APPLICATION OF FAN AND BLOWER IN ROOM AIR HEATER

ENGINEERING DESIGN (TA 103) PROJECT

SUBMITETD TO: MR.SHALOM AKHAI SIR SUBMITTED BY:HARSHDEEP SINGH-10102015 MANAN ARORA-10102032 SECOND SEMESTER, FIRST YEAR CIVIL ENGINEERING

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

(APPLICATION OF FAN AND BLOWER IN ROOM AIR HEATER) PAGE NO. 1. INTRODUCTION 2. TYPES OF HEATERS 3. PRINCIPLE AND CONSTRUCTION 4. WORKING OF A HEATER 5. MERITS OF USING HEATERS 6. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS 7. APPLICATIONS OF HEATERS 8. OUR PROJECT- WHAT WE DID? 3 4 6 7 8 8 9 10

AN ELECTRIC HEATER

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INTRODUCTION

Electric heating is any process in which electrical energy is converted to heat. Common applications include space heating, cooking, water heating and industrial processes. An electric heater is an electrical appliance that converts electrical energy into heat. The heating element inside every electric heater is simply an electrical resistor, and works on the principle of Joule heating: an electric current through a resistor converts electrical energy into heat energy. A heater is an object that emits heat or causes another body to achieve a higher temperature. In a household or domestic setting, heaters are usually appliances whose purpose is to generate heating (i.e. warmth). Heaters exists for all states of matter, including solids, liquids and gases. The opposite of a heater (for warmth) is an air cooler (for cold) used to keep the user cooler than the temperature originally surrounding them.

30 KW resistance heating coils

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TYPES OF HEATERS

(i)

Radiative heaters:

Radiative heaters contain a heating element that reaches a high temperature. The element is usually packaged inside a glass envelope resembling a light bulb and with a reflector to direct the energy output away from the body of the heater. The element emits infrared radiation that travels through air or space until it hits an absorbing surface, where it is partially converted to heat and partially reflected. This heat directly warms people and objects in the room, rather than warming the air. This style of heater is particularly useful in areas which unheated air flows through. They are also ideal for basements and garages where spot heating is desired. More generally, they are an excellent choice for task-specific heating. Radiative heaters operate silently and present the greatest potential danger to ignite nearby furnishings due to the focused intensity of their output and lack of overheat protection. In the United Kingdom, these appliances are sometimes called electric fires, because they were originally used to replace open fires.

Open-Coil Heating Element Subassembly.

(ii)

Convection heaters:

In a convection heater, the heating element heats the air next to it by convection. Hot air is less dense than cool air, so it rises due to buoyancy, allowing more cool air to flow in to take its place. This sets up a constant current of hot air that leaves the appliance through vent holes and heats up the surrounding space. They are ideally suited for heating a closed space. They operate silently and have a lower risk of ignition hazard in the event that they make unintended contact with furnishings compared to radiant electric heaters. This is a good choice for long periods of time or if left unattended. They are very safe heaters and there is a very low chance of getting burned.

(iii)

Fan heaters:
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A fan heater, also called a forced convection heater, is a variety of convection heater that includes an electric fan to speed up the airflow. This reduces the thermal resistance between the heating element and the surroundings faster than passive convection, allowing heat to be transferred more quickly. They operate with considerable noise caused by the fan. They have a moderate risk of ignition hazard in the event that they make unintended contact with furnishings. This type of heater is a good choice for quick heating of enclosed spaces.

Portable fan heater (iv) Storage heating:

A storage heating system takes advantage of cheaper electricity prices, sold during low demand periods such as overnight. In the United Kingdom, this is branded as Economy 7. The storage heater stores heat in clay bricks, then releases it during the day when required. (v) Domestic electrical under floor heating:

These systems are called radiant heating systems, regardless of whether they include a heat exchanger (also called a radiator) or are electrically powered. When a home radiant heat system is turned on, current flows through a conductive heating material. For high-voltage radiant heat systems, line voltage (110 V or 230 V) current flows through the heating cable. For low-voltage systems, the line voltage is converted to extra low voltage (8 to 30 V) in the control unit (which contains a step-down transformer) and this low voltage is then applied to the heating element. The heated material then heats the flooring until it reaches the right temperature set by the floor thermostat. The flooring then heats the adjacent air, which circulates, heating other objects in the room (tables, chairs, people) by convection. As it rises, the heated air will heat the room and all its contents up to the ceiling. This form of heating gives the most consistent room temperature from floor to ceiling compared to any other heating system.

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PRINCIPLE

The principles of electric heaters work can differ (from fan heaters to infrared heaters), but they all depend on the electricity supply network. All these heaters use energy, and they are not the cheapest way of heating, compared for example with gas heater. But nevertheless, these heaters are very popular, because of the easiness of mounting and use. It is important to consider that the total power of the heater should be less then the electric power of their power supply. It is also recommended to have additional automatic switcher in the switchboard to protect it from overcharge. Electric heater works on the principle called resistance heating. Your standard incandescant light bulb is a great example of a small electric heater. The tungsten filament presents a resistance to the flow of electricity thereby heating up the filament.

REGULATOR OF HEATER Because of the properties of the filament the heating also produces light. The resistance of the heater element is such that most of the energy consumed is in the form of heat and not light although ultraviolet light is emitted. To get meaningful heat you have to apply significant current (Amps). Some heaters may have fans to try and distribute the heat quicker or if no fan the heat may transfer to the surrounding area by conduction or convection.

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CONTRUCTION AND WORKING An electrical heating apparatus, for example, a fan heater, comprises at least an electrical heating element and a motor for driving a fan. The apparatus also comprises a switch device arranged to provide the apparatus with two operating modes. In the first mode the heating element and the motor are connected in parallel, and in the second mode the heating element and the motor are connected in series. The first mode provides a relatively high heat output and/or high airflow to distribute the heat quickly.

MOTOR OF THE HEATER The second mode provides quieter operation at a similar or lower output power level, for example, to maintain a given temperature while causing less disturbance to people in the vicinity of the fan heater. A further heating element may be arranged in parallel with the motor in the second mode of operation so as to provide a potential divider for supplying the motor. They work by converting electricity into heat using metals as heating elements. The metals have high resistance that permit a certain amount of current to flow though them to provide the required heat. Electrical energy is changed into heat energy and the the relationship between the wattage and Btu/hr is: 1 Watt = 3.415 Btu/hr.

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MERITS OF USING A HEATER

Initial Low Cost Investment. The units are usually lower in cost compared to other types of heating sources.

Clean Operation. There isn't any need for refrigerant or oxygen, hence the operation is neat and clean.

No Toxic Gases. Since no combustion is needed, there is no danger of toxic gases that may leak in the event of faulty units. No chimney is needed unlike the traditional coal or wood source of heating.

Smaller in Size. They take smaller space compared to other systems.

Ease of Control. Individual unit temperature can be controlled more precisely using the thermostat mounted on the unit.

Ozone Friendly. Since no refrigerant is involved, this type of heat source is more ozone friendly.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS This heater is for INDOOR USE ONLY. NEVER use electrical equipment in the presence of combustible gases. ALWAYS disconnect from the mains supply before moving or performing any maintenance tasks. ALWAYS use in an upright position ONLY. Inspect the mains cable regularly for signs of damage. DO NOT use if it is damaged, and ALWAYS keep it away from the source of heat. NEVER remove the guards from this machine. NEVER locate the heater near combustible materials such as curtains, furniture etc. Allow at least 1 metre distance. DO NOT use this heater in a bathroom , shower room, in the vicinity of a swimming pool, or any wet environment.
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 DO NOT locate the heater close to an adjacent wall or ceiling...allow a distance of at least 1 metre from a wall or ceiling. NEVER cover the heater, or block any of the vents. DO NOT use if the heater elements are damaged. NEVER touch the heater for at least 15 minutes after it is switched off. DO NOT leave the heater unattended. If children are present.....ALWAYS use with a fireguard. Do NOT use in a paint spray booth or any explosive environment. Take care to ensure that the fan grille cannot be blocked by curtains or the like.

APPLICATIONS

HEATERS FOR SOLDERING IRONS

Kyocera produces alumina heaters for highprecision soldering irons. The alumina heater offers several key advantages, such as a smaller form factor with high power, rapid heating, excellent electrical insulation and outstanding reliability. These heaters are used for precision soldering work, vacuum de-soldering equipment and automated soldering robots.

BONDING HEATERS

Bonding heaters are used in the semiconductor die-bonding process. SN heater characteristics allow for a quick increase in temperature and rapid cooling. These heaters contribute to improved tact time and high-precision chip mounting.

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SEAL HEATERS

Kyocera seal heaters are used for resin and glass sealing. SN heaters can be used for rapid heating with high reliability due to their excellent heat characteristics, shock resistance and durability at extreme temperatures.

AIR HEATERS

These heater units are used in air heating and air drying devices. The ceramic heater is pressed into an aluminum radiation fin that efficiently distributes the heat.

OUR PROJECT- WHAT WE DID?

We decided to make a project on application of fan and blower in room heater. Thus, we basically decided to make a room heater commonly used in our homes.

We collected all the basic parts of heater, the fan, the motor, the heating element, connecting wires. Then, we joined all the parts and arranged the connections, in the form they look like in the real heater.

We also arranged an old heater from our homes, to show the working model. Then, we fixed both the models adjacent to each other on a plyboard.
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WHAT WE LEARNT. We decided to do this project as we wanted to do something different and unique. We learnt the working of the room heaters, and the principle on which they work We learnt the various applications not only of room heaters but also various heaters used in industries, etc.

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