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Notes:
1. When intensifying the

)
with the

) it is useful to

first divide the





into

(sound ending) and






(weak ending) and the latter into




,
and

. Thereafter they can be further divided into three groups: (a) the Four Verbs which

lack any pronominal suffixes, (b) the Five Verbs which have the
,

and

suffixed to them, and (c) the Two Verbs which have the

/



suffixed to them.

In the case of the Four Verbs the letter before the

is vowelled with a

and in the case where the final letter is an

and then it is first converted into a

cannot be vowelled). Furthermore, the Four (since the

vowelled with a

.
Verbs as a result of the suffixing of the


on the

are all

Because no
and
exists (whether in the real or implied sense) between the



2

2.

the


3.

4.

5.

6.

(directly connected
, the

is referred to as
to the
) .


In the case of the Five Verbs the
is dropped (due to the conglomeration of

three Nuns). This is followed by the dropping of the two pronominal suffixes: the

and

providing
each
one
of
them
is
preceded
by
a

corresponding vowel which serves as a trace indicating its implied presence (i.e. the


indicating the implied existence of the



indicating the

and the
implied existence of the





) . If the

and

are not preceded by their corresponding vowels but by the instead

which is the case with the


then they are retained and vowelled with their
corresponding vowels. As for the weak letter itself it is dropped the moment the

or

is suffixed to the weak ending verb. It is needless to say

that in the case of the pronominal suffix being the

no changes are

effected except that the

and the of the

is vowelled with a
that must of

is changed into a to accommodate the

necessity precede the . The reason why the

is not dropped is that
and
its dropping will cause confusion with two of the Four Verbs, namely:


. Furthermore, the Five Verbs remain

even after the suffixing of the


exists (whether in the real or implied sense) between the


. Because a

and the




, the

is referred to as

) .



(indirectly connected to the

( separating Alif) is
In the case of the Two Verbs an
called the

inserted between the




and the

to prevent the
conglomeration of the three Nuns. Furthermore, the


is vowelled with a

as was the case with the

( Alif denoting dual person).

In the case of




by means of the

the same rules

apply except that this




is not suffixed after the

due to the meeting of two
whether it be the

or the

unvowelled letters) When pausing on the




, it is takes the same
( i.e. in the case of the Four Verbs) it is
ruling as the


. Thus, after the
paused on as an
and after the
and the
( i.e. in the case of three of

the Five Verbs) it is dropped and the omitted pronoun (i.e. the




and the

) restored (due to the cause of their omission being absent). [see table below].

Since the

is derived from the
the same rules are applicable to it except

that in the case where the

ends in the




,
or

being


the

is dropped due to the

(indeclinable).

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