STATISTIK TUGAS UJI HOMOGENITAS DAN CHI-SQUARE 1. 12.

10) the following table presents data on 100 pregnant women and their smoking status before and after pregnancy. Determine whether there is a relationship between pregnancy and smoking status A 2 X 2 Table of Smoking Status Before and After Pregnancy Before Pregnancy After Pregnancy Total Smoker Non smoker Non smoker 5 (a) 55 (b) 60 Smoker 20 (c) 20 (d) 40 Total 25 75 100

PEMBAHASAN Ho : Tidak ada perbedaan perokok/bukan perokok pada saat sebelum dan sesudah kehamilan Ha : Ada perbedaan perokok/bukan perokok pada saat sebelum dan sesudah kehamilan = 0.05 df = (2-1).(2-1) = 1
*( ( )( *( ( )( )( )( ) ( )+ )( ) ( )( ) ) )+

Uji statistik dengan :

= 24.5 ... Pv = < 0.001

Keputusan uji Pv < ... Ho ditolak Kesimpulan : Ada perbedaan signifikan perokok/bukan perokok pada saat sebelum dan sesudah kehamilan 2. 12.11) a public health screening survey provided the following data on the relationship between smoking and lung cancer Lung cancer Total Smoking status Present present Present Nonsmoker 1 {7.299} 6,700 {3.625} 6,701 {3.477} 14.401 Smoker 20 {13.701} 3,729 {6.804} 3,299 {6.523} 27.028 Total 21 10.429 10,000 41.429 Determine the strength of the association between smoking and lung cancer by Computing the relative risk (RR) of a smokers developing cancer. PEMBAHASAN Ho : Tidak ada hubungan antara merokok dan kanker paru Ha : Ada hubungan antara merokok dan kanker paru = 0.05

df = (3-1).(2-1) = 2 Uji statistik dengan :

( ) ( ( ) ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

= 16.91 ... Pv = <0.001 Keputusan Uji Pv < ... Ho ditolak Kesimpulan : Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara merokok dan kanker paru 3. 12.16) a study was done to examine predictors of readiness to change smoking behavior in a predominatly African American community. Barriers to quitting smoking were examined for association between races. One of the barriers examined was boredom. Residents in the community were asked whether boredom would be a problem, and therefore a barrier to quitting, should the respondent quit smoking. The respondents were divided into two groups-african americans and whites/others and the results are shown in the 2x2 table that follows. Based on these data, is there a relationship betweenrace and boredom as a barrier to quitting smoking ? Ethnicity Total Boredom would Be a African American White/Other Problem if stopped N=268 N=111 smoking Yes 75 (a) 51 (b) 126 No 193 (c) 60 (d) 253 Total 268 111 379 Note : These data were extrapolated and based on the study by tessaro et al. (1997) PEMBAHASAN Ho : Tidak ada perbedaan antara ras dan rasa bosan sebagai halangan untuk berhenti merokok Ha : Ada perbedaan antara ras dan rasa bosan sebagai halangan untuk berhenti merokok = 0.05 df = (2-1).(2-1) = 1
*( ( )( *( ( )( )( )( ) ( )+ )( ) ( )( ) )+ )

Uji statistik dengan :

= 12.233 ... Pv = < 0.001

Keputusan uji Pv < ... Ho ditolak Kesimpulan : Ada perbedaan signifikan antara ras dan rasa bosan sebagai halangan untuk berhenti merokok

4. 12.18) A study investigated dietary differences between low-income African American women and low-income white women. One dietary practice examined was the consumption of mutagen-containing meats (defined as a serving of any meat that has been smoked, grilled, or fried). Based on the following table. Is there any reason to believe that there are differences between low-income African American women and low-income white women with respect to their consumption of mutagen-containing meats ? Mutagen containing meats Total Race 0-1 servings per 2-3 servings per 4 or more day day servings per day African American 68 {77.21} 36 {29.57} 11 {8.22} 115 White 73 {63.79} 18 {24.43} 4 {6.78} 95 Total 141 54 15 210 Note : these data were extrapolated and based on cox (1994) PEMBAHASAN Ho : Tidak ada perbedaan antara ras dan mengkonsumsi daging yang terkontaminasi mutagen Ha : Ada perbedaan antara ras dan mengkonsumsi daging yang terkontaminasi mutagen = 0.05 df = (3-1).(2-1) = 2 Uji statistik dengan :
( ) ( ( ) ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

= 7.596 ... Pv = 0.05 > Pv > 0.01 Keputusan Uji Pv < ... Ho ditolak Kesimpulan : Ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara ras dan mengkonsumsi daging yang terkontaminasi mutagen 5. 12.19) A study was conducted to assess the relationship between syphilis and HIV infection in injection drug users in the Bronx,New York. One Part of the study examined the relationship between the incidence and prevalence of syphilis and whether the drug user was involved with Paid Sex. A 2 x 2 table was developed as shown here Syphillis Cases Total Paid sex Positive negative Yes 16 (a) 137 (b) 153 No 19 (c) 618 (d) 637 Total 35 755 790 Note : these data were extrapolated and based on Gourevitch et al. (1996) a. Based on the data in this table, calculate the odds ratio b. After calculating the odds ratio, explain the results.

PEMBAHASAN Ho : Tidak ada hubungan antara pekerja sex dengan kasus syphillis Ha : Ada hubungan antara pekerja sex dengan kasus syphillis = 0.05 df = (2-1).(2-1) = 1
*( ( ( )( *( )( )( )( ) ( )+ )( ) ( )( ) )+ )

Uji statistik dengan :

= 14.56 ... Pv = < 0.001

Keputusan uji Pv < ... Ho ditolak Kesimpulan : Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pekerja sex dengan kasus syphillis