Letter Writing Guide

Conf. Univ. Dr.
Diana Ioni Tehnici de comunicare scris i oral n limba englez U1: Letter writing I
Unitatea de nvare Nr.1 LETTER WRITING I

CUPRINS 1. UNIT OBJECTIVES 2. BACKGROUND INFORMATION 2.1. TYPES OF LETTERS 2.2. LETTER STRUCTURE AND LAYOUT 2.3. WRITING STYLES IN LETTERS 3. LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
1. UNIT OBJECTIVES
By the end of this unit you will be able to understand the differences between different types of letters: formal letters, informal letters and semi-formal letters. You will also become familiar with the specific structure and layout of letters, specific greeting and closing phrases in order to use them in contexts of your own.
2.
2.1. Types of letters
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Look at the following table in order to see the differences between types of letters in terms of purpose and format: Type Letters of giving or asking for information Letters of invitation Letters of accepting or refusing an invitation Letters of application Letters of inquiry Letters of complaint Letters of adjustment Purpose To let people know details about a specific matter. To invite people to attend a certain event. To accept or refuse an invitation. To outline your skills and expertise. To request assistance, information and goods. To ask that certain matters should be corrected. Response to a complaint letter.
Centrul de nvmnt la Distan, Facultatea de Litere, Universitatea din Bucureti
Conf. Univ. Dr. Diana Ioni Tehnici de comunicare oral i scris n limba englez U1: Letter writing I
Letters of apology Letters expressing congratulations Letters giving news Letters of thanking, expressing regrets, or refusal, etc Letters of acknowledgement Letters of reference Letters of resignation
To mend a situation. To congratulate people on special events. To let people know about the latest news. To let people know your feelings regarding a certain situation. To let people know that you have received something sent to you. To recommend someone for employment or academic research, studies. To let an employer know about your decision to leave the present position and the reasons for doing so.
Lets have fun! Q: Which letter is always trying to find reasons? A: Y(why?)
stop and think
Exercise 1 Look at the following extracts and identify the type of letter they belong to. 1. I am afraid I cant come to your party. I have to work long hours. Its a pity I cant make it. 2. I have met the man of my dreams and next week we are getting married. I would be so happy if you could accept to be one of the brides maids. I have already bought a pink dress for you. Please, say yes.
Conf. Univ. Dr. Diana Ioni Tehnici de comunicare scris i oral n limba englez U1: Letter writing I
3.
I am sorry I couldnt write lately. I have been so busy
looking for a new house. Now, at last, here I am in my new flat. It is gorgeous. 4. I wouldnt miss it for the world. Of course I will be there. Thank you so much for the invitation. I am looking forward to seeing you and your new girl-friend. 5. I am quite plump, and I feel miserable. I am writing to you to ask what you think I should do about it? Its urgent! Lets have fun! Q: Why shouldnt you put the letter M into the refrigerator? A: Because it turns ice into mice.
2.2. Letter structure and layout Letters generally have the following structure: writing. phrases. Your name. Study the following example: Paragraphs 2, 3, 4: the main body. They develop the topic. Final paragraph: the conclusion. It includes the closing Your address. It is included on the top right-hand corner. The date. It is written under the address. Greeting. Paragraph 1: the introduction. It specifies the reason for
The Intercontinental Hotel Address 22, Hope St. Frankfurt Date Greeting Paragraph 1 Dear Mum, Here I am in Frankfurt. The flight was pleasant and the weather is great. Everything seems perfect. Paragraph 2 The hotel room is so big and the view is fantastic. I am staying with two other colleagues of mine. We have already visited the town and the main museums. Prices are quite convenient. Paragraph 3 Yesterday we went to a jazz club. It was great fun. Tomorrow we are going to do some shopping. I cant wait. I would like to find some handicrafts to bring back home. Final paragraph Closing phrase Love, JulieLove, Jul So, dont worry . Everything is under control. Take care of yourself. Looking forward to hearing from you, 12 March, 2005
stop and think
Exercise 2 Look at the following parts of a letter and arrange them according to the above-stated example. Identify the type of letter: 1. Yours truthfully,
2. 15 September 2004 3. London 4. Dear Sirs / Madams, 5. I have worked in the sales department for three years, and I have acquired robust expertise in this field. 6. I would like to apply for the post of sales manager advertised in yesterdays paper. 7. 3, Freedom Rd. 8. I have also worked as a free-lancer in the advertising unit of a travel agency. 9. You can contact me at the above-mentioned address or at the phone number: 324 55 22. 10. I look forward to hearing from you, 11. Robert Stevenson LETTER: . . . . . . . . .
2.3 Writing styles in letters Although all three types of letters have the same format (see subchapter 2 above), each style has its own features, as follows: 1. Formal style Address: besides your own address, which is placed on top, on
the right-hand corner, followed by the date, you should also add the recipients position, name and address on the left-hand side of the page. Specific greeting phrases: e.g. Dear Sirs / Madams, Dear Mr. Language: formal phrases (e.g. It is also an honour to hear from Brown, Dear Ms Chambers, etc. people like you), formal linking words (e.g. Nevertheless) advanced vocabulary (e.g. the funds allocated to us), no short forms. Specific closing phrases: Yours truthfully, Yours faithfully (in letters beginning with Dear Sir / Madam) or Yours sincerely (in letters beginning with Dear Ms Chambers), followed by your full name. 2. Informal style Your address on the top right-hand corner of the page, followed Informal greeting phrases, such as: Dear Dad, Dear Susan, My Informal vocabulary: e.g. Must admit, I cant wait, By the way, Informal ending phrases: Love, best wishes, Yours, Take care
by the date; dearest ones, etc. Ill make it up for you, etc. followed by your first name. 3. Semi-formal style
These types of letters seem similar to both informal letters and formal letters using a combination of the two styles as follows: Address and date follow the informal style. Greeting phrases follow the formal style (Dear Mr. Brown). Semi-formal vocabulary using some formal phrases and some Ending phrases combining the two styles: e.g. Best wishes,
informal phrases (N.B. never use colloquial phrases). Regards, Yours sincerely followed either by your first name or by your full name
stop and think
Exercise 3 Study the following phrases and label them as formal or informal. F 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. I look forward to meeting you. Im looking forward to meeting you. Thanks for sending me the postcard the other day. Well, must admit its so nice of you. Sorry, but I dont think Ill make it. Please do not hesitate to ask for any further I
details 7. How come you didnt find the time to answer my letter? 8. Many thanks for your prompt reply. 9. We wish to confirm your order No. 343 and inform you that. 10. We note with surprise that . 11. It is always a pleasure to hear from you. 12. Ive been busy lately and thats why I couldnt write back sooner.
Proverb Familiarity breeds contempt.

3. LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT drills
Exercise 4 Match the following informal phrases to the purposes they are used to express. Phrases Could you do me a favour? Lets. Best wishes, Im so happy to hear that Did you know that Peter. Let me know when . I wouldnt miss it for the Purpose finishing a letter making suggestions giving news accepting an invitation asking for a favour asking for a response thanking the person for
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
a. b. c. d. e. f. g.
world! 8. Thanks for your postcard 9. Congratulations on passing the driving test!
writing h. beginning a letter i. congratulating a friend on passing his/her driving test
1 = ; 2 = ; 3 = ; 4 = ; 5 = ; 6 = .; 7 = ; 8 = ; 9 = Exercise 5 Fill in the missing words in order to complete the following formal letter. Then check your answers. Dear Sirs (1 .), After having traveled throughout Africa (2 ) business I would like to (3 ) my opinion (4 ) the endangered animals as (5 ) as on the environmental preservation. Although these animals are (6 ) real danger, if action is we could still save them.
(7 ) soon
Secondly, I could see that tourists visiting this (8 ) could help develop the country. We should persuade the hotel (9 ) pay more attention to the surrounding wildlife and thus save the natural habitat. All in all, we should try (10 ) change (11 ) their mentality (12 ) their behavior so that they have minimal (13 ) on the natural surroundings. I would be most (14 ) if you would reply as soon as possible expressing your (15 ) on this matter. Yours (16 ..), Prof. Jeremy Stevenson
writing
Exercise 6 Choose the most appropriate phrases in order to complete each of the gaps with the two letters(A and B) which follow. Phrases: 1. thanks / Once again Id like to thank you 2. your support / your kind assistance 3. my house-warming party / social event 4. thanks / owing to 5. first of all / firstly 6. ingenuous / smart 7. I wonder if you could / tell me if you can 8. I will raise this opportunity / That would be so good 9. Hope / I do hope 10. come round / pay us a visit 11. Yours sincerely / Yours
Letter A Dear Sally, (1 ) for (2 ) the other day with (3 ) ) to you, it was a smashing success. (5 ). Your(6 ) ideas helped so much. I owe you one. Now, (7 ) come to my place next weekend and have a game of tennis together. (8 ) (9 ) you will make it ) as soon as you get here. (11 ), Sam Letter B Dear Mr. Sullivan, (1 ) for (2 ) with the preparations for the ) celebrating Mr Browns retirement. (4 ) your kind contribution the event was a real success. (5 ) your (6 ) ideas served as a good example to follow in the future. (7 ) come more often in our town. (8 ) to tell you that (9 ) you will be able to (10 ) and meet my family too. (11 ), Lewis Martin Proverb (3 (10 (4
drills
No news is good news.
Exercise 7
Read the following phrases and identify the letter type and style they are from. a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g I am writing to say how sorry I am for mixing up the dates. I would be honored if you could attend our wedding. We do hope this request will receive your immediate Thank you very much for your kind assistance. Have you heard about the latest row in our neighborhood? I am writing to inform you about the next board meeting. I would be grateful if you could send me further I am writing to apply for the post of sales manager in your
attention.
information. company.
writing
Exercise 8 Match the beginnings with the endings and identify the type of letter each pair is from. Then check your answers. Beginnings 1. 2. matter.
I am sorry to say I cant make it. It would be my pleasure to give you some advice on that
3. 4. 5. 6.
I am writing to complain about a faulty hair-dryer that I I am writing to request your advice on an urgent matter. Do come round next time you are in town. We regret to inform you that you have not been accepted
bought from you last week.
for the summer course. Endings a b c d e f I am looking forward to meeting you again soon. Please, do not hesitate to contact us should you apply I do hope my advice is useful. I hope I will find some more time in the future and it will I really need your competent counseling. I hope you will either replace it or give me a refund.
again in the future.
make up for my absence.
1 = ; 2 = ; 3 = ; 4 = ; 5 = ; 6 = Type of letter 1. .. 2. .. 3. .. 4. .. 5. .. 6. ..
Unitatea de nvare Nr. 2 LETTER WRITING II - TRANSACTIONAL LETTERS

CUPRINS 1. UNIT OBJECTIVES 2. BACKGROUND INFORMATION 2.1.LETTER STRUCTURE AND LAYOUT 2.2. REPORTED QUESTION 3. TYPES OF TRANSACTIONAL LETTERS
1. UNIT OBJECTIVES
By the end of this unit you will be able to identify different types of transactional letters as well as different writing styles depending on who you are writing to. You will also be able to use the appropriate format and vocabulary depending on the type of transactional letter you are going to write.
2. BACKGROUND INFORMATION
2.1. Letter structure and layout The purpose of transactional letters is to respond to written information. This information can be of different types: other letters, advertisements, notes, invitations, drawings, maps, guidebooks, etc. Types of transactional letters: complaint, application, asking for or giving advice, information , invitation, etc. The style of these types of letters can be either formal or informal depending on who you are writing to. Contents: transactional letters sum up the information given in the rubric, explain the results of certain facts.
Structure: the letters include opening remarks, several paragraphs (each paragraph introduces a new topic), closing remarks.
Proverb Chance favours the prepared mind.
stop and think
Exercise 1 Look at the advertisement and the points under question. What kind of letter would you write? Formal or informal? Provide reasons. Learning English Can be Fun How often? What time? Classes twice a week!
Native English speakers? Professional teachers!
How much exactly?

Cheap teaching materials!
What kind of audio or visual aids? Modern teaching approaches!
Come and join us! Phone number: 009-001-34578
reading
Exercise 2 Read the following two letters of inquiry which have been written. After having seen the advertisement above, decide which one is better. Provide reasons. A Dear Sir / Madam, I am really curious about a few things referring to your English course. For instance, I am a very busy person. That is why I cannot attend the classes any time. Could you tell me the time and the days? What about the teachers? Are they English speakers? I think they should know some Romanian phrases in order to explain the new vocabulary to beginners like me. Dont you think ? I am looking forward to hearing from you soon please. Yours, Maria tefnescu.
Dear Sir / Madam, I am writing to ask you a few details about your advertisement
in the April issue of The Weekend Magazine. I am interested in taking English classes, and that is why I would be happy if you could answer a few questions. In the advertisement you state that classes are twice a week. I would like to know the exact days and times in order to rearrange my schedule accordingly. Secondly, could you tell me a few things about the teachers? Are they English speakers? Are they university teachers? I also require information on the cost of the teaching materials as well as on the type of teaching approach you use. Does it include any audio and visual aids, for instance radio cassettes, videoplayer, TV cassettes, language lab, etc? I look forward to receiving answers to these questions. Thank you for your help. Yours truthfully, Mary Richardson . . . . Lets have fun! Q: 'What two days of the week start with letter T? A: Tuesday and Thursday? Q: No, today and tomorrow.
2.2 Reported questions
In English there are two main types of questions: Yes / No questions and wh- questions: yes / no questions to be to have got modals Examples Are you married? Have you got any brothers or sisters? Can you swim? May I come in? Need I go there? do / does / did Wh- questions who what when where which whose why how Must you attend the meeting? Do you like jazz? Examples Who are you? What are you doing ? When are they leaving? Where is she now? Which is your favourite singer? Whose jacket is this? Why are you upset? How is he?
When you report questions there are several steps to follow: Yes/No Questions Direct Speech Are you tired?, he asked. Do you like jazz?, she wondered. Reported Speech He asked me whether I was tired. She wondered whether I liked jazz.
The verb changes going one tense behind. Ask / wonder + if / whether. No inversion.
Wh-Questions
Direct Speech Who is your boss?, he asked. Where are they going?, she asked. Why is Tom crying?, she wondered. How will you travel there?, he asked.
Reported Speech He asked who my boss was. She asked where they were going. She wondered why Tom was crying. He asked me how I would travel there.
The verb changes, going one tense behind Ask / wonder + wh-word. No inversion.
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Exercise 3 Rewrite the questions in Reported Speech. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. When does the course start?, the client asked. How did he pay for the delivery?, she asked me. Will they replace the faulty vacuum cleaner?, Mum asked. May I come for the interview?, I asked. Was she checking the flight number for you?, he asked.
3. TYPES OF TRANSACTIONAL LETTERS

Transactional Letters Asking for Information
The style can be either formal or informal depending on the person you are writing to. Example Opening paragraph Formal: I am writing to inquire about , etc. Informal: I would like you to tell me ; Can / Could you let me know , etc. Main Body First paragraph Formal: I would be grateful if you could send me / tell me; I would appreciate some further information on , etc. Informal: Can you tell me; I want / need to know, etc. Second paragraph Formal: Another matter I need information on is ; I would also like to know about , etc. Informal: Can you also tell me a few things on ; I also want to know ; etc. Closing paragraph Formal: I look forward to receiving ; I would be grateful if you could inform me as soon as possible ; etc. Informal: Tell me soon ; Please, let me know ; Send details as soon as you can , etc.
writing
Exercise 4 Rewrite the letter below using the formal style. Dear Karen, How are things over there? My folks are planning a visit to the caves next summer similar to the ones you went to last June. I need to know some things before leaving. Since we are also travelling by coach, can you tell me how many people went on your trip? Do you remember how much the ticket was? I also need to know what kind of clothes to take. Although the trip takes place in June, inside the caves might be cooler; am I right? You can save my life if you send me all these details. Let me know as soon as possible, please. Best wishes, Doris Opening paragraph ... ... .... .. Main body .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Closing paragraph .. .. .. .. .. .
Transactional Letters Giving Information The style can be formal or informal depending on the person you are writing to. Example Opening paragraph Formal: I am writing in reply to your letter asking information about , etc. Informal: This what I have found out for you , etc. Main Body
Formal: Regarding ; As regards ; As far as is concerned , etc. Informal: Remember the information you wanted on ?; Well, ; If I were you , etc. Closing paragraph Formal: Please do not hesitate to contact me if you require more information about ; I do hope I have been of some assistance to you, etc. Informal: Hope this will do for now; Let me know if you need any more details, etc.
writing
Exercise 5 Rewrite the letter below using informal style. Dear Mr Clark, I am writing in reply to your letter asking information about our new hotel. As far as the location is concerned, we assure you that the panorama is absolutely marvelous. The hotel is situated on the top of the hill and it is surrounded by deep valleys and thick forests. The facilities are the most modern ones, and the costs are moderate; its good value for your money. The rooms are large and cosy. There are also a gym, a sauna, a swimming pool, a cinema, a bar and a trendy club. The prices are as follows: one single room is 67 euros per night, one suite is 102 euros per night.
I hope that I have been of some assistance to you. Please, do contact us should you need further information. We do hope you will take this opportunity and visit our hotel. Yours sincerely, Michael Moore
Opening paragraph .. .. .. . Main body .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . Closing paragraph .. .. .. .. .

. Transactional Letter of Complaint Most letters of complaint are written in the formal style. Nevertheless, if you write such a letter to a friend in order to complain about poor service, you may need an informal style.
reading
Exercise 6 Read the letter below and identify the style and underline the formal phrases. Dear Sir / Madam, I am writing to express my entire dissatisfaction with your hotel arrangements . I regret to have to call your attention to the poor service in your hotel: rude staff, small stuffy rooms and dirty toilets. In addition, the meals provided by the hotel restaurant were tasteless and lacked variety. We had the same vanilla pudding three days in a row. Furthermore, we could not go to the swimming pool as stated in the advertisement something was wrong with the water pipes. We feel that you should refund our money or offer at least a 30% discount on our next holiday. We look forward to receiving a reply as soon as possible. Yours truthfully,
Corinne Marlow Style : .
writing
Exercise 7 Look at the advertisement and notes below. Write a similar letter of complaint. Use the informal style. Fantastic Summer Camp Come with us and you will have the summer holiday of your life! The initial cost does not include the other activities. Excellent prices!
Rough and uncomfortable. Perfect camping site!
No guide, no coach, no timetables. Exciting trips!
Inappropriate boats. Cruise on the river!
Nothing to see, except deserted areas. Sightseeing tours!
Tel. 021-235-07601 for information
Opening paragraph .. .. . . Main body .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Closing paragraph .. .. .. ..
.. ..
Unitatea de nvare Nr.3 LETTER WRITING III CUPRINS 1. 2. 2.1. 2.2. 3.
UNIT OBJECTIVES BACKGROUND INFORMATION STRUCTURE AND STYLE TYPES OF BUSINESS LETTERS LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
1. UNIT OBJECTIVES
By the end of this unit you will be able to understand the difference between different types of business letters, and to identify the
specific format and style you should use when writing these letters. You will also be able to use the specific structure and layout of business letters in contexts of your own.
2. BACKGROUND INFORMATION
2.1 Structure and style Business letters should include the following structure: Address and date:
a) your address in the top right-hand corner with the date underneath; b) the recipients position, name and address of the firm / institute / organisation / university, etc. on the left-hand side. Appropriate greeting; e.g. Dear Sir / Madam, Dear Mr
Stevenson, Dear Ms Winston, etc; Introduction: it includes opening remarks and the reasons for
writing the letter; Main body: it includes several paragraphs. Each paragraph
deals with a new subject in details; Conclusion: it includes the closing remarks; Appropriate ending: e.g. Yours truthfully / faithfully; Yours
sincerely + your full name. N.B. If you do not know the recipients name you should start your letter with Dear Sir / Madam and end it with Yours truthfully / Yours
faithfully + your full name. If you know the recipients name, you should start the letter with Dear Mr / Mrs / Miss / Ms Green, and end it with Yours sincerely + your full name. Business letters are written in a formal style and include the following characteristics : advanced academic vocabulary; polite expressions and phrases; long sentences; impersonal tone; formal linking phrases / words; factual information; no use of short forms; no use of idioms; no description of personal opinions and feelings. Lets have fun! Q: Whats teachers favourite nation? A: Expla-nation.
stop and think
Exercise 1 Study the examples below and underline the correct phrases to be used in business letters. 1. I am writing to apply for the position of ;Id like to become a secretary. 2. Best wishes / Yours truthfully, Mary Williams; 3. Dear Sir / Madam; Dear Susan Collins; 4. I cant wait to hear from you / I look forward to hearing from you;
5. You can find the necessary references in the envelope / I have enclosed the necessary references; 6. I demand the money back / a full refund; 7. I for one think that you should / I am confident that you should. 8. 2.2 Types of business letters A Letters of Application
When you apply for a job or a training course you should write a letter of application. Useful tips: In the introduction you should include the position you are In the main body you should write several separate paragraphs
applying for, where and when you saw it advertised. including the following information: a) age, present job and education; b) qualifications; c) experience; d) skills that are relevant for the job; e) strengths, weaknesses. In the final paragraph you should give details about the references you can send, where and when you can be contacted for the interview, etc. N.B. Use the present tense when you describe your personality. Use the past tense when you refer to your past studies and experiences. Use the present perfect tense when referring to recent studies / experiences. B Letters making offers
Useful tips: Add any facts which may influence your customer; Point out the specific attractive features of your products (e.g.
they are cheaper than any other products in this domain; they have a special finish. We can offer promotional prices for the first items, etc.) Point out the novelty, the reasonable price, the convenience Include specific information regarding the quantity, price, terms and the ecological characteristics of your products / service; of delivery, terms of payment, insurance information, etc. N.B. It would be useful if could you send your letter together with the catalogue for that specific offer. C Letters making orders
Useful tips: The first paragraph includes the reference to the offer made by The main body should include the complete description of the Pay attention to details: size, material, colour, price, etc; Specify the exact quantity and the exact quality of the goods; Send samples or drawings together with the order; State the time of delivery; The final paragraph should include your hope that the high
the supplier; goods;
quality of the goods / service will lead to further mutual deals. D Letters making complaints
Useful tips:
The first paragraph refers to your complaint and gives details of The main body describes the specific points of your complaint.
the incident (time, place); Each paragraph deals with one specific reason. Be specific about the loss or the inconvenience you have suffered and the adjustment to be made; The final paragraph should explain what your expectations are (apology / full refund / replacement, etc). Be reasonable in your demands. N.B.: If you complain about minor matters you can use a mild tone: e.g. I am writing to draw your attention on ; I do hope you will solve that matter promptly. If you complain about serious matters, you can use a strong tone: e.g. I am writing to express my deep dissatisfaction with your service ; I demand a full refund or I shall be forced to take further action. Regardless of the tone you may choose, make your requests Use a clear and concise style. Adjustment letters firmly; E
Adjustment letters are in reply to complaints. Useful tips: The first paragraph should include an apology or an expression The main body explains the circumstances have which caused
of regret for the inconvenience; the trouble. A new paragraph should include your suggestions of the adjustment you propose (e.g. offer a discount, refund, replacement, etc).
The final paragraph should express your hope that in spite of
the inconvenience, your customer will continue doing business with your company. N.B. Do not insist too much on the justification part. Let the injured Do not take complaints as criticism; Do not be too apologetic; dont be too arrogant; In the closing remark, try to regain the customers goodwill. party decide whether the inconvenience is just a human error.
stop and think
Exercise 2 Study the following extracts and identify the type of letters they are taken from. 1. Although the contract stipulated 20,000 kg fresh bananas, we found that the goods were below the standard quality. Consequently, we cannot accept the shipment. 2. We have enclosed a catalogue with different samples as well as the price for smaller and larger quantities. 3. I have helped my grandparents pick fruit in their orchard every summer holiday. For the past three years I have been a tourist guide for the tourists visiting my town (Saturdays). 4. It is possible that the mistake occurred because of our sales clerks negligence. Compensation will be immediately made. 1 = 2 = 3 = 4 =
3. LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT drills
Exercise 3 Read the advertisement and answer the questions below. We are looking for a young, resourceful university student to join our summer camp. Must be a good organiser, a sociable person, patient with 13 / 15 year-old kids and good at doing sports. Experience is not required. 1. What style would you use: formal or informal? 2. What is the reason for writing this letter? 3. What are the greeting and closing phrases that you should use? 4. Which of the following points should be included in the letter? a b c d e f a b c d e f g your skills; your age; your physical appearance; your past experience; the sports that you practise; your personality; easy-going; funny; reserved; fair; a good leader; athletic; out-going.
3. Which qualities will be in your favour?
4. What type of letter should you write?

1 = .. 2 = .. 3 = .. 4 = .. 5 = .. 6 = .
writing
Exercise 4 Write the following letter of complaint in full, filling each gap with words from the list: forced, writing, in addition, inconvenience, firstly, complain, afford, below, behaviour, appalled. Dear Sir / Madam, I am (1 ) to (2 ) about the faulty deliveries of the wrong goods. (3 ), against out order marked no. 36 / January 12, we received only 3 tones of corn instead of 7 tones. (4 ), the quality of the corn was much (5 ) the standard. To make matters worse, I am (6 ) by your personal assistants (7 ) who simply refused to contact you in order to solve this (8 ). This is the fifth mishandled order, and we cannot (9 ) any more inconveniences of this kind. I demand immediate action, otherwise we will be (10 ) to do business elsewhere.
drills
Exercise 5 Match the opening remarks with the closing remarks and identify the type of letters they are taken from: Opening remarks 1. 2. 3. I am writing to complain about the hair-dryer I purchased I am interested in applying for the position of tourist guide. We thank you for the letter of June 22, about the good and
from your company.
bad points you observed in your first hours of testing our new motorcycles. 4. We would like to order two styles of sports shoes having the following characteristics: . Closing remarks A to you. B C D day. 1 = ; 2 = ; 3 = ; 4 = . Types of letters 1 = 2 = 3 = 4 =
We do hope that this adjustment will prove to be valuable We would like to have the goods delivered on May 9. I demand an immediate replacement or full refund. I am available for an interview any Friday and Saturday
(mornings) and you can contact me on 2356781 after 5 p.m. every
Exercise 6 In English you can use the prefixes (il-, im-, in-, un-, dis-, ir-) in order to give the antonym of certain adjectives. Provide antonyms to the following adjectives using the above-mentioned prefixes. e.g. moral immoral 1. patient 2. legal 4. friendly 6. modest 7. relevant 8. loyal 9. satisfied 10. happy 11. acceptable 12. available .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
3. comfortable .. 5. responsible ..
Exercise 7 Use the correct preposition in order to fill in the gaps below. Identify the type of letter the fragment is taken from. I wish to express my dissatisfaction (1 ) the service I received last weekend when I stayed in your hotel. To start with, despite the fact that I had booked a double room, I was given a single room. Such a thing is appalling (2 ) me. Secondly, the bathroom was dirty and the room service was slow.
In addition, the receptionist had a completely inappropriate attitude (3 ) my remarks. I will not be staying (4 .) your hotel in the future and I will tell all my friends to do the same. Type of letter: ..
writing
Exercise 8 Write a letter of application using the prompts below: shop assistant, Daily News, weekly magazine 17 years old, ambitious, sales domain, opportunity no experience, hard-working, sociable, new people afternoons, weekends available 345217891 Carole MacArthur
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Unitatea de nvare Nr. 4 JOB INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES
CUPRINS 1. 2. 2.1. 2.2. 3. OF OBLIGATION 3.1. UNIT OBJECTIVES TYPES OF JOBS THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT EXPRESSING OBLIGATION / PROHIBITION / LACK JOB DESCRIPTION
3.2. 4. 4.1. 4.2. 4.3. 1. UNIT OBJECTIVES
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT JOB INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES TYPES OF QUESTIONS GENERAL TIPS LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
By the end of this unit you will be able to identify the most successful techniques used during a job interview, using specific grammar structures and phrases. You will also be able to make a job description and to use the specific vocabulary in contexts of your own. Moreover, you will learn some useful tips before the interview so that you would be able to manage during the job interview and get the job.
2. TYPES OF JOBS
2.1. The indefinite article We use the indefinite article a / an in front of jobs as in the example below: I am an engineer She is a carpenter He is a travel agent. 2.2. Language development
drills
Exercise 1 Look at the following jobs and use I am a/ an in front of each job. Provide the rule. Write your answer in the space below. Then see the solutions in the Answer key section at the end of this unit. manicurist. businessman, housewife, opera singer, bank worker, teacher, gardener, florist, hairdresser, secretary, photographer, waitress, flight-attendant, electrician, plumber, piano tuner, mechanic, antique dealer, broker, optician, solicitor, driver, actor. .
listening
Exercise 2 For this activity see Students book, ex.1, tapescript 14, page 27. Listen and fill in the gaps using a, an or the, where necessary. Then see the solutions in the Answer key section.
speaking
Exercise 3 Express how you need to be in order to do the following jobs. Choose from the words below. Work with a partner. Write your answers in the space below and then see possible solutions in the Answer key section. sociable, imaginative, a quick thinker, sensitive, caring, careful, brave, young, tough, reliable, patient, organised. Jobs: interior designer, florist, doctor, builder, fire-fighter, secretary, manager. .. ..
drills
Exercise 4 Read the sentences and fill in the correct adjective from the list below. Then see the correct solutions in the Answer key section. creative, patient, friendly, intelligent, polite, accurate, courageous, persuasive 1. Interior designers should be very
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Fire-fighters have to be.. as they have a very dangerous job. Surgeons should be extremely. and never make mistakes. Scholars have to be in order to understand intricate phenomena. Advertisers need to be to make people buy the products. Shop assistants have to be .. even if they might deal with fussy customers. Teachers need to be especially when students take a longer time to understand the new information. Receptionists have to be in order to make guests stay as pleasant as possible.
speaking
Exercise 5 Which of these do you think are the most important in a job? Underline the five most important and the one least important thing. Then see possible solutions in the Answer key section. company car, chances of promotion, flexible schedule, canteen, pleasant working atmosphere, comfortable working conditions, good pay, job security, travelling, training, nice colleagues, perks, sociable boss, much free time, freedom, responsibility, challenging job, health insurance, good pension, working in a famous company
listening
Exercise 6 For this activity see Students book, ex.1, tapescript 60, page 113. Listen to the interview and choose the correct verb form. Then see the correct solutions in the Answer key section.
3. EXPRESSING OBLIGATION, PROHIBITION OR LACK OF OBLIGATION

3.1.Job Descriptions Obligation Structures must + short inf. Examples You must do your duty.
have to have got to should + Pres. Inf. ought (to) + Pres. Inf.
You have to obey your boss. You have got to attend the meeting tomorrow. You should be more punctual. You ought to work long hours.
Have to expresses external obligation Must expresses obligation imposed by the speaker. Prohibition Structures mustnt + short inf. cant + short inf. to be not to Examples You mustnt miss the meeting. You cant enter this room.(you are not allowed to enter this room). You are not to use the companys car(it is against the rules.)
Lack of obligation Structures neednt + short inf. dont have to 3.2. Language development Examples You neednt write this memo You dont have to print this.
drills
Exercise 7 Match the appropriate person for each situation. Write the answers in the space below. Then see the solutions in the Answer key section. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 You test peoples eyes. You teach people how to drive a car. You build houses You write articles in newspapers You fix leaking taps You put out fires You fix cars You take photos You do the housechores You do the letters a a builder b a plumber c a teacher d a piano tuner e an optician f a secretary g a journalist h a teacher i a fire-fighter j a photographer
0 1 1 1 2
You instruct children
a mechanic a housemaid
You make pianos sound l right
1 = ; 2 = ; 3 = ; 4 = ; 5 = ; 6 = ; 7 = ; 8 = ; 9 = ; 10 = ; 11 = ; 12 =
writing
Exercise 8 Rewrite the flowing sentences using the word in capitals. Then see the solutions in the Answer key section. 1. You have to hand in this paper by next Monday. MUST 2. There is no need to write this in pencil. HAVE 3.I t isnt necessary for you to work long hours. NEED. 4. Its not right that bosses are allowed to shout at their employees. SHOULD.. 5. Its important to solve this matter soon. OUGHT 6. It is obligatory for secretaries to be careful. HAVE 7. Its against the rules to use the companys car. ARE ..
drills
Exercise 9 Choose the best alternative to fill each gap. Then see the solutions in the Answer key section. 1. A doctor is a person who has to ..patients. a. treat; b. talk to; c. see 2. All the members of our . are expected to work hard. a. personnel; b. gang; c. band 3. An actor is required to ......... a. repeat his lines; b. to be patient; c. to solve problems.
4. A trainee has to do several months a. education; b. training; c. coaching 5. Applicants have to .. an application form. a. fill down; b. fill on; c. fill in 6. I have all the necessary . to get this position. a. degrees; b. qualifications; c. certificates 7. If you want this job you have to for it. a. demand; b. request; c. apply
speaking
Exercise 10 Work with a partner and decide what you have to do in the following jobs. Write your answers in the space below. Then see possible solutions in the Answer key section. a dentist, a secretary, a teacher, a school caretaker, a priest, a babysitter.
4. JOB INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES

4.1. Types of Questions Yes and No questions Are you an engineer? Does she work as a sales agent? Can you type this letter?
N.B. The word order is: auxiliary + subject+ verb. Wh questions What do you need to be a good bank worker? Where can I find a reliable job? When is the interview? Which skills do you need to have for this position/ Whose application is this?
Why do you want to change your job? How long are you going to stay with the company?
N.B. The word order is: question word + auxiliary + subject t+ verb Questions for the applicant Why do you want this job? What kind of experience do you have for this job? What qualities do you think will be required for this job? What can you contribute? Why do you want to work for this company? What do you know about the company? What interests you about our service (product)? What can the new company offer that your company cannot offer? Why are you leaving your present position? How long would you stay with the company? Which are your biggest accomplishments? Can you work under pressure? Are you a good team-worker? How much money do you want? What would you like to be doing five years from now?
Questions to ask the interviewer What will be my responsibilities? Who will I report to? Where does he/she fit in the company structure? Who will report to me? What will be my salary? Will I be given free days for working long-hours? Is there a company canteen for lunch breaks? Will travelling be required in this position? What do you expect me to do in the first 6 months? What training do you provide? What level of performance do you expect from me? Where is the company going? Upwards? Expansion plans? When will you decide on the appointment? What is the next step?
4.2. General tips

Have a positive attitude. Re-read you application. Prepare answers to possible questions.
Prepare proper questions to ask. Show interest in the company and position. Find out everything you can about the company. Have a clear sense of purpose. Use convincing ideas. Be motivated. Dress smartly. Dont be arrogant. Leave home earlier. Job interview body language: give out the right signals. Never lie. Do not slouch in your chair
4.3. Language development drillss

Exercise 11 Fill in a word in order to ask grammatical questions. Then see the solutions in the Answer key section. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. you drive a car? ...... time is the interview? ...do I start work? much money do I get? .. do I need to be a good interpreter? .. is the managers office? you aware of the responsibilities of this position? are you leaving your present job? ... will I report to? .. experienced is she?
speaking
Exercise 12 Work with a partner: look at he picture below and express the good points that could make the applicant be given the job. Write your answers in the space below and then see the possible solutions in the Answer key section.
.. . .
5. SAA
You will have to spend about 45 minutes for this assignment, provided you have completed all the tasks required by the unit. Use the information above as well as the bibliography included in this unit. The assessment criteria will focus on the following requirements: the identification of successful interview techniques (55%), and the appropriate use of these techniques in contexts of your own (45%). Send the assignment by post to your tutor. A. Identify which of the following questions should be answered by the applicant and which ones should be answered by the interviewer. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Why do you want this job? Who will report to me? Who will I report to? What can you contribute? Can you work under pressure? What training do you provide? How much money do you expect? What will be my salary? What do you know about the company? Is there a company canteen?
B. Read the following interview and underline the typical questions that may be asked during an interview. Interviewer: Good morning. Whats your name? Applicant: Good morning. My name is Steve Jameson. Interviewer: Sit down, Mr Jameson. How old are you? Applicant: I am 34 years old. Interviewer: Are you married, Mr. Jameson?
Applicant: Yes, I am. My wifes name is Sandra and we have three children: a girl and two boys. Interviewer: What are the childrens names and ages? Applicant: Hellen is 3, and the twins are 5. Interviewer: Why do you want this job, Mr. Jameson? Applicant: I think my qualifications are appropriate for this type of job. Interviewer: What can you contribute? Applicant: In my previous position I have coordinated the R & D department . Interviewer: Why do you want to work in this company? Applicant: I have read a lot about your company and I know that you pay much attention on the quality of your personnel and of your services. Interviewer: Any questions? Applicant: Well, I have a few questions. First of all

Letter Writing Guide

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Letter Writing Guide

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Conf. Univ. Dr.

Unitatea de nvare Nr.1 LETTER WRITING I

Centrul de nvmnt la Distan, Facultatea de Litere, Universitatea din Bucureti

stop and think

I am sorry I couldnt write lately. I have been so busy

Centrul de nvmnt la Distan, Facultatea de Litere, Universitatea din Bucureti

stop and think

stop and think

Proverb Familiarity breeds contempt.

3. LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT drills

writing h. beginning a letter i. congratulating a friend on passing his/her driving test

No news is good news.

Centrul de nvmnt la Distan, Facultatea de Litere, Universitatea din Bucureti

bought from you last week.

again in the future.

make up for my absence.

Centrul de nvmnt la Distan, Facultatea de Litere, Universitatea din Bucureti

Centrul de nvmnt la Distan, Facultatea de Litere, Universitatea din Bucureti

Unitatea de nvare Nr. 2 LETTER WRITING II - TRANSACTIONAL LETTERS

Proverb Chance favours the prepared mind.

stop and think

Native English speakers? Professional teachers!

How much exactly?

Cheap teaching materials!

What kind of audio or visual aids? Modern teaching approaches!

Come and join us! Phone number: 009-001-34578

Centrul de nvmnt la Distan, Facultatea de Litere, Universitatea din Bucureti

2.2 Reported questions

Centrul de nvmnt la Distan, Facultatea de Litere, Universitatea din Bucureti

Centrul de nvmnt la Distan, Facultatea de Litere, Universitatea din Bucureti

3. TYPES OF TRANSACTIONAL LETTERS

Centrul de nvmnt la Distan, Facultatea de Litere, Universitatea din Bucureti

Centrul de nvmnt la Distan, Facultatea de Litere, Universitatea din Bucureti

Opening paragraph .. .. .. . Main body .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . Closing paragraph .. .. .. .. .

Corinne Marlow Style : .

Rough and uncomfortable. Perfect camping site!

No guide, no coach, no timetables. Exciting trips!

Inappropriate boats. Cruise on the river!

Centrul de nvmnt la Distan, Facultatea de Litere, Universitatea din Bucureti

Nothing to see, except deserted areas. Sightseeing tours!

Tel. 021-235-07601 for information

Opening paragraph .. .. . . Main body .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Unitatea de nvare Nr.3 LETTER WRITING III CUPRINS 1. 2. 2.1. 2.2. 3.

stop and think

Centrul de nvmnt la Distan, Facultatea de Litere, Universitatea din Bucureti

the supplier; goods;

Centrul de nvmnt la Distan, Facultatea de Litere, Universitatea din Bucureti

The final paragraph should express your hope that in spite of

stop and think

3. LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT drills

3. Which qualities will be in your favour?

4. What type of letter should you write?

Centrul de nvmnt la Distan, Facultatea de Litere, Universitatea din Bucureti

from your company.

(mornings) and you can contact me on 2356781 after 5 p.m. every

Centrul de nvmnt la Distan, Facultatea de Litere, Universitatea din Bucureti

Unitatea de nvare Nr. 4 JOB INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES

Centrul de nvmnt la Distan, Facultatea de Litere, Universitatea din Bucureti

3.2. 4. 4.1. 4.2. 4.3. 1. UNIT OBJECTIVES

Centrul de nvmnt la Distan, Facultatea de Litere, Universitatea din Bucureti

3. EXPRESSING OBLIGATION, PROHIBITION OR LACK OF OBLIGATION

Centrul de nvmnt la Distan, Facultatea de Litere, Universitatea din Bucureti