MASSEY UNIVERSITY Institute of Fundamental Sciences Physics

124.111 PHYSICS FOR LIFE SCIENCES Semester Test Semester 1, 2012

Time Allowed: 1.5 hours + 5 min reading time. TOTAL MARKS: 50 Answer ALL questions. Closed books, closed notes. Calculators are permitted. Reference materials are forbidden.

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1. Eddie is late for a date with his girlfriend Charlotte. Speeding along Fitzherbert Avenue he is determined not to get (another) ticket from the speed camera. When he is only 20 m away from the camera he is travelling at 120 km hr-1.

(i)

Assuming the camera clicks whenever a vehicle passes with a speed greater than 60 km hr-1 how much does Eddie have to decelerate to not get caught? Express your answer in multiples of earths acceleration g. (2)

As soon as he passes the camera he floors his bike again, generating a constant acceleration of 2 m s-2 until he reaches 180 km hr-1. (ii) How far does he travel after passing the camera before reaching this speed and how long does it take him? (2)

After reaching this speed he then continues along the road for 15 seconds at a constant velocity until he passes the final traffic lights. (iii) How far does he travel in this time? (1)

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He is dismayed (to say the least) to see that at the end of the road (at the final traffic lights) a new speed camera has been installed that, in conjunction with the first camera, calculates his average velocity. (iv) What value is found for his average speed? (1)

(v)

Sketch graphs of Eddies displacement, velocity and acceleration versus time during his described trip along Fitzherbert Avenue. (4)

Useful Information: g = 9.8 m s-2

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2. Peter has built the car track as shown in the sketch below. He releases the car with a mass of 100 g at point A from a height of 75.0 cm. The radius of the loop is 20.0 cm. Assume, that friction is negligible.

(i) Draw a free-body diagram of the car at point B.

(2)

(ii) Show that the speed of the car at point C is 3.28 ms-1.

(2)

(iii) Has the car the same speed everywhere in the loop, ie. do we have a uniform circular motion. Explain your answer!

(1)

(iv) What is the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration in point C?

(1)

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Peter now removes part of the track, three quarters of the loop, so that the track ends in point C. (v) What is the direction of the car at point C when leaving the track? (1)

(vi) What is the maximum height the car can reach and how long does it take to reach that point? (Hint: You have calculated its initial speed already!) (3)

Useful Information: g = 9.8 m s-2 Ekin = ! m v2 Epot = mgh; ac = v 2/r

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3. A fire fighter (m = 80.5kg) is standing on an 8.00 m long ladder of weight WL = 360 N, which leans against a smooth wall (ie. the wall can only exert a normal force perpendicular to the wall, no frictional force parallel to it). The angle between the ladder and the ground is 50!. The fire fighter is 6.30 m from the bottom of the ladder. Assume that the mass of the ladder is uniformly distributed.

(i) How high above the ground is the fire fighter standing?

(1)

(ii) Complete the free-body diagram of the ladder shown above. Name the forces you are including. (3) (iii) What type of forces are Gx and Gy? (2)

(iv) Write down the equilibrium conditions (valid as long as the ladder is not slipping)!

(1)

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(v) Find the magnitude of the forces Gx and Gy.

(3)

Useful Information: g = 9.80 ms-2 " = Fperp #$!

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4. Deep sea smokers (volcanic hydrothermal vents) have been found at depths as great as 3000 m below the ocean. Nevertheless, life has evolved in these extreme environments.

(i)

What is the gauge pressure at this depth?

(1)

()*+$&,$+)-$*.,/01+-$23-,,13-4$ $ $ $ $ $ $ %5'$ $ $ $ $ $ 6$,7*00$83-*+13-$0&9&:;$.<$+)-$,7/=-3$)*,$*$.10=$7/>101,$/?$5@$AB*C$ $ $ (iii) Assuming the creature is made of inanimate material what fraction of the volume it occupies at the surface will its volume reduced by at the depth of the smoker? (2)

%&&'

(iv)

How does this compare with the fractional volume change of a bubble of ideal gas subject to the same pressure change? . (2)

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(v)

How does your result of part iv change when the change in temperature (293 K at surface and 393 K by the smoker) is also taken into account? Assume again that the gas in the bubble behaves like an ideal gas. (1)

A scientific mission uses a submersible to collect a rock sample from around the smoker. The rock is taken back to the lab for examination and its density is measured using Archimedes principle. The rock is found to weigh 900 N in air and 600 N in water. (vi) Calculate the density of the rock. (3)

Useful information g = 9.80 m s-2 !water = 1000 kg m-3 !P = ! g !h Patm = 101325 Pa !P = -B (!V/V0) PV = nRT FB = !f V g

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5.

(i) The blood in an artery of radius 5.0 x10-3 m flows with a speed of 0.15 m s-1. This artery subdivides into a large number of capillaries, each having radii of 5.0x 10-6 m. The flow speed in the capillaries is 5.0x10-4 m s-1. Into how many capillaries does the artery divide? (Assume that blood is an ideal fluid). (2)

(ii) Many clinical studies reveal that deposits in arteries effectively narrow the arterial passages. Compare a healthy artery and a diseased one whose cross-sectional area is only 0.6 of the healthy one. By what factor will the pressure gradient (!P / L) have to change if the same volume of blood is to be carried by the diseased artery per unit time? (2)

A patient is to be given an intravenous transfusion of blood. The blood is to flow from a bottle through a needle inserted into a vein in the patients arm. The inside diameter of the 3.00 cmlong needle is 0.440 mm and the required flow rate is 4.00 cm3 of blood per minute. (iii) What pressure difference is required to provide this flow rate? (2)

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(iv) Assuming that the patients blood pressure in the vein is 10.0 mm Hg then what pressure in Pa is the blood be put under? (1)

(v) What height should the bottle be held at to provide this pressure?

(1)

(vi) Under conditions of normal activity an adult inhales about 1L of air during each inhalation. Estimate the volume flow rate and the average flow speed of air in the trachea (windpipe). (2)

Useful Information: !P=!g!h ! (Blood)=1060 kg m-3 " (Blood)=0.001 Pa s ! (Mercury)=13593 kg m-3 Q=A1v1 = A2v2 Q=# R4 !P / 8 "L

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