294 The Masterbu||der - JuIy 2012 www.masterbu||der.co.

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array o skyscrapers ||ned up, both |n
concept and act|on.
Under Construction: TheTop10giants
Bu||d|ng data |rm Empor|s has com-
p||ed a ||st o the top10 uture skyscrap-
ers ones current|y under construct|on
that w||| be among the wor|ds ta||est
when they are comp|eted. Each o the
ten newcomers w||| stand more than 500
meters ta||, and they are a|| due to be
|n|shed by 2016. On|y Bur| Kha||a w|||
rema|n |n the 10 ta||est bu||d|ngs by
2016 - and 9 out o the top 10 structures
he recent years have w|tnessed a
ree||ng construct|on & arch|tecture
T|ndustry, struck by everyth|ng rom
mortgage me|tdowns to the deep-rooted
g|oba| recess|on. As the |nanc|a| cr|s|s
has h|t severa| nat|ons, construct|on has
s|owed on both res|dent|a| and commer-
c|a| pro|ects, |eav|ng arch|tects and bu||d-
ers tocomeupw|thcreat|vewaystokeep
the|r |rms a|oat.
Thus the phrase Sky |s the L|m|t m|ght
soon ee| au|ty to use as the wor|ds best
eng|neers and arch|tects are a|| set to
break and push th|s ||m|t urther w|th an
w||| be |nAs|a.
Wh||e Bur| Kha||a w||| rema|n the ta||-
est bu||d|ng |n the wor|d (at 828m), the
M|dd|e Easts c|oud-touch|ng c|utch o
g|ants w||| be overtaken by Ch|na, wh|ch
|s bu||d|ng s|x o the 10 ta||est skyscrap-
ers, o||owed by South Korea wh|ch has
two bu||d|ngs |n the uture ||st. l other
proposed bu||d|ng p|ans are put |nto
mot|on, there cou|d soon be skyscrap-
ers that dwar the Bur| |n he|ght. But or
now, these bu||d|ngs are the ta||est
under construct|on. Let us start rom the
shortest among the Ta||est 10!
XI0M
:
NGIN0ING
XI0M
:
NGIN0ING
1o||o's \osl ^ml|c|poleo 3-ysc|ope|s
1o||o's \osl ^ml|c|poleo 3-ysc|ope|s
Chaitanya Raj Goyal
Chaitanya Raj Goyal
295 www.masterbu||der.co.|n The Masterbu||der - JuIy 2012
TaII BuiIdings
10. Busan Lotte World Tower, Busan,
SouthKorea
Th|s107|oor, 510.5m(1,674t) super-
ta|| skyscraper pro|ect |n Busan, South
Korea |s expected |n 2016. The tower
comp|ex construct|on wh|ch began |n
2009 |s d|v|ded|nto4 construct|on phases
|nc|ud|ng a huge department store, c|n-
ema, |uxury hote|, an observat|on deck,
o|ces, and cu|tura| ac|||t|es. The towers
underground park|ng space w||| be ab|e
to accommodate over 2,400 cars ow|ng
to the 6 underground |oors.
Concrete cast|ng |n the 4.0m th|ck,
tr|angu|ar (75m) mat oundat|on o the
tower began |n March 2012. A mass|ve
24,840 cub|c meter o |owheat SCC - 40
Mpa grade was poured |n the mat bu||t
rom 2225 ton o re-bar. The structure
hasbeendes|gnedwe|| totack|ethew|nd
and se|sm|c |oads ow|ng to the extreme
cond|t|ons th|s reg|on aces. Busan Lotte
Wor|d w||| have 45 e|evators w|th a max
speed o 10m/s to ac|||tate qu|ck move-
ment.
9. Pentominium, Dubai
Th|s 122 |oor marve| w||| touch the
mark o 516mandw||| become the wor|ds
ta||est res|dent|a| tower cover|ng a tota|
bu||t up area o 163,720m2. The con-
struct|on started |n 2009 and the bu||d-
|ng was expected by 2013 beore the
w||| harbor 23 e|evators w|th a top speed
o 8 m/s.
8. Dalian Greenland Center Dalian,
Liaoning, China
Da||an Green|and Center |s a sky-
scraper under construct|on |n Da||an,
L|aon|ng, Ch|na. lt |s expected to have 88
|oors and be 518m ta||. The ant|c|pated
comp|et|on date |s 2016. The tower w|||
host 265 res|dent|a| apartments, 260
|uxury hote| rooms and commerc|a|
workspaces w|thanobservatory deck.
2
ThetowersGFA|s247,000m andthe
2
tota| deve|opment GFA |s 287,000m .
The comp|ex w||| support 37 e|evators
w|th a top speed o 9m/s. lt a|so |nc|udes
construct|on was ha|ted |n August 2011
|eav|ng mere 22 |oors comp|eted.
Each res|dent|a| |oor |n th|s bu||d|ng
2
w||| span an area o over 600 m |nc|ud-
|ng 4-bedrooms apartments, sw|mm|ng
poo|, an observat|on deck, a pr|vate c|n-
ema, a hea|th c|ub, a banquet|ng ha||, a
c|gar |oungeandabus|ness centre. There
are s|x basement |eve|s and the struc-
ture |s supported by a p||ed rat system
compr|s|ng |arge-d|ameter bored p||es
cast |n s|tu. The p||e cut-o |eve|s are
oundedabout 24mbe|owex|st|ngground
|eve| at an e|evat|on o 19.4 m DMD.
Approx|mate|y, 5,000 tones o rebar and
3
15,000 m o concrete were used |ncast-
|ng the p||e rat oundat|on. Th|s tower
10 8uson Lotte WorId Iower 9 Pentominium
8
DoIion GreenIond Center
4 basement |oors or park|ng and other
serv|ce ac|||t|es. lt uses state o the art
techno|ogy to overcome the w|nd and
se|sm|c orces that pose a ma|or cha|-
|enge to th|s structure.
7. CTF TianjinTower, Tianjin, China
The 96 story CTF T|an||n Tower (530-
meter) houses o|ces, 300 serv|ce apart-
mentsanda350-room, 5-starhote| beneath
|ts bo|d|y arched top.
The gent|y curv|ng g|ass sk|n con-
cea|s e|ght s|op|ng co|umns that ||e be-
h|nd the pr|mary bends o the e|evat|on.
lntegra| to reso|v|ng grav|ty and |atera|
|oads, these s|op|ng co|umns |ncrease
the structures st|ness |n response to
se|sm|c concerns. Strateg|ca||y p|aced,
mu|t|-story w|nd vents comb|ned w|th
the aerodynam|c shape o the tower dra-
mat|ca||y reduce w|nd orces by reduc-
|ng vortex shedd|ng.
The 4.2-m||||on-square-eet pro|ect
has been des|gned to LEED go|d stan-
dards w|th a h|gh perormance enve-
|ope, opt|m|zed day ||ght|ng and |and-
scaped green s|te areas among |ts sus-
ta|nab|e strateg|es. Pr|or test|ng o 18
d|erent schemes w|th|n a w|nd tunne|
has |ed to a des|gn w|th the |east move-
ment and qu|et |nter|or |n compar|son to
other |mp|emented skyscrapers.
6. OneWorldTradeCenter, NewYork
A memorab|e arch|tectura| |and-
mark or NewYork C|ty and Amer|ca, the
105 story tower w||| soar to 541.3m |n the
sky and |s expected by 2013.
The bu||d|ng |nc|udes some charac-
ter|st|c des|gne|ements |ntended to pro-
tect |t rom uture terror|st attacks, such
as a 185-oot w|ndow|ess concrete base
des|gned spec||ca||y to w|thstand truck
bombs, three-oot re|norced concrete
wa||s |n a|| sta|rwe||s and e|evator shats,
and a ded|cated set o sta|rcases or
|re|ghters.
Above the concrete base, the bu||d-
|ng starts to take |ts shape ater the 20th
|oor. As |t r|ses, e|ght |sosce|es tr|ang|es
bu||t |nto the bu||d|ngs aade come to-
gether to orm a perect octagon near
the m|dd|e o the tower. The h|gh r|se |s
be|ng constructed w|th two concrete
cores and concrete on meta| decks ut|-
||z|ng an|nnovat|ve p|ac|ng system.
5. GoldinFinance117, Tianjin, China
Located |n T|an||n, th|s 117-storey
tower w||| become the ta||est bu||d|ng |n
the c|ty upon comp|et|on, soar|ng to
600m. The upper port|on w||| house a
|uxur|ous hote| and the |ower port|on w|||
conta|no|ce space.
Construct|on began |n 2008, and the
bu||d|ng was schedu|ed to be com-
p|eted |n 2014, becom|ng the second
ta||est bu||d|ng |n Ch|na, surpass|ng the
Shangha| Wor|d F|nanc|a| Center. ln |ate
January 2010 |t was announced that
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CIF Iionjin Iower
a 6
One WorId
Irode Center
5 GoIdin Finonce 117 a
296 The Masterbu||der - JuIy 2012 www.masterbu||der.co.|n
The Masterbuilder Subscription
Form
construct|onhad beensuspended. Con-
struct|on resumed |n 2011, w|th comp|e-
t|onest|mated |n2015.
Susta|nab|||ty |s h|gh on the bu||ders
agenda as a LEED p|at|num target had
beenset or the des|gnteam.
4. Makkah Clock Royal Tower, Mecca,
Saudi Arabia
Th|s tower |s a bu||d|ng comp|ex |n
Mecca owned by Fa|rmont Hote|s and
Pesorts. The comp|ex ho|ds severa|
wor|d records, such as the ta||est hote|
|nthe wor|d(601m), the ta||est c|ock tower
|n the wor|d, the wor|ds |argest c|ock
ace and the bu||d|ng w|th the wor|ds
|argest |oor area (15,00,000 m2). Even
the concrete sect|on o the Mecca Poya|
C|ock Tower wou|d be ta||er than the cur-
rent second-ta||est bu||d|ng |nthe wor|d
The comp|ex |nc|udes 96 e|evators
w|thatopspeedo 6m/sec. Thenewc|ock
tower, stand|ng approx. 1,969 eet, |s s|x
t|mes the he|ght o B|g Bens c|ock tower
|n London and eatures our c|ock aces,
each 43 meters |n d|ameter, |eg|b|e rom
upto 10 k||ometers away.
3. Shanghai Tower, Shanghai, China
Stand|ng at 632-meters, the m|xed-
use Shangha| Tower began |n 2009 and
the construct|on|s est|mated to get com-
p|eted by 2014. The tower w||| have 121
|oors, w|th a tota| |oor area o 380,000
meter square.
The stee| structure w||| r|se to 632m
wrapped around a 565.6 metre ta|| cen-
tra| concretecore. Thedes|gn|s t|ered|nto
8 |eve|s above ground w|th |oor-p|ates,
approx|mate|y the shape o tr|ang|es,
creat|ng the base o each t|er that |n ront
has an outer g|ass aade wrapped
around |t rather ||ke a burr|to that gent|y
tapers |n and out creat|ng a subt|e
zoomorph|c appearance.
Pecessed deep|y rom the externa|
aade are the ma|n |oors, creat|ng an
area |n between that conta|ns huge atr|-
ums. These w||| have the|r space used to
turn |t |nto a b|oc||mat|c tower, comp|ete
w|th trees as much as ten meters ta|| that
can he|p natura||y regu|ate the coo||ng
o the bu||d|ng between|ts doub|e sk|n.
The aades taper, texture and asy-
mmetry work |n partnersh|p to reduce
w|nd |oads on the bu||d|ng by 24%,
oer|ng cons|derab|e sav|ngs overa|| |n
both bu||d|ng mater|a|s and construc-
t|on costs. ln add|t|on, the bu||d|ngs sp|-
ra||ng parapet co||ects ra|nwater, wh|ch
|s used or the towers heat|ng and a|r
cond|t|on|ng systems. W|nd turb|nes
|ocated d|rect|y beneath the parapet
generate on-s|te power.
BASFs concreteadm|xturePheop|us
325 he|ped ac|||tate the pro|ects ob|ec-
3
t|ve to cont|nuous|y pour 61,000 m con-
crete or the oundat|on s|ab |n a per|od
o 60 hours. Th|s has resu|ted |n a new
wor|d record.
2. Pingan nternational Finance Center
Shenzhen, Gaungdong, China
TheP|nganlnternat|ona| F|nanceCen-
ter |sa115-storeysuperta|| skyscraper that
|s expected to be comp|eted |n 2015,
and w||| be the ta||est bu||d|ng |n Ch|na,
stand|ng a tota| o 660m h|gh.
The bu||d|ng has a tota| gross |oor
2
area o 378,600 m p|us a basement area
2
o 90,000 m . The pro|ect w||| cons|st o
o|ces, support|ng ac|||t|es, a coner-
ence center, and park|ng. lt w||| seek
LEEDcert||cat|on.
The se|ected structura| system con-
s|sts o a compos|te concrete core w|th
stee| outr|ggers connect|ng to e|ght
super-co|umns. The exter|or rame |s
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8honghoi Iower
4
Mokkoh CIock
0oyoI Iower
298 The Masterbu||der - JuIy 2012 www.masterbu||der.co.|n
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Ping on InternotionoI Finonce Center a
composed o seven doub|e |ayer be|t
trusses |ocated at the mechan|ca| and
reugee |oors. The exter|or be|t trusses
are |nterconnected w|th a super d|ago-
na| at each exter|or ace o the bu||d|ng.
The pro|ect a|so |nc|udes a stee|-ramed
11-story pod|um w|th h|gh-end shop-
p|ng arcades, restaurants and roo-top
caes. ThorntonTomasett| hasperormed
extens|ve non||near dynam|c t|me h|s-
tory se|sm|c ana|ys|s.
1. ndiaTower, Mumbai, ndia
lnd|a Tower |s a super-ta|| skyscraper
under construct|on |n the c|ty o Mumba|
|n Maharashtra, lnd|a. l comp|eted as
proposed, the 125-storey tower wou|d
stand 720m h|gh, and wou|d become
the wor|ds second-ta||est skyscraper,
ater the Bur|.
The pro|ect has gone through many
evo|ut|ons over the |ast ew years. The
pro|ect was |rst proposedby the Dynam|x
Ba|was rea|tor group |n 2008 as a more
modest 85-story, 988 eet-ta|| tower.
Construct|on began on the |atest
|terat|on, des|gned by Fosters Partners,
|n 2010, but was put on ho|d the o||ow-
|ng year w|th no word about changes to
the pro|ected comp|et|on date, or
whether the pro|ect w||| cont|nue at a||.
Construct|on |s cha||eng|ng and w|||
cons|st o three cast |n-s|tu concrete
cores wh|ch cont|nua||y taper. Th|s means
that the ormwork w||| need to be re-
ad|usted on every storey. l construct|on
re-starts Doka (temporary works spe-
2
c|a||st) w||| be us|ng 2,785m o |arge area
ormwork, w|th 173 automat|c c||mbers
to he|perect |t.
Thefutureis vertical
W|th the number o peop|e ||v|ng on
earth grow|ng exponent|a||y (7 b||||on |n
the |ast 100 years), there |s no room or
c|t|es to expand on the ground, espe-
c|a||y |n the b|g overcrowded areas, and
that |s why arch|tects are p|ann|ng many
ways o expand|ng throughthe a|r.
lt was a|ways pretty obv|ous what
the uture was go|ng to |ook ||ke. G|eam-
|ng g|ass and stee| skyscrapers wou|d
puncture the atmosphere ||ke s||ver nee-
d|es |n a p|ncush|on. Arch|tects vert|ca|
|eaprogg|ng, however, |snt ||ke|y to
stop at the Bur| Kha||a. Wh||e the tower
w||| be a tough one to beat, |t |s ||ke|y to
rema|n at the p|nnac|e or on|y about
another ha|-dozenyears.
Deve|opers around the wor|d have
proposed numerous new skyscrapers.
Some pro|ects have |eapt o the draw-
|ng boards, though p|ans or many
record-break|ng towers have beenscut-
t|ed because o the g|oba| econom|c
spasms o the past coup|e years. But
thanku||y we have w|tnessed a sh|t
rom g|amour towards unct|ona||ty |n
h|gh r|se construct|on. The uture w|||
see many more amaz|ng and |nsane
des|gns as the human race moves
towards a rap|d|y transorm|ng era!
1
Indio Iower
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