ATOMIC STRUCTURE

COMBINED SCIENCE 5129

THE PERIODIC TABLE

INTERPRETING SYMBOLS Mass Number

28

Proton Number

14

Si

Symbol of the Element

THE PERIODIC TABLE

USING THE INFORMATION
No. of Protons + No. of Neutrons

Mass Number

28

No. of Protons No. of Electrons

Proton Number

14

Si
3

THE PERIODIC TABLE

USING THE INFORMATION

28

14

Si

No. of Protons = No. of Electrons = No. of Neutrons = No. of Neutrons =

14 14 28 - 14 14

ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE
USING THE INFORMATION FROM PERIODIC TABLE
No. of Protons + No. of Neutrons

28

No. of Electrons

No. of Protons

14

Si
5

USE FOR ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE

USING THE INFORMATION FROM PERIODIC TABLE

ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE

28

14

Si

14p 14n

No. of Electrons
Electronic conguration (e.c)

e.c of Si = 2, 8, 4

ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE
USING THE INFORMATION
Electronic structure tell us: Period Number
14p 14n No. of shells present

Group Number
No. of electrons in final shell

Stability 28 14

Si

Full final shell - Stable/Unreactive

e.c of Si = 2, 8, 4

ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE
USING THE INFORMATION
Electronic structure tell us: Period Number
14p 14n

3 4

Group Number Stability

Not Stable
Final (Valence) shell not fully occupied.

28 14

Si

e.c of Si = 2, 8, 4
8

ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE
USING THE INFORMATION
Period Number
18p 22n

3 8
Stable

Group Number Stability

Final (Valence) shell fully occupied.

40 18

Ar

p = 18 e = 18 n = 40 - 18 = 22

e.c of Ar = 2, 8, 8
9

ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE
USING THE INFORMATION
Period Number
19p 20n

4 1
Unstable

Group Number Stability

Final (Valence) shell not fully occupied.

39 19

p = 19 e = 19 n = 39 - 19 = 20

e.c of K = 2, 8, 8, 1
10

ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE
FROM UNSTABLE TO STABLE
+

19p 20n

19p 20n

39 19

39
e.c of K = 2, 8, 8, 1

19

e.c of K = 2, 8, 8
11

ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE
USING THE INFORMATION
Period Number Group Number Stability

3 5
Unstable

15p 16n

Final (Valence) shell not fully occupied.

31 15

p = 15 e = 15 n = 31 - 15 = 16

e.c of P = 2, 8, 5
12

ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE
FROM UNSTABLE TO STABLE
-3

15p 16n

15p 16n

31 15

31
e.c of P = 2, 8, 5

15

3-

e.c of P = 2, 8, 8
13

3-

ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE
FROM UNSTABLE TO STABLE Elements from Group IV Group V Elements from Group I Group II Group III
Lose electrons to be stable Become Positive Ions

Elements from Group VI Group VII

Gain electrons to be stable Become Negative Ions

IONIC BONDING
14

ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE
FROM UNSTABLE TO STABLE Elements from Group IV Group V
Share electrons to be stable

Elements from Group I Group II Group III

Elements from Group VI Group VII

Share electrons to be stable

COVALENT BONDING
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REACTIVITY SERIES
COMBINED SCIENCE 5129

16

THE REACTIVITY SERIES REACTIVITY OF METALS, CARBON & HYDROGEN

Potassium Sodium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium Carbon Zinc Iron Lead Hydrogen Copper Silver Gold Platinum

MOST REACTIVE

LEAST REACTIVE
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THE REACTIVITY SERIES REACTIVITY OF METALS, CARBON & HYDROGEN

Form very stable compounds Potassium Sodium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium Carbon Zinc Iron Lead Hydrogen Copper Silver Form very unstable compounds Gold Platinum Prefer to exist as pure elements.

MOST REACTIVE

LEAST REACTIVE
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THE REACTIVITY SERIES REACTIVITY OF METALS, CARBON & HYDROGEN

Potassium Sodium Calcium Magnesium Any elements above another in the Reactivity Series is capable of displacing it from its compound. Aluminium Carbon Zinc Iron Lead Hydrogen Copper Silver Gold Platinum

MOST REACTIVE

LEAST REACTIVE
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THE REACTIVITY SERIES REACTIVITY OF METALS, CARBON & HYDROGEN

MOST REACTIVE Potassium Sodium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium Carbon Zinc Iron Lead Hydrogen Copper Silver Gold LEAST REACTIVE Platinum Reactivity Example Exercises Zinc Oxide + Copper Oxide + Carbon Hydrogen Iron Oxide + Aluminium Calcium Oxide + Magnesium Silver Nitrate + Magnesium + Sulphate Lead Nitrate + Iron Sulphate + Copper Sulphate + Copper Calcium Iron Lead Iron
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THE REACTIVITY SERIES REACTIVITY OF GROUP I METALS

THE ALKALI METALS
Lithium Any elements higher up in the group is capable of displacing lower elements from its compound. Sodium Potassium Rubidium Caesium Francium MOST REACTIVE LEAST REACTIVE

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THE REACTIVITY REACTIVITY SERIES OF GROUP VII NON-METALS

THE HALOGENS
Fluorine Any elements higher up in the group is capable of displacing lower elements from its compound. Chlorine Bromine Iodine Astatine LEAST REACTIVE MOST REACTIVE

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THE REACTIVITY REACTIVITY SERIES OF GROUP VII NON-METALS

Reactivity Example Exercises Chlorine + MOST REACTIVE Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine LEAST REACTIVE Astatine Potassium Bromide Potassium Astatine + Iodide Calcium Bromine + Chloride Fluorine Iodine Sodium + Bromide + Potassium Bromide

Sodium Iodide Calcium Bromine + Astatide Potassium Iodine + Fluoride Chlorine +

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