powerful colony, and from

that base they

made
forests

incursions into Cumberland, West-

morland, and Lancashire.

Amid

the

that

covered the country, they

axe.

wrought clearings with the

The open

places thus

rid of trees they called rod, rode, ridding. for instance; Greenrod, corrupted

Blackrode,

into Grindrod;

and

Raw-riddmg.
just as

Ellenrod
is

is

a clearing

among

elder-trees,

Oakenrod
III.,

one among oaks,

is

In the time of
assart (or

Henry
As

mention

made

of

-an

wood-

clearmg) called Akinrode."

Rod ^ and Rhodes, become

the borders of Yorkshire are approached. Ridding,

Ryding, Royd, and Royds.'

52

We
or

find

Raw,

or rough,
;

smooth,
is

Royd

Royd; Stony Royd; Blythe, Ellen Royd, and Green Royd.

Ackroyd, one
is

Huntroyd
through

a clearing for the chase; Holroyd, a path

hollies;

and

through
the

oaks.
to the

Heyrod, now corrupted into Herod,

enclosure; John del Heyrod, 1422

way

Heyroyd Farm,
to the ?^Ioorgate.

near Colne.

Murgatroyd
is

is

the

way

Near

Todmorden
is

farm

called

Murgatshaw.

Rawcliffe

a corruption of Rodecliff;
similar words.

and Riddell

and Ridehaugh are

The Norsemen often called these forest clearings after their own personal names names sometimes
;

totemic.

Thus, Brotherod

is

the clearing of Broddr,

;

who also gave his name to Brotherton Ormerod, that of Ormr Collinrod and Golynrode those of Kollr, and
;

Swaindrod that of Sweyn.

Broddr

signifies

a spear,

Ormr

a serpent, and Kollr a helmet.

Urmston

was

formerly

Ormston,

and

we have
Buthor

Ormshaw and Ormskirk.

Other names are Clegg, cleg the horsefly
the bittern,
in
;

Butterley Hill,

Butter's Bottom,

and

Butterworth, formerly spelt Botworth and Botesworth,

1270; Grima, a helmet, one of the

titles

of Odin, in
in

Grimshaw, Grimscar, and more compounded

baldston
;

Grim-

Broc,

the

badger,

in

Brocklebank

and

Brocklehurst.

Gaukr, the cuckoo, in Gauxholm; Forseti, the judge,

oiie

of the Norse deities,

in

Fawcett and Facit.

or

53
Facid, 1781
Skuli, the splitter (of stones or \Vood for

houses) in Scholey

Head

and Oddr, a
place,

dart, in

Oddy.
;

Thwaite
in

is

cleared

field

or farm

as

Slaithwaite, Haghthornthwayt,
tlie field

Thistlethwaitc,

Lin-

thwaitc,

of the sloe, the hawthorn, the

thistle,

the linden-trees.
in
lo].)

The word
us.

is

much more abundant

S.

Lonsdale than with

off.

The A.

has

tJiweotaii, to

(kirth,

which corresponds to the Saxon worth,

is

from O.N. gardr, a fence.

We
for

have sucli names as

Cart Side, Garside, Garstang, Garswood, and Garland.

Hogartii
enclosure.
is

hogardr,

yard

hay.

Iinitek
is

is

an

In the form of Intake, the

name

fretjuent.

O.N.

beii,

a pasture, gives us Baitings, a farmliouse

])asture,

on Ulackstone Edge, Sidebeet, or large

l)erliaps

and

Eeater Clough.
or
arf,

Aj-gJi

Lat. to

arvum

(Sansc,

root

ai'v,

to

desolate
farm.

and hence
word
is

plough up)

signifies

an arable

I'he

not found close to Rochdale, but

near Ivirkham are such places as Grimsargh. Anglezark,

Aulezargh, and Goosnargh, the farm of G]"im, cf Angel,
a hook, of Ula, an owl, and of Gusan, the powerful
wildgoe)se

of the Northern seas.

With
of
a

this

may be
and

comj^ared

Genserich

the

name
is

Vandal,

Sasfugel, that of

an Anglo-Saxon

chief.

O.N.

skali,

a hut or house,

from

^tlie

Sansc. root

skal. to split.

The

huts were built of split wood, and

roofed

witli sJiak

or split stone.

stair

made

of sione

54
slabs
is

the Italian sca/a^ with which

Shell

may be

(:oni]jarcd

our scaling-ladder.
root,

and
a

scale are

from the same

with
as

and

we

read

of

horse

caparisoned

" scholes under shankes."

Brinscall, Scoles, Scales,

We
:

have such

])!a(:es

North

Scall,

Scole Car Edge,

1.

Scholefield, and Schofield

John
in

del Scolfield, 132

Shawcross probably comes

cross, 1550.

here

Richard Shal-

O.N.

bol,

a dwelling,

is

generally corrupted inio

I'ou'.

We
Hill,

find

Bowstede,

Bow

Lee,

Bow

\Vood, Bowstone

and Bowland, formerly Bolland.

byggiiii^\ is a

O.N.

building.

On

Blackstone Edge

is

a place called

Eong

Biggin.

Erom

O.N. hlada, to heap up, to store,

comes the

w^ord laith, a barn.

We

have High Laith,

New

Eaith.

Hey

Laithe, Ear Ing Laith, Lathebutts,

and Claviger

Laithe.

Lately

Common, Lady

Lees,

Lady

Bridge,

Lady Barn, Lathome, and Latham I take to be from tlie same word and there are a Latus, or Laith ELouse, in a neighbouring parish, and a Ladhouse in Cumberland,
;

to

which the Ladyhouse

at

Milnrow bears

a suspicious

resemblance.
Side,

O.N.

sida,

is

a distinctively Norse

name

for a

settlement, as in

Ormsidc and Rampside, the settlement

too intermixed with the
It

of

Ormr and of Krafn. The Norse Jwl, a hill,

is

A.S. hyl, to be easily distinguished.

also mingles

with the Norse words how, hoy, haugh, haiigr, and hopt\

55
all

signifying a

hill.

Further confusion

is

due

to the

fact that in Scotland, as well as in the

North of England,

Jiaugh

and hope indicate

valleys.

It

would seem,

there-

fore, that there is

an admixture of correlatives which are

probably some older forms of O.N. haugr, a mound,

and

hop, a recess.

We
Royd,

have such places as Hough,

How
;

Gate,

How

How Royd

Clough,

Greenhow

Langho was
as Billing-

originally Billango,

and

is

in the

same parish
is

ton and

Billinge Hill;

and House End

a corruption

of Hough's End.

Also,

Haugh, Bulhaugh, Ridehaugh,

in

Ridihalgh, Broadhalgh, and Grcenhalgh, spelt

Doomstoo,

day Book Greneholf, and corrupted into Grenal.

Hulton was Haughton and Halghton: Aighton,

was Halghton.
nally

Kempnail was Kempnough, and

is

origi-

Kempenhalgh. Withnell

a corruption of Withen-

halgh.
tions
;

Aspinall, Bramall, Nuttall, are similar corrup-

and Fernihollow was formerly

spelt Fernihalgh.

The term haugr

also signifies a sepulchral

mound.

At Haulgh, near Bolton, a barrow was opened which

contained two Kist-vaens, in which were an urn of red
earth, a

number of bones, a bronze

Rainshough
is

spear-head, and

some armour.
and Hopley.
AViddup
is

by an old camp.

AVe meet the word hope in

Hopwood, Hope

Fold,

Cowpe
probably

is

a corruption of

Cow Hope.
I

Wide Hope;

we _have AMddup
take

Gate
to

and

Stirrup,

Mossop, Harrop, and Broxup

be

S',.arfhope,

Mosshope, Harehope, and Brockshope.

Gale, O.N.

geil,

akin to

gill,
is

a ravine,

is

a site in the

hollow of a

hill.

There

a place of this kind and

name
gill,

at

Littleborough, and another in Castleton.

We
Low
98.

have to look farther

off for instances of the survival of

Gill,

a ravine; such are Brackens

Admergill,
and,
perhaps,

Cross

Gills,

Gill,

the

personal

names

Bowskill and Brunskill.

For
diiip,

Fothergill, see

page

Dub, from the Norse

on a
hill.

depth,

is

a piece of water

This seems to be the origin of Tab Road,

Debdale, Dobcross, Dobbrow,

Dob

Hill,

Daub
for a

Hill,

and

Dove Law.
culfra
;

The common Saxon word nnidu-culfre was a wood pigeon duva was
;

dove was
rare.

In Scotland a duck-pond

is

called a goose-dub.

Dern, or Tern, from O.N. Horn, has a very similar meaning: a small tarn. We have Turnley, Turnaugh,
Turnehill,
Carr,

Turn
Horse

Slack, Tarnacre,
is

and Darnhill.
or

O.N.

kiarr,

a swamp,

hollow with

water, as

Carrs,

Broad Carrs, West Carr, The

Little Carr,

("The

bottomless carr," in Durham,) and

many

places called simply Carr.

is

In the Lancashire dialect carr-water

peaty water.

When

car
is

means a

rock,

it is

a corruption of scar.

Starr

a word of Norse origin, and signifies strong

;

or coarse grass

as in Starring, Starring Hill,

and

Starr-

garden.

Scow, O.N.
the personal

skog,

is

a wood.

The word

survives in
in

names Briscow and Haresceugh, and

and Burscough.

the places Thornscow, Scowcroft,

57
Mire,
mires,

O.N.

inyri, is a

bog or

i^^x^..

AVe have Red-

and Myrescough.
O.N. grein,
is

Grain,

a division

as in

South Grains,

on

tie old parish boundary,

Long

Grain, Grains, HasPost,

lingcen Grane, Grane

Head, Grane

and Graining.

CIos2 to the last mentioned,

stones
this s
;

as grey

is

is a place called Greynot a distinctive colour for a stone,

probably grain-stones or boundary stones.

A holm
the
the

meant

first

a small

flat

island,

and afterwards
on

bw

meadow-land, almost an
of a curving river.
in this

island, the delta

Unks

Such

places,

called

abound

neighbourhood.
is

and so Sidholm is the

the middle holm, embraced by theCalder and the Hebden. Cowm is thought by some o be Cowholm but the character of the place
; ;

spaciais

holm

Mytholm

suggess the meaning given on page 63.

TheNorse word
Buclle
cattle."
^

is bfi,

keld or kd, signifies a fountain. cattle, and kd ; " a place for

watering

Cold Wall Brow seems

to be keld well brow,

is

a redupication.

Beyond Burnley
is

Kelbrook.

The .^odden
has
afiflrty

the valley of the Spot.

to spate, spit,

This word and spout, and involves the

It
is

idea of

small body of water flowing swiftly.

likely thi the

!

name

of the stream
is

is

of Norse origin.

since in N^orway there

Isle of
Tv'an

a Spyten Vand, and in "the

Norsemen often erected aiuge stone as a memorial of the illustrious

a river called Spooyt Vane. Besidesraising a funeral mound, the

58
dead.
burial;
earth.

Places
the

called

Jordan are from C)iN. Jardan,

is

O.^ Jord

equivalent to the A.S. eorihe,

Boundaries were sometimes marked by stones,

in

\\hich

such cases would bear the owners' name.

Stones

were also raised in adoration of a divine

person.

Lund means
far

a sacred grove.

Not

from Saddleworth are Thurstone, Thur;den,

Thor Clough, and Wamstone. Woden compounds into Thor and Balder were sons of Odin or Wbden. warn.
There
is

a Balderstone on the Ribble

and

thisis the
is

oldest spelling of the place in Rochdale.

Milks one
iiat

probably the stone of Mioll, and Ravenstone

Hrafn,

of

common Norse names;

as Ormistons,
tall

while near th( place

spelt Orm<stanes,

known
lads."

and formerly

are a pair of

stones called at the present tine

"two

THE ROMANS.
Though
years,

the

Romans occupied
to

Britain for

abut 400

and intersected Lancashire with

their military

roads, they
vicinity.

seem

have

left

not a single nar.e in this

Dr. Whitaker says that on the

crosses Blackstone
called the
Castle,"

Roman rad

which
still

Edge was

" a subordinate fort,

whidi probably gave orgin to the

a

purely Saxon denomination of Littleborough

Harbour, as Cold Harbour and* Windy Hrbour,

irequently-occurring

is

name

in Lancashire.

i:3mner says

59
" Hercberga
is

a station where the

army

rested in their
as

march."

The Cold Harbours, numbering

many

as

70 on the

Roman

roads throughout

England, ^vere

unroofed enclosures, or caravansaries

afterwards used to designate an inn.
"

The word was

1 saw nat this yere swiche a compagnie At ones ill this lierbcrwe, as is now." Cant.

Talcs.

On
the

the Britons themselves, however, the influence of

so long, must have been
large

Romans, who ruled them

by
tlie

very deep, as shov/n

number

of Latin

words that have become incorporated into the 'Welsh

language
races,
;

so

nmch

so, tliat

but for the advent of other

England would now have been the country of "a Romanesque people, like the French or Spanish.''

THE
Not a few of our
This
fact,

CELTS.
names are
distinctly Celtic.

local
first

which

at

seems a
to

startling one, a little

consideration
inevitable.

will

show

be perfectly natural and

By

the

incursions

and

settlements

of

Norsemen and Saxons,

the original British inhabitants

of this part of the country were not destroyed, and

were not even altogether driven away.

lived side by side with the old.

The new

races

The

entire population

of Cumberland, or land of the Cymbry, used the Celtic

language as
l)art.>

late as the loth

it

century

and

in the wilder

of the district

was s])oken

in the reign

of

Queen

6o

Mary.

The Norman Survey

tlie

of Lancashire and Cheshire

mentions among

tenants of the soil several persons

nationality,

whose names imply a Welsh

Owin, and Rees.

such as Grifin,

Choice and

fruitful

])laces,

that

must have been

eagerly seized by
lost their old

new and unscrupulous comers, soon

;

denomination
all

but

unowned

rivers
still

and

uncultivable mountains,

over England,
ancient

retain,

with
tions.

few exceptions,

their
;

British
that

designa-

And

so with us

the

names

have been

preserved and transmitted are not so niuch tliose of

woods and

fields

and

(at lands,

as of the far hills

sort of

and com;

the lonely moors.

These places were a

mon

jjroperty.

The Saxon

cared not to enclose th.em

the Scandinavian did not covet them. the air or as the sea, free to
poor.
Tor,
or frir,
is all,

They were

as

the birthright of the

towerlike

hill.

Tor-hill,
Stile

near

Haslingden, 1,114 feet in height, and Tor

our only examples.

seem

Bryn, a
these
titles

hill-ridge,

and dron, a round

hill.

Under

may be

placed Bryn Farm, Brynsop, Brun

Edge, Brean Hey, Brown Wardle, Brund Hurst, Brandwood, Burnt Hill, Burnedge, Brownedge, Brunshaw,
Hollin
this

Brown Low, name two miles

hill
;

Higfi

Brown Knowl, Brun,

:

hill

of

to the east of Friar ^Mere

;

another
sjielt
;

Brun, a

near Mossley

Brimrod, formerly

Brunrod

Brown House, behind

Rushh.ill reservoirs

6i
Brinscall,

and Brindle.
spelt,

Brindle

is

Bryn-hill

of old

it

was variously

but in 1352

we
was

find " Sir Peter de

spelt

Bryn

of

Brynhill."

Brining

Brune

in

Doomsday Book.
Allt, a
cliff,

as in Alt

hill,

now

corrupted into Ottle

and

Otts.

Cnoc^

hill

or

mound.

Nockliffe
;

Eaves

eaves,
road.

A.S.

efese, is

a border or brink

and perhaps Nick

Sliabh, a

hill,

may be
ridge.
;

the origin of Slipper Hill and

Slipper Low.

Drum
Drummer
earth
;

is

Meldrum

is

the

bald

ridge.

Stoops

stoops are posts fastened into the

Staups Moor, Stopes, and Locking Stoup.

is

Dol
knoll.
field,

a field

so that

Doldrum
is

is

the field on the

ridge, as

Dalgarnock in Ireland
has
still

the field of the rough

The word
as in

a local use in the sense of a

Cote Dole, Doals, Dulshaw, Clay dole,

Sand-dole, Great and Little dole,

dole,

Long

doles, ]\Liy-gate

and Broad
read
of

dole.

We
turves)

"

freedom of turbary (power

to

cut

upon that Mosse dole," 1663. We have a Doldrum near Ogden, and another by Rooley Moor. Pen is a head, but not always a massive one like
Hill.

Pendle
said to

In Wales, persons

at

loggerheads are

be pen-hen.
Hill,

We

have.

Pen Moss^ Bens Toot,

a

Ben Cop, Bene

or windy
hill.

Pendlebury Fold, and Penyghent,

is

The Saxon-looking Fcnniscowles

corrup'ion of Pen-ys-goil, head-of-the-cliff.

62

Maen, a stone, is thought to occur in Manstone, and Higher and Lower Pemmins, or pen-maen, stony head. Cronk, a hill, is a word that abounds in the Celtic
parts of the Isle of

Man,

as

Cronkyvoddy, the

hill

of

the dog;

Cronky

urleigh, the hill of the eagle;

hill

and

Cronkyshinnagh, the

of the fox.

Recollecting the
it

situation of the estate called Foxholes,

to avoid the suspicion that

is

impossible
as

some such name

Cronky-

of the fox, has been corrupted into our Cronkeyshaw. The usual explanation of this name,
hill

shinnagh, the

that

it

means a rough or winding wood, seems un-

supported.

Eudan, a forehead,
is

is applied to the brow of a hill, and exactly suitable to Edenfield, formerly spelt Ayten,

is too far from the have been named from ea, water. The same statements hold good with Higher and Lower Eden,

Ayden, and Adenfield.

This place

river to

near Oswaldtwastle.

In Ireland, Edenmore
Clack, or Clough,
is

is

the great brow.

a stony place.
and
cl.nv."

"Scnde him

to seche in clif

Dedwin Clough

Dyduin, twelfth century, and Deduin,

thirteenth century, a personal name.

LuiTe, a personal

Love Clough:

name, twelfth century.

paved footpath.
is

Llech

is

flat

stone, or

The
called

highest

part of the road over

Rooley Moor

Top

o'

Loach.

^3
CivJii
is

a hollow

among

hills.

We

have

Cowm

Lower Cowm, Combes, Combe

Hill,

and Holcomb.

The word
Coed,
a

survives in

honeycomb.
cat

wood, corrupts into

(

and

chat,
''\.,

and
:'

is

rcrot^ni/ed in Chntioo-;';.

'^''-.'th;"-

ini

<

'W.

in stjnie

\y.\xv^

vA the

v.ut.tr)

tlie

;vord

;s

Mill

^.v.

use;

ash chats or beech chats are bundles of ash or beech

wood.

In

its

diminutive forms chattocks means refuse

is little

wood, and catkin

twig.
forest,
is

The
found

Gaelic fridh, a wood, Celtic (fridd, a

in

Iamv

I'Vitli,

;uul

i.-.

the ori-in of

->(y\\\^

i>l.iccs

called Firth.
frith,
is

It survives in local dialects in

the word

which means underwood.

The O.N.
r.'////,

vidr, a

wood,

])reservcd locally in the term

lauidii,

a twig or stick:

and the A.S.

a wood, tree, or any tiling

made

of

wood, may now be

timber.

a])plied to the smallest

fragment of

These are further examples of a tendency mentioned

on page
14.

Pivl, a pool or marsh, as in Blackpool.

We

have

Pule Moss, Bule Hill, Palden, Polefield, and Pole Lane.

In Doomsday Book Poole
is

spelt Pol,

and Welshpool

was formerly written Welsh Pole.

which flows Gorple
water,** is

Gorple, a

moor from
gor

probably Gorpwl,

meaning moor,

as in Gorcock, the grouse.

The word

poo^ was borrowed by the Saxons.

64
FncJi is

an

island.

large portion of Inchfield

Moor,

and of Inchfield Pasture, are almost

made,
in

perfect islands,
third.

each case, by two streams running into a

In Dooms-day
the present

Book Ince
allies

is

spelt Inise, very

a. d.

much

like

Welsh form. In

467, the Saxons, under

Colgrim, with their

the Picts

and

Scots,

were

defeated, according to Gildas, by great battles

"Super amnem quae nominatur Brittanice

est in regione Inniis."

King Arthur
This

in four

Duglas quce

is

the Douglas
is

which

falls

into the Ribble,

still

and the

district

indicated

by two places

called Ince, near Wigan.

Wigan
as

is,

therefore, thought

by some to be named from the A.S.

this
is

wig,

war

but

highly

improbable,
here,

the

Saxons
not

at this time

had not

settled

and were

only

thoroughly routed by Arthur, but did not

for,

return to the neighbourhood

years.

perhaps, a hundred

Moreover, ^Vigan

is

not mentioned in

Dooms-

day Book.

Another of Arthur's

battles

was fought shortly

after,

"super flumen quod vocatur Bassas," the Bashall brook,

which
It

falls

into the Ribble near Clitheroe.

may be

noticed that the Inches of Perth have

ceased to be islands in consequence of an elevation of

20 feet to 30
the

feet

which the land has undergone since

In one of them an anchor has been
fount;! eight feet

Roman
up,

period.

dug

and a boathook was

soil.

below the

jresent surface of the

Baile

is

a dwelling.

Balladen, for Balladun,

is

the

^>5

clwclliiii;-

on

llic hill;

just as Ballagan, in Irelan(l,Js the

dwelling in the hollow.

Taith, a Celtic deity, corresponding to Mercury,

was
Hill

widch- worshipped in near

Macclesfield,

Britain.

There are Toot

in

Cleeve Toot

Somerset, Mythe
Hill at Carnarvon.

Toot in (iloucestersliire, and

Twt

AVe have Tooter Hill, Toot Hill, 1^ode Hill, Toodlc

Hill, 'i'ottleworth

Lee,

Cow

Toot, and liens Toot.

777//. ovtei/i, is fire.

'I'he IJeltane fire

was

fire

offered

to a i^od.

Tandle
hill.

Hill, the

d euphonic, may have been

fire.

a beacon
A'r/.

or

Ilclin,

the Celtic deity whose symbol was

g;ive his

name

to

many

places in

IJritain.

In \'orkshire,

to the liaal Hills; with us, to the river lieil or Beale.

Belfield

was formerly
is

spelt

Beilfield

and
or

Belefield.

Beal

Key

in

Crompton.

The Ribble Roy

Rybel was

called by

Ptolemy Belisama.
of Blackstone Edge, the
first

The Rye

near Oldham,

together with the

syllable o^ the
r/ie,

Rybel and of the

Ribourne, are from the Celtic

switt (Gr. ofw).

Whether

rivers called

Leven are

to

be deri^ed from

the Teutonic Jilaupeii, to leap, or from the Celtic Ueviiy

smooth, must depend on the character of the stream.

Diggle PJrook, which
flows
off

Black Moss,

is

(orrui)tion of d/in-ghis or blaclr- water.

Douglas
in

is

the

same word.
parish.
Dic'^is

There

is

river

Duglas

Croston

the

Cymric

for

water

(Or.

vlu){,).

The

66

Darwen means

clear water,

and the Calder

is

the

cil

divr or winding water.

The word many rivers,

iam, spreading, or
as the

still,

forms the name of

Tame

in

Saddleworth.
is

The first appearance Doomsday J3ook, where

it

of Rochdale in writing
it is

in
i

spelt

Racedham.

\\\

70

is

written

Rachdam.
is

Soon
Villa

after .1200 the lownshij)

of

Rochdale

called

Castella

Rachedham.

Hence we may
the stream was

confidently

conclude that the pro-

nunciation was Ratchdam.

As

it is

j.retty certain that

named before the town, the hybi-id term would indicate a Saxon hamlet on a British river.
In old document's, to within one huiulred years of
tlie

present time, the spelling of the

first

s)l]ab!e

is

always

Ratch or Rach.

The

Celtic craig, a rock, and hrac or

IiViuh, are phonetically equivalent.

In Derbyshire the provincial name for broken stones

is

raicJiel.^w^ a ridge of

commanding

cliffs is

called the

Roches.
In Lancashire the local term for a rock
is

ratclu-r,

have places called Ratchers, and Old Ratchells; while another Lancashire stream, the Rocher, flows over rocks, and in its bed are Druidical remains
Ave

and

hollowed out of the stone.

The.
still

hill
;

sides

where our

own Roche
years
ago,

rises are-

rocky

and two thousand

before fields were cleared and walls and

stonfe,

houses built of scattered

the valley must have

\

been surmounted by imposing

crags.

67

From
and

the water-shed of Summit, then,

that

which

tlowed eastward was yrlei)t Cal-dwr, or curving stream,

that which

ran

to the west,

Hrac-dwr, or stonv

stream.

When
called

the Saxons built on the banks of the river thev

town Hrac-dur ham, ur Rachdam. TJiis name was soon altered. In 129.- it was written Rakctheir
dale.

The

transformation was

due
for a

to

Scandinavian
valley,

influence.
is

Dale

is

Norse term

wide

and

o^uite distinct

from the Saxon

not a
it

dell.
;

Rock,
A\'e

too,

is

Saxon word

it is

the O.X. lockr.

may

take

that

Norse

extraction.

more common

as

Thane was himself of Carnal, which means old, was much a ])ersonal name among Norsemen
the

Oamel

than with the Saxons.

In a grant of land, dated 1051, occurs the

is

litteen years before the con(juest,

name

of

(lOuse (iamelson, and the patronymic

unmistakably

Norse.

When
is

(kimbleside was one of the vaccaries of

it

Rossendale Forest
rhe suffix

was spelt (lamulside, and again

distinctivelv Norse.

So Rochdale the Norse name of our valley sup])lanted

Rachdam,

the Celto-Saxon

name

of our town.

But

in

and the change and 11 ux of nxes, Rachder, the truest and oldest pronunciation, is
still

spite of the lapse of years,

to be heard.

68

CUMULATIVE NAMES.
In diMAving to a conclusion the
the oi)portiinity has
tion,
first

part of

tliis essa)-,

come

to

adduce cases of cumuhi-

one of the most interesting parts of onomatolog\

is

Wlien the original significance of a word

lost,

it

becomes necessary

to

add

to

it

one

that

is

understood.

1'he doubling of the feminine

suffi.\ in

songstress,

and of
It

the plural sign in children, are

is

commor
places.

instances.

the

same

Avith

the

names of
is

Ness, as in Sheerness,

a nose or pointed headland,

and was used

generically.

When

its

m.eaning was

for-

gotten, the term was treated as specific,

and a generic

name was added.

in Shari)nesspoint.

Of

this

process we see an example

:

A
the

better illustration has been used

the

mountain

at

head of the Yarrow

original British

is

called

Mountbenjerlaw.

The
mouiif.

name was Pen

Yer, or Yarrow Head, to which the Saxons added Ian\

and

tlie

Nomans
following
:

The

are

some

local

instances

of

this

reduplication
Dunhill.

Bull .^cout Hill.

Hill.

Hameldon

Low

low.

Law

Hill.

Whittle Hill.
C.'xdshaw.
(."lOodshaw.

.Snoddle Hill.

Hollin

Blown Low,

Brindle.

Hurst Wood.

Slipper Hill.

Tor

Hill.

Holt Wood. Shaw Wood.

69

C alder
!)ijj[gle

Brook.
Jhook.

Spa Well.
Cold Wall Brow,
Pule Moss.

Buckley Pasture.

Lady Barn.

Prickshaw Brook
like

is

a kind of reduplication,
first

and

is

Turton Tower, where

the village was called

after the stronghold,

Tower-town, and then the strongTower-town-tower.

hold

Avas called after the village,

PART
MOSTLY WITH

II.

)hALlN'(;

'IHR Pi'.KSONAL

NaMKS NOW

FOUX!) IX THi: r>OROl^C;H or RoCHDAr.K.

HAT
to

portion of

Doomsday Book which

relates

Lancashire and Clieshire contains a com-

plete record of the tenants at the time of the Conquest.

Of

all

the
fifth

names thus

given,

it

is

strange to see that

full}-

only a

part are yet employed, while of these

two-thirds have merely a

for instance,

prenominal

use.

As surnames,

we

still

find traces of
;

Grim, Orme, Ulf,

Warin, Brun, and Godwin

and, as Christian names,

or Ralph, and Goisfrid
interesting to notice that

we meet
(Jodid,
wolf,

with

Osmund, Radulf

or Geoffrey.

Of

the rest,

it is

goodness, LuveJe, beloved, and Ulvene, pet

not less fond than our Ursula, arc the names of

ladies,

who held

an

independent

and

honourable

)Osition.

Before going further,

licen

it

is

well to repeat wliat has

is

urged before

ist,

that there

always a strong
to

tendency to assimilate strangely-sounding names

familiar ones they
that to give

any

may happen
is

to resemble

and 2nd,

one etymology

not to exclude others.

o)-

Names from
\Ve have already met

Places,

Natioiialify.

witli plentiful i)roof that

persons

are often called after the place in which they lived.

But

they are also called after the country from which they

came.

The
:

following

is

list

of the instances in this

town

(.\)IIin;^'c,

or

)e

Chalons (sec
-'^"^1

jancw.ay,

old

s[)elliii<;

J:\n-

nls(. pai,^es ] z

9j)-

wayes, a Genoese.

l^ywell,

Kent.

Pywcll,

A man

of the Boii,

Pyman,
England
English.

a CelUc tribe.

Lancashire. Lincoln.
Morris, or Moorish, perhap.s
-x

Dania, a Dane.

crusader; IMontmorirc

came

over with the Conqueror.

>j

France,

Norris, leNoreys, a Norwegian.

Frank,
Frankell, ^

Franks.

l\.aines,

de

Rennes

(see

page

105).

Fallon, a Falian.
Frazer, A.S. Frysa, a Frisian.

Saxon.
Scott.

Fleming.
Holland.
Ireland
is
;

Snowdon.
Tansey, a
in

member

of

liie

tribe

some

cases

this

of Danduti.

corruj)ted

Norse

Wales

(see also

page

loS).

name. Eriand, which n^eans

foreii-aer.

72

Pat} onyviics.

Some

personal

names
ap

are

patronyini'':

they

arc

structurally indicative of descent.

The Welsh form

the son of Harry
;

is

Parry or i^arry

is

Ap

Harry,

Hevan, Price, Prodger, Pritchard,

rowcll,
are the son of
Ithell,
Iv.aii,

liowen,

IJetliell,

Pugh,

Reece,
Howell.

Roger,

Richard,
tlie

Owen,

Hugh, and

Hoel was

name

of the Celtic prince of

Armorica, who came to the assistance of King Arthur,

when he
Smithson,
finally

fought his Lancashire battles.

is
se)i,

The Scandinavian tbrm

Dixon.
At'ter

or son^ as in Nansen,
with,
it

some competition

superseded the Saxon form about the time of

the

Norman invasion. The Saxon form is ing^

is

inge, or iuger.

This

suflix
to

is

cognate with our word young; and, when attached

personal name,
taken to indicate descent
;

and
1

S(;

has

sometimes the wider sense of nationahty, as the

for instance,

)ancs,

were called Skioldungar, the Skioidings or

first

descendants of Skiold, son of Odin, the

King

of

Denmark.
It

has

already

been

remarked that uig

is

to

be
:

distinguished from the

word

that

means

meadow

moreover,

it is

sometimes
it

jiierely a

phonetic addition

and now and then

It

has the force of a diminutive.

also

enters

into

compounds-; Birmingham was

the

formerly written

IJeorm-inga-liam,

abode of the

7.3

sons of lieorm.
are

Some

of the neighbouring e.i^amples

Uxown
Cole (Kollr)
!

Brining.
Collinge,

Collingwuod.

);inii

Donying.
(as in EiKleii')')

Kndr
Earr

Ending.

Faningion.
Hipping.
Illingvvorih.

Heap
Hill
^^'>>'^

Holling- worth, spell with a

i

^inl546.
Pennington.

IVnn

Some

existing

surnames are said

;

to

be derived from

female baptismal names

L^etronilla,
J

as Parnell or Pownall from

Cousons from Custance, and Letts from

>ietitia.

Bodily

CJiaractei-,

Names
supposed.

derived from personal peculiarities, such as

is

Beard, are not nearly as numerous as

commonly
literally

Thus Pedhead.
counselhood
;

8th

cent.

Eadheit, means
cent.

and Whitehead, 9th

Withaidis.

means understandinghood.

The
x\.S.

following are found Avith us:

is

Bland
Baynes

is

blond:

hlanden-fcax

light-haired.

Sellers,

perhaps also

from a trade, and Sala are from a stem,

ancic'
r

common
is

in

names,

salo,

dark or sallow.

white

74
or
fair.

Blinkhorn,

Fr.
is

Blanclicron,
;

means
is

literally

whiteraven.
red.

Gough

red
is

Read

also

sometimes

Calow, A.S. calo

Little;

baldheaded, (see page 94).

Swifr,

Gross, Mutch,

Schunke and Shanks:

and Speddy speak

for themselves.

Mental

Cliaracter or Affection.

The

following are instances of

names given

for

some

quality of

mind

or

manner

Bright and Burt are the A.S.

henrJit,

illustrious,
is

of

which Albert
gais^cil,

is

an

intensitive.

Gaskell

the Gaelic

valiant.

Stark and Starky are the A.S. sta?r,

strong or fierce.

Noble, beside what

it

seems,

is

also

from 0.(i.
Nibel.

nibui, mist;

Nibelung

is

the patronymic of

Torks, old spelling Torcht, means

Curtis,
is

illustrious.

courteous

" Curteis he

was,

gentil

and

affable," {Chancer).

Bonar and Bonnar are gracious,

Joyce
is

(see also page 89}.

Jocosa.

Jolly
is

and
and

Jolyffe

"jolif

a corruption of jocose

and

amorous."
A.S.
snr/i,

Agnew
sorrow.
is

the A.S. agnu, own.

Pratt
Bratt,

Soar, the

the A.S. prwt, craft.

;

Ogle

the diminutive of Ogre, A.S. oga, terror

ugly.
is

hence the

word Wild

Huxley

is

the A.S. Jiuxlic, disgraceful; and

obvious.

AHcknaines.
In a few cases

names were bestowed

in

iest

or

75

because the original owner held some

office or

took

some

part

in

"

sjjorts,

jvageantries

and

plays,

wakes,

quintels
Sucli

and mummeries."

names were used by the

ancients, as

Basilius,

and Archias.

Among

ourselves

we

find King,

Prince,

Baron, Lord, Legatt, Bisho]), Abbot, and Priest.

Names from House

Si'^ns.

Many odd
t()

personal names, such as Crabtree. Talbot,

in

and Sparrow, originated

distinguish houses,

the custom of using signs

exce])t in

now almost abandoned

Sparke or Sparks
is

the case of Taverns.

a cc>rruptior.

of Si)arrowhawk.

Professional Names.

Personal names terminating in ^r often indicate

some

masculine employment.
so that Salter

Er,

is

the A.S. iver^ a

man

and Saltman are the same.

form
of

In

like

manner

sier is the A.S.

feminine nouns of action, and

so

we have

the correlated
;

1'apster,
Ikixter.

bar-maid

names Tapper, l)ar-man, and Webber and Webster, Baker and

of

One form
St.
is

Seymour, a word
is

generally
tailor,

derived from

Maure,

the A.S. seamere, a

and seamstress
always without
noticed
name::
as

a duplicated feminine.
in fr .haslo

This termination

be distinguish.ed, not
er,

difficulty,

from the
true

to

be presently Teutonic

abounding

in

compound

76

The names

in

Rochdale which

sprini^

frpiii

trade,

office, or occupation are

Bailey, a bailifr.
]-5annister, the

now

given.

Coke, a cook.
"

keeper of a bath.

coke they hadden

Barber;
bJarker,

may

also be a surgeon.

lie coLidc ros'.e

and sethe."
(C/ui!,cr>).

one who procures bark

Tanner.

for the

Coleman, a maker
(see also

(.>(

charcoal,

Hellhouse, ine

who had charge

page

93).

of a monaslie or other bell.

Comber.
Cooper.

Brewer
Bracer,
its

old form, and

its

Coward,
Cropper.

a cowherd.

IJrewsler,
all

feminine
to

> \
'

brewing used

be

Crowder

and

Crowther,

one

(lone by femalc>.

who
/v^vz

plays on the cr)wd. the

in-

Bowes, a bowman; A.S.

a

\Velsh crwth, a stringed

strument.

bow

"The
the

pipe,

the

Pogson,

its

patronymic.
bord-

taljor,

and

iremliling

Boardman, a tenant of
sci-i!tcc,

croud
Cryer.

" [Spencer).

in

which

rental

was

paid in kind.
Butler,
is

Dawber, a
and
"

plaster-er,

''

Ruddle

Boieller.

Daub," or stones and

"Wattle and Dau1
clay,

" Boiler schalle sett for each a inesse

clay and
or

pot, a lofe, withouten distress

twigs and

consti-

Caiman, a dealer
cowls.
Calvert, a calf-herd.

in

calls or

tuted the filling-in of "post

and pan " houses.

Driver.

Campion, see Kempe.

Carter, or Charreler, a driver

Dyer.

Farmer,
goods,
fcon/ie,

one who gave food,

or
sul "Stance,

of the Charette, a chariot or

carriage.

A.S.
ior

by way of

rent

Cariwright, see Smith.

land.
92).

Ch.eseman,

(see also

page

Faulkner, a falconer.

77
Franklin, a freeholder.
"

Kemne, and Campion.

<v7w/>,

A. S.
a

Frnnkclein was

in

the

com-

war,

at'd*

cniifa,

pagnie
sire.
Fill

champion.
lish,

T'rovincial

Kng-

At sessions ther was he lord and

often time he

champ,

a scuftle.

was knight of

" I'ut in did ccr.e the Kin^e of

the shire" (Chancer).

Spayne With Kcmpcs many a one."

I-'crris,

farrier

holli

name

Henci.',

a blustering
lot."

fellow,

and
1)}'

trade were introduced

"a
loo,

kempy
is

Here,

the

Normans.
fevre, a smith.

the

explanation

Fewer, Fr.
J''ltclier,

of

Kempenhalgh and Kcmj)and

/n>fa

one who makes, or

stone.

fledges, arrows,
Fislier.
I'"ilter,

Kidman
Goth.

Kidder,
t.

from
are

hav.k,

(see also

page 9S),

olisolcle

nanK>

for a huxter.

I'or.ster)
,,

y a forester,
.

Kilner, one

who minds
" Ro!>ert

a mali

I'..ster>
J'"()wler.

or other kiln.

Kitchen,
see Walker.

de

la

l-'ulltr, A.S./////<?r<',

Kechen."'

Gardner,
firainger,

Kitcheman.
the overlooker

of a

Lardner
herd,
after

antl

Ladner, a swine-

grange, or granary.
Glazier.

or

one

who looked

pannage and fattened

Glover.

swine.

Gothard, or Goatherd.

Leach, a physician.
Lorrimer. a maker of bits for
horses,
Fr.

Hatch, see Vatcs.

I

larjjer.

lormier,

Lat.

fawker.

lorum.
Lister,

Horner, a maker of drinking

Vessels, &c.
I

or

Liitester,

dyer
littede

"Clalhis

that

are

hint
I

of dy verse coloures" (/'/Vrv).

Ihnuor /a huntsman,
Ja-.er
)

(See also page loi).

Marlor, a marh-r ff
soil.

78
Marshall, A.S. i/iurc-scea!e,
horse-seivaiu or groom.
a

.Sawyer.

Sayer, an assayer

of metals

Mason.
Mercer,
a
i^eiu'ra/

also a fooil-tasier.

dealer

in

Salter.
Slater.

merchandise.
Naylor, a maker of
nails,
in.

or

Sheriffe,

a shirir-reevc,

.1

gov-

one who drives them

Page, and
I'agei,
iis

ernor of a shire.

diminutives

Steward and Stewart.

Seller,

and

and Sellars

a ri'.akerof

I'atchetl.

seals; also a
saildles.

maker of sells

ir

I'almer, a pilgrim or crusatler.

(See page 73).

Paynter.

Shepherd.
:

Pimley, a diminutive of I^ym

Shearer.

Pymma,
byniere,
I'inder,

/Ji'.

/7/.

A.S.

Sergeant.
''riic

a irumiiclcr.

serjcam

hcfoicr

llu:

jayli.r

one who impounds.

<.^x

luinie.

Pollitt, a puletcr

iioulterer,

Because he
the

is

the clog that inim(1630*.

game"
or of

(see also ])age 90).

Porter.
1

Spencer,

De^pencer,
the

the
a

Vector.

Keeper

Snence,

Reeves, a Reeve, A.S. ^ercfa,

buttery or pantry.

was a judicial othcer,

in

inferior

Seymour, a

tailor, (see

page 75

rank to an

earl.

There

and page

106).

was one

in every

borough.
to be

Slaughter, a butcher.
Stringer,
strings.
" Hysstajr-slyiij^crcbiim:

His judgements were

maker

of

bow-

according to the domboc.

Kimmer,

or

Kimoure, a poet,
(

or story-teller.

Shnger

->

other with bcheeK'c-

Roper.
Rutter, a cavalier.

(.

and speres

"

"A
a

garde

Swire, an old form of

es(.[uire.

of ruffelynge rutters."

"The
(neck)

swyer's

sv/yre-banc
in

Sager and

Sagar,

sawyer,

he

swapjie^

from A.S. saga,

a saw.

somire."

79
Souter, and Sowter, A.S. sittcrc,
a shoemaker. Telfer,
I'r.

taillefer,

irun-

cleaver.

(See also page 96).

fuller
;

Showier, a shoveller.
Stuttard, an oxherd.

Tucker, a
Turner.

see ^\alker.

Smith,

from A.S.
is

s.'in'laii,

to

Topper, and Tipper, the maker

of the points of arrows.
Viles,

smite,
in

any kind of
A.S.
a

artificer

metals.

myiici-

and Vowles, a player

\\()\.

<<n

smidhthe,
or

money-smithy,
is

the

mint.

Wright,
of

any
as

Walker, A.S.
a tucker.

-vealcerc, a fuller,

other kind

artificer,

Cartwriqht, Wainwright and

" Clotli that cometh fro the weuying.

is

Arkwright, a maker of mealchest-;.

iiougt

Tyl

it is

fulled

comly to were under fotc- ytoiikcl

Taberner, an innkeeper.
Taylor.
l-"r.

and ytented."
fouler, to tread
/

upon.
mill
is

Thane, an Anglo-Saxon noble-

a walk
fulling

man.
by
It

The rank was

even by the

not

Walkden

mill,

also

inherited, but
all,

was attainable
servile.

Waugh
Waller,
a

corruptly

termed

waugh-mill.
builder of
walls.

could also be claimed as a

right
.

by any one who had

\i^

(See also j'age loS).

possession

five

hides

of

Webber, a male weaver.

Webster, a female weaver.

land, a church, a kitchen, a

bellhouse, a judicial seat in

Wheeler.

the borough gate, and a seat

in the

Woodruff
like

is

wood-recve,

and

witenagemot. Gamel,

thane of Racedham, had only

Woodward
Vates, and

is

a head forester.

two hides of
'IVavis,
is

land.

Hatch, an occu])a-

and Traves.

trave

tion involved in living

by the

a place enclosed with rails

gate that crossed the rornl

for the j)urpose of confining

for

shoeing an unruly horse.

Travers,

and

Traverse,
imj^lied.

the

deer.
tlic

Hatch

is

related

to

ccdpation thus

word hedge.

8o
Strangely Spelt iVanies.

Sonie surnames are obscure only from a

mistaken

mode
found

of spelling.
in

Not
:

all

of the following are to he

is

Rochdale

the
:

list

extended hecause of

the oddness of the thing

l>acchus for Bakehouse.

Musick, Ger.

Musliaclce,

J- r.

Balaam
87).

for Jialuin,

(see

page

Mousac,

(see

page 103). page

Pharaoh
for Cubitt.

for l'anc)\\', (see

Cupid

97).

Enoch, Sth cent. Ennico.

Galilee, Vr. Caillclan.

Physick, diminutive of
l^ilate for Piloi.

T^ize.

tierod for Heyrod,

cir

TTerrad,

Poliphar, Er. Jioetefeur.

]\.hod,es for R-^ads.

(page 99).
ll(>mer for H.amer,
99).

(sec

page

Surplice for .Sharpies.

Venus, de \'enuse, Venice.

for
for

Heaven
MeUidy
102).

Evan.

Virgin,
rt'^r/;;;',

Er.

\'ergeons

from

Mellodew, (seepage

a wolf.

Naine-Bitildiug.

The Teutonic races began very sonal name to another, in order

more frequent
a

early to join
to

one

i)er-

make

a third.

practice was to

add

to a personal

name

f[uahfying or distinguishing prefix.

luid always

In these comits

pounds the stem

an original meaning of
that the

own, which by degrees

v/as lost, so

stem had
addi-

become nothing more than a proper name when

tions
tion

were made

to

of a built-up

Thus it is that a literal translaname does not always make very

it.

i{Ood sense.

8i Personal names, moreover, were exposed to a variety of formal changes which

L^reatly
it

will

be well to

set forth, as

elucidating the whole subject, before ap))roaciiing

tiie lon;j; list

of instances that Rochdale affords.

Diniiuiiiives U'cre often attached; of

which the chief

were
1.

T.

k,

as

Garrick,
;

the

diminutive

of Gare,
;

spear

paddock, of pad, a frog

or Simco.

of Sim, a peacemaker.
2.

k-k, as AVilcock, Simcox, and

horse."

"'

ride a cock-

3.

k-n.

a>

Simkin.
origin.

This

diminutive

is

of

Flemish
are

The

Jonkin, Jocky,

diminutives of John and lock; Jankin,

Jack}-,

and Jack

and Jenkins.

Manikin

has corrupted into monkey, and dunkin,

the diminutive of dun, into donkey.
IT.

I. 2.

1,

as Bunnell, another diminutive of

Dunn.

1-n, as

Tomlin.

3.

1-ng, as duckling, Dowling.

1-t,

4.

as streamlet, Bartlett.

III. n.
I\'.

as Willan.

ns,

as Willans.
Willis.

\'. s, as

VL

t,

as WiUett.

82

Names
1.

received certain photietic additions ; such as-

Vowel sounds, by which means any common name

was transmuted into a personal one
a journey
;
;

as Jur,

Farrow,
ie

tlie

travelled one.
is

The

use of ey and

as diminutives

alto.Li;ether

modern.
2.

n,

whereby Godulf became Godenulf and Goodenough.

In the same way Messager became

Messenger.
3.

d,

whereby Hanley became Handley. In the same

way the Peniltune of Doomsday Book

h.ns

become Pendleton.
4.
r,

a very

common

addition, easily
;

confounded with
terminatioii

the occupative suffix

and with

15 in the ensuing List.

5.
s,

the most

frequent addition of

all,
:

because

it

mixes with the possessive case

Peters,

as Royds,
as

]ones.

Jones

is

the

same word

Johns.

S3

The
be used

following

is

a Taim.k of the

princi])cil

terminawill

tions found in })uilt-namcs.

for reference.

The

attached numerals

IVord.
1.

A/t-iVtiitg,

Covipoundcd

horiii.

Helm, A.S
Ando, O.II.S
IJeohrt,

helmet
life,

nm, em.
and, ent.
Lert, pert.

2.

spirit

3.

A.S.

illustrious

4.
5.

Bald,
Bjorn,
Cof,

A.S
O.N.

bold
bear
active
.\
;-

bold, ball, ble.

burn, born.

6.

A.S
Goth
Aud,

cough, copp, cup.

rd.ew, die, dy.

Die, O.H.Ll
7.

-(Thius,

servant

^^thus, tuss, tiss,

/Fhcow, A.S.
S.

...)

^thew.

Ead,

A.S.,

Goth
9.

prosperity (felicitasl
(

Heatho, A.S. Had,

ci, ot, il,

O.H.G
10.

war

[head, had
comliiion,
\

Had, A.S. Heit,

Ger
Ferhth, A.S
Frith,

"hood,"
(qualitas)
spirit

^^^

J
.........

11.

(mens)

forth, ford.

12. 13.
14.
_

A.S

pe.ace

fred, frey.

Gar, x\.S
Gisal,

spear
...

gar, ger, ker.

gils, gil.
)
^i")

O.H.G.

hostage

niere, A.vS
^

army

^^' 16. 17.

18. 10.

Hari, Goth

warrior)

t-ry-

Heard, A.S
Leof,

strong (ilurus)

hard, ard,
love,
lifie.

art.

A.S

dear (gratus)
famou^r.

Mar, A..S

mer, more.
(potestas
*.

Mund, A.S
Niw, A.S
Red, A.S

protection
tutelaris)

...
"

mond, meni.
ney, ny.
rad, red, rat, ret

20
2..

young, new
Civjnsel (sententia)...

8.1

U'ord.

.ffrafti/ii;:

Coinpouitded Fonu.
rick,
rich,
ridfre,

22.

Rice, A.S.

powerful

rigg, ry.

23.
24.

Stan,

A.S
...
...

stone, firmness

ston, stone, slin.

...

Weald, A.S. Wealh, A.S.

Wulf, Ulf, A.

power (imperium)
stranger

wald, old, well.

well.

25. 26.

S.

wolf
^\'-i^"

olph, wool, well.

2j.

Wig, A.S.

way,

wick,

vcy,

vy, vig.
28.

Wine, A.S.

friend (dilectus)

win.

20.

Wudu, A.S.

wcod

(silva)

wood, with, white.

COMPOUND PERSONAL NAMES.

^\''e

are

now

in a position

to

understand the origin

and structure of the large nuniber of Teutonic personal

names,
surviving
in

Rochdale,

that

remain to

l)c

considered.

Each of the ensuing groups

forms
;

is

headed by the simple

the

compounds

follow,

and are niarked

b\

numerals which refer to

All the
order,
(

ttie

preceding Table.

names

are arranged, in a roughly alphabetical

under stems which Mr. Ferguson has compiled,

from Forstemann.

hiefly

^^5

A. E.

1.

J.

Y.

O.

From
the

Goth,

ast,

A.S.

ct^sc,

a spear, so called after

ashwood of which the

shaft

was made.

J-lsc,

son

of Hengist.

Hasty

llastlmg, ^/w.

Askwiih

' ,

From O.H.G.
Aro.
Airey

aro, A.S.

earn, an eagle:

7th cent.

Avncti
ArntJlt

)^

,.
"

""

Arnold, T. 2^. V.ww^x-xWy loia!

siifjlx.

From O.H.G.
\

ecca,

A.S.

ecg,

edge: 4th cent. Acco,

Hego, Aiko, Eyo.

Haigh, when
not local.

Acking 7 Hacking S^

Hackney,
'

7".

20.

From
Etti.

the Goth, stem atta, father:

7th cent. Atto,

',

Adkin

,.

Atkinson, pat.

Edsforth, T. 11.

Auk en

Adsnead, J

jo.

From
Allday
j '

A.S. aid, old: 7th cent. Aldo, Alto.

Aldis, dim.

Aldrick \
Aldridge>"
'

"^'
\

Alton,///.

(Haldisa, A.S.)
Allcard,
^'a;v/,

protection.

{.W\.\\\\y

6th cent.

(Alcheard, A.S.)

(Al-lwin, T. 2S.\

(Aldceord, Lib. Vit.)

86

From O.H.O.
From O.H.G.
Fbur, Ibor, Ivar.
Heber
Heifer

arc, acquisitive:

oth cent. Avclio.

Aichii)ald, 7. 7.

eber,

A.S. efor, the boar:

6th cent.

Everard, 7. 16.
Everett, T. 21.

Kvery) Avery'

_
7th
cent.
Alj,

From
l<:ilo,

Goth,

aija,

(alius)

foreigner:

Ella.
)
,.

Ellis

Elliott

,.

Alison, A7/.

Elsdon, 71

^^

Alice

Alcocks)

Elmore,

/. iS.

(Elstan, 1051.)

(Elesa, A.S.)

Ehdon,

!.v. siif.

From
gcoc.

old s^xm Jug: Goth, jiika/i^ to combat, A.S.

:

courage
Tvulfre.

Ancient name Jugo.

t

lowles)
Jewell riivn.
.

,.i

jewison, pa/.

\
-'

\ ^ 7. 0. |o\vett>

Jewiss

From
Evo.

O.H.Cr. tica, A.S. 7//, law: 9th cent. Fno, Jo,

Veo.
Ewinj^, fat.
I'^wart,
7*.

z6.

(Euing, Dii.)

From O.N. as, A.S. us. (divus) hero, a prefix used by 9th cent. Aso, Asa. all who claimed descent from Odin
:

Osborne,

7'.

5.

Osmund,

T. ig.

Osbaldi-stone,

7".

4.

Osgood, gaud, Goth,

Oswald, T. 24.

Oswin, T. 2S.
Ilosty, T. 7.

Atherton

is is

Heatherton, a local name.

Harbottle,'see page 13.

Arbucke

Armytage

is

Hermitage.
i)lace:

Arundel, probably from the

i

A.S.

earaidd

is

star.

8;
iMiimett (when not local, see page 25)
(c/neta,

is

from A.S.
''

(luietness,

or leisure.

"

Amese you

is

calm

yourself.

is from the same word. "Mid Amothingum," with the sons of A moth. Empson,

Empty

pat.

Emj)sall, sal, a hall.

is

Armistead
Arminius.

from the old personal name Ermin,

B.

P.

From Goth,

badu, A.S. beado, war: 6th cent. Bado,

Betto. Patto, Peto, Betho.

Katt
P.eton

Peto
I'ate

Paddy
Petty

Katty

Pooth

is

a Norse form of bcado

Bothulfr

is

the equivalent of

Beadowuir.

Padiham, formerly Paddingham, the abode of the sons of Paddi, who it is known had possession of lands there.

From O.H.G.

palo,

A.S. bealu, bale, mischief: 8th

cent. Ballo, Pallo.

Pall
Bayliss, ///.

Paler)
)

_
-''
'

Ballbarrow,/tV.

jv//.

Beale

Balaam

Polorf

88

From
Harr
Parr

O. H.(t. ha)\ a man: loth cent. Parq.

Parkin
)
i/iiii.

Parkin-son,/^/.
Ixnrrctt,
7'. 7'.

Parker, 7.jj.
liarfonl,
7".

Barlow )
Parling)
(l^erkins

2/.
7.

/y.
A;^
.

Barry
Parry
I^^arrow

Purdie,
is

Barracloiigb,

../.

Purlove,

7'.

77.

corruption of
Peterkin.)

From CM.
Bass
Passey
Jiessey

basa,

and

/vV^?,

to strive:

7th cent. IJasso,

9th cent. Piso.

Pascoe ^
P>assill
(
_

Passman,
Passmonds,
7! 19.

l>esley

I'aslow

From

A.S. brytJiian, to break, and brytta a ruler: yih

Britto.

cent Briddo,
Brett

Briddon,

///.

Prettyman
Pridmore, T. jS.

Pride

Priddy
.

Pretty

From

Goth, brican. A.S.

braca/i, to break, beat, bra\

6th cent. Brachio.

Briggs

Bracken, ph.

Briani, T. 3.

Bragg

Braceweli, T. 2j.

Bray

From

A.S.

b/r/Jie,

renowned: nth
^

cent. Brimo.

1^'ime

P)ramall

Bremridge, 7. 32.
<//w.

Bramble?"
Bramley-)

89

From O.N.
1

broddr, a spear:

Old Eng.

brode^ to prick:

3th cent. Broda.

Broad
Brodie

Rradock,

dij/i.

Ikoadhead, T.

9.

Ikoderick, T. 22.

From O.H.G.
Bardy
Pardee

harta, an axe: 9th cent. Bardo, Parto.

I'ardslcy,

dim.

Bardolph, T. 26.

From O.H.G.
Old Eng. pink,
Becco, Begga.
I'.igt,'

pichau, to slash, A.S. becca, an axe,

to

stab

8th

cent.

Bicco,

Picho,

Pinck
liing

!!igS^^r

Piggol, T.

S.

Pick

>//.

Bicker-staft> 7. /j. (Pigota, yj//- <va'A^

Beech Pinkerton)
Pickles
^

Picker-ing )

Beswick, T. 27.
Bex\\7k,okl spelling.

]5eachman
Pickard, 7. 16.

Pick ells (^ dim.

Beckell
(Piichil, Z/^.

Vit.)

From O.N.

heysta, to beat.
Besl.
(Beste, Ger.)
(Best, Fr.)

From A.S. wound (-giver)

Panno, Bono.
Boon.

^5'^//^'

and bona a

slayer,

and A.S. ben

8th cent.

Benno, Penna,

nth

cent.

Banns,///.

BonneU.
\

dim.

^"".^''' ^- '^-

Benyon, ph.
Penning-ton,
/<?/.

Bennett

Bannisier,
station,

jr/tv-

oj

liiennett is also

corruption

Bancroft,

loc. snj.

of Benedict.

90

From M.H.G.

buole,

Old Eng.

bully, a

'jomradc

8th

cent. TUiolo, Poulo, Polio.

IJull

Pollitt

\ ^^.^^^ S 3

I'Lilman

Boal
]'oole
J

Bullock bullock

Pollard,

7'.

i6.

Eulcock

'o well

Bulley
i^ooley

From O.N.
|;reacher
r.ucld
:

bodi, A.S. boda,

an envo)-, messenger, or

Sth cent. Bodi, Budo, Butta, Fotho.

Boden,
;>//.

(Pudding. A/A
.

Vit.) pat.

Booth
Potts

Bodley \7Boodle)
//>-, swift,

From O.N.
Bihb
Bibhy

O.H.G.
:

bibcu

and A.S.

bifian,

tremere, in the sense of activity

Biffin,

Sth cent. Bil)0, PippBib!)ing-t(Mi, pat.

dim.

From O.N.
Bains

barn, A.S. beam, child.

\

Parnell

Burnell

\dim.
)

Barnard, T. lO.

P.arnelt,

7'.

8.

Barnish

Thorburn
r3th cent.

is

the

child

of

thunder

Thorbeorn,

Pagan and

its

contraction Payne,

mean

peasant.

Peverley and Beverley, formerly

Beverlache,

from

the beaver, are originally local names.

The
<o\v,

English

beaver became extinct in 1200.

Bellerby
village.
is

from the Norse bdia, a

Vit.)

and by a

(Johannes Bellirby, Lib.

91

C
t

Ch. K.

(r.

I'Voin
i
'

Cioth.

JiatJi,

O.H.C. had, A.S.

catJi,

IteatJu.

Old

Frankish chad^ Celtic cad and

ancient form of the root,
is

war.
in
tlie

Cat, the most

found

Calumer and

Catualda of Tacitus.
I

])recise

equivalent of

The Old Celtic Cathmor is the the Old German Catumer and
Hoedhr, the Norse god,
or Chad, was
liishop of

he more recent Hadamar.

is

cognate.

Hedda, Ha^dda,

Wessex, 676.
i

Head

From O.H.G.
which are
chuning,
Cyni.

chunni, A.S. cyun, race, lineage; Iro.n lormed, in the sense of nobility, O.H(;

A.S. cyning,

king: 8th cent.

Chuno, Cono
j

'

Keenan ) Keane kenyon> f ; Kenny Connell ) King Cunley j

Chine

Cumrfl

jA

r^^^

^r-

7' rrKinii.^Tv 'vinii(.ai./.75-.

^.^^^ "''

t Kcnnaway,
Kenrick, T. 32.

/or

u<r

CunlilTe, 7:
((junleif,

77.'

131)1*

cent.)

Kennedy,

Z! 7.

From O.H.G.
Gawo, Keio.
^^''
^^'^''^

...mv,

O.S.

,,?,

country:

8th cent.

Kay
(Jow

Ga/e)

pn ^

^^"^^'^' "^^^'-^

'"'"^'

^^-r^S-^. .
.

^ ^^.
7tk

Oo^vc^

7! z^. -*
T:/^^.

I /<i/.

(^"'-''i^^^'

Coward,

K'Kay)
0,t\r.

cent.)

Front
^

,vtv>-,

A.S.

,.,?,-,

..

spear:

7t!t cettt.

Cero,

Kero,
Kerr
(Jare

Goran,

///.

Carft)rilr ('arf^)rl!l^

Corman.
T.ri
^^arstang,
jA<v/..,

Gairick
Carroll
)
-

CarkiL

(leere

])oK-.

Kerfolot
<^Vw.

r
7'.

Ckarlick, iac, sptjrt.

Ciore
C.^arey

Girl

(jmf^ <4 J
^

Corlcss,
o/,

Id's,

Icariu

Garroity)

-arrclt,

Currey .M'Gany, paf.

(Carihaldi, 7. y.)

Carve)-,' 71 37,

Garwood
\'arwood

>

r. 29.
)

From an

(g^esum), a javelin
Cass
Ca.^h

older form of <w, the Goth, and Celt, 6th cent. Gaiso, Geeso.
:

k''dli

Casson,

///.

Cascman
Cheese man

Cassell, Jim.

Casey

Gazey

93

From O.N.
Cole Coley
Colley

kollr, A.S. col^ a

helmet

Qtli cent..

Colo.
/.

Collins
divi.

^vj.uui, Collier,

T. IJ, y./j,.

CuIUim, 7:

Colenso
Collinge, fat

(Collier, Fr.)

Coleman

From
Co]ipo.

A.S.

cof,

active

6th cent.

Cuppa, 9th

cent.

Cnff

94

From O.N
A.S.
A''<^A

gic/a, A.S. i^alan, to sing, to rcjoi' c:

.v/,

;ilso,

pride,

i)leasant, gol, a

song, and ^y/ia//,

loth

to shout for joy:

cent. Gillo, Oilla.
(.:all

8th cent. Gailo, Gelo, Cailo,

jells

Gilbert

7".

J.

Kchcy,

7. 37.
/.?.

Gill

Jcllicoc
j

(Jalligher, r. /^.

Gilfrcd 7.

Cnlow
(iillow

Jealous
|

Galloway,
I
.

7'.27. (Galfrid,

A.S.)

(Galilee)
(Caillclaii,
JN.illicl<

Killman
''

(Gaufrid, A.S.)

Kelly
Kell
(.'ahill

Fy.)

^
I

Gilliiian

Geoffrey T. 12.
7'.

Gilniore

j8.

Gilchrist, //r/j/^j,

Gillott
|

lo shake.
/

Kale

From

O. H.

(t. geheit,

A.S.

gifciii,

to irivc

8ih cent.

Gabo, Gcbbo, Jcbo, Kyppo.

Giljbs-k

Gibson,
-^'

/rt/
8.

The
is

British

name

for IJolyhe.nd

Capes)

Gabbott, T.

Caer Gybi, the

.
^.^

fortress of

Gibbon ^ \ dim Gavin

Kiplino;
^

Giffard, T. 16.

Gybi.
Gibfield
1

(Jafney, T. 20.

^^.

Keb Coiei
is

Costello

from O.N.

I'/f/isf,

art: 6th cent. C:ostiln.

Gumberbeach

and

Gumberbatch

are

from

A.S.

cumbor, a standard, and heag, badge.

Kelsall,
in

Doomsday
in

IJook,

is

Code

tliis

is

the
J 'it.

diminutive of the 6th cent.

Goggeshall,
Fssex,
is

Cogo, and Guga, Lib.

a

corruption oi (iwgan-sal.
:

Congleton
is

is

a corruption of Cogeltone

so that Kelsall

Gogel-sal.

In

the

same way,

its

neighbour Kels-

l)orough would be Cogelsborough.^

Gapstick

is
is,

the Ger. kopfstikh, headpiece.

Craven

of course,

frcMii

the Yorkshire

district.

95

famous
cated in

for the caves in its limestone,

its

which
is

are. indi-

Celtic name, screfau.

Gamble

a corruption

of Gamel.

D. T.

From an

old stem dan^ connected with the Danes

8th cent. Dano, Tanno, Tenno.

Dain Denning Dean Tennyson Dana
\
^^''^
'

Tennant,

7'. .?,

Denton,

/t^t, j/.y.

Tanner, T. 75. (Tanneur, />.)

Dania

From an

old stem

tai^

and

tot,

father

6th

cent.

Tado, Daddo, Tata, Datto, Tedo, Todo.

Tate
J)ate

Tatham,

in

Doomsday Book Tat-haim,

Tateham,
loc. siif.

old

spelling

Teat

Todd
]

Dedquene Clough, Zl 28. (Dedwin was 9th bishop of London.)

)odd
)o\vd

Dodman Todman
Doddridge, T. 22.
Tellock,
lac, sport.

Dothwell, 71 24.
Tattersall, sal, a hall.

(Diidd, l)isho]) of

(Tethard 9th cent). T. 16.

Winchester.)

Dutton,

pJi.
>

Tiuing, pat.
>
>

Tad loo
Tetlow

dun.

,.

From O.N.
Tofi.

duhba, to beat: 9th cent.

Dubi, Tujia.

'

Tipper, 7. 15.
Tiipi)

Do] )el,

(/////

Tiihb

Tipping) Topping)

Topper,
'

7',

75.

Topham,
]3evine
7".

lor. suj.

Tibbs
Tufiy
J)u*i"y

2S.

96

From
Drebi.

Goth, drahan, A.S, drepan, to beat

Trapp
Trippier

:^

Sth cent.

Tnpyear

-^

From O.H.G.
cent. Dilli, Thilo.
Dillon, //i
Tillett,

telen,

A.S.

di/gian,

to

destroy: 8lh

Tillison

Telford)
Telfer
(Tilfiiih,

dim

Tillotson T

^'^''-

(Dylleword, 1292.) I2thcent.)

^^^-

Dihvorth,

/^r.

.y///.

(Tilferd, 13th cent.)

From
Terry

Sane, tar, to penetrate, O.N. doen; a spear:

9th cent. Tarro, Terra, Torro.

Darrens
Turley
^

Dorrell > dim

J

Darwin, Dormer,

T. 2S.

Terrier,
Derrick",

T. r^.

T. iS.

T. jj.
\

Tarrant

Torrence

''^"'^' ^'^^^^^'
\

From O.H.G.
Docca.
Tuck Tuke
Dowell
-j

dau, A.S.

//uurrc,
:

morals, O.H.G. fuga//,

A.S. diigan, to be virtuous

Sth cent. Tugus, Tukko,

Tiier

l^owlinS > divt

Tower
Duerr

>-

T. jj.

Dew
r)uke

Tocock

Tucker ^ Ducker y Toogood,

^^'
'

is

A..S.

duguiJi, honorable.

From
Dicey.

Goth,

deis,

wise

Sth cent. Disso, Tiso.

Dyson ^ Tyson \ ^ Goth,

tr/ggics,

From
Trj-ggo,

O.N.
dim

tn'ggr, A.S. treowe, true

King of Norway.
Trigg
Trickett,
Tr;ielovc, T. ly.

Try
Dr>'

Drysdale,

loc. suf.

97

From O.N.
ay

dcegilegr, beautiful, A.S. c/(C^ia;/, to shine:

6th cent. Dago, 'I'acco.

I

Tncon,//^

Dakin)
Daily)'

D air,

7".

75.

Tec TagDacy
1

(l)aihcr, 9th

cent.)

)oasy

Tipple and Tippet are

'I'ipples (Ireen, in

corrui)tions

of

Theobald

Sussex, was formerly spell

Theobakrs

(Ireen.
I

)a\vkins

is

the diminutive,

and Dawson

the patro-

nymic, of David.
Tickle Atte
is

Diggle.

Twigg
is

is

Atte Wick, as
the
i)la(

Tabby
spelt

is

Abbey.

Tlirelfall

from

in

Doomsday
the Fylde.

T.ook Trelefelt, which looks like \'illage of

Deegan

is

from

A.S.

t/iegrn,

thane:

8th

cent.

The2;an and Deuan.

F. V.

From O.N. fara,

joiH-ney,

A.S. faran, to travel, A.S. /r;-. a

:

and from O.'^.farth, voyage

Farrell
N'arley

7th cent. Fara,

Pharo, Farnus, Forti.

Farr
!''arr<i\v
? \

P'arrington, pat.
^''''

3 J

P'order, T. i^-

\.

\\\xhy,loc.!:uJ.

(Fairy)

Fearnley,

r///;/.

(Forthheri, 12th cent.'

Farrer, T.
1=;.

(Pharaoh)
I-\-rn

(also local.)

Furlong, dim.
(Ferling, A.S.)

Varker. 7\ /j.
Fartand, T.
2,

I'crnie

Fnnl
I'orl

(Fehrlen, Ger.)

(also a corruption of

I'crdinand.)

l''aranay

(Fen

Kr.)

f;

98

From an
f'read

old stem fred, K.^. frith, peace

9th. cent.

P>iddo, Fritto.
Kreel)Ocly, bod^ envoy.

Firth

(Frithabodo, 9th cent.)

Frederick, T. jj.
Freestone, T. 2j.
(Frithestan, A.S.)

Fothergill, T. 14.
(F'riothugils, 12th cent.)

(Frithugils, 13th cent.)

From an
Fitt

old 9>\emj7d, faith

Fitton, ///.

nth

cent. Fidis.
iMtter,
/:
//.

Fidoe

Fenton and

I-'enwick are of local origin.

H.

From an old Gothic stem

Flebo, FIcppo.

alhi,

man

51)1

cent.

Abho.

Heape
lieapey

Hibbott'*^

,.

Ilepplestone,
T. 3j.

Hibbert, 71

,\

Abbott

(Hepay, temp.
Ali!gJo/iii.)

Hepplewhite,
T. 2g.

Hepworth >_ Habbeshaw)

Happy

(Heppewal,
lord of Chorley

and Bolton,
1320, T. 2j.)

From O.G.
//(?//,

i77iO,

an ancestor, comate with

('eltic

old

5th cent.
Ilennessy

Anno, Henno.
1
I

Flanna

Haynes Hanlon Hans is (Enoch

also

'I
)-diiii.
I

Hanson, '^Ai/. Ainsworth^

/ft-.

S/i/.

(Hahnemann) Unsworth
Ainscough,
7".

>

6.

an

Henoc,/"^.)
Hanc(^cl^

abbreviation
c)f

fohannes.

99

From
(llama,

(ioth.

/iaii/i<,

A.S.
^

//<?/;/,

home:
Henry,
(

ytli
7".

cent.

Aymo.

^..S'.)
^'7;//.

lIcmminL^s^

j3.
'

Emock.

Ilampson

Ilaimiricli)

r,

Hemingway, T.jy. Hamer, 7'. ij.

I'Yom the Oothic stem
Iiari,

(Ileinrich)

warrior
7".

8th cent. Hario.

)
--,

Hare
Harry
I

Harris
liarley

~^

Herl^ert,

?.

Harridfie

Harrold,
J

7'. i'^.

(Haric,

S/'/Wv;//'.))

Harling
Herron, (Herelin,
I

)-diiit.

larvey, T.2j.
j.

Harwin)
Irvine

Merely, T.
j
'

r T. 2S.

///.
I

Sth cent.)

Irving )

Herring, pat.
I

Herod
(Herrad
^

7'.

^/.

Harvard ^ Hercward ^
lli)\vanl

/,-//'/

(V///J

.'

(^guardian.

Harland Hargreaves
^

)
\
-'

loc.

sn/
-^

Harker. hehiiet

7'.

/j.

From O. H.(i.
Hiibo, Hufo.
I
>

/it/aa,

A.S.

/i/t/c',

Sth

cent.

H<)l)l)s

HoiDkins) '
Hol)ley
')

>

dim.

,.

Hubson
(H(>!)l)esime,

Hope
Opie

Dd.))

y pat.

Hohchurch,
loc.
sitj.

From
Hart

A.S. Jmird. strong, hardy

Hartley, diDi.

9th cent. Hardo.

Hardman,
Haixkacre, T. ij.

Hardy

Harding,

/rt/",

From O.H.G.
Huga, Hughi.
Hughes
^

huiiit.

A.S.

/(I'.i^v,

mind

Sth

cent.

Hitchen,

//v. ^
,-

^'^'iS.

Hodgkin-son
Higgins

Hodgeson Hods(m
(///;/.

"1

Hicks Hickey

Hewson
Hutchinson
(HychoiS(

} pat.
|

Hewitt

V, /jttt

(,;.".

TOO

From
weapon
Hall
:

O.N.

hallr^

stone,

also

in

the, sense of

8th cent. Halo.

Ilallam, T. iralfud,

Wada
i.

ruled the Hcelsings.

Hnlsten-l
Ilcilpin

T. /^.

Ilalshaw
( loc. suf.

Halsall
llallfol.I

Hal! Can-

Hesket and Hesketh are from O.N.

cot
;

/icsf,

horse, and

horse-cote.
is

Horsefall

a corruption of Horsefold, or Horsefield.

Holgate
chief.

is

sometimes derived from Helgot, a Norman

L.

From

A.S. la?id, country

8th cent. T.ando, T.into.

J.anno, Lenzi.

Land
Lant

Lambert

(Landbert, O.G.) \
/////,

^'

-''

From O.H.G.
Lutto, Luith.

A.S. /eod, people

4th cent. I>iudo,

Lyde
Lloyd
Lett
?

?iIcLeod,

y\7/.

Lucre-

7
\

y.

Luca?,

livz.

Goth.

Looker

(Leodegar, Ludger,

Lotlgard, (^ard, protection.

Ledgar, and Luger,

6tfi cent.

Froni O.H.G. /dd,

Letha.

A.Sr//'///, hateful

5th

cni. Ledi.

Lady

Lady man Laidmau

Leader
Leather

'

-'"

101

From O.H.C.
Liuf,
Life

Hub, A.S.

Icof,

dear: 6th cent. Ljuba,

Leupo,

Liebiis.
\

Lul)bock

Lipirod

/;///,

Lever)
>T.
/,-.

Love
,

Lobley
Lovekirij

Liptrott]

dear.

r
*)

l-over

(LipdrudjSthcentLovett, T. lo.
]diin.

Loveriilge, T. 22.
Liverseeife
T Loversidge
,

Livsey
(Leofsy,

r )

-^'i"''

victory.

Saxon
Bishop
of

Wor/

cester)

From O.N.
Lock

locka, to beguile

Loki, a Norse god.

9.

Locker, 7" /J.

Locketl, 7.

Lock wood,

T.
?

^.;.

Lo-an,//;. (Loc.ir, A.S.)

Lockney.

T. i'a

Luckwhittles

I'>om A.S.

/rt'.^,

hah. law

9th cent. Lago, Legi^M.

''

Legg

Laycock, dim.

Layard, T. 16.

Layman

Law
Lee

Lawson, pat.

(also

Lawless)

laes,

Lowman

from Lawrence)

Legless | learned.

Lahee

From O.N.
lore
:

laes,

learned, A.S.

//>/,

science, A.S. laer

8th cent. Lezzio, Lista, Lira, Loria.

Larkin, dim.
Lesser
T

Lacy
Leary
Laurie (also from

Lister

>
)

^- ^S-

Laurence)

From

GeT.^r^/i';/^r^;/,

to prosper:

nth

cent. Lingo.

Lingard, T. i6.

Lyn.

0,

when not

local,

is

from O.H.G. Iwch, U'nx.

I02

M.

From
Mann
Manns,

A.S. viann,

man
->>
,

ytli

cent.

Manno, Meni,
Manfred,
7".

//i.

Manley Mansley Mandle

Manning, pat.
,.

12.

Mensforih,

7".//.

Manock
[

(Manniko, 9th
cent.)

J
uuTgin^

From Goth,
strength
:

luaijan (])Osse), to be able, A.S.

6th cent.

Mago, Macco, Maho, Megi.

^
I

May Megln Mayhew Makin

Mays
Massey

Mayer,

7".

/J.

Maynard
j

(/
J.

V)l.

(Maginliard

. 1

Maisey
(Megizo, loth
cent.)

Mainhard,
7th cent.^

T. 16.
T. 22.

Mayrick,

From O.N.
mill
;

mola, to bruise; A.S. myll^ and mylen, a

A.S. inyl

and
also

molde, dust,

mould

A.S. melew,

meal; compare
to beat severely,

"to maul," "to

molly-criiSh," or

and

" a mill " in the sense of a fight

8th cent.
Mill

Malo

loth cent. Milo, Millo.

Mills

Malone Molyneux
Millikin
\
(

JMullard, T. 16

UMoIlard, Fr.)

Miles

Tbe
Male

place Meols, or

MoUock
Mallacl;

MelLidew Melody
di)}i.

Mele, Dd.

C
j

Malthus
Malutheus,
6lhcent.)

7.7.

Milk

Melia
Millie

MelHngs
(Melinge, Dd.)

Mellow
Malley

Mallison

>paL

Mallinder, cuph.
d.

T.

13.

Moulding

Mellaliew, loc.suj.

Mai en

lO

Mould
Mullins

Ma

let

7:9.
T. 2.

Moles worth, /(?6-.j/!

Millet

The
.

place

Mellov
formerly

(Des Moulin;

Melbnd,
Malim,

was

Milne

T 1.

spelt Milncr.

From O.H.G. Moda, Moza.

Mott

vwt, A.S. niod^ courage: 6th cunt. Mot.

(Mutton,

///.)
I dil/l.
S

Muspratt
(Mutbraht, 9th cent.

Moody
Muzzy Moss

(/:..
T. /.

Motley
(Musick)

Mossam,

From Goth,

inizdo, A.S.

vicd^
:

mead, reward

inter-

mixed with A.S. math^ honour

Matto, and Math.

Sth cent. Mieto, Mizo,

Maddock ^ Madock
Matlley

Maitland

Medland
(Madoland, 7th cent.)
>dim.

Medley Matchin
Midgeley
Medli-cot

Medforth, T. 11.

Mather, T. iS(Misery, T. 20.

(Mizery, Fr).

Midge Hall,

be.

From O.H.G.
as in

7?iafi, illustrious;
is

w^zris a very ancient

ist cent.,

Teutonic stem, and

found in names of the

Marland

Maroboduus
r

9th cent. Maro, Mer.

Marferth, 7\ 11.
of.)

Mer rail

^^'''-

..Merrick J
(

Marrick, Priory

From O.H.G.
Minna.
Minn

mt?ina^

A.S.

myn, love: 9th cent.

Minzey, dim.

Minnett)
Minnitt
\

T. no.

Mening, pat.

I04

N.

From Sansc. nava^ O.H.G. iia7v^ fmcn, new or young: 7th cent. Niwo, Nivo, Nibo.
New
Newall, dim.

A.S.

unce^

Ncwcomb, aon,
(Neucum,
Z></.)

Xewman
New.-^ome,
j.vw, a person.

stranger or guest.

Newlove, T.

ly.

From

A.S.

notJi^

daring: 8th cent. Noto, Nuti.

Nutlall, dini.

Noad
Nutt

Xutter, T. /j.

Mc Naught,

pat.

Nologh

From
Need

(ioth. neiths, A.S.

//////,
/.

strife.

Needhani, T.

Needless, lus, learned.

From Norse
Niko,
Salford

iwk, Ger. nickel, water-sprite:

nth

cent.

Nigellus, a

Norman
O'Niel

knight,

received land in

Hundred

at the

time of the Conquest.

\
{
(

Nick
^^iel

Nealan,//^.

Nixon
^,

Nelson

^/af. -^
)

,.,.,,
'

Niekl,.7:

^
S.

McNeal

Noar

is

north

Fr.

Naury.

AVe have also the com-

plementary names South, West, and East.

R.

From O.H.G.
Radi, Rato.
lleid

ra/,

A.S, /rd, counsel: 6th cent. Rado,

Rattray, T. 22.

Redhead, T.

10.

Reader,

/'.

i^.

Ready

Redman

Reddett, T. 10.

105
!

From Goth,
f

ragin,

(shortening into rain) counsel:

8th cent. Ragan, Regin, Ragno, Raino.

Regan
I

Raines,///.

Reynold,
(Keginold,
cent.)

r..?-/.

Reynard, r. (Raynhard,

/6.
So'i
ceiil.)

,!

Rainey

Rayner, T. /j.

6//i

Rayne

The

fox

was

so called

fron\ his craftiness.

From O.N.
Routh Rooth

hrddhr, glory: 8th cent. Hrodo, Chrodo,

Rodi; Rudda, Ruth.

Rudman
Rutter, 7\ /j.
^

Rudolph,

7". .?6.

?^

(Hrothwulf)

Kuth
Routley,
f//;;/.

(Rudher, O.G.)
(llrodhari,
}

7/// r<7//.)

^ )

Rowen

Rowan, 'J\3S.r

Rothwell, 7\24.

Rolland

(i]rothuald,7_V//,v///'.)i

Roland

) \ (Rodwin) is belter This (_

'

Rodger,

7".

/j.

I
3
)
S

Rowland
(Rodland,

than the derivation

(llrodgar, ////av/A

St//

aviL)

)
I

Irom

the

Rodrick, T. 22.
(llr.xlric,
<?///

Robert, T. j.
(ITrodebert,

mountain-ash.

c-mt.)

yf/i rcj!t.)S

From O.H.G.
Rigg

r/c/ii,

A.S.

rhr,

powerfuF. 8th cent.

Rico, Richo, Riho.

Richard, T, 16.

Ridgeway, T. 2j. Rigby, loc

(Ricwi, O.G.)

suf.

Richey

Richmond,
^

7'.

ig.

Wrigley) ^
Riggall
)

,. (I I in.

From an

old stem rob,

O.H.G. ranpan and

plunder
:

raban.,

O.N. hrapa, A.S. reafan,

Rofe

to

8th cent. Ruabo.

RuIjo, Tith cent. Raffo, 9th cent. Hripo, Hriffo.

Robley
Ripley
' ,

\
;

Roper")_
-

Rough ^
Cribb

-^

V dim.
(

Raner) '^

""'"
'

Revill

Raby

(Raphel, /^r.))

io6

From an
Rouse

old stem

ros, red.

107
oni A.S.
:

I'

seviai'.,

to meditate,

and

scrfia.d peact

maker
Syme

9th cent. Simo, Syme.

Simco

,.

Simms, ///.

Simkins)
in

Simpson) Mr.xim ) ^
is

Shim well,

7'.

<?f.

Simpson, a place

Bucks,

a corruption of Sevinesione.

From O.H.G.

zila, zeal:

8th cent. Zilo, Zello.

Silitoe )
Shilletoi'
y,
^'

Seeley

From O.H.G.
sense of firmnes.s
Stone
Standring,
:

sfairi,

A.S.

sfiui,

stone,

also in

the

loth cent. Steina.

combat. Sianwonh
Standvvorth
Stansfield
-|

ri>?^,

Siandeven, T. 28.
Stanwcll, T. 26.
(Stanwulf, A.S.)

)-

loc.suf.

Standish,
cf.

^//V,

adyke.
J

Dish Stont-;

From O.N.
Stori.

star,

A.S.

star,

great:

9th

cent. Stur,

Store

Stors, //j.

Storer,

7*. /j-.

Storey

From O.H.G.

scarf, A.S. sccarp, sharp, acute.

Sharpe

Sharpies

Sharpellsj

From O.H.G.
Stahal, Stal.
Steel
Stell

sta/ial,

A.S.

styl,

steel

Sth

cent.

Stallard,

T. 16.

Staley

TOS

From O.H.G.

scora^ a s])ade,
:

or cutting instrinncnt,

A.S. sccarian^ to cut

Shore
Scarr

13th cent. Scoro.

Sharrocks)

Sheiratt, T. q.

Shorrock

Sherman
Sherwin, T. 2S.
hill.

Sherry

The

place Shore, which seems scooped out of a

From
Strut.

A.S. strndan, to destroy

8th

cent.

Strode,

Struthers,

7'.

/j.

U. W. Qu.

From O.N.
Wico.

vig,

A.S.

7c>ig,

war

9th

cent.

Wigo,

Wike

Wyatt, T.

S.

\
>

\'ickcrs, T. ij. \

(Wihad, 8th cent.)

(Vikar,

O.N.)

From O.H.G.
defence
:

warjaji^

to

defend, and A.S.

i^<a>)\

7th cent. Warin, \Verno, 8th cent. Waro.

\
3

Ware Warren //;. Worrell Wurr Warnock

Waring,

/:/.

Warner,

7'.

/j.

Wa^ringawic,

now
:

W;"irwick.

From O.H.G.
Warto, AVardo.

luart, A.S. u<eard^

guardian

6th cent.

Wanl
Vardy

Wardell, dim.

Ward man
Warder,
7'.

/j.

From O.H.G.
cent.

wala/i.,

A.S.

'tueal/i,

d.

foreigner:

7th

Walach, Walco, AValo, Gualo.

Wales
Wallis
)
,v

Wall

Walker, 7;

75-.^

Walch
(Juayle

mm.

,.

(Walchere, Walchere.
^

>

'

Walihews Walthew

^,

Wallace
///.

>

Saxon

bishoj;
/,-,

WJIen,

Walling, pat.

Waller, T.

109

From O.N.
Willo,
Willa,

vili,

A.S. ivilla (voluntas), will

Guila.

5th cent.

Wilia,
in

At the creation of the

world,
Wills
Quill

Odin acted
Willis
-,

conjunction with Vili and Ve.

Wils.-n,
;^<7/.

William, r.

/.

Willon
I

Wilhcn, r. j.^
).dim.
I

Willans
^Vilcock

(Uilherct,
cent.)

I2th|)

(Wilhelm, 6th>from Woden)

Willetts, T./o.

Wilkin-son

Wilman
^uafan, A.S.

From O.H.G.
6th cent.
Helsings,

wadan,

to

go

(swiftly)

Wado, Vato.
a

A\'ada,
tribe,

wlio ruled

over the
father

Scandinavian

was the

of

Weland, the northern Vulcan.

Wat:

Wandell
^^alkIn
.

^^.^^^

Uade
^^'i^^lf'y

J
S

Watsuu ^ Wadding-ton)^

Wadsworth, loc. suf. Watmore, 7: /(!?.

Whatmough

From

O.N.

vippa,

to

move

rapidly:

Hippo,

mythical Frank ish king.

Whipp.

From
cent.

A.S. linne, friend

Sth cent. ^Vino, Wini.

nth
*-

Quino, Wine,, 3rd bishop of London,

(^uinlan
]

Wynn
Quin
Q<^t-n

^^.^^^
'

Quincey

Winning) Winsun >

^^'im^l]e,
'

7. 4.

Wincuji, T. 6.

Wynstanley
(roth. indiis, A.S. luiidu,
:

From

wood, and

in

the sense

of usefulness

6th cent. WidOj^yth cent. \Vudda.

\\'oodicy
^

Wood
^^'ido\v

W'ocdhead,

7'.

ro.

Woodcock
Woodnll

r divi.

no
From O.N,
8th cent. Wolf.
ulf,

A.S. wulf, the wolf: 5th cent. Vulf,

The wolf was

sacved to Odin, as the

is

l)e.ir tv)

Thor.

In English com])oimd names the/

Woolley
Woolhead,
T. jo.
)

often
.

lost.

I^andolph

Wolfen-den. (Wolfhcid, 8th cent.)

[Kali''!
I

'
,
'

,. ,,
'

(Kaciuir)

Wolstenholme, T.2j. \ Randle

(Wulfstan, A.S.)
)^

P>om

A.S-

7C'/7it,

a man,

and

70//,

knowledge

6th

cent. "Witto.

Wihta was

a son of
./Vw.

Woden.
7'.

White Whittles, Whitlam,

Wliitehead,

/o.

Wliiiehursf)
^'''

T.

I.

Whitaker, 7.

13.

\\-]iiihani

>"

'"-f

CONCLUSTOX.
In closing, at
last,

the long

list

of Rochdale names,
;

we

see revealed the habits of our ancestors

their love
;

of war, of friendship, of honour, of the gods

far,

and how
have

in

any of these respects, we,

away,
it

at this time,

fallen

is

possible

for

us

to

perceive,

and

])erhaps to deplore.

War may be
might seem of
ascertained
:

the delight of the spoiler

wortlT
;

friendship

little

the value of

honour can be

and the gods,

they are

forgotten.

INDEX.
A.
lAGK
Abl)oll
75I

A<,i-:

9^
9

Alder Forest
Alder Holt
Aldis

36
36
^5

Abram
Accrington
Achinbv\lt

22 33
7,

Aldrick

85 85
40, 85

Acker
Acking

21

Aldridge
Ald'win
Alice

S5

Ackroyd
Acornley
acre

52

86
86 85
,

3^
21

Alison
Allcard

Adkin
Admergill
A.lshead

^5 5^ ^5 74
55

Allday

85 37

Allenden Slack
Allerscholes

36 9
61'

Agnew
Aighton
Ainscough

Altham
Alt Hill

9^ 9^
^5
'^5

Alton

85
15

Ainsworth
Airey

Ambleside

amese
Ancoats
Anglezark
Arlmckle
Archias Archibald

87

Aitken
Albert
Alcocl^s

9
53

74

^6

86
75

Aldenshaw
Alderlia.ik

40
3^

86

11.

INDEX.

Arkvvi-ighl

79
32

Ashniure

Arlecs

Ashlon

37
1

Arminius
Armistead

S7
S7
^'J

Ash worth
Askwith
Astin

1,

37

^5

Armytage
Arnetl

5
85 85

Aspinall

55 37
S.S sr.

Arnold
Arnott

Aspull

Asquith

Arundel

S6
37
37 37

Athcrton

Ashbrucke Hay

Atkinson
Aulezargh

K5
53
35

Ashby
Ashclough

Aushaw
Avery

Ashenhottom
Ashenhurst

23 37 37

Ayscough

85

Ashes

iJaal Mills

65
iS,

Baitings

53

Bacchus

80
iS

Baker

75
80, 87

Backhouse

Balaam
Balderstone
Ball

Back

of

Behind

iS iS
...

58

Backo'th'

Low
Moss

87
1

Back

o'th'

iS

Balladen
Ballagan
Ballbarrow
/

5) ^'4

Bacope Booth

49
18

64
87
80, 87

Bacup
Badger Edge Badger Slacks
Bagaley

43

Balum

43
4i 43 43
20,

Bamber
Bamford
Bancroft

49
2S

Bagden
iSagshaw
Bagslate
Bailey

89
76,

Bannister

80
89
76

43

Banns
Barber

76, 87

INDEX,
i'AC.E

HI.
I'AGK

Barciofi
iJardoli^h

lo
j

Baxter
Bayliss
j

75

89
47,

87 73

Bai-dsley

^9
j

Baynes
i

Kaidy
l:5ai"ror J

S9
SS

Beachnian
Beale

89
87

J>arham

10 76

Beal

Hey

65
73

Barker
IJarlinij

Beard
lieardsliaw

88
88
21

47

Bavluw
liavnacre

Bear Mill
Bearshill

49 49
'...

Barnard

90
jj

Beater Clough

53

Barn

J^iUs

Beatson
j

87

Barnett

90
90

r.eckell
|
,

89 S9
9 87

Barnish
r.arn>

Beech
Beighton

90
75

'>^>"n
Barr...

Beil,
I
|

65 65
87

88
88 88 88
..72.

Belfield
Bell

Barraclough
Barrett

Bellerby

90
7

]>arron
T.arr}'

Bellew
Bellhouse
Bem>ha\\'

88
J;

76
35
..

Bartlett

Barton
Bashall Brook
Basilius

10

Bench Carr
Ben Cop
Benedict
]5ene Hill

22
61

64
75

89
61

Bass
Bassill

88
88
87 Sy

Bennett

89
61, 65

15ateman

Bens Toot
J-'ent

Bate?
Batley
Batt

Head

10
iS

87
87
:..

Bent Knowl
r.entley
I'.ent

22
22 89

Batty

87
7

Meadow

Baum,

the

Ben von

IV.

INDEX.
'.\t;i.

Besley

88 88 89

Blakeley

17
?

Besssey
Best

Bland
Bleak Holt
Blinkhorn
Blythe Royd

7^

36

Beswick
Beihell
]3eton

89
72, S7

74
52

S7
72
25,

Boal

90
76
43
14

Bevan
Beverley

Boardman
Boarflat

90 90 90 90
35

Bibb
Bibl)ington

Boarsgreave

Boarshawfold

43
43
13
,

Bibby
]-5ickersha\v

Boarshead
Bodelford

Bickerstaft"

89 87

Boden
Bodley
bold

90

Biddulph
Biffin
l^ii^g

90
13 13 8

90
89 89 89

Bolton Bolton-le-Moors

Bititiar

l^ing

Bonar

74
32
74

]>irchen Holts
]>ii"chen

36
37

Bong
Bonnar
Bonner
Bonnett

Lee

Bircle

37
72
;..

89

JJirmingham
Birtwistle

89

28
nc

Boodle

90
89
49, 87. 90

Bishop
Bittern Pits

Boon
Booth

46
30 30 30
63
ci

Black Earth

Booth Hollins
Bootle

40
13

Black Hill
Blackley
lilackpool

Borsden
Boswell

43
8

Blackrode

Bowen
Bowes
Bowland

72 76
54
!;4

Blackshaw
Blackstone Edge
1

35

30
30

lake

Bow Lee

w
INDEX,
PAliK
iJcnvskill
V.

rAi;K

56

lirimrod

.^

60
61, 08
61, 7
^

Jiowstede
J'.owst one Hill
Iji )\v

54

Brindle

54 54
76

Brining
Brinscall

Wo(x1

54, 61

IJracer

Briscow

56

llracowell

SS

Broad
Jiroadhenl

89
22
56 61
51

Jlracken
I'.rackons Gill

SS
56 89
8,

Broad Carr

]iradock

Ikoad Dole
Broadford
Broatlhalgh

lirnHshaw

Bragg
llramall
I!rainl)le

35 88

55

55, 88

Broadhead
Broading
Broadorih
Isroad wood

89
22
11

88 88

Dramley
r.rard

Wooil

Co
74

35

luail
]5ray

lirockholes

43
52

70

Brocklebank
ihocklehurst

Jlrean

Hey

60
^j

52

3]iearley

Broderick
Brodie

89

Ijreniridge
jiiere-ridir.gs
I'.rett

88
41

89
43 40
23

Brogden
Bromley

88
76

Brewer
Brewster
])riant

Brook Bottom

76
88

Broom

Hill

40
52

Brolherod
Brotherlon

Bricklon

88
45
\.

52

Bride Slones
Jjridgewater
IJrierley
IJrigg!^

Broughton

43
5,

Brown
Brow nedge
Brownt^.eld

73
fio

20, 4
^''^^

jO
3

Jiright

74
21

Brown

PJill

JJrightmet
Krii
icroft

l]rown House

60
...

40

ihown House \Vhran

24

VI.

INDEX.
I'AGE
a<;k

Brown Moor
lirown Stones
lirown Wardle thrown Willy

30
30

bully

90
12

BuUhaighe
l^ullock

60
4
^^

90

Bull Scout Hill

6S
7

Hroxup
I

Bulsnape

-run

60 60
60

Bunkers Hill

32

Jirund Hurst
lirun

Bunkhouse
Bjurchy
Burghill

32
37
I'')

Edge

Ihunshaw
Hrunskill

60
56

Burghole

16

Hryn Farm

60

Burnedge
Burnell

60

Urynsop
Huckearth
Huckhurst
1

60
44 44
5y
17,

90 60
56

Burnt Hill

Burscough
Burt

Suckle

74

Buckley

44

Burton

49
36 33
52
52
44, 52

Buckley Pasture

69

Busk
but and ben
Butterley Hill
Butters

Budd
Bud worth
Huersill

90
4

46
49 90 63
:c

Bottom

Buertou
l^ulcock

Buttcrworth
Butterworth Rake
Butler

27 76

Bule Hill
P)u!haugh
Bull

Buxton

39

90

Byrome
Bywell

49
71

l^uHey

go

c.
Cadeshead
47
63, 6S

Caldcr,

66, 67

Cadshaw
Cahill
'

Calderbrook

69
35
^2

94
91

Caldershaw
Calf Cote

ain

INDEX.
ia(;e

VIU

Calf Hole

i5

Caion
Cat Stones
C'altley

Q,

Caiman
^"''^^'^w

75

m
9,

74,94
75
76^ 77

Calvert

CaitJm

...

91 91
,,i

Campion
Cane
Cant Hill
cantle

Catuakla.

^^

Catumer
Caulfield

26 26
26

12

Chad
Chaddock
Chadwick

Camle Well
<-''^pes

91
9'

g^ 04
0"

91

Capstick
car

champ
Chatham
Chatley

77

63
9J

Carey
Carnforth

92

30
5tJ

Chat Moss
chats

6^
(^

Carr
Carroll

y2
7^3

Chattock
chattocks

91

Carter

6; 5^
6
>

Cartwright
car-water

76,

79
-5

Cheetham
Cheet wood

Caseman
Casey

92

Cheesden

2^
.

92

Cheeseman
Chelbourne

Cash
Cass
Cassell

76,

92
25
22

92 92

Chequer Lent
Cherry Clough
Chesil-ridge

92 92
27
28
..:

Casson

39
23

Casson Cate
Catforth

Chew Brook Chew Clough

chewet

46 46 46
16

Catholes
catkin

jO,

44
5-,
f.^

CTiew Moor

Catleach
Catley Lane

Chew
Chine
chisles

Wells
'.

46
92
23
2
^

63
f,-,

Catlow..
Cat(

91

Chislev Stones

Vlll.

INDRX.
''AGE
I

AC.K

Chiswick

23

Collier

'.

9^

Chow

Kent

46 46
27
24, 35

'

Collingc

71,73,9.)
73 52

Chowley
Church
Slile

Collingwood

CoUinrod
Collins

Cinder Hill

93

Cinder Land
Ciss Hill

35

Coliarl
i

93
10

47 27 54
61

Colthouse

Clap Gate
Claviger Laithf

Coliman
^

93
91

Combe
Coml.e Hill

Clay dole
C:ieeve
<^'legg

63 76
63 o[
()i

Tool

65
52
21

Comber Combes
Comer
Comins
Condcv

Cliviger

elough

62
25

clow

01
91

Clowes
^(jady

25 93
;

Condy
Congleton
Congrt'ave

94
14

Cocker Hills

24

Cockey Moor...
cockhorse

24
Si
I

Connell
C'onrad

92 92
45
76

Cockleach
Codling
Coffey

25

Coo

Hill

93
93

Cooper
Cooic

93

Coggeshall

94
76

Cope
coi^ng-slonc

1^,93
iS

Coke
cokyr

24
59
57,
73,

Copley

93
18
..

Cold Harl'our
Cold Wall Crow... 26,
Cole

Copple

69

'

Cop Koad
Copt Hill
Coptrod

iS 19 ly 19

93

'
i

Coleman
Colenso

76,93
93
93
I

Coptrod Ifead
Co|)\\iih

Coley
Lolley

36 92
|

93

Corles^

INDEX.
PAGE
C'ostello

1\.
a(;k

94
32
61

Croft

Hole

.-

iG

cot

Croft

House

10
31

Cole Dole

Croke

CoUam
Cotton
...

92

Crompton
Cronkeyshaw

31

93
93 93

62

CouUate
Coulter
' i

Cronshaw
Cronton

40
46
31 31

Coinage
Cousiiis

92
73

Crook Crook Hey

Cropper
Cross Gills

'.|

Cow
COWCUI

92
f)2

76
56 76
4^>

Coward

76, 92
,

Crowder

Cowc^mmon
Cowij:\te

4c 43

Crow Hill Crow Lane

Crowther

46
76

Cow

lleys

12,

45

Cowlaghton

20
45 45
57,

Cow

Lee Lane

Crow Thorn Crow Trees

Crumberry Lee

v>
4t'>

Cowlii^haw
^"^^''^^

40
31

63
55

Crumbleholme
Crumpsall
Crye, the

^-''''V^

31

Cowpe Booth
Cowside

49 4?
65
7^

45

Crye Meadow
Cryer
Cubitt

46
76
80, 93

Cow

Toot

Ci'al)tr2e

Cranberry Moss
Craveji

40
94

Cud worth
Cuerdley...
Cuft'

93 20

Cmwshaw
Cray
Cril

liooth

46
46
105
15

93 93

Cullum

Cumberbatch

94
94
59
91

Cribdsn
Cric'den Criiable
Ci(
L

C umberbeach
Cumberland

Moor
Brow
,

15 31

Cumes
Cuunnin'T

ITerri.

10

9'

X.

INDEX
I'ACJK

Cunarcl
Cunclifie

92

Cupid
|

.*

80, 93
^)2

Moss

4s 92 92
45
1

Curfoot

Cunley
Cunliffe

Currey
Curtis

92
74
.^.7

Cunny Leach

'

Cut Gale

D.
DacL-y
l^aily

97
97
I

Debdale

56

Dedquenc

95
f2,
,.

Dain
Dair

95 97 97
1

Dcdwin
Dcegan
Decjjlish

95

97
25
15

Dakin
dale

67
61
71, 95
71, 95
,

dene

iJalgarnock

Denning
Dentun
Derdale
Derrick
;

95
-.

Dnna
Dania
Darnhill

95

44 96
95

56

Darwen,
J)arwin
^>'^te (laul)

66

Devine

96
95

Dew
Dewhursi

96

44
39

76
Hill

Dewsnop
Dicey
l^iggle
55. 55,

Daub

56

96
97

Dawlier
l')a\vkins

76 97

Diggle Brook
Dillon

69
96

Dawson Day
DeacUven Clough,
l^tr^n

97

97
"*

Dihvorth
Dirty Leach

...

96

47, 62, 95

Wham

24
107
72

95

Dish Stones

Dearden
DearnJey
')casy

44
20
97
;

Dix6n
Doals
Doll-brow

or
^6

INDEX
I'AC.E

Dob Dob

Cross

5^

Duerr
Dutlus

'.

96
10

Dobcl
Hill

95
56

Duffy
Duglas,

...

95

Dodd
Doddridge

95
95

64,

65

Duke
Dulshaw
dun
dun, the colour

96
61 '5

Dodman
Doc Hey Wood
Doldrum
donkey

95
13

61

Si
15. ^'^

Si

Dunhill

Dormer
Dorre]l

96 96
95

Dunkenhalgh
dunkin

4
Si
7

Dothwc]!
Douglas,

Dunkirk

64, 65

Dunn
I

73.

'^i

Dove Law

56

)unnell

Si
1'5

Dowd
Dowell

95

Dunnish Booth

96
81,

Dunnock Shaw
Dunscar
Dunster
Dvirrens
"

LS
15 '5
9^^

Dowling
Driver

96
79

Drummer
Dry
Drysdale

Stoops

61

96
96
9^
Si
11

Dutton

15,

95
ic
7''^

Dyas Meadow
Dyer

Ducker
duckling

Dyson

9^

l^uckwonh

E.
Eafield

25

Earnshaw
East

45' S5

Eagle Crag

45
25 25

104
.'

Eagley Bank
Ealees
Earcrofi Fold

Eaton
eaves

25
(^^

25

Eccleslon

Xll.

INDEX.
I'AGE

Eden
Edenfiekl

62 62 62
j^5

empty

87

Enderby

28
23
71
71

Kdenmorc
Edsforih

Ending
England
English

i^
Ellen Brook

25

36
51
36, 52

Enock
Entwistlc

80, 98

11

e n ro

28

Ellen Royd
j*>llerljcck

Erringdcn

45

^7 37

Everard
Everett

86
86

Ellibank
Elliott
Kllis
i'^^'i"

86

Everilshau

43 43
86
43 86

86
39 86

Eversden

Every
Evorishaw

Elnioic
l-^lsilon

86
II

Ewart

Ellon

Ewing

86

iCmmett

Sj
25,

Ewood

Bridge

25 28

Emmott

87

Extwi-stle

Emock
Empsall

99
87
87

Eyebridge

25
25

Eyton

Mmpson

F.
J'acit
l-'aiflety

52 32 22 22
17

Fallon
fallow

71

22

Failing Earth

Fallowtield

22
22

Failsworlh
I'airsnape
I'airy

'

Fallsworth

Fang
Faraday
Farbutb
Far Ing Laith

25
97

97
22
22

/'alinge P'old
i'^alledge

33
S4

I\DF:x.
;E
l''ail;i.iilvj

Ml).
vAi.i:
I'i^i^-'"

J-\inii

32

77,

9^ 98

I'armcr

76
32
73, 97

Fiiton
^"l^'iinS
7,

Farpasiure
l'^'>"

71

Fletcher

77

Kanaiv!
I'^aiTi'Il

97 97 97
73, 97

Flow Moss
fold

20
12

Fanei"

Fold Head
Follyfield

lu

Karrin-ton
J-"an\)u-

22 28
97
..

82, 97

lord

Karside

32
76
52

Ford
F'order
forfield

Kaulkncr
l-"auceit

97 32 77

Fawthurp
I'eam Head
r'earnlc)I'c-alher

43
10
20, 97

Forsler

Fort
forth

97 28
77
-.

Moor

32
31
31

Foster
Fothergill

Fealheistall

98
2,j

Fcaihersionehaugh
Fenniscowles

Foul Clouijh
Foulrake
Foulridge

61

27
37
31

FciUon

98
98 97
97 55
77

Fcnwick
Fern
Fcrnie

Fourstones

Fowler
F"ox Gill

77

45 45

F'ernihoUow
Ferris

Foxholes

Foxstone Edge

45
7^ 7'

Few er
Fidoe
held
Fieldini;

77

France
Fran'.c

98
12

Frankell
F'nTnklin

71

22
63,

77
71
:

Firth
i""i.sher

98
77

Fra/er
Freail

08

Fiswick
Fiti

48
98

Frederic

98
98

Freeliody

XIV.

FNDEX.
I'Af.F.

I'Veestone

31,

98

F\ihon

37 37 ^2
(^7

Frith

63
37

Fulwood
Furbarn
Fvirby
.

Fulledge
Fuller

77 37 37

Fulshaw
Fulthorpe

Furlong

97

G.
Gabbott

94
32

Garside

^3
53,

Gadding Cote
Gafney

Garstang

92
55
5-

94
01

Garswood
(Jart

Gahan
Ciale, the

Side

56
80,

(jarvcy

02 02

Galilee

94 94
94

Garwood
Gaskell

Gall
(jallagher

74

Gaukthorn

46
52

Galloway

94
95 67
67, 79, 95

Gauxholme
Gavin

Gamble
Gambleside
^^^'"el

94
91

Gayner

Gaze

92

Gank, the
Gardner

27
77

Gazey
Geere
Geldard
Geoffrey

92 92 93
70, 94

Gare
Garfat

92 92
92 92
33'

Garforth
Garibaldi

Gil)bon

94
of-

Gibbs
Gibfield

Garland
Garlick
Garrett

94

92

Gil>son
Gifftird

94
94

92
81,

Garrick
(jarrotty

92 02

<^igg

47 47

G'iggleswick

INDhX.
PACK
Ciiliieil
r)4

XV.
I'Ac;
1'.

goose-dul)
Goosnari^di
..,,

-5
(;-

(lilclnisl

At

(jilded Mollins
(;ill--'-s

40
47

Goran
CJoic

q2
Q2

^'illVtid
f'ill

0^
94

Gorman
Gorple

qt
()-,

(iillinan
('''l<'t'

g^ 9^
()4

Gorsey Clough

40
.,

Gorsey Lea

.q n> v.)
(,-.

C'iUow
(

Gothard
GotL

....

-r/
' )

'.iltnorc

04 92
Q.,

'ill
(

Oough
Goulden"

7^
n-*

rO(!l)o!(l

Cloddanl
(loddinc: ^
<'<'dfi-ey
^'^^(ii^;^

n->
(i-^

yj

Gow
Gower
Grailcy
(
J

02

Vj oj
70,

q2
n^
"7
;7

Ciodlcy
('^^dwin
(

93 03
93 02 93

rainger

Grains

70,

Grane Head

57

loing
;oldl)()urne
...

Grane Post
Graning
grave
graveleys
14,

57
c-j

(roldinj;

93
31^

29 2q 95 93

(iold^haw
C'lolynrode

52
91

Grayshan
Grayson
Grayston
Great Dole

Gomersall

Goodacre
Goodall

93 93

93
61

Cioodenough

S2
93

Great Lever

41
13

Goodeve
Goodliead
(jootlhew

Greave
J3reenber

93
9^
63, 6S
9:^

49
27,

Green Gate
Greenhalgh

30
55
12
-3

Cioodshaw
Goodsir
Goose' 'Utts

Greenheys

-^

Greenhow

XVI.

INDEX.

Green Middiiis
(irceii
I'lats

21

Grinihaldstone
Grini-argh

52
:;

22
52

(ircen

Royd

Grimscar (Jrimshaw
Grindle

-2 -^

(ireens

30
19

(jreenslade
(

End

30
^j
/

ircen Withins

38

Grind rod
Ciross

f'^regi^
^-'T^'i^^r

93
93 93
55

Guild

,,' V,i
(ji
(ji
iji

^^rcgson

Gunn
(juniiell

Grenal
^-^r^T

93
57

Gunning
Gunier

(jrey St(;nes

(ji

H.
llabbeshavv

98
85
85
91

Halliwell

16

Hacking

Halpin
Halsall

ico 100
ick)

Hackney

Haddock
Hades
Hadley
Hill.....

Halshaw
Halsiead
Haniall

91
41
i^

100
15
Hill
15.

Hage Fold

Hamblcdon

68
15
<)

Hahnemann
Haigh
Haighfield
12,

98
85
12

Hameldon
hamell

Half Acre

48
22

Half

Fall

Hamer Hamer Bottoms Hampson

Hancock
Handley

99
23

99 98
46, 82

Halfird

100
100
1

Hall
1 1

allam

00

Hanging

Ilridge

^r

Hall Carr
1

100
100

lallf'.'ld

Hanging Chadder Hanging Lees

31

31

INDEX.
I'AGK

^.ii

Haiij^ing Sliaw

31
4,3^

^^''^'t'^T

Stanley

44. 99
,,

S2
98

Harihhead
^ f''i>"\'.ird

Hanlon
Jlanna
Ilans

gg
^'^^^ycy
I^-'^^'^vin

9S 9S
98 98
59

09
y,^

Hanson
^I'^ppy
harljour

Harwood
4.-)

Haslingden
Haslingden Grane

,^

-7

Ilardacre

99 99 99
99
99

Hasney
Hastling
i^'-^^ty

v<5^

^J^rJing

Harclnian

Hardy
Plarc

S5
28, 77, ;9

^^^^^'^

Hatchford
Hatfi-ld

,y
,j
,j

Hare
}

Hill

43
^6
1

larescougli
larestones...
...13, 14, 29,

Haihershaw
Hatlicrsheir

>

^j

Har-reave
Harl;er

99 99
99 ^y yg
-,-,

Haugh
Haulgh

...'

cj

Harland
Harley
Harling

Hawcoat

Hawker

yj

Hawkshaw Fokl
Hawkstones

41-

Harper
Harrid.ge

9c)

Hawksworth

ji

Harridge Pike
Harris
Harroj)

43
r)g
1^-

Hawk Yard
hawtJiorn

412
r^ j2

Hawtliornthwaite

Harrop Edge
Jfarrold

43
9t>

hay bote
^^y'e

Harry
Jlarsendcn

'.Z ,3
12
f,.s

gg
43

H^v Meadow
Haynes

Harsnepp
Hart
Harihill

43
gcj
4.4

Hayshaws
Haysill f'arm
1

3-

37
-^

la/el IJotlor.i

XVlll.

INDEX.
I'AGE
VM,}'.

Hazel Dene
Ilazeltine
llazle

37

Hen Moss
Henncssy
.-

^1

2S
37
91

9S
^...

Edge

Henry
Ilenshaw

99
31

Head
heal

16
16
41, 73

Hensheads

lo
..

ITealey

Henihorn

31

^'eap

Henwick
Hepplestone

46 98
9S
41

Heap

Cloiigh

41

Meape
Heapcy

qS

Hepplewhite
Heptonstall

98
41

Heap Hey
Hcarnshaw
Heath
Heathevton

Hepworth
Herbert

9S 99 99
80
52, So,

45
91

Hereward
Hermitage

86
33

Heatun
i

Herod Heron Knoul

Herrely

99
45

leaven
leber

So 86
16

99 09

Heeley
Heifer

Herring
Herring Knowl

86
16 16

Hell Beck
Helly-plat

Herron
Hesket

'

99
100
85, 100

Helm Shore
Helpei Edge

39
16

Hesketh
Hewitt

90

Hemingway Hcmmings Hempshaw Barn

Hencroft

99 99
9

Hewson
Heybrook

gq
12

46
31

Hey Head Hey Laithe

Heyrod
Heyroyd
'

10

54
r^

Hendene
tienfield

46

52
12
12

Henfold

46
46

Henheads
Ilenland

Hey wood Hey worth

Hib]*)ert

46
46

98

Henley

Hibbott

9S

INDEX.
i'A(;e

MX.
I'AGE

]Iickey

99

Hoggard
1

...

3S
33

Micks
Iligghokl

99
33
23

loghton

Hoglow
Hogshead

s^
33

Iligginbothani
lligglns

99
^^
'Kiiowl

Hogwic

33

Higginshaw

Holcomb
Holden
hole

63
16 16
16,
7,

High l^rown
Jlighen

60
],2

Moor

Higher Calf Cote

32

Holgate

ICO
71

Higher Leaches

24
54
73
16
31

Holland
Hollin
Hollin
1 lolli

High Laith
Hill..
hill

47

Brown Low

...60, 6<S

ngworth
..
.

73
...

HinchclilTe

Ilollins

40
2S
57
52

llindeburn
llindle

40 40 40
31

lloUowfonh

Holm
Holroyd
Holt
Holt

llindley
liinge

35

Hipping

73
41
41

Wood

6S
94
<So

Hipping Plolm
Hippings
llitchen

Holyhead

Homer
honeycomb

99
33

63

Hoar Stones
Hobbs...

Honey Holme
Hooden
Hoofstones

48
}}

99 99 99 99 99 99
99 3^
53

Hobchurch
Hobley

30 33

Hooley

Hobson
Hodgeson
Hodgkinson

Hope Hope Fold

yopkins
'Hf'P'ey

99
55

99
55 55
2-^

Hodson
li"S

Jlojnvood
liorbury
ilordern

^^(Jg-rtb

Hogg

..

90

33

XX.
I'AG K

INDEX.
PACK

Hore Withins
Horner
Horrocks

Hud Lee
Hughes
Hulton

10
Qf,

77 33

55
Hill

Horse Carrs
Horsef^ill
1

56

Hunger
Hunt
Hunter

48
77 77 32

00
33

Horwick
Host}'

86
55

Huntroyd
Hurst

IIo"Sh

36
..

Hough Stone House End Howard

^^

Hursted
Hurst

3-^

55

Wood

6S
33

99
55

Husted
Hutchinson
Iluttock

How Gate How Royd

Hoyle
Hoyle Dene
1

99
lo

54
5,

73
16

Huxley

74
16

Hylewood

Hud Hey

lo

Illing worth

73

Intake
Ipswicli

^3

Ince
Indies of Perth
Inchfiekl

64 64 64
22, 72

4S
33, 71

Ireland

Irlam
Irvine

ing

99

Ingham
Ing Hey

e2
22
22

living

99
:!7

Isherwood

Ing Head

J.

Jack
J^Sg^->"

81'

Jells

94 94
Si

77
...,

Jellicoe

Taneway
fealous

71

Jenkins
Tcwell

9^

8)

INDEX.
PAGl?

X\l,
fA'-.K

Jevvett

S6
S6

Jones
lord an

S2
5S

Jcwison
.K'wiss

S6
Si
JA

Jowctt Jowles
Jt^yce

SG
S6
74 86

Tocky
Jocosa
Jolly
Jolyfie

74'

J"'1ge

74

K.
Kale
Kaj'
....

94
.

Ken worthy

92
92 92
92
35
77

92
02 92

Kenyon
Kerfoot

...

Kays
Ken PC
Kchcoic
.

...

Kerr
Kcrsiiaw...

94
92
57

Kcenau
Koll

.
.

Kidder

.,

Kell)rook

'

Kidman
Killick
Kill man

....
...

77

94
94 94

94
94
77
'/:>
,

Kelly
Kelsall

Kilner
1-^J'^g

Kelsl )orough

94

92

Kelvey

94
77

Kinnear
Kipling
Kirtley

....

92

Kemp
Kempenhalgh
Kempnall
Kem]>stone....,

....
....

94

57 55 77
77

20
77

Kitcheman
Kitchen

....

77

kempy
Kcnnaway Kennedy Kenny
Kenrick

Knave

Hill..
..

47
iS

92 92

I\roll Hill

Knott Hill

.,

4S
18

92 92
71

Knowles
Kuerden

20

Kent

..

XXll.

INDEX.

PACK

fAl.K

Lacy
Ladhouse

loi

Law

Hill
i

6S

54 77

Lawless

Ladncr

Lawson
Layard

101
101

Lady Lady Barn

54,

100

69
54 54
54
1

Laycock

101
ici

Lady Ikidge
Ladyhouse

Layman
Leach
leach

77

Lady Lees

24 2S 62
1

Ladyman
Lahee

00

Leach Gate Field

Leach,

loi

Top

o"

Laidman
Lambert

100

Leader
Leary

00

100
24
71

100
21

Lanimack
Lancashire

Leasow
Leather

100
13

Land
Langho
Lant
Lardner

100
55

Leavengreave

Ledgard

100
loi

100
77

Lee
leece

2r

Lark Hill
Larkin
Latchford Heath
Lately

46
101

Logatt

73
ioi

Legg
Legless

24
54
54

TOO
17

Common

Lenches

Latham
Lathe Butts

Lenny Barn Lenny Shaw

Lesser
Lett

39
3S
loi

54 54 54

Lathome

Lams
laund

100
73

2a
20
iot

Letts

Laund Booth
Laurie

Leven,

63
101

Lever Lever Edge

Levers Water

Lautburn,

27
101

H
41

Law

INDF.X.
PAGE

XX HI.
I'AtilC

Lewis
ley

151

^^oi^i^-y

48; loi
-/

20
Clout,'h

lolis

Leynes
Litlget

3S
21
loi

Lock
Locker
Locket t

,0,
jq,

Life
light
I-iijhi

iQi

36
Azzle Edge

Locking Stouji

Oi
,01

37
^y

Lockney

Light Birks

Light Owlers
liml)

36

Lockwood Logan

10

jor

24 24

Limeiicld

Limy Water
Lincoln
Lindioii

24
71

Lomas Lomax Long Biggin

Longbottoin

24 24
54 23
1^7

3S
38
iot

Lineham
Lingard

Long Grain Long Shut Long AVham Longwor th

Looker
L^^^^

26 24
j i

Linneyshaw
Linsgicave
Linswithins
Li'itinvaite

3S 38
3S
38, 53

100
75
77
101
27, 62
i

Lorrimer

Liptrod
Liptrott

10
1

Love

01

Love Clough
Lovekin
Lover
Loveridge
Loversidge
Lovett

Lister
Little

77, loi

74
58
61 41

loi

Littleborough
Little

101
j

Dole

oi

Little Lefra

10
ij

Liver Hill

41
41
i

Lowes

Liversedge
Li versecge

tower
Lower
Lower

Maw
Twistfield

21

oi

2S
12

Livsey

loi
.

Lower Weir
Frith

Lloyd

100
27

6j
56

Lohdc'i,

Low

Gill

-XXIV.

INDEX,
I'AGIC

Low How Lowman

Lubbock
Lucas
Luckwhittles
5,

68
loi
I

Lund
Lyde
Lydgaie
Lyncli

5S
if,o

21

100
101

iQi

Lyne Edge
Lylhc Skick

3S
iq

Lucre

100

Lumb

24

M.
McGarry
McHitterick
92
106

Malley

102
102

MaUindcr
Mallison
^L'^lune

McKay
McKilterick

92
106

102
1

02

McLcod McNaught McNeal

^Ladd en

100
104 104 103
103

^Lalthus

102
102 102
Si

^LandJe

Manfred
manikin
^Lankin Hole

Maddock
i\]

16

aden

103
21

Manley

102 102
ro2

JMaden Fold

Mann
Manning

Madge Road Madock

Maiden

24
103
21, 103

Manock
Mansforlh

102 102
102

Maiden Cross
Maisey
Maitland

32
102
103
1

Mansley

Manstone

02
29
7

March

HiV.

Makin
Male
Malcn

02

Mardyke
Marferth

lOT
102
103

103

margrave
ma^rk

29 29 29

Malim
^lall ack

102
103

Markham

Mallett

Ma

r k 1e

29

INDEX.
Marland
Marlor

XXV,
r.u.K

20, 103

Mclladew
Mellaliew

102
102
103
1

77

Marsden
marsh
Marshall

29

Melland
Mellings

29
78

02

McUor
Mellow

103 102
80, 102

Marshaw
Mason
Masscy
Malchin

29
78
102

Melody
Meniiit;

103
102

103
103 103
103
21

Meols
Mercer

Mather
Matt
Mattley

78

mere
Mcrrall Merrall

28
103

Maw
May

(Jrane

Head

10

Maxim
Mayer
Maygate Uole

107 102 102

61

Merrick

103

Messenger
Metal Cote
Mettel Hole

82
32 32
10
13

Mayhew
Maynard
Mayrick

102
102

Mickle Head Mickle

Hey

102
102 103
10 12

Micklehurst

36
32
33

Mays Mead Meadow Head Mean Hey Meanwood

Medcalf
Medforth
.

mid
Middle Butts
Middleforth Hill

28
3'

Middle Scars

35
;^2

Middop
midge

32

-4
24
103

103
1

Midgeden

Medland
Mediey
Medlicot

03

Midge Hall
Midge Hole
Midgeley
Miles
....-

103
32, 103

24
103
..102

Me^in
JVleldnim
Meli.

102
61 102

Milk
Milkstone

102

5^

XXVI.

INDEX
I'AOE
lACiK
^^''^^

Mill
Millctt

I02
103

103
103
c-

Millie

ic
102 102
103
103

Millikin
Mills

'

Mossam Mossop Moss Rake

Motley
Mott

-7

103

Milne

103
.103

Minn
Minnett
Miunitt

Mould
^

103 103 103

103

Moulding,'

102
1

Moiildsworth
j

Minzey
Misery
Mitchell

^Tou^li)e^jerla\v

OS
24
102 f03
:;2 :^2

Miickileld
MulLiril
'

Hey

13

Mitten

103

Mullins
MurL^airoyd
-Muigatsliaw

Mizzy

24
II, 103

Molcswoith

Mollock

102
102
81
71

I^Iusick

So, 103

Molyneux

Muspratt

103

monkey
Montmoiice

Mutch
Mutton

74
10^
103

Moody Moor Head

Moor House
Morley
Morris

103
lo 10

Muzzy
Myrescough

57

Mythe Tuot

65
57
\2

20
71

Mythohn

Mythop

N.
N'iI>1j

iS
iS
i

Naylor

7S
1

Nabend

Nc

;
'.

au

04
32

Na

>r

od e
Side

Near Moor Hank

Nab

47
i-

Need
Needhani
Needless

104
47, 104
47. I04

Nr den

nsen

72

INDEX
lAGH

\XVll.

Nelson
Neiherley

104
31

Noad
Noai

104
1

04
74
61
15

New
Ncwall

104 104
T3
1 )

NoMo
NuLklilfe Eaves

NewboUi

Noiclen
Norris

N c wc o

11

104

71
Scall

Newlove

104
104 104

North

54
37, 104

Newman
Newsome
Newstcad
Nick
Nickro.ic

Notoi^h
Nul1ialt;li

37 37 37

n
104
61

Nuthall

Nulluusi

Nulshaw
Null
Nuttall

37 104
37, 55, 104

Niel

104

NicM
Nii^ellus

104
104

Nutter
Nutlley

104
37

Nighi Hill

47
104

Nixon

o.

Oak Ing Clough

Oakenrod

22
51

Old Man

4
39

Old

Sirs

Oatshaw

32
53

Old

Wham

24
36

Oddy
Ofla Hill
Ogt-len

Ollerton Fold

47
38

Opie

99
52

Ormerod
Orwistons

Ogle

74 74
3S
10

5S 52

Ogre

Ormshaw
Ormside
Orniskirk
Orrell

Oken Holt Old Hear Hey

Oldhan-,

54
52

9
-,6

43
lis'.one

Old Holts

Oslu'

86

XXVlll.

INDEX.
PAGK
lAtiB

Osborne

86 86
70,

Otlle

61

Osgood

Oulderllill

36
32
32 31

Osmu nd
Oswald
Oswaldtwistle

86 86 28

Out Lane Head

Out

Wood

Over Houses
Owler Lane

Oswin
Otter Lee

86

36

43

Paddock
paddock

12

Pascoe

8S

81

Paslow

SS SS
9,

Taddy
Padiliam

87 87 87

Passmans

Passmonds
Patchett

88
78

Padon
Pagan
I'-ige

90
78 78

Pate

87

Paton
Pattison

87
87
<)0

Paget

Palden
Paler
I'aley

63
87 87 78 87

Payne
I

Paynter
j

78
12

Peanock
j

Palmer
Palor
Palsgrave

Peat
Peel Hall

87
22

29

Penimins

62
61 6r
61, 82

Pardee
Parker
I'arkin

89 88
S8 88
12
73.

pen-ben
Pendlebury
Pendle Hill
Pendleton

Parkinson

61, 82
61

Park Lane
Parnell

Pen Moss
I'^'in

90
88
12
I
I

7i
73,

Parr

Pennington

89
12
()i

Parrock
Parr>72,

Pennock
Pen-y-ghent
I

88

INDEX
AGE
Perkins
Peters

XXIX.

88
82
^7

Poole
Poolcy
Poot Hall
Porter

'(ij,

90 90
25

Peto
Petrie

S? ^7

78

Petty

Potiphar
Potts

So

Peverley

90
80, 97

90
25
72,

Pharaoh
Physick
Pick

Pout Clough
iVnvclI

80
89

90
7^ 74

Puwnall
Pratt

Pickard
Picketts

89
89 89
89
19

Pretty

88 88

Pickles

Prettyman
Prestwich
Price

Pickering

48
72
35
35,

Pickup

Pidduck
Piethorn
PigSOtt
;

^7

Pricksliaw

46

Prickshaw Brook
Priddy
Pride

69
88 88 88
75

S9
19

Pike

Low

Pilate
Pillinn;

80
22 78

Pridmore
Priest

Pimley
Pinck
Finder
Pinfold

Priuie

88
75
72

89
7S
12
12

Prince
Pritchard

Proctor

7S 72

Pingot

Prodger

Pinkertoa
Piatt

89
22 22 76 63 6^

Pudding

90
72
63,

Pugh
Pule Moss

Platting

69

Pogson
Polcficld
I'ole

-Pulman
I'urdie l^urlove
..'.

90
88
88
71 71

Lane

Pollarct

90
78,

Pynian
Pywell

PoUit!

90

xxx.

INDEX.

Q.
PACK
PACK

Quayle

loS

Quin
Quincey
Quinlan

109
109 109

Queen
Quick Mere
Quill

109
37 109

R.
Raby
Raccdham
Radcliffe
9,

105

Ravenstone
R.awclilTe

58
52
;i

66
S
16

Rawriddint:

Raghole
Raike^
Raines

Raw Royd
Rawsthornc
Rawtonstall

-3

27
71, 105

io5

48
\o^

Rainey

105
55

Rayne
Rayner

Rainshough
Rakebvidge
Rakefoot

105

27

Read
Reader

74
104 104

27
57,

Ralph

no
54

Ready
Reaps
Reaps Cross
Reddett
Redily Shore

Rampside

47
47
1

Ramsbottom

41
41 41

Ramsden
Ramsgreave
Raudle

04
30

Randolph
Raper
Rasbottom
Ratten Clough
Rattray
Knvtien
,.,,, ..
.,

no no
105

Redhead

73,

104

Red Lunib Redman

Redmires

24
1

04

23

30, 57

44
104

Red Shaw

30
26

RedSpaMo'ir
KcI
Hill

Kavens Clough
Ravenspike Hill

46 46
46

47
24
7.S

Reed Mysies
Reeves

INDEX.
lAGE

X.\X1.
1'a<;h

Regnn
Reitl

105

Rochdale
Roche,
Roclier,

7,

66, 67

104

Rcnshaw
Revidge
Revill

46

R R

66 66
07

46
105 105

rock

Rodd lesw orth

Rodger
Roderick

30
105

Reynard
Reynold

105

105

Rhodes
Ribble,

^o

Roe Lee
Rofe

44
105
105

R
R

65

Ribourne,

65
105
105

Roland

Richard

Rohand
Rooley
R'^i'th
17.

105

Richey

44
105

Richmond
Kiililell

105

52
52, 55

Roi'cr

7S, 105

kideliauLch

Rosboltom
Roscoe
Ross
Rossell

106
1

Kidgcway
Ridihalgh
Ridley
Risi>y
I'^igg

105 55

06

106

47
105 105
1

106
j.7

Rossendale
Rostron

106
1

Riggall

05
41
21

Ro

h wel

oS

Rigley

Rough
lioiind Ing

10^

Rigmaiden
Riley

22
jr

41

Round Thorn
Rouse
Rouili

Rimmer
I^ingley

7S
31 31
47,
19,

106
loq

Ringlows
Ripley

Routley

105
105

105

iV^wau
Ruwcrofi

Rivington Pike

46
106
105

44
;

Roasihwaite

Rowen
Rowland
]\(\v,

05

Robert
RobinsVi

105
n:;

46
105

R
q2,

Robley

Ri'yds

82

XXXll.
I'ACE

INDEX.
rA(;K

Roylnnce

41

Russell
I<"th
^^"^t^"'-

loC,

Roylc

41
41 41 41

,05
78, 105

Koylcy

Koyshaw
Royton
Riidman
Ruclolpli
Riiiiibuts

%--^n

41

Kyc,

R
Croft

65
4,
41
41

105
105

Rye

Rye Head
Rylance
Rylaiuls

33
11
1

Riimwortli
Tvush worth

^,

S.
Saddlewortli

cum Quick

37

Sanghton

38

Sagar
Sa<;er

78
78, 106

Saundcr Clough

35
35

Saunder Ileiglu
Sawley

Saighton
Saint Mary's Gale
Sala

38
27
73

38
78
71

Sawyer
Saxon
Sayer
Scales
scar

Sale
Sales
Sale;bury

3S
38 38

78
54

56
108

Salford
Salter
75,

38
78
75

Scarr
Schofield
wScholefield
.

54

Saltman
Saltonstall

54
54

38
38

Scholey Head

10, 53,

Saltridge

Schunke
Scole Car

74

Salwick
Sanilesl)ury

38 -

Edge

54

47
61
^0^'
1

Scoks
Scoti
scuttt

54
7'
f<7

Sand

'I'^Jg

...

.VHttkMK>n}
.-atchel I

06

Scowcroft

56

INDEX.
seamstress

XXXlll.

75

Sherry

,oS

Scare

106
106

Sherwin
Shillelo

loS
107

Searey
Seator

106
1

Shimwell
Shipwelbothani

107
23

Seckerson
Seildon

06

106
1

Shore
Shorrock

loS
i

"Sedgewick

06

oS
79

Seed
Seedall
Seelc)
Sellers
73,

106
106
107

Showier

Showley
Shuffleboitom

46
23

78
31

Shuttleworth

26
106

Seneca Lane
Sergeant

Sibson
Sibihorp
Siddal!

78
75, 106

loG
106

Seymour
ShadlM^Id

91

Sidebeet

Shadewalk
Shanks
sharn-beetle
Shariieyford
Sliarpe
24,

35 75

Sidebottom

23 57

Sidholm
Sieveking

24
28
107
107

io6 106
2s 107

Sigmund
Sikesbeck
Silitoe

Sharpies

Sharpnesspoint

68
loS
35

Silver

Head
Sr,

48
107
Si 81
'

Sharrocks
-"^h^w
Slia,\vcross

Simco

Simcox
Simkin
Simkins

54 28

Shawforth

107

Shaw Wood
Sheare-butts

68
^^ 78 78
29, 78
1

Simmons Simms
Simondstone

106 107

Shearer

47
1

Shepherd
SherilV.

Simpson
Skarfield

07
S
19

S herman
Sherratt

08

Slack (/th' Moor

slade

loS

19

XX XIV.

INDi: X.
I'AGE
rA(;K
|

Slailen

20
53

Spa Wood
Sparke
'.

26
75

Slaithwaitc
Slater

'

7^

Sparrow

75 75
jO

Slattocks

20
I

Sparrowhawk
,

Slaughter
Slences
Slinj^er

7S
17

Sparrow

Hill

Sparlh Rottonis

23 26

7^
61, GS

Spaw Lane Spaw Sunday

Speddy
Speak Edge
SjK-ke Ben'
S])encer

Slipper Hill

27 74
1^3

Sloe Thorn l>arn

39
35

Smallshaw
Smehurst
Smethurst

36

23
7^

36
79
72
19 17
i '

Smith
Smithson
snaed

Spen I^each

26 26 26

Spenn
Sjicw Spout
sjjinney

Snape Hill
sneap
Sniddle

26
57
33
^(^

iS

Spodclen

19
19
19,

Spotbins Sprowell
Stacksteads
Staghills

snod

Snoddle Hill

6S
iq
19 71
17
|

11

Snoddorth
Snodgrass

44
20. 107

Staley
|

Snowdon
Snubsnai)e

Stallard

107 107 107

Standeven
Standish

Snydale Gate

ig
j

Soar

74

Standring

107
. . .
.^

Sodor and
Souter

Man

;o
I

Stand worth
I

1012

79
104^

Sianedge
Stansfield

South

107 107

South Grains

57 79 25
!

Sianwell

Sowter
Soyland Moor

Stan worth
Stark

107

74 74

Spa Well

26.69

Starky

INDEX.
rAi;u

wxv.
IA<",K

Siarr-^ardon
Suirring

50

Slolt

45

56
61
21
1

Stranj^c

Common

48 4S
4S

Slaups M(.)or
Siaveley

Sirangeways
Slrcencs
Stivnesihall

Stead Ilcy
Stcancr l>otlimi
Steel
Stcll
15,

48
48
78
108

23
107

Slrines
Siriiii^er

107

Slnilhtrs

Sicword
Stewart
Stid

7^
78
II
II

Siuttard
Style

79
27
15

Sudden
Sudley
l)r<x>k

Stidfuld

Stipcrden
Sliper Stone>...
Stiiruj)

15

15
13

Suinmerseal
Surplice
Sutherlantl

48

80
50
52
16

55 107
31

Slune
Stonehen^fc

Swaindrod

Swallow
Swifi

Ibilc

Stony Royd
Sloodloy
stoops

52
II

74
^5

Swineroolings

61

Swineshaw
Swire

45 78
too 25
107

Stupes
Store
Stover

61

107 107

Sycamme
S)l.e

Storey

107

Syme

T.
Ta1)by
Tal)erncr

97

IJidloo

95
97
75
]\

79
...

'^ags

Table

of Tcrminalion.^

83
56
97

Talbot

Tab Road
Tacon

Tame,

66
65

Tandlc Hill

W.Wl.

INDIilX.

''''^""^''

95
71

Tl)recLoLs
Thrcirall
*.

j,

'''I'l^^'y

07
;s
";,s

'^'^IT^'''
'^^-'^P^l^-r

75

Tluiixku
ThursU.nc

75
I

^'''^''"acrc

56
j

ThwaiLcs
TihI.s
'

^'''^'ranl
T'^l^"

.,6

95
.,5

Tickle
Tillcii

,',7

''^^ham
T'Utcr.all
T^^yl^'
'^"^^^

ot.
.-,

95
I

Tilli.M.n

79
I

TilK.t.Mm
tiMi|4
; i

\,C

^3

,0

"^^^
'^''^^
I'^'lf^J'^l

97
'^'-^^

Tiniwi.ile
.Til.pu-

2S
79,
c,5 ,,7

9^
I

Tifi.c-l

T^'""^nl
'I'^ii")^""
'^^'"icr

95
''5

Tii.pin^;

9-

Tipple
j

97

90
j

Tii)plL->
I

Green

97
,4 14 y^
9',
45-

1^^1'y
'I'^'^lock
Tc^l'J^'^

9^
95

Tuad Can
Toad Lane

95
79

Toad Leach
TMeook
y,,(l

Thane
Thaich Lalch
Thicvely Seoul
Thibileihwaiic

2S
[

19

T^dd
Todellill

,5

5^

63 93
14

Thorbum
ThorCl.Hi^di
'rii<^inhcr

90
3,s

Tudman
T(nhi.nrden

49
j

Tninhn
t

Si

Thorncy Lee
Thorohnin
Thornley

17
o_

TonacIilTe

10
17

T<.nyc

Mnor

20
|

Toni(
j

End

17

Thorn^c^v
Thuniiun

36
;
I

Tor-dle Hill
Tooi,'.;od
...

63

90
='

Thorpe

30

Tooier

11:11

IN 1)1 .X.
I'Ai;)'.

xxxvu.
PAt;i

Tool Hill

65
0,

Trows
Truli.iuilhy

25

Topham Ton of llealhor Top of Kyc

Topper
Topping
Tor
Mill

93
\o

50

Truelove

06 96
95

41
79,

Try
Tubl)

'P
05

Tuck
Tucker
Tuer
79,

96
90 96
95

Go,
27.

6M

T'<r Stile

60
74
</>

Ti^rks

TiUfy

Toircncc
Totllewortli Iac

Tuke
'I'lirley

90
96
10
II
'5

65
()(<

Tower
Townbcni
T-' Willi cad

Tun-hill

22
1(1

TuilsUMd

Tupp
riirnau;^'h
TuriK-liill

Ti>wnliousc

Ill

5O

Townlcy
1\>\teth

2Ci

50

II

'I'urncr

79 56
35
5^j

Trapp
Travers

96 79
79

Tundey
'J'uinshaw

Travcs
Travis

Turn Slack
Turton Tower
Turing
'I'^vig-

79 25

''9

Trawden
Trickett

05
97

Qo
9^>
..

Tngg
'I'rippier

Twi^-e Barn
rwi':>

2S

96

Green

2S
2S
31

Tripyear
TroLjlulen Chase

96
23
25

iwistle
'I'wo

Studs

Troiu;h
Tro-.igli

Edge
Sikc

iwt inn
Tydesley

05

25 25

20
o'j

Tronglilon

Tvson

XXXVIU.

INhKX.

u.
HACF

"giy
Underbill

74
iS

Urnision
I'llcnch Cin''i

52

J2
",2

Unswoilh

qS

Utilcv

V.
X'^ardy

loS

VickiTs
Xilcs

oS
7c>

\'aiker
y^^r]ey

97
97

Virgin
\V>ss
\'o\vl(.>

So

Vcnu'^
V-'iishuiic

So
;;

71,

w.
Waddell
109
109

Wall
Wallace
\Vallen

loS
1

Waddinqton

08

Waddy Wade
Wadsworili

109
I

loS
79, loS

CO

Waller
Wnlliiiij

109
12

loS 108
27

Wagfuld
Wainwright
Wailhlands
Wakefield
Walcli

Wallis

79

Wall Style
Walstlen

n
12
iQi)

26 26 108
loS

Walshaw
Walthew
Walthews
Walworili

Waldegrave

29
71,

Wales

loS

4S
24, 5S
1

Walkden
Walker

79
79, loS

Wanistone
Warlnirton

INDEX.
Warcocklc Delpli
\^;l^(l

xxxix.
iwr.v.

12

Whatmoiij^li

100

loS

Whegler
Wheel' )n
Whelcrofi

79

W.inU-ll

108
loS
1,
II

26
26
33

^Va^lcr
War.llc
\V.irilIcy

Whewclls
Whinisey Hill

p
40 40
109
.21,

Wanlnmn
\Varc

loS
loS
jo
...

Whinherry Xa/e

Whinny
^Vliipp

Clout;h

Wnrcing
Warini;
W.arlaiiil

loS
ij

Wliiiaker
^Vhiie

Warley Modi

u
12
'^s

Whiiehea.l
^\'hileluus^

73,

Warlow

Warm

no no no no
30
^jj

Within^

While Lee>
Whiteley
\N hile

^VariKT
\VariK)cU

108

loS
loij

Lowes

i4V;

^Varren ^Valkin

Wln'te Kidin^*^

108

WhitrieKI

30
j

Waimore
^Vatson
\\'.Ut

109
109

Whithani
\\ hitlain

iq

jq

109

Whittle Hill
Whittles

30,

68

^\'^g1i

79
75, 75,

no
4S
^^

\'^'ebber

79

Whitw..rth

^^'ebster

79

Wliolaw
Whorlestones

Weets
weir

48
12

47
-^3

Whor-low
Whorlton
\\

Welshpool

6^
10 10
81

47

Wenshead
wennel

horwelMlown

47
33
37
.> /

^^'hostones

West
Wc".

Wickeiv Hall

Rake

27

icken Lm-,v

^-

Wha'iey
Whr...i

47
2.^

W ickeiiherry
\Vit!.!ii|)

37
^5

\1.
VAC,!.

IN'DKX.
HAGH

Widow
Wigan
\Vi<;bn'l
3S,

lOM

Wiihengrtavf
with
i I

14,

3S 63
55

64
3S
37

...

36,

Withncll

Wigshaw Wikc
Wilberls
Williulls
9,

Wolfcndcn
WolfstonLs
Wiilstcnlu'Imo

43,

10

loS

43

109
23

no
24
109
109 IC9

Wilcock

Si, 109

Womack Wood
Woodali

Wild

74
.14

Wild Cn[ L'v

WirKiiT^on

Woodcock

..I0<)

Wood head
Woodley
WoodiutY
Wit.)d\v.ird

109
109

Wilkin

Si
Si, 109

Willans

79
79

WillcU
Willolts

Si

509
109
81, 109

Witohki:

43
1

Willbni
Willis;

Woolhead
Woolley

10

110

Willon

109

Woolton
Worleslonc
Woiivll

43
47
loS

Willowingc Coatcs
\Vil!s

22
t09

Wilman
Wilson
Wilstrop

109

Worsh-y

20
1

109

Worth

50
roo
3

Wrenwood
Wright
Wrigley

46
70
105
i

Wimble
Winchester

Wincup

109
..

Wuerdic

Windy

IIarl)cuf

5S 109

Wmr
Wyail
Wyo.llcM-

loS
i'i>

Winning

Win>on
WinlerbiUi Lcc

loo*
3,
-'
1

30
109
io,t

Wynn
Wvii^'.anley

Wirlaw
wit hen -kip] >! e
. .

3S

iNi)rx.

xli.

Y.
yai'i
\

11

Vcinlk-y

20
;o

arwDod
'

02
-ji)

Vdl..w

IHII

Vulcs
^'ea Ihi'li^c

Vc.
\'cw Tn.c

SO
',9

25

<A ^.

e"2.so