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MENAHOT: CHAPTER 6: MISHNAH 6
The omer consisted of one isaron out of three seahs. The Two Loaves - of two isarons out of three seahs. The Shewbread - of twenty-four isarons out of twenty-four seahs. Kehati Let us note that an isaron signifies a tenth of an efah (about four liters); an efah contains three seahs. The omer - offered up on the 16th of Nisan consisted of one select isaron - sifted out of three seahs of barley. Since the omer came from the new crop of the bran-laden barley, in order to gain one isaron of pure flour, it was necessary to sift three seahs. The Two Loaves consisted of two isarons of fine flour obtained by sifting them out of three seahs of wheat. Even though the Two Loaves also came from new produce, one could obtain two isarons of flour from three seahs of grain, seeing that wheat does not carry so much bran. The Shewbread consisted of twenty-four isarons - thus (Lev. 24:5): "twelve cakes, two esronot (tenth measures) shall be in one cake," sifted "out of twenty four seahs" - i.e., one isaron of fine flour out of one seah of wheat; since the Shewbread is made out of old wheat, an isaron of select fine flour can be obtained from as little as one se'ah of grain. MENAHOT: CHAPTER 6: MISHNAH 7 The omer was sifted through thirteen sieves, the Two Loaves through twelve, and the Shewbread through eleven. R. Shimon says, There was no set number, rather they brought fine flour sifted as much as was necessary, as it is written (Lev. 24:5): "and you shall take fine flour, and bake" - until it is sifted as much as is necessary. Kehati The above, a continuation of the preceding mishnah, elaborates the sifting procedure of the omer, the Two Loaves and the Shewbread. The omer was sifted through thirteen sieves - three seahs of new barley were ground (see preceding mishnah) and then sifted through thirteen sieves, each finer than the other; the isaron for the omer came from the last sieve (see Avot 5:15 - "and the sieve which extracts the coarsely-ground flour and collects the fine flour"); the three seahs of wheat from which two isarons were extracted for the Two Loaves were ground and sifted through twelve sieves, and the twenty-four seahs of wheat which yielded twenty-four isarons of fine flour for the twelve loaves of the Shewbread were, after grinding, sifted through eleven sieves. R. Shimon says, There was no set number of seahs from which the fine flour was to be obtained for the omer meal-offering, the Two Loaves and the Shewbread, nor was there a set number of sieves; rather, they brought fine flour sifted as much as was necessary, as it is written (Lev.24:5): "and you shall take fine flour and bake," i.e., until it is sifted as much as is necessary. The halakhah follows the First Tanna. However, the set procedure, though praiseworthy, is not indispensable, and if the isaron of the omer was obtained from four or two seahs (instead of the requisite three) it is not thereby disqualified (Bartenura; see Tosefot Yom Tov).

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MENAHOT: CHAPTER 11: MISHNAH 9 The Two Loaves were eaten on no less than the second and on no more than the third. How so? If they were baked on the day before the Festival and eaten on the Festival - on the second; if the Festival fell after the Sabbath, they were eaten on the third. The Shewbread was eaten on no less than the ninth and on no more than eleventh. How so? If it was baked on the day before the Sabbath and eaten on the Sabbath - on the ninth. If the Festival fell on the day before the Sabbath - it was eaten on the tenth. On the two Festival days of Rosh Hashanah - it was eaten on the eleventh. And it overrides neither the Sabbath nor the Festival. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says in the name of R. Shimon b. Hasegan: it overrides the Festival, but does not override the Fast Day. Kehati As taught in mishnah 2 of this chapter. the baking of the Two Loaves does not override the Sabbath. This mishnah teaches that on the Festival it is also forbidden to bake them. The Gemara (Pes. 47a) explains: Regarding work on the Festival-day the Torah states (Ex. 12:16) "...save that which every person must eat, that only may be done ( lakhem) by you" (lit. for you), which excludes those preparations that fulfill a ritual requirement. The Two Loaves were eaten by the priests on no less than the second day after baking and on no more than the third day after baking; i.e., not before the second and not after the third day after baking. How so? If they - the Two Loaves were baked on the day before the Shavuot Festival and eaten on the Festival - on the second day after baking. If the Festival fell after the Sabbath - on a Sunday, the eve of Shavuot falling on the Sabbath - they -the Two Loaves - were eaten on the third day after baking, since they were baked on Friday. The Shewbread was eaten by the priests on no less than the ninth day after baking and on no more than the eleventh day. How so? If it was baked on the day before the Sabbath and eaten on the Sabbath - on the ninth day after baking. If the Festival fell on the day before the Sabbath - when the Shewbread was baked before the Festival day, i.e., on Thursday - it was eaten on the tenth day after baking. On the two Festival days of Rosh Hashana - if these fell before the Sabbath, i.e., on Thursday and Friday, the bread was baked on the day before Rosh Hashanah, i.e., on Wednesday, and thus it was eaten on the eleventh day after baking, i.e., Yom Kippur. when the bread cannot be eaten before its termination (see mishnah 7 above), by which time it is the twelfth day! However. since concerning the Holy Things (sacrifices, offerings, tithes and dedicated animals, etc.) the day carries with it the following night, the time in question still counts as the eleventh day after baking. And it - the baking of the bread - overrides neither the Sabbath - since this can be done before the Sabbath (see mishnah 4 above)- nor the Festival, as explained in the introduction to our mishnah. Rambam points out that on a Festival-day only food needed for that day may be cooked or baked. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says in the name of R. Shimon b. Hasegan: it overrides the Festival , in his view, lakhem ("for you" - see above) excludes the Gentiles, and not preparations that meet a ritual prescription, but does not override the Fast Day - Yom Kippur - upon which the Shewbread may not be baked if it falls on a Friday.