Primary Sources

Letters:
DuPont, S.F. Letter to Gideon Wells, Secretary of the U.S. Navy. 14 May 1862. MS. N.p. In this letter Admiral DuPont praises Robert's bravery and intelligence to the Secretary of theU.S. Navy. Intelligence, City. "The Steamer Planter." Charleston Daily Courier [Charlston, South Carolina]14 May 1862: n. pag. Print. This is the Southern perspective of the treasonous act of the theft of the Planter

Newspaper Articles:
Ravenel, F.G. "Memorandum." Letter to Roswell S. Ripley. 13 May 1862. Deadconfederates.com . N.p., 17 May 2012. Web. 25 Feb. 2013.Brevet Lieutenant F.G. Ravenel wrote a letter to the officer in charge of the Confederatedefenses informing him of the theft of the Planter. "The Steamer Planter and Her Captor." Harper's Weekly [New York, New York] 14 June 1862:372. Print. This is the perspective of the Northern side that portrayed Robert as a hero.

Audio:
D. A. French. "Sixty-Three Is The Jubilee." Rec. 1863. Cws35 . D. A. French. Root & Cady, 1863. Pdmusic.org . Benjamin Robert Tubb, 3 Feb. 2011. Web. 16 Feb. 2013.<http://www.pdmusic.org/civilwar/cws36.mid>. This song is an emancipation song from 1863. Howe, Julia W.

Battle Hymn Of The Republic . Mrs. Julia Ward Howe, 1862. Web. 16 Feb. 2013.<lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.natlib.ihas.200000858/default.html>. A Union song from The Civil War.

Secondary Sources
Websites:
"Abduction of the Confederate Steamer Planter from Charleston, S. C., May 13, 1862." The Civil War Gazette. May 13, 2007. Accessed February 26, 2013. http://civilwargazette.wordpress.com/2007/05/13/abduction-of-the-confederate-steamerplanter-from-charleston-s-c-may-13-1862/. This article includes what was written by S. F. Dupont regarding Robert's superior intelligence. Blain Roberts Ethan J. Kytle. "Robert Smalls' Great Escape." Opinionator Robert Smalls' Great Escape Comments. May 12, 2012. Accessed January 05, 2013. http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/05/12/robert-smallss-great-escape/. On this website we learned more about the great escape of Robert Smalls. Celliana, Miss. "Neatorama." Neatorama. February 15, 2012. Accessed January 05, 2013. http://www.neatorama.com/2012/02/15/the-first-black-american-sea-captain/. In this website it talks how Robert Smalls became a worker on The Planter and how he stole it. Hall, Andy. "Dead Confederates, A Civil War Era Blog." Dead Confederates A Civil War Era Blog. May 17, 2012. Accessed January 26, 2013. http://deadconfederates.com/2012/05/17/sucks-to-be-you-lieutenant-ravenel/. Here we found a copy of the communication that the Brever Lieutenant wrote to the naval superiors regarding the abduction of the Planter. Hall, Andy. "Dead Confederates, A Civil War Era Blog." Dead Confederates A Civil War Era Blog. May 18, 2012. Accessed February 25, 2013. http://deadconfederates.com/2012/05/18/to-be-divided-between-robert-smalls-and-hisassociates/. Information regarding the reward and what the reward amount actually should have been. Hall, Andy. "Dead Confederates, A Civil War Era Blog." Dead Confederates A Civil War Era Blog (web log), May 13, 2012. Accessed February 16, 2013.

http://deadconfederates.com/2012/05/13/one-of-the-most-daring-and-heroic-adventuressince-the-war-commenced/. On this website we descovered the letter written by the officer of the planter to the southern goverment to explain the stealing of the ship. McLeod, Harriet. "South Carolina Marks Ex-slave's Daring Sail to Freedom." Reuters. May 14, 2012. Accessed January 06, 2013. http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/14/us-usa-civilwar-southcarolinaidUSBRE84D19Y20120514.This website increased our knowing of the escape of Robert Smalls "Memorandum." F.G. Ravenel to Roswell S. Ripley. May 13, 1862. In Deadconfederates.com. May 17, 2012. Accessed February 25, 2013. deadconfederates.com/2012/05/17/sucks-to-be-you-lieutenant-ravenel. Brevet Lieutenant .G. Ravenel wrote a letter to the officer in charge of the Confederate defenses informing him of the theft of the Planter. Paul ZummoDonald R. McClarey. "Almost Chosen People." Almost Chosen People. May 13, 2012. Accessed January 05, 2013. http://almostchosenpeople.wordpress.com/2012/05/13/may-13-1862-robert-smalls-siezescss-planter/. On this website there was a biography of Robert Smalls PBS. 2004. Accessed January 06, 2013. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/slavery/experience/freedom/spotlight.html. This website talks a little on his early life up until the Civil War and how he was forced to work for the place he longed to escape, and how he did on the ship The Planter later in his life. The Beaufort District Collection Manager suggested books from the Beaufort County Library and the importance of education to Robert Smalls. "Robert Smalls." - New World Encyclopedia. May 4, 2008. Accessed January 05, 2013. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Robert_Smalls. This website speaks of his early life and what it was like. It's also about how he escaped and how he became a big naval hero and the first black congressman. "Robert Smalls and SS Planter." E-mail message to author. December 5, 2012. "Robertsmalls.org." The Commonwealth, Boston Saturday, March 25, 1865. March 25, 1865. Accessed January 05, 2013. http://blog.robertsmalls.org/1865newspaper-article/the-commonwealth-boston-saturday-march-25-1865/. This is a newspaper article from the day he brought The Planter to the North. "SC Events Mark Little-known Civil War Incident." The Augusta Chronicle. Accessed January 06, 2013. http://chronicle.augusta.com/latest-news/2012-05-05/sc-events-marklittle-known-civil-war-incident?mmo_ccc=xfinity. This website is about all of his life from when he was born to when he became the first black congressman.

U.S. Department of Education Underground Railroad Educational and Cultural (URR) Program. "Robert Smalls, People of the Underground Railroad in America :: National Underground Railroad Freedom Center in Cincinnati, Ohio." Robert Smalls, People of the Underground Railroad in America :: National Underground Railroad Freedom Center in Cincinnati, Ohio. Accessed January 05, 2013. http://www.freedomcenter.org/underground-railroad/history/people/Robert-Smalls/. On this website we learned about the escape

Books:
Burton, Orville Vernon. The Age of Lincoln . New York: Hill and Wang, 2007. 39+. Print. From this book we learned about his early life as an enslaved person and his life after he got there ward for the boat in addition to his service as a congressmen for the Republican party. Cooper, Michael L. From Slave to Civil War Hero: The Life and Times of Robert Smalls . NewYork: Lodestar, 1994. Print. Dray, Philip. Capitol Men: The Epic Story of Reconstruction through the Lives of the First Black Congressmen . Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2008. 3+. Print. From this book we learnedabout the early life as an enslaved person and his life after he got the reward for the boatand his service as a congressman for the Republican Party.

Franklin, John Hope, and Alfred A. Moss. From Slavery to Freedom: A History of African Americans . New York: A.A Knopf, 2000. 235+. Print. From this book we learned about the 1st Black men working at the capitol, one of which was Robert Smalls. Halfmann, Janet, and Duane Smith. Seven Miles to Freedom: The Robert Smalls Story . NewYork: Lee & Low, 2008. Print. This book was about his enslaved life, but states more about the 7 miles he traveled in The Planter to the Union ships on post outside Charleston Harbor.

Kennedy, Robert Francis, and Patrick Faricy. Robert Smalls: The Boat Thief . New York:Hyperion for Children, 2008. Print. American Heroes series for children discussingRobert Smalls' story, his congressional life, and his contributions to public education. Meriwether, Louise, and Lee Jack Morton. The Freedom Ship of Robert Smalls. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1971. Print. From this book we learned about the life of Robert Smalls from when he was hired out to his buying his wife's freedom to when he escaped aboard The Planter. sterling, Dorothy. Captain of the Planter: The Story of Robert Smalls . Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1958. Print. Sterling, Philip, Rayford Whittingham Logan, and Charles White. "Robert Smalls." Four Took Freedom: The Lives of Harriet Tubman, Frederick Douglass, Robert Smalls, and Blanche K. Bruce . Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1967. 68-95. Print. From this book welearned about Robert Smalls hiring himself out and the abduction of The Planter. Horrocks, Thomas A., Harold Holzer, and Frank J. Williams. The Living Lincoln. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2011. 208-09. This book had two pages about how Robert Smalls and Abraham Lincoln met and disscused the idea of Black Soldiers.

Audio:
D. A. French. "Sixty-Three Is The Jubilee." Rec. 1863. Cws35 . D. A. French. Root & Cady, 1863. Pdmusic.org . Benjamin Robert Tubb, 3 Feb. 2011. Web. 16 Feb. 2013.<http://www.pdmusic.org/civilwar/cws36.mid>. This song is an emancipation song from 1863. Howe, Julia W. Battle Hymn Of The Republic

. Mrs. Julia Ward Howe, 1862. Web. 16 Feb. 2013.<lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.natlib.ihas.200000858/default.html>. A Union song from The Civil War.

Videos:
"Http://video.scetv.org/video/2238996688." The Big Picture: Robert Smalls . PBS Etv. South Carolina, 24 May 2012. Television. Robert Smalls - an enslaved African American, a Union hero of the Civil War, and a US Congressman representing South Carolina. From Charleston, special guest host, Judge Alex Sanders, discusses this South Carolinian's life and the impact he had on the state's history with various guests.

E-Mails:
"Materials on Congressman Robert Smalls." Message to the author. 3 Dec. 2012. E-mail. Helen B. Moore, the great-granddaughter of Robert Smalls gave us a connection for where to get curriculum on Robert Smalls. She also gave us her phone number and said we could call with questions. "Materials on Congressman Robert Smalls." Message to Jane Lagos. 24 Feb. 2013. Email. Helen Boulware Moore answered four questions we had regarding her greatgrand father, Robert Smalls. We asked about reward money, the idea for the white sheet, how families got to the wharf, and how Robert became wheel-master. "Primary Sources about Robert Smalls." Message to the author. 3 Dec. 2012. E-mail. The Beaufort District Collection Manager suggested books from the Beaufort County Library and the importance of education to Robert Smalls. "Robert Smalls and SS Planter ." Message to the author. 5 Dec. 2012. E-mail. Dennis Cannady of Beaufort, SC gave us a treasure trove of information. He has done extensive research on Robert Smalls and made a scale model of the Planter. He gave permission to use his research and pictures in our project. "Robert Smalls." Message to the author. 3 Dec. 2012. E-mail. Mr. Dulaney, of the University of Texas at Arlington suggested we look at the Library of Congress for an online version of Harper's Weekly and The National American Review.

"Robert Smalls." Message to the author. 4 Dec. 2012. E-mail. Jeff Powley, Education Manager at The South Carolina State Museum, suggested we look at the Harper's Weekly article. He also sent us a copy of the Planter's escape route. "Robert Smalls." Message to the author. 8 Dec. 2012. E-mail. Bernard Powers of the College of Charleston, who was in the PBS documentary we watched, suggested that we check archives of the New York Times and Ira Berlin's Southern Freedmen and Society Project. "Robert Smalls." Message to the author. 8 Dec. 2012. E-mail. Vernon Burton of Clemson University suggested that the US Park Service, a little book on Robert Smalls probably about 45 pages would be a good place to start.