Definitions 1. Communications Basically, there are two types of definition for communication.

The first definition is communication as a process where A send message to B and there is effect on B. The second definition is exchange of meanings through message which can make human in Communication is one of those human activities that everyone recognizes but few can define satisfactorily. Pg1. Fiske, John Introduction to Communication Studies 3rd edition Human communication is the process through which individuals in relationships, groups, or organizations, and societies respond to and create message to adapt to the environment and one another. Pg 16 Ruben, Brent D. and Stewart, Lea P. communication and human behavior 4th edition 1998 Allyn and Bacon We define communication as the deliberate or accidental transfer of meaning. It is the process that occurs whenever someone observes or experiences behavior and attributes meaning to that behavior. Communication is our link to the rest of humanity and serves a number of purposes. Pg4 Communication works 10th edition, Gamble, Teri Kwal and Gamble, Michael McGraw Hill 2010 The intention of conveying a message, even if the message is abstract (modern poetry, for example). The message may not be intended for anybody in particular and may be simply for the enjoyment of the creator: so there may be no intended receiver. Pg1. Human Communication: A threshold /diploma text 2nd edition Harris, Stuart 1990 Blackwell Limited Communication is the transmission of a message from a source to a receiver. Pg 4 Baran, Stanley J. Introduction to mass communication: media literacy and culture 3rd edition Mc Graw Hill (Baran,2003) 2. Mass communication The term Mass Communication was coined by John Marshall after he invited dozens scholars to participate in the year-long seminar. Pg 222 1994 Rogers, Everet M. A history of communication study. Free Press Mass communication is the process of creating shared meaning between the mass media and their audiences. Pg7 Baran, Stanley J. Introduction to mass communication: media literacy and culture 3rd edition Mc Graw Hill (Baran,2003) Mass communications refers to the process by which a complex organization with the aid of one or more machines produces and transmits public messages that are directed

at large, heterogeneous, and scattered audiences. Pg9 The Dynamics of Mass Communication : Media in Transition 11th edition. Dominick, Joseph R. 2011 Mass communication occurs when the communicator uses technology to reach a relatively large and diverse audience. The communicator then uses some form of technology to communicate the message. Pg17 The New Mass Media Harper, Christopher 2002 Houghton Miffin Company Mass communication is the technology-assisted transmission of messages to mass audiences. Pg 4 Mass communication is the sending of a message to a great number of people at widely separated points. Pg 9. The Media of Mass Communication 10th edition Vivian, John Pearson 2011 A large organization is inserted into the communication chain, with its own internal communication, and its own need to inform itself, to arrive at and carry out policy decisions, and to socialize its new employees to roles and norms. Pg 50 The Process and Effects of Mass Communication Revised Edition Edited by Schramm, Wilbur and Roberts, Donald F. University of Illinois Press 1971

When an organization employs a technology as a medium to communicate with a large audiences, mass communication is said to have occurred. Pg9