STI COLLEGE MEYCAUAYAN

COMPUTER SHOP

by: Ephraim V. Termulo Mark Joseph B.Gumafelix John Darwin A. Apuyan

Engr.Mark Vergel G.Masangkay CoE Instructor

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SEPTEMBER 14, 2011

September 2011 INTRODUCTION:

Computer shop, also known as a computer game, is a video game played on a personal computer, rather than on a video game console or arcade machine. PC games have evolved from the simple graphics to a wide range of more visually advanced titles. PC games are created by one or more game developers, often in conjunction with other specialists (such as game artists) and either published independently or through a third party publisher. They may then be distributed on physical media such as DVDs and CDs, as Internet-downloadable, possibly freely redistributable, software, or through online delivery services such as Direct2Drive and Steam. PC games often require specialized hardware in the user's computer in order to play, such as a specific generation of graphics processing unit or an Internet connection for online play, although these system requirements vary from game to game. In this project, Computer Shop, we build our own miniture of computer shop that present the number of people that enter to your shop and lights every pc depend in the people thats enter and if you go outside the light will take off. Ics or Integrated Circuits are a must in making this device possible. Logic involves and research is a great help. Computer shop is good and decent business but by doing this project you will learn logic.

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OBJECTIVE:
To deepen our logic in analyzing and understanding of all ICs given and their relations in working in our computer shop. To familiarized ourselves with IR Diode and Phototransistor applications.

MATERIALS:
Integrated Circuits (with Datasheets) 74190(Synchronous Decade Counter) 7447 (7-Segment Decoder and Driver) 7410 (Triple 3-Input and NAND Gate) 7432 (Quad 2-Input OR Gate) 7404(HEX Inverter) 555 timer (NE555) 7442 (Decade counter) 7402 (BCD to Decimal 1 of 10 Decoder) 7414 (Hex Schmitt Trigger) 7805 (Regulator)

Other Components

Capacitor Trimmer Resistor (5k) LED(5mm) Resistor(100, 220 ) Push button switch Headers and Connecting Wires and Wires
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PCB(Pre-sensitize) Sensor (IR diode and Phototransistor)

Other devices, tools and materials Power Supply Breadboard Multimeter PCB Drill Soldering Iron and Desoldering pump Soldering paste or Flux Panel Circuit Board Feric Chloride and Lead

PROCEDURES:

1. Analyze the given problem (you can use PROTEUS 7.5 or Circuit Wizard or any circuit simulators). RESEARCH is a must in this kind of project. You must have many references like datasheets and sample circuit application of particular devices. 2. After the virtual analyzation you must have the components or devices for actual analysis. Check every components and devices before applying it into the breadboard according to the schematic diagram. (By applying the diagram into the breadboard you will see the real working devices that are sometimes unreal in simulators. But we advice apply the circuit in a PCB or Universal PCB for a real test)

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3. The next step is working the circuit design layout.( You can use ARES Professional for PCB design layout). In designing we advice that you do a partition in design. It helps you to easily analyze and troubleshoot your circuit.

SCHEMATIC DESIGN:

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Figure 1: Circuit Wizard Schematic Design Presentation. By this schematic design, switch represents IR diode and Phototransistor connections.

Sensor (IR Diode and Phototransistor Pin connections)

DESIGN LAYOUT:

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Figure 2: ARES Design Layout for 74LS42 and 74LS08

Figure 3:ARES Design Layout for 74LS192, 74LS04 and 74LS32

Figure 4: ARES Design Layout for 74LS02, IR Diode and Phototransistor

Figure 5: ARES Design Layout for Dual 7-Segment and 74LS47

OBSERVATION:

In this project, we observed the following:

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Applying the components into the breadboard based on the schematic diagram is much easier than designing a layout; its a little bit confusing. You must be aware of the connections and pin configuration. But sometimes for reliable result its better to apply it on PCB or universal PCB.

In designing a layout, we advice that you do a partition. In doing these you can organize the connection and its a great help in troubleshooting. Header and connecting wires do help.

Logic gates here are very useful, because it is really emphasizing the task and the real logic. Doing the counting and giving pulse is common and given in the Datasheet of every ICs. Cascading of logic gates are the method mostly used to present the 20 LEDs.

Voltage decrease in every transition of components or simply voltage drop. So we avoid using diodes instead we use logic gates to get exact voltage for every LEDs.

Biasing of every separated circuit must be considered in making a layout. The interval of pulses affects the right timing and counters right periods; there must be right capacitance and resistance in the case of timer. We use timer to check if counter, driver, dual segment and 20 LEDs is working right in terms of connected results. It is one way of trouble shooting.

Sensor is the very hard part of this project. It demands much time analyzing which will be the answer for right output. It must be right signal and time to get the right counting. IR diode must be protected in terms of supply so we put resistor. Resistance in IR Diode correlates in terms of its distance from Phototransistor. The far the distance between the diode and transistor the lesser the resistance in the base. This sensor is very sensitive in light that it affects the signals that merely cause debouncing or signal destruction.

CONCLUSION:
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In this kind of project, you must be knowledgeable in the following: Basic logic gates and their application (including Cascading method and Karnaugh Mapping) Datasheets of components (especially pin configuration) and Application Circuit Simulators and Circuit Designing Software (Proteus 7.0 and Circuit Wizard) Applying Schematic in Breadboard Sensor and its working schematic sample or application ( in every sensor indeed we consider its sensitivity)

In making this project possible, we need to keep in mind that analyzation and application are necessary. Sometimes we tend to analyze and jump to PCB layout without applying it to a breadboard or a test. We need to apply the procedures or else failures and hard time troubleshooting comes.

Repetition of circuit making is cannot be avoided, it is part of the job. So its better to have backup in every device or tools you needed to finish this project. It is hard and tiring to buy things all over again or it is better to be well known of all the devices youre working with.

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