Main Functions of rbi: Monetary Authority:

Formulates, implements and monitors the monetary policy. Objective: maintaining price stability and ensuring adequate flow of credit to productive sectors.

Regulator and supervisor of the financial system:

Prescribes broad parameters of banking operations within which the country's banking and financial system functions. Objective: maintain public confidence in the system, protect depositors' interest and provide cost-effective banking services to the public.

Manager of Foreign Exchange

Manages the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999. Objective: to facilitate external trade and payment and promote orderly development and maintenance of foreign exchange market in India.

Issuer of currency:

Issues and exchanges or destroys currency and coins not fit for circulation. Objective: to give the public adequate quantity of supplies of currency notes and coins and in good quality.

Developmental role

Performs a wide range of promotional functions to support national objectives.

Related Functions

Banker to the Government: performs merchant banking function for the central and the state governments; also acts as their banker. Banker to banks: maintains banking accounts of all scheduled banks.

Demographics of india:

With 1,210,193,422 citizens reported in the 2011 provisional Census,[8] India is the world's second most populous country. India's population grew at 1.76% per annum during the last decade,[8] down from 2.201% per annum in the previous decade.[42] The human sex ratio in India, according to the 2011 census, is 940 females per 1,000 males,[8] the lowest since independence. India's median age was 24.9 in the 2001 census.[42] Medical advances of the last 50 years, as well increased agricultural productivity brought about by the "green revolution" have caused India's population to grow rapidly.[168][169] The percentage of Indian population living in urban areas has

grown as well, increasing by 31.2% from 1991 to 2001.[170] Despite this, in 2001, over 70% of India's population continued to live in rural areas.[171][172] According to the 2001 census, there are twenty seven million-plus cities in the country,[170] with Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkata being the largest. India's overall literacy rate in 2011 is 74.04%, its female literacy rate standing at 65.46% and its male at 82.14%.[173] The state of Kerala has the highest literacy rate, whereas Bihar has the lowest.[174][175] India continues to face several public health-related challenges.[176][177] According to the World Health Organization, 900,000 Indians die each year from drinking contaminated water or breathing polluted air.[178] There are about 60 physicians per 100,000 people in India.[179] The Indian Constitution recognises 212 scheduled tribal groups which together constitute about 7.5% of the country's population.[180] The 2001 census reported the religion in India with the largest number of followers was Hinduism, with over 800 million (80.5%) of the population recording it as their religion. Other religious groups include Muslims (13.4%), Christians (2.3%), Sikhs (1.9%), Buddhists (0.8%), Jains (0.4%), Jews, Zoroastrians and Bah's.[181] India has the world's third-largest Muslim population and the largest Muslim population for a non-Muslim majority country. India is home to two major language families: Indo-Aryan (spoken by about 74% of the population) and Dravidian (spoken by about 24%). Other languages spoken in India come from the Austro-Asiatic and Tibeto-Burman language families. Neither the Constitution of India, nor any Indian law defines any national language.[182] Hindi, with the largest number of speakers,[183] is the official language of the union.[184] English is used extensively in business and administration and has the status of a 'subsidiary official language;'[185] it is also important in education, especially as a medium of higher education. In addition, every state and union territory has its own official languages, and the constitution also recognises in particular 21 "scheduled languages".
Demographics of usa:

The 2010 U.S. Census reported 308,745,538 residents; the U.S. Census Bureau's Population Clock projects the country's population now to be 311,411,000,[125] including an estimated 11.2 million illegal immigrants.[126] The third most populous nation in the world, after China and India, the United States is the only industrialized nation in which large population increases are projected.[127] With a birth rate of 13.82 per 1,000, 30% below the world average, its population growth rate is 0.98%, significantly higher than those of Western Europe, Japan, and South Korea.[128] In fiscal year 2010, over 1 million immigrants were granted legal residence,[129] most of them entered through family reunification.[129] Mexico has been the leading source of new residents for over two decades; since 1998, China, India, and the Philippines have been in the top four sending countries every year.[130] The United States has a very diverse populationthirty-one ancestry groups have more than one million members.[131] White Americans are the largest racial group; German Americans, Irish Americans, and English Americans constitute three of the country's four largest ancestry

groups.[131] African Americans are the nation's largest racial minority and third largest ancestry group.[131] Asian Americans are the country's second largest racial minority; the two largest Asian American ethnic groups are Chinese Americans and Filipino Americans.[131] In 2010, the U.S. population included an estimated 5.2 million people with some American Indian or Alaska Native ancestry (2.9 million exclusively of such ancestry) and 1.2 million with some native Hawaiian or Pacific island ancestry (0.5 million exclusively).[132] The census now includes the category "Some Other Race" for "respondents unable to identify with any" of its five official race categories; more than 19 million people were placed in this category in 2010.[132] The population growth of Hispanic and Latino Americans (the terms are officially interchangeable) is a major demographic trend. The 50.5 million Americans of Hispanic descent[132] are identified as sharing a distinct "ethnicity" by the Census Bureau; 64% of Hispanic Americans are of Mexican descent.[133] Between 2000 and 2010, the country's Hispanic population increased 43% while the non-Hispanic population rose just 4.9%.[124] Much of this growth is from immigration; as of 2007, 12.6% of the U.S. population was foreign-born, with 54% of that figure born in Latin America.[134] Fertility is also a factor; the average Hispanic woman gives birth to 3.0 children in her lifetime, compared to 2.2 for non-Hispanic black women and 1.8 for non-Hispanic white women (below the replacement rate of 2.1).[127] Minorities (as defined by the Census Bureau, all those beside non-Hispanic, non-multiracial whites) constitute 34% of the population; they are projected to be the majority by 2042.[135] About 82% of Americans live in urban areas (as defined by the Census Bureau, such areas include the suburbs);[1] about half of those reside in cities with populations over 50,000.[136] In 2008, 273 incorporated places had populations over 100,000, nine cities had more than 1 million residents, and four global cities had over 2 million (New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston).[137] There are fifty-two metropolitan areas with populations greater than 1 million.[138] Of the fifty fastest-growing metro areas, forty-seven are in the West or South.[139] The metro areas of Dallas, Houston, Atlanta, and Phoenix all grew by more than a million people between 2000 and 2008.[138]