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AI vision 1940 A computer may one day be able to have a conversation with a human (the Turing test)

One hypothesis for consciousness: Collaborating agents:

A sufficiently complex system will developed conciseness, consciousness is a side effect of complexity 100.000.000.000 (100 billions) brain cells communicating (1000 connections for each cell) is sufficient.

?
When a human is unable to decide if the other is a computer or a human. Is this sufficient to prove Intelligence ? And what is consciousness?

Every cell is a small autonomous living entity with a limited and small intelligence Together they develop conscious.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Definition of Artificial Intelligence

Hard AI: A computer can simulate, not only mimic human Intelligence ; - this implies that the brain is nothing else than a very advanced computer that we do not (jet) fully understand.
Marvin Minsky, MIT

1. What is AI, definition and use today? 2. Goal, vision, reality and consequences.

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Definition of Artificial Intelligence

Soft AI:

Why is AI an important research topic?

We

Methods and techniques to build smart computer systems solving practical problems. Do not need to be similar to human intelligence and their ways of thinking. Heuristics (experience, knowledge, rules of thum, not always precise answers) methods and thechniques.

learn more about our selves. day devices and tools are getting more useful. They are starting to get smart . Longing after sharing responsibility (?). Raising important philosophical and sociological questions (e.g. coexisting with AIs as intelligent as we or much more intelligent).
Every

AI programs?
Standard programming:
The programmer translates knowledge needed to solve a specific task into code. This is a craftsmanship. The program is only able to do solve the problems the programmer thought of.
AI programming:
Separates knowledge and how knowledge is used. (Prolog programs may be run backwards). Possible to write programs modifying their own code (PROLOG, LISP). 10 lines C code 1 line Prolog code, good for building prototypes The program is able to solve problems within some given framework, that the programmer did not anticipate in details.

Melting pot for new ideas

Philosophy

how does a human reason rationally ; model of learning; Computer Science programs repeating procedures Linguistics understand and translate nautral languages My cat is ill? -> closest vet located Biology evolution: the fittest survives Neurology brain cells and programs
Psychology The

research is called Artificial Intelligence sedan 1958 (sedan Dortmund conference)

Where is AI used today?

Medical

diagnosis systems (expert system, Mycin 1970). Fault detection in cars, computers, air plains, Control systems in washing machines, dish washers (fuzzy logic) Speech understanding bank services/ computer/number information/verbal remote control I industrial robots Decision support (geology, technical problems, stock market etc.) Embedded in toys Intelligent search engines for the web Games (board games, artificial opponents, AI-bot, ), RoboCup

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

1. What is AI, definition and use today? 2. Goal, vision, reality and consequences.

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Media (films, books, newspapers, TV give people a vision, bad or good) AI vision 1968: A computer is able to play chess better than a human, able to se and have a conversation

entities with limited intelligence able to perform simple task and have limited intelligence

Autonom

AI Vision 1980

Movie: 2001 av Kubrik 1968

Movie: The fifth element

Reality: Intelligent (autonomous) Agents

Brain, with AI? Batteries Sensors Wheels Rymdsonder p stort avstnd, rddningsenheter, smarta dammsugare

Vision: Emerging creativity and consciousness

Entities developing conciseness, creativity and with a desire to become humans (Pinocchio). Movie: bicentennial man 1999

Vision: computers with emotions

A

Vision: outperforming humans

AI

computer that has emotions, modes and survival instinct?

entities smarter than humans living in the sam (viritual) world

AI by Kubrik, director Spilberg (2002)

In AI feelings are programmed to make communication with humans easier.

KISMET (Broks) mimics facial expressions

In some areas computer outperforms us already today, a human can not calculate as fast as at calculator, chess computers beat us, etc. Also the creation of virtual realities (games) are quickly getting as real as reality. Human senses area easy to trick, sometimes it is difficult to know if event is re4al or something we saw in a movie, read in a book or suggested us to believe (false memories are common).

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Vision: Ethical robots

Three Rules of Robotics: First Law: A robot may not injure a human or, through inaction, allow a human to come to harm. Second Law: A robot must obey the orders of a human except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. Third Law: A robot must protect its existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws.
Asimov's Robot novels: I, Robot, The Caves of Steel, and The Naked Sun.

Media gives us a dark vision Is this a reason for the declining interest in research and technology?

Not that easy Asimov points at some problems in his books, e.g. if their existence harms humanity?

Intelligence without feelings or moral will become humanities end. A psychopath may be very successful

Vision: Self emerging Intelligence ?

Internet

Vision: Entities 1000 times more intelligent than a human

Ian Banks, Scottish author (every second book is a SF)

is growing fast one day 100 billon reasonable powerful computers in a network. Is it possible that internet emerges intelligence and consciousness with the right sort of trigger/ virus, (..smarter than humanity, moral, ethics?).

A society where humans live side by side with entities 1-1000 times human intelligence

Vision: Cyborg, mixture of human and machine

Extra

Reality: Brain and computers connected.

Movie: Robocop, 1987)

functions: vision, memory, seende, upload programs (Matrix) Visual cortex has a matrix implanted and a real programmers have a socket behind the ear (Neuromancer) Move the brain to a new mechanical body

Research

connecting brain to computer already ongoing, hearing for hearing disabled, camera for blind, cursor movement for disabled What is consciousness? If we create consiusness, do ve have the right to switch it off?

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Why Intelligent Systems & Artificial Intelligence

AI

is an research area that rises many essential questions about intelligence, ethics and consciousness and its consequences for society and humankind.
Research

A different approach, to make a leap, lateral thinking, multi-paradigmal

and use of AI adds ethical aspects to research and implementation.

Industry is aware of the potential and invests in AI research AI methods and techniques have proven to be successful in many applications Potential for a leap and large improvements/savings where other methods/techniques are stuck

Example of prac-cal use

A dumb robot is packing phones. - Traditionally, all abnormal situations are avoided - AI: develop a program that makes the robot more flexible.

uSolve problems the programmer has not thought of in detail. uImprove its skills based on own experience. uAbility to use others experience.