.1INTRODUCTION Due to rapid industrialization, industrial workers are exposed to several types of hazardsand accidents.

Every year lakhs of workers are injured due to mechanical, chemical, electricala n d r a d i a t i o n h a z a r d s a n d i t l e a d s t o p a r t i a l o r t o t a l d i s a b l e m e n t . S o i n r e c e n t ye a r s , g r e a t e r attention is given to health and safety due to pressure from government, trade unions, labour laws and awareness of employers.The efficiency of workers depends to a great extends on the environment in which the work. Work environment consists of all the factors, which act and react on the body and mind of an employee. The primary aim is to create an environment, which ensures the greatest ease of work and removes all causes of worries.Occupational health and safety is a discipline with a broad scope involving many specializedfields. In its broadest sense, it should aim at: a) T h e p r o m o t i o n a n d m a i n t e n a n c e o f t h e h i gh e s t d e g r e e o f p h ys i c a l , m e n t a l a n d s o c i a l well-being of workers in all occupations. b) The prevention among workers of adverse effects on health caused by their w o r k i n g conditions. c) The protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors adverseto health. d) The placing and maintenance of workers in an occupational environment a d a p t e d t o physical and mental needs. e) The adaptation of work to humans.S u c c e s s f u l o c c u p a t i o n a l h e a l t h a n d s a f e t y p r a c t i c e r e q u i r e s t h e c o l l a b o r a t i o n a n d participation of both employers and workers in health and safety programmes, and involves thec o n s i d e r a t i o n o f i s s u e s r e l a t i n g t o o c c u p a t i o n a l m e d i c i n e , i n d u s t r i a l h yg i e n e , t o x i c o l o g y, education, engineering safety, ergonomics, psychology, etc Occupational health issues are often given less attention than oc cupational safety issues because the former are generally more difficult to confront. However, when health is addressed,so is safety, because a healthy workplace is by definition also a safe workplace. The converse,though, may not be true - a so-called safe workplace is not necessarily also a healthy workplace.T h e i m p o r t a n t p o i n t i s t h a t i s s u e s o f b o t h h e a l t h a n d s a f e t y m u s t b e a d d r e s s e d i n e v e r y workplace.Work plays a central role in people's lives, since most workers spend at least eight hoursa day in the workplace, whether it is on a plantation, in an office, factory, etc. Therefore, work e n v i r o n m e n t s s h o u l d b e s a f e a n d h e a l t h y . U n f o r t u n a t e l y s o m e e m p l o y e r s a s s u m e l i t t l e responsibility for the protection of workers' health and safety. In fact, some employers do noteven know that they have the moral and often legal responsibility to protect workers. Health of the workers: Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely theabsence of diseases. Its a positive and dynamic conc ept which means something more than theabsence of illness.

Statutory provisions :
According to factories Act, 1948, the statutory provisions regarding the health of the workers are stated in the sections 11 to 20. They are Cleanliness (sec 11): Every factory shall be kept clean by daily sweeping or washing the floors and workroomsand by using disinfectants where every necessary. Walls, doors and windows shall be repaintedor varnished at least once in every 5 years. Disposal of wastes and effluents (sec 12): The waste materials produced from the manufacturing process must be e f f e c t i v e l ydisposed of wastes. Ventilation and temperature (sec 13): There must be provision for adequate ventilation for the circulation of fresh air. Thetemperature must be kept at a comfortable level. Hot parts of machines must be separated andinsulated. The State Government may make rules for the keeping of thermometers in specified places and the adoption of methods which will keep the temperature low. Removal of Dust and fumes (sec 14):

If the manufacturing process used gives off injurious or offensive dust and steps must betaken so that they are not inhaled or accumulated. The exhaust fumes of internal combustionengines must be conducted outside the factory. Artificial humidification (sec 15): The water used for this purpose must be pure. The State Government can frame rulesregarding the process of humidification etc. The water used for humidification shall be takenfrom a public supply or other source of drinking water and must be effectively purified beforeuse. Overcrowding (sec 16): T h e r e m u s t b e n o o v e r c r o w d i n g i n a f a c t o r y . I n f a c t o r i e s e x i s t i n g b e f o r e t h e commencement of the Act there must be a t l e a s t 9 . 9 c u b i c m e t e r s o f s p a c e p e r w o r k e r . F o r factories built afterwards, there must be at least 4.2 cubic meters of space. The chief inspector of factories can also prescribe the maximum number of workers who can work in each work room. Lighting (sec 17): Factories must be well lighted. Effective measures must be adop ted to prevent glare or formation of shadows which might cause eye strain. Drinking water (sec 18): Arrangements must be made to provide a sufficient supply of wholesome drinking water.All supply points of such water must be marked drinking water. No such points shall be within 20 ft. (or 7.5 meters) of any latrine, washing place etc. Factories employing more than 250 workers must cool the water during the hot weather. Toilet facilities (sec 19): Every factory must provide sufficient number of latrines and urinals. There m u s t b e separate provisions for male and female workers.L a t r i n e s a n d u r i n a l s m u s t b e k e p t i n a c l e a n a n d s a n i t a r y c o n d i t i o n . I n f a c t o r i e s employing more than 250 workers, they shall be of prescribed sanitary types. Spittoons (sec 20): A sufficient number of spittoons must be provided at convenient places, in a clean andhygienic condition. The State Government may take rules regarding their number, location andmaintenance

Workers often experience work-related health problems and do not realize that the problemsare related to their work, particularly when an occupational disease, for example, is in the earlystages. Besides the other more obvious benefits of training, such as skills development, hazardrecognition, etc., a comprehensive training programme in each workplace will help workers to: a) R e c o g n i z e e a r l y s i g n s / s ym p t o m s o f a n y p o t e n t i a l o c c u p a t i o n a l d i s e a s e s b e f o r e t h e y become permanent conditions. b) Assess their work environment. c) Insist that management make changes before hazardous conditions can develop.

Health and safety programmes: Effective workplace health and safety programmes can help to save the lives of workers byr e d u c i n g h a z a r d s a n d t h e i r c o n s e q u e n c e s . H e a l t h a n d s a f e t y p r o g r a m m e s a l s o h a v e p o s i t i v e effects on both worker morale and productivity, which are important benefits. At the same time,effective programmes can save employers a great deal of money. For all of the reasons given below, it is crucial that employers, workers and unions are committed to health and safety. a) Workplace hazards are controlled - at the source whenever possible. b) Records of any exposure are maintained for many years.

c) Both workers and employers are informed about health and safety risks in the workplace. d) There is an active and effective health and safety committee that includes both workersand management. e) Worker health and safety efforts are ongoing

FINDINGS

.1.1 Percentage Analysis:

1)53% of the respondents are having the age limit of 31 35 y e a r s a n d 2 7 % o f t h e respondents are comes under the age limit of 26 30 years and 20% of the respondentsare falls between the age limit of 36 40 years. 2)47% of the respondents are having the experience of 11 15 years a n d 4 3 % o f t h e respondents are having the experience of 6 10 years and only 10% of the respondentsare having the experience of 16 20 years. 72 3)53% of the respondents respond that they are not aware of the health and saf ety measuresand only 47% of the respondents are aware of the health and safety measures. 4)64% of the respondents say that they have no effective arrangements for communicatinghealth and safety matters; only 36% agrees that they have effective arrangements for communicating health and safety matter 5)53% of the respondents say that the company is providing medical facilities but 47% of t h e r e s p o n d e n t s r e s p o n d t h a t t h e c o m p a n y i s n o t p r o v i d i n g m e d i c a l f a c i l i t i e s t o t h e workers.

6)53% of the respondents respond that they attended the health and s a f e t y t r a i n i n g programme but 47% of the respondents says that they are not attended any health andsafety training programme conducted in the company. 7)56% of the respondents respond that the training is offered once in 3 ye a r s a n d 2 4 % o f t h e r e s p o n d e n t s r e s p o n d t h a t t h e t r a i n i n g i s o f f e r e d o n c e i n 5 ye a r s a n d 2 0 % o f t h e respondents say that the training is offered yearly once. 8)50% of the respondents respond that sometimes they have proper drinking water and 33%o f t h e r e s p o n d e n t s s a y s o f t e n t h e y h a v e p r o p e r d r i n k i n g w a t e r a n d 1 0 % o f t h e respondents say that always they have proper drinking water and 7% of the respondentssays rarely they have proper drinking water facility inside the work place. 9 ) 5 3 % o f t h e r e s p o n d e n t s s a ys o f t e n t h e y h a v e s t r e s s a n d 3 3 % o f t h e r e s p o n d e n t s r e s p o n d that sometimes they have stress and 7% of the respondents say that always they havestress and only 7% of the respondents says rarely they have stress towards work. 10)84% of the respondents strongly agree that they are aware about the first aid activitiesand contents of the first aid kit and 16% of the respondents simply agree that they areaware about the first aid activities and contents of the first aid kit

.1.8 Table showing the drinking water facility