2.1 Translation CHAPTER 2 : TRANSFORMATION I, II 1.

Translation is a transformation that moves all the points on a plane through the same distance and in the same direction. C 2. Properties of a translation 6 a) the shape, size and orientation of the object and 6 the image are the same 6 in the same direction b) every point is moved through the same distance and h 4 3. A translation is usually expressed in the form , where h represents the horizontal k 4 4 movement parallel to the x-axis and k represents the vertical movement parallel to 2 2 the y- axis C 2 C y Example 1 Exercise : i) Draw the image for each of the following object. H y ii) State the coordinates of the image for each of the points under the given translation. 6 3 H 1. Translation 0 A
4 4

2
O 2 4

B 6
6 x

4
i) A is mapped onto B under a 4 translation 2 or each point in triangle A is moved 4 units to the right followed by 2 uints downwards ii) Under the same translation, image of H is H(7,5). 2 2. Translation 1

2
O

4 )

Answer : A( 3. Translation y
4 2

y 6 B
4

C 6 4 4 A 2

2
O 2 4

Answer: y

x 6 4 units to the right

O Answer:

2 4. Translation 14 4 6

yY

4
2 -4

22

A'

44
-4 -2 -2 0 A' C 2 0 2 4 A' 4

-2-2 4 2 A 4 Translation: Translation

Transformation I,II

-4-4

i) Choose atyleast two corresponding points 3 image. between object and 5. Translation ii) Count the number 0 of units to move to the right or6left, then the number of units to D move upwards or downwards. iii) The vector of translation is 4 x x A 25 units A' 1 downward x 4 Translation: 4Translation 2 4 6

y 4 2
5. -4

A'

4y 4

4
-2 0 2 4

6. -4 -4

4 4

2 2
-2 -2

A
2 4 4

A'

0y

-2
-4

A'

4 0 -2 -2 2
-4 -4 0

x x

4
-4 -2

-2 Translation:
-4

Translation :

Translation : 2.2 Reflection Reflection is a transformation which reflects all the points on a plane in a line called the axis of reflection. Properties of reflection : i) the shape and size of the object and its image are the same .(congruent) ii) the orientation of the image is laterally inverted compared to the object. iii) the position of any point lying on the axis of reflection does not change.

4 A ' -2 -2 -4 2 0 A A

P y =1 x P'

In the diagram: A' is the image of A under a reflection of y axis or x = 0 P is the image of P under reflection of line y =1

-4 4

2.2.1 To determine the image under a reflection Draw and label the image under a reflection for each of the following.

Transformation I,II

Example :

y 4 A' 2 A

Exercise: 1.

y 4 2

4
-4 -2 0 2 4

x
-4

4
-2 0 2 4

-2
-4

-2
-4

Axis of reflection
2

Axis of reflection FFF

3

Y 4 2 P

4
-4 -2 0 2 4

4
X

-2
-4

2.2.2 To determine the axis of reflection Example: Draw the axis of reflection

Exercise 1.

Transformation I,II

B'

axis of reflection 2. 3

C A A

4
C'

D'

2.2.3 State the axis of reflection. Example: y

Exersice 1 4 2

4 2
4

4
2 4

-4

-2

-4 4

-2 -2 -4

-2
-4 Axis of reflection : x = 2 y 2. Axis of reflection : 3 y

6
4

6
4 4 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

2 0

x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Axis of reflection :

Axis of reflection :

Transformation I,II

Transformation I,II

2.3 Rotation A rotation is a transformation which rotates all the points on a plane : C about a fixed point (known as centre of rotation) through a given angle in the clockwise or anticlockwise direction. P

Centre Angle Direction

A D

O P'

The diagram shows that P is mapped onto P through a rotation about O of an angle in clockwise direction

The properties of rotation : i) the shape of the object and the image are the same ii) the size of the object and image are the same iii) the orientation of object and image remain the same iv) the centre of rotation is the only point that does not change its position. Since full rotation is 3600 90 clockwise = 2700 anticlockwise 2700 clockwise = 900 anticlockwise 1800 clockwise = 1800 clockwise ( for a rotation 1800 it is not necessary to mention the direction of rotation) Example : Exercise Draw the image of M under a Rotation of 900 Draw the image for each of the object clockwise about A. under the rotation given :
0

y 6 6
A

4
2

4
2
O A 2

90 M'
4 6 O 2 4 6

1. Rotation of 900 anticlockwise about A

2. Rotation of 1800 anticlockwise about H. y

yy y 44 4 Q R A

3. Rotation of 900 clockwise A. A aboutB y yy y

A B 6 6 6 6 B 2 2 B Q S 4 Q B A R2 B 4 44 44 4 C Q 4 4 44 4 H P xx x xx x y B A -4 -4 -4 -2 -2 -2 0 0 0 2 2 2 4 4 4 -4 -4 -4 -2 -2 -2 0 0 0 2 2 2 4 4 4 P Q C 2 Q4 C 2 2 2B AP P 2 A Scale factor, kD can be calculate by A B 22 2 MA Area under enlargement Q -2 -2 -2 R -2 -2 Triangle PQR ismage the image of Transformation I,IIP 6 2 length of=side-2 of C For any enlargement with factor k. of B triangle PQR under an scale enlargement Centre length of side of object x D Perpendicular 22 44 6 00 2 2 44 66 A x R 2 6 x x x 0y 4 6 7 0 2 2 4 6 = 2 S x C 0O T Area of image = k area of object P B 6B R P A R y C A y T A y with and scale 2x R 2 R Oy 4 R Ocentre O 2 B 2 4 4 factor 6B 6 (k) = k = A bisectors x x S -4 -4 -4 -4-4 -4
4

A P 44 4 B D C 6 4 66 B 66 M 2 2 2 44 C A D C C 44 4 A C A P ' R ' B 4 4 4 4 C 4 4 k = PQ P A 4 44

Transformation I,II